Primarily references to descriptive studies. Official tabular material will be found under S. Official Statistical Publications. Items that are primarily analytical, but that also contain information on characteristics, will be found under K. Demographic and Economic Interrelations and Natural Resources or L. Demographic and Noneconomic Interrelations, as appropriate.
Descriptive studies of populations according to various demographic characteristics, including age, sex, sex ratios, and marital status. Studies on demographic aging are also included.
65:41163 Adamchak, Donald J.
Meeting the needs of the poor elderly in Zimbabwe and Namibia.
In: Population ageing: challenges for policies and programmes in
developed and developing countries, edited by Robert Cliquet and
Mohammed Nizamuddin. Sep 1999. 183-205 pp. United Nations Population
Fund [UNFPA]: New York, New York; Centrum voor Bevolkings- en
Gezinsstudie [CBGS]: Brussels, Belgium. In Eng.
The process of
rapid population aging that is occurring in Namibia and Zimbabwe is
examined. "Our overall purpose is to identify the socio-economic
conditions of the elderly, focusing particularly on the poor, with the
goal of developing strategies that will meet their needs now and in the
future." The contrast between a country such as Namibia, which has
a national pension scheme, and one such as Zimbabwe, which does not, is
noted.
Correspondence: D. J. Adamchak, Kansas State
University, Department of Sociology, Manhattan, KS 66506. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:41164 Alexandrova, Vera; Bolotov, Viktor;
Denisenko, Michael; Echenique, Vladimir; Halevinsky, Igor; Kalmykova,
Natalia; Markov, Andrei; Matytsina, Natalia; Mikhailov, Eugene;
Roshchin, Sergei; Valentei, Sergei; Barkalov, Nicholas; Ivanov, Sergei;
Kapitsa, Larissa; Kocharyan, Alexander; Zelenev, Sergei.
Human development report 1995: Russian Federation. [1995]. 74
pp. United Nations Development Programme: New York, New York. In Eng.
This is the first in a planned annual series of reports on human
development in Russia initiated by the United Nations Development
Programme. Chapters Four (Health) and Five (Population) contain
information on mortality patterns, the age structure and its
implications, fertility by birth order, and contraceptive prevalence in
Russia.
Correspondence: United Nations Development
Programme, One United Nations Plaza, New York, NY 10017. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:41165 Bavay, Francine; Huchon,
Jean-Paul. The age challenge. Volume 1: the consequences
of demographic aging. [Le défi de l'âge. Volume 1:
les conséquences du vieillissement de la population.] Cahiers de
l'IAURIF, No. 121, 1998. [200] pp. Institut d'Amenagement et
d'Urbanisme de la Region d'Ile-de-France: Paris, France. In Fre.
This report examines the implications of demographic aging for the
Ile-de-France region that surrounds Paris, France. It notes that the
population of the region is growing because the birth rate is rising
and many elderly people are deciding not to move away from the region
in retirement. The impact of the growing number of the elderly on
services, transport, and leisure activities is
examined.
Location: Institut National d'Etudes
Demographiques, Paris, France.
65:41166 Biggar, Robert J.; Wohlfahrt, Jan;
Westergaard, Tine; Melbye, Mads. Sex ratios, family size,
and birth order. American Journal of Epidemiology, Vol. 150, No.
9, Nov 1, 1999. 957-62 pp. Baltimore, Maryland. In Eng.
"In
many countries, the male:female ratio at birth has varied significantly
over the past century, but the reason for these changes have been
unclear. The authors observed a close parallel between decreasing
family size and declining male:female sex ratio in Denmark from 1960 to
1994. To explain this finding, they examined the sex ratio and birth
order of 1,403,021 children born to 700,030 couples. Overall, 51.2% of
the first births were male. However, families with boys were
significantly more likely than expected to have another boy (biologic
heterogeneity). By the fourth birth to families with three prior boys,
52.4% were male. The increase varied directly with the number of prior
boys.... Furthermore, couples with boys were more likely to continue to
have children. In summary, the authors found that the declining
male:female ratio in Denmark and probably other European populations is
mainly attributable to three effects: declining family size, biologic
heterogeneity, and child sex preference."
Correspondence:
R. J. Biggar, National Cancer Institute, Viral Epidemiology
Branch, Bethesda, MD 20892. Location: Princeton University
Library (SZ).
65:41167 Botev, Nikolai. Older
persons in countries with economies in transition. In: Population
ageing: challenges for policies and programmes in developed and
developing countries, edited by Robert Cliquet and Mohammed Nizamuddin.
1999. 85-100 pp. United Nations Population Fund [UNFPA]: New York, New
York; Centrum voor Bevolkings- en Gezinsstudie [CBGS]: Brussels,
Belgium. In Eng.
"This contribution attempts to highlight
several important issues related to the status of older persons in the
countries with economies in transition and the way this status is
affected by the economic and social adversities these countries face.
The first section sets the broad demographic background against which
the status of older persons should be interpreted. The second section
focuses on three important aspects of the status of older persons,
namely: living standards and income security; living arrangements and
care provision; and gender aspects of population ageing. Finally, the
third section considers the possible policy responses to the challenges
and implications of population ageing." Countries with economies
in transition are defined as those countries in Eastern and Central
Europe and those that were part of the former Soviet
Union.
Correspondence: N. Botev, UN Economic Commission for
Europe, Population Activities Unit, EAD, Palais des Nations, 1211
Geneva 10, Switzerland. Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
65:41168 Calot, Gérard; Sardon,
Jean-Paul. The factors of population aging. [Les
facteurs du vieillissement démographique.] Population, Vol. 54,
No. 3, May-Jun 1999. 509-52 pp. Paris, France. In Fre. with sum. in
Eng; Spa.
"This article sets out to assess the contribution of
each of the three factors in population dynamics (fertility, mortality
and international migration) to the ageing of the French population
since 1946.... It is shown that although mortality was until recently
the sole factor increasing...ageing, at present and until the middle of
the next century, past changes in fertility (the baby boom and the
baby-bust) will play a determinant role in the acceleration of the
process and their contribution will begin to equal that of mortality.
Although the outcome is already more or less certain as regards ageing
around 2020, beyond that point the possible courses are increasingly
open. Fertility changes in the next decades will determine ageing in
the middle of the 21st century."
Correspondence: G.
Calot, Observatoire Démographique Européen, 2 bis, rue du
Prieuré, 78107 Saint-Germain-en-Laye Cedex, France.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:41169 Carr, Deborah; Pemmarazu, Anu; Rice,
Dorothy P. Improving data on America's aging population:
summary of a workshop. ISBN 0-309-05633-0. 1996. xii, 51 pp.
National Academy Press: Washington, D.C. In Eng.
This report
presents a summary of the proceedings of a workshop held in March 1996
on the aging population of the United States. "The purposes of the
workshop were to identify how the population at older ages in the next
few decades will differ from the older population today, to understand
the underlying causes of those changes, to anticipate future problems
and policy issues, and to suggest future needs for data for research in
these areas.... The first section of this report reviews the
information presented at the workshop regarding economic, social, and
health trends affecting the aging population. The second section
highlights the common themes that emerged at the workshop. Finally,
broad guidelines for assessing the merits of relevant data sources are
provided, and suggestions for future projects are described." This
report is also available on-line at www.nap.edu.
Correspondence:
National Academy Press, 2101 Constitution Avenue NW, Box 285,
Washington, D.C. 20418. Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
65:41170 Centre de Sociologie et de
Démographie Médicales (Paris, France). The
impact of demographic changes on the health-care system. [L'impact
des évolutions démographiques sur le système de
santé.] Cahiers de Sociologie et de Démographie
Médicales, Vol. 39, No. 2-3, Apr-Sep 1999. 84-283 pp. Paris,
France. In Fre. with sum. in Eng.
This special issue contains a
selection of papers presented at a symposium on the impact of recent
demographic changes on the health system in France, held in Paris on
December 7, 1999. The primary focus is on the impact of population
aging.
Selected items are cited elsewhere in this issue of
Population Index.
Correspondence: Centre de Sociologie et
de Démographie Médicales, 60 Boulevard de
Latour-Maubourg, 75007 Paris, France. E-mail: CSDM.FIC@wanadoo.fr.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:41171 Chande, Roberto H. Aging
in Mexico: from concepts to necessities. [El envejecimiento en
México: de los conceptos a las necesidades.] Papeles de
Población, Vol. 5, No. 19, Jan-Mar 1999. 7-21 pp. Toluca,
Mexico. In Spa. with sum. in Eng.
"An unavoidable aging
process is projected for the Mexican population.... The aging process
[jeopardizes] the developing opportunities of a middle-income country
like Mexico since new problems will arise and be added to unresolved
difficulties.... In this sense, it is urgent to consider the aging
process within the...social, economic and cultural contexts. Paradigms
should include conceptual and cultural [dimensions] of aging: aging
manifestations in the heterogeneous socio-economic realm of Mexico,
including the indigenous population; the shift in family structures and
the requirements of the elderly for support; health problems and
disabilities and the availability and access [to] medical
care."
Correspondence: R. H. Chande, El Colegio de la
Frontera Norte, Tijuana, Mexico. E-mail: rham@colmex.mx. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:41172 Chen, Chaonan; Wu, Huoying; Lee,
George. Population aging and changes in dependency ratios
in Taiwan. Journal of Population Studies, No. 20, Oct 1999. 35-62
pp. Taipei, Taiwan. In Eng. with sum. in Chi.
"This paper
analyzes the trends of three dependency measures in Taiwan to observe
their relationships and to contemplate their economic implications. The
findings indicate that Taiwan's population is aging much faster than
that of the United States, and that the shift from more young and less
elderly to less young and more elderly dependents will accelerate in
the near future. It was also found that there have been no significant
differences between the labor-force-participation adjusted dependency
ratio (LADDR) and the expenditure adjusted dependency ratios (LEADDR)
in Taiwan in the past two decades.... Finally, the changes in
population composition and expenditure indicate that Taiwan's family
burden during the past two decades has been gradually eased because the
high consumption group has decreased in size while the low consumption
group has increased in size."
Correspondence: C. Chen,
Academia Sinica, Institute of Economics, Nankang, Taipei, Taiwan.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:41173 Cliquet, Robert; Nizamuddin,
Mohammed. Population ageing: challenges for policies and
programmes in developed and developing countries. ISBN
0-89714-533-X. Sep 1999. xii, 301 pp. United Nations Children's Fund
[UNICEF]: New York, New York; Centrum voor Bevolkings- en Gezinsstudie
[CBGS]: Brussels, Belgium. In Eng.
This publication presents a
selection of the papers presented at a joint UNFPA/CBGS technical
meeting on population aging held in Brussels, Belgium, October 6-9,
1998. The 15 papers are organized into four parts, which are entitled:
Dimensions of population ageing; Social implications of population
ageing; Policy responses to population ageing; and Conclusions. The
geographical scope is worldwide.
Selected items are cited elsewhere
in this issue of Population Index.
Correspondence: United
Nations Population Fund, 220 East 42nd Street, New York, NY 10017.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:41174 Coney, Nancy S.; Mackey, W.
C. The woman as final arbiter: a case for the facultative
character of the human sex ratio. Journal of Sex Research, Vol.
35, No. 2, May 1998. 169-75 pp. Mt. Vernon, Iowa. In Eng.
"The
sex of an individual drives the gender-role expectations for that
person essentially from birth to death. To the extent that gender-role
expectations, in turn, drive an individual's life chances and options,
the sex of the individual is an important causal agent upon the
individual's life experiences. Two separate explanations are available
to help understand the determination of a person's sex at birth: (1)
sex determination is random, or (2) sex determination is facultative or
biased. We argue that sex is not determined at random, but that a
woman's reactions to environmental parameters will bias her toward
giving birth to a daughter or to a son. Family structure and the
mother's evaluation of the father are offered as two candidates that
bias the sex determination away from chance or
randomness."
Correspondence: N. S. Coney, Western
Illinois University, Department of Sociology, Anthropology, and Social
Work, Macomb, IL 61455. E-mail: mfnsc@wiu.edu. Location:
Princeton University Library (PR).
65:41175 Delbes, Christiane; Gaymu,
Joëlle. The retired in France: from the past to the
future. [Les retraités en France: d'hier à demain.]
Cahiers de Sociologie et de Démographie Médicales, Vol.
39, No. 2-3, Apr-Sep 1999. 113-31 pp. Paris, France. In Fre. with sum.
in Eng.
"Mortality and fertility declines will shape the
features of the elderly population [of France] in the future. Families
with four generations will be frequent. The future elderly will have a
higher life expectancy, the time they will live in good health will be
even...longer, but they will likely have to devote a part of this time
to caring [for] their own old parents. The proportion of widows among
the future elderly will decrease, however, as celibacy and divorce have
been frequent during the adulthood of these generations, the proportion
of people living alone may increase. The trend will not prevent them
[from entering] at a later age into the nursing homes since they will
be probably more educated, wealthier and in better shape, as compared
to the elderly of today."
Correspondence: C. Delbes,
Institut National d'Etudes Démographiques, 133 boulevard Davout,
75980 Paris Cedex 20, France. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
65:41176 Delisle, Marc-André.
Regional aspects of aging. [Vieillissement et
régionalité.] Recherches Sociographiques, Vol. 40, No. 2,
May-Aug 1999. 313-44, 401 pp. Quebec, Canada. In Fre. with sum. in Eng.
"In Quebec, most persons aged 65 years and over live outside
the large urban centres. In order to learn more about them and to
better understand whether `regionalism' has an effect on how people
age, we present an analytical survey of research focusing on elderly
persons living in seven regions of Quebec. Considerable differences can
be observed between elderly persons in the different regions, and
people do not age in the same way everywhere--hence the likelihood of a
regional influence."
Correspondence: M.-A. Delisle,
Université Laval, Département de Sociologie, Cité
Universitaire, Quebec, Quebec G1K 7P4, Canada. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:41177 Edlund, Lena. Son
preference, sex ratios, and marriage patterns. Journal of
Political Economy, Vol. 107, No. 6, Pt. 1, Dec 1999. 1,275-304 pp.
Chicago, Illinois. In Eng.
"Preference for sons over daughters
is widespread in many Asian countries, for example, India, China, and
South Korea. This paper models endogenous sex choice and shows that
unbalanced sex ratios are but one of several possible consequences of a
preference for sons. In particular, if parents want children who
reproduce, nonrandom mating may cause women to be consistently born
into low-status families and thus relegated to a permanent underclass.
The paper also discusses possible links between son preference and
marriage patterns such as spousal age gaps, hypergamy (women marrying
up), caste endogamy, and cousin marriages."
Correspondence:
L. Edlund, Stockholm School of Economics, 11383 Stockholm, Sweden.
Location: Princeton University Library (PF).
65:41178 Emery, J. C. Herbert; Rongve,
Ian. Much ado about nothing? Demographic bulges, the
productivity puzzle, and CPP reform. Contemporary Economic Policy,
Vol. 17, No. 1, Jan 1999. 68-78 pp. Huntington Beach, California. In
Eng.
The future of the Canadian Pension Plan (CPP), which is
financed on pay-as-you-go principles, is examined in the light of
current demographic trends. "In an overlapping generations model,
the authors examine how demographic factors alone could explain the
observed changes in productivity/wage growth over the last 30 years.
The authors also examine how these factors impact on a pay-as-you-go
financed CPP. If Canada is a small open economy, then real wages and
real interest rates are not affected by domestic demographic
conditions. In this setting, increasing payroll taxes transfers the
burden of finance away from the lower income baby bust generation to
the higher income baby boom generation. In contrast, if Canada can be
characterized as a closed economy, then real wages and real interest
rates are sensitive to domestic demographic conditions. In this
setting, increasing payroll taxes now to keep taxes lower in future is
intergenerationally regressive because the CPP burden is reduced for
the well off baby bust generation and passed onto the lower income baby
boomers."
Correspondence: J. C. H. Emery, University
of Calgary, Department of Economics, Calgary AB T2N 1N4, Canada.
E-mail: hemery@acs.ucalgary.ca. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
65:41179 Emke-Poulopoulos, Ira.
Greek elderly citizens. Past, present, and future. [Ellenes
elikiomenoi polites. Parelthon, paron kai mellon.] ISBN 960-286-374-9.
1999. 632 pp. Ellin: Peristeri, Greece. In Gre.
This study focuses
on the elderly population in Greece, which along with Italy is one of
the countries with the highest proportion of elderly in the world at
present. The elderly population is analyzed with regard to age and sex
distribution, health status, marital status, and geographic
distribution; past occupation, education, income, housing, social
status, and psychological factors are also discussed. The author
examines the crisis in the social security system and argues that the
demographic factor is small compared to the structural problems.
Finally, the health system as it pertains to the elderly is
discussed.
Correspondence: Ellin, 30 Ath. Diakou Street,
12131 Peristeri, Greece. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
65:41180 Festy, Patrick. The
aging of the French population: lessons from the past. [Le
vieillissement de la population française: perspectives à
la lumière des expériences passées.] Cahiers de
Sociologie et de Démographie Médicales, Vol. 39, No. 2-3,
Apr-Sep 1999. 93-112 pp. Paris, France. In Fre. with sum. in Eng.
Current trends in population aging in France are described. The
author notes that the baby-boom cohorts will be starting to reach the
age of retirement from the year 2006 onward, which will accelerate the
process of population aging. "However, the elderly of the year
2020 will be likely different from the elderly of the 90s. More
educated, better cared [for] by a more efficient health system, but
more affected during their adulthood by unemployment and family
[instability], living themselves in an older universe, they will have
new behaviors, and will express perhaps unknown
demands."
Correspondence: P. Festy, Institut National
d'Etudes Démographiques, 133 boulevard Davout, 75980 Paris Cedex
20, France. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:41181 Golini, Antonio.
Population ageing in developed countries: lesson learnt and to be
learnt. In: Population ageing: challenges for policies and
programmes in developed and developing countries, edited by Robert
Cliquet and Mohammed Nizamuddin. 1999. 49-84 pp. United Nations
Population Fund [UNFPA]: New York, New York; Centrum voor Bevolkings-
en Gezinsstudie [CBGS]: Brussels, Belgium. In Eng.
Some aspects of
demographic aging in developed countries are reviewed. There are
sections on fertility and mortality, population momentum, and aging;
the aging of populations and subpopulations; present and future trends:
desirability and/or sustainability; fertility as a keystone in the
contemporary population system; and concluding remarks. The contrast
between what is likely to occur in most developed countries and many
developing countries is stressed.
Correspondence: A.
Golini, Università degli Studi di Roma La Sapienza, Dipartimento
di Scienze Demografiche, Via Nomentana 41, 00161 Rome, Italy.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:41182 Grünheid, Evelyn; Höhn,
Charlotte. Demographic aging and economic growth. Seminar
of the (German) Federal Institute for Population Research in Bingen,
1998. [Demographische Alterung und Wirtschaftswachstum. Seminar
des Bundesinstituts für Bevölkerungsforschung 1998 in
Bingen.] Schriftenreihe des Bundesinstituts für
Bevölkerungsforschung, Vol. 29, ISBN 3-8100-2315-9. 1999. 212 pp.
Leske und Budrich: Opladen, Germany. In Ger.
This volume includes
11 papers by various authors given at a seminar on population aging and
economic growth in Bingen, Germany in 1998. The papers are as follows:
Determinants of and trends in demographic aging, by Charlotte
Höhn; Economic issues, especially quality of life in old age, by
Wilhelm Weber; Hypotheses and empirical findings on demographic aging
and economic growth, by Bert Rürup and Roland Klopfleisch;
Demographic aging and innovation, by Ulrich Blum; Long-term labor force
trends in Germany with special consideration of demographic issues, by
Johann Fuchs; Demographic aging and trends in women's employment, by
Erika Schulz; Demographic aging and economic aspects of migration, by
Bernd Hof; Economic growth, demographic changes, and future
developments in the social security system, by Holger Viebrok; The
effects of demographic changes on health insurance, by Eckhard Knappe
and Sonja Optendrenk; Intergenerational distribution effects on public
funding--an analysis using generational accounting, by Bernhard Manzke;
and The effects of demographic aging on Germany's economic
competitiveness in a global market, by Norbert
Walter.
Correspondence: Leske und Budrich,
Gerhart-Hauptmann-Straße 27, 51379 Leverkusen, Germany.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:41183 Gulati, Leela; Rajan, S.
Irudaya. The added years: elderly in India and
Kerala. Economic and Political Weekly, Vol. 34, No. 44, Oct-Nov
1999. 46-88 pp. Mumbai, India. In Eng.
This special section
includes articles by various authors on aging in India. They are as
follows: Law and women of age: a short note, by Flavia Agnes; Ageing
and women in India, by Malini Karkal; Ageing of women in
post-menopausal stage: need for intervention, by Murli Desai; Three
tales of ageing, by V. Geetha; On the fine edge of real and the
fictional, by Krishna Sarbadhikary; Some comments on national policy on
older persons, by C. P. Sujaya; and Ageing women in a welfare state:
cracks in the Utopia? by Maithreyi Krishnaraj.
Location:
Princeton University Library (PF).
65:41184 Hogan, David B.; Fung, Tak S.; Ebly,
Erika M. Health, function and survival of a cohort of very
old Canadians: results from the second wave of the Canadian Study of
Health and Aging. Canadian Journal of Public Health/Revue
Canadienne de Santé Publique, Vol. 90, No. 5, Sep-Oct 1999.
338-42 pp. Ottawa, Canada. In Eng. with sum. in Fre.
"Seniors
85 years of age and older (85+) make up the fastest-growing segment of
the Canadian population. There is a need for longitudinal data on the
health status of this group. We used data collected as part of the
Canadian Study of Health and Aging to examine how health status changed
over five years in a large (n=1,799) cohort of Canadians 85+. By the
time of the follow-up assessment, 60.1% had died and 33.9% of those who
had been residing in the community when the cohort was initially formed
had been institutionalized. Most (79.2%) of the community survivors
felt that their health had stayed the same or improved, even though
over two thirds (67.9%) reported a decline in their functional
abilities. Potential predictors of both good and adverse outcomes were
explored. While disease prevention, health promotion and environmental
modifications may decrease the personal and societal impacts of these
age-associated findings, health care planning for the very old should
take these data into account."
Correspondence: D. B.
Hogan, University of Calgary, Health Sciences Centre, 3330 Hospital
Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada. E-mail: dhogan@ucalgary.ca.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:41185 Hossain, M. Ripter.
Population aging in Bangladesh and its perspectives. Man in
India, Vol. 79, No. 1 & 2, Jan-Jun 1999. 111-22 pp. Ranchi, India.
In Eng.
"In this piece of work the evolutionary process of
population aging in Bangladesh is examined by analysing proportion of
the aged population, life expectancy of the aged, total age structure,
mortality patterns of the aged and by computing aging indices. It is
revealed that there will be [a] remarkable increase in the aged
population of Bangladesh from the beginning of the next century and by
the year 2030 the country will have to bear the aged population of 11.5
million. The aging indices also reflect the sex differential in aging,
clearly indicating the need for special attention towards
[females]."
Correspondence: M. R. Hossain, University
of Rajshahi, Department of Statistics, Rajshahi-6205, Bangladesh.
Location: Princeton University Library (PR).
65:41186 Katus, Kalev. General
trend of population ageing in Estonia. Trames, Vol. 1, No. 3,
1997. 190-220 pp. Tallinn, Estonia. In Eng.
"The paper
outlines general trends in population ageing in Estonia. The process is
analysed in the European context, determining the most specific trends
and the major time frames of the population ageing. The analysis is
mainly based on general indicators of the population ageing, calculated
on the basis of data from nine censuses carried out on the Estonian
territory. Using the same general indicators the population ageing and
its differences in two sub-population groups of Estonia, native-born
and immigrant population, is followed up to the year 2030 on the basis
of population prognosis."
Correspondence: K. Kalev,
Estonian Interuniversity Population Research Centre, P.O. Box 3012,
0090 Tallinn, Estonia. E-mail: asta@ekdk.estnet.ee. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:41187 Knodel, John. The
demography of Asian ageing: past accomplishments and future
challenges. Asia-Pacific Population Journal, Vol. 14, No. 4, Dec
1999. 39-56 pp. Bangkok, Thailand. In Eng.
"While rapid
population growth was the major demographic issue of public, political
and scientific concern in much of Asia during the last half century,
population ageing is poised to replace it as the major demographic
preoccupation in the twenty-first century. In describing the situation
in countries of the region, the article points out two major concerns
for government policy makers: how to ensure adequate health care and
adequate economic and social support for the elderly. The article
outlines a number of issues for research and highlights the challenges
for demographers in addressing the projected situation in the
not-too-distant future."
Correspondence: J. Knodel,
University of Michigan, Population Studies Center, 426 Thompson Street,
P.O. Box 1248, Ann Arbor, MI 4810. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
65:41188 Lai, Dejian; Hardy, Robert
J. Potential gains in life expectancy or years of
potential life lost: impact of competing risks of death.
International Journal of Epidemiology, Vol. 28, No. 5, Oct 1999. 894-8
pp. Oxford, England. In Eng.
"The potential gains in life
expectancy (PGLE) by elimination of deaths from HIV/AIDS, diseases of
the heart and malignant neoplasms were compared to the years of
potential life lost (YPLL) due to these causes in measuring the impact
of premature death for the U.S. population of working age
(15-64)." Official data for the period 1987-1992 are used for the
comparison. "The PGLE by elimination of deaths from diseases takes
into account the competing risks on the population and it can be
compared easily across populations. The YPLL is an index that does not
take into account competing risks and it is also heavily influenced by
the age structure and total population size. Although there are several
standardization techniques proposed to improved the comparability of
the YPLL across different populations, the YPLL fails to address the
central issue of competing risks operating on the population. For this
reason, we prefer the PGLE to the YPLL in measuring the impact of
premature deaths on a population."
Correspondence: D.
Lai, University of Texas, School of Public Health, Houston, TX 77030.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:41189 Lambrecht, M.
Demographic aging. From the analysis of population dynamics to the
risk of premature conclusions. [Le vieillissement
démographique. De l'analyse des évolutions de populations
au risque de conclusions hâtives.] Planning Paper, No. 81, Nov
1997. 38 pp. Bureau Fédéral du Plan: Brussels, Belgium.
In Fre.
This document is about population aging in Belgium.
Population trends since the end of World War II and some recent
projections up to the year 2050 are first introduced. The implications
of these trends for the characteristics of the population are
considered next. Finally, the author analyzes the impact of these
demographic changes on the country's ability to finance its national
pension system in the future.
Correspondence: Bureau
Fédéral du Plan, Avenue des Arts 47-49, 1000 Brussels,
Belgium. E-mail: contact@plan.be. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
65:41190 Linhart, Sepp. The
impacts of population aging on social institutions in Japan. [Die
Auswirkungen der Alterung der Bevölkerung auf gesellschaftliche
Institutionen in Japan.] Angewandte Sozialforschung, Vol. 21, No. 1-2,
1998-1999. 61-71, 118 pp. Vienna, Austria. In Ger. with sum. in Eng.
"The aging of Japan's population is presently occurring at a
tremendous speed. Already in the year 2000 Japan will have the highest
percentage of aged people among all countries of the world. This
contribution, firstly, discusses various consequences which this rapid
process of aging is carrying along on three levels: that of the state,
the community and the individual, stressing that these consequences are
similar in most countries. Different, though, are the reactions and
policy measures of the societies that have to cope with new problems.
Japan very early decided not to follow the example of European style
welfare states but to create a `Japanese style welfare society'. The
paradox clearly visible already is that the high number of the elderly
leads to counter-measures which seem to undermine various institutions
thought to be typically Japanese."
Correspondence: S.
Linhart, Universität Wien, Institut für Japanologie,
AAKH-CAMPUS, Spitalgasse 2-4, 1090 Vienna, Austria. E-mail:
sepp.linhart@univie.ac.at. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
65:41191 Mayer, Peter. India's
falling sex ratios. Population and Development Review, Vol. 25,
No. 2, Jun 1999. 323-43, 407, 409 pp. New York, New York. In Eng. with
sum. in Fre; Spa.
"The proportion of females in India's
population, low compared to other countries, reached its lowest level
this century in the 1991 census.... The persistent decline in the
twentieth century has been the subject of renewed investigation and
critical comment over the past two decades. While many explanations for
the decline have been offered, almost without exception these have not
addressed the causes of the nearly continuous fall observed since 1901.
Several possible long-term changes are investigated in this note. The
author argues that India's declining sex ratio is primarily an artifact
of the dynamics of India's population
growth."
Correspondence: P. Mayer, University of
Adelaide, Politics Department, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:41192 Mirkin, Barry; Weinberger, Mary
B. Demographic, economic and social aspects of population
ageing. In: Population ageing: challenges for policies and
programmes in developed and developing countries, edited by Robert
Cliquet and Mohammed Nizamuddin. 1999. 27-47 pp. United Nations
Population Fund [UNFPA]: New York, New York; Centrum voor Bevolkings-
en Gezinsstudie [CBGS]: Brussels, Belgium. In Eng.
An overview of
the demographic aspects of global population aging is first presented,
with sections on the speed of aging, age patterns of the sex ratio,
demographic causes of population aging, trends in the dependency
burden, and urbanization. In the second part, the economic aspects of
aging populations are discussed, including economic growth, savings,
and investment; labor markets; pension schemes; and health and
long-term care. The third part focuses on social aspects, including
family structure and living arrangements, and the socioeconomic status
of older persons.
Correspondence: B. Mirkin, UN Department
of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division, DC2 1950, United
Nations, New York, NY 10017. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
65:41193 Moore, Eric G.; McGuinness, Donald
L. Geographic dimensions of aging. In: Migration and
restructuring in the United States: a geographic perspective, edited by
Kavita Pandit and Suzanne D. Withers. 1999. 139-73 pp. Rowman and
Littlefield: Lanham, Maryland/London, England. In Eng.
"The
major focus of this chapter is on the geographic dimensions of aging
and the demographic processes that underlie them, with the empirical
focus on the Canadian experience in the latter part of the 1980s. The
proportion of the population over 65 varies considerably among census
divisions across the country.... The fundamental question we address is
how this distribution changed in the five-year period from 1986 to 1991
and the way in which those changes relate to the demographic and
socioeconomic attributes of small areas. Where appropriate, we compare
the Canadian experience with research in the United States where many
demographic forces are behaving in a similar way to those in
Canada."
Correspondence: E. G. Moore, Queen's
University, Department of Geography, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:41194 Muschkin, Clara G.; Patterson, Carol
J. Aging trends--Puerto Rico. Journal of
Cross-Cultural Gerontology, Vol. 12, No. 4, Dec 1997. 373-85 pp.
Dordrecht, Netherlands. In Eng.
The current status of demographic
aging in Puerto Rico is reviewed. There are sections on fertility
change and aging, migration and aging, mortality change and aging, the
gender gap in life expectancy, median age and support ratios, Puerto
Ricans in the United States, marital status and living arrangements,
and labor force participation and economic
status.
Correspondence: Kevin Kinsella, U.S. Bureau of the
Census, International Programs Center, Room 113, Washington Plaza II,
Washington, D.C. 20233. E-mail: kkinsell@census.gov. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:41195 Nieminen, Mauri.
Population growth and aging in Finland. Yearbook of Population
Research in Finland, Vol. 35, 1998-1999. 12-23 pp. Helsinki, Finland.
In Eng.
The author analyzes population growth and aging in Finland,
with a focus on the consequences of an increased number of elderly
people. Changes in fertility, mortality, and migration trends are
examined. The social and economic effects of slowed population growth
and a larger population aged 80 and over are
discussed.
Correspondence: M. Nieminen, Statistics Finland,
Population Statistics Division, Helsinki, Finland. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:41196 Nizamuddin, Mohammed.
Population ageing: an overview. In: Population ageing:
challenges for policies and programmes in developed and developing
countries, edited by Robert Cliquet and Mohammed Nizamuddin. 1999. 3-26
pp. United Nations Population Fund [UNFPA]: New York, New York; Centrum
voor Bevolkings- en Gezinsstudie [CBGS]: Brussels, Belgium. In Eng.
"This review is divided into two broad parts. In the first
part, the contribution addresses the fundamental demographic processes
which underlie the structural ageing of populations and the outcomes in
terms of changing age and gender balances, and uneven spatial
distribution.... Part two addresses the major issues produced by ageing
processes for individuals and national governments or agencies in the
context of diverse cultural, social and economic contexts. These issues
range from the personal needs and preferences of older persons
themselves to the support of caregivers and agencies, and to private
and public obligations and funding for the welfare of older
persons."
Correspondence: M. Nizamuddin, United
Nations Population Fund, Technical and Policy Division, 220 East 42nd
Street, New York, NY 10017. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
65:41197 Nonaka, K.; Desjardins, B.;
Charbonneau, H.; Légaré, J.; Miura, T. Human
sex ratio at birth and mother's birth season: multivariate
analysis. Human Biology, Vol. 71, No. 5, Oct 1999. 875-84 pp.
Detroit, Michigan. In Eng.
"We used a population-based
historical French Canadian database to examine the effects of mother's
birth season on sex ratio at birth.... Season of child's birth
significantly affected the sex ratio.... Season of mother's birth also
contributed highly significantly to the variation of sex ratio.... In
contrast, season of father's birth did not affect the sex
ratio...."
Correspondence: K. Nonaka, Teikyo
University School of Medicine, Department of Hygiene, 2-11-1 Kaga,
Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8605, Japan. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
65:41198 Ntozi, James P. M.; Nakanaabi,
Immaculate M. Ageing problem in Sub-Saharan Africa in the
context of the AIDS epidemic. In: Population ageing: challenges
for policies and programmes in developed and developing countries,
edited by Robert Cliquet and Mohammed Nizamuddin. Sep 1999. 251-64 pp.
United Nations Population Fund [UNFPA]: New York, New York; Centrum
voor Bevolkings- en Gezinsstudie [CBGS]: Brussels, Belgium. In Eng.
The problem of population aging in Sub-Saharan Africa is reviewed
in the light of the AIDS epidemic. The authors note that, although the
proportion of the population that is elderly is still relatively small,
it is likely to increase over time. They also note that very few
African countries are in a position to develop social programs to
provide support for the elderly, and that the problems of dealing with
the AIDS epidemic have made this situation even
worse.
Correspondence: J. P. M. Ntozi, Makerere University,
Department of Population Studies Kampala, Uganda. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:41199 Peng, Xizhe; Huang, Juan.
Chinese traditional medicine and abnormal sex ratio at birth in
China. Journal of Biosocial Science, Vol. 31, No. 4, Oct 1999.
487-503 pp. Cambridge, England. In Eng.
"A study of the
abnormal sex ratio at birth in China reveals that it is not an entirely
new phenomenon that emerged since the 1980s, but is simply more visible
at present. Deliberate intervention to determine the sex of children
has existed in the past few decades, at least in certain groups. Apart
from modern medical methods, traditional Chinese medical practice is
shown to be highly accurate in identifying the sex of a fetus. This may
lead to sex-selective abortion and an abnormal sex ratio at birth. The
possible causes of the abnormal sex ratio at birth include not only the
real imbalance due to the disturbance of social factors, but also a
spurious one attributable to the undercounting of female births. The
real magnitude of the imbalance has been exaggerated by statistical
error. The phenomenon is a complicated one reflecting the comprehensive
socioeconomic setting. Among these factors, the stage of the fertility
transition is one of the most decisive."
Correspondence:
X. Peng, Fudan University, Institute of Population Research, 220
Handan Road, Shanghai 200433, China. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
65:41200 Rajan, S. Irudaya; Mishra, U. S.;
Sarma, P. Sankara. India's elderly: Burden or
challenge? ISBN 0-7619-9291-X. LC 98-46660. 1999. 356 pp. Sage
Publications: Thousand Oaks, California/New Delhi, India. In Eng.
"The purpose of this...book is to assist a better
understanding of the socio-economic and demographic dynamics of India's
elderly in order to design appropriate programmes and policies to cater
to their needs. The authors present a comprehensive account of the
different dimensions of elderly life in India. A unique feature of this
book is the demographic assessment (based on projections of the elderly
in 25 states and 7 union territories) of the number of India's elderly
up to the year 2021. Using data from the 1961, 1971, 1981 and 1991
censuses, the National Sample Survey, and the Ageing Survey, the
socio-economic characteristics of the elderly--such as level of
literacy, work, sex ratio, marital and health status, household
structure, rural-urban distribution and living arrangements--are
discussed in detail. This is complemented by case studies of and group
discussions with the elderly to assess their views about life and
society. The authors conclude with policy prescriptions for enhancing
the quality of life of India's senior
citizens."
Correspondence: Sage Publications, M-32
Greater Kailash Market I, New Delhi 110 048, India. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:41201 Reher, David-Sven.
Elderly and aging in historical perspective: the challenge of a
field at its apogee. [Vejez y envejecimiento en perspectiva
histórica: retos de un campo en auge.] Política y
Sociedad, No. 26, Sep-Dec 1997. 63-71, 187 pp. Madrid, Spain. In Spa.
with sum. in Eng.
"In this paper, the author stresses the
importance of aging for contemporary societies as well as the
significance of research on historical aging processes as a basis for a
better understanding of aging today. Despite its importance, aging and
the elderly have never...received the widespread attention of
historians, in particular those working on the history of Spain. The
author points out a number of key themes and ways of conceptualizing
them in future research on this subject, indicating potentially
fruitful areas of research as well as some of the pitfalls inherent in
this subject."
Correspondence: D.-S. Reher,
Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Departamento de Sociología
II, Ciudad Universitaria, 28040 Madrid, Spain. Location:
Princeton University Library (PR).
65:41202 Riche, Martha F.; Waldrop,
Judith. America's changing demographic tapestry. In:
America's demographic tapestry: baseline for the new millennium, edited
by James W. Hughes and Joseph J. Seneca. 1999. 21-33 pp. Rutgers
University Press: New Brunswick, New Jersey. In Eng.
This is a
review of some of the ways that the population of the United States is
changing. The author focuses on five demographic trends of
significance, which are cultural diversity, age diversity, life-style
diversity, socioeconomic diversity, and life-course
diversity.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:41203 Riis, Ilan. The
secondary sex ratio in Israel: 1980-1985. Social Biology, Vol. 46,
No. 1-2, Spring-Summer 1999. 33-46 pp. Port Angeles, Washington. In
Eng.
"This study deals with models and hypotheses that attempt
to explain the underlying mechanisms determining the sex ratios at
birth in human populations. Since the factors responsible are still
questionable and research results are contradictory, we examine data
available in Israel on the sex ratios at birth among two different
sociodemographic groups, Jews and Moslems. Results suggest a difference
between Jewish and Moslem patterns of secondary sex ratios with respect
to parental age, education, and birth number. The difference may be
described as a more regular and, by existing models, a more predictable
pattern of secondary sex ratio among Moslems than among Jews. The
possibility that Jewish religious laws play a role in this difference
is discussed."
Correspondence: I. Riis, Central Bureau
of Statistics, 41/6 Hel HaAvir Street, Pisgat Zeev, Jerusalem 97535,
Israel. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:41204 Rogerson, Peter A.
Geography of the baby-boom cohort. In: Migration and
restructuring in the United States: a geographic perspective, edited by
Kavita Pandit and Suzanne D. Withers. 1999. 174-92 pp. Rowman and
Littlefield: Lanham, Maryland/London, England. In Eng.
This chapter
is concerned with some geographic aspects of the baby-boom generation
in the United States, with special consideration given to the question
of intergenerational relationships. "In addition to a concern with
intergenerational relationships and the consequences of mobility and
migration patterns, the chapter also addresses related questions
associated with measurement. Examples of such questions include: How
many members does the baby-boom echo cohort (defined as children of
baby boomers) have, and how old are its members? How many parents of
baby boomers are still alive, and how will that number change over the
next few decades? How far do people move, and what is the extent of
intergenerational geographic proximity?"
Correspondence:
P. A. Rogerson, State University of New York, Department of
Geography, Wilkeson Hall, Buffalo, NY 14261. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:41205 Savelieva, Irina; Hegazy,
Mohammed. Demographic profile of Tatarstan Republic.
In: CDC 27th annual seminar on population issues in the Middle East,
Africa and Asia. 1998. 91-113 pp. Cairo Demographic Centre: Cairo,
Egypt. In Eng.
"This study aims at giving a general evaluation
of [the] current demographic situation [in Tatarstan, located in the
Russian Federation. Its] main objectives are to analyze the dynamics
and trends of basic indicators composing [the] demographic profile such
as crude birth rate, crude death rate, infant mortality rate,
population growth rate and age structure; [and] to analyze trends in
demographic processes [such] as migration and urbanization." Data
are mainly from official 1993 estimates.
Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:41206 Sednawi, Korania T.
Population profile of the Palestinians living in camps in Syria,
1995. In: CDC 27th annual seminar on population issues in the
Middle East, Africa and Asia. 1998. 14-34 pp. Cairo Demographic Center:
Cairo, Egypt. In Eng.
This is a demographic analysis of the
Palestinian population living in Syrian camps, half of which are in
Damascus. The camp population is described in terms of age and sex
composition, marital status, education, fertility and family planning,
and maternal and child health. Data are from a 1995 sample survey
carried out by the Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics with the
collaboration of the United Nations Children's Fund
(Unicef).
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:41207 Solís, Patricio.
Entrance into the fourth age in Mexico: an estimation of its
intensity, timing, and implications in family and social support for
the aged. [El ingreso a la cuarta edad en México: una
aproximación a su intensidad, calendario e implicaciones en el
apoyo familiar y social a los ancianos.] Papeles de Población,
Vol. 5, No. 19, Jan-Mar 1999. 43-63 pp. Toluca, Mexico. In Spa. with
sum. in Eng.
"The study of health conditions in later ages
must depart from the distinction between aging free of disabilities and
the final stage of frailty and functional disability, which we call the
`fourth age'. In this paper we explore the prevalence of the fourth age
in Mexico among different population groups, as well as its increasing
trend with age and some of its effects on family support. The results
suggest that the probability of entering into the fourth age notably
increases after age 75. They also indicate that the transition to the
fourth age implies the intensification of family support--especially
physical assistance--along with an increasing load in support tasks for
women."
Correspondence: P. Solís, Universidad
Autónoma de Nuevo León, Facultad Latinoamericana de
Ciencias Sociales, Nuevo León, Mexico. E-mail:
patricio@prc.utexas.edu. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
65:41208 Spain. Ministerio de Asuntos Sociales
(Madrid, Spain). Population under age 18 in Spain: general
statistical data, 1991. [Población menor de 18 años
en España: datos estadísticos generales 1991.] ISBN
84-7850-029-4. [1991]. 173 pp. Madrid, Spain. In Spa.
This
publication contains a selection of data on children and young people
under 18 years of age in Spain, the most recent of which are for 1986.
The first section has data on the characteristics of this population by
sex and province, fertility, and infant and child mortality. There are
also sections on the family, health, education, and other social
factors.
Correspondence: Ministerio de Asuntos Sociales,
Centro de Publicaciones, José Abascal 39, 28003 Madrid, Spain.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:41209 Sprangers, A. H. How
many people experience their second turn of the century? [Hoeveel
mensen maken voor de tweede keer een eeuwwisseling mee?]
Maandstatistiek van de Bevolking, Vol. 47, No. 11, Nov 1999. 10-1 pp.
Voorburg, Netherlands. In Dut. with sum. in Eng.
"It is
expected that about 1,050 people of 100 years or older will be living
in the Netherlands on 1 January 2000. As these people were born at the
end of the 19th century, they will, for the second time in their lives,
experience a turn of the century. The number of centenarians in the
Netherlands has increased strongly in the course of the 20th century,
especially during the second half of this century. A hundred years ago
no more than 10 centenarians were living in the Netherlands. Due to the
lower mortality rates for women, at present about seven out of every
eight centenarians are female. According to the Dutch Population
Forecasts the number of centenarians will further increase to about
5,000 in 2050."
Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
65:41210 United Nations. Department of
Economic and Social Affairs. Population Division (New York, New
York). Population ageing 1999. No. ST/ESA/SER.A/179,
Pub. Order No. E.99.XIII.11. Jun 1999. 1 pp. New York, New York. In
Eng.
This poster provides tabular data on population aging trends
worldwide in 1999. Information is included on number and percentage of
population aged 60 years or older; percentage (men and women) currently
married; percentage in the labor force; potential support ratio;
statutory retirement age; and life expectancy at age
60.
Correspondence: United Nations, Department of Economic
and Social Affairs, Population Division, New York, NY 10017.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:41211 Vanderleyden, Lieve; Schoenmaeckers,
Ronald C. Population ageing: key issues and
recommendations for action. In: Population ageing: challenges for
policies and programmes in developed and developing countries, edited
by Robert Cliquet and Mohammed Nizamuddin. Sep 1999. 267-88 pp. United
Nations Population Fund [UNFPA]: New York, New York; Centrum voor
Bevolkings- en Gezinsstudie [CBGS]: Brussels, Belgium. In Eng.
This
contribution presents the recommendations of the joint UNFPA/CBGS
Technical Meeting on Population Ageing held in Brussels, Belgium,
October 6-9, 1998. Demographic trends and the changing age structure in
the developed and developing countries are first described. Sections
are included on health promotion and access to resources in later life,
support systems for the elderly and the quality of life, special needs
of the elderly, economic implications of an older society, and social
policy implications of an older society. The paper concludes by
identifying 10 key issues and presents associated recommendations on
those issues.
Correspondence: L. Vanderleyden, Centrum voor
Bevolkings- en Gezinsstudie, Markiesstraat 1, 1000 Brussels, Belgium.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:41212 Waldron, Ingrid. Factors
determining the sex ratio at birth. In: Too young to die: genes or
gender? 1998. 53-63 pp. UN Department of Economic and Social Affairs:
New York, New York. In Eng.
"There are more male than female
live births in human populations throughout the world, although the
extent of the male excess varies between groups.... It has been widely
argued that males have higher mortality risk than females in utero, and
consequently it can be concluded that more males than females are
conceived. However, evidence reviewed in the present chapter shows that
sex differences in mortality risk are unknown for the early period of
embryonic development when mortality risk is highest, and the sex ratio
at conception is also unknown at present. After a methodological
introduction...the present chapter discusses three interrelated topics:
the patterns and correlates of sex ratios at birth...sex differences in
mortality before birth...and the sex ratio at
conception...."
Correspondence: I. Waldron, University
of Pennsylvania, Department of Biology, Leidy Laboratory, Philadelphia,
PA 19104-6018. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:41213 Yntema, Sharon.
Americans 55 and older: a changing market. 2nd ed. ISBN
1-885070-23-3. 1999. xiv, 421 pp. New Strategist Publications: Ithaca,
New York. In Eng.
This book is designed as a sourcebook on the
demographics of the population over age 55 in the United States,
providing information on their attitudes and behavior, education,
health, income, labor force participation, living arrangements,
population characteristics, spending, and
wealth.
Correspondence: New Strategist Publications, P.O.
Box 242, Ithaca, NY 14851. E-mail: demographics@newstrategist.com.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:41214 Zeng, Yi. Population
ageing in China: policy trade-off and challenges. In: Population
ageing: challenges for policies and programmes in developed and
developing countries, edited by Robert Cliquet and Mohammed Nizamuddin.
Sep 1999. 221-32 pp. United Nations Population Fund [UNFPA]: New York,
New York; Centrum voor Bevolkings- en Gezinsstudie [CBGS]: Brussels,
Belgium. In Eng.
The main demographic facts that indicate that
population aging will become a major issue in China before 2050 are
first outlined. The following sections examine the policy trade-off
between population growth and population aging, the present challenges
the country faces in trying to establish an old-age insurance system in
rural areas, problems associated with reforming the old-age insurance
system in urban areas, and the need to continue to encourage the
family-support system.
Correspondence: Y. Zeng, Peking
University, Institute of Population Research, 1 Loudouqiao, Hai Dian,
Beijing 10087, China. Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
65:41215 Zetina Lozano, María
G. Conceptualization of the aging process.
[Conceptualización del proceso de envejecimiento.] Papeles de
Población, Vol. 5, No. 19, Jan-Mar 1999. 23-41 pp. Toluca,
Mexico. In Spa. with sum. in Eng.
"The study of the
elderly...requires...taking [into] account different disciplines, focus
and theoretical issues.... From this theoretical review emerge some
hypothetical issues: the third age is a dynamic process; therefore [it]
is necessary to study it through [the] diverse phases and to look at
the life style of...the elderly.... [It is also] necessary to study the
family interrelations and life style of the elderly in order to obtain
an integrated study."
Correspondence: M. G. Zetina
Lozano, Instituto Mexicano de Estudios Sociales, Mexico City, DF,
Mexico. E-mail: imesmsr@infosel.net.mx. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
Descriptive studies of menarche and menopause, longevity, and increasing the life span, as well as other biological characteristics such as sex selection. Studies that are concerned with menarche and menopause as they specifically affect fertility are coded under F.5. Factors Other Than Contraception Affecting Fertility.
65:41216 Gavrilov, Leonid A.; Gavrilova,
Natalia S. Data resources for biodemographic studies on
familial clustering of human longevity. Demographic Research, Vol.
1, 1999. Rostock, Germany. In Eng.
"The purpose of this work
is to review the data resources that could be used in familial studies
of human longevity.... The review describes: (1) data resources
developed for biodemographic studies, (2) data collected in the
projects on historical demography, (3) data resources for long lived
individuals and their families, (4) publicly available computerized
genealogical data resources, (5) published genealogical and family
history data. The review also contains the description of databases
developed by the participants of the research workshops [on] Genes,
Genealogies, and Longevity organized by the Max Planck Institute for
Demographic Research."
Correspondence: L. A. Gavrilov,
University of Chicago, Center on Aging, Chicago, Illinois.
65:41217 Kannisto, Väinö.
Longevity in the light of the latest data. Yearbook of
Population Research in Finland, Vol. 35, 1998-1999. 24-9 pp. Helsinki,
Finland. In Eng.
The author analyzes trends in life expectancy in
selected developed countries. Information is provided on changes in
life expectancy at age 80 for males and females; annual decline in the
probability of dying within 12 months; population aged 80 and over in
1950 and 1990; and some indicators projected to the year
2050.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:41218 Kranczer, Stanley.
Continued United States longevity increases. Statistical
Bulletin of the Metropolitan Life Insurance Company, Vol. 80, No. 4,
Oct-Dec 1999. 20-7 pp. New York, New York. In Eng.
The author
reviews recent trends in life expectancy in the United States. Sections
are included on race and sex analysis, chances of survival, individual
life expectancies, and racial differences.
Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:41219 La Rochebrochard, Elise de.
The age at which girls and boys reach puberty in France: measures
from a survey on adolescent sexuality. [Les âges à la
puberté des filles et des garçons en France: mesures
à partir d'une enquête sur la sexualité des
adolescents.] Population, Vol. 54, No. 6, Nov-Dec 1999. 933-62 pp.
Paris, France. In Fre. with sum. in Eng; Spa.
An analysis of the
age at puberty for both sexes is presented using data from the Analysis
of Sexual Behavior of Young People (ACSJ) survey carried out in France
in 1994 on the generation born between 1975 and 1978. "Puberty in
girls is identified by the onset of menstruation, at a median age of
13.1. Using this indicator, a long-term decline in age at puberty has
been established for the developed countries as a whole. This
historical change seems to be continuing in France though it has
stabilized in several countries. Puberty in boys is harder to identify
and there is continuing debate over the choice of a suitable indicator.
Using the ACSJ survey, three possible indicators can be suggested: the
breaking of the voice (median age 14.8), the maximum growth rate
(median age 16) and the first masturbation (median age 14.2). Of these
three indicators, the breaking of the voice appears to be the most
satisfactory for identifying male puberty."
Correspondence:
E. de La Rochebrochard, Institut National d'Etudes
Démographiques, 133 boulevard Davout, 75980 Paris Cedex 20,
France. E-mail: roche@ined.fr. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
65:41220 Le Bourg, Eric. Some
questions about aging. [Le vieillissement en questions.] ISBN
2-271-05621-7. 1998. Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique
[CNRS]: Paris, France. In Fre.
In this study, designed for the
nonspecialist, the author examines the factors that affect human aging.
The emphasis is on attempting to answer some of the most commonly asked
questions about the aging process. There are chapters on demographic
aging, the laws governing differences in aging among species,
methodological aspects, theories of aging, ways to increase longevity,
and achievements in increasing human longevity.
Correspondence:
Editions du Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 15 quai
Anatole France, 75700 Paris, France. Location: Institut
National d'Etudes Demographiques, Paris, France.
65:41221 Manton, Kenneth G.
Dynamic paradigms for human mortality and aging. Journals of
Gerontology, Series A: Biological Sciences, Vol. 54, No. 6, Jun 1999.
247-54 pp. Washington, D. C. In Eng.
"Hazard models are often
applied to mortality data of humans and other species so that the
parameter estimates made for those models can be used to make
inferences about the biology, and comparative biology, of ageing
processes. Enough longitudinal data on physiological and functional
changes in humans now exist to know that the age trajectory of the
physiological state of individuals is multidimensional, stochastic, and
plastic. Thus, to fully asses the biological significance of existing
longitudinal data on human aging and mortality processes, multivariate
stochastic process models must be developed that are biologically
detailed and valid. This requires assessing genetic mechanisms
controlling human longevity and rates of aging, developing models of
how those traits may have evolved, and developing statistical methods
for identifying gene environment interactions. This article examines
the theoretical basis for such models and the biological rationale of
their parametric structure. Several examples are
given."
Correspondence: K. G. Manton, Duke University,
Center for Demographic Studies, 2117 Campus Drive, Box 90408, Durham,
NC 27708. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:41222 Manton, Kenneth G.; Stallard, Eric;
Corder, Larry. The limits of longevity and their
implications for health and mortality in developed countries. In:
Health and mortality: issues of global concern. Proceedings of the
Symposium on Health and Mortality, Brussels, 19-22 November 1997,
edited by J. Chamie and R. L. Cliquet. 1999. 324-43 pp. Centrum voor
Bevolkings- en Gezinsstudiën [CBGS]: Brussels, Belgium; UN
Department of Economic and Social Affairs: New York, New York. In Eng.
This paper examines the human life span and life expectancy and the
estimation of limits to those quantities. There are sections on the
molecular mechanisms related to life expectancy and life span
differences, regulatory and protective mechanisms influencing life
span, and implications of hormesis and the physiological complexity of
human systems for limits to life span. The authors conclude that a
conservative estimate is that life expectancy in developed countries at
age 65 is likely to increase by one year each decade, assuming no major
breakthroughs in biomedical technology. "This suggests that, for
the United States, in a hundred years male life expectancy at age 65
will increase from about 15.6 to 25.6 years and female life expectancy
from 19.0 to 29.0 years."
Correspondence: K. G.
Manton, Duke University, Center for Demographic Studies, 2117 Campus
Drive, Durham, NC 27706. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
65:41223 Mayer, Karl U.; Baltes, Paul
B. The Berlin study on aging. [Die Berliner
Altersstudie.] ISBN 3-05-002574-3. 1996. 672 pp. Akademie Verlag:
Berlin, Germany. In Ger.
This volume presents the results of the
Berlin study on aging, carried out from 1990 to 1993. Data from 516
people aged 70 to 100 living in West Berlin were collected in 14
sessions that included interviews, physical examinations, and survey
questions. The first section is devoted to methodology; using a variety
of data-collecting methods, the Berlin study gathered information on a
wide range of subjects, including demography, sociology, psychology,
economics, and medicine. The second section details findings in
particular disciplines: morbidity and functionality, psychiatric
health, psychological status, and socioeconomic situation and
inequality. The third and largest section reports results on particular
issues of interest, which include economic situation; social networks,
personality, and cognition; sensory, health, and dental effects of age;
functionality and dependency; subjective well-being; social
integration; and sex differences.
Correspondence: Akademie
Verlag bei Oldenbourg Wissenschaftsverlag, Postfach 80 13 60, 81613
Munich, Germany. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:41224 Ram, Rati. Forty years
of the life span revolution: an exploration of the roles of
"convergence", income, and policy. Economic Development
and Cultural Change, Vol. 46, No. 4, Jul 1998. 849-57 pp. Chicago,
Illinois. In Eng.
"The main purpose of this study is to
undertake an exploratory analysis of some obvious factors that are
likely to have affected the magnitude of the increases in life
expectancy in various countries during the 40-year period 1950-90. The
focus of the work is on modeling the observed increases in life
expectancy, not on studying the consequences of these increases. The
basic framework is that of a quadratic convergence model that includes
an income term."
Correspondence: R. Ram, Illinois
State University, Normal, IL 61761. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPIA).
65:41225 Vaupel, James W.
Demographic analysis of aging and longevity. [Demografische
analyse van de veroudering en de langlevendheid.] Bevolking en Gezin,
Vol. 27, No. 2, 1998. 19-46 pp. Brussels, Belgium. In Dut. with sum. in
Eng.
"The author starts by pointing [out] the central
importance of demography with respect to the social sciences on the one
hand and the biological sciences on the other hand.... The paper is `a
blend of mathematics and statistics with policy analysis and insights
from the biological sciences with insights from the social sciences'.
The central theme of the paper is the decline of mortality at older
ages which questions the so-called biological limit. The author then
turns to the causes for longevity. The increased survival at older ages
is seen as part of the mortality pattern at all ages and regarded in
the context of the issue of selection."
Correspondence:
J. W. Vaupel, Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research,
Doberaner Straße 114, 18057 Rostock, Germany. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
Descriptive studies of income differentials, earnings, career mobility, and other economic characteristics if allocated according to demographic groups. Analytical studies are classified under K.1.1. General Economic Development and Population, and studies concerned with employment and labor force are classified under K.3. Employment and Labor Force Participation.
65:41226 Anand, Sudhir; Morduch,
Jonathan. Poverty and the "population
problem" In: Population and poverty in the developing world,
edited by Massimo Livi-Bacci and Gustavo De Santis. 1999. 9-24 pp.
Clarendon Press: Oxford, England. In Eng.
"In this chapter, we
address three aspects of poverty and the population problem from an
economic perspective. First, we investigate the statistical basis for
the oft-cited positive correlation between poverty and household size.
Second, we re-examine the conflicting economic and demographic
interpretations of this correlation. And third, we examine whether
restricting attention just to the household level misses an important
aspect of the problem. We cite evidence from Bangladesh to suggest that
many of the most pressing issues are at the level of individuals, and
concern the deprivation of girls and women within
households."
Correspondence: S. Anand, Harvard
University, Center for Population and Development Studies, 9 Bow
Street, Cambridge, MA 02138. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
65:41227 Burström, Bo; Diderichsen, Finn;
Shouls, Susanna; Whitehead, Margaret. Lone mothers in
Sweden: trends in health and socioeconomic circumstances,
1979-1995. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, Vol. 53,
No. 12, Dec 1999. 750-6 pp. London, England. In Eng.
Data from the
annual Survey of Living Conditions (ULF) are used to analyze trends in
health and socioeconomic well-being of single mothers in Sweden from
1979 to 1995. The results indicate that "the socioeconomic
conditions of lone mothers deteriorated during the period 1979-1995,
with increasing unemployment and poverty rates. Lone mothers had worse
health status than couple mothers throughout the
period."
Correspondence: B. Burström, Karolinska
Institutet, Division of Social Medicine, Department of Public Health
Sciences, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
65:41228 Burtless, Gary. Effects
of growing wage disparities and changing family composition on the U.S.
income distribution. European Economic Review, Vol. 43, No. 4-7,
1999. 853-65 pp. Amsterdam, Netherlands. In Eng.
"U.S. income
inequality soared after 1979. The present paper estimates the
contribution of increased earnings inequality to the surge in overall
income inequality between 1979 and 1996. The direct contribution of
increased earnings inequality is surprisingly modest. Even if male and
female earnings inequality had remained unchanged at their 1979 levels,
about two thirds of the observed increase in overall U.S. inequality
would have occurred. Other factors contributing to higher overall
inequality include the growing correlation of husband and wife earned
incomes and the increasing percentage of Americans who live in
single-adult families, families that typically have much more unequal
incomes than husband-wife families."
Correspondence:
G. Burtless, Brookings Institution, 1775 Massachusetts Avenue NW,
Washington, D.C. 20036. E-mail: gburtless@brook.edu. Location:
Princeton University Library (PF).
65:41229 Djamba, Yanyi K.; Goldstein, Sidney;
Goldstein, Alice. Migration and occupation change during
periods of economic transition: women and men in Vietnam. PSTC
Working Paper Series, No. 99-06, Aug 1999. 24 pp. Brown University,
Population Studies and Training Center [PSTC]: Providence, Rhode
Island. In Eng.
"This paper examines the impact of migration
on gender differences in occupational mobility, after the introduction
of economic reform (Doi Moi) in Vietnam. Data derived from a survey
conducted in 1997 in six provinces of Vietnam provide the basis for
comparing the experience of permanent migrants, temporary migrants, and
non-migrants. The results show that migration reduces gender
differences in occupational distribution, by increasing women's
participation in traditionally male occupations. But men's relative
advantage in occupational mobility over women's remains, especially
among permanent migrants."
Correspondence: Brown
University, Population Studies and Training Center, Box 1916,
Providence, RI 02912. Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
65:41230 Eastwood, Robert; Lipton,
Michael. The impact of changes in human fertility on
poverty. Journal of Development Studies, Vol. 36, No. 1, Oct 1999.
1-30 pp. London, England. In Eng.
"Household survey data for
developing and transitional economies are used to estimate the effect
of fertility (crude birth rate net of infant deaths) on private
consumption poverty. Cross-national regressions indicate that higher
fertility increases poverty both by retarding economic growth and by
skewing distribution against the poor. Our median country in 1980 had
`dollar-a-day' poverty incidence of 18.9 per cent; had it reduced its
fertility by four per 1,000 throughout the 1980s (the sample median
fall), it is estimated that incidence would have been reduced to 13.9
per cent, the growth and distribution effects being roughly equally
responsible for this reduction."
Location: Princeton
University Library (PF).
65:41231 Ekberg, Jan. Immigration
and the public sector: income effects for the native population in
Sweden. Journal of Population Economics, Vol. 12, No. 3, Aug 1999.
411-30 pp. Berlin, Germany. In Eng.
"The subject for this
article is, in what direction and to what extent the public sector
redistributes incomes between immigrants and natives in Sweden. The
first aim is to present an empirical investigation on whether the
native population of Sweden received positive or negative additional
incomes through the public sector during the year 1991 and the year
1994 due to the presence of the immigrants in the country. The second
aim is to estimate how the immigrants' net contribution to the public
sector changes when their employment rate
changes."
Correspondence: J. Ekberg, Växjö
University, Centre of Labour Market Policy Research, 351 95
Växjö, Sweden. E-mail: Jan.Ekberg@ehv.hv.se. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:41232 Gabriel, Stuart A.; Rosenthal, Stuart
S. Location and the effect of demographic traits on
earnings. Regional Science and Urban Economics, Vol. 29, No. 4,
Jul 1999. 445-61 pp. Amsterdam, Netherlands. In Eng.
"With
mobile workers and competitive markets, equilibrium nominal wage rates
rise with the local costs of living but fall with the value of local
amenities. Earnings and wage regressions that ignore such effects may
suffer from omitted variable bias because observed education and
demographic attributes affect both worker skill levels and location
choice. Geographic fixed effects can be used to control for unobserved
locational attributes provided that their scope is at least as narrow
as the underlying labor markets, but not so narrow as to introduce
simultaneity problems arising from the endogenous choice of location on
the basis of income. Estimates from the 1985-1989 American Housing
Survey suggest that SMSA-level fixed effects control for unobserved
locational attributes without introducing simultaneity
problems."
Correspondence: S. A. Gabriel, University
of Southern California, Marshall School of Business, Department of
Finance and Business Economics, Los Angeles, CA 90089-1421. E-mail:
sgabriel@marshall.usc.edu. Location: Princeton University
Library (PF).
65:41233 Glick, Jennifer E.
Economic support from and to extended kin: a comparison of Mexican
Americans and Mexican immigrants. International Migration Review,
Vol. 33, No. 3, Fall 1999. 745-65 pp. Staten Island, New York. In Eng.
"This article explores the prevalence of economic exchanges
with extended kin within the Mexican-origin population in the United
States. Data from the 1990 U.S. Census and the 1990 Panel Study of
Income Dynamics--Latino Sample are employed to compare the
characteristics of those contributing income to and receiving income
from coresident extended relatives and extended family members in other
households. The results suggest that immigrants, particularly recent
immigrants, are more likely to participate in exchanges with relatives
both within and beyond their household."
Correspondence:
J. E. Glick, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:41234 Hadi, Abdullahel.
Overseas migration and the well-being of those left behind in rural
communities of Bangladesh. Asia-Pacific Population Journal, Vol.
14, No. 1, Mar 1999. 43-58 pp. Bangkok, Thailand. In Eng.
"This article reveals that the flow of remittances, along with
the diffusion of secular values, are the key processes through which
various forms of migration operate to improve the socio-economic
well-being of the household members left behind. It argues not only
that the flow of remittances contributes to raising economic well-being
but also that the social and cultural aspects of overseas migration
have the potential to modify the livelihood and behaviour of the
sending communities through the interaction of secular ideas with
traditional values." The geographic focus is on
Bangladesh.
Correspondence: A. Hadi, Bangladesh Rural
Advancement Committee, Research and Evaluation Division, 75 Mohakhali,
Dhaka, Bangladesh. E-mail: shirsha@bangla.net. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:41235 Hurd, Michael D.
Mortality risk and consumption by couples. NBER Working Paper,
No. 7048, Mar 1999. 38, [11] pp. National Bureau of Economic Research
[NBER]: Cambridge, Massachusetts. In Eng.
"This paper proposes
and analyzes a life-cycle model of consumption by couples. The model is
considerably more complicated than the standard model for singles
because it has to account for the welfare of a surviving spouse.... The
analysis shows how consumption and the rate of change of bequeathable
wealth [vary]...and it compares the consumption level of a single
person to a couple. Summaries of wealth change and consumption in panel
data are given which offer general support for the life-cycle
model."
Correspondence: National Bureau of Economic
Research, 1050 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02138. Author's
E-mail: mhurd@rand.org. Location: Princeton University Library
(PF).
65:41236 Kalbach, Madeline A.; Kalbach, Warren
E. Persistence of ethnicity and inequality among Canadian
immigrants. Canadian Studies in Population, Vol. 26, No. 1, 1999.
83-105 pp. Edmonton, Canada. In Eng. with sum. in Fre.
"1991
[Canadian] Census data support earlier findings that immigrants who
indicate some degree of `ethnic-connectedness' are more likely to be
disadvantaged with regard to education and economic achievement in a
secular society than the less ethnically connected individuals. The
analysis also supports earlier findings that regardless of origin,
those immigrating to Canada when relatively young have acculturated
more readily and achieved higher educational and economic status than
those arriving as teenagers; and within any ethnic origin group, being
more ethnic is still negatively associated with educational achievement
and economic success."
Correspondence: M. A. Kalbach,
University of Calgary, Department of Sociology, 2500 University Drive
NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
65:41237 Krieg, R. G.
Occupational change and differing returns to migration by
gender. Journal of Socio-Economics, Vol. 25, No. 5, 1996. 591-9
pp. Greenwich, Massachusetts. In Eng.
"In this paper I explore
the consequences of migration on the earnings of individuals by gender
and marital status. Microdata taken from the [U.S.] Panel Study of
Income Dynamics are used to measure the financial returns to
intercounty migration for individuals in a temporal framework
accounting for gains that accrue over time. Earnings are estimated for
a pooled sample of migrants and nonmigrants in a two-stage procedure
correcting for self-selection bias. In order to explain initial losses
often incurred by migrants, employer and occupational change are
interacted with migration status in earnings estimations. Results
indicate that the impact of migration and occupational change vary by
gender and marital status."
Correspondence: R. G.
Krieg, University of Northern Iowa, Department of Economics, Cedar
Falls, IA 50614. E-mail: krieg@cobra.uni.ed. Location:
Princeton University Library (FST).
65:41238 Lee, Jennifer. Retail
niche domination among African American, Jewish, and Korean
entrepreneurs: competition, coethnic advantage and disadvantage.
American Behavioral Scientist, Vol. 42, No. 9, Jun-Jul 1999. 1,398-416
pp. Thousand Oaks, California. In Eng.
"Do immigrant
entrepreneurs who open businesses in predominantly Black [U.S.]
neighborhoods take business opportunities away from African Americans
in the community? The article examines why African Americans, Jews, and
Koreans enter different retail niches and explores the coethnic
advantages and disadvantages of niche domination. The article also
illustrates how niches remain closed to outsiders, resulting in
business disadvantage or exclusion from certain
niches."
Correspondence: J. Lee, University of
California, Department of Sociology, 2201 Hershey Hall, Box 951551, Los
Angeles, CA 90095-1551. E-mail: jlee@soc.ucla.edu. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:41239 Lee, Sharon M. Do
foreign birth and Asian minority status lower Canadian women's
earnings? Canadian Studies in Population, Vol. 26, No. 2, 1999.
159-82 pp. Edmonton, Canada. In Eng. with sum. in Fre.
"This
paper examines the effects of foreign birth and Asian minority status
on Canadian women's earnings. Four groups are compared: native- and
foreign-born European- and Asian-origin women. The paper finds that
while foreign birth and Asian ethnicity lower women's earnings, the
negative effect of foreign birth is twice as large. Asian ethnicity is
not consistently negative: returns to native-born Asians' human capital
are comparable to European-origin women's, and negative effects
associated with foreign birth are not consistently larger for Asian
immigrants. The effects of nativity and Asian ethnicity on earnings are
becoming more complex as immigration continues to alter Canadian
society."
Correspondence: S. M. Lee, Portland State
University, Department of Sociology, Portland, OR 97207. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:41240 Levy, Frank. How big is
the income dilemma? In: America's demographic tapestry: baseline
for the new millennium, edited by James W. Hughes and Joseph J. Seneca.
1999. 101-34 pp. Rutgers University Press: New Brunswick, New Jersey.
In Eng.
The author uses data from the Current Population Survey and
other official sources to analyze recent trends in U.S. incomes and
household living standards. Consideration is also given to the main
sources of data on incomes and the problems they pose, as well as to
public perceptions on incomes and whether the standard of living is
improving or not. Particular attention is given to how different kinds
of families are affected by these trends.
Correspondence:
F. Levy, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of
Urban Studies and Planning, Cambridge, MA 02139. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:41241 Lipton, Michael.
Population and poverty: How do they interact? In: Population
and poverty in the developing world, edited by Massimo Livi-Bacci and
Gustavo De Santis. 1999. 25-48 pp. Clarendon Press: Oxford, England. In
Eng.
"This chapter explores what `poverty' is, and which
`population' variables interact with it." To set up a framework
for the discussion, the author first lists some population variables
that interact with poverty: population size, density, structure, and
growth; and numbers, age distribution, and location of births and
deaths. He also posits four indirect poverty-related variables: private
consumption per person; its distribution; other components of real GNP
such as investment, health, and education; and their distribution. The
rest of the chapter focuses on a few of these variables: household size
and poverty, fertility, and economic growth; and poverty as a driver of
demographic trends. The author concludes that there is generally
reciprocal causation between low birth rates and low
poverty.
Correspondence: M. Lipton, University of Sussex,
Poverty Research Unit, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9RH, England. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:41242 Livi-Bacci, Massimo; De Santis,
Gustavo. Population and poverty in the developing
world. International Studies in Demography, ISBN 0-19-829300-3. LC
98-28485. 1999. x, 305 pp. Clarendon Press: Oxford, England. In Eng.
This book is the result of a conference on population and poverty
initiated by the International Union for the Scientific Study of
Population (IUSSP), the Child Development Centre of Unicef, and the
University of Florence. It was convened in Florence, Italy, in March
1995. "Demographers, economists, and, more generally, social
scientists all tried to find a common basis, including a common
language, from which to start to make their [perspectives on poverty]
clear.... [The goal was] a deeper understanding of the nature, causes,
and consequences of poverty and destitution, with the ultimate goal of
its eradication." Eleven papers by various authors are included in
this volume.
Selected items are cited elsewhere in this issue of
Population Index.
Correspondence: Oxford University Press,
Great Clarendon Street, Oxford OX2 6DP, England. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:41243 Macunovich, Diane J. The
fortunes of one's birth: relative cohort size and the youth labor
market in the United States. Journal of Population Economics, Vol.
12, No. 2, May 1999. 215-72 pp. Berlin, Germany. In Eng.
"Using two different measures of relative cohort size...it has
been possible to isolate strong effects of the population age structure
on wages in the United States over the past thirty-three years. These
effects have been strong enough that virtually all of the observed
change in the experience premium, and a substantial proportion of the
changes in the college wage premium, can be explained by the relative
cohort size variables alone. Even changes in the amount of within-group
variance in wages appear to be largely a function of changing age
structure, and absolute wage levels have been strongly affected by
these demographic changes, suggesting that population growth can have
positive effects on the economy."
Correspondence: D.
J. Macunovich, Syracuse University, Maxwell Center for Policy Research,
Syracuse, NY 13244. E-mail: dmacunov@maxwell.syr.edu. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:41244 Macunovich, Diane J. The
role of relative cohort size and relative income in the demographic
transition. Population and Environment, Vol. 21, No. 2, Nov 1999.
155-92 pp. New York, New York. In Eng.
"This paper summarizes
the results of other analyses by the author with regard to the
importance of relative cohort size (RCS) in determining male relative
income (the income of young adults relative to prime-age workers) and
general patterns of economic growth, and in turn influencing fertility
in the currently more-developed nations. It then goes on to demonstrate
that these same effects appear to have been operating in all of the one
hundred-odd nations which have experienced the fertility transition
since 1950. Parameter estimates based on the experience of all 189
countries identified by the United Nations between 1950 and 1995 are
used to simulate the effects on fertility of migration from Third to
First World countries. This exercise suggests that we get the best of
all possible outcomes with migration: population is reduced in
`overcrowded' Third World nations, total world population growth is
substantially reduced, and scores of children are given the opportunity
of growing up with all the educational and health advantages of U.S.
residents."
Correspondence: D. J. Macunovich, Columbia
University, Barnard College, Department of Economics, 3009 Broadway,
New York, NY 10027. E-mail: diane.macunovich@alum.mit.edu.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:41245 Marpsat, Maryse. An
advantage with its limitations: women have a lower risk of becoming
homeless. [Un avantage sous contrainte: le risque moindre pour les
femmes de se trouver sans abri.] Population, Vol. 54, No. 6, Nov-Dec
1999. 885-932 pp. Paris, France. In Fre. with sum. in Eng; Spa.
Reasons why women are relatively rare among the homeless in France,
although they are over-represented in the population experiencing
poverty, are explored. "This article explores the different
factors which combine to give women a relative protection against the
risk of becoming homeless. The author links these factors to the
representations of the roles of men, women and, especially, mothers,
whereby women enjoy secondary advantages associated with a subordinate
position. An examination of the actual form taken by this relative
advantage, however, leads to a partial revision of the idea of `more
favourable situation'."
Correspondence: M. Marpsat,
Institut National d'Etudes Démographiques, 133 boulevard Davout,
75980 Paris Cedex 20, France. E-mail: marpsat@ined.fr. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:41246 McDonald, James T.; Worswick,
Christopher. The earnings of immigrant men in Australia:
assimilation, cohort effects, and macroeconomic conditions.
Economic Record, Vol. 75, No. 228, Mar 1999. 49-62 pp. Sydney,
Australia. In Eng.
"This paper analyzes the earnings of
immigrant men in Australia using data from Income Distribution Surveys
for 1982, 1986 and 1990. The paper expands on the standard approach
used in the literature to evaluate immigrant earnings adjustment by
considering the impact of current labour market conditions and
conditions at labour market entry on current earnings. Immigrants from
non-English speaking backgrounds have significantly lower earnings on
arrival in Australia compared with native-born males, and this gap is
not narrowed as years in Australia increase. However, poorer
macroeconomic conditions at entry are found to have a significantly
smaller negative effect on the earnings of immigrants from non-English
speaking backgrounds than native-born
males."
Correspondence: J. T. McDonald, University of
Tasmania, School of Economics, G.P.O. Box 252-85, Hobart, Tasmania
7001, Australia. Location: Princeton University Library (PF).
65:41247 Mertens, Noortje; Van Doorne-Huiskes,
Anneke; Schippers, Joop; Siegers, Jacques. Women's wage
rates and the timing of children. A simultaneous analysis.
Netherlands Journal of Social Sciences, Vol. 34, No. 1, Nov 1998. 61-77
pp. Assen, Netherlands. In Eng.
The relationship between paid
employment and the timing of childbirth in the Netherlands is explored
using data from a 1992 survey of 2,716 women. "The research
described here focuses on the relation between wage rates and the age
when the first child is born. It examines whether and if so to what
extent women's wage rates, i.e. gross hourly wages at the time of the
interview, are affected by the women's age when the first child is
born. Attention is devoted to the intermediary role of education and
the effect of wage rates on the timing of the first child. To allow for
the possibility of reciprocal causation between wage rates and the
timing of the first child, a simultaneous equations model has been
constructed and estimated."
Correspondence: N.
Mertens, University of Utrecht, Economics Institute, Kromme
Nieuwegracht 22, 3512 HH Utrecht, Netherlands. Location:
Princeton University Library (PR).
65:41248 Montgomery, Mark R.; Gragnolati,
Michele; Burke, Kathleen; Paredes, Edmundo. Measuring
living standards with proxy variables. Population Council Policy
Research Division Working Paper, No. 129, 1999. 66 pp. Population
Council, Policy Research Division: New York, New York. In Eng.
This
study is based on data on household consumption and income from the
World Bank's Living Standards Measurement Study surveys carried out in
five developing countries (Ghana, Jamaica, Pakistan, Peru, and
Tanzania) and the Encuesta Guatemalteca de Salud Familiar. The authors
ask what hypotheses can be tested using proxy variables to measure
standards of living and evaluate the performance of proxy variables in
relation to consumption expenditures. "We find that the proxy
variables commonly employed in demographic research are very weak
predictors of consumption per adult, having partial [R squared] values
that are extremely low. Nevertheless, when other factors are taken into
account, we show that tests based on proxy variables are likely to be
sufficiently powerful to merit consideration. In an examination of
fertility, child mortality, and children's schooling, we compare
coefficient estimates based on consumption per adult to alternative
estimates based on proxies, and find that the proxy-based estimates
provide generally reliable guidance to the sign and magnitude of the
preferred estimates."
Correspondence: Population
Council, Policy Research Division, One Dag Hammarskjold Plaza, New
York, NY 10017. Author's E-mail: mmontgomery@popcouncil.org.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:41249 Murdock, Steve H.; Zhai, Nanbin;
Saenz, Rogelio. The effect of immigration on poverty in
the southwestern United States, 1980-1990. Social Science
Quarterly, Vol. 80, No. 2, Jun 1999. 310-24 pp. Austin, Texas. In Eng.
"The effects of immigration are compared to the effects of
other determinants of poverty for the total population and for three
ethnic minority groups in 58 areas in the southwestern United
States.... The results show significant direct and indirect effects of
immigration on poverty in the total population but not in the minority
subpopulations, and smaller relative direct effects for immigration
than for other determinants of poverty.... The fact that the largest
effects of immigration are indirect through other socioeconomic
factors, coupled with the lack of effects in the ethnic subgroups,
suggest...that the effects of immigration on poverty are likely to
result from change in the countries of origin of the immigrant pool
rather than from increases in the number of poor immigrants from
traditional countries of origin."
Correspondence: S.
H. Murdock, Texas A&M University, Department of Rural Sociology,
Special Services Building, College Station, TX 77843-2125.
Location: Princeton University Library (PR).
65:41250 Osmani, Siddiqur R.
Famine, demography, and endemic poverty. In: Population and
poverty in the developing world, edited by Massimo Livi-Bacci and
Gustavo De Santis. 1999. 61-83 pp. Clarendon Press: Oxford, England. In
Eng.
The connections between famine and poverty are examined, with
a focus on how famines can lead to endemic or "structural"
poverty.
Correspondence: S. R. Osmani, University of
Ulster, School of Public Policy, Economics, and Law, Jordanstown,
Northern Ireland. Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
65:41251 Park, Jin Heum. The
earnings of immigrants in the United States: the effect of
English-speaking ability. American Journal of Economics and
Sociology, Vol. 58, No. 1, Jan 1999. 43-56 pp. New York, New York. In
Eng.
"In this article I find evidence consistent with the
hypothesis that English-speaking ability is an important determinant of
the earnings of immigrants in the United States. Immigrants who do not
speak English well acquire English proficiency as well as other skills,
and experience faster earnings growth, than immigrants who are fluent
in English. For those immigrants whose first language is English or who
speak English very well, fluency in English is valuable because it
facilitates the transfer to the U.S. labor market of schooling and
labor market experience obtained abroad. Documenting and studying the
importance of local efforts to teach English to immigrants--such as the
English as a second language classes offered by the Chinese American
Civic Association, Jewish Vocational Services, and El Centro De
Cardenal--will be an important future research
task."
Location: Princeton University Library (PF).
65:41252 Spain, Daphne. Balancing
act: if you've got the money, honey, I've got the time. In:
America's demographic tapestry: baseline for the new millennium, edited
by James W. Hughes and Joseph J. Seneca. 1999. 161-72 pp. Rutgers
University Press: New Brunswick, New Jersey. In Eng.
Some
implications of recent trends in American families are examined, with
emphasis on the growth of women's employment. The author makes the case
that, although both men and women who are married now have incomes,
neither of them have sufficient time to enjoy them. Possible social
policy initiatives that could increase the time available for families
are considered.
Correspondence: D. Spain, University of
Virginia, School of Architecture, Charlottesville, VA 22903.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:41253 Srinivasan, K.; Kumar,
Sanjay. Economic and caste criteria in definition of
backwardness. Economic and Political Weekly, Vol. 34, No. 42-43,
Oct 16-29, 1999. 3,052-7 pp. Mumbai, India. In Eng.
"While the
[National Family Health Survey] was conducted with the primary
objective of collecting data on reproductive status, it has generated
considerable data on caste and economic conditions [in India]. An
analysis of this data set shows that there are wide differentials in
the economic conditions of the socially backward castes and
classes."
Location: Princeton University Library (PF).
65:41254 Stecklov, Guy.
Evaluating the economic returns to childbearing in Côte
d'Ivoire. Population Studies, Vol. 53, No. 1, Mar 1999. 1-17 pp.
London, England. In Eng.
"This paper describes a method of
measuring the economic returns from the average child over the entire
parental life-cycle. The method is then applied to detailed household
economic data from Côte d'Ivoire [Ivory Coast]. The results
indicate that parents give more to their children than they receive and
that the economic returns from children are negative. Overall, we
estimate that the average child provides an annual rate of return of
roughly -8 per cent. Our results shed light on how the returns from
childbearing vary according to the age of the parents at time of birth.
The results also offer a potential economic explanation of why older
couples are often first to adopt modern
contraception."
Correspondence: G. Stecklov,
University of North Carolina, Carolina Population Center, University
Square, CB 8120, 124 East Franklin Street, Chapel Hill, NC 27516-3997.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:41255 Tiefenthaler, Jill. The
sectoral labor supply of married couples in Brazil: testing the unitary
model of household behavior. Journal of Population Economics, Vol.
12, No. 4, 1999. 591-606 pp. Berlin, Germany. In Eng.
"An
assumption of the unitary model of household decision-making is that
household members maximize one household utility function. This
assumption implies that households pool their income and, therefore,
the ownership of nonwage income has no effect on household demand. In
this paper, this implication is tested by estimating multi-sector labor
supply equations for men and women in Brazil. The results indicate that
the unitary model is rejected in the informal and self-employment
sectors for men and the formal and informal sectors for women; in these
cases own nonwage income has a significantly negative effect on labor
supply while spousal nonwage income has no significant
effect."
Correspondence: J. Tiefenthaler, Colgate
University, Department of Economics, Hamilton, NY 13346. E-mail:
tiefenthaler@mail.colgate.edu. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
65:41256 van Dalen, Hendrik P.; Verbon, Harrie
A. A. Work, savings and social security in a life course
perspective. In: Population issues: an interdisciplinary focus,
edited by Leo J. G. van Wissen and Pearl A. Dykstra. 1999. 123-57 pp.
Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers: New York, New York/Dordrecht,
Netherlands. In Eng.
"This chapter describes how work, savings
and social security shape the course of people's lives and at the same
time how structural factors (e.g. birth cohort conditions, the legal
system and the rise of the welfare state) influence work and savings
decisions. The general picture emerging from cohort histories is that
the labor force participation of men has decreased, whilst the
participation of women has increased. Each successive cohort seems to
be better off in terms of net lifetime income, but the current social
security system is increasingly becoming a burden for current and
future cohorts as population aging will lead to fewer workers who have
to pay for an increasing number of social security beneficiaries."
The geographical focus is on the Netherlands.
Correspondence:
H. P. van Dalen, Netherlands Interdisciplinary Demographic
Institute, Postbus 11650, 2502 AR The Hague, Netherlands. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:41257 Wilder, Lisa; Benedict, Mary E.;
Viies, Marie. A demographic analysis of income
distribution in Estonia. Comparative Economic Studies, Vol. 41,
No. 1, Spring 1999. 96-113 pp. Tempe, Arizona. In Eng.
"This
paper identifies the head of household demographic characteristics
associated with the Estonian distribution of income. Using measures of
income inequality and regression analysis on 1995 household data, we
examine how household income is distributed by the age, gender, race,
and education level of the heads of household. The Gini coefficient
estimates indicate that the household incomes associated with female
and elderly heads have an equalizing effect. Households headed by
younger males or those who are educated contribute to greater income
disparity. The regression analysis confirms these results and suggests
that social transfers for households headed by women, the disabled, and
the elderly, have an equalizing effect on the income distribution. We
also find that farm households appear to lag far behind their urban
counterparts in earnings and income."
Correspondence:
M. E. Benedict, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, OH
43403. Location: Princeton University Library (PF).
Descriptive studies of populations according to literacy and educational attainment, cultural background, religious affiliation, residential characteristics and segregation, and the like. Studies on social mobility are also coded under this heading.
65:41258 Alba, Richard D.; Logan, John R.;
Stults, Brian J.; Marzan, Gilbert; Zhang, Wenquan.
Immigrant groups in the suburbs: a reexamination of suburbanization
and spatial assimilation. American Sociological Review, Vol. 64,
No. 3, Jun 1999. 446-60 pp. Washington, D.C. In Eng.
"For a
number of contemporary immigrant groups, suburbanization is occurring
at high levels, and either increased or remained stable during the
1980s, a decade of high immigration. We investigate whether these
settlement patterns are consistent with spatial-assimilation theory.
Using Public Use Microdata from the 1980 and 1990 U.S. censuses, we
examine the link between suburban residence and life-cycle,
socioeconomic, and assimilation characteristics for 11 racial/ethnic
groups, including those growing most from contemporary immigration as
well as non-Hispanic whites. We find support for some aspects of the
theory. The determinants of suburban residence are consistent between
the 1980 and 1990 models, with some important exceptions: Among several
groups, especially Asian groups, the effects of very recent immigration
and linguistic assimilation have weakened. Our findings indicate that
barriers to the entry of new immigrants to suburbia are now lower than
before. The growing numbers of recent immigrants there suggest the
emergence of new ethnic concentrations and
infrastructure."
Correspondence: R. D. Alba, State
University of New York, Department of Sociology, 1400 Washington
Avenue, Albany, NY 12222. E-mail: r.alba@albany.edu. Location:
Princeton University Library (PR).
65:41259 Asami, Yasushi; Ishizaka, Koichi; Oe,
Moriyuki; Koyama, Yasuyo; Segawa, Sachiko. Low fertility
and housing costs. Jinko Mondai Kenkyu/Journal of Population
Problems, Vol. 53, No. 4, 1997. 15-31 pp. Tokyo, Japan. In Jpn.
The
authors examine the relationship between low fertility and housing
costs in Japan. Particular attention is given to the impact of the
changing age structure of the population on the demand for housing of
different kinds.
Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
65:41260 Bhattacharji, Sukumari.
A rereading of historical material: an alternative account of the
position of women in ancient India. In: The methods and uses of
anthropological demography, edited by Alaka M. Basu and Peter Aaby.
1998. 153-76 pp. Clarendon Press: Oxford, England. In Eng.
The
author examines some of the ancient Indian classical texts to see the
extent to which they can yield information of demographic relevance on,
for example, the status of women, age at marriage, and ideal family
size.
Correspondence: S. Bhattacharji, Jadavpur University,
Calcutta 700 032, West Bengal, India. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
65:41261 Blakely, Edward.
Separate and not equal: America's diversity crisis. In:
America's demographic tapestry: baseline for the new millennium, edited
by James W. Hughes and Joseph J. Seneca. 1999. 187-202 pp. Rutgers
University Press: New Brunswick, New Jersey. In Eng.
The author
makes the case that, although racial discrimination has been outlawed
in the United States for more than three decades, Americans are
increasingly segregated by race and ethnicity, and women's economic
progress has been arrested at relatively low levels. The primary focus
is on the situation facing African Americans, and their problems with
regard to residential segregation, family values, crime, and poverty.
The extent to which new social policies can be developed in order to
help tackle these problems is discussed.
Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:41262 Centre Français sur la
Population et le Développement [CEPED] (Paris, France); Union
pour l'Etude de la Population Africaine [UEPA] (Dakar, Senegal); United
Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization [UNESCO]
(Paris, France). A guide to the exploitation and analysis
of census and survey data on education and schooling. [Guide
d'exploitation et d'analyse des données de recensements et
d'enquêtes en matière de scolarisation.] Les Documents et
Manuels du CEPED, No. 9, ISBN 2-87762-120-0. Oct 1999. 112 pp. Centre
Français sur la Population et le Développement [CEPED]:
Paris, France. In Fre.
This report, developed by a network of
researchers working in the area of family determinants and
scholarization and belonging to the African Union for the Study of
Population, examines the extent to which data from secondary sources,
such as censuses and surveys, can be used to analyze the problems
associated with education and schooling in Africa. The focus is on the
methodology needed to extract useful data from such sources and on the
limitations of the data. A number of table and graphs presenting these
data are provided on an accompanying diskette.
Correspondence:
Centre Français sur la Population et le
Développement, 15 rue de l'Ecole de Médecine, 75270 Paris
Cedex 06, France. Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
65:41263 Clotfelter, Charles T.
Are whites still "fleeing"? Racial patterns and
enrollment shifts in urban public schools, 1987-1996. NBER Working
Paper, No. 7290, Aug 1999. 33, [23] pp. National Bureau of Economic
Research [NBER]: Cambridge, Massachusetts. In Eng.
"The effect
of interracial contact in [U.S.] public schools on the enrollment of
whites has been an important concern in assessments of desegregation
since the 1970s. It has been feared that `white flight'--meaning exit
from or avoidance of racially mixed public schools--could undermine the
racial contact that desegregation policy seeks to enhance. This study
examines this question using recent data. It also expands coverage from
large urban districts to entire metropolitan areas, paying attention to
the spatial context within which enrollment decisions are made. To do
so, it examines data for 1987 and 1996 on racial composition and
enrollment in all schools and school districts in 238 metropolitan
areas. The study finds that white losses appear to be spurred both by
interracial contact in districts where their children attend school and
by the opportunities available in metropolitan areas for reducing that
contact. Implications for metropolitan segregation are
examined."
Correspondence: National Bureau of Economic
Research, 1050 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02138. Author's
E-mail: Charles.Clotfelter@Duke.edu. Location: Princeton
University Library (PF).
65:41264 Condon, Stéphanie.
Housing policies and return migration: West Indians returning from
France. [Politiques du logement et migrations de retour: retour
des antillais de la France métropolitaine.] In:
Démographie et aménagement du territoire: actes du Xe
colloque national de démographie. Bordeaux--21, 22, 23 mai 1996,
edited by Janine d'Armagnac, Chantal Blayo, and Alain Parant. 1999.
297-305 pp. Conférence Universitaire de Démographie et
d'Etude des Populations [CUDEP]: Paris, France; Presses Universitaires
de France: Paris, France. In Fre.
Housing policies in the French
West Indian departments are described, with particular reference to the
level of migration to and from metropolitan France and how these
migrations affect efforts to provide adequate housing. The need to know
the demographic and socioeconomic characteristics of returning migrants
in order to be able to provide the right kind of housing is
noted.
Correspondence: S. Condon, Institut National
d'Etudes Démographiques, 133 boulevard Davout, 75980 Paris Cedex
20, France. E-mail: ined@ined.fr. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
65:41265 Courbage, Youssef.
Demographic transition among Muslims in Eastern Europe.
Population: An English Selection, Vol. 4, 1992. 161-86 pp. Paris,
France. In Eng.
"The presence of Islam in the Balkans, a
vestige of the Ottoman Empire, is a reminder that the Mediterranean
fringe is a region over which waves of cultural, economic and political
exchange have ebbed and flowed for thousands of years. These waves have
often led to conflict between those riding the crest and those ridden
over. But their action throughout the centuries will necessarily have
an integrating effect on the whole of this Mediterranean region (when
this has not already been achieved). [The author] shows how, despite
the lack of statistical data, it is possible to draw a picture of the
Muslim populations of Eastern Europe. The fact that they represent a
minority in numerical or political terms may perhaps explain their
still high fertility levels, as a line of defence taken by a community
which feels it must struggle for survival."
Correspondence:
Y. Courbage, Institut National d'Etudes Démographiques, 133
boulevard Davout, 75980 Paris Cedex 20, France. E-mail:
courbage@ined.fr. Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
65:41266 Eggerickx, Thierry; Poulain,
Michel. An example of demographic anomie: residential
developments. [Un exemple d'anomie démographique: les
lotissements.] In: Démographie et aménagement du
territoire: actes du Xe colloque national de démographie.
Bordeaux--21, 22, 23 mai 1996, edited by Janine d'Armagnac, Chantal
Blayo, and Alain Parant. 1999. 313-23 pp. Conférence
Universitaire de Démographie et d'Etude des Populations [CUDEP]:
Paris, France; Presses Universitaires de France: Paris, France. In Fre.
Some demographic aspects of residential developments are examined
using the example of six developments in the Namur region of Belgium.
The authors note that such developments act as a means of population
distribution and also create new and relatively homogeneous
populations. The characteristics of the populations of these
developments are analyzed.
Correspondence: T. Eggerickx,
Université Catholique de Louvain, Centre d'Etude de Gestion
Démographique pour les Administrations Publiques, Place de
l'Université 1, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:41267 El-Deeb, Bothaina; Sakhanova,
Golmira. Socio-economic indicators of women in
Mongolia. In: CDC 26th annual seminar on population issues in the
Middle East, Africa and Asia, 1996. 1997. 499-520 pp. Cairo Demographic
Center: Cairo, Egypt. In Eng.
"This study aims at shedding
some light on the social and economic indicators of women in Mongolia,
such as education and literacy, health and infant and child mortality,
labor force and working population, marriage and fertility and other
aspects of socioeconomic development of women." Data are from a
variety of official sources.
Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
65:41268 Gensler, Howard. Early
child-bearing impacts on high school graduation rates of low-income
single mothers. International Journal of Sociology of the Family,
Vol. 27, No. 2, Autumn 1997. 107-13 pp. New Delhi, India. In Eng.
"There are a variety of factors which influence high school
graduation rates. One of the most significant events in determining
whether an individual will complete high school is early child birth.
By analyzing a large random sample [in] the United States, a variety of
potential significant factors can be controlled while isolating the
impact of early child bearing among poor single female household
heads."
Correspondence: H. Gensler, Hong Kong
University of Science and Technology, Department of Accounting, Clear
Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
65:41269 Henz, Ursula. The impact
of family formation on higher education in Sweden. Stockholm
Research Reports in Demography, No. 135, ISBN 91-7820-141-1. Apr 1999.
44 pp. Stockholm University, Demography Unit: Stockholm, Sweden. In
Eng.
"The present paper addresses the question of differences
in enrolment in higher education by the family circumstances. The
prevailing assumption of incompatibility of full-time studies and
having a family is discussed with respect to two approaches. The first
one refers to gains and losses considerations and the second one refers
to the family situation as a signal for attitudes and plans. As a
result we expect a decreasing attachment to higher education over the
sequence of being single, cohabiting, being married, and having a
child.... The empirical analyses are based on the Swedish Family and
Fertility Study from 1992. The results show in general a lower
attachment to university studies if an individual is cohabiting,
married, or has a child. But not all estimations follow this pattern.
In particular, we observe a rather high enrolment of childless married
men and a low interruption rate of married
mothers."
Correspondence: Stockholm University,
Demography Unit, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden. Author's E-mail:
Ursula.Henz@suda.su.se. Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
65:41270 Héran,
François. Social and professional mobility in the
light of the Continuous Demographic Sample: six longitudinal case
studies. [La mobilité sociale et professionnelle à
la lumière de l'Echantillon démographique permanent: six
approches longitudinales.] Economie et Statistique, No. 316-317, 1998.
63-173, 177-84 pp. Institut National de la Statistique et des Etudes
Economiques [INSEE]: Paris, France. In Fre. with sum. in Eng; Ger; Spa.
This special section contains six studies based on data from the
Continuous Demographic Sample, a longitudinal database that has been
maintained by INSEE over the past 30 years and that contains a
representative one percent sample of the population compiled from
censuses taken since 1968. Comparisons are made to the British
Longitudinal Study. The focus of the six studies is on social and
professional mobility in France.
Selected items are cited elsewhere
in this issue of Population Index.
Correspondence: F.
Héran, Institut National d'Etudes Démographiques, 133
boulevard Davout, 75980 Paris Cedex 20, France. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:41271 Hirschman, Charles. The
educational enrollment of immigrant youth: a test of the
segmented-assimilation hypothesis. Seattle Population Research
Center Working Paper, No. 99-14, [1999]. 40, [viii] pp. University of
Washington, Seattle Population Research Center: Seattle, Washington. In
Eng.
"An analysis of 1990 Census data on the educational
enrollment of 15 to 17 year old immigrants to the United States
provides support for predictions from the segmented assimilation
hypothesis and the immigrant optimism hypothesis, but there is a wide
diversity of patterns that does not conform to a single theoretical
interpretation. Recent Mexican immigrants who arrived as teenagers have
non-enrollment rates of over 40 percent, but Mexican youth who arrived
at younger ages are only somewhat less likely to be enrolled in school
than are native born Americans. Most immigrant adolescents, especially
from Asia, are as likely or more likely than their native born peers to
be enrolled in high school."
This is a revised version of a
paper originally presented at the 1999 Annual Meeting of the Population
Association of America.
Correspondence: University of
Washington, Seattle Population Research Center, Box 353340, Seattle, WA
98195. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:41272 Keita, Mohamed L.
Modernization and demographic behavior in Guinea.
[Modernité et comportements démographiques en
Guinée.] Les Dossiers du CEPED, No. 52, ISBN 2-87762-117-0. May
1999. 42 pp. Centre Français sur la Population et le
Développement [CEPED]: Paris, France. In Fre. with sum. in Eng.
"The article analyses changing demographic behavior in Guinea,
with special focus on changes at the level of the couples. In a first
step, a typology of couples was developed by applying factor analysis
and classification methodology. The typology was based on various
characteristics of couples: level of education of both spouses,
occupation, residence and living standards. The largest group is that
of traditional couples (54.1% of the sample), followed by
pretransitional couples (33.4%), transitional couples (10.2%), and
modern couples (2.4%). This typology appeared more robust than other
approaches based on a single criteria such as level of education or
residence. In a second step, the paper studies the links between the
level of modernity defined by the typology and demographic knowledge,
attitudes and practices. Results show a major contrast between
traditional and modern couples with respect to use of antenatal care
and delivery services."
Correspondence: Centre
Français sur la Population et le Développement, 15 rue de
l'Ecole de Médecine, 75270 Paris Cedex 06, France. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:41273 Lloyd, Cynthia B.; Kaufman, Carol E.;
Hewett, Paul. The spread of primary schooling in
Sub-Saharan Africa: implications for fertility change. Population
Council Policy Research Division Working Paper, No. 127, 1999. 75 pp.
Population Council, Policy Research Division: New York, New York. In
Eng.
"This paper fills a gap in the literature using newly
available Demographic and Health Survey data to assess schooling
patterns and trends for 17 sub-Saharan [African] countries. As
background to that assessment, the paper includes a literature review,
an overview of the recent history of African education, and an
evaluation of alternative sources of data on education. These data are
linked to recent markers of fertility change in order to assess the
potential importance of mass schooling for the fertility transition in
Africa."
This is a revised version of a paper originally
presented at the 1999 Annual Meeting of the Population Association of
America.
Correspondence: Population Council, Policy
Research Division, One Dag Hammarskjold Plaza, New York, NY 10017.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:41274 Louchart, Philippe. The
influence of housing developments on population structure and dynamics
in the heart of the Ile-de-France. [De l'influence du parc de
logements sur la structure et la dynamique des populations au sein de
l'Ile-de-France.] In: Démographie et aménagement du
territoire: actes du Xe colloque national de démographie.
Bordeaux--21, 22, 23 mai 1996, edited by Janine d'Armagnac, Chantal
Blayo, and Alain Parant. 1999. 325-33 pp. Conférence
Universitaire de Démographie et d'Etude des Populations [CUDEP]:
Paris, France; Presses Universitaires de France: Paris, France. In Fre.
The changing demographic characteristics of the population of the
area surrounding Paris, the Ile-de-France, in which many major new
housing developments have been carried out, are analyzed. The primary
focus is on the implications of these demographic changes for the
planning and development of appropriate schools and
colleges.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:41275 Mturi, Akim J.; Makatjane, Tiisetso;
Molise, Ngoakoane. Gender differentials in housing
characteristics and household possessions in Lesotho urban areas.
Genus, Vol. 55, No. 1-2, Jan-Jun 1999. 121-33 pp. Rome, Italy. In Eng.
with sum. in Ita; Fre.
"This study uses the 1994/95 Lesotho
Household Budget Survey data. The data comprises 2,014 households
situated in Lesotho urban centres out of which 1,324 are male headed
and 690 are female headed. Most of the females who are heads of
household are either single or widowed or divorced. Both descriptive
analysis and multiple regression analysis have been utilised.
Generally, there are no substantial differences in the quality of urban
housing by the sex of the household head. However, regarding the
availability of consumer goods such as radio, refrigerators, cars,
television, etc., as well as electricity and telephone facilities, male
headed households are better off than female headed households. That
is, male headed households are better off economically than female
headed households."
Correspondence: A. J. Mturi,
National University of Lesotho, Department of Statistics and
Demography, P.O. Roma 180, Lesotho. E-mail: aj.mturi@nul.ls.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:41276 Peach, Ceri. London and
New York: contrasts in British and American models of segregation.
International Journal of Population Geography, Vol. 5, No. 5, Sep-Oct
1999. 319-51 pp. Chichester, England. In Eng.
This is a comparative
analysis of the social geographies of the ethnic minority populations
of London and New York. "The discussion concentrates on
comparisons of the racialised minorities in London with
African-Americans and Hispanics in New York. The main thrust of the
argument is that London's Afro-Caribbean population is, against
expectations, following a `melting pot' trajectory while South Asian
groups are following a more structural pluralistic path. However, in
New York, African-Americans continue to experience the hyper-segregated
existence that sets the American model apart from the urban forms of
the Western world, while the Latino population edges towards the
`melting pot'." A comment by Nathan Glazer is included (pp.
347-51).
Correspondence: C. Peach, Oxford University,
School of Geography, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TB, England. E-mail:
ceri.peach@geography.oxford.ac.uk. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
65:41277 Peterson, Ruth D.; Krivo, Lauren
J. Racial segregation, the concentration of disadvantage,
and black and white homicide victimization. Sociological Forum,
Vol. 14, No. 3, Sep 1999. 465-93 pp. New York, New York. In Eng.
"Discriminatory housing market practices have created and
reinforced patterns of racial residential segregation throughout the
United States.... Residential segregation increases the concentration
of disadvantage for blacks but not whites, creating African-American
residential environments that heighten social problems including
violence within the black population. At the same time segregation
protects white residential environments from these dire consequences.
This hypothesized racially inequitable process is tested for one
important type of violence--homicide. We examine race-specific models
of lethal violence that distinguish residential segregation from the
concentration of disadvantage within racial groups. Data are from the
Censuses of Population and Federal Bureau of Investigation's homicide
incidence files for U.S. large central cities for 1980 and 1990. Our
perspective finds support in the empirical analyses. Segregation has an
important effect on black but not white killings, with the impact of
segregation on African-American homicides explained by concentrated
disadvantage."
Correspondence: R. D. Peterson, Ohio
State University, Department of Sociology, 300 Bricker Hall, 190 North
Oval Mall, Columbus, OH 43210-1353. E-mail: krivo.1@osu.edu.
Location: Princeton University Library (PR).
65:41278 Phua, Voon Chin; Kaufman,
Gayle. Using the census to profile same-sex cohabitation:
a research note. Population Research and Policy Review, Vol. 18,
No. 4, Aug 1999. 373-86 pp. Dordrecht, Netherlands. In Eng.
"Most studies on cohabitation have focused on opposite-sex
partners. This study seeks to explore the use of census data in
examining same-sex cohabitation and to examine same-sex cohabitation in
comparative terms. We use the 1990 U.S. census 5% sample from the New
York metropolitan area to focus on unmarried partners. The descriptive
socio-economic profile suggests that same-sex cohabiting householders
have high income and educational levels as well as a high percentage of
home ownership and a more equitable share of the household income
relative to other householders. However, there are drawbacks to using
the census. First, the census data only allow the examination of
cohabitors related to the householders. Second, the interpretation of
whom unmarried partners are may vary among persons. Third, same-sex
cohabitors are not synonymous with gay and lesbian couples."
An
earlier version of this paper was presented at the 1996 Annual Meetings
of the Population Association of America.
Correspondence:
G. Kaufman, Davidson College, Department of Sociology, Davidson,
NC 28036-1719. E-mail: gaKaufman@davidson.edu. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:41279 Pribesh, Shana; Downey, Douglas
B. Why are residential and school moves associated with
poor school performance? Demography, Vol. 36, No. 4, Nov 1999.
521-34 pp. Silver Spring, Maryland. In Eng.
The relationship
between residential mobility and school performance in the United
States is analyzed using data from the National Education Longitudinal
Study of 1988 and its 1992 follow-up. "Most research on
residential mobility has documented a clear pattern: Residential and
school moves are associated with poor academic performance.
Explanations for this relationship, however, remain speculative. Some
researchers argue that moving affects social relationships that are
important to academic achievement. But the association between moving
and school performance may be spurious; the negative correlation may be
a function of other characteristics of people who move often.... Using
longitudinal data, we find that differences in achievement between
movers and nonmovers are partially a result of declines in social
relationships experienced by students who move. Most of the negative
effect of moving, however, is due to preexisting differences between
the two groups."
Correspondence: S. Pribesh, Ohio
State University, Department of Sociology, 300 Bricker Hall, 190 North
Oval Mall, Columbus, OH 43210-1353. E-mail: pribesh.1@osu.edu.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:41280 Richards, Eric. An
Australian map of British and Irish literacy in 1841. Population
Studies, Vol. 53, No. 3, Nov 1999. 345-59 pp. London, England. In Eng.
"This contribution to the study of the literacy transition in
Britain, Ireland, and Australia also touches on the relationship
between literacy and international migration. Some 20,000 emigrants
arrived in Australia in 1841 and their literacy is here established at
the individual level, and then related to regional origins,
occupations, religion, sex, and family status in the British Isles. The
new Australian data offer unusual evidence to juxtapose with the
prevailing account of British and Irish literacy. The paper makes
systematic comparisons of the immigrant evidence with existing literacy
findings for the populations of England and Wales, of Ireland, and the
colonial population of Australia in the year 1841. The results also
show extraordinary similarity of rank orderings between the Australian
data and the conventional sources. The results show that the immigrants
were consistently more literate than the home and receiving populations
and indicate a substantial link between migration and
literacy."
Correspondence: E. Richards, Flinders
University of South Australia, G.P.O. Box 2100, Adelaide, SA 5001,
Australia. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:41281 Russell, Cheryl.
Americans and their homes: demographics of homeownership. ISBN
1-885070-16-0. 1998. xv, 313 pp. New Strategist Publications: Ithaca,
New York. In Eng.
This book presents statistical information on the
demographics of homeownership in the United States. The first chapter
shows the number and percentage of Americans who own their home by age,
income, race and Hispanic origin, household type, and other demographic
characteristics. There are also chapters on the characteristics of
houseowners, regional differences in homeownership, owners of new
homes, owners who have moved, affluent homeowners, and spending on
housing.
Correspondence: New Strategist Publications, P.O.
Box 242, Ithaca, NY 14851. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
65:41282 Shapiro, David. Family
influences on women's educational attainment in Kinshasa.
Population Research Institute Working Paper, No. 99-13, Oct 1999. 20
pp. Pennsylvania State University, Population Research Institute:
University Park, Pennsylvania. In Eng.
"This paper examines
the determinants of educational attainment among adult women in
Kinshasa, capital of the Democratic Republic of Congo.... The
analytical portion of the paper looks at family influences on
educational attainment, including parental education and survival
status, number of siblings, place of residence and migration, ethnic
groups, and religious background. Each of these family characteristics
has important influences on the educational attainment of women. The
demographic implications of these findings, as well as the consequences
of the acute economic crisis that has characterized the 1990s in
Kinshasa and the Congo, are discussed in the concluding section of the
paper."
Correspondence: Pennsylvania State University,
Population Research Institute, 601 Oswald Tower, University Park, PA
16802-6211. Author's E-mail: dshapiro@psu.edu. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:41283 Yamamoto, Chizuko.
Living arrangements of never-married young people in Japan:
1975-1995. Jinko Mondai Kenkyu/Journal of Population Problems,
Vol. 55, No. 1, 1999. 21-34 pp. Tokyo, Japan. In Jpn.
Changes in
living arrangements by young people in Japan from 1975 to 1995 are
analyzed.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
Descriptive studies of populations on the basis of race, ethnic group, language, and national origin.
65:41284 Addai, Isaac; Trovato,
Frank. Structural assimilation and ethnic fertility in
Ghana. Journal of Comparative Family Studies, Vol. 30, No. 3,
Summer 1999. 409-27 pp. Calgary, Canada. In Eng. with sum. in Fre; Spa.
"This study explores the relative importance of socioeconomic
and ethnic/cultural factors on possible convergence in reproduction
among four...Ghanaian ethnic groups...the Twi, the Fante/Other Akan,
the Ewe and the Ga-Adangbe ethnic groups [and a residual group] the
Northern Groups using data from the Ghana Demographic and Health Survey
of 1993. The results derived from the analysis are more congruent with
characteristics assimilation thesis because once sociodemographic
differences between these groups and a standard population are
equalized through statistical controls, the fertility differences
virtually disappear. The cultural/ethnic hypothesis, which stresses the
influence of group norms, beliefs, values and experiences in group
behaviour, including reproduction, is of no importance among the groups
under study."
Correspondence: I. Addai, Lansing
Community College, 5500-Social Science Department, P.O. Box 40010,
Lansing, MI 48901-7210. Location: Princeton University Library
(PR).
65:41285 Barkan, Elliott R. A
nation of peoples: a sourcebook on America's multicultural
heritage. ISBN 0-313-29961-7. LC 98-41061. 1999. xv, 583 pp.
Greenwood Press: Westport, Connecticut. In Eng.
This book presents
27 essays by various authors on ethnic groups, as defined by race,
religion, or nationality, in the United States. The focus is on
"the many efforts of diverse peoples seeking to determine their
place in American society, to analyze the obstacles they have
encountered and the extent to which they have overcome them (and the
ways they have done so), to account for those they have not surmounted,
and to evaluate the groups' impact on America." Specific topics
addressed include the process of immigration, first-generation
adaptation, economic integration, political integration, cultural
integration, and the ethnic group in contemporary American society. The
work is intended as an update of the Harvard Encyclopedia of American
Ethnic Groups published in 1980.
Correspondence: Greenwood
Press, 88 Post Road West, Box 5007, Westport, CT 06881. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:41286 Brazil. Fundação
Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística [IBGE] (Rio de
Janeiro, Brazil). The color of the population. A synthesis
of indicators for 1982-1990. [Cor da população.
Síntese de indicadores 1982-1990.] ISBN 85-240-0508-4. 1995. 115
pp. Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. In Por.
This report contains selected
data on the skin color of the population of Brazil from the National
Household Sample Survey (PNAD) of 1990. The data are presented for the
whole country and for major regions for the period 1980-1992. There are
sections on population, education, employment, family, housing, and
income.
Correspondence: Fundação Instituto
Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística, Escola Nacional de
Ciencias Estatísticas, Avenida Franklin Roosevelt 166, 20021-120
Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
65:41287 DellaPergola, Sergio.
Italy's Jewish population in a global Jewish context. [La
popolazione ebraica in Italia nel contesto ebraico globale.] In: Gli
ebrei in Italia, edited by Corrado Vivanti. Storia d'Italia: Annali,
Vol. 11, 1997. 897-936 pp. Einaudi: Turin, Italy. In Ita.
This
chapter correlates the history of the Jews in Italy with the history of
the Jews in the world as a whole. Following a discussion of data
sources and quality, the author quantifies Jewish population trends in
Italy from the year 1 to the present, calculating the percentage of
Jews as a proportion of both the population of Italy and of the world
Jewish population, and examining reasons for population fluctuations.
He also discusses subjects such as population dynamics, spatial
distribution, family structure, and
acculturation.
Correspondence: S. DellaPergola, Hebrew
University of Jerusalem, Avraham Harman Institute of Contemporary
Jewry, Gaster Building, Mount Scopus Campus, Jerusalem 91905, Israel.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:41288 DellaPergola, Sergio.
World Jewry beyond 2000: the demographic prospects. Oxford
Centre for Hebrew and Jewish Studies Occasional Paper, No. 2, 1999. 80
pp. Oxford Centre for Hebrew and Jewish Studies: Oxford, England. In
Eng.
"It is our task to review the major social and
demographic trends affecting world Jewry, to discuss some of the
implications and more likely demographic scenarios emerging from them,
and to suggest some general conclusions." Aspects considered
include tradition, modernization, and population growth; numbers and
spatial distribution of Jews; Jews in the world system; international
migration; socioeconomic mobility; family characteristics; marriage
patterns; fertility; age distribution; Jewish identification; and
population projections.
Correspondence: Oxford Centre for
Hebrew and Jewish Studies, Yarnton Manor, Yarnton OX5 1PY, England.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:41289 Dupâquier, Jacques.
Demography and nationalism in the Balkans. [Démographie
et nationalisme dans les Balkans.] Population et Avenir, No. 642,
Mar-Apr 1999. 14-6 pp. Paris, France. In Fre.
The extent to which
demographic factors are the root cause of much of the conflict
currently taking place in the countries that were formerly part of
Yugoslavia is examined. The difficulty inherent in analyzing
demographic differentials by ethnic group when the data are available
only by political unit is acknowledged. Official sources, including the
1991 census, are used in the analysis. The author suggests that
demographic differences, particularly concerning fertility, that have
led to different rates of population growth among ethnic groups are a
major cause of these conflicts.
Correspondence: J.
Dupâquier, Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Sciences Sociales,
Laboratoire de Démographie Historique, 54 boulevard Raspail,
75006 Paris, France. Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
65:41290 Frey, William H.
Immigration and demographic balkanization: Toward one America or
two? In: America's demographic tapestry: baseline for the new
millennium, edited by James W. Hughes and Joseph J. Seneca. 1999. 78-97
pp. Rutgers University Press: New Brunswick, New Jersey. In Eng.
Some implications of current trends in immigration to the United
States for the characteristics of the population as a whole are
examined. "Current immigration along with ongoing domestic
migration forces are creating a demographic balkanization that portends
increasing divisions across broad regions of the country. If the new
trends continue, today's multi-ethnic immigrant gateway regions may
very well turn into individual melting pots in which different
Hispanic, Asian, African American, Native American, and Anglo groups
coexist and intermarry while still retaining some elements of their own
national heritage. Although this ideal image of `one America' may be
approximated in these regions, it will be less achievable nationally.
In the rest of the country, which will look demographically quite
distinct, different political agendas will come to the fore, and there
will be a lower tolerance for the issues and concerns of ethnically
more diverse populations in other regions."
Correspondence:
W. H. Frey, University of Michigan, Population Studies Center, 426
Thompson Street, P.O. Box 1248, Ann Arbor, MI 48106-1248. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:41291 Gober, Patricia.
Settlement dynamics and internal migration of the U.S. foreign-born
population. In: Migration and restructuring in the United States:
a geographic perspective, edited by Kavita Pandit and Suzanne D.
Withers. 1999. 231-49 pp. Rowman and Littlefield: Lanham,
Maryland/London, England. In Eng.
The settlement patterns and
internal migration of the foreign-born population in the United States
are analyzed, with particular reference to how far these trends support
the theory that the recent concentrating forces of immigration have led
to a demographic balkanization of the country along ethnic and racial
lines. "This chapter assesses the balkanization thesis using
evidence of settlement patterns and internal migration of the
foreign-born population from the 1990 census. Three sets of questions
are posed: (1) How concentrated are the foreign born, and did they
become more or less concentrated between 1985 and 1990; (2) are the
size, efficiency, and pattern of major migration streams consistent
with the balkanization thesis; and (3) did individual foreign-born
residents move toward greater or lesser concentrations of coethnics?
Separate analyses are performed for 12 groups of foreign born, defined
by place of birth."
Correspondence: P. Gober, Arizona
State University, Department of Geography, Tempe, AZ 85287-0104.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:41292 Hirschman, Charles; Alba, Richard;
Farley, Reynolds. The meaning and measurement of race in
the U.S. census: glimpses into the future. Seattle Population
Research Center Working Paper, No. 99-15, [1999]. 27, [ix] pp.
University of Washington, Seattle Population Research Center: Seattle,
Washington. In Eng.
"Analysis of the 1996 `Racial and Ethnic
Targeted Test' (RAETT) survey data offers a glimpse of the implications
of alternative measurements of race and ethnicity in the [U.S.] 2000
Census.... In this article, we appraise the varied approaches to the
measurement of race and ethnicity evaluated in that test and use them
to reflect on the implications of the past measurement of race and
ethnicity and on those of the new one."
Correspondence:
University of Washington, Seattle Population Research Center, Box
353340, Seattle, WA 98195. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
65:41293 Hudon, Solanges. The
demographic situation of the Innu in Quebec, from 1973 to 1993.
[Conjecture démographique des Innus du Québec, 1973
à 1993.] Cahiers Québécois de Démographie,
Vol. 28, No. 1-2, Spring-Fall 1999. 237-69, 362, 367 pp. Montreal,
Canada. In Fre. with sum. in Eng; Spa.
"The Innu are one of
the eleven Aboriginal peoples living in Quebec. Their ancestral
territory encompasses the current regions of Saguenay-Lac-Saint-Jean
and the Lower and Upper North Shore up to the boundaries of the Inuit
and Cree territories in Northern Quebec. How has the Innu population
listed in the Indian Register and living on the reserves in this
territory changed from 1973 to 1993? How does its general profile shape
up compared to the Quebec population as a whole? Using adjusted data
from the Register as well as data from Health and Welfare Canada's
medical services directorate, the author calculates the main
demographic indicators for the Innu Nation."
Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:41294 Iburg, Kim M. Inuit
population dynamics: a demographic analysis of North Greenland.
Canadian Studies in Population, Vol. 26, No. 2, 1999. 141-58 pp.
Edmonton, Canada. In Eng. with sum. in Fre.
"The purpose of
the study was to analyse population dynamics among the Inuit in Thule,
North Greenland, over the period 1850-1972. A published genealogical
register was used to establish a computerised integrated person
register. Analysis of fertility and survival trends was conducted on a
non-parametric basis in order to estimate individual intensities of
transition from life to death and family formation through
parity-conditioned fertility. A multivariate analysis of the birth
interval structure was also carried out. Mortality risks were
differentiated according to sex, age, and birth cohort. A considerable
decrease in adult mortality can be ascertained since the beginning of
this century.... The analysis of fertility failed to uncover
substantial differences concerning birth intervals.... Thus it is
unlikely that conscious family planning was being practised, as was
known to have been the case among married women in West Greenland since
the late 1950s."
Correspondence: K. M. Iburg, Danish
Institute for Clinical Epidemiology, Svanemøllevej 25, 2100
Copenhagen 0, Denmark. Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
65:41295 Kaiser, Markus. Russians
as minorities in Central Asia. Migration, No. 29-31, 1998. 83-117
pp. Berlin, Germany. In Eng. with sum. in Ger.
"The
designation of the non-Russians as minorities in the Former Soviet
Union has changed through a dramatic reversal of fortunes where
Russians are today the `new' minorities in the post-Soviet states. As
reconfigurations create `new' minorities and construct new definitions
of majority identity, the article will be a brief attempt to examine
the development of relations between Russians and Central Asians. The
Uzbek case deserves closer study today as it is emerging as the Central
Asian state which has a clearly defined national agenda. It will also
look at the Russian response to the question of Russian minorities in
the border lands as the `external national
homeland'."
Correspondence: M. Kaiser,
Universität Bielefeld, Sociology of Development Research Centre,
P.O. Box 100131, 33501 Bielefeld, Germany. E-mail:
markus.kaiser@uni-bielefeld.de. Location: New York Public
Library, New York, NY.
65:41296 Kulu, Hill. The Estonian
diaspora. Trames, Vol. 1, No. 3, 1997. 277-86 pp. Tallinn,
Estonia. In Eng.
"The present article focuses on the Estonian
diaspora. Firstly, an overview of the formation of the diaspora is
given, and then the changes in Estonian identity of the diaspora
Estonians are analysed, and finally, the possible future trends for the
diaspora are outlined. The census data from different countries are
used for these purposes.... Although the number of those having strong
Estonian identity is continuously decreasing in the diaspora, the
number of those having weaker ties to Estonian identity will remain
considerable in the near future."
Correspondence: H.
Kulu, University of Tartu, Vanemuise 46, 202400 Tartu, Estonia.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:41297 Michel, Harald; Finke,
Robby. Repatriates in Berlin. [Aussiedler in Berlin.]
Edition IFAD, No. 50, Feb 1999. 14 pp. Institut für Angewandte
Demographie: Berlin, Germany. In Ger.
This study examines the
population of ethnic Germans who repatriated to Berlin from the former
Soviet Union after the fall of the Communist bloc in 1990. Forty
households, comprising a total of 133 people, were surveyed in 1998,
and the results were compared with several other existing studies. The
focus is on the demographic and economic characteristics of this
population, and on the repatriates' integration into German
society.
Correspondence: Institut für Angewandte
Demographie, Sophienstraße 3, 10178 Berlin, Germany. E-mail:
ifad@ifad.b.shuttle.de. Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
65:41298 Peach, Ceri. Ethnic
groups in the British 1991 census. [Les groupes ethniques au
recensement britannique de 1991.] Revue Européenne des
Migrations Internationales, Vol. 15, No. 1, 1999. 13-37 pp. Poitiers,
France. In Fre. with sum. in Eng; Spa.
"The 1991 British
census was the first to pose a question on ethnic origin. It revealed a
non-European origin population of 3 million, or 5.5% of the British
population; nearly half of this number had been born in Britain.... The
ethnic minorities are highly concentrated into the largest urban
centres. However, there are large contrasts between the socio-economic
profiles of the different groups.... There are significant differences
in the degrees of ethnic segregation of the different
groups."
Correspondence: C. Peach, University of
Oxford, Department of Geography, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TB,
England. E-mail: ceri.peach@geography.oxford.ac.uk. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:41299 Pollard, Kelvin M.; O'Hare, William
P. America's racial and ethnic minorities. Population
Bulletin, Vol. 54, No. 3, Sep 1999. 48 pp. Population Reference Bureau:
Washington, D.C. In Eng.
The authors compare U.S. racial and ethnic
groups according to various demographic characteristics. Sections are
included on a history of disadvantage; size and growth of minority
groups; increasing diversity; sources of population change; families
and households; where minorities live; urban residence; educational
achievements; working lives; income, wealth, and poverty; political
participation; and minorities and U.S. culture.
Correspondence:
Population Reference Bureau, 1875 Connecticut Avenue NW, Suite
520, Washington, D.C. 20009-5728. E-mail: popref@prb.org. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:41300 Prada Alcoreza, Raúl.
A socio-demographic analysis of the indigenous populations.
[Análisis sociodemográfico de las poblaciones nativas.]
Dec 1997. xii, 293 pp. Instituto Nacional de Estadística [INE]:
La Paz, Bolivia. In Spa.
This study of the indigenous populations
of Bolivia is based on data from the 1992 census and a census of rural
indigenous population carried out in 1994. The first part is based on
the 1992 census data and examines the characteristics of the native
population in each province. The second part is based on the 1994
census and focuses on the native populations of Oriente, Chaco, and
Amazonia.
Correspondence: Instituto Nacional de
Estadística, Plaza Mario Guzmán No. 1, Casilla No. 6129,
La Paz, Bolivia. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:41301 Price, Charles.
Australian population: ethnic origins. People and Place, Vol.
7, No. 4, 1999. 12-6 pp. Clayton, Australia. In Eng.
"Australia's ethnic make-up has changed sharply over recent
years as a consequence of the new and diverse source countries feeding
Australia's migration program. New estimates of `ethnic strength' for
1999 show that Australia's people remain predominantly Anglo-Celtic in
origin. However, the Anglo-Celtic share has fallen from 90 per cent in
1947 to 74.5 per cent in 1988, and to 70 per cent in 1999. Projections
for the future indicate that if recent immigration trends are
maintained the Anglo-Celtic share will fall to 62.2 per cent in
2025."
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:41302 Rowland, Richard H.
Nationality population distribution, redistribution and degree of
separation in Moscow, 1979-1989. Nationalities Papers, Vol. 26,
No. 4, Dec 1998. 705-21 pp. Oxford, England. In Eng.
"Despite
the fact that the former Soviet Union was perhaps the most
multinational state in the world, until recently data were not
available to undertake a systematic investigation of patterns of
nationality population, distribution, redistribution and segregation
within Soviet cities. However, nationality data were recently published
for the 32 rayons [districts] of Moscow for the last two census years
of 1979 and 1989. Accordingly, the major thrust of this article will be
to assess the regional distribution and redistribution of the major
nationalities of Moscow, as well as the degree of nationality
segregation in Moscow in 1979 and 1989. Furthermore, it will
investigate trends between 1979 and 1989."
Location:
Princeton University Library (PR).
65:41303 Russell, Cheryl. Racial
and ethnic diversity: Asians, blacks, Hispanics, Native Americans, and
whites. 2nd ed. ISBN 1-885070-15-2. 1998. xxi, 706 pp. New
Strategist Publications: Ithaca, New York. In Eng.
This book
presents a selection of comparative statistical tables on ethnic groups
in the United States. For each major ethnic group and for the total
population there are tables providing data on education, health,
households, housing, income, labor force, population size, spending,
and wealth. Data are taken from various official sources, including the
1990 census. There is also a chapter containing data on
attitudes.
For the first edition, published in 1996, see 64:20620.
Correspondence: New Strategist Publications, P.O. Box 242,
Ithaca, NY 14851. E-mail: demographics@newstrategist.com. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:41304 Schmidley, A. Dianne; Gibson,
Campbell. Profile of the foreign-born population in the
United States: 1997. Current Population Reports, Series P-23:
Special Studies, No. 195, Aug 1999. v, 64 pp. U.S. Bureau of the
Census: Washington, D.C. In Eng.
This report presents data on a
wide range of geographic, demographic, social, economic, and housing
characteristics of the foreign-born population of the United States.
Data are from a number of official sources, including the census and
the March 1997 Current Population Survey. It is noted that the
foreign-born population of 25.8 million in 1997 was the largest
foreign-born population reported in U.S. history and represented an
increase of 6 million, or 30 percent, over the 1990 census
figure.
Correspondence: U.S. Government Printing Office,
Superintendent of Documents, Mail Stop SSOM, Washington, D.C. 20402.
E-mail: pop@census.gov. Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
65:41305 Swallen, Karen C.; Stewart, Susan
L. The calculation of intercensal population estimates for
Chinese, Japanese and Filipinos, San Francisco Bay area:
1973-1992. In: Studies in applied demography: proceedings of the
5th International Conference on Applied Demography, 1994, edited by K.
Vaninadha Rao. 1996. 95-115 pp. Bowling Green State University,
Department of Sociology, Population and Society Research Center:
Bowling Green, Ohio. In Eng.
"The goal of this project was to
estimate Chinese, Japanese and Filipino intercensal populations for the
San Francisco Bay Area in order to calculate cancer rates by race.
Population estimates were created using the Vital Rates technique.
1970, 1980 and 1990 census data were used as fixed endpoints.... Based
on the broad age groups and three censuses, yearly estimates by 5-year
age groups up to age 85+ and by sex were created. Problems encountered
in the estimation included: counties with very few Asians; different
growth patterns in the three populations; missing information on the
85+ age group; 1991 and 1992 estimates based on projections instead of
estimates; undocumented populations; and unknown
race."
Correspondence: K. C. Swallen, Northern
California Cancer Center, 32960 Alvarado-Niles Road, Suite 600, Union
City, CA 94587. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:41306 Takenaka, Ayumi.
Transnational community and its ethnic consequences: the return
migration and the transformation of ethnicity of Japanese
Peruvians. American Behavioral Scientist, Vol. 42, No. 9, Jun-Jul
1999. 1,459-74 pp. Thousand Oaks, California. In Eng.
"This
article examines the consequences of transnational community formation
for immigrants' communities and ethnic identity. Focusing on a
culturally, nationally, and racially mixed group of Japanese Peruvians
who are dispersed across Peru, Japan, and the United States, the author
examines how their communities and ethnic identity are transformed as a
consequence of their migrations and transnational ties.... The author
found that Japanese Peruvians across the Pacific create their own
ethnic identity as Nikkei, distinct from others, by exploiting their
international ties and resources. She argues, therefore, that migrants'
transnational ties can accentuate their group boundaries both within
the sending and receiving countries...."
Correspondence:
A. Takenaka, Columbia University, Department of Sociology,
Morningside Heights, New York, NY 10027. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
65:41307 Yang, Yan; Yang, Xiaotong.
A study on population development of the Yutu nationality in Gansu
province. Chinese Journal of Population Science, Vol. 10, No. 3,
1998. 293-303 pp. New York, New York. In Eng.
"The Yutus are
one of the unique minority ethnic groups in Gansu Province [China].
Blessed with a long history, they inhabit primarily the middle portion
of the Hexi Corridor, to the north of the Qilian Mountain. According to
the 1990 census, this group had a population of 11,801 in Gansu in
1990, making up 96% of the nation's total Yutu population, with a total
fertility rate of 2.17 compared with the TFR of 2.13 among the entire
Yutu population in the country. Apparently, the development of the Yutu
population in Gansu has a direct impact on the prosperity of the group
itself and the social and economic growth of the areas which they live
in."
Correspondence: Y. Yang, Lanzhou University,
Department of History, Program of Nationality Studies, 298 Tianshui
Road, 730000 Lanzhou, Gansu Province, China. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
