M. Policies

M.1. General Population Policy and Legislation

54:40746 Baldwin, C. Stephen. Peopling population. Populi, Vol. 15, No. 3, Sep 1988. 34-7 pp. New York, New York. In Eng.
The author develops the argument that it is necessary to bring demographic data into the development process even if the governments involved are not concerned with influencing population trends through population policies.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

54:40747 Benedick, Richard E. Population-environment linkages and sustainable development. Populi, Vol. 15, No. 3, Sep 1988. 14-21 pp. New York, New York. In Eng.
The author develops the argument that "population and evironmental policies should be integrated because the problems of poverty, population, natural resources and the environment are closely related." He notes that although several international conferences have reached this conclusion, the impact on national development strategies to date has been minimal.
Correspondence: R. E. Benedick, Conservation Foundation, 1717 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, D.C. 20037. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

54:40748 Bodrowa, Walentyna. Socioeconomic problems of young families. Analysis of the efficiency and effectiveness of demographic policy measures as exemplified by European Socialist countries. [Problemy spoleczno-ekonomiczne mlodych rodzin. Analiza skutecznosci polityki demograficznej w Europejskich krajach socjalistycznych.] Studia Demograficzne, No. 4/90, 1987. 3-22 pp. Warsaw, Poland. In Pol. with sum. in Eng; Rus.
Family policies in the Socialist countries of Europe are analyzed. Measures designed to assist working mothers are reviewed, including maternal leave, child care, and kindergartens. Government financial support for children and the provision of housing for young families is also discussed. Finally, the author reviews what additional services are required to enable young mothers to realize their desired family size.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

54:40749 Committee for International Cooperation in National Research in Demography [CICRED] (Paris, France). Population variables in the planning process: interim meeting, Rabat (Morocco), March 9th-12th, 1987. [Variables demographiques dans la planification: reunion intermediaire, Rabat (Maroc), 9-12 mars 1987.] Vol. 3 bis, 1988. 159 pp. Paris, France. In Eng; Fre.
These are the proceedings of an international seminar sponsored jointly by the U.N. Population Division, UNFPA, and CICRED, which was hosted by the Government of Morocco in Rabat in March 1987. The focus of the conference was the integration of population variables into the socioeconomic development planning process. The complete text is provided in both English and French. The report includes a list of the participating institutions and of the research projects underway or under review at those institutions.
Correspondence: CICRED, 27 Rue du Commandeur, 75675 Paris Cedex 14, France. Location: Population Council Library, New York, NY.

54:40750 Gauvreau, Danielle. Between wait-and-see and panic: some remarks on Quebec's demographic situation. [Entre l'attentisme et l'alarmisme: propos sur la conjoncture demographique quebecoise.] Cahiers Quebecois de Demographie, Vol. 17, No. 1, Spring 1988. 23-33 pp. Montreal, Canada. In Fre. with sum. in Eng; Spa.
"Discussions on the present demographic situation of Quebec and the industrialized countries are mainly centered around a few major themes, almost always the same. This paper suggests that some other aspects, often neglected, should also be taken into account, and concludes that--in order to be realistic--a possible population policy for Quebec should not be defined in terms of numbers to be reached, but rather in relation with the conditions wherein the population lives and reproduces itself."
Correspondence: D. Gauvreau, SOREP, Universite du Quebec, 555 Boulevard de l'Universite, Chicoutimi, Quebec J9X 5E4, Canada. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

54:40751 He, Yan. A review of studies on population development strategies. Population Research, Vol. 4, No. 4, Oct 1987. 15-21 pp. Beijing, China. In Eng.
The author reviews recent literature on population development strategies in China. Aspects considered include the concepts and characteristics of such strategies, the objective basis for policy development and implementation, the relationship between demographic and socioeconomic development strategies, and China's current demographic situation and possible policy options.
This is a translation of the Chinese article in Renkou Yanjiu (Beijing, China), No. 1, 1987.
Correspondence: Y. He, Population Office, Hubei Provincial Academy of Social Sciences, Hubei Province, China. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

54:40752 Hohn, Charlotte. Family policy implications of the family life cycle concept. Materialien zur Bevolkerungswissenschaft, No. 56, 1988. 171-202 pp. Wiesbaden, Germany, Federal Republic of. In Eng.
The author examines the implications of using the classic family life cycle concept for the development of family policy. She reviews worldwide research on the family life cycle, and discusses problems arising from the tendency to assume that most families resemble an ideal family type.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

54:40753 Morrison, Peter A. The current demographic context of federal social programs. Rand Note, No. N-2785-HHS/NICHD, Sep 1988. ix, 14 pp. Rand Corporation: Santa Monica, California. In Eng.
The author "reviews ongoing demographic changes [in the United States] and considers their implications for social legislation and public programs. The two areas of consequence highlighted are the altered family circumstances of children and the aging of the American population." The impact of these changes on the provision of care for children and the elderly is discussed. Data are from official sources.
Correspondence: Rand Corporation, P.O. Box 2138, Santa Monica, CA 90406-2138. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

54:40754 Nassar, Heba. An introductory note on population policies and inequality with emphasis on Egypt. In: Studies in African and Asian Demography: CDC Annual Seminar, 1987. CDC Research Monograph Series, No. 17, 1988. 317-46 pp. Cairo Demographic Centre: Cairo, Egypt. In Eng.
Population policies in Egypt and their effect on both social inequality and fertility are examined using a variety of official and other published data. Inequality is defined by the author as unequal access to education, health, public services, and employment opportunities. Data are provided in tabular form concerning mean number of children ever born among married Egyptian women by socioeconomic characteristics and place of residence, per capita public expenditure on population programs for selected countries, quality of life indexes, female school enrollment, industrial investment, population distribution, and public and private housing for governorates of Egypt.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

54:40755 Piderit, John J. Values, population, and international responsibility. In: World population trends and their impact on economic development, edited by Dominick Salvatore. 1988. 211-24 pp. Greenwood Press: Westport, Connecticut/London, England. In Eng.
This chapter is concerned with the responsibility of wealthy countries toward the formulation and implementation of population policies in developing countries. The moral issues involved are first reviewed. The utilitarian, or economic, approach to the analysis of the relationship between population and development is then considered, and the Heckscher-Ohlin and Keynesian growth models are introduced. The author concludes that although developed countries have a right to offer assistance to developing countries to help reduce their rate of population growth, the most effective intervention is likely to be in easing market conditions for trade between the countries concerned rather than in supporting family planning programs.
Correspondence: J. J. Piderit, Department of Economics, Fordham University, Fordham Road, Bronx, NY 10458. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

54:40756 Qiao, Xiaochun. Inquiry into the research method behind our strategy of population development. Renkou Yanjiu, No. 6, Sep 29, 1986. 6-10 pp. Beijing, China. In Chi.
This is a critique of research on which the strategy of China's current population planning is based. The author states that the research process should be more multidimensional, involving both qualitative and quantitative aspects, static and dynamic analyses, and both macro- and micro-level analysis. The strategy should also take into consideration political as well as socioeconomic factors. The article concludes with a summary of macro- and micro-level plans for the country's future population development.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

54:40757 Roussel, Louis; Thery, Irene. France: demographic change and family policy since World War II. Journal of Family Issues, Vol. 9, No. 3, Sep 1988. 336-53 pp. Newbury Park, California. In Eng.
Major demographic trends and changes in family policy in France since World War II are analyzed, with a focus on fertility and marriage patterns (including divorce). The effects of political and economic factors on family policy and legislation since 1945 are also discussed. Data are from official and other published sources.
Correspondence: I. Thery, Centre de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Vaucresson, 54 Rue de Garches, 92429 Vaucresson, France. Location: Princeton University Library (PR).

54:40758 Trebici, Vladimir. Demography between science and social action. [Demografia intre stiinta si actiune sociala.] Viitorul Social, Vol. 81, No. 1, Jan-Feb 1988. 69-74 pp. Bucharest, Romania. In Rum.
Current demographic trends in Romania are reviewed using official data up to 1985. Factors considered include the rise in mortality, a modest increase in fertility, rapid demographic aging, and high rates of divorce. However, the author is critical of the lack of progress in Romanian demography in recent years. He points out that the goals of Romanian population policy--increased fertility, decreased mortality, and improvement of the age and sex distribution of the population--will not be easily reached without demographic reserch.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

54:40759 United Nations. Department of International Economic and Social Affairs (New York, New York). Case studies in population policy: Brazil. Population Policy Paper, No. 17; ST/ESA/SER.R/84, 1988. vii, 42 pp. New York, New York. In Eng.
"This publication is one in a series of country case studies being prepared by the Population Division of the Department of International Economic and Social Affairs of the United Nations Secretariat that [focuses] on selected issues in the formulation, implementation and evaluation of population policies in various developing and developed countries." The report includes reviews of Brazil's current demographic situation in the historical context, of population policy issues, and of the philosophy toward economic and social intervention. Demographic trends are then examined with regard to their impact on socioeconomic development and population policy. Finally, current population policy is analyzed concerning fertility and population growth, spatial distribution, and mortality and health.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

54:40760 United Nations. Department of International Economic and Social Affairs (New York, New York). Case studies in population policy: Nigeria. Population Policy Paper, No. 16; ST/ESA/SER.R/83, 1988. vi, 38 pp. New York, New York. In Eng.
This is one in a series of case studies focusing on issues in the formulation, implementation, and evaluation of population policies in selected countries. The present report concerns Nigeria. A brief history of censuses and vital statistics is provided, and recent population trends are outlined. The bulk of the report consists of a review of population policy up to 1984 and an evaluation of the current population policy, adopted in 1988.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

54:40761 United Nations. Secretariat (New York, New York). The World Population Plan of Action and the regional commissions. Population Bulletin of the United Nations, No. 23-24, 1987. 76-86 pp. New York, New York. In Eng.
"This article deals with the substantive contributions of the regional commissions to the last two population conferences, the World Population Conference (Bucharest, 1974), where the World Population Plan of Action was adopted, and the International Conference on Population (Mexico City, 1984), where the experience in applying Plan of Action was assessed and a set of recommendations for the further implementation of the Plan was adopted."
Correspondence: Population Division, U.N. Department of International Economic and Social Affairs, United Nations Secretariat, New York, NY 10017. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

M.2. Measures Affecting Fertility

54:40762 Auvinen, Riitta. The conflicts and harmony between taxation and family policy in Finland. Yearbook of Population Research in Finland, Vol. 26, 1988. 22-5 pp. Helsinki, Finland. In Eng.
The role of taxation policy in Finland in influencing fertility is discussed using published data for 1984 on family characteristics and relative tax burdens. The author does not find evidence of a coherent tax policy favoring families with children and suggests that if such a family policy is desired, a coordinated range of tax reforms is necessary.
Correspondence: R. Auvinen, Population Research Insititute, Kalevankatu 16, SF-00100 Helsinki, Finland. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

54:40763 Cagiano de Azevedo, Raimondo. Discussion on the policies aimed at increasing fertility. Proceedings, Session F. 16, IUSSP XX General Conference. [Debat sur les politiques destinees a accroitre la fecondite. Actes, Session F. 16, XX Congres General de l'UIESP.] Dec 1986. 143 pp. Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Ricerche sulla Popolazione: Rome, Italy. In Eng; Fre.
This publication includes both the invited and contributed papers presented at a session concerning policies aimed at increasing fertility in low-fertility countries. The seminar was held at the Twentieth General Congress of the International Union for the Scientific Study of Population (IUSSP) in Florence, Italy, in 1985. The papers, which are in English or French, examine topics such as how to evaluate the effect of pronatalist policies and the conditions for their effectiveness, as well as case studies concerning Hungary, the Netherlands, and Israel.
Correspondence: Istituto di Ricerche sulla Popolazione, Viale Beethoven 56, 00144 Rome, Italy. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

54:40764 Canesqui, Ana M. Family planning in government plans. [Planejamento familiar nos planos governamentais.] Revista Brasileira de Estudos de Populacao, Vol. 2, No. 2, Jul-Dec 1985. 1-20 pp. Sao Paulo, Brazil. In Por. with sum. in Eng.
The position of the Brazilian government concerning population policy and family planning is described, with an emphasis on changes in such policies during the period 1963-1983. It is also shown how policy and practice concerning family planning have been linked to the evolution of economic development models and to state intervention in health programs.
Correspondence: A. M. Canesqui, Departamento de Medicina Preventiva e Social, Faculdade de Ciencias Medicas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Caixa Postal 1170, Campinas, SP, Brazil. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

54:40765 Chamie, Joseph. Government positions and policies concerning fertility and family planning. [Les positions et politiques gouvernementales en matiere de fecondite et de planification familiale.] In: Population et societes en Afrique au sud du Sahara, edited by Dominique Tabutin. 1988. 167-90 pp. Editions l'Harmattan: Paris, France. In Fre.
Trends in population policies of Sub-Saharan African countries from the 1971 Accra conference to the 1984 Arusha conference are reviewed. Data are primarily from surveys conducted by the United Nations. The author concludes that there has been a slow but significant change toward general acceptance of the idea that rapid population growth and high fertility are causes for concern rather than reasons for celebration.
Correspondence: J. Chamie, Population Division, United Nations, New York, NY 10017. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

54:40766 Gerard, Hubert. Possibilities and limits of pronatalist policies in the Western world: possible fields of intervention and determinants of fertility. [Possibilites et limites des politiques natalistes en Occident: lieux d'action possible et determination de la fecondite.] Cahiers Quebecois de Demographie, Vol. 17, No. 1, Spring 1988. 7-21 pp. Montreal, Canada. In Fre. with sum. in Eng; Spa.
"Two questions are discussed in this paper: (1) what are, according to theory, the possible fields of intervention if one wants to act on the determinants of fertility? (2) according to those theories which seem to be validated by empirical analysis, what are the main determinants of the present fertility trend, on which it would be necessary to act in order to stop the decline and obtain an upward movement? The author concludes that, according to the present state of knowledge, a pronatalist policy is out of reach, except as a mere experimental exercise."
Correspondence: H. Gerard, Institut de Demographie, Universite Catholique de Louvain, Place de l'Universite 1, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

54:40767 Hohn, Charlotte. Population policies in advanced societies: pronatalist and migration strategies. European Journal of Population/Revue Europeenne de Demographie, Vol. 3, No. 3-4, Jul 1988. 459-81 pp. Amsterdam, Netherlands. In Eng. with sum. in Fre.
"This paper discusses pronatalist and migration policies that have been introduced in selected European countries. Measures and objectives are briefly described before an evaluation of the efficacy of each is provided. The case studies chosen show that pronatalist policies have had limited effects. Migration policies seem to have been more effective, although their aims so far have been largely non-demographic....Both pronatalist and migration strategies tend to conflict with other policies (social and economic policies, emancipation or housing policies), and to be in competition with the demands of an ageing society. Limits to the development or expansion of either strategy are spelled out."
Correspondence: C. Hohn, Bundesinstitut fur Bevolkerungsforschung, Postfach 55 28, D-6200 Wiesbaden, Federal Republic of Germany. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

54:40768 Saw, Swee-Hock. Towards a stationary population in Singapore. Asia-Pacific Journal of Public Health, Vol. 1, No. 2, 1987. 44-8 pp. Hong Kong. In Eng.
Measures adopted in Singapore to achieve a stationary population are analyzed. The author describes "the methodology used to simulate such a stationary population and [discusses] the results and implications of the simulation exercise." It is noted that in order to attain its target of a stationary population of approximately 3.4 million by 2030, it will be necessary to relax current antinatalist policies and to encourage an increase in fertility to replacement levels.
Correspondence: S.-H. Saw, Department of Economics and Statistics, National University of Singapore, Kent Road, Singapore 0511. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

54:40769 United States. Congress. House. Committee on Science and Technology (Washington, D.C.). Oversight trip to China and Hong Kong: report to the Committee on Science and Technology, U.S. House of Representatives, Ninety-Ninth Congress, second session. Serial, No. GG, Pub. Order No. 87-240-P. LC 87-602175. Dec 1987. ix, 80 pp. Washington, D.C. In Eng.
This is a report on a fact-finding trip to China by members of the U.S. House of Representatives Committee on Science and Technology. Among other things, the delegation met with government officials to discuss allegations that coercion and forced abortion were being used to reduce the rate of population growth. "This report offers important information that runs counter to charges that the Chinese government employs a program of coerced abortion and infanticide to implement its family planning program."
Location: U.S. Library of Congress, Washington, D.C.

54:40770 Zou, Ping. The review and discussion of changes in China's population policy during the early years of the People's Republic. Population Research, Vol. 4, No. 4, Oct 1987. 1-8 pp. Beijing, China. In Eng.
The author reviews changes in China's population policy during the period 1949-1956, with a focus on changes in attitudes toward ideal family size and the resulting policy changes.
This is a translation of the Chinese article in Renkou Yanjiu (Beijing, China), No. 6, 1986.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

M.3. Measures Affecting Migration

54:40771 Fan, C. Cindy. The temporal and spatial dynamics of city-size distributions in China. Population Research and Policy Review, Vol. 7, No. 2, 1988. 123-57 pp. Dordrecht, Netherlands. In Eng.
"This paper aims at evaluating the effectiveness of China's urban policies by investigating the temporal and spatial dynamics of the size distribution of China's cities during the period 1922-82. The research framework--which is based on a function relating population size to rank--is used to test for trends of deconcentration (where smaller cities grow faster than larger cities) and spatial decentralization (with a more even spatial distribution) of population over the study period....The findings show that from 1953 to 1970 there was significant population deconcentration, which appeared to be reversed subsequently. However, policies of spatial decentralization were not found to be successful. Among the reasons suggested for the apparent failure are political upheavals and shifts in policies, the inertia within the urban system, the harsh physical environment in the interior, and current trends in economic policies that focus on the coastal areas."
Correspondence: C. C. Fan, Department of Geography, Ohio State University, 190 North Oval Mall, Columbus, OH 43210-1361. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

54:40772 Foot, David K. Population aging and immigration policy in Canada: implications and prescriptions. [Vieillissement de la population et politique canadienne d'immigration: repercussions et recommandations.] Population Working Paper, No. 1, Pub. Order No. WH-5-098. Aug 1986. [53] pp. Employment and Immigration Canada, Policy and Program Development, Immigration: Ottawa, Canada. In Eng; Fre.
The author examines the impact of demographic aging on Canada's immigration policy. The first part of the paper is concerned with the introduction of age considerations into Canada's immigration program. "The next three sections of the paper briefly review recent historical and projected immigration, demographic and labour market developments in Canada. This is followed by an integrated evaluation of these trends and their likely implications. A prescription for future immigration policy is then developed based on these findings. A final section summarizes the main conclusions."
Correspondence: Employment and Immigration Canada, Place du Portage, Phase IV, 140 Promenade du Portage, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0J9, Canada. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

54:40773 Hersak, G. A.; Francolini, S. Immigration of children as a response to demographic concerns. [L'immigration des enfants: une solution aux preoccupations demographiques.] Population Working Paper, No. 3, Pub. Order No. WH-5-110. ISBN 0-662-55541-4. 1987. [78] pp. Employment and Immigration Canada, Policy and Program Development, Immigration: Ottawa, Canada. In Eng; Fre.
The possible effects of demographic aging in Canada on its immigration policy are explored, with a focus on the need to increase the segment of the population under age 21. "The present paper has been prepared to address whether an age related demographic problem exists in Canada and whether or not immigration might be a suitable tool for dealing with the problem." Data are from official sources and concern population characteristics, fertility, and abortion rate.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

54:40774 Poinard, Michel. Policy of a country of origin: Portugal. [La politique d'un pays d'origine: le Portugal.] Revue Europeenne des Migrations Internationales, Vol. 4, No. 1-2, 1988. 187-202 pp. Poitiers, France. In Fre. with sum. in Eng; Spa.
Portuguese international migration policy is analyzed with a focus on the migration of Portuguese citizens to the rest of Europe. In particular, the author examines Portuguese efforts to avoid the negative consequences of policies to halt immigration in the early 1970s that were instituted by many of the countries that had previously welcomed immigrants to the labor force. Endeavors to organize the Portuguese abroad and to preserve their link to their country of origin are also described.
Correspondence: M. Poinard, UER de Geographie, Universite de Toulouse Le Mirail, 5 bis Allee Antonio Machado, 31058 Toulouse Cedex, France. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

54:40775 Quesnel, Andre. Government policies on migration and spatial distribution. [Les politiques gouvernementales de migrations ou de repartition de la population.] In: Population et societes en Afrique au sud du Sahara, edited by Dominique Tabutin. 1988. 401-19 pp. Editions l'Harmattan: Paris, France. In Fre.
The historical background to current problems in the spatial distribution of population in Africa South of the Sahara is first described. Policies concerning international and internal migration are then reviewed. Consideration is given to efforts to decrease the flow of migration to the capital cities. Governments' growing acceptance of the need for migration policies to control the rate of population growth is briefly considered.
Correspondence: A. Quesnel, ORSTOM, Departement B Milieux et Societes, 213 Rue Lafayette, 75010 Paris, France. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

54:40776 Richardson, Harry W. National urban policies and the costs and benefits of urbanization. In: World population trends and their impact on economic development, edited by Dominick Salvatore. 1988. 95-106 pp. Greenwood Press: Westport, Connecticut/London, England. In Eng.
"The aim of this chapter is to review what we know and do not know about urbanization costs and benefits in the context of population distribution patterns and the debate about how much these are amenable to policy influence." The primary geographic focus is on developing countries.
Correspondence: H. W. Richardson, State University of New York, Department of Economics, Albany, NY 12203. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

54:40777 Ritzen, Jozef M. M.; van Dalen, Hendrik P. The economic consequences of selective immigration policies. Jul 1988. 26 pp. Erasmus University: Rotterdam, Netherlands. In Eng.
"The policy alternative of a selective immigration policy is studied here with a two-country economic growth model: one country is rich, with a low rate of population growth. The other is poor with a high population growth rate. The model distinguishes three factors of production (physical capital, skilled and unskilled labour). With a constant-returns-to-scale technology the factors are employed to produce one good. The welfare effects are considered both for the country of emigration and of immigration....The analysis shows that migration of skilled labour between countries with different population growth rates has three effects. These are the effects of changes in the effective population growth rate, a free rider effect in the country of immigration and a capital substitution effect. The latter implies that physical capital investment by rich countries in poor countries declines with immigration. The net result of these effects in terms of welfare of each of the countries and total world welfare depends heavily on the technologies in use and the cost of training."
Correspondence: Faculty of Economics, Erasmus University, P.O. Box 1738, 3000 DR Rotterdam, Netherlands. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

54:40778 Samuel, T. J. Family class immigrants to Canada, 1981-1984: Part 2: some aspects of social adaptation. International Migration/Migrations Internationales/Migraciones Internacionales, Vol. 26, No. 3, Sep 1988. 287-99 pp. Geneva, Switzerland. In Eng. with sum. in Fre; Spa.
The author assesses aspects of Canada's Family Class immigration policy. "The purpose of this paper is to report the major findings of the adaptation of Family Class immigrants in areas such as acquisition of language proficiency, geographic mobility, education and training, government services used and sponsorship of other Family Class immigrants....The sampling design consisted of a random systematic selection of immigration records stratified by age, sex, location and year of entry to Canada."
For Part 1, also published in 1988, see 54:30490.
Correspondence: T. J. Samuel, Employment and Immigration Canada, Place du Portage, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0J9, Canada. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

54:40779 Taylor, Chris. Demography and immigration in Canada: challenge and opportunity. [Population et immigration au Canada: defis et possibilites.] Pub. Order No. WH-5-109. Nov 1987. [52] pp. Canada Employment and Immigration Commission, Immigration Policy Development, Immigration Group: Ottawa, Canada. In Eng; Fre.
"The purposes of this paper are to: i) Place an historical context on the Canadian Federal Government's current perception of the need to create a much stronger linkage between the setting of immigration levels and longer-term demographic and economic considerations; ii) Indicate the specific migration and demographic conditions of the 1980s in Canada that contributed to...the use of a demographic rationale to expand immigration in 1986 and 1987; and, iii) Outline...some of the key considerations that will need to be considered in the recently announced Demographic Review to be undertaken in Health and Welfare Canada."
Correspondence: Employment and Immigration Canada, Place du Portage, Phase IV, 140 Promenade du Portage, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0J9, Canada. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

54:40780 Yeboah, Yaa F. The crisis of international migration in an integrating West Africa: a case study of Nigeria and Ghana. Afrique et Developpement/Africa Development, Vol. 11, No. 4, 1986. 217-56 pp. Dakar, Senegal. In Eng. with sum. in Fre.
The mass expulsions of illegal immigrants that have taken place in recent years in Western Africa are examined, with particular reference to those in Ghana in 1969 and Nigeria in 1983. The author considers "the context within which they have taken place, including some of the longterm causes, and the systematic nature of the migrations which preceded them; the ways in which these have been handled by the states concerned; and their implications for the rights and status of migrants as a particular form of exploited labour within the development process in the subregion."
Location: Princeton University Library (FST).