Studies concerned with the relations between population factors as a whole and economic aspects. Relations affecting a single demographic variable and economic factors are coded under the variable concerned and cross-referenced to this division, if appropriate.
Studies concerned equally with economic and social development. Most studies on the microeconomics of the family will be found in G.2. Family and Household and cross-referenced to this division, if appropriate.
Studies on economic and social development with a worldwide emphasis, together with those with no geographical emphasis.
65:41308 de Sherbinin, Alex. Two
threats to global security. In: People and their planet: searching
for balance, edited by Barbara S. Baudot and William R. Moomaw. 1999.
232-50 pp. St. Martin's Press: New York, New York; Macmillan Press:
Basingstoke, England. In Eng.
The author makes the case that
population growth and patterns of economic globalization (as manifested
by consumption, trade, and the growing power of multinational
corporations) may have grave and unforeseen consequences for the
environment and humankind. The prospects for change to an alternative
future that is based on simpler lifestyles, greater equity, meaningful
work, and social justice are reviewed.
Correspondence: A.
de Sherbinin, World Conservation Union, Avenue du Mont-Blanc, 1169
Gland, Switzerland. Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
65:41309 Mason, Andrew.
Population and economic growth in East Asia. East-West Center
Working Papers, Population Series, No. 88-25, Nov 1999. 54 pp.
East-West Center: Honolulu, Hawaii. In Eng.
"The connection
between demographic change and economic development in East Asia is the
subject of this volume. Two broad sets of issues are addressed. First,
did rapid demographic change contribute to East Asian economic
development? Specifically, what aspects of the region's development
were influenced by demographic trends--economic growth, inequality, the
economic status of women? What were the mechanisms through which
population influenced the East Asian economies? What institutional,
political, social, and economic features conditioned the influence of
population on development? Does the East Asian experience provide
useful lessons for other developing countries, or is its experience
unique? Second, what was the role of population policy in East Asia?
What policies and programs were implemented and at what cost? What
evidence is there that East Asia's population policies achieved their
goals? Is it possible or likely that demographic outcomes were a
product only of the region's rapid economic development? Or did
population policies accelerate the transition to low fertility and
slower population growth? These issues are addressed in this and the
other chapters of this volume through a detailed examination of the
experience between 1960 and 1990 of six East Asian economies: Japan,
South Korea, Taiwan, Singapore, Thailand, and
Indonesia."
Correspondence: A. Mason, East-West
Center, Program on Population, 1601 East-West Road, Honolulu, HI 96848.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:41310 Schulz, James H.
Population ageing: economic growth and generational transfers
(labour, productivity and saving issues). In: Population ageing:
challenges for policies and programmes in developed and developing
countries, edited by Robert Cliquet and Mohammed Nizamuddin. 1999.
123-40 pp. United Nations Population Fund [UNFPA]: New York, New York;
Centrum voor Bevolkings- en Gezinsstudie [CBGS]: Brussels, Belgium. In
Eng.
"This contribution is about population ageing and its
impact on economic growth. It makes two major points: (a) that to
address the issue of population ageing and growth, one must do more
than look at demographic statistics and ratios and (b) that in
addressing the issue of the future of social security, one needs to
look at more than `promoting saving', which currently dominates most
policy discussions." The geographical scope is
worldwide.
Correspondence: J. H. Schulz, Brandeis
University, Department of Economics, 415 South Street, Waltham, MA
02254-9110. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:41311 Wigger, Berthold U.
Pay-as-you-go financed public pensions in a model of endogenous
growth and fertility. Journal of Population Economics, Vol. 12,
No. 4, 1999. 625-40 pp. Berlin, Germany. In Eng.
"Employing an
overlapping generations endogenous growth model in which parents derive
utility from having children and, additionally, expect children to
support them in old age, this paper explores the interrelation between
growth, fertility, and the size of pay-as-you-go financed public
pensions. It is shown that small sized public pensions stimulate per
capita income growth, but further increases in public pensions
eventually reduce it. Fertility, on the other hand, falls by an
increase in public pensions if they are either small or large. Medium
sized public pensions, however, may stimulate
fertility."
Correspondence: B. U. Wigger, University
of Mannheim, Department of Economics, A5, 68131 Mannheim, Germany.
E-mail: wigger@econ.uni-mannheim.de. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
General studies on the relations between population factors and economic development in developing countries. Includes studies on dependency as they relate to developing countries.
65:41312 Asubonteng-Manu, Edward; Naguib,
Mohamed. Demographic situation, population control and
development in Ghana. In: CDC 27th annual seminar on population
issues in the Middle East, Africa and Asia. 1998. 64-90 pp. Cairo
Demographic Centre: Cairo, Egypt. In Eng.
"The objective of
this paper is to highlight the main obstacles to economic and social
progress in Ghana. Some of these obstacles originate from the
demographic aspects of people in terms of fertility, mortality and
migration.... The paper also aimed at increasing the awareness of
planners that the population issue in Ghana concerns the rate of growth
and not the number of people, so the earlier measures are taken the
better. The paper introduces the country's population policy [and]
describes the past, present and future trend of Ghana's population and
its impact on the socio-economic development of the country. The
conclusion is that development goals of the country may not be achieved
if efforts are not made to slow down the country's rapid population
growth."
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:41313 Bidou, Jean-Etienne.
Overpopulation and population density. The effect of two regional
development projects on demographic trends in Burundi.
[Surpeuplement et densité de la population. L'effet de deux
projets de développement régionaux sur l'évolution
démographique au Burundi.] In: Démographie et
aménagement du territoire: actes du Xe colloque national de
démographie. Bordeaux--21, 22, 23 mai 1996, edited by Janine
d'Armagnac, Chantal Blayo, and Alain Parant. 1999. 363-74 pp.
Conférence Universitaire de Démographie et d'Etude des
Populations [CUDEP]: Paris, France; Presses Universitaires de France:
Paris, France. In Fre.
The extent to which two long-term
development projects, carried out in the provinces of Bututsi and
Buyenzi in Burundi, have affected the country's general problem of
overpopulation is assessed. Differences between the demographic impacts
of the livestock project in Bututsi and the coffee-production project
in Buyenzi are discussed. The significant population increase
threatening the Buyenzi project, the more successful of the two, is
noted.
Correspondence: J.-E. Bidou, Université
Michel de Montaigne-Bordeaux III , Esplanade Michel-Montaigne, Domaine
Universitaire, 33405 Talence Cedex, France. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:41314 Bloom, David E.; Sachs, Jeffrey
D. Geography, demography, and economic growth in
Africa. Brookings Papers on Economic Activity, No. 2, 1998. 207-95
pp. Washington, D.C. In Eng.
The case is made that the problems
posed by the geography of Africa play a major role in its relative
failure to achieve satisfactory levels of socioeconomic development.
"The paper is organized as follows. In the next section we discuss
the general problems of tropical development and put Africa's problems
in worldwide tropical perspective. We then discuss demographic trends
in Africa, emphasizing the low levels of population density and
urbanization and the delayed demographic transition compared with other
developing regions. In the following section we use standard
cross-country growth equations, augmented with demographic and
geographic variables, to account for the relative roles of geography,
demography, and policy in Africa's recent growth experience. We then
consider future growth strategies, and especially the urgent need for
urban-based export growth in manufacturing and services." Comments
are included by Paul Collier (pp. 274-81), Christopher Udry (pp.
281-6), and others (pp. 287-9).
Correspondence: D. E.
Bloom, Harvard University, Harvard Institute for International
Development, 14 Story Street, Cambridge, MA 02138. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPIA).
65:41315 Carmichael, Gordon A.
Population and development in the Asia Pacific region. Asia
Pacific Viewpoint, Vol. 38, No. 3, Dec 1997. 187-308 pp. Blackwell:
Malden, Massachusetts/Oxford, England. In Eng.
This special issue
presents six papers that examine a number of the demographic issues
currently confronting Asia-Pacific region. They include socioeconomic
development, demographic aging, development planning, urbanization, the
environment, and migration.
Selected items are cited elsewhere in
this issue of Population Index.
Correspondence: Blackwell
Publishers, 108 Cowley Road, Oxford OX4 1JF, England. Location:
Cornell University Library, Ithaca, NY.
65:41316 Chine, Nkado N. Rapid
population growth and socio-economic development in Nigeria
(1972-1992). In: CDC 26th annual seminar on population issues in
the Middle East, Africa and Asia, 1996. 1997. 40-65 pp. Cairo
Demographic Center: Cairo, Egypt. In Eng.
In this study, the author
aims to examine the interaction between rapid population growth and
socioeconomic development in Nigeria and to analyze the impact of
population growth on natural resources and the environment. The primary
conclusion is that the rapid rate of population growth is slowing the
pace of socioeconomic development, and that slow development in turn
favors a continuation of high levels of fertility.
Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:41317 Goerlitz, Uwe.
Demographic trends in Mexico, 1990-1995: critical observations on
population growth, migration, and urbanization in the newest OECD
member country. [Demographische Entwicklung in Mexiko 1990-1995:
Kritische Betrachtungen zu Bevölkerungswachstum, Migration und
Verstädterung im jüngsten OECD-Mitgliedsland.] In:
Demographie und Politik, edited by Jürgen Dorbritz and Johannes
Otto. 1999. 219-52 pp. Bundesinstitut für
Bevölkerungsforschung: Wiesbaden, Germany. In Ger.
The author
performs a demographic analysis of Mexico's population growth from 1990
to 1995 due to migration and natural increase. Data are from the 1990
census and the 1995 government count, and the analysis is performed by
metropolitan areas. In conclusion, the author notes the heterogeneous
age structure of the population, coupled with strong regional
differences in development, and economic instability. He presents
several possible plans for economic development and suggests that
developmental sustainability must be attained and social inequality
addressed in order for Mexico to solve its problems. Well-planned urban
networks are presented as possible solutions.
Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:41318 Jiang, Leiwen.
Population and sustainable development in China. Population and
household scenarios for two regions. NethurD Publication Series A,
Pub. Order No. Nugi 651/661. [1999]. xii, 310 pp. Netherlands Graduate
School of Housing and Urban Research: Utrecht, Netherlands. In Eng.
with sum. in Dut.
"This study focuses on two regions of China,
Shenzhen and Taihe, which are representative of developed and
underdeveloped regions. It inspects the historical patterns in the
relationships between, on the one hand, socio-economic development,
urbanisation, and population policies, and population and household
dynamics, on the other hand, in a regional systemic theoretical
framework. Employing the macro-dynamics ProFamy model, size and
composition of population and households in the ensuing 50 years are
projected for the two study regions. On the basis of our projection
results, we discuss the ongoing impacts of population and household
dynamics on sustainable socio-economic and environmental development
across the regions."
Correspondence: Universiteit van
Amsterdam, Nethur-Demography, Nieuwe Prinsengracht 130, 1018 VZ
Amsterdam, Netherlands. Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
65:41319 Jones, Gavin W.; Raharjo,
Yulfita. People, land and sea: development challenges in
eastern Indonesia. ISBN 0-7315-2314-8. Nov 1995. 174 pp.
Indonesian Institute of Sciences, Center for Population and Manpower
Studies: Jakarta, Indonesia; Australian National University, Research
School of Social Sciences, Demography Program: Canberra, Australia. In
Eng.
"The purpose of this monograph is to present an overview
of population trends and issues in the five [Indonesian] provinces
covered (Nusa Tenggara Barat, Nusa Tenggara Timur, Timor Timur, Maluku
and Irian Jaya), and a preliminary assessment of their implications for
economic and social development in the region." The chapters are:
Introduction, by Gavin W. Jones; The setting, by Adrian C. Hayes, Suko
Bandiyono, and Gavin W. Jones; Development planning and implementation
in eastern Indonesia, by Riwanto Tirtosudarmo; Population growth and
change, by Alan Gray, T. H. Hull, Aswatini A. Raharto, Daliyo, and G.
W. Jones; The health of the people, by Yulfita Raharjo and Roosmalawati
Ruslan; The family and its wellbeing, by Titik Handayani and Terrence
H. Hull; Family planning and achievement of desired family size, by
Terence H. Hull and Titik Handayani; Education and employment: the key
to sustained development, by Laila Nagib, Gavin W. Jones, and Riwanto
Tirtosudarmo; and Population and environment issues, by Adrian C. Hayes
and Deny Hidayati.
Correspondence: Australian National
University, Research School of Social Sciences, Demography Program,
Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
65:41320 Lu, Huei-chung. An
analytic framework of aging based on the optimal population
growth. Journal of Population Studies, No. 20, Oct 1999. 139-65
pp. Taipei, Taiwan. In Chi. with sum. in Eng.
The author attempts a
new approach to the study of population aging by focusing on the moment
at which the age structure of a given population begins to have a
negative impact on the economy, which is defined as the optimal
population growth rate. A theoretical framework is proposed which
provides a method of finding this optimal growth path for a given
country. "The research will use Chu's (1997) first-degree
stochastic dominance analytical framework to define `aging' and prove
that a society can [reach] some economic objectives...by effectively
reducing the birth rate, when the population growth is above the
optimal level. On the other hand, a society's economic objective would
deteriorate when aging occurs at the time that population growth is
below the optimal level." The geographical focus is on developing
countries.
Correspondence: H.-c. Lu, Fu-Jen Catholic
University, Department of Economics, Taipei, Taiwan. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:41321 Mengele, Helima J. The
essence of demographic analysis in development planning: a case of
Tanzania. In: CDC 26th annual seminar on population issues in the
Middle East, Africa and Asia, 1996. 1997. 66-88 pp. Cairo Demographic
Center: Cairo, Egypt. In Eng.
The author describes how Tanzania has
attempted to include the population factor in the development planning
process since 1988. The focus is on the relationship between fertility
and development planning, and on identifying the sectors that need to
be improved if fertility is to decline. These include changes in
education, employment, and marriage patterns that will improve the
status of women and may help lower fertility.
Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:41322 Mundle, Sudipto; Van Arkadie,
Brian. The rural-urban transition in Viet Nam: some
selected issues. Economics and Development Resource Center
Occasional Paper, No. 15, Oct 1997. vii, 32 pp. Asian Development Bank,
Economics and Development Resource Center: Manila, Philippines. In Eng.
"The paper analyzes the process of urban-rural transition
under way in Vietnam in the context of its transition to a market
economy. In managing this process of change, the government will face
important choices on patterns of urban and rural development and the
linkages between the two. Based on how the choices are made, the impact
on well-being could be quite different. A negative scenario could
include an overconcentration of resources in one or two metropolitan
centers, with poor linkages to rural development, and the increasing
gap between urban and rural areas having negative social consequences
on the cities and the countryside. A more virtuous path would emphasize
linkages between urban and rural development. Policy and investment
options in the transition are explored within the emerging pattern of
regional development."
Correspondence: Asian
Development Bank, Economics and Development Resource Center, P.O. Box
789, 0980 Manila, Philippines. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
65:41323 Ranjan, Alok. Population
and development: the Indian perspective. ISBN 1-58112-844-4. 1999.
277 pp. Shyam Institute: Datia, India. In Eng.
"This monograph
analyses the experiences and concerns relating to population and
development in India through an empirical perspective. [The author
attempts]...to establish linkages between population growth trends and
patterns with social and economic development processes in the
country." There are chapters on capital formation, savings, and
population growth; population growth and technology evolution; food
supply; energy use patterns; consumption and its environmental impact;
population policy; the demographic transition; a comparison of the
fertility transition in India and China; mortality associated with
reproduction; status of women; and urbanization.
Correspondence:
Shyam Institute of Public Cooperation and Community Development,
Datia, Madhya Pradesh 475 661, India. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
65:41324 Universidad Nacional Autónoma
de México. Instituto de Investigaciones Sociales (Mexico City,
Mexico). A demographic picture of Mexico, 1999.
[Carta demográfica sobre México, 1999.] DemoS, No. 12,
1999. 43 pp. Mexico City, Mexico. In Spa.
This special issue
presents a selection of articles on aspects of the relationship between
population and development in Mexico. The contents are: Population and
economic growth, by Julio Boltvinik; Demographic growth, social
development, and region, by Rosa M. Rubalcava; Fertility decline and
social welfare, by Carlos Welti Chanes; The politics of health, by
José B. Morelos; Health and inequality, by Mario Bronfman
Pertzovsky and Sergio López Moreno; Internal migration, by
Rodolfo Corona Vázquez; International migration, by Rodolfo
Tuirán Gutiérrez; Population distribution and economic
development, by Crescencio Ruiz Chiapetto; Urban population and
development, by Gustavo Garza; Population, women, and development, by
Teresita De Barbieri; The indigenous population and development, by
José del Val; Population, work, and development, by
Brígida García Guzmán; Family, income, and
development, by Orlandina de Oliveira; The population through 2050, by
Virgilio Partida Bush; The future of pensions, by Roberto Ham Chande;
Demography and anthropology, by Gail Mummert; The year 2000 census, by
Miguel Cervera Flores; and Latin America 2000, by Juan
Chackiel.
Correspondence: Universidad Nacional
Autónoma de México, Instituto de Investigaciones
Sociales, Ciudad de la Investigación en Humanidades Zona
Cultural, Ciudad Universitaria, 04510 Mexico City, DF, Mexico.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:41325 Winckler, Onn.
Demographic developments and population policies in Ba`thist
Syria. ISBN 1-902210-16-6. LC 99-10160. 1999. xv, 218 pp. Sussex
Academic Press: Brighton, England. In Eng.
"This book traces
three major demographic developments and their socioeconomic
consequences in Syria during the second half of this century, notably
since the Ba'th Revolution of 1963, i.e., rapid population growth, the
rural-to-urban migration movement, and the temporary migration of
Syrian labor to other Middle Eastern countries. Each of these
developments is described and analyzed within the framework of the
overall socioeconomic evolution of Syria. The book convincingly
demonstrates that, during the last two decades, the demographic factor
has constituted one of the major levers of both structural economic
changes and political shifts in internal and foreign affairs in Syria
under Ba'th regime. The decisive linkage between socioeconomic
development and political change is indeed highlighted in this book. A
wide range of official Syrian statistical data as well as other sources
are used, including population censuses, demographic surveys, five-year
development plans, and Syrian press reports that reflect the
authorities' policies on various relevant
issues."
Correspondence: Sussex Academic Press, 18
Chichester Place, Brighton BN2 1FF, England. Location:
Princeton University Library (FST).
Studies on the relations between population and economic factors as they affect the developed world. Also includes studies on the economic effects of a stationary or declining population, the effects of aging on the economy, retirement, and problems of economic dependency in developed countries.
65:41326 Cardelús, Jordi; Pascual de
Sans, Angels; Solana Solana, A. Miguel. Migration,
economic activity, and population in Spain. [Migracions, activitat
econòmica i poblament a Espanya.] Ciència i
Tècnica: Geografia, No. 15, ISBN 84-490-1656-8. 1999. 131 pp.
Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona: Bellaterra, Spain. In Cat.
The relationships among internal migration, economic activity, and
population change in Spain over the course of the twentieth century are
analyzed. The focus is on the period since 1960. There are chapters on
population and migration trends over the course of the century,
internal migration trends since the 1960s by province, the
characteristics of internal migrants by age and occupation, and the
impact of migration on the characteristics of the
population.
Correspondence: Universitat Autònoma de
Barcelona, Servei de Publicacions, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:41327 Cornia, Giovanni A.; Paniccià,
Renato. The transition's population crisis: nuptiality,
fertility, and mortality changes in severely distressed economies.
In: Population and poverty in the developing world, edited by Massimo
Livi-Bacci and Gustavo De Santis. 1999. 217-49 pp. Clarendon Press:
Oxford, England. In Eng.
The authors argue that the current
demographic crisis in Eastern Europe is directly due to the transition
the Eastern European countries are undergoing. They suggest that
"the large shocks in birth and death rates are compelling signs of
societies in extreme distress, and [test] the hypothesis that the
population crisis which has been affecting most of the region for the
last few years is the result of the growing economic instability and
social stress evident in the region, increasingly unfavourable
expectations abut the future, and incomplete and inadequate policy
action."
Correspondence: G. A. Cornia, United Nations
University/World Institute for Development Economics Research
(UNU/WIDER), Helsinki, Finland. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
65:41328 d'Armagnac, Janine; Blayo, Chantal;
Parant, Alain. Demography and development planning.
Proceedings of the Tenth National Conference on Demography, Bordeaux,
May 21-23, 1996. [Démographie et aménagement du
territoire: actes du Xe colloque national de démographie.
Bordeaux--21, 22, 23 mai 1996.] ISBN 2-7332-4018-8. 1999. iii, 472 pp.
Conférence Universitaire de Démographie et d'Etude des
Populations [CUDEP]: Paris, France; Presses Universitaires de France:
Paris, France. In Fre.
These are the proceedings of a conference on
population and development planning. The 40 papers are organized into
four sessions, which are entitled: Population and territory: some
methodological problems; Some responses from development planners to
demographic constraints; Planning decisions and their demographic
consequences; and The challenges of development planning. The primary
geographical focus of the papers is on France, but papers on other
countries are also included.
Selected items are cited elsewhere in
this issue of Population Index.
Correspondence:
Conférence Universitaire de Démographie et d'Etude
des Populations, Centre Pierre Mendès France, 90 rue de Tolbiac,
75634 Paris Cedex 13, France. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
65:41329 du Granrut, Charles. The
impact of demographic aging: concerning the report "Ageing in OECD
countries" [L'impact du vieillissement démographique:
à propos du rapport de l'OCDE "Le Vieillissement dans les
pays de l'OCDE"] Futuribles, No. 228, Feb 1998. 63-8 pp. Paris,
France. In Fre. with sum. in Eng.
This article summarizes a 1997
publication entitled Ageing in OECD Countries: a Critical Policy
Challenge. The OECD report attempts to analyze the impact of
demographic aging on pensions, health and long-term care, and the labor
force, as well as on budgets and capital markets.
For the report in
question, see 64:30609.
Location: Princeton University
Library (PR).
65:41330 Fougère, Maxime;
Mérette, Marcel. Population ageing and economic
growth in seven OECD countries. Economic Modelling, Vol. 16, No.
3, 1999. 411-27 pp. Oxford, England. In Eng.
The authors extend
computable overlapping-generations models for seven industrialized
countries in order to examine the impact of demographic aging on
economic growth. "The model is populated by a series of 15
rational overlapping generations that optimally choose life patterns of
consumption and bequest. The modified version incorporates endogenous
growth, which is generated by the accumulation of both physical and
human capital. Typically, a generation invests mostly in human capital
when young, and in physical capital when middle-aged. Our results show
that estimates of the long-run economic effects of population ageing
are significantly altered when the model features endogenous growth.
The results suggest that population ageing could create more
opportunities for future generations to invest in human capital
formation, which would stimulate economic growth and reduce
significantly the apprehended negative impact of ageing on output per
capita."
Correspondence: M. Fougère, Department
of Finance, 140 O'Connor, 18th Floor, East Tower, Ottawa, Ontario K1N
OG5, Canada. E-mail: fougere.maxime@fin.gc.ca. Location:
Princeton University Library (PF).
65:41331 Fredriksen, Dennis.
Projection of population, education, labour supply and public
pension benefits: analyses with the dynamic micro-simulation model
MOSART. Sosiale og Økonomiske Studier/Social and Economic
Studies, No. 101, ISBN 82-537-4572-9. 1998. 123 pp. Statistisk
Sentralbyrå: Oslo-Kongsvinger, Norway. In Eng. with sum. in Nor.
The dynamic microsimulation model MOSART is used to analyze the
relationships among population dynamics, education, labor supply, and
public pension benefits in Norway in the context of a population that
is experiencing a process of demographic aging. "The base line
alternative of the analyses is a situation where `everything continues
as in 1993'. Consequences for the tax level are analysed by calculating
a contribution rate given by dividing public pension expenditures by
the sum of wages and half the public pension expenditures (pensioners
pay less taxes than wage earners). This contribution rate was 15.6 per
cent in 1993, and increases to 25 per cent by year 2040 with the base
line alternative. The size of the population has stabilized by this
time, and the projected contribution rate is the result of structural
aspects of the individual life courses. These aspects include the
average number of years each respectively participates in the labour
force or is a pensioner, and the ratio between average pension benefits
and wages. Improved benefits and longer life expectancy explain most of
the growth in the contribution rate."
Correspondence:
Statistisk Sentralbyrå, Salg- og Abonnementservice, Postboks
1260, 2201 Kongsvinger, Norway. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
65:41332 Kato, Hisakazu.
Overlapping generations model with endogenous population
growth. Jinkogaku Kenkyu/Journal of Population Studies, No. 25,
Dec 1999. 15-25 pp. Tokyo, Japan. In Eng. with sum. in Jpn.
"The purpose of this paper is to investigate a simultaneous
determinant mechanism between population change and economic growth
using an overlapping generations model (OGM).... First, a traditional
result...[the] positive relationship between income and the demand for
children is derived, and we show that the direct and indirect cost of
children has a negative influence on child demand.... Second,
introducing a pension system, we investigate how the results on the
above analysis were affected. As a result, a rise in pension benefits
increased the demand for children, while an enrichment of the public
pension reduces the level of capital stock since an increase in the
cost of children induces private savings in a steady state. Finally,
considering family allowances which support a rational individual in
the decision to have children, we concluded that the policy which
reduces the cost of children has a positive influence on the demand for
children to a greater extent than the income policy which increases
disposable earnings."
Correspondence: H. Kato, Central
Research Institute of Electric Power Industry, Tokyo, Japan.
Location: Princeton University Library (Gest).
65:41333 Lagrange, Jean-Pierre.
Population decrease: The main cause of unemployment? [Le
déclin démographique, cause première du
chômage?] Population et Avenir, No. 645, Nov-Dec 1999. 4-6 pp.
Paris, France. In Fre.
Using data concerning France, the author
makes the case that unemployment is causally linked to concerns about
demographic stagnation and decline. The need for pronatalist policy
measures is stressed.
Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
65:41334 Lee, Ronald; Skinner,
Jonathan. Will aging baby boomers bust the federal
budget? Journal of Economic Perspectives, Vol. 13, No. 1, Winter
1999. 117-40 pp. Nashville, Tennessee. In Eng.
The demographic
future of the United States is examined in an effort to elucidate
whether the demographic aging of the baby boom generation is likely to
cause major fiscal problems for the U.S. government or not. The authors
suggest that the prospects for longevity are considerably brighter than
even those considered optimistic by the Social Security Administration
and that "it does not seem likely that the U.S. population will
start to bump against biological limits to health, nor does it seem
likely that baby boomers will experience more years of frailty and poor
health.... The bad [news] is that the Social Security and Medicare
trust funds may face fiscal stress in the next century, regardless of
what reforms are taken in this century."
Correspondence:
R. Lee, University of California, Department of Demography, 2232
Piedmont Avenue, Berkeley, CA 94720. E-mail: rlee@demog.berkeley.edu.
Location: Princeton University Library (PF).
65:41335 Leone, Richard C. Baby
boom retirement crisis: Myth or reality? In: America's demographic
tapestry: baseline for the new millennium, edited by James W. Hughes
and Joseph J. Seneca. 1999. 203-17 pp. Rutgers University Press: New
Brunswick, New Jersey. In Eng.
The case is made that the aging of
the baby boom generation in the United States will not pose a serious
threat to the nation's economy. In contrast, the author suggests that
"rather than suffering, the working population in the twenty-first
century should have a remarkably rosy future. On very reasonable
assumptions about the future, the likelihood is that both the boomers
and our youngest adults will coexist quite nicely for the next fifty
years or so. Nonetheless, those who are filled with foreboding about
the task of housing, feeding, and replacing the hips of aging baby
boomers are right about one thing: the last chapter of America's large
postwar generation will mean, as it has at every other stage of their
lives, many changes in many aspects of how all of us
live."
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:41336 Lindh, Thomas. Age
structure and economic policy: the case of saving and growth.
Population Research and Policy Review, Vol. 18, No. 3, Jun 1999. 261-77
pp. Dordrecht, Netherlands. In Eng.
"The age structure of the
population affects aggregate saving, which affects growth through
investment. Growth in turn is influenced by other age structure effects
and feeds back into aggregate saving by well known life cycle
mechanisms.... The connection between age structure, savings and growth
in the OECD [Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development]
from 1950 to 1990 illustrates how policy analysis that ignores the
macroeconomic effects and feedbacks from age structure changes is
liable to lead to faulty and potentially costly conclusions about
policy issues." The geographical focus is on developed
countries.
Correspondence: T. Lindh, Uppsala University,
Department of Economics, P.O. Box 513, 751 20 Uppsala, Sweden. E-mail:
thomas.lindh@nek.uu.se. Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
65:41337 Lindh, Thomas; Malmberg, Bo.
Age structure effects and growth in the OECD, 1950-1990.
Journal of Population Economics, Vol. 12, No. 3, Aug 1999. 431-49 pp.
Berlin, Germany. In Eng.
"Economic growth depends on human
resources and human needs. The demographic age structure shapes both of
these factors. We study five-year data from the OECD countries
1950-1990 in the framework of an age structure augmented neoclassical
growth model with gradual technical adjustment.... The growth patterns
of the GDP per worker (labor productivity) in the OECD countries are to
a large extent explained by age structure
changes."
Correspondence: T. Lindh, Uppsala
University, Institute for Housing Research, Box 785, 801 29 Gävle,
Sweden. E-mail: thomas.lindh@ibf.uu.se. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
65:41338 Pecchenino, Rowena A.; Utendorf,
Kelvin R. Social security, social welfare and the aging
population. Journal of Population Economics, Vol. 12, No. 4, 1999.
607-23 pp. Berlin, Germany. In Eng.
"This study examines the
effects of pay-as-you-go social security programs in aging economies
when the middle-aged both educate their dependent children and
subsidize the retirement of the old. Using an overlapping generations
framework in which agents are three-period lived but timing of death in
the third period is uncertain, we analyze the effects of social
security tax schemes, under various demographic assumptions, on capital
accumulation, education expenditures, social welfare, and economic
growth. We find that in many cases social security crowds out
education, and reduces economic growth and social
welfare."
Correspondence: R. A. Pecchenino, Michigan
State University, Department of Economics, East Lansing, MI 48824.
E-mail: rowenap@pilot.msu.edu. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
65:41339 Tsuji, Akiko.
Projections of the labor force population and of future change in
the dependency burden in Japan. Jinkogaku Kenkyu/Journal of
Population Studies, No. 24, Jun 1999. 1-13 pp. Tokyo, Japan. In Jpn.
with sum. in Eng.
Future trends in the labor force and in the
old-age dependency burden in Japan are projected using official data up
to the year 2025. The author concludes that the future level of old-age
dependency will be about the same or even less than what has been
experienced in the past, although it will be higher than the present
level. The major factor affecting the old-age dependency burden is
economic activity ratios, and ensuring that these remain at high levels
is the key to solving the future dependency
problem.
Correspondence: A. Tsuji, Waseda University,
Graduate School of Human Sciences, 1-104 Totsuka-machi, Shinjuku-ku,
Tokyo 169-8050, Japan. Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
Studies on the environment, quality of life, conservation, food production, etc., and their interrelations with population factors.
65:41340 Baudot, Barbara S.; Moomaw, William
R. People and their planet: searching for balance.
ISBN 0-312-21715-3. LC 98-23533. 1999. xxiv, 313 pp. St. Martin's
Press: New York, New York; Macmillan Press: Basingstoke, England. In
Eng.
The ideas for this book were initiated at the Conference on
Population and the Environment, held at the Fletcher School of Law and
Diplomacy in June 1994. It contains 18 papers by various authors on
aspects of the population-environment equation, which are organized
into three parts entitled: Factors in the equation; The equation out of
balance; and Searching for balance. The geographical focus is
worldwide.
Selected items are cited elsewhere in this issue of
Population Index.
Correspondence: St. Martin's Press, 175
Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10010. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
65:41341 Birg, H.; Brüß, J.;
Flöthmann, E.-J.; Schröder, E. Population
increase, internal migration, and forest destruction in Indonesia.
[Bevölkerungswachstum, Binnenmigration und Waldvernichtung in
Indonesien.] IBS-Materialien, Vol. 44, ISBN 3-923340-38-9. 1998. xi,
231 pp. Universität Bielefeld, Institut für
Bevölkerungsforschung und Sozialpolitik [IBS]: Bielefeld, Germany.
In Ger.
This analysis aims at predicting further deforestation
trends in Indonesia based on the projected increase and movement of the
population. The time period analyzed is from 1990 to 2100. Data are
from official sources. Several possible scenarios are described based
on differing assumptions.
Correspondence: Universität
Bielefeld, Institut für Bevölkerungsforschung und
Sozialpolitik, Postfach 100131, 33501 Bielefeld, Germany. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:41342 Bogue, Donald J. The
ecological impact of population aging. Essays in Human Ecology,
No. 4, ISBN 1-884211-06-2. 1999. 83 pp. Social Development Center:
Chicago, Illinois. In Eng.
The ecological impact of population
aging in the United States is explored. Chapters are as follows: The
ecological impact of population aging on neighborhood change;
Neighborhoods of elderly self-care limitations and work disability;
Neighborhoods of elderly poverty and affluence; Neighborhood
differences in home ownership, housing costs, and living arrangement of
the elderly; and The ecological impact of the impending elderly boom: a
projection of neighborhood aging to the year
2030.
Correspondence: Social Development Center, P.O. Box
37-7710, Chicago, IL 60637. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
65:41343 Chapman, Robert. No room
at the inn, or why population problems are not all economic.
Population and Environment, Vol. 21, No. 1, Sep 1999. 81-97 pp. New
York, New York. In Eng.
"It might be the case that no one ever
dies from overpopulation, but certainly many have experienced a
diminished quality of life. This paper will argue first, and briefly,
numbers do count; second, there are good familiar arguments for
restricting the cherished rights to reproduce (and by parity of
reasoning property ownership) when these rights conflict with
'subsistence' rights; third, some type of government intervention is
necessary and desirable if we are to efficiently curtail population
growth. This is especially important if we view subsistence rights as
positive rights that need official recognition and
guidance."
Correspondence: R. Chapman, Pace
University, Department of Philosophy and Religious Studies, New York,
NY 10038. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:41344 Chiarelli, Brunetto.
Overpopulation and the threat of ecological disaster: the need for
global bioethics. Mankind Quarterly, Vol. 39, No. 2, Winter 1998.
225-30 pp. Washington, D.C. In Eng.
"Nature may not be
interested in the survival of humanity. Homo sapiens is the product of
an adaptive evolution, but if the species continues to indulge in
unlimited reproduction and undisciplined exploitation of the earth's
resources, it may bring about its own destruction as well as the
destruction of other species of animals and
plants."
Correspondence: B. Chiarelli,
Università degli Studi di Firenze, Piazza San Marco 4, 50121
Florence, Italy. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:41345 Dyson, Tim. Prospects
for feeding the world. British Medical Journal, Vol. 319, No.
7215, Oct 9, 1999. 988-91 pp. London, England. In Eng.
This is a
general review of the future prospects that the world's population can
be adequately fed. Data are primarily from UN sources. The author
concludes that population growth is the most important factor fueling
the global demand for increased food production, that Sub-Saharan
Africa faces the grimmest prospects for receiving adequate nutrition,
and that the pace of increase in cereal yields seems to be continuing
so that a Malthusian crisis in the next few decades is unlikely. A
dissenting view to this relatively optimistic conclusion is provided by
Maurice King (p. 991).
Correspondence: T. Dyson, London
School of Economics, Department of Social Policy, London WC2A 2AE,
England. E-mail: t.dyson@lse.ac.uk. Location: Princeton
University Library (SZ).
65:41346 Hamilton, Clive; Turton,
Hal. Population policy and environmental degradation:
sources and trends in greenhouse gas emissions. People and Place,
Vol. 7, No. 4, 1999. 42-62 pp. Clayton, Australia. In Eng.
"The impact of population growth on the state of the
environment has become a subject of vigorous public debate and has led
to a number of official reports. This paper is the first systematic
analysis of the implications of population growth in Australia on one
of the most important environmental problems, the emission of
greenhouse gases that are associated with climate change. This is
especially important since Australia has signed up to international
emission reduction obligations under the 1997 Kyoto
Protocol."
Correspondence: C. Hamilton, Australian
Institute, P.O. Box 72, Lyneham, ACT 2602, Australia. E-mail:
exec@tai.org.au. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:41347 Hayes, Adrian C.
Slashing and burning: developmental transformations of
population-environment relationships in Indonesia. Asia Pacific
Viewpoint, Vol. 38, No. 3, Dec 1997. 251-65 pp. Oxford, England. In
Eng.
"There is growing concern that rapid development may be
doing irreparable harm to life support systems and the environment
throughout much of the Asia Pacific region. This paper briefly examines
how the development policies of the New Order government of Indonesia
have transformed the way the country exploits and manages its
environmental resources."
Correspondence: A. C. Hayes,
Australian National University, Research School of Social Sciences,
Demography Program, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia. E-mail:
axh300@coombs.anu.edu.au. Location: Cornell University
Library, Ithaca, NY.
65:41348 Heydir, Laurel.
Population-environment dynamics in Lahat: a case-study of
deforestation in a regency of South Sumatra Province, Indonesia.
In: People and their planet: searching for balance, edited by Barbara
S. Baudot and William R. Moomaw. 1999. 91-107 pp. St. Martin's Press:
New York, New York; Macmillan Press: Basingstoke, England. In Eng.
Deforestation in Indonesia is analyzed using the example of Lahat
Regency in southern Sumatra. The focus is on cultivation by rural
farmers in protected forest areas. "The causes of deforestation in
Lahat must...be seen as a complex interaction of push and pull factors,
in combination with weak government capacity for protecting these
resources and a failure to provide access to other alternatives for
securing a livelihood."
Correspondence: L. Heydir,
Sriwijaya University, Population Research Center, Palembang, Indonesia.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:41349 Hidayati, Deny; Hayes, Adrian C.;
Yogaswara, Herry; Zaelany, Andy A. Population and
environment issues in Maluku: the case of Western and Northern
Seram. ISBN 979-8553-42-X. 1999. xxv, 211 pp. Indonesian Institute
of Sciences, Center for Population and Manpower Studies: Jakarta,
Indonesia; Australian National University, Research School of Social
Sciences, Demography Program: Canberra, Australia. In Eng; Ind.
This study examines the role of land resources in the development
of Maluku in eastern Indonesia. "Specific objectives are as
follows: To identify development policies and their implementation in
Seram, the major Kapet of Maluku; To study the land-use patterns and
resource management practices of indigenous farmers, and to understand
how these patterns and practices are changing in response to
development, particularly rising population pressure, transmigration,
commercial logging, plantations, improvements in transportation and
communication, and programs to encourage swidden cultivators to adopt
settled agriculture; To establish a framework for assessing the impact
of development on indigenous people and on the environment in Seram;
and To present policy recommendations designed to make development in
the Kapet more equitable and sustainable."
Correspondence:
Indonesian Institute of Sciences, Center for Population and
Manpower Studies, Gedung Widya Graha Lt. X, Jalan Gatot Subroto 10,
Djakarta Selatan, Indonesia. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
65:41350 Jordan, Jeffrey N.
Population, environment and sustainable development: global
issues. In: People and their planet: searching for balance, edited
by Barbara S. Baudot and William R. Moomaw. 1999. 45-57 pp. St.
Martin's Press: New York, New York; Macmillan Press: Basingstoke,
England. In Eng.
This chapter is based on preparations for and
discussions that took place at a meeting of experts organized by the
International Academy of the Environment in Geneva in 1993. "As a
starting point, a clear conceptual framework for understanding the
linkages between population and the environment is presented that can
guide research and policy-making in this sphere. The framework is then
applied to three case studies--desertification in Africa, environmental
degradation in the Bay of Bengal, and the problems of small island
states in the South Pacific--and an approach to developing policy
recommendations is elucidated."
Correspondence: J. N.
Jordan, Futures Group, 1050 17th Street NW, Suite 1000, Washington,
D.C. 20036. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:41351 Kravdal, Øystein.
Has population growth restricted improvements in per capita food
availability, 1970-1995? East-West Center Working Papers,
Population Series, No. 106, Dec 1999. 23 pp. East-West Center:
Honolulu, Hawaii. In Eng.
"It is estimated, on the basis of
data from FAO and some other sources, that high population growth in
countries with an initial average calorie intake below 2,800 has
contributed to inhibit improvements in per capita food production and
availability during the 1980s and early 1990s. There are statistically
significant negative effects of population growth on the growth in
noncereal food crops, milk and meat production, and total food
production. Because also net food import and aid shipments of cereals
have responded similarly, rather than being compensatory factors, the
development in total per capita calorie supply has been least
satisfactory in countries with the most rapid
growth."
Correspondence: East-West Center, Program on
Population, 1601 East-West Road, Honolulu, HI 96848. Author's E-mail:
okravdal@econ.uio.no. Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
65:41352 Marquette, Catherine M.; Bilsborrow,
Richard E. Population and environment relationships in
developing countries: recent approaches and methods. In: People
and their planet: searching for balance, edited by Barbara S. Baudot
and William R. Moomaw. 1999. 29-44 pp. St. Martin's Press: New York,
New York; Macmillan Press: Basingstoke, England. In Eng.
In this
chapter, the authors attempt to summarize some of the diversity of
opinion and approaches that characterize the discussion concerning the
relationship between population and environment in developing
countries. Having first summarized the various perspectives that have
been used to study this relationship, the authors then look at the
diversity in the level of analysis and some data issues. They conclude
that the best way to proceed toward the development of a general theory
of the population-environment relationship is to concentrate on
micro-level rather than macro-level approaches.
Correspondence:
R. E. Bilsborrow, University of North Carolina, Carolina
Population Center, University Square, CB 8120, 124 East Franklin
Street, Chapel Hill, NC 27516-3997. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
65:41353 Moomaw, William R.; Tullis, D.
Mark. Population, affluence or technology? An empirical
look at national carbon dioxide production. In: People and their
planet: searching for balance, edited by Barbara S. Baudot and William
R. Moomaw. 1999. 58-70 pp. St. Martin's Press: New York, New York;
Macmillan Press: Basingstoke, England. In Eng.
The extent to which
population growth is a factor in the growth of global environmental
problems is examined using the example of carbon dioxide emissions. The
results reveal a surprising diversity in patterns of carbon dioxide
emissions among countries. The results "clearly show that
population growth by itself is an important driver of [carbon dioxide]
emissions mainly for low-income countries, and that it is rising
affluence that correlates most strongly with carbon emissions in most
other countries. The debate over what drives pollution therefore needs
to be recast to recognize that it is not only the quantity of people,
but also the quality of their development choices that is important.
Furthermore, the relative significance of [these] factors can change
over time, a finding that does not appear to have been previously
recognized."
Correspondence: W. R. Moomaw, Tufts
University, Global Development and Environment Institute, Fletcher
School of Law and Diplomacy, Medford, MA 02155. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:41354 Orodho, John A.
Population growth, gender and food production in Kenya: the case of
small-scale farmers in Vihiga district. Union for African
Population Studies Study Report, No. 33, 1998. 191 pp. Union for
African Population Studies [UAPS]: Dakar, Senegal. In Eng.
This
study is about the factors influencing food production and food
security at the household level among small-scale rural farmers in the
Vihiga District of Kenya. The data concern 320 households and were
collected in the mid-1990s. The results indicate that the ability of
the available land to provide an adequate food supply was being eroded
by the increasing pressure of a growing population. The importance of
women in food production and the continued reliance on inefficient and
traditional agricultural practices is noted.
Correspondence:
Union for African Population Studies, Stèle Mermoz, Km 7.5,
Avenue Cheikh Anta Diop, B.P. 210007, Dakar-Ponty, Senegal.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:41355 Oyaya, Charles O.
Population growth and sustainable land use systems: a critical
analysis of population and land use planning priorities in arid and
semi-arid Kajiado district. Union for African Population Studies
Study Report, No. 32, 1998. xi, 131 pp. Union for African Population
Studies [UAPS]: Dakar, Senegal. In Eng.
The impacts of population
pressure on land use and land tenure systems in the Kajiado district of
Kenya are analyzed. The study had five main objectives: "Firstly,
to investigate the population growth and policy constraints to
sustainable land use practices and land development. Secondly, to
critically examine the existing land use and land tenure systems in
Kajiado district. Thirdly, to establish the merits and demerits of land
subdivision processes in the district. Fourthly, to establish the
nature of land use conflicts in the district. Fifthly, to assess the
impact of population growth and land use practices on the
environment."
Correspondence: Union for African
Population Studies, Stèle Mermoz, Km 7.5 Avenue Cheikh Anta
Diop, B.P. 210007, Dakar-Ponty, Senegal. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
65:41356 Pichón, Francisco J.
A mutivariate analysis of farm household land-use and
forest-clearing decisions in the Amazon region of Ecuador. In:
People and their planet: searching for balance, edited by Barbara S.
Baudot and William R. Moomaw. 1999. 71-90 pp. St. Martin's Press: New
York, New York; Macmillan Press: Basingstoke, England. In Eng.
This
is a study on the relationships among demographic factors, agricultural
settlement, and environmental degradation in the Amazon frontier region
of Ecuador. The author notes that the population of this region is
growing faster than that of any other Amazonian region, and that its
rate of deforestation is also the highest. "After reviewing the
current state of knowledge regarding the dynamics of resource
allocation in frontier environments, this chapter proposes a conceptual
framework for understanding colonists' land-allocation behaviour,
describes the findings of field research and the analysis of allocation
decisions, and draws out their policy
implications."
Correspondence: F. J. Pichón,
University of North Carolina, University Square 300A/CB No. 8120,
Chapel Hill, NC 27516-3997. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
65:41357 Pillai, Vijayan K. Air
pollution in developing and developed nations: a pooled cross-sectional
time series regression analysis. International Planning Studies,
Vol. 1, No. 1, 1996. 35-47 pp. Abingdon, England. In Eng.
"The
purpose of this paper is to test a few explanations of environmental
pollution. In particular the focus is on carbon dioxide emissions as an
indicator of environmental pollution. A number of explanations such as
the Malthusian are presented. Data are collected on carbon dioxide
emissions and a number of social and economic determinants from the
World Resource Institute Data Base [in 1992]. Using pooled
cross-sectional time series regression analysis, models of pollution
for developing and developed nations are tested separately. Results of
the analysis suggest that the processes of pollution are dissimilar
across developing and developed nations. Policy implications of the
findings are also presented."
Correspondence: V. K.
Pillai, University of North Texas, Department of Sociology, P.O. Box
13675, Denton, TX 76203-3826. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
65:41358 Postel, Sandra L. Water,
food and population. In: People and their planet: searching for
balance, edited by Barbara S. Baudot and William R. Moomaw. 1999.
108-25 pp. St. Martin's Press: New York, New York; Macmillan Press:
Basingstoke, England. In Eng.
The linkages between increasing water
scarcity and growing global populations are described. Some countries
that are particularly affected by water shortages are identified.
Particular attention is given to the role of water supply in food
production. The author concludes that water scarcity is a rapidly
emerging constraint to raising living standards and to meeting basic
needs in many regions of the world, and also that present levels of
water consumption are unsustainable.
Correspondence: S. L.
Postel, Global Water Policy Project, Amherst, MA. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:41359 Price, David. Carrying
capacity reconsidered. Population and Environment, Vol. 21, No. 1,
Sep 1999. 5-26 pp. New York, New York. In Eng.
"The concept of
carrying capacity has gained broad currency, although some population
ecologists are dubious about its value. This paper assesses the utility
of the concept and develops an alternative understanding of population
growth. First, carrying capacity is viewed in historical perspective
and evidence that is supposed to support it is criticized. Then the
underlying assumptions upon which it rests are reexamined.... The
mechanism that is supposed to regulate population is critically
reviewed. And the assumptions of balance in nature and equilibrium in
biotic communities are reevaluated."
Correspondence:
D. Price, 811 Mitchell Street, Ithaca, NY 14850. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:41360 Saikia, Anup. Shifting
cultivation, population and sustainability: the changing context of
north-east India. Society for International Development, Vol. 41,
No. 3, Sep 1998. 97-100 pp. Thousand Oaks, California. In Eng.
The
author "examines the shifting
cultivation-population-sustainability question in the north-eastern
region of India which has come to the fore in recent years. He argues
that the fragile hilly ecosystem has come under increasing threat due
to the twin agents of shifting cultivation and spiralling population
growth, the latter having rendered the former uneconomic and
ecologically unsustainable."
Correspondence: A.
Saikia, Arunachal University, Rono Hills, Itanagar 791112, India.
E-mail: procyon@bom3.vsnl.net.in. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
65:41361 Sambrook, Richard A.; Pigozzi, Bruce
W.; Thomas, Robert N. Population pressure, deforestation,
and land degradation: a case study from the Dominican Republic.
Professional Geographer, Vol. 51, No. 1, Feb 1999. 25-40 pp. Cambridge,
Massachusetts. In Eng.
"Population pressure, deforestation,
and land degradation are major ecological concerns in developing
countries. This research investigates causal linkages among
interrelated physical and social processes in a case study conducted
within the Plan Sierra resource management region of the Cordillera
Central, Dominican Republic. Results of bivariate regression analysis,
based on a sample of 450 traditional hillslope farms, support a linear
relationship between population pressure and deforestation at two
spatial scales. However, the strength of the relationship between
population pressure and forest cover change decreases over a
twenty-year time frame. Results also confirm a positive relationship
between deforestation and land degradation. This case study contributes
to an understanding of the precise nature of these relationships at
sub-national scales of analysis."
Correspondence: R.
A. Sambrook, Eastern Kentucky University, Department of Geography and
Planning, Richmond, KY 40475-3129. E-mail: geosambr@acs.eku.edu.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:41362 Sarhan, Alaa; Ryabov, Igor.
Population issues and environment in Ukraine. In: CDC 26th
annual seminar on population issues in the Middle East, Africa and
Asia, 1996. 1997. 474-98 pp. Cairo Demographic Center: Cairo, Egypt. In
Eng.
An attempt is made to assess the demographic impact of the
process of environmental degradation that is occurring in the Ukraine.
The results indicate that the deteriorating environment is not only
affecting morbidity and mortality, but is also affecting fertility. The
difficulties that the country faces in resolving these issues in an era
beset with economic difficulties are noted.
Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:41363 Simonsen, Anette P.
Fertility and sustainable population revisited. Science,
Technology and Development, Vol. 14, No. 3, Dec 1996. 120-6 pp.
Glasgow, Scotland. In Eng.
"This article explores the
implications of changes in fertility rates and population growth for
the economy and the environment in developing countries.... The article
concludes that population strategies in developing countries would do
well if complemented, inter alia, with industrialisation strategies
that are economical with energy and material
consumption."
Correspondence: A. P. Simonsen,
Norwegian Agency for Development Co-operation, Budget and Statistics
Division, Oslo, Norway. Location: Indiana University Library,
Bloomington, IN.
Studies of employment and labor force statistics that are of demographic relevance. Includes studies of the labor force (employment status, occupation, and industry) and of the relations among employment, labor force participation, and population factors. Studies on the effect of female labor force participation on fertility are coded under F.1. General Fertility and cross-referenced here.
65:41364 Abazov, Rafis. Economic
migration in post-Soviet Central Asia: the case of Kyrgyzstan.
Post-Communist Economies, Vol. 11, No. 2, Jun 1999. 237-52 pp.
Abingdon, England. In Eng.
"The article explores economic
reform in post-Soviet Kyrgyzstan and focuses on its impact on the
country's labour market and economic migration. Mass and rapid
privatisation and `shock therapy' have been perceived as the pillars of
change in the country. However, the reform was accompanied by a number
of negative factors, including fast-growing unemployment, poverty, a
sharp decline in industrial and agricultural output and loss of foreign
markets. All together, these problems have led to contraction of the
local labour market and mass outflow of the economically active part of
the population. Using the example of Kyrgyzstan the author assesses the
interconnection between economic decline and economic migration in the
post-Soviet era."
Correspondence: R. Abazov, La Trobe
University, Department of Politics, Bundoora, Victoria 3083, Australia.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:41365 Alarcón, Rafael.
Recruitment processes among foreign-born engineers and scientists
in Silicon Valley. American Behavioral Scientist, Vol. 42, No. 9,
Jun-Jul 1999. 1,381-97 pp. Thousand Oaks, California. In Eng.
"This article examines the processes by which Indian and
Mexican engineers and scientists find employment in the high-technology
companies of Silicon Valley [California].... There is a much larger
concentration of foreign-born engineers and scientists in Silicon
Valley than in other high-technology regions of the United States.
These immigrants play a crucial role in this knowledge-based industry
because they have much higher levels of education than their native
counterparts. The recruitment and hiring of these workers underscore
the importance of the operation of social
networks."
Correspondence: R. Alarcón,
University of California, Cesar Chavez Center, Los Angeles, CA 90024.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:41366 Arif, G. M.; Irfan, M.
Return migration and occupational change: the case of Pakistani
migrants returned from the Middle East. Pakistan Development
Review, Vol. 36, No. 1, Spring 1997. 1-37 pp. Islamabad, Pakistan. In
Eng.
"This paper examines the factors affecting occupational
composition of Pakistani workers upon their return from Middle East
employment by using the 1986 ILO/ARTEP Survey of Return Migrant
Households.... The study shows that the economic resources gained from
overseas employment gave migrants the strength to seek independent
employment, and there was a clear move out of the production-service
occupations into business and [agricultural] occupations.... The study
[also] shows that businesses and farms established by migrant workers
were small-scale."
Correspondence: G. M. Arif,
Pakistan Institute of Development Economics, P.O. Box 1091, Islamabad
44000, Pakistan. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:41367 Briggs, Vernon M. U.S.
immigration policy and the plight of its unskilled workers. People
and Place, Vol. 7, No. 2, 1999. 1-6 pp. Clayton, Australia. In Eng.
"The implications of immigration to the U.S. are explored with
reference to the impact on low-skilled labour markets and inequality in
the U.S. Recent research indicates that low-skilled American workers
are the main losers, with the result that the earnings disparity
between high and low-skilled workers has
widened."
Correspondence: V. M. Briggs, Cornell
University, NYSSILR, Department of Labor Economics, 266 Ives Hall,
Ithaca, NY 14851-0952. Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
65:41368 Brui, B. P.; Kurilina, E. V.;
Varshavskaya, N. E.; Chumarina, V. Zh. Population and
labor force potential of the Russian Federation in 1998. [O
razvitii demograficheskikh protsessov v Rossiiskoi Federatsii v 1998
godu.] Voprosy Statistiki, No. 10, 1999. 30-8 pp. Moscow, Russia. In
Rus.
The demographic situation in the Russian Federation in 1998 is
analyzed with respect to the probable consequences for future
development, particularly as they concern the labor force potential.
Consideration is given to trends in fertility, mortality, and
migration.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:41369 de Jong, A. H. Labour
force scenarios for the European Union. Maandstatistiek van de
Bevolking, Vol. 47, No. 9, Sep 1999. 9-18 pp. Voorburg, Netherlands. In
Eng.
"This article describes the assumptions underlying the
new labour force scenarios for the European Union. The scenarios are
largely based on an analysis of determinants of labour force
participation. Three scenarios are presented. The Baseline scenario
describes a situation in which observed developments are to a large
extent continued.... The Low and High scenarios describe alternative
developments in different economic and cultural contexts. The High
scenario assumes a favourable economic development which leads to an
increase in labour force participation while in the Low scenario a fall
in economic activity is assumed."
Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
65:41370 DeGraff, Deborah S.; Anker,
Richard. Gender, labour markets and women's work.
Gender in Population Studies/Le Genre dans Les Etudes de Population,
ISBN 2-87108-073-9. 1999. 33 pp. International Union for the Scientific
Study of Population [IUSSP]: Liège, Belgium. In Eng.
"This paper focuses on women's work activities, both in the
recognized labour market and in the home, in developing and
industrialized countries. It considers how gender-based norms and
expectations operate to influence women's work behaviour, and the
documentation of that behaviour and how this relates to demographic
variables." There are chapters on theoretical perspectives on
gender inequality in the labor market, women's labor force and
non-labor force work, and occupational segregation by
sex.
Correspondence: International Union for the Scientific
Study of Population, 34 rue des Augustins, 4000 Liège, Belgium.
E-mail: iussp@iussp.org. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
65:41371 Donahoe, Debra; Tienda,
Marta. Human asset development and the transition from
school to work: policy lessons for the 21st century. OPR Working
Paper, No. 99-3, Jun 1999. 76 pp. Princeton University, Office of
Population Research [OPR]: Princeton, New Jersey. In Eng.
In this
paper, the authors "focus on two investment domains that are
assumed to be problematic for some adolescents and young adults, namely
education and employment, and the intersection of the two institutions
that govern these arenas, schools and the labor market." They look
at "what aspects of the...depiction of the transition from school
to work presented...are valid and...assess the scope and dimensions of
the problem in light of relevant data and research findings...by
examining trends in educational attainment and academic
achievement." The geographical focus is on the United States and
data are from the National Longitudinal Survey of
Youth.
Correspondence: Princeton University, Office of
Population Research, 21 Prospect Avenue, Princeton, NJ 08544-2091.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:41372 El Salvador. Dirección General
de Estadística y Censos (San Salvador, El Salvador).
Projections of the economically active population of El Salvador,
1990-2025. [Proyección de la población
económicamente activa de El Salvador 1990-2025.] Dec 1996. 119
pp. San Salvador, El Salvador. In Spa.
Labor force projections are
presented for El Salvador for the period from 1990 to 2025 by sex,
rural and urban area, and province. Data are from official sources,
including the 1992 census.
Correspondence: Dirección
General de Estadística y Censos, Ministerio de Economía,
1A Calle Pte. y 43 Avenida Nte., Apartado Postal 2670, San Salvador, El
Salvador. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:41373 Espenshade, Thomas J.
High-end immigrants and the shortage of skilled labor. OPR
Working Paper, No. 99-5, Jun 1999. 9 pp. Princeton University, Office
of Population Research [OPR]: Princeton, New Jersey. In Eng.
"The 1990 Immigration Act (IMMACT) responded to claims of an
impending shortage of skilled labor in the United states...and to
growing concerns that the skill levels of immigrant workers were
falling farther and farther behind those of natives.... IMMACT raised
the annual number of employment-based permanent resident visas from
54,000 to 140,000 and created a new temporary-worker category (H-1B) to
permit U.S. employers to recruit skilled workers from abroad for
professional `specialty occupations'.... In 1990 Congress decided to
cap the number of newly admitted H-1B workers at 65,000 per year....
This article provides new information on the growth and changing
composition of the science and engineering...workforce in the United
States from 1970 to 1997 and highlights the contribution of
foreign-born scientists and engineers to these trends. The data come
from the 1970 and 1990 decennial censuses and from the March 1997
Current Population Survey."
Correspondence: Princeton
University, Office of Population Research, 21 Prospect Avenue,
Princeton, NJ 08544-2091. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
65:41374 Estrella Valenzuela, Gabriel;
Zenteno, René M. The incorporation of women into
urban labor markets in Mexico: 1988-1994. [Integración de
la mujer a los mercados laborales urbanos en México: 1988-1994.]
Estudios Demográficos y Urbanos, Vol. 14, No. 3, Sep-Dec 1999.
675-740, 783 pp. Mexico City, Mexico. In Spa. with sum. in Eng.
"This study analyzes the context of women's incorporation into
the urban labor market in the recent history of Mexico." Sixteen
cities are included in the analysis. "First, with the exception of
certain northern, especially border cities, the structure of urban
employment showed a clear trend towards de-industrialization and the
expansion of distributive and personal services.... Secondly, these
changes were linked to an increase in self-employment in the majority
of urban centers.... Thirdly, although the real income of workers rose
in urban centers, this was achieved at the cost of a greater inequity
in salaries and an expansion of the wage gap between men and women.
Fourthly...the great majority of urban centers saw a reinforcement of
the tendency towards an increase in the age of women who participate in
economic activity outside the home, a lessening of the traditional
exclusion of the wives of household heads from the labor force and...a
reduction in the differences in the probabilities of women's working
according to the sex of the head of the
household."
Correspondence: G. Estrella Valenzuela,
Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Apartado Postal 459,
Avenida Alvaro Obregón y Julian Carrillo s/n, 21100 Mexicali,
Baja California, Mexico. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
65:41375 Gesano, Giuseppe. Who is
working in Europe? In: European populations: unity in diversity,
edited by Dirk van de Kaa et al. 1999. 77-139 pp. Kluwer Academic:
Dordrecht, Netherlands. In Eng.
"The relation between
demographic trends and the labour market is...an important challenge
for Europe's future.... The focus is on the situation in the European
Union, highlighting similarities and dissimilarities among
countries." Aspects considered include differentiating jobs and
workers; individual and household features in relation to the labor
market; the changing pattern of the labor life cycle; and future trends
and foreseeable problems.
Correspondence: G. Gesano,
Università degli Studi di Roma La Sapienza, Instituto di
Ricerche sulla Popolazione, Via Nomentana 41, Rome 00161, Italy.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:41376 Grant, Mary L. Evidence
of new immigrant assimilation in Canada. Canadian Journal of
Economics/Revue Canadienne d'Economique, Vol. 32, No. 4, Aug 1999.
930-55 pp. Toronto, Canada. In Eng. with sum. in Fre.
"Previous studies of the labour market experience of male
immigrants to Canada have uncovered two disturbing trends: declining
entry earnings for successive new immigrant cohorts and low
assimilation rates. These findings suggest that many of these cohorts
may never assimilate. The 1991 Census provides a first look at the
immigrant cohorts arriving in the 1980s. These immigrants appear to
avoid the plight of their predecessors; entry earnings have stopped
falling, and those immigrants arriving between 1981 and 1985
experienced a 17 per cent assimilation rate. [The author is] unable to
explain this turnaround based on the observable characteristics
recorded in the census data."
Correspondence: M. L.
Grant, University of Toronto, 150 George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S
3G7, Canada. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:41377 Grünheid, Evelyn.
On the development of gainful employment in Germany from a
demographic view--historical reflections on the past decades. [Zur
Entwicklung der Erwerbstätigkeit in Deutschland aus
demographischer Sicht--historische Betrachtung der letzten Jahrzehnte.]
Zeitschrift für Bevölkerungswissenschaft, Vol. 24, No. 2,
1999. 133-63 pp. Wiesbaden, Germany. In Ger. with sum. in Eng; Fre.
"The content and objective of this article are to focus on the
determinants and developmental tendencies of the German labour market
from a demographic perspective; the article thereby covers a period of
about 50 years of German development. With regard to different
developmental experiences for a period of 40 years in the old Federal
Republic of Germany, on one side, and in the former German Democratic
Republic, on the other, two separate phases of time will be focused on:
with the first phase covering the time of different development between
1950 and 1989, and with the second phase starting with German
reunification in 1990...."
Correspondence: E.
Grünheid, Bundesinstitut für Bevölkerungsforschung,
Friedrich-Ebert-Allee 4, Postfach 5528, 65180 Wiesbaden, Germany.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:41378 Kempeneers, Marianne.
Career breaks among Canadian women: permanence and change.
Population: An English Selection, Vol. 4, 1992. 111-27 pp. Paris,
France. In Eng.
The author investigates women's long breaks from
work in Canada. "Although women now participate almost as much as
men in the labour force, there is every sign that their specific
behaviour in terms of career and working time is persisting.... The
substantial rise in female activity rates over the past quarter century
has not gone hand in hand with a corresponding reduction of career
breaks among younger women. And though motherhood is unquestionably an
important factor of discontinuity, it is by no means the only one and
its influence tends to regress cohortwise."
Correspondence:
M. Kempeneers, Université de Montréal,
Département de Sociologie, C.P. 6128, Succursale A, Montreal,
Quebec H3C 3J7, Canada. Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
65:41379 Kim, Jongsung. Labor
supply and occupational structure of Asian immigrants in the U.S. labor
market. Garland Studies in the History of American Labor, ISBN
0-8153-3439-7. LC 99-18528. 1999. xv, 107 pp. Garland Publishing: New
York, New York/London, England. In Eng.
"This book focuses on
the labor supply and occupational structure of immigrants [in the
United States]. In particular, this book analyzes Asian immigrants'
labor supply behaviors: labor force participation decisions and hours
worked. A theoretical approach is used to predict that first, the main
characteristic of immigrants is a lower taste for leisure; second,
immigrants' diligent disposition remains steady during their stay in
the U.S. labor market. Consequently, immigrants tend to display more
active labor market behavior, by participating more actively in the
labor force and working longer hours than comparable
natives."
Correspondence: Garland Publishing, Taylor
and Francis Group, 19 Union Square West, New York, NY 10003.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:41380 Lévy, Michel L.
The unemployed and their families. [Les chômeurs dans
leur famille.] Population et Sociétés, No. 350, Oct 1999.
1-3 pp. Paris, France. In Fre.
Some aspects of unemployment in
France are analyzed. The focus is on how unemployment affects
households rather than the individuals
concerned.
Correspondence: M. L. Lévy, Institut
National d'Etudes Démographiques, 133 boulevard Davout, 75980
Paris Cedex 20, France. E-mail: ined@ined.fr. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:41381 Liefbroer, Aart C.; Henkens,
Kène. Labour market careers of successive cohorts
of older men in the Netherlands: changes in age at retirement and in
length of working lives. Genus, Vol. 55, No. 1-2, Jan-Jun 1999.
101-19 pp. Rome, Italy. In Eng. with sum. in Ita; Fre.
"In
this contribution we examine the length of the working lives of
successive cohorts of older men in the Netherlands, based on data about
1,894 men aged 55-90 years. The results show that men with a low level
of education have longer labour market careers than the better
educated, but the differences have become substantially smaller in
recent decades; the differences among men with a high and men with a
low level of education born in 1903 are almost twice as large as the
differences among men born in 1937. This indicates that the social rate
of return derived from an education has increased over the
years."
Correspondence: A. C. Liefbroer, Netherlands
Interdisciplinary Demographic Institute, Postbus 11650, 2502 AR The
Hague, Netherlands. E-mail: liefbroer@nidi.nl. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:41382 Liu, Qiming; Chan, Kam Wing.
Rural-urban labor migration process in China: job search, wage
determinants and occupational attainment. Seattle Population
Research Center Working Paper, No. 99-16, Jul 1999. 22 pp. University
of Washington, Seattle Population Research Center: Seattle, Washington.
In Eng.
"This paper analyzes rural-urban migrants' job search
process and occupational attainment in China in the 1990s.... [It]
attempts to explain the unique [phenomena] in the Chinese urban labor
market that are not predicted by existing migration models.... In
particular, we want to explain the role of the informal sector as a
permanent employment sector for rural-urban migrants and the emergence
of the self-employed as the best choice for rural migrant
labor."
Correspondence: University of Washington,
Seattle Population Research Center, Box 353340, Seattle, WA 98195.
Author's E-mail: qiming_liu@yahoo.com. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
65:41383 Marr, Bill; Siklos, Pierre.
Immigrant class and the use of unemployment insurance by recent
immigrants in Canada: evidence from a new data base, 1980 to 1995.
International Migration Review, Vol. 33, No. 3, Fall 1999. 561-93 pp.
Staten Island, New York. In Eng.
"This study examines the
relationship between claiming unemployment insurance in Canada and the
immigrant class in which immigrants were admitted using a new data base
that combines tax and immigration records.... There are large
differences among the immigrant classes in the claims made against
Canada's unemployment insurance scheme. Claim rates rise rapidly in the
few years after arrival no matter in which class a person happened to
be admitted in or which year she or he landed, but those rates decline
thereafter for all classes or landing
cohorts."
Correspondence: B. Marr, Wilfrid Laurier
University, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3C5, Canada. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:41384 Menahem, Gila; Spiro, Shimon
E. Immigrants in a restructuring economy: a partial test
of theories. International Migration, Vol. 37, No. 3, 1999. 569-86
pp. Oxford, England. In Eng. with sum. in Fre; Spa.
"The
article addresses the occupational integration of immigrants from the
former USSR into the economy of the city of Tel Aviv. This process is
examined from a structural perspective, which focuses on the location
of immigrants as a group in the restructuring economy of Israel's main
business centre. Data from labour force surveys and income surveys
conducted in 1992 and 1994 by Israel's Central Bureau of Statistics are
used to analyse the distribution of veteran Israelis and recent
immigrants among economic sectors and
occupations."
Correspondence: G. Menahem, Tel Aviv
University, Department of Sociology and Anthropology, Ramat-Aviv, 69
978 Tel Aviv, Israel. Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
65:41385 Preston, Ian; Walker, Ian.
Welfare measurement in labour supply models with nonlinear budget
constraints. Journal of Population Economics, Vol. 12, No. 3, Aug
1999. 343-61 pp. Berlin, Germany. In Eng.
"This paper is
concerned with the measurement of individual welfare in labour supply
models which allow for the impact of income taxation and income support
schemes on labour supply decisions.... To illustrate the issues we use
estimates of a discrete choice model of labour supply for United
Kingdom lone mothers to compute alternative welfare measures which
might be considered as having intuitive appeal to policymakers. We
compute welfare change based on these measures arising from a recent
reform of the child support payments
system."
Correspondence: I. Preston, University
College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, England. E-mail:
i.preston@ucl.ac.uk. Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
65:41386 Rangel, Marta. Migrant
status, race, and gender in the Brazilian labor market: the case of the
metropolitan areas of Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo.
[Condición migratoria, raza y género en el mercado de
trabajo brasileño: el caso de las regiones metropolitanas de Rio
de Janeiro y São Paulo.] Notas de Población, Vol. 26, No.
67-68, Jan-Dec 1998. 247-88 pp. Santiago, Chile. In Spa. with sum. in
Eng.
"This article analyses and compares the social and
employment structures of the metropolitan areas of Rio de Janeiro and
São Paulo [in Brazil], on the basis of data from the 1988
national household survey (PNAD-88); it takes into account
simultaneously the variables of migrant status, race and gender. These
variables are assumed to be factors in unequal labour market
integration."
Correspondence: M. Rangel, UN Centro
Latinoamericano y Caribeño de Demografía, División
de Población, Edificio Naciones Unidas, Avenida Dag
Hammarskjold, Casilla 91, Santiago, Chile. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
65:41387 Riphahn, Regina T.
Income and employment effects of health shocks: a test case for the
German welfare state. Journal of Population Economics, Vol. 12,
No. 3, Aug 1999. 363-89 pp. Berlin, Germany. In Eng.
"Using
data from the first eleven waves of the German Socioeconomic Panel this
study investigates the dynamic effects of health shocks on employment
and economic well-being of older workers. A health shock trebles the
probability of leaving the labor force and almost doubles the
unemployment risk.... Welfare state instruments support the poorest
section of the population but do not succeed in neutralizing the
effects of a health shock for these
groups."
Correspondence: R. T. Riphahn, University of
Munich, SELAPO, Ludwigstraße 28 RG, 80539 Munich, Germany.
E-mail: regina.riphahn@selapo.vwl.uni-muenchen.de. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:41388 Sana, Mariano. Migrants,
unemployment and earnings in the Buenos Aires metropolitan area.
International Migration Review, Vol. 33, No. 3, Fall 1999. 621-39 pp.
Staten Island, New York. In Eng.
"The unemployment rate
climbed to 20 percent in the Buenos Aires metropolitan area in the
mid-1990s. Some government officials blamed immigration from
neighboring countries as one factor responsible for the increase. This
paper fails to find evidence to support such a view. In addition,
variation of earnings between the beginning and the peak of the
unemployment crisis is considered. Although males of all national
origin groups were worse off after the employment bubble burst, the
earnings of immigrants from neighboring countries declined the
most."
Correspondence: M. Sana, University of
Pennsylvania, Population Studies Center, 3718 Locust Walk,
Philadelphia, PA 19104-6298. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
65:41389 Schwarz, Karl.
Demographic trends and the labor market: important connections
demonstrated using the example of the former West German states from
1972 to 1997. [Demographische Entwicklung und Arbeitsmarkt:
Wichtige Zusammenhänge, demonstriert am Beispiel der alten
Bundesländer im Zeitraum 1972 bis 1997.] Zeitschrift für
Bevölkerungswissenschaft, Vol. 23, No. 4, 1998. 495-500 pp.
Wiesbaden, Germany. In Ger.
The author examines the relationship
between demographic factors such as population size, age structure, and
family situation, and the potential labor force (defined as the
economically active population plus the unemployed) in West Germany
from 1972 to 1997. He looks separately at the situation of men and of
women, and finds that a dramatic growth in both populations led to
increased unemployment. For women, declining marriage rates and rising
divorce rates increased economic activity, which came to include a
large proportion of part-time work. The author concludes that the
impact of the baby boom on the labor market was not foreseen, and that
2015 is the earliest full employment can be attained, provided
immigration is lowered and Germans prove willing to work in less
desirable occupations.
Correspondence: K. Schwarz,
Klopstockstraße 14, 65187 Wiesbaden, Germany. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:41390 Tienda, Marta; Hotz, V. Joseph;
Ahituv, Avner; Bellessa, Michelle. Employment and wage
prospects of black, white, and Hispanic women: evidence from the 1980s
and early 1990s. OPR Working Paper, No. 99-4, Apr 1999. 46 pp.
Princeton University, Office of Population Research [OPR]: Princeton,
New Jersey. In Eng.
In this paper, the authors address several
questions that are useful in understanding "the employment and
wage prospects of young women in the context of the school to work
transition [in the United States]. First, how do young women's human
capital investment decisions differ among black, white and Hispanic
young women? Second, how different are young women's family formation
decisions along race and ethnic lines, and what implications do these
differences have for labor force behavior? Third, are the employment
returns to early investment decisions similar for education and
experience? Finally, how sensitive are young women's labor force
decisions to local market conditions?... The data for [the] analysis is
drawn from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (NLSY)."
Specifically for this paper, the authors use "data for women drawn
from the national probability sample and the black and Hispanic
oversamples for the 1979-1993 period."
Correspondence:
Princeton University, Office of Population Research, 21 Prospect
Avenue, Princeton, NJ 08544-2091. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
65:41391 Topalov, Christian. A
revolution in the representations of work. The emergence of a
statistical category for the "active population" in the
nineteenth century in France, Great Britain, and the United
States. [Une révolution dans les représentations du
travail: l'émergence de la catégorie statistique de
"population active" au XIXe siècle en France, en
Grande-Bretagne et aux Etats-Unis.] Revue Française de
Sociologie, Vol. 40, No. 3, Jul-Sep 1999. 445-73, 631-5 pp. Paris,
France. In Fre. with sum. in Eng; Ger; Spa.
"The division of
the population between active and inactive, a common base for
socio-professional classification varying from one country to another,
is in itself too global, making the distinction almost invisible. The
strange nature of this solid structure invites an investigation into
the process, both long and difficult, at the end of which, late in the
19th century, activity was defined by only one criterion: its market
characteristics. Although this aspect was not included in the history
of censuses it does throw light on the nature and rhythms of what,
without being excessive, can be called a revolution in the statistical
representations of work."
Correspondence: C. Topalov,
Cultures et Sociétés Urbaines, 59-61 rue Pouchet, 75849
Paris Cedex 17, France. Location: Princeton University Library
(PR).
65:41392 Toutain, Stéphanie.
Working after age 55 in Italy. [L'activité après
55 ans en Italie.] Population, Vol. 54, No. 3, May-Jun 1999. 555-72 pp.
Paris, France. In Fre.
Aspects of demographic aging in Italy are
reviewed. The focus is on trends in employment of the population aged
over 55, and the factors that lead to the low level of labor force
participation among this age group.
Correspondence: S.
Toutain, Université de Toulouse-Le Mirail, 5 allées
Antonio Machado, 31058 Toulouse Cedex 1, France. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:41393 United Nations. Comisión
Económica para América Latina y el Caribe [CEPAL]
(Santiago, Chile); United Nations. Centro Latinoamericano y
Caribeño de Demografía [CELADE] (Santiago,
Chile). Latin America: economically active population,
1980-2025. [América Latina: población
económicamente activa, 1980-2025.] Boletín
Demográfico/Demographic Bulletin, Vol. 32, No. 64, Pub. Order
No. LC/DEM/G.188. Jul 1999. 238 pp. Santiago, Chile. In Eng; Spa.
"This current Bulletin presents the estimates and projections
of the economically active population, by urban and rural areas, sex
and quinquennial age groups for the 20 Latin American countries, during
the period 1980-2025."
Correspondence: Centro
Latinoamericano y Caribeño de Demografía, División
de Población, Casilla 179-D, Santiago, Chile. E-mail:
jchackie@eclac.cl. Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
65:41394 Waldfogel, Jane; Higuchi, Yoshio;
Abe, Masahiro. Family leave policies and women's retention
after childbirth: evidence from the United States, Britain, and
Japan. Journal of Population Economics, Vol. 12, No. 4, 1999.
523-45 pp. Berlin, Germany. In Eng.
"This paper uses labour
force survey data to examine the employment rates and employment
decisions of women with young children in the United States, Britain
and Japan. Our results confirm that young children have a very strong
negative effect on women's employment; this effect is most pronounced
in Britain. We then take advantage of panel data to investigate the
effects of family leave coverage on women's job retention after
childbirth. We find that family leave coverage increases the likelihood
that a woman will return to her employer after childbirth in all three
countries, with a particularly marked effect in Japan. This result
suggests that the recent expansions in family leave coverage in the
sample countries are likely to lead to increased employment of women
after childbirth."
Correspondence: J. Waldfogel,
Columbia University, School of Social Work, 622 West 113th Street, New
York, NY 10025. E-mail: jw205@columbia.edu. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:41395 Winter-Ebmer, Rudolf;
Zweimüller, Josef. Do immigrants displace young
native workers: the Austrian experience. Journal of Population
Economics, Vol. 12, No. 2, May 1999. 327-40 pp. Berlin, Germany. In
Eng.
"This paper studies the effect of increased immigration
in Austria on the unemployment risk of young natives.... We concentrate
on unemployment entry of young male workers, who are supposed to
compete most heavily with new immigrants. Our results indicate that the
detrimental impact--if it exists at all--is only minor. This is
irrespective of the analyzed proxy for competition: The share of
foreign workers in an industry or in a
region."
Correspondence: R. Winter-Ebmer,
Johannes-Kepler-Universität, Institut für
Volkswirtschaftslehre, Altenbergerstrasse 69, 4040 Linz-Auhof, Austria.
E-mail: r.winterebmer@jk.uni-linz.ac.at. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
65:41396 Wrench, John; Rea, Andrea; Ouali,
Nouria. Migrants, ethnic minorities and the labour market:
integration and exclusion in Europe. ISBN 0-333-68279-3. LC
99-11215. 1999. xii, 274 pp. Macmillan Press: Basingstoke, England; St.
Martin's Press: New York, New York. In Eng.
This collective work is
the product of a network of researchers set up under the European
Union's COST (A2) migration initiative that examined aspects of the
labor market, minorities, and citizenship in 1994-1995. The papers
examine issues of discrimination and exclusion in the labor market in
Western Europe. Papers are as follows: Young migrants in the Belgian
labour market: integration, discrimination and exclusion, by Nouria
Ouali and Andrea Rea; Workers of migrant origin in Germany: forms of
discrimination in the labour market and at the workplace, by Nora
Räthzel; From school to the labour market in Britain: the
qualitative exposure of structures of exclusion, by John Wrench, Edgar
Hassan, and Tarek Qureshi; Foreigners and immigrants in the French
labour market: structural inequality and discrimination, by
François Vourc'h, Véronique De Rudder, and Maryse
Tripier; Migrants and ethnic minorities in the Netherlands:
discrimination in access to employment, by Mitzi Gras and Frank
Bovenkerk; The labour market for immigrant women in Sweden:
marginalised women in low-valued jobs, by Wuokko Knocke; Young people
of foreign origin born in Switzerland: between invisibility and
diversity, by Francesca Poglia Mileti; Seasonal work in Italy:
flexibility and regularisation, by Giovanna Campani and Francesco
Carchedi; Immigrants in Spain: from institutional discrimination to
labour market segmentation, by Lorenzo Cachón; Refugee care in
Sweden: the problems of unemployment and anti-discrimination policies,
by Maritta Soininen; Migratory movements: the position, the outlook.
Charting a theory and practice for trade unions, by Albert Martens; and
Employers and anti-discrimination measures in Europe: good practice and
bad faith, by John Wrench.
Correspondence: Macmillan Press,
Houndmills, Basingstoke RG21 6XS, England. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
65:41397 Xiao, Lichun.
Unemployment in Shanghai. Chinese Journal of Population
Science, Vol. 10, No. 3, 1998. 277-91 pp. New York, New York. In Eng.
"The unemployment rate in Shanghai has increased since the
1990s due to the reform of state-owned enterprises and the industrial
reconstruction. This paper analyzes the situation of unemployment in
Shanghai based on data from the 1995 China national census from a one
percent population sample and other statistical population
data."
Correspondence: L. Xiao, Shanghai Academy of
Social Sciences, Institute of Population and Social Development,
Shanghai, China. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
