Studies that treat quantitative data on migration analytically. Methodological studies concerned primarily with migration are coded in this division and cross-referenced to N. Methods of Research and Analysis Including Models , as appropriate. Includes some consideration of policy aspects, but studies relating primarily to policies designed to affect migration are coded under M.3. Measures Affecting Migration .
Studies that concern both international and internal migration.
62:20459 Assadian, Afsaneh.
Fiscal determinants of migration to a fast-growing state: how the
aged differ from the general population. Review of Regional
Studies, Vol. 25, No. 3, Winter 1995. 301-15 pp. Knoxville, Tennessee.
In Eng.
"This paper utilizes 1980-89 data on Florida's
metropolitan areas to test the hypothesis that fiscal variables have
differing influences on the in-migration of the aged as compared to the
general population. The model, which is based on the Tiebout
hypothesis, tests the role of variables which represent public
school-related finances and public assistance....Consistent with the
Teibout theory, the general population is found to prefer high public
school-related spending and low taxes. The elderly, in contrast, choose
locations where school spending and taxes are low. Nonschool-related
taxes positively impact the migration of both groups. Contrary to
previous studies, there is evidence of a role, albeit a mostly negative
one, for the economic determinants of elderly migration. The possible
importance of quality of life influences is also suggested by the
findings."
Correspondence: A. Assadian, Florida
Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL 33431. Location: Princeton
University Library (PF).
62:20460 Burda, Michael C.
Migration and the option value of waiting. Economic and Social
Review, Vol. 27, No. 1, Oct 1995. 1-19 pp. Dublin, Ireland. In Eng.
"Migration is an investment: it involves fixed, unrecoverable
costs and uncertain future returns. If migration can be postponed, the
option value of doing so may have positive value. Migration may not
occur for a range of individuals who would otherwise migrate on a net
present value basis. This paper models the migration decision using
ideas developed by Pindyck (1991) and Dixit (1992). The option value of
waiting is related to the interest rate, fixed costs, and especially
uncertainty governing the evolution of income at home and abroad. The
`bad news principle' predicts that only unfavourable states of the
world will affect the value of the migration option. In a rational
intertemporal equilibrium of two regional labour markets, low migration
rates may coexist with large or even increasing current wage
differentials."
Correspondence: M. C. Burda,
Humboldt-Universität, 1080 Berlin, Germany. Location:
Princeton University Library (PF).
62:20461 Courgeau, Daniel. From
the group to the individual: what can be learned from migratory
behaviour. Population: An English Selection, Vol. 7, 1995. 145-62
pp. Paris, France. In Eng.
"Depending on whether the human
sciences deal with group or individual behavior, the assumptions,
objectives, formulations and characteristics considered will be very
different. In [this] paper, we...look at the [modeling] of those
behaviour patterns which help clarify the problems encountered when
passing from one level to the other. These problems will first be
presented in a general form, and then more fully explained using the
example of migratory behaviour....So as to examine in greater detail
how these two levels are intertwined, we shall first define the models
which are most often applied to each of them separately. These models
will then be simplified, as they will be used initially to analyse
out-migrant streams. [They] will then be reformulated using the same
characteristics for the two levels and a theoretical comparison will be
undertaken of the results they produce. We shall apply these formulae
to data from the [1981 French] `Family, occupational and migration
histories'...survey...."
For the original French version of
this article, see 60:30395.
Correspondence: D. Courgeau,
Institut National d'Etudes Démographiques, 27 rue du Commandeur,
75675 Paris Cedex 14, France. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
62:20462 Dey, Chhonda; Chakraborty,
Debesh. Migration in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands
during 1901-1981: trend and pattern. Demography India, Vol. 23,
No. 1-2, Jan-Dec 1994. 167-82 pp. Delhi, India. In Eng.
"The
objective of this paper is to present an overall picture of migration
in the entire group of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands from
1901-1981....It also indicates the social, economic and other forces
responsible for the movement of the population and brings to light the
nature of population redistribution in the Territory." Results
indicate that "the migrants in the Islands formed an important
constituent of population. In 1981, 58% of the total population were
migrants....It is observed that 90% of the migrants from countries
other than India were displaced migrants. The movement of these
migrants was rather forced in nature. The rest of the migrants from
other countries largely came to the Islands for employment and other
services."
Correspondence: C. Dey, Jadavpur
University, Department of Economics, Calcutta 700 032, India.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
62:20463 Gordon, I. R.; Molho, I.
Duration dependence in migration behaviour: cumulative inertia
versus stochastic change. Environment and Planning A, Vol. 27, No.
12, Dec 1995. 1,961-75 pp. London, England. In Eng.
"In this
paper a new theoretical framework and supporting empirical evidence on
the relationship between movement probabilities and length of stay are
presented. Individuals' evaluations of the relative value of
alternative locations are assumed to evolve stochastically, with a
possible tendency either to cumulative inertia or to cumulative stress.
In general this yields a nonmonotonic duration function, with
probabilities of movement starting at zero, rising and then falling--a
pattern consistent with either cumulative tendency, or neither. A
version of the model fitted to data on household movement intentions,
from the U.K. General Household Survey, confirms the hypothesised form
of this function and indicates a dominance of cumulative stress over
cumulative inertia."
Correspondence: I. R. Gordon,
University of Reading, Department of Geography, Reading RG6 2AB,
England. Location: Princeton University Library (UES).
62:20464 Gorenflo, L. J.; Levin, Michael
J. Changing migration patterns in the Federated States of
Micronesia. ISLA: A Journal of Micronesian Studies, Vol. 3, No. 1,
1995. 29-71 pp. Mangilao, Guam. In Eng.
"This article traces
the changing role of migration in the Federated States of Micronesia
during the twentieth century. We begin with a brief geographical,
historical, and cultural overview of each state in the country,
summarizing demographic change over the past 70 years and providing a
foundation for understanding much of the area's past and present human
mobility. Attention then turns to migration within the Federated
States, focusing on data from censuses conducted in 1930, 1973, and
1980 and using supplemental information when possible. Emigration to
destinations outside the country is examined briefly. Finally, we
discuss potential causes and impacts of mobility in this emerging
island nation."
Correspondence: L. J. Gorenflo,
Argonne National Laboratory, Environmental Assessment Division, 955
L'Enfant Plaza SW, Suite 6000, Washington, D.C. 20024-2168.
Location: Stanford University Library, Stanford, CA.
62:20465 Hampl, Martin; Kühnl,
Karel. Migratory trends in former Czechoslovakia.
Acta Universitatis Carolinae: Geographica, Vol. 28, No. 1, 1993. 53-72
pp. Prague, Czech Republic. In Eng. with sum. in Cze.
The authors
analyze migration trends in the former Czechoslovakia. "Most
attention is focused on the search for specificities of two sorts. On
the one hand this is the peculiarity of the geographical organization
of the migratory relationships in a concrete territory as a secondary
specification of a general pattern (the effect of the peculiarities in
the location and hierarchical differentiation of the centres, the
positional exposure of the regions, etc.) and on the other hand...about
the peculiarities resulting from the distorted control of the
society." Sections are included on macroregional differentiation,
the position of Prague, and the prospective development of
migration.
Correspondence: M. Hampl, Charles University,
Faculty of Science, Department of Social Geography and Regional
Development, Prague, Czech Republic. Location: Princeton
University Library (FST).
62:20466 Kane, Hal. What's
driving migration? World Watch, Vol. 8, No. 1, Jan-Feb 1995. 23-33
pp. Washington, D.C. In Eng.
The author briefly reviews worldwide
changes in the cause of migration over time. Patterns since 1500 and
projections through 2050 are discussed.
Correspondence: H.
Kane, Worldwatch Institute, 1776 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington,
D.C. 20036. Location: Princeton University Library (PR).
62:20467 Mueser, Peter R.; Graves, Philip
E. Examining the role of economic opportunity and
amenities in explaining population redistribution. Journal of
Urban Economics, Vol. 37, No. 2, Mar 1995. 176-200 pp. Orlando,
Florida. In Eng.
"This paper develops a model of migration
integrating equilibrium and disequilibrium components in which
individuals and firms form rational expectations about future
opportunities. Levels of migration are derived as functions of
variations in factors influencing migrant labor demand (`economic
opportunity') and migrant labor supply (`residential amenities'). The
model is used to estimate the extent to which migration in the United
States over the period 1950-1980 is determined by these two classes of
exogenous factors."
Correspondence: P. R. Mueser,
University of Missouri, Department of Economics, 188 Professional
Building, Columbia, MO 65211. Location: Princeton University
Library (PF).
62:20468 Tcha, MoonJoong.
Altruism, household size and migration. Economics Letters,
Vol. 49, No. 4, Oct 1995. 441-5 pp. Amsterdam, Netherlands. In Eng.
"This paper considers the effect of altruism on the
relationship between the size of households and the migration decision.
It is shown that when the parent has higher altruism toward her
children, (i) the household is more likely to migrate, and (ii) the
marginal gain from migration increases as the size of the household
increases."
Correspondence: M. Tcha, University of
Western Australia, Department of Economics, Nedlands, Western Australia
6907, Australia. Location: Princeton University Library (PF).
62:20469 Tobler, Waldo.
Migration: Ravenstein, Thornthwaite, and beyond. Urban
Geography, Vol. 16, No. 4, May-Jun 1995. 327-43 pp. Palm Beach,
Florida. In Eng.
"Over one hundred years have passed since
Ernst Georg Ravenstein published his `Laws of Migration'. This paper
addresses the question of how these laws have withstood the test of
time. Ravenstein's 1885 paper also includes a map of `Currents of
Migration', not mentioned in the text, which this article examines for
its impacts on the study of migration. Warren Thornthwaite (1934) also
compared migration to currents, but did not pursue this analogy in
subsequent work. Others have used similar terminology, and examination
of more recent migration studies suggests that they may yield new
laws."
Correspondence: W. Tobler, University of
California, Department of Geography, Santa Barbara, CA 93106-4060.
Location: Princeton University Library (UES).
62:20470 Zajonckovskaja, Zana.
Migration in post-Soviet Russia: a glimpse of the past and a
reflection of current changes. [Les migrations dans la Russie
post-soviétique: reflet du passé et miroir des
changements en cours.] Revue d'Etudes Comparatives Est-Ouest, Vol. 26,
No. 4, Dec 1995. 81-99, 198 pp. Paris, France. In Fre. with sum. in
Eng.
This article explores the impact on migration of recent
political changes following the collapse of the Soviet Union.
"Thus the first period was marked by a new direction in the
migratory processes, and the appearance in 1990-92 of massive waves of
refugees, reflecting the upheaval which the disintegration of the Union
caused in the population. Subsequently, the resumption of `normal'
migratory trends, and the return to evolutionary trends show that
Russia is well on the way to a market economy, compared with most of
the former republics. The further one distances oneself from the date
of the collapse of the USSR, the more apparent the gulf among the new
states which took shape on its territory, in respect of their political
systems, the pace of economic reform, the drop in production and in
populations' living standards, and in social stability. We are
witnessing a re-definition of socio-economic alignments within the
former USSR."
Correspondence: Z. Zajonckovskaja,
Russian Academy of Sciences, Institute of Economic Forecasting,
Leninsky Pr. 14, 117901 Moscow, Russia. Location: Princeton
University Library (PF).
Studies concerned with international migration, including the brain drain.
62:20471 Allen, James P.; Turner,
Eugene. Spatial patterns of immigrant assimilation.
Professional Geographer, Vol. 48, No. 2, May 1996. 140-55 pp.
Cambridge, Massachusetts/Oxford, England. In Eng.
"This
research compares the contemporary areal patterning of cultural and
economic assimilation [of U.S. immigrants] with patterns expected from
a model of urban spatial assimilation described by Massey and modified
by us. Using 1990 census data (PUMS) for 12 immigrant groups in the
greater Los Angeles area, we locate the ethnic concentrations of each
group and identify two additional zones based on distance from the
concentration. The zones represent varying degrees of spatial
assimilation. This method allows us to compare the distribution of
immigrant cohorts over time and the degree of cultural and economic
assimilation of residents of the different zones. Our findings confirm
most geographical aspects of the modified
model."
Correspondence: J. P. Allen, California State
University, Department of Geography, Northridge, CA 91330-8249.
Location: Princeton University Library (SG).
62:20472 Barrett, Alan. Did the
decline continue? Comparing the labor-market quality of United States
immigrants from the late 1970s and late 1980s. Journal of
Population Economics, Vol. 9, No. 1, Feb 1996. 55-63 pp. New York, New
York/Berlin, Germany. In Eng.
"The issue addressed in this
paper is whether or not the decline in immigrant labor-market quality
in the U.S. observed in the late 1960s and 1970s continued in the
1980s." The data are from the Immigration and Naturalization
Service and are provided for the years 1979-1980 and 1989-1990.
"Given the rise in earnings inequality that has occurred in the
United States over the 1980s, the returns to immigration for the more
highly skilled will have increased relative to the low skilled, ceteris
paribus. For this reason, it is possible that the skill decline of
immigrants may have halted in the 1980s as immigrants of differing
skill levels respond to the altered circumstances they would face in
the United States. The empirical results show that the skill decline
did indeed halt...."
Correspondence: A. Barrett,
Economic and Social Research Institute, 4 Burlington Road, Dublin 4,
Ireland. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
62:20473 Berthomière, William.
The migration of Jews from the former Soviet Union: a new challenge
for Israel? [L'immigration des Juifs d'ex-URSS: un nouveau
défi pour Israël?] Revue Européenne des Migrations
Internationales, Vol. 11, No. 3, 1995. 19-41 pp. Poitiers, France. In
Fre. with sum. in Eng; Spa.
"This article is a contribution to
the knowledge on the migratory results stemming from the collapse of
the communist bloc. Since 1989, more than half a million...Jews have
left the former Soviet Union for Israel. Thus, the Jewish state [has
become] one of the major countries [to feel] the effects of this
important geopolitical event. So, in this contribution, we will try to
expose, with the first results of research, the patterns of this
migration and to answer the inherent questions in this kind of
[problem]: who are these migrants and what are their motives? and what
are the effects of this migration for this
area...."
Correspondence: W. Berthomière, 95
avenue du Recteur Pineau, 86022 Poitiers Cedex, France. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
62:20474 Brezis, Elise S.; Krugman, Paul
R. Immigration, investment, and real wages. Journal
of Population Economics, Vol. 9, No. 1, Feb 1996. 83-93 pp. New York,
New York/Berlin, Germany. In Eng.
"The purpose of this paper
is to offer a simple model that is suggestive of the mix of
difficulties and opportunity presented by large-scale immigration. It
shows why immigration may well have a negative effect on real wages in
the short run but a positive effect in the long run. It also suggests
the possibility that the outcome of waves of immigration is not
predetermined: the question of whether the immigrants are successfully
absorbed may depend crucially on both policy and
expectations."
Correspondence: E. S. Brezis, Bar-Ilan
University, Department of Economics, 52900 Ramat Gan, Israel.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
62:20475 Briggs, Vernon M.; Moore,
Stephen. Still an open door? U.S. immigration policy and
the American economy. American University Press Public Policy
Series, ISBN 1-879383-31-4. LC 94-19180. 1994. xi, 167 pp. American
University Press: Washington, D.C. In Eng.
The authors of this
volume examine the relative merits of immigration to the United States.
In particular, they attempt to provide answers to two basic questions
concerning immigration: "Do immigrants hurt or help us
economically? And, have large numbers of immigrants enhanced our
economic well-being or taken jobs from American workers and lowered our
standard of living, and will this continue to be the case? Stephen
Moore argues that immigrants always have been, and will continue to be,
good for our economy. Vernon Briggs warns that, unlike in earlier
times, immigrants arriving today have and will continue to have adverse
effects on our economy, mostly because our industrial and occupational
patterns have changed dramatically since the early part of the
century."
Correspondence: American University Press,
4400 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, D.C. 20016. Location:
Princeton University Library (FST).
62:20476 Brimelow, Peter. Alien
nation: common sense about America's immigration disaster. ISBN
0-679-43058-X. LC 94-12478. 1995. xix, 327 pp. Random House: New York,
New York. In Eng.
The author argues that current rates of
immigration to the United States are causing a radical change in the
nature of the country's population. Specifically, he maintains that the
Immigration Act of 1965 has triggered a mass immigration consisting of
migrants who are significantly different in ethnic origin from the
resident population; this migration is causing a radical change in the
demographic composition of the population, which will lead to a
breakdown in the ties that bind the nation together. Furthermore, he
suggests that this migration policy, which is designed to be free of
any trace of racism or xenophobia, is not only creating an alien
nation, but is doing so despite the wishes of the majority of the
current resident population. The author also makes the case that
immigration is, and always has been, of much less importance to
American economic growth than is conventionally
assumed.
Correspondence: Random House, 201 East 50th
Street, 31st Floor, New York, NY 10022. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPIA).
62:20477 Cazorla, José.
Moroccan migration to Spain. Data, opinions, and predictions.
[La inmigración marroquí en España. Datos,
opiniones y previsiones.] Revista Internacional de Sociología,
Vol. 3, No. 12, Sep-Dec 1995. 117-44 pp. Madrid, Spain. In Spa. with
sum. in Eng.
"In this article, the author analyzes the
migration flows between Spain and [Morocco] within the most general
context of relations between European Union (EU) and the Maghrebian
countries. Since the beginning of the eighties the migration flows
toward and from Spain changed [dramatically], so...Spanish society has
shifted toward an inmigration country. [The author analyzes] where such
inmigrants come from and their motivations to choose Spain [as a]
destination. The results of a survey financed partly by the EU...[for]
institutions related directly with the migration problem from [Morocco]
to Spain are the base of the information included in this
article."
Correspondence: J. Cazorla, Universidad de
Granada, Hospital Real, Calle Cuesta del Hospicio s/n, 18071 Granada,
Spain. Location: Princeton University Library (PR).
62:20478 Clark, Rebecca L.; Passel, Jeffrey
S.; Zimmerman, Wendy N.; Fix, Michael E.; Mann, Taynia L.; Berkowitz,
Rosalind E. Fiscal impacts of undocumented aliens:
selected estimates for seven states. Sep 1994. xiv, 191, [9] pp.
Urban Institute: Washington, D.C. In Eng.
This report is concerned
with the fiscal impacts of undocumented aliens in the United States. It
estimates the cost of supplying three types of services and assesses
the revenues generated by three types of taxes in the seven states with
the largest numbers of undocumented aliens. The services considered are
prisons, schools, and emergency medical care, and the taxes are state
income tax, state sales tax, and state and local property tax. The lack
of suitable data for studies of this nature is noted and
recommendations are made for improving the
situation.
Correspondence: Urban Institute, 2100 M Street
NW, Washington, D.C. 20037. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
62:20479 Collicelli, Carla; Salvatori,
Franco. Immigration to Italy from Eastern Europe.
[L'immigrazione in Italia dall'Europa dell'Est.] Politica
Internazionale, Vol. 21, No. 2, Apr-Jun 1993. 155-81 pp. Florence,
Italy. In Ita.
This article analyzes immigration to Italy from
Eastern Europe and the countries that were part of the former Soviet
Union. The authors conclude that, in Italy--as opposed to in other
Western countries such as Austria and Germany--the total number of
immigrants from these countries is not large, and that it is unlikely
to grow significantly. However, they also suggest that illegal
immigration is likely to become an issue of increasing
concern.
Location: Cornell University Library, NYSSILR
Extension, New York, NY.
62:20480 Corti, Paola. Italian
emigration: historiography, anthropology, and comparative
research. [L'émigration italienne: historiographie,
anthropologie et recherche comparatiste.] Revue Européenne des
Migrations Internationales, Vol. 11, No. 3, 1995. 5-18 pp. Poitiers,
France. In Fre. with sum. in Eng; Ita; Spa.
"This brief paper
identifies the most important moments and the most significant studies
of Italian historiography on emigration. These range from the first
formulation of economic and national models of the Italian exodus to
their subsequent fragmentation into a mosaic of regional and local
historical and anthropological studies. Ultimately, this will allow a
much needed conceptual synthesis, aiming at new comparative research
objectives, and a less specialized and sectorial analysis of
emigration. Such an approach would also help us to tackle the
migrational phenomena in contemporary society with a greater historical
awareness and with more adequate cultural
comprehension."
Correspondence: P. Corti,
Università di Torino, Dipartimento di Storia, Via Sant'Ottavia
20, 10124 Turin, Italy. Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
62:20481 de Tapia, Stéphane.
Turkish migration in Europe. A dynamic definition of a migration
network: circulation and diasporas. [Migrations turques en Europe.
Définition dynamique d'un champ migratoire: circulation et
diasporas.] Cahiers d'Etudes sur la Méditerranée
Orientale et le Monde Turco-Iranien, No. 18, Jul-Dec 1994. 233-62 pp.
Paris, France. In Fre.
Current migration trends of Turks in Europe
are analyzed. In particular, the author examines the extent to which
Turkish migration represents an example of a circulatory migration
system, and the extent to which the Turkish population overseas is a
diaspora.
Location: Princeton University Library (SY).
62:20482 Dicke, Hugo; Glismann, Hans
H. Migration: the welfare calculus of immigrant
countries. Jahrbücher für Nationalökonomie und
Statistik, Vol. 214, No. 3, May 1995. 342-57 pp. Stuttgart, Germany. In
Eng. with sum. in Ger.
"The welfare calculus of migration of
the recipient country is tackled at the level of macro- and of
microeconomics, using the technical apparatus of the welfare economics
of international trade. It turns out that--as opposed to the
international-trade case--in order to exploit positive welfare effects
accruing to an economy which opens its labour markets to immigrants,
interventions are necessary. The design of migration policy has to take
into account, among others, the degree of homogeneity of preference
patterns as well as the functioning of regulated labour markets, and
the strain on the national resource base."
Correspondence:
H. Dicke, Institut für Weltswirtschaft an der
Universität Kiel, Düsternbrooker Weg 120, 24105 Kiel,
Germany. Location: Princeton University Library (PF).
62:20483 Espenshade, Thomas J.
Fiscal impacts of immigrants and the shrinking welfare state.
OPR Working Paper, No. 96-1, Feb 1996. 40 pp. Princeton University,
Office of Population Research [OPR]: Princeton, New Jersey. In Eng.
The author explores "prospective changes in fiscal
consequences of U.S. immigrants, especially those embodied in
Congressional proposals to reform immigration policy and to revise the
legal rules for program use (otherwise known as welfare reform). In
combination, these proposed changes have the effect of reducing the
public costs of immigration, both by reducing the number of immigrants
legally admitted to the United States and by either eliminating or
restricting immigrants' access to public
benefits."
Correspondence: Princeton University,
Office of Population Research, 21 Prospect Avenue, Princeton, NJ
08544-2091. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
62:20484 Esveldt, Ingrid; Kulu-Glasgow, Isik;
Schoorl, Jeannette; van Solinge, Hanna. Motives for
migration, migration networks, and the choice of partners among Turks
and Moroccans in the Netherlands. [Migratiemotieven,
migratienetwerken en partnerkeuze van Turken en Marokkanen in
Nederland.] NIDI Rapport, No. 43, ISBN 90-70990-57-1. 1995. 249 pp.
Nederlands Interdisciplinair Demografisch Instituut [NIDI]: The Hague,
Netherlands. In Dut. with sum. in Eng.
"This study reports on
the results of a survey (1993) and qualitative interviews (1994) among
the population of Turkish or Moroccan descent aged 18-67 years in the
Netherlands. The survey and the interviews focus on certain aspects of
the migration process and their implications for future migration.
Topics dealt with include motives to leave the home country and motives
to choose the Netherlands as the country of destination; functions of
migration networks such as assistance received just before and/or after
migration, assistance given to new migrants and ties and contacts with
the country of origin; and factors related to partner choice of
migrants, such as the ethnic origin of the spouse, the country where
the partner lived before marriage, characteristics of marriage
partners, and opinions of parents as well as young, single Turks and
Moroccans or partner choice and marriage."
Correspondence:
Nederlands Interdisciplinair Demografisch Instituut, Postbus
11650, 2502 AR The Hague, Netherlands. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
62:20485 Fassmann, Heinz; Münz,
Rainer. East-West migration in Europe (1918-1993).
[La migration d'Est en Ouest en Europe (1918-1993).] Revue
Européenne des Migrations Internationales, Vol. 11, No. 3, 1995.
43-66 pp. Poitiers, France. In Fre. with sum. in Eng; Spa.
"This paper analyses available demographic data on
international migration within and to Europe during the period
1918-1939 and 1945-1993. The main focus is on the east-west dimension
of this migration. In the inter-war period some 9.2 million people
either left their countries as labour migrants or were displaced....In
the post-war period (1945-1950) some 15.4 million people fled or were
displaced within Europe....Between 1950 and 1992 another 14 million
people migrated from a country in East-central and Eastern Europe to
the West....In recent times the wars in Croatia and Bosnia as well as
ethnic cleansing have led to the largest wave of refugees and displaced
persons since 1945....Our paper concludes that push and pull factors
causing massive migration cannot only be contained by erecting new
legislative barriers and deploying more armed border guards against
newcomers."
Correspondence: H. Fassmann, Austrian
Academy of Sciences, Institute for Regional and Urban Studies,
Postgasse 7, 1010 Vienna, Austria. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
62:20486 Foot, David K. Canada's
unemployment-immigration linkage: demographic, economic, and political
influences. Canadian Journal of Sociology/Cahiers Canadiens de
Sociologie, Vol. 19, No. 4, Fall 1994. 513-23 pp. Edmonton, Canada. In
Eng.
"This paper rejects Veugelers and Klassen's initial
suggestion that greater concern with demographic considerations might
provide a useful explanation for their empirical finding of a post-1989
change in the unemployment-immigration linkage [in Canada] and offers
alternative explanations consistent with economic and, especially,
sociological-political theories. It shows how elements of Hawkins's
(1988) `bureaucratic control' and Simmons and Keohane's (1991)
`political legitimacy' theories can be combined to explain both
continuity and change in Canada's postwar immigration
policy."
For the article by Veugelers and Klassen, also
published in 1994, see elsewhere in this issue.
Correspondence:
D. K. Foot, University of Toronto, 100 St. George Street, Toronto,
Ontario M52 1A1, Canada. Location: Princeton University
Library (FST).
62:20487 Hamilton, Kimberly A.
Migration and the new Europe. Significant Issues Series, ISBN
0-89206-214-2. LC 93-32176. 1994. xx, 95 pp. Center for Strategic and
International Studies: Washington, D.C. In Eng.
The five papers
included in this volume were commissioned for a conference held in
Taormina, Sicily, in April 1993. "The volume focuses on the steps
necessary to anchor migration and immigration policies to a responsive
and consistent framework. In addition to suggesting policy revisions,
the authors have carefully outlined the impediments of crafting such
policies, the challenges posed by global trends such as the
internationalization of labor markets, and the limitations to the
actions taken by sovereign nations. Although their emphases differ, all
contributors define the security dimension broadly, appreciating the
dynamics of economic, political, and social reactions as well as
interventions." The primary geographic focus is on the countries
of the European Community, but the concluding paper draws comparisons
with the United States.
Correspondence: Center for
Strategic and International Studies, 1800 K Street NW, Suite 400,
Washington, DC 20006. Location: Princeton University Library
(FST).
62:20488 Helly, Denise.
Quebecers, foreigners or citizens? The basis of the sense of
belonging of immigrants to Quebec. [Québécois,
étranger ou citoyens? Les fondements de l'appartenance des
immigrés au Québec.] Revue Européenne des
Migrations Internationales, Vol. 11, No. 3, 1995. 67-78 pp. Poitiers,
France. In Fre. with sum. in Eng; Spa.
"In light of
information concerning the issues of immigration in Quebec, gathered in
[the] course of semi-directed interviews, I have identified three
overriding viewpoints. The first attributes to the State the role of
consolidating a Francophone Quebec, [and] it suggests that the
imposition of linguistic and territorial references is the only manner
by which one can define a Quebecer and a Quebec nation....The second
viewpoint, by contrast, wants to superimpose linguistic, territorial,
cultural and historical references when defining a Quebecer, and by so
doing, excludes the immigrants from the nation-State it wants to
construct. The third viewpoint, radically opposed to aforementioned
approaches, refuses all State intervention imposing a definition of a
national collectivity, whether it be based upon language, history or
culture; from its perspective, the State has but one role: the
protection of liberties
and...redistribution."
Correspondence: D. Helly,
Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Centre Culture et
Société, 306 place d'Youville B-10, Montreal, Quebec H2Y
2B6, Canada. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
62:20489 Hiebert, Daniel. Focus:
immigration to Canada. Canadian Geographer/Géographe
Canadien, Vol. 38, No. 3, 1994. 254-70 pp. Montreal, Canada. In Eng.
This is a special section containing four articles on aspects of
immigration in Canada. The first article, by Daniel Hiebert, examines
current migration policy at both federal and regional levels and the
impact of these policies on the distribution of immigrants and on
regional inequalities. The second article, by Alan Nash, looks at the
incompatibility between regulations pertaining to business and refugee
migration. The final two papers look at the specifics of acculturation
among Italian and Caribbean immigrants in
Toronto.
Correspondence: D. Hiebert, University of British
Columbia, Department of Geography, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z2,
Canada. Location: Princeton University Library (FST).
62:20490 Hugo, Graeme.
Environmental concerns and international migration.
International Migration Review, Vol. 30, No. 1, Spring 1996. 105-31 pp.
Staten Island, New York. In Eng.
"This article focuses on
international migration occurring as a result of environmental changes
and processes. It briefly reviews attempts to conceptualize
environment-related migration and then considers the extent to which
environmental factors have been and may be significant in initiating
migration. Following is an examination of migration as an independent
variable in the migration-environment relationship. Finally, ethical
and policy dimensions are addressed."
Correspondence:
G. Hugo, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
62:20491 Hugo, Graeme. The
economic implications of emigration from Australia. Pub. Order No.
93-2356-X. ISBN 0-644-32666-2. 1994. xviii, 152 pp. Bureau of
Immigration and Population Research: South Carlton, Australia. In Eng.
"This report studies the number and characteristics of
emigrants from Australia, and analyses the causes and the social and
economic consequences of emigration. An important relationship is shown
to exist between the level of immigration and the level of emigration.
In Australia the highs and lows in the level of immigration are
duplicated, albeit at considerably lower levels, three to five years
later in emigration. About two-thirds of the outflow of emigrants from
Australia is made up of former settlers, many of whom return to their
country of origin. The report argues that return migration should be
seen as a normal rather than abnormal outcome of an immigration that
was always intended to be circular."
Correspondence:
Australian Government Publishing Service, Commonwealth Information
Services, G.P.O. Box 84, Canberra ACT 2601, Australia. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
62:20492 Israel. Central Bureau of Statistics
(Jerusalem, Israel). 1993 immigrants from former USSR by
last republic of residence and by selected demographic
characteristics. Monthly Bulletin of Statistics, Vol. 46, No. 2,
Suppl., Feb 1995. 21-54 pp. Jerusalem, Israel. In Eng; Heb.
"The purpose of this supplement is to present the demographic
characteristics of the immigrants from the (former) Soviet Union, who
arrived in Israel in 1993, by last republic of residence....It attempts
to answer the question whether there are demographic and social
differences between immigrants from the various
republics."
Correspondence: Central Bureau of
Statistics, Hakirya, Romema, Jerusalem 91130, Israel. Location:
Princeton University Library (FST).
62:20493 King, Russell. Migration
and development in the Mediterranean region. Geography, Vol. 81,
No. 350, Jan 1996. 3-14 pp. Sheffield, England. In Eng.
International migration trends in the Mediterranean region are
reviewed. The author notes that "the Mediterranean Sea is a
migration frontier which concentrates some of the sharpest economic and
demographic gradients in the world. Across this `Mediterranean Rio
Grande', northward migration flows have escalated in recent years,
especially into the newly prosperous southern EU [European Union]
countries which were themselves sources of mass emigration a few
decades ago. In the post-communist era the Mediterranean has also
become a sharpened geopolitical frontier, for it is around the
Mediterranean that democratic Europe faces the less democratic world of
Islam. In migration policy terms the EU emphasises `closure' towards
immigrants from the southern Mediterranean but a more sensitive
understanding of the politics, economic problems and migration
processes of North Africa (and beyond) is
necessary."
Correspondence: R. King, University of
Sussex, School of European Studies, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9QN, England.
Location: Princeton University Library (PR).
62:20494 King, Russell. The
geopolitics of international migration in Europe. Transactions of
the Institute of British Geographers, Vol. 21, No. 1, 1996. 62-123 pp.
Institute of British Geographers: London, England. In Eng.
This
special section contains four papers on geopolitical aspects of current
international migration trends in Europe. They were presented at a
special session during the Annual Conference of the Institute of
British Geographers held at the University of Northumbria in January
1995.
Selected items will be cited in this or subsequent issues of
Population Index.
Correspondence: Institute of British
Geographers, 1 Kensington Gore, London SW7 2AR, England. Location:
Princeton University Library (PR).
62:20495 Knights, Melanie.
Bangladeshi immigrants in Italy: from geopolitics to
micropolitics. Transactions of the Institute of British
Geographers, Vol. 21, No. 1, 1996. 105-23 pp. London, England. In Eng.
"Bangladeshis are one of a wide variety of recently
established immigrant groups in Italy, analysed here as an example of
the interaction of geopolitics, employment and survival strategies, and
the micropolitics of the community's organization in Italy. The
geopolitics involves events in Bangladesh (change of government), Italy
(the Martelli Law and other legislation), Europe (EU and other European
policies, and the opening of eastern Europe as a routeway) and the
Gulf. The micropolitics concerns mechanisms of immigration, migration
sponsorship, connections to Italian political groups and clientelistic
relationships within the community. Micropolitics also governs to a
large extent the types of mostly informal work done by Bangladeshis in
Rome."
Correspondence: M. Knights, University of
Sussex, School of African and Asian Studies, Falmer, Brighton, East
Sussex BN1 9QN, England. Location: Princeton University
Library (PR).
62:20496 Kurthen, Hermann.
Germany at the crossroads: national identity and the challenges of
immigration. International Migration Review, Vol. 29, No. 4,
Winter 1995. 914-38 pp. Staten Island, New York. In Eng.
"In
Germany the discussion [of immigration] is taking place between two
extreme positions, one that denies Germany is de facto an immigration
country...and one that compares Germany with traditional immigration
societies like the United States, Canada, or Australia. As will be
demonstrated, both arguments are too simplistic....To illustrate the
importance of migration movements for Germany's national fabric, first
an overview of the history of pre- and postwar migrations and refugee
movements as well as their effects on the domestic situation in Germany
are presented. Next, the origins of the contradictory nature of the
current asylum, citizenship and naturalization regulations and the need
to redefine Germany's legal framework, immigration policy, and national
identity after unification are discussed."
Correspondence:
H. Kurthen, University of North Carolina, P.O. Box 2688, Chapel
Hill, NC 27515-2688. Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
62:20497 Latuch, Mikolaj.
Contemporary international migrations and migration policy.
[Wspólczesne migracje miedzynarodowe i polityka migracyjna.]
Biuletyn IGS, Vol. 38, No. 1-2, 1995. 51-67 pp. Warsaw, Poland. In Pol.
with sum. in Eng; Rus.
With a focus on Poland, the author examines
the following aspects and questions regarding international migration:
"The intensification of spatial mobility in Poland as well as in
other countries; the necessity for modernisation of migratory policy;
socio-economic implications of out-migration and migratory policy;
Poland--a country of transit, political asylum or immigration?; the
phenomenon of transit migration in Poland; stability or flexibility of
migratory policy? [and] migration as a focus of world population
conferences."
Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
62:20498 Lebon, André.
Migration and nationality in France in 1994. [Migrations et
nationalité en France en 1994.] ISBN 2-11-089245-5. Nov 1995. 91
pp. Ministère de l'Aménagement du Territoire, de la Ville
et de l'Intégration, Direction de la Population et des
Migrations: Paris, France. Distributed by Documentation
Française, 29-31 quai Voltaire, 75334 Paris Cedex 07, France. In
Fre.
This is the latest in a series of annual reports on the
immigration situation in France. This report has sections on
in-migration, whether permanent, temporary, or seasonal; the
out-migration of immigrants back to their countries of origin; and the
acquisition of French nationality by immigrants in France. There are
appendixes on immigrants in the labor force and on the international
aspects of immigration policy.
Correspondence:
Ministère de l'Aménagement du Territoire, de la
Ville et de l'Intégration, Direction de la Population et des
Migrations, 1 place de Fontenoy, 75350 Paris 07 SP, France.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
62:20499 Leiner, Nadine; Meckl,
Jürgen. International migration and income
redistribution: a trade-theoretic analysis. [Internationale
Migration und Einkommensverteilung: eine außenhandelstheoretische
Analyse.] Jahrbücher für Nationalökonomie und Statistik,
Vol. 214, No. 3, May 1995. 324-41 pp. Stuttgart, Germany. In Ger. with
sum. in Eng.
"We analyze the income-redistribution effects of
international migration in the host and source country in a general
equilibrium framework. The well-known result that marginal migration
leaves the welfare of nonmigrants unaffected is discussed in more
detail with regard to shifts in national income distributions. With
endogenous goods' prices the consequences for the income distribution
are in general ambiguous--we show possibilities for an estimation of
their magnitude. As long as wage disparities determine the direction of
migration it increases world efficiency. However, redistributive
policies may generate migration towards the low-wage
country."
Correspondence: N. Leiner, Universität
Konstanz, SFB 178, Postfach 55 60, 78434 Constance, Germany.
Location: Princeton University Library (PF).
62:20500 Lequin, Yves. The
history of foreigners and of immigration in France. [Histoire des
étrangers et de l'immigration en France.] ISBN 2-03-720264-4.
1992. 493 pp. Larousse: Paris, France. In Fre.
This is a collective
work that describes the history of immigration to France from the
Middle Ages to the present day. In particular, the contributing authors
examine changing attitudes toward foreigners over time and analyze the
reasons why anti-immigrant views and xenophobia tend to flourish in
times of crisis.
Correspondence: Larousse, 17 rue du
Montparnasse, 75298 Paris Cedex 06, France. Location:
Princeton University Library (FST).
62:20501 Loveless, Stephen C.; McCue, Clifford
P.; Surette, Raymond B.; Norris-Tirrell, Dorothy.
Immigration and its impact on American cities. ISBN
0-275-94500-6. LC 95-40580. 1996. xvi, 179 pp. Praeger: Westport,
Connecticut. In Eng.
"This book is about how immigration
affects American cities and how local government decision makers can
effectively manage immigration's impacts....The book has three
purposes. First, the book expands the current literature examining
impacts of immigration....The second purpose of the book is to
introduce an impact model as an analytical tool for determining
immigration effects....The book's third purpose is to assist local
government decision makers in planning, managing, and, to some degree,
controlling immigration in a given jurisdiction. The book uses the City
of Miami, Florida, as a case study for illustrating the model and its
utility for decision making."
Correspondence: Praeger
Publishers, 88 Post Road West, Westport, CT 06881. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
62:20502 Martin, Philip.
Mexican-U.S. migration: policies and economic impacts.
Challenge, Mar-Apr 1995. 56-62 pp. Armonk, New York. In Eng.
The
author discusses political and economic aspects of Mexico-to-U.S.
migration. He focuses on the following questions: "What are the
current dimensions of Mexico-to-U.S. migration? What are the likely
impacts of NAFTA on this? Most important, what are the prospects for
U.S.-Mexican cooperation on migration
issues?"
Correspondence: P. Martin, University of
California, Department of Agricultural Economics, Davis, CA 95616-8512.
Location: Princeton University Library (PF).
62:20503 Martiniello, Marco; Poncelet,
Marc. Migration and ethnic minorities in Europe.
[Migrations et minorités ethniques dans l'espace
européen.] L'Homme/L'Etranger, ISBN 2-8041-1790-1. 1993. 217 pp.
De Boeck Université: Brussels, Belgium. In Fre.
This book
contains nine papers by various authors on aspects of migration to the
European countries. The papers examine the implications of the growing
desire by immigrants to come to Europe at a time of increasing economic
and political difficulties; the growth of cultural and ethnic diversity
as a consequence of immigration; and the possibility of absorbing
immigrants into the social and political structures of the countries
they have settled in. The focus of the collection is on the political
aspects of immigration, and on the need to develop appropriate policies
that concern the assimilation of immigrants and the control of
migration flows.
Correspondence: De Boeck-Wesmael, Rue des
Minimes 39, 1000 Brussels, Belgium. Location: Princeton
University Library (FST).
62:20504 Massey, Douglas S. The
new immigration and ethnicity in the United States. Population and
Development Review, Vol. 21, No. 3, Sep 1995. 631-52, 707, 709 pp. New
York, New York. In Eng. with sum. in Fre; Spa.
"The article
assesses the prospects for the assimilation of new immigrant groups and
judges their likely effects on the society, culture, and language of
the United States. It places the new immigration in historical
perspective and indicates the distinctive features that set it apart
from earlier influxes. It appraises the structural context for the
incorporation of today's immigrants and argues that because of
fundamental differences, their assimilation will not be as rapid or
complete as that achieved by European immigrants in the past. The
article concludes by suggesting how the nature of ethnicity will change
as a result of a new immigration that is linguistically concentrated,
geographically clustered, and temporally continuous into an American
society that is increasingly stratified and
unequal."
Correspondence: D. S. Massey, University of
Pennsylvania, Population Studies Center, 3718 Locust Walk,
Philadelphia, PA 19104-6297. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
62:20505 Michel, Philippe; Perrot, Anne;
Thisse, Jacques-François. Interregional equilibrium
with heterogeneous labor. Journal of Population Economics, Vol. 9,
No. 1, Feb 1996. 95-113 pp. New York, New York/Berlin, Germany. In Eng.
"The impact of labor migration on interregional equilibrium is
studied when workers are heterogeneous in productivity and regional
mobility. The skilled respond to market disequilibrium by moving into
the most attractive region. The unskilled are immobile in the short-run
and move with the skilled in the long-run. Both regions have a
neoclassical production function affected by an externality depending
on the number of skilled. Workers move according to the utility
differential when regional amenities vary with population or according
to the wage differential. The equilibrium pattern depends on the
unskilled's mobility and on migration incentives. Typically, regional
imbalance characterizes the equilibrium which is often
suboptimal."
Correspondence: P. Michel, GREQAM-LEQAM,
Château La Farge, Route des Milles, 13390 Les Milles, France.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
62:20506 Muller, Tobias.
Immigration, income distribution, and social welfare.
[Immigration, distribution des revenus et bien-être social.]
Schweizerische Zeitschrift für Volkswirtschaft und Statistik/Revue
Suisse d'Economie Politique et de Statistique/Swiss Journal of
Economics and Statistics, Vol. 131, No. 3, Sep 1995. 517-33 pp. Basel,
Switzerland. In Fre. with sum. in Eng; Ger.
"This paper
explores the consequences of immigration for aggregate income and
income distribution. On the one hand, immigration generally increases
the residents' aggregate income, on the other hand, it makes income
distribution more unequal if immigrants bring little capital with them.
These two effects can be analyzed jointly using a measure of social
welfare. In general, the arrival of immigrants owning little capital
lowers social welfare of residents and immigration of capital-rich
persons increases it."
Correspondence: T. Muller,
Université de Geneve, 3 Place de l'Université, 1211
Geneva 4, Switzerland. Location: Princeton University Library
(PF).
62:20507 Poot, Jacques.
Information, communication and networks in international migration
systems. Annals of Regional Science, Vol. 30, No. 1, 1996. 55-73
pp. Berlin, Germany. In Eng.
"This paper focuses on the role
of information and communication in international migration by means of
a survey which covers economic and broader perspectives, both at the
micro and macro levels. The human capital model of migration is
reviewed and the likely impact of recent and anticipated developments
in telecommunications technology is noted. The job search model is
reformulated in the context of international migration but extensive
modification is required to describe the potential sampling of job
offers and other informational needs of international migrants. It is
argued that spatial selectivity is to a large extent influenced by
migration networks in which information flows play a critical role.
This is further elucidated by offering an analytical framework based on
the systems approach to migration."
Correspondence: J.
Poot, University of Tsukuba, Institute of Socio-Economic Planning,
Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan. Location: Princeton University
Library (PF).
62:20508 Razin, Assaf; Sadka, Efraim.
Resisting migration: wage rigidity and income distribution.
CEPR Discussion Paper, No. 1091, Jan 1995. 18 pp. Centre for Economic
Policy Research [CEPR]: London, England. In Eng.
"Like any
trade activity, migration tends to generate gains to all parties
involved--the migrants as well as the native-born population. With a
mal-functioning labour market, however, migration will exacerbate the
imperfections in the market. Consequently, it may lead to losses to the
native-born population which are typically quite sizeable. Another
economic problem raised by migration is the additional toll imposed on
the welfare-state income-distribution institutions. Being unable to
exclude migrants from the various entitlement programmes and public
services, the modern welfare state can find migration rather costly.
These two economic considerations may help explain the resistance to
migration despite the pure gains-from-trade benefits created by it.
Immigration could be more beneficial to the native-born population when
labour markets are better functioning and the welfare programmes are
less comprehensive."
Correspondence: Centre for
Economic Policy Research, 25-28 Old Burlington Street, London W1X 1LB,
England. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
62:20509 Rodriguez, V.; Aguilera, M. J.;
Gonzalez-Yanci, M. P. Foreign minorities from developing
countries in Madrid. GeoJournal, Vol. 30, No. 3, Jul 1993. 293-300
pp. Dordrecht, Netherlands. In Eng.
"Spain, which has always
been a land of emigrants, is currently a centre of attraction for
immigrants, as are other countries in Mediterranean Europe. The
proportion is not as high as in other countries with a longer tradition
of immigration. In this survey we selected the six nationalities which
provide the highest numbers of immigrants from the developing world,
and which have the greatest racial or cultural contrast to the native
population. We analyse their structural features, whether or not
immigrants from the same country...collect in the Madrid Metropolitan
Area, the recent mobility of the immigrant population, and the
evolution of immigration since the Administration carried out a
regularization process, as well as Spaniards' opinion of foreign
immigrants."
Correspondence: V. Rodriguez, Consejo
Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Centro de Ciencias
Sociales, Pinar 25, 28006 Madrid, Spain. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
62:20510 Sanfilippo, Matteo.
Ecclesiastical sources for the history of emigration and ethnic
groups in North America: United States (1893-1922). [Fonti
ecclesiastiche per lo storia dell'emigrazione e dei gruppi etnici nel
Nord America: gli Stati Uniti (1893-1922).] Studi Emigrazione/Etudes
Migrations, Vol. 32, No. 120, Dec 1995. 604-775 pp. Centro Studi
Emigrazione: Rome, Italy. In Ita.
This is an inventory of Italian
ecclesiastical archives containing data on emigration from Italy to the
United States from 1893 to 1922. The primary focus is on the Vatican
archives, but information on other Roman ecclesiastical archives is
also included.
For a related study concerning emigration to Canada,
see 61:30496.
Correspondence: Centro Studi Emigrazione,
Via Dandolo 58, 00153 Rome, Italy. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
62:20511 Sanfilippo, Matteo. New
studies on population of the North American colonies from the
seventeenth to the nineteenth century and some reflections on migration
in the modern age. [Nuovi studi sul popolamento delle colonie
nordamericane nei secoli XVII-XIX e qualche riflessione sulle
migrazioni in età moderna.] Studi Emigrazione/Etudes Migrations,
Vol. 32, No. 119, Sep 1995. 505-17 pp. Rome, Italy. In Ita. with sum.
in Eng; Fre.
"In recent years, many authors worked on modern
era population movements between 1492 and 1870. American scholars
stressed that the settlement of the North American colonies, during
[the] 17th and 18th centuries, should be considered a form of migration
and should be analysed with the same tools used for the study of the
great migration of the 19th century. Instead European scholars tried to
pinpoint when `old regime' migrations developed into the `great
migration'....This review aims at presenting the most important
European and American publications on this topic and points to the
subjects to be developed."
Correspondence: M.
Sanfilippo, Università degli Studi della Tuscia, Via San
Giovanni Decollato 1, 01100 Viterbo, Italy. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
62:20512 Sarrible, Graciela. The
Mediterranean. Prospects for migration. [El Mediterráneo.
Expectativas de migraciones.] Revista Internacional de
Sociología, Vol. 3, No. 12, Sep-Dec 1995. 97-115 pp. Madrid,
Spain. In Spa. with sum. in Eng.
The author notes that data on
migration in the Mediterranean region are largely inadequate. She views
this inadequacy as due primarily to the illegal nature of a large
number of the international migrations that occur. She analyzes
migration trends from the standpoint of natural increase and the
family. Four distinct regions are identified: Northern Africa, Western
Asia, European Community countries, and other countries of Southern
Europe including Israel. The growing demographic contrast between
countries to the north and south of the Mediterranean is noted and its
consequences for future migration are assessed.
Correspondence:
G. Sarrible, Universidad de Barcelona, Gran Vía de Les
Cortes Catalanes 585, 08007 Barcelona, Spain. Location:
Princeton University Library (PR).
62:20513 Sprangers, A. H. Labor
migration, 1960s vs. 1990s. [Arbeidsmigratie, jaren zestig en
jaren negentig.] Maandstatistiek van de Bevolking, Vol. 43, No. 12,
1995. 16-21 pp. Voorburg, Netherlands. In Dut. with sum. in Eng.
The author reviews labor migration trends in the Netherlands in the
1960s and the 1990s. "In the 1960s and early 1970s foreign
labourers were recruited from Mediterranean countries. The number of
immigrants from these countries, for the major part employed in
industry, exceeded 30 thousand in some years. In the early 1990s labour
migrants were less numerous. [In] the past few years most labour
migrants came from Western European countries and other economically
developed countries, like the United States and
Japan."
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
62:20514 Stupp, Paul W. Estimates
of net migration by age at migration from pairs of enumerations of the
foreign born: United States, 1880-1930. Genus, Vol. 51, No. 3-4,
Jul-Dec 1995. 229-51 pp. Rome, Italy. In Eng. with sum. in Ita; Fre.
"This paper describes a new method for indirectly estimating
age schedules of net migration. The method is illustrated with
historical data for the United States. The analysis employs a recently
developed technique--iterative intracohort interpolation--to estimate
age schedules of net migration from pairs of enumerations of the
foreign born by age. The data required for this application are
enumerations of the foreign born (or more generally of those born
outside the enumeration area) by age in two successive censuses, a life
table presumed to reflect the mortality experience of the foreign born
during the intercensal period, and, optionally, data on variations in
the overall level of migration during the intercensal period. The
procedure provides estimates of the average annual number of foreign
born net migrants during a decade by their age at the time of
entry/exit."
Correspondence: P. W. Stupp, Centers for
Disease Control and Prevention, Division of Reproductive Health, 4770
Buford Highway NE, Atlanta, GA 31341-3724. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
62:20515 Sukhatme, Suhas P. The
real brain drain. ISBN 0-86311-451-2. 1994. ix, 78 pp. Orient
Longman: Bombay, India. In Eng.
The extent of the brain drain from
India to the developed countries of the West is analyzed using data
collected at the Indian Institute of Technology in Bombay. The author
suggests that the real problem concerns quality rather than quantity:
the point at issue is not the annual loss of some 5,000 professionals
each year, but rather the loss of a few hundred of India's most gifted
individuals whose talents the country needs. A program of action to
resolve this problem is outlined.
Correspondence: Orient
Longman, Kamani Marg, Ballard Estate, Bombay 400 038, India.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
62:20516 Sullivan, Teresa A.
Immigration and the ethics of choice. International Migration
Review, Vol. 30, No. 1, Spring 1996. 90-104 pp. Staten Island, New
York. In Eng.
"This paper begins by developing a language for
ethical discourse on immigration and then examining the extent to which
choices may be made at the micro-level and at the macro-level. States
and individuals are examined as actors who are variously described as
making choices or being choiceless. The concepts of cultural distance,
reciprocity, the role of the individual and of the state and their
interrelationships are evaluated in the perspective of choice. Whether
an ethics of immigration can be successfully developed hinges on the
degree of choice that individuals and state have or perceive themselves
to have."
Correspondence: T. A. Sullivan, University
of Texas, Austin, TX 78712-1088. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
62:20517 Todd, Emmanuel. The
destiny of immigrants: assimilation and segregation in the western
democracies. [Le destin des immigrés: assimilation et
ségrégation dans les démocraties occidentales.]
ISBN 2-02-017304-2. Oct 1994. 391 pp. Editions du Seuil: Paris, France.
In Fre.
This is a comparative analysis which offers an
anthropological and historical perspective on the process of immigrant
assimilation in four western societies: the United States, the United
Kingdom, France, and Germany. The consequences of the failure to absorb
immigrant communities successfully are described. The author also notes
that the populations of the European countries considered have very
different attitudes and practices concerning the assimilation of
immigrants. The author perceives these differences as likely to cause
problems in the movement toward greater European
unity.
Correspondence: Editions du Seuil, 27 rue Jacob,
Paris VI, France. Location: Princeton University Library
(FST).
62:20518 Todisco, Enrico.
Immigration: from needs to rights, and from marginalization to
integration. [Immigrazione: dai bisogni ai diritti,
dall'emarginazione all'integrazione.] 1995. 219 pp. Università
degli Studi di Roma La Sapienza, Facoltà di Economia, Sede di
Latina: Latina, Italy. In Ita.
This publication contains nine
papers presented at a conference held in 1993 on aspects of the
immigrant presence in Italy, with particular reference to experiences
in the province of Latina. The focus is on the problems associated with
the integration of immigrants into the labor force, as well as into the
local society in general.
Correspondence: Università
degli Studi La Sapienza, Facoltà di Economia, Sede di Latina,
Viale Le Corbusier, 04100 Latina, Italy. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
62:20519 Tomasi, Silvano M.
Ethics, migration, and global stewardship. International
Migration Review, Vol. 30, No. 1, Spring 1996. 393 pp. Center for
Migration Studies: Staten Island, New York. In Eng.
"In a
period of perhaps systematic transformation--and certainly epochal
change--in which international migration increasingly affects order and
disorder, it seemed imperative to examine the roots of ethical norms
and values pertaining to aliens and refugees. Hence, this [special
issue] begins with assessments of Christian, Jewish, Islamic and
Confucian religious traditions....Connections between ethics and
international migration are then examined through a number of
additional perspectives--the environment, state sovereignty, cultural
pluralism and minority rights, and refugee policy. The resultant
disaggregation reveals the complexity and broader significance of
ethical dilemmas and challenges posed by international
migration."
Selected items will be cited in this or subsequent
issues of Population Index.
Correspondence: Center for
Migration Studies, 209 Flagg Place, Staten Island, NY 10304-1199.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
62:20520 Veugelers, John W. P.; Klassen,
Thomas R. Continuity and change in Canada's
unemployment-immigration linkage (1946-1993). Canadian Journal of
Sociology/Cahiers Canadiens de Sociologie, Vol. 19, No. 3, Summer 1994.
351-77 pp. Edmonton, Canada. In Eng. with sum. in Fre.
"Between 1946 and 1976, variation in unemployment rates
strongly affected the number of immigrants allowed into Canada.
Implementation of the Immigration Act of 1976 should have weakened the
effect of unemployment on immigration, for the Act requires that
immigration levels be set after consideration of demographic as well as
labour market conditions. Our analysis shows the
unemployment-immigration linkage actually strengthened after 1978, and
only weakened significantly after 1989. Since the government's annual
immigration projections are excellent predictors of immigration
landings, we conclude the Canadian state is highly capable of
controlling immigration levels and thus the tightening of the
unemployment-immigration linkage from 1978 to 1989 reflected the choice
of regulators. Discussing future research in this area, we argue that
if the immigration policymaking process was not restructured in the
late 1980s, an adequate model of state-society relations in this area
must account for both continuity and change. However, if the process
was restructured, a revised or new theoretical framework is
needed."
Correspondence: J. W. P. Veugelers,
University of Toronto, Department of Sociology, Toronto, Ontario M5S
1A1, Canada. Location: Princeton University Library (FST).
62:20521 Visser, H. Migration in
the countries of the European Economic Area. [Migratie in de
landen van de Europese Economische Ruimte.] Maandstatistiek van de
Bevolking, Vol. 44, No. 2, Feb 1996. 10-5 pp. Voorburg, Netherlands. In
Dut. with sum. in Eng.
"During the last decade the number of
migrants entering the European Economic Area has increased
considerably. The governments in many countries have responded to this
increase by implementing restrictive immigration policies. Most
countries forecast a decline in net migration." Information is
provided on push and pull factors, net migration, and asylum
applications, and forecasts are made for the years 2000 to
2010.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
62:20522 Voets, Saskia; Schoorl, Jeannette; de
Bruijn, Bart. The demographic consequences of
international migration. NIDI Rapport, No. 44, ISBN 90-70990-58-X.
1995. 430 pp. Netherlands Interdisciplinary Demographic Institute
[NIDI]: The Hague, Netherlands. In Eng.
"This volume contains
a selection of papers presented at an international symposium on the
demographic impact of international migration in Western Europe
(September 1990), organised by the Netherlands Institute for Advanced
Study in the Humanities and Social Sciences (NIAS) and the NIDI. The
aim of the symposium was to further research into the dynamics and
consequences of international migration and to stimulate scientific
discussion, against the background of the socio-political relevance of
the issue. The contributions in Part I deal with a variety of aspects
related to international migration in a comparative perspective: the
(in)comparability of data, definitions, registration procedures, as
well as trends in size and composition of stocks and flows, fertility,
mortality, nuptiality, and naturalisations among immigrant populations.
Part II deals with the effects of international migration on the size,
age structure, and distribution of the population in receiving
countries, against the light of prevailing processes of ageing and
dejuvenation, and associated problems for the labour market and social
security systems. Acknowledging the policy relevance of these issues,
papers on immigration policies and on the methodological aspects of
projecting migration have also been included in this section. Part III
expands the scope of the comparative perspective to three major
immigration countries overseas." These are the United States,
Australia, and Canada.
Correspondence: Netherlands
Interdisciplinary Demographic Institute, P.O. Box 11650, 2502 AR The
Hague, Netherlands. Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
62:20523 Weyerbrock, Silvia. Can
the European Community absorb more immigrants? A general equilibrium
analysis of the labor market and macroeconomic effects of East-West
migration in Europe. Journal of Policy Modeling, Vol. 17, No. 2,
Apr 1995. 85-120 pp. New York, New York. In Eng.
"In this
paper, we analyze the labor market and macroeconomic effects of
immigration of 3.5 and 7 million workers from Eastern Europe and the
former Soviet Union into the European Community (EC) in a six-region,
14-sector computable general equilibrium model. Our experiments show
that labor immigration does not lead to the catastrophic conditions in
EC labor markets feared by EC citizens. This result holds even when
ignoring capital stock growth. Experiments that include capital stock
and labor force growth in the EC show that the EC can absorb 3.5
million immigrants. Seven million immigrants, however, cause some
unemployment and a small loss in per capita income. Other experiments
show that cuts in the order of 1 percent in fixed urban wages
contribute to easing adjustment problems on EC labor markets
substantially. The EC is found to benefit from immigration if wages are
flexible."
Correspondence: S. Weyerbrock, Columbia
University, Department of Economics, 420 West 118th Street, New York,
NY 10027. Location: Princeton University Library (PF).
62:20524 Wooden, Mark; Holton, Robert; Hugo,
Graeme; Sloan, Judith. Australian immigration: a survey of
the issues. 2nd ed. Pub. Order No. 93 23355 8. ISBN 0-644-32665-4.
1994. xv, 407 pp. Bureau of Immigration and Population Research: South
Carlton, Australia; Australian Government Publishing Service: Canberra,
Australia. In Eng.
This is a revised edition of a general review of
immigration in Australia. "It summarises and reviews the research
on immigration and evaluates the impact of immigration on Australia's
society, economy and population. The authors assess the quality of the
research and identify gaps in the literature and future research needs.
A summary and review of the improvements in data sources will be a
useful reference tool for researchers. The book is divided into five
chapters dealing with the demographic and spatial aspects of
immigration to Australia, its economic impact, social aspects, the
labour-market experience of immigrants after arrival, and immigration
policy."
For a previous edition, published in 1990, see
58:30515.
Correspondence: Australian Government Publishing
Service, Commonwealth Information Services, G.P.O. Box 84, Canberra,
ACT 2601, Australia. Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
62:20525 Zimmermann, Klaus F.
Migration and economic development. Population Economics, ISBN
3-540-55557-9. 1992. x, 264 pp. Springer-Verlag: New York, New
York/Berlin, Germany. In Eng.
This is a collection of eight studies
on aspects of international migration from developing countries to the
most developed countries of the world. The book "addresses the
following crucial questions: What causes migration in a rational
framework of decision making? How well do immigrants do in terms of
savings and remittances? What is the impact on sending countries? What
are the options of migration policy? The book discusses new methods to
model these problems, provides empirical findings and gives policy
recommendations."
Correspondence: Springer-Verlag,
Heidelberger Platz 3, 1000 Berlin 33, Germany. Location:
Princeton University Library (FST).
Studies concerned with internal migration.
62:20526 Aubert, Claude. Rural
exodus, agricultural exodus in China, the great change? [Exode
rural, exode agricole en Chine, la grande mutation?] Espace,
Populations, Sociétés, No. 2, 1995. 231-45 pp. Villeneuve
d'Ascq, France. In Fre. with sum. in Eng.
"Controls imposed on
the population of China have long resulted in a delayed process of
urbanization; in the last decade, economic reforms have led to renewed
rural migrations. First, professional mobility has been encouraged by
the development of township and village enterprises. Seasonal
migrations towards the cities are now taking momentum. Do they announce
the major urban mutation implied by the economic development of
China?"
Correspondence: C. Aubert, Institut National
de la Recherche Agronomique, Economie et Sociologie Rurales, 63-65
Boulevard de Brandebourg, 94205 Ivry-sur-Seine, France. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
62:20527 Birg, H.; Flöthmann,
E.-J. Migration of the elderly in North Rhine-Westphalia
and its influence on the demographic aging of the population.
[Migration älterer Menschen in Nordrhein-Westfalen und ihr
Einfluss auf die demographische Alterung der Bevölkerung.]
IBS-Materialien, Vol. 36, ISBN 3-923340-30-3. 1995. 110 pp.
Universität Bielefeld, Institut für
Bevölkerungsforschung und Sozialpolitik [IBS]: Bielefeld, Germany.
In Ger.
Migration of the elderly population in the state of North
Rhine-Westphalia, Germany, is analyzed using official data for the
period 1977-1991. Regional differences are examined, and the
consequences for the process of demographic aging are
assessed.
Correspondence: Universität Bielefeld,
Institut für Bevölkerungsforschung und Sozialpolitik,
Postfach 100131, 33501 Bielefeld, Germany. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
62:20528 Chamratrithirong, Aphichat;
Archavanitkul, Kritaya; Richter, Kerry; Guest, Philip; Thongthai,
Varachai; Boonchalaksi, Wathinee; Piriyathamwong, Nittaya; Vong-Ek,
Panee. National migration survey of Thailand. IPSR
Publication, No. 188, ISBN 974-588-140-6. 1995. xii, 87 pp. Mahidol
University, Institute for Population and Social Research [IPSR]: Nakhon
Pathom, Thailand. In Eng.
Results are presented from a 1992
national survey of migration involving 7,537 households throughout
Thailand. Following introductory chapters on survey methodology, there
are chapters on levels and spatial patterns of migration, migration
differentials, determinants and consequences of migration, and
conclusions and policy implications. The primary focus is on internal
migration.
Correspondence: Mahidol University, Institute
for Population and Social Research, Puthamonthon 4 Road, Salaya, Nakhon
Pathom 73170, Thailand. Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
62:20529 Chan, Kok Eng. Internal
migration in a rapidly developing country: the case of Peninsular
Malaysia. Malaysian Journal of Tropical Geography, Vol. 25, No. 2,
Dec 1994. 69-77 pp. Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. In Eng.
"This
paper discusses the patterns and trends in internal territorial
mobility in Peninsular Malaysia from 1957 [to] the 1980s, focussing
specially on the period of the 1980s." Data are from Peninsular
Malaysian Labour Force Migration Sample Surveys.
Correspondence:
K. E. Chan, University of Malaya, Department of Geography, Lembah
Pantai, 59100 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Location: New York
Public Library, New York, NY.
62:20530 Cooke, Thomas J.; Bailey, Adrian
J. Family migration and the employment of married women
and men. Economic Geography, Vol. 72, No. 1, Jan 1996. 38-48 pp.
Worcester, Massachusetts. In Eng.
"This research reconsiders
the human capital hypothesis that married women have a lower
probability of employment after family migration. The empirical
analysis focuses on a sample of married parents in the economically
active population residing in the midwestern United States in 1980. Our
analysis establishes that, after controlling for the effects of
migration self-selection bias, family migration increases the
probability of employment among married women by 9 percent but has no
effect on the probability of employment among married men. This
research demonstrates the limitations of the human capital model of
family migration and indicates the need for reconceptualizing family
migration behavior."
Correspondence: T. J. Cooke,
University of Connecticut, Department of Geography, Storrs, CT 06269.
Location: Princeton University Library (PF).
62:20531 de Haan, Arjan.
Migration in eastern India: a segmented labour market. Indian
Economic and Social History Review, Vol. 32, No. 1, Jan-Mar 1995. 51-93
pp. New Delhi, India. In Eng.
"This article compares different
migration streams in eastern India in the late nineteenth and early
twentieth centuries, and the different forms of labour recruitment, and
describes the causes behind the segmentation of these streams....The
article focuses on one stream within this complex, migration towards
the industrial area of Calcutta....The first section gives an overview
of migration into Bengal and the various forms of recruitment. The
second discusses the replacement of local labour in the industry, and
it is argued that local labour was not forced out of the industry. In
the third section, the methods of recruitment in the jute industry are
discussed....The fourth part describes the predominant mode of
migration which was and has remained circular, and the fifth part
describes how even the labour process in the industry has been
segmented. The sixth part forms the
conclusion."
Correspondence: A. de Haan, University of
Sussex, Brighton, East Sussex BN1 9QN, England. Location:
Princeton University Library (PF).
62:20532 Dribe, Martin.
Long-range migration in Sweden, 1961-1992. A study of changes in
interregional movements of men between 20 and 29 years of age.
[Långväga flyttningar i Sverige 1961-1992. En studie av
förändringarna i de interregionala flyttningarna for man i
aldern 20-29 år.] Lund Papers in Economic History, No. 38, 1994.
48 pp. Lund University, Department of Economic History: Lund, Sweden.
In Swe.
In Sweden, as in many other countries, a reduction in
interregional labor migration has occurred since the early 1960s. The
purpose of this working paper is to describe the different economic
mechanisms behind this phenomenon in Sweden. A leveling out of
interregional salary differences since the beginning of the 1960s is
interpreted as an important reason for the drop in migration
numbers.
Correspondence: Lund University, Department of
Economic History, P.O. Box 7083, 220 07 Lund, Sweden. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
62:20533 Fan, C. Cindy. Economic
opportunities and internal migration: a case study of Guangdong
Province, China. Professional Geographer, Vol. 48, No. 1, Feb
1996. 28-45 pp. Cambridge, Massachusetts/Oxford, England. In Eng.
"Economic opportunities are considered a primary determinant
of human migration, but their explanatory power in Communist China has
been limited because of strong government intervention in controlling
migration and in planned population transfers. Since the late 1970s,
however, economic reform has brought about changes in China's regional
economies and generated new push and pull forces for migration, and the
relaxation of migration restrictions has created greater opportunities
for nongovernment-induced migration. Using data primarily from the 1990
census, I review the spatial patterns of migration and the
characteristics of the new migrants. A case study of Guangdong Province
reveals that its attractiveness to migrants from other provinces and
its intra-provincial migration patterns are attributable to
differentials in per capita output and foreign investment. The findings
support the argument that China has entered a new era of migration in
which present and expected economic opportunities are important
explanations for the volume and directions of population
movement."
Correspondence: C. C. Fan, University of
California, Department of Geography, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1524.
Location: Princeton University Library (SG).
62:20534 Ghatak, Subrata; Levine,
Paul. A note on migration with borrowing constraints.
Scandinavian Journal of Development Alternatives, Vol. 13, No. 4, Dec
1994. 19-26 pp. Stockholm, Sweden. In Eng.
"This note examines
an important conflict between the theory and evidence on migration in
LDCs. While the Harris-Todaro class of models explain the phenomenon of
migration mainly by expected income differential between the
economically advanced and the backward regions, the actual evidence in
some cases suggests that migration could actually rise following a rise
in income in backward areas. We resolve this puzzle by analysing
migration in the context of the existence of imperfect credit markets
in LDCs. We show that under certain plausible conditions, the rate of
migration from the rural to the urban areas may actually rise when
rural wages rise, as they ease the constraints on borrowing by
potential migrants."
Correspondence: S. Ghatak,
University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester LE1 7RH, England.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPIA).
62:20535 Gibson, James R.
Interregional migration in the USSR, a final update. Canadian
Geographer/Géographe Canadien, Vol. 38, No. 1, Spring 1994.
54-61 pp. Montreal, Canada. In Eng.
"This research note is a
follow-up to a comparative study of Soviet interregional migration
during the years 1971-75 and 1981-85....The recent publication of the
last (and scarce) statistical yearbook for the U.S.S.R....makes it
possible to calculate regional net migration balances for the final
five-year period of the Soviet Union's existence (1986-1990)...on the
basis of the residual method, and to compare the results with those for
1981-85 in the original study. This will be the last such update, not
only because the U.S.S.R. no longer exists and no more Soviet
statistical yearbooks will be issued, but also because the amount of
error entailed by the residual method as a result of increased
emigration would be unacceptable."
Correspondence: J.
R. Gibson, York University, Department of Geography, North York,
Ontario M3J 1P3, Canada. Location: Princeton University
Library (FST).
62:20536 Gordon, Ian. Migration
in a segmented labour market. Transactions of the Institute of
British Geographers, Vol. 20, No. 2, 1995. 139-55 pp. London, England.
In Eng.
"Current research in migration is moving on from
neo-classical and behavioural perspectives to a more structural
approach relating to wider processes, issues of power and the
particular role of employers. Within this programme a key issue for
investigation is the interaction between spatial mobility and the
structuring of labour markets. This paper focuses on the significance
of labour market segmentation--in terms both of job stability and
gender--for migration, both theoretically and through an empirical
analysis of data from the UK Labour Force Survey on sponsored and
unsponsored moves."
Correspondence: I. Gordon,
University of Reading, Department of Geography, Whiteknights, P.O. Box
227, Reading RG6 2AB, England. Location: Princeton University
Library (FST).
62:20537 Huntoon, Laura. Return
migration when savings differ. Journal of Urban Affairs, Vol. 17,
No. 3, 1995. 219-39 pp. Greenwich, Connecticut. In Eng.
"Continuing immigration of low wage and low skill workers to
more developed countries from less developed regions of the world has
become an issue of policy debate. Host countries which do not view
themselves as countries of immigration are eager to develop incentives
which forestall migrants from becoming permanent residents. This paper
reports that return migrants with savings have a higher probability of
settling in birth place regions, which tend to be lagging and less
developed regions. Policies which encourage savings among migrants are
likely to encourage return migration which is spread across regions of
outmigration rather than concentrated in major urban areas. Without
savings, the rate of return to less developed regions would be
extremely low, demonstrating the importance of savings to a pattern of
balanced return migration."
Correspondence: L.
Huntoon, Indiana University, School of Public and Environmental
Affairs, Business/SPEA Building 4066, 801 West Michigan Street,
Indianapolis, IN 46202-5152. Location: Princeton University
Library (UES).
62:20538 Inaba, Hisashi; Mita,
Fusami. Trend analysis for interprefectural migration in
Japan, 1954-1993. Jinko Mondai Kenkyu/Journal of Population
Problems, Vol. 51, No. 2, Jul 1995. 1-19 pp. Tokyo, Japan. In Jpn. with
sum. in Eng.
"In this paper, our main aim is to examine
long-term trends of Japanese interprefectural migration after the War
by using a Markov migration model....We observed dependence of in- and
out-migration on the size of populations by prefecture....Major
findings based on the time-series observation of stationary
distributions by year are as follows: First from [the 1950s] to 1970
migrants tended to concentrate [on] densely populated industrialized
prefectures (Tokyo, Osaka and Aichi), but after that during [the 1970s]
populations have redistributed to provincial prefectures.
Reconcentration of population to [the] Tokyo area again occurred around
[the mid-1980s, but] it ceased at the beginning of the [1990s] in
accordance with economic recession....It can be concluded that [the]
recent Japanese interprefectural migration system has lost its
potential power to redistribute populations."
Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
62:20539 Israel. Central Bureau of Statistics
(Jerusalem, Israel). Internal migration in Israel,
1993. Monthly Bulletin of Statistics, Vol. 46, No. 1, Suppl., Jan
1995. 183-230 pp. Jerusalem, Israel. In Eng; Heb.
Data are
presented on internal migration in Israel in 1993. The data concern the
internal migration of Jews during the period 1984-1993, and internal
migration of both Jews and non-Jews in 1993. Information is included
separately on the internal migration of recent
immigrants.
Correspondence: Central Bureau of Statistics,
Hakirya, Romema, Jerusalem 91130, Israel. Location: Princeton
University Library (FST).
62:20540 Kouaouci, Ali. Female
migration and fertility in Algeria. [Migrations des femmes et
fécondité en Algérie.] Revue du Monde Musulman et
de la Méditerranée, No. 65, 1992-1993. 165-73 pp.
Aix-en-Provence, France. In Fre.
Using data from a national
fertility survey carried out in 1986-1987, this article examines the
relationship between migration and fertility in Algeria. The survey
involved 5,360 households. The focus of the study is on female
migration associated with marriage. The data indicate that one out of
every two women experiences migration in her lifetime, and that most of
these migrations are associated with marriage. The high rate of
rural-to-rural migration is one reason for the continuation of high
levels of fertility.
Location: Princeton University Library
(FST).
62:20541 Manson, Gary A.; Groop, Richard
E. Ebbs and flows in recent U.S. interstate
migration. Professional Geographer, Vol. 48, No. 2, May 1996.
156-66 pp. Cambridge, Massachusetts/Oxford, England. In Eng.
"Interstate migration exchanges in the United States are
temporally and spatially transitory. Both the early and mid-1980s
exhibited significant fluctuations in the origins and destinations of
U.S. migrants, while the late 1980s and early 1990s were even more
unstable. Regions once favored by interstate movers such as the West
and the South, while remaining attractive, showed evidence of declining
favor in the early 1990s. Meanwhile, numerous states in the national
interior regained their attractiveness, including several that gained
net migrants for the first time in decades. California exhibited a
major turnaround in its migration, perturbing the entire U.S. migration
system."
Correspondence: G. A. Manson, Michigan State
University, Department of Geography, East Lansing, MI 48824.
Location: Princeton University Library (SG).
62:20542 Meszaros, Arpad.
Regional population shifts and settlement concentration. [A
nepesseg teruleti atrendezodese es telepulesi koncentracioja.]
Statisztikai Szemle, Vol. 73, No. 7, Jul 1995. 533-42 pp. Budapest,
Hungary. In Hun. with sum. in Eng.
The author analyzes migration
and settlement patterns in Hungary during the past three decades.
"Migration beyond the borders of the counties has been directed
towards mainly Budapest and its conurbation....Significant population
increase took place in Budapest's conurbation due to migration surplus
and high natural increase....In the inter-county migration the most
frequent form was the movement into the neighbouring counties. Both
intra-county migration and that crossing the border of counties have
been directed towards mainly towns and larger
communities."
Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
62:20543 Molho, Ian. Migrant
inertia, accessibility and local unemployment. Economica, Vol. 62,
No. 245, Feb 1995. 123-32 pp. Oxford, England. In Eng.
"A
labour-markets model is constructed in which migration may exhibit
`distance deterrence' and `cumulative inertia'. (Migration
probabilities fall with distance and length of residence,
respectively.) The combination of these two processes yields higher
equilibrium unemployment rates in remote areas. Fewer out-migration
opportunities in remote areas generate longer residence durations which
become self-perpetuating (via cumulative inertia). Such areas
accumulate net in-migrants until the local unemployment rate rises
sufficiently to balance inflows and outflows. In equilibrium, local
unemployment rates compensate for (endogenous) variations in residence
duration. Some evidence is presented for Britain which supports the
prediction of higher unemployment in remote
areas."
Correspondence: I. Molho, University of
Newcastle upon Tyne, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, England.
Location: Princeton University Library (PF).
62:20544 Narayana, M. R.
Continuity of inter-regional migration of workers in India: a
spatio-temporal analysis. Demography India, Vol. 23, No. 1-2,
Jan-Dec 1994. 183-202 pp. Delhi, India. In Eng.
The author develops
"a simple dynamic migration model for the purpose of estimating
the spatio-temporal continuity of [the] migration process. Also, this
paper estimates the dynamic model by standard econometric techniques
and obtains the continuous path of migration for selected years by the
technique of econometric simulation analysis....Estimates of results of
the economic determinants of inter-regional migration of workers in
India are given [and] estimates of the path of spatio-temporal
migration for the period 1971-74 [are
provided]."
Correspondence: M. R. Narayana, Institute
of Social and Economic Change, Population Research Centre, Nagarabhavi,
P.O. Bangalore 560 072, India. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
62:20545 Newbold, K. Bruce; Liaw,
Kao-Lee. Return and onward migrations in Canada,
1976-1981: an explanation based on personal and ecological
variables. Canadian Geographer/Géographe Canadien, Vol. 39,
No. 1, Spring 1995. 16-30 pp. Montreal, Canada. In Eng. with sum. in
Fre.
"This paper applies a three-level nested logit model to
the micro data of the 1981 Canadian census to explain the 1976-81
interprovincial migration choices of the non-natives (those whose
province of residence was different from province of birth), aged 20 to
44, by personal factors and provincial attributes. Important personal
factors include mother tongue, level of education, family type, and
age. Influential provincial attributes include economic variables
(income level, employment growth, and unemployment), distance, and
cultural similarity. The main finding is that not only onward migrants
but also return migrants were sensitive to the interprovincial
variation in economic opportunities."
Correspondence:
K. B. Newbold, University of Illinois, Department of Geography,
Urbana, IL 61801. Location: Princeton University Library (PR).
62:20546 Nicolaas, H. High number
of removals within the Netherlands in 1994. [Record aantal
verhuizingen binnen Nederland in 1994.] Maandstatistiek van de
Bevolking, Vol. 43, No. 12, Dec 1995. 6-15 pp. Voorburg, Netherlands.
In Dut. with sum. in Eng.
"The number of persons moving home
within the Netherlands increased from 1.629 million in 1993 to 1.684
million in 1994. Compared with 1987, the highest point of the eighties,
the 1994 level was 1% higher. During 1994, 788 thousand persons changed
address in family context, whereas 896 thousand persons moved
individually. The moving families counted on average 2.94 persons. For
five provinces internal migration in the period 1990-1994 resulted in
net arrivals of which Felvoland had the highest surplus (33.9
thousand). The other provinces showed net departures, [ranging] from
1,800 for Overjissel to 24,300 for Zuid Holland."
Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
62:20547 Polasek, Vladimir; Pospisil,
Miloslav. Population of the Czech Republic according to
place of birth and of residence. [Obyvatelstvo Ceske Republiky
podle mista bydliste pri narozeni.] Demografie, Vol. 37, No. 3, 1995.
173-83 pp. Prague, Czech Republic. In Cze. with sum. in Eng; Rus.
The authors investigate long-term results of migration flows in the
Czech Republic. Differences are examined according to age, sex, region,
and place of birth.
Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
62:20548 Rogers, Andrei; Wilson, Robin
T. Representing structural change in U.S. migration
patterns. Geographical Analysis, Vol. 28, No. 1, Jan 1996. 1-17
pp. Columbus, Ohio. In Eng.
"This paper focuses on the
identification of three sets of relationships exhibited by a time
series of age-specific national migration rates and multiregional
transition probability matrices: the relationship across time for the
same age group, as defined by period (temporal) transformation
coefficients or matrices; the relationships across age at a particular
moment in time, as defined by age transformation coefficients or
matrices; and the relationships across time and age, as defined by
cohort transformation coefficients or matrices. Given any two of these
relationships one can solve for the third. This feature of
age-period-cohort relationships has a practical application in the
development of improved methods for representing structural change in
migration patterns over time and for indirectly estimating migration
patterns using inadequate data."
Correspondence: A.
Rogers, University of Colorado, Institute of Behavioral Science,
Population Program, Campus Box 484, Boulder, CO 80309-0484.
Location: Princeton University Library (UES).
62:20549 Sandor, Illes. Changes
in the volume of regional mobility. [A teruleti mobilitas
volumenenek valtozasai.] Statisztikai Szemle, Vol. 73, No. 7, Jul 1995.
543-55 pp. Budapest, Hungary. In Hun. with sum. in Eng.
"The
study analyses changes in regional mobility in [Hungary over]
approximately three decades. Different forms of population movement are
taken not as separate phenomena but as [an indication] of their
interrelations and correlations....The study is supplemented with an
accurate bibliography of literature on the
topic."
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
62:20550 Sharma, Hira L.
Geographical mobility and mobility expectancy: trends in the United
States of America, 1956-1987. Genus, Vol. 51, No. 1-2, Jan-Jun
1995. 133-46 pp. Rome, Italy. In Eng. with sum. in Fre; Ita.
"The objective of the present paper is to summarise trends in
geographic mobility and expectancy in the U.S.A. between 1956-1987,
using Current Population Survey (CPS) data and to determine the
responsible factors that can affect mobility rates utilizing logistic
regression based on 1979 and 1980 public use sample tapes data from the
National Health Interview Survey....Mobility rates reveal a general
downward trend in the U.S.A....Overall mobility rates remained rather
constant at slightly less than 20 per cent from the mid fifties to the
mid sixties. This has fallen steadily since 1970 to a relatively low
current rate of about 17 per cent. This rate rose slightly from 1985 to
1987."
Correspondence: H. L. Sharma, JNKVV, College of
Agricultural Engineering, Department of Maths and Statistics, Adhartal,
Jabalpur 482 004, India. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
62:20551 Wan, Guang Hua. Peasant
flood in China: internal migration and its policy determinants.
Third World Quarterly, Vol. 16, No. 2, Jun 1995. 173-96 pp. Abingdon,
England. In Eng.
"Based on a set of micro-level survey data,
this paper...aims at revealing and discussing the facts and patterns of
internal migration in China. Cross-country comparisons will be made
when appropriate. It will become clear that many features of the
Chinese case are unique, and some may be surprising. In particular,
rural-rural migration is found to be positively related to distance
while out- and net migration is negatively related to education. Female
participation in migration is found to be extremely low and the tails
of the age distribution of migrants are remarkably thin. Considerable
effort will be devoted to the explanation of the major findings, though
our ability to do so is limited in some instances because of the
absence of relevant literature and data."
Correspondence:
G. H. Wan, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
Location: Princeton University Library (PF).
Studies on international and internal settlement and resettlement, including programs concerned with refugees and their settlement and with forced migrations.
62:20552 Collinson, Sarah. Visa
requirements, carrier sanctions, "safe third countries" and
"readmission": the development of an asylum "buffer
zone" in Europe. Transactions of the Institute of British
Geographers, Vol. 21, No. 1, 1996. 76-90 pp. London, England. In Eng.
"This paper explores the development of a so-called asylum
`buffer zone' around the eastern frontiers of the west European region
as a result of the Schengen, EU and EFTA member states' introduction of
more restrictive asylum policies during the first half of the 1990s.
Restrictive policies in western Europe are forcing central and east
European states into a `buffer role', obliging them to absorb
asylum-seekers who fail to gain entry into western Europe and/or
restrict asylum-seekers' access to the borders of potential `receiving'
states. In addition to examining the mechanisms by which this `buffer
zone' is developing and questioning what it might mean for future
asylum trends and policies in Europe, the paper considers the wider
questions raised by this development in relation to the changing
geopolitical landscape of Europe, particularly in relation to the
changing political and security relations between western, central and
eastern Europe and the former Soviet
Union."
Correspondence: S. Collinson, Royal Institute
of International Affairs, Chatham House, 10 St. James' Square, London
SW1Y 4LE, England. Location: Princeton University Library
(PR).
62:20553 Kane, Hal. The hour of
departure: forces that create refugees and migrants. Worldwatch
Paper, No. 125, ISBN 1-878071-26-2. LC 95-060294. Jun 1995. 56 pp.
Worldwatch Institute: Washington, D.C. In Eng.
"A volatile
cocktail of pressures has boiled over into wars, famine, and wrenching
poverty to drive four million new refugees from their countries last
year. These pressures also compel about 125 million people to live
outside their countries of birth, and cause tens of millions to move
from countryside to city inside their own countries every year....[The
author] argues that...the underlying pressures that push people from
their homes can be dealt with, and unwanted displacement
reduced....[He] argues forcefully for, and gives examples of,
enlightened economic and social policies around the world aimed at
stemming the tide of the dispossessed."
Correspondence:
Worldwatch Institute, 1776 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington,
D.C. 20036-1904. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
62:20554 Richmond, Anthony H. The
environment and refugees: theoretical and policy issues.
Population Bulletin of the United Nations, No. 39, 1995. 1-17 pp. New
York, New York. In Eng.
"The concept of `environmental
refugee' is not included in the definition of refugee as established by
the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees and its 1967
Protocol, which are the most widely used instruments providing the
basis for granting asylum to persons in need of protection. Yet, it is
increasingly being recognized that environmental factors interact with
political, economic, social and biopsychological factors to generate
mass movements of people which may require a humanitarian response by
the international community. In order to improve our understanding of
the role that environmental factors play in triggering migration, it is
necessary to recognize the multivariate nature of the phenomenon under
consideration, where the difference between internal and international
migration is often accidental and there is a continuum between
proactive and reactive migration."
Correspondence: A.
H. Richmond, York University, Centre for Refugee Studies, 4700 Keele
Street, North York, Toronto, Ontario M3J 1P3, Canada. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
Migration, both internal and international, in which the stay is temporary. Includes return migration, transit migration, commuting, and seasonal migration.
62:20555 Borjas, George J.; Bratsberg,
Bernt. Who leaves? The outmigration of the
foreign-born. Review of Economics and Statistics, Vol. 78, No. 1,
Feb 1996. 165-76 pp. Cambridge, Massachusetts. In Eng.
"This
paper analyzes the return migration of foreign-born persons in the
United States. We argue that return migration may have been planned as
part of an optimal life-cycle residential location sequence. Return
migration also occurs because immigrants based their initial migration
decision on erroneous information about opportunities in the United
States. The study uses the 1980 Census and administrative data from the
Immigration and Naturalization Service. Immigrants tend to return to
wealthy countries which are not too far from the United States.
Moreover, return migration accentuates the type of selection
characterizing the immigrant population left in the United
States."
Correspondence: G. J. Borjas, Harvard
University, 9 Bow Street, Cambridge, MA 02138. Location:
Princeton University Library (PF).
62:20556 Byron, Margaret; Condon,
Stephanie. A comparative study of Caribbean return
migration from Britain and France: towards a context-dependent
explanation. Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers,
Vol. 21, No. 1, 1996. 91-104 pp. London, England. In Eng.
"The
currently dominant element in the labour migration from the Caribbean
to Britain and France is a return flow of migrants. This paper focuses
on the migrations from the Commonwealth and the French Caribbean to
Britain and France respectively. While these migrations are
historically similar in origin, subsequent differences in the colonial
and immigration policies of Britain and France have resulted in
divergent migration trends and experiences. New sources of data are
drawn on in this comparative study of return migration to the
Caribbean, providing up-to-date information on the size and demographic
characteristics of the returnee populations. Equally important to this
study is the section of the migrant population who are likely to remain
in Europe. The authors argue that a comprehensive model of labour
migration would need to incorporate the non-return situation in its
dynamic entirety."
Correspondence: M. Byron,
University of London, King's College, Department of Geography, Strand,
London WC2R 2LS, England. Location: Princeton University
Library (PR).
62:20557 Dozio, Alessandro. 1990
federal population census. Everyday mobility in the five major urban
agglomerations in Switzerland. [Recensement fédéral
de la population 1990. La mobilité quotidienne dans les cinq
grandes agglomérations suisses.] Statistique de la Suisse, ISBN
3-303-11155-3. 1995. 99 pp. Bundesamt für Statistik: Bern,
Switzerland. In Fre. with sum. in Ger.
This report uses data from
the 1990 census to examine commuting patterns in the five major urban
areas of Switzerland. The author describes how commuting has grown and
developed since 1950. The methods of transport chosen and the
characteristics of commuters are analyzed.
Correspondence:
Bundesamt für Statistik, Hallwylstrasse 15, 3003 Bern,
Switzerland. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
Migration from rural to urban areas (the rural exodus), both internal and international. Reverse or turnaround migration is also included.
62:20558 Dharmaraj, S. Migration
and development. 1993. 191 pp. Emerald Publishers: Madras, India.
In Eng.
This is a case study of the impact of an industrial estate
in India on rural-urban migration. The study also examines the impact
of such migration on the standard of living of the migrants concerned.
The examples studied are the Guindy and Ambattur industrial estates in
Madras.
Correspondence: Emerald Publishers, 135 Annasalai,
Madras 600 002, India. Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
62:20559 Huq-Hussain, Shahnaz.
Modernization of the migrant women in Dhaka, Bangladesh: analysis
of some demographic variables. GeoJournal, Vol. 35, No. 4, Apr
1995. 531-8 pp. Dordrecht, Netherlands. In Eng.
"In this paper
an attempt [has] been made to analyze...demographic variables as signs
of urban adaptation by poor females as a result of the influence of
migration. In other words, it does not emphasise the demographic
structure of migrant women but analyses their changing attitudes and
adaption to selected demographic variables in the city of Dhaka
[Bangladesh]....The present study relies entirely upon field data that
[was] collected during 1988....It may be concluded from the findings of
the present research that a higher proportion of the migrants in
general and recent migrants in particular come from nuclear
families....In terms of family size, the respondents showed their
preference for smaller families."
Correspondence: S.
Huq-Hussain, Dhaka University, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh. Location:
University of Minnesota Library, Minneapolis, MN.
62:20560 Iwunor, Charles C. O.
Estimation of parameters of the inflated geometric distribution for
rural out-migration. Genus, Vol. 51, No. 3-4, Jul-Dec 1995. 253-60
pp. Rome, Italy. In Eng.
"Several attempts have been made in
the past at studying trends in rural-urban migration through the use of
probability models....In this paper, an alternative method (based on
maximum likelihood) of estimating the parameters of the inflated
geometric distribution is proposed....Section 2 describes the model.
The method of estimating the parameters and the associated
variance-covariance matrix is contained in section 3. Section 4 gives
an illustrative example. Section 5 contains the conclusion." Data
are from a 1978 survey conducted in three types of villages in
India.
Correspondence: C. C. O. Iwunor, University of
Ibadan, Department of Statistics, Ibadan, Nigeria. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
62:20561 Pandey, Himanshu. A
study of probabilistic modeling in an out-migration system.
[Studium modelowania probabilistycznego w systemie odplywów
migracyjnych.] Biuletyn IGS, Vol. 38, No. 1-2, 1995. 145-8 pp. Warsaw,
Poland. In Pol. with sum. in Eng; Rus.
"In India where about
80 percent of people live in villages, the migration from rural areas
has...a special significance. The author presents a probability model
which can be used in the analysis
of...out-migration."
Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
62:20562 Vignikin, Kokou.
Economic resources and the demographic behavior of agricultural
households: the example of the Ewe of southern Togo. [Ressources
économiques et comportements démographiques des
ménages agricoles: le cas des Ewé du Sud-Togo.] Les
Dossiers du CEPED, No. 37, ISBN 2-87762-084-0. Mar 1996. 35 pp. Centre
Français sur la Population et le Développement [CEPED]:
Paris, France. In Fre. with sum. in Eng.
This monograph uses data
from a survey undertaken in southwestern Togo in 1988. The survey
involved 244 rural agricultural households. The data are used to
examine the relationships among agricultural activity, reproductive
behavior, and migration to the city. "The empirical results show
that the cumulation of small-scale farming, relatively large household
sizes and a young age structure, together with the economic policy of
the government in terms of agricultural prices, weaken households'
ability to provide for their own needs. Migration of the young adults
to the urban areas is largely explained by such
factors."
Correspondence: Centre Français sur
la Population et le Développement, 15 rue de l'Ecole de
Médecine, 75270 Paris Cedex 06, France. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
62:20563 Wegren, Stephen K. Rural
migration and agrarian reform in Russia: a research note.
Europe-Asia Studies, Vol. 47, No. 5, Jul 1995. 877-88 pp. Abingdon,
England. In Eng.
This study focuses primarily on trends in
rural-urban migration in Russia and the former Soviet Union. "New
data suggest that a historic shift in migration patterns is underway in
Russia, a change that may have profound long-term effects on agrarian
reform and the nature of the Russian countryside. We begin with a short
review of past rural migration trends and the rural demographic
situation, in part using archival data for an oblast in central Russia.
We will then present new data on rural migration. Finally, we assess
the implications of rural migratory trends for agrarian reform in
Russia."
Correspondence: S. K. Wegren, Southern
Methodist University, Department of Political Science, Dallas, TX
75275. Location: Princeton University Library (PR).