Studies with an emphasis on locational patterns and their interpretation.
Studies of rural and urban populations considered together. Studies that are concerned primarily with the movement of population are classified under H. Migration. Studies concerned with the definition of urban or rural areas and with boundary changes are classified here or in O.1. Population Statistics, General Aspects.
65:40118 Balakrishnan, T. R.; Hou,
Feng. Socioeconomic integration and spatial residential
patterns of immigrant groups in Canada. Population Research and
Policy Review, Vol. 18, No. 3, Jun 1999. 201-17 pp. Dordrecht,
Netherlands. In Eng.
"It is often assumed that the level of
residential segregation of ethnic and racial groups can be used as a
measure of their socio-economic integration into a society. This paper
using Canadian census data for the period 1981-1991 questions this
assumption and goes to show that the trends in residential segregation
need not parallel the trends in socio-economic integration... The study
shows that while residential segregation of ethnic groups has remained
fairly constant during the decade, occupational segregation has
declined significantly. It concludes that while residential segregation
may persist due to voluntary or involuntary causes, minority groups
have been occupationally mobile."
Correspondence: T.
R. Balakrishnan, University of Western Ontario, Department of
Sociology, Population Studies Center, London, Ontario N6A 5C2, Canada.
E-mail: bala@julian.uwo.ca. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
65:40119 Bätzing, Werner.
The Alps: in the web of European spatial planning policy. Comments
on the ESDP draft against the backdrop of ongoing structural changes in
the Alpine region. [Die Alpen im Spannungsfeld der
europäischen Raumordnungspolitik. Anmerkungen zum EUREK-Entwurf
auf dem Hintergrund des aktuellen Strukturwandels im Alpenraum.]
Raumforschung und Raumordnung, Vol. 57, No. 1, Jan 1999. 3-13 pp.
Cologne, Germany. In Ger. with sum. in Eng.
"The first part of
this article consists of a local-authority level analysis of the
structural changes currently in process in the Alps region, which are
then categorised at regional level. In simple terms this process can be
described as one of 'urbanisation and depopulation'; however, the wide
disparities which are evident do call for regionally specific
strategies.... The second part of this article is devoted to an
examination and appraisal of the ESDP [European Spatial Development
Perspective] draft from the perspective of experiences gathered in the
Alps."
Correspondence: W. Bätzing,
Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Institut für Geographie,
Kochstraße 4/4, 91054 Erlangen, Germany. E-mail:
wbaetz@geographie.uni-erlangen.de. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
65:40120 Blom, Svein. Residential
concentration among immigrants in Oslo. International Migration,
Vol. 37, No. 3, 1999. 617-41 pp. Oxford, England. In Eng. with sum. in
Fre; Spa.
"This article provides a brief account of how the
housing pattern of immigrants in Oslo developed from the late 1960s,
when the first foreign workers appeared, until the 1980s and 1990s,
when refugees dominated the influx.... The article also addresses the
issue of the social mechanisms creating and maintaining spatial
concentrations of immigrants.... Evidence is given in this article to
support the notion that both economic and cultural factors are
significant, with economic factors being the most
important."
Correspondence: S. Blom, Statistics
Norway, Division for Social and Demographic Research, P.B. 8131 Dep,
0033 Oslo, Norway. Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
65:40121 Calas, Bernard.
Population densities: Introduction to a geography of Eastern
Africa? [Les densités: introduction à la
géographie de l'Afrique orientale?] Espace, Populations,
Sociétés, No. 1, 1999. 53-65 pp. Villeneuve d'Ascq,
France. In Fre. with sum. in Eng.
"The high demographic growth
rate which strikes East Africa does not alter the major patterns of the
population distribution nor the density geography in the region.
However, peasantry challenge this growth with four types of
adjustments: spatial adjustments...within the territory, settlements
outside the territory, political and land repartition adjustments and
violent adjustments which either force people to fly away or [get
killed].... This paper gives a grid to read the different regional
situations as far as interactions between density and development are
concerned."
Correspondence: B. Calas,
Université d'Artois, Département de Géographie,
B.P. 665, 9 rue du Temple, 62030 Arras Cedex, France. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:40122 Cohen, Joel E.; Small,
Christopher. Hypsographic demography: the distribution of
human population by altitude. National Academy of Sciences of the
United States of America. Proceedings, Vol. 95, No. 24, Nov 24, 1998.
14,009-14 pp. Washington, D.C. In Eng.
"The global
distribution of the human population by elevation is quantified here.
As of 1994, an estimated...33.5% of the world's population lived within
100 vertical meters of sea level, but only 15.6% of all inhabited land
lies below 100 m elevation. The median person lived at an elevation of
194 m above sea level. Numbers of people decreased faster than
exponentially with increasing elevation. The integrated population
density (IPD, the number of people divided by the land area) within 100
vertical meters of sea level was significantly larger than that of any
other range of elevations and represented far more people. A
significant percentage of the low-elevation population lived at
moderate population densities rather than at the highest densities of
central large cities. Assessments of coastal hazards that focus only on
large cities may substantially underestimate the number of people who
could be affected." Data are from recent national censuses for 217
countries.
Correspondence: J. E. Cohen, Rockefeller
University, 1230 York Avenue, Box 20, New York, NY 10021-6399.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:40123 Fong, Eric; Wilkes, Rima.
The spatial assimilation model reexamined: an assessment by
Canadian data. International Migration Review, Vol. 33, No. 3,
Fall 1999. 594-620 pp. Staten Island, New York. In Eng.
"Given
the theoretical importance and policy implications of the spatial
assimilation model, it is surprising that few studies have carefully
and empirically examined the relationship of the three key variables in
the model that has been used to explain the process of neighborhood
attainment among immigrants, i.e., neighborhood environments,
socioeconomic resources, and duration of residence in the host
country.... Using data from 1991 Canadian Census 2B profile and a
special requested table from Statistics Canada, we evaluate how much
the relationships of the three key variables mentioned in the spatial
assimilation model apply to the spatial attainment of various
racial/ethnic groups in Canada."
Correspondence: E.
Fong, University of Toronto, Department of Sociology, 203 College
Street, 5th Floor, Toronto, Ontario M5T 1P9, Canada. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:40124 Leizerovich, E. E.
Evaluation of changes in the spatial distribution of the Russian
population in 1990-1995 by the indices of territorial
concentration. [Otsenka izmerenii geografii naseleniya Rossii v
1990-1995 gg. indeksami ego territorial'noi kontsentratsii.] Izvestiya
Akademii Nauk, Seriya Geograficheskaya, No. 6, 1997. 62-74 pp. Moscow,
Russia. In Rus. with sum. in Eng.
Changes in the spatial
distribution of the Russian population in the periods 1979-1990 and
1990-1995 are analyzed, focusing on changes among economic
micro-regions. The population decrease in certain regions is discussed.
A general trend toward increasing concentration of the population in
urban areas is noted.
Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
65:40125 Luxembourg. Service Central de la
Statistique et des Etudes Economiques [STATEC] (Luxembourg); Germany.
Statistisches Landesamt Saarland: Saarbrücken, Germany; France.
Institut National de la Statistique et des Etudes Economiques [INSEE].
Direction Régionale de la Lorraine: Nancy, France; Germany.
Statistisches Landesamt Rheinland-Pfalz: Bad Ems, Germany; Belgium.
Ministère de la Région Wallonne. Service des Etudes et de
la Statistique: Jambes, Belgium. A demographic and social
atlas of the Greater Region: a mosaic of situations. [Atlas
démographique et social de la Grande Région: une
mosaïque de situations/Bevölkerungs- und Sozial-Atlas der
Grossregion: ein regionales Mosaik.] [1999?]. 99 pp. Luxembourg. In
Fre; Ger.
This atlas presents selected social and demographic data
for the Greater Region in the heart of Western Europe, defined as
including parts of Belgium, France, Germany, and Luxembourg,
specifically Saarland, Lorraine, Luxembourg, Rhineland-Palatinate, and
Wallonia. There are sections on history, general overview, standard of
living, population, education, employment, and health. The section on
population deals with population trends, demographic aging, foreigners,
spatial distribution, population dynamics, natural increase, migration,
fertility, mortality, population characteristics, age distribution, and
households.
Correspondence: Service Central de la
Statistique et des Etudes Economiques, Boîte Postale 304, 6
boulevard Royal, 2013 Luxembourg. E-mail: statec.post@statec.etat.lu.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:40126 Negrete, María E.
Decentralization of the population in the central region of
Mexico. [Desconcentración poblacional en la región
Centro de México.] Estudios Demográficos y Urbanos, Vol.
14, No. 2, May-Aug 1999. 313-52, 511-2 pp. Mexico City, Mexico. In Spa.
with sum. in Eng.
"A variety of terms, including metropolitan
expansion, formation of a megalopolis, consolidation of the central
urban system, process of suburbanization and extended concentration are
used to refer to the territorial redistribution of the population
undergone by the central region of Mexico over the past twenty-five
years; `deconcentration' is the term I prefer to use.... I attempt to
specify the dimensions achieved by this phenomenon to date from the
point of view of the population, by exploring the general demographic
trajectory of this zone and the particular trends of each state. The
article also focuses on the general transformations on the municipal
scale in order to be able to identify the places with pull and push
factors more accurately. The article ends with a brief overview of the
new regional migration, highlighting the diversity of flows and the
variety of their composition."
Correspondence: M. E.
Negrete, El Colegio de México, Centro de Estudios
Demográficos y de Desarrollo Urbano, Camino al Ajusco 20, 10740
Mexico City, DF, Mexico. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
65:40127 Tobler, Waldo; Deichmann, Uwe;
Gottsegen, Jon; Maloy, Kelly. The global demography
project. NCGIA Technical Report, No. 95-6, Apr 1995. 75 pp.
National Center for Geographic Information and Analysis: Santa Barbara,
California. In Eng.
An attempt is made here to provide demographic
information on the world's population by latitude and longitude
quadrilaterals rather than nation states. The report is in three parts.
"Part I gives the motivation and several possible approaches. Ways
of achieving the objective include, among others, simple centroid
sorts, interpolation, or gridding of polygons. In Part II the results
to data of putting world boundary coordinates together with estimates
of the number of people is described. The estimated 1994 population of
two hundred seventeen countries, subdivided into nineteen thousand
thirty two polygons, have been assigned to five minute by five minute
quadrilaterals covering the world.... Just under thirty one percent of
the (1,548 by 4.320) grid cells are populated. The number of people in
these countries is estimated to be five billion six hundred eighteen
million, spread over one hundred thirty two million square kilometers
of land. Part III describes needed extensions, and the appendices
contain detailed information on our results with maps and data
sources." The report is accompanied by a PC
diskette.
Correspondence: University of California,
Department of Geography, National Center for Geographic Information and
Analysis, Santa Barbara, CA 93106-4060. Author's E-mail:
tobler@geog.ucsb.edu. Location: Population Council Library,
New York, NY.
Studies of urban populations, including those of metropolitan areas and suburban and semi-urban zones. Also includes studies on urbanization insofar as they relate to the effects of migration on urban areas or the socioeconomic and demographic structure of urban populations. Studies on the actual process of rural-urban migration are coded under H.6. Rural-Urban Migration.
65:40128 Bertrand, Monique.
Bamako (Mali): compound housing and residential mobility.
[Bamako (Mali): habitat de cour et mobilités
résidentielles.] Espace, Populations, Sociétés,
No. 1, 1999. 119-37 pp. Villeneuve d'Ascq, France. In Fre. with sum. in
Eng.
"The evolution of Bamako [Mali] as a large city
determines large movements of population from the old quarters. The
rental market spreads toward the most recent and outlying areas, and it
orientates the mobility of the household inside the agglomeration....
Residential practices are...explained at two levels of analysis: first
the general gradations of density; secondly the local neighbourhoods
which mingle together owners and tenants, widened and embryonic
households, rooted populations and mobile
groups."
Correspondence: M. Bertrand,
Université de Caen, Maison de la Recherche en Sciences Humaines,
UMR 6590 CNRS, Esplanade de la Paix, 14032 Caen Cedex, France. E-mail:
bertrand@mrsh.unicaen.fr. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
65:40129 Black, Duncan; Henderson,
Vernon. A theory of urban growth. Journal of
Political Economy, Vol. 107, No. 2, Apr 1999. 252-84 pp. Chicago,
Illinois. In Eng.
"In an economy experiencing endogenous
economic growth and exogenous population growth, we explore two main
themes: how urbanization affects efficiency of the growth process and
how growth affects patterns of urbanization. Localized information
spillovers promote agglomeration and human capital accumulation fosters
endogenous growth. Individual city sizes grow with local human capital
accumulation and knowledge spillovers; and city numbers generally
increase, which we demonstrate is consistent with empirical evidence.
We analyze whether local governments can successfully internalize local
dynamic externalities. In addition, we explore how growth involves real
income differences across city types and how urbanization can foster
income inequality."
Correspondence: D. Black, London
School of Economics and Political Science, Houghton Street, Aldwych,
London WC2A 2AE, England. Location: Princeton University
Library (PF).
65:40130 Brockerhoff, Martin.
Urban growth in developing countries: a review of projections and
predictions. Policy Research Division Working Paper, No. 131,
1999. 31 pp. Population Council: New York, New York. In Eng.
"Comparison of the United Nations' earliest and most recent
projections to the year 2000 suggests that urban and city growth in
developing regions has occurred much more slowly than was anticipated
as recently as 1980. A modified `urban population explosion' in
developing countries since the 1970s conforms to explanatory models of
urban growth developed by economists around 1980. Trends in
productivity and terms of trade, in particular, have been highly
favorable to agriculture as compared to manufacturing, presumably
slowing migration to urban centers. Increases in national population
growth rates have produced less than commensurate increases in rates of
city growth, further supporting an economic and migration-related
explanation for unexpectedly slow recent urban growth. Despite the
efforts of the United Nations to maintain reliable statistics on urban
and city populations, urban population projections should be
interpreted with caution because of inadequacies of the data on which
they are based."
Correspondence: Population Council,
Research Division, One Dag Hammarskjold Plaza, New York, NY 10017.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:40131 Brockerhoff, Martin.
Urban growth in developing countries: a review of projections and
predictions. Population and Development Review, Vol. 25, No. 4,
Dec 1999. 757-78, 834-7 pp. New York, New York. In Eng. with sum. in
Fre; Spa.
"Comparison of the United Nations' earliest and most
recent projections to the year 2000 suggests that urban and city growth
in developing regions has occurred much more slowly than was
anticipated as recently as 1980. A modified `urban population
explosion' in developing countries since the 1970s conforms to
explanatory models of urban growth developed by economists around 1980.
Trends in productivity and terms of trade, in particular, have been
highly favorable to agriculture as compared to manufacturing,
presumably slowing migration to urban centers. Increases in national
population growth rates have produced less than commensurate increases
in rates of city growth.... Despite the efforts of the United Nations
to maintain reliable statistics on urban and city populations, urban
population projections should be interpreted with caution because of
inadequacies of the data on which they are
based."
Correspondence: M. Brockerhoff, Population
Council, Policy Research Division, One Dag Hammarskjold Plaza, New
York, NY 10017. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:40132 Ford, Tania.
Understanding population growth in the peri-urban region.
International Journal of Population Geography, Vol. 5, No. 4, Jul-Aug
1999. 297-311 pp. Chichester, England. In Eng.
"Throughout the
Western world, population growth in the peri-urban regions of large
metropolitan centres has been rapid since the population turnaround of
the 1970s, and has continued to the 1990s. However, the distinctive
population geography of this growth zone and its unique sets of
problems and issues remain under-researched. This paper advocates a new
approach to understanding peri-urban population growth. A conceptual
model is developed that identifies four distinct growth processes
(suburbanisation, counterurbanisation, population retention, and
centripetal migration), each of which acts somewhat differently on
particular population subgroups. These differences, in turn, will be
reflected in variations in the spatial manifestation of peri-urban
growth within the region. This is illustrated in the context of an
Australian case study."
Correspondence: T. Ford,
University of Newcastle upon Tyne, Department of Geography, Newcastle
upon Tyne NE1 7RU, England. E-mail: T.L.Ford@ncl.ac.uk. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:40133 Gu, Shengzu; Liu, Chuanjiang; Zhong,
Shuiying. A study on the development of urbanization in
China. Chinese Journal of Population Science, Vol. 10, No. 3,
1998. 251-65 pp. New York, New York. In Eng.
This article traces
the development and describes the problems of urbanization in China.
"Unlike...other nations, the industrialization in China started
under the highly centralized system of a planned economy after the
founding of the People's Republic. Accordingly, the accompanying
urbanization has followed a pattern of planned development originated
from the top, characterized primarily by the investment in urban
infrastructure by the government and state-owned enterprises. The more
market-oriented economic reform that began in the late 1970s and early
1980s triggered the second wave of industrialization featuring the
mushrooming of township enterprises. Meanwhile, the development of
urban areas as media of the industrialization followed the pattern of
initiatives by private entities or community
administrations."
Correspondence: S. Gu, Wuhan
University, Institute of Economics, Wuhan 430072, Hubei, China.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:40134 Henry, Mark S.; Schmitt, Bertrand;
Kristensen, Knud; Barkley, David L.; Bao, Shuming.
Extending Carlino-Mills models to examine urban size and growth
impacts on proximate rural areas. Growth and Change, Vol. 30, No.
4, Fall 1999. 526-48 pp. Malden, Massachusetts. In Eng.
"A
modification of the Boarnet model of local economic change is developed
that links the growth of urban nodes in functional economic regions to
employment and population change in the rural hinterlands of these
regions. The two-equation model uses labor market and residential zone
observations that are consistent with commuter fields around each rural
community in the regions studied. The model parameters are estimated
for 204 Danish rural municipalities, for 3,515 rural communes in six
regions of Eastern France, and for 268 rural census tracts in South
Carolina. Results indicate that urban nodal spread effects are often
significant and tend to dominate urban backwash impacts on rural
communities."
Correspondence: M. S. Henry, Clemson
University, Department of Economic Development, Clemson, SC 29634.
Location: Princeton University Library (PF).
65:40135 Hope, Kempe R.
Urbanization and urban growth in Africa. Journal of Asian and
African Studies, Vol. 33, No. 4, 1998. 345-58 pp. Leiden, Netherlands.
In Eng.
"During the past three decades, there has been rapid
urbanization in Africa due primarily to development strategies that
emphasized urban growth at the expense of agricultural and rural
development. This paper discusses and analyzes current trends in
African urbanization, the factors that have contributed to urbanization
and urban growth, and the resultant consequences of such rapid
urbanization and urban growth in Africa."
Correspondence:
K. R. Hope, University of Botswana, Private Bag 0022, Gaborone,
Botswana. Location: Princeton University Library (PR).
65:40136 Izazola, Haydea; Marquette, Catherine
M. Mexico City: current demographic and environmental
trends. In: People and their planet: searching for balance, edited
by Barbara S. Baudot and William R. Moomaw. 1999. 174-86 pp. St.
Martin's Press: New York, New York; Macmillan Press: Basingstoke,
England. In Eng.
The interrelated industrial, economic, ecological,
and demographic trends that have affected Mexico City in recent years
are analyzed. The authors note that the rate of population growth has
declined in recent years. In particular, there has been increasing
middle-class out-migration as pollution and overcrowding have
increased, resulting in an exacerbation of environmental problems that
the poor are increasingly left to deal with on their
own.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:40137 Japan. National Institute of
Population and Social Security Research (Tokyo, Japan).
Sustainable urbanization, women's status, and religion in southeast
Asia. National Institute of Population and Social Security
Research Series, No. 296, Mar 31, 1999. 147 pp. Tokyo, Japan. In Eng.
This report contains six papers presented at an international
workshop entitled Sustainable Urbanization, Women's Status, and
Religion in Southeast Asia, held in Tokyo, March 9, 1999. The papers
are: Sustainable urbanization, women's status and religion in Southeast
Asia: an overview, by Hiroshi Kojima; Internal migration and
characteristics of female migrants in the Philippines, by Yasuko
Hayase; Migration and urban life adaptation in the Philippines:
findings from focus group discussions, by Maria P. N. Marquez, Nimfa B.
Ogena, and Zenaida E. Quiray; Women's role in sustainable urbanization:
religious differentials in the Philippines, by Nimfa B. Ogena, Maria P.
N. Marquez, and Zenaida E. Quiray; Religion, women's status and roles
in maintaining environment: in-depth interview of leaders, a case study
of Thailand, by Bhassorn Limanonda, Mayuree Nokyoongthong, and Malee
Sabaiying; and Female migrants and non-migrants and their roles in
maintaining environment: a summary result of focus group discussions,
Thailand, by Bhassorn Limanonda, Mayuree Nokyoongthong, and Malee
Sabaiying.
Correspondence: National Institute of Population
and Social Security Research, 1-2-3 Kasumigaseki, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo
100-0013, Japan. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:40138 Jones, Gavin W.; Tsay, Ching-lung;
Bajracharya, Bhishna. Demographic and employment change in
megacities of South-East and East Asia. Working Papers in
Demography, No. 80, 1999. 39 pp. Australian National University,
Research School of Social Sciences, Demography Program: Canberra,
Australia. In Eng.
"This study examines the growth of
population and the changing structure of employment in four megacities
in South-East and East Asia: Jakarta, Bangkok, Manila and Taipei over
the 1980-1990 period. As all these megacities have influenced the
population and employment structure in a region extending well beyond
their official boundaries, three zones are defined for each
megacity.... The metropolitan core in each case is the officially
defined metropolitan area. Addition of two rings approximately doubles
the population under consideration, to almost 16 million each in the
cases of Jakarta and Manila.... The study concludes that studies of
demographic and employment change in major metropolitan areas are
enriched by the adoption of a zonal
perspective."
Correspondence: Australian National
University, Research School of Social Sciences, Demography Program,
Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
65:40139 Jones, Gavin W. The
thoroughgoing urbanisation of East and Southeast Asia. Asia
Pacific Viewpoint, Vol. 38, No. 3, Dec 1997. 237-49 pp. Oxford,
England. In Eng.
"The image of East and Southeast Asia is of a
predominantly rural region, with the exception of Japan. This image no
longer reflects reality. Although in 2000 the proportion of the
population living in areas officially defined as urban will still be
below 40 percent, this understates the degree to which populations
throughout the region have, in terms of employment, ease of transport
and communications, been brought into a close relationship with urban
areas. Not only this, but the region already has eight of the world's
21 megacities--cities with populations exceeding eight million.
Urbanised corridors are emerging in parts of the region, in some cases
cutting across national boundaries. Some implications for the future
are discussed: the growth of a truly urban proletariat, the influence
of megacities on political change, the ending of rural isolation, and
regional development and income inequality
issues."
Correspondence: G. W. Jones, Australian
National University, Research School of Social Sciences, Demography
Program, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia. E-mail:
gwj300@coombs.anu.edu.au. Location: Cornell University
Library, Ithaca, NY.
65:40140 Khalatbari, Parviz.
Problems of youth in third-world megacities. [Probleme der
Jugendlichen in den "Megastädten" der Dritten Welt.] In:
Hilfen für die junge Generation: soziale und ökonomische
Probleme in der Großstadt. ISBN 3-00-003864-7. Jan 1999. 79-91
pp. Statistisches Landesamt: Berlin, Germany. In Ger.
The author
gives an overview of global population growth and urbanization in the
period 1950-2025, pointing out that these trends disproportionately
affect developing countries. He discusses the downward trend in the
population age of third-world megacities and examines land use and
migration issues. Finally, he focuses on the increasing numbers of
children living in extreme poverty in third-world megacities such as
Nairobi, Rio de Janeiro, Sao Paulo, Cairo, and Kigali. He notes that
they become involved in criminal activity, prostitution, human organ
selling, and armed conflict in order to survive. He argues that the
increasing pauperization in the third world constitutes a significant
threat to world peace.
Correspondence: P. Khalatbari,
Gesellschaft für Demographie, Parkaue 3, 10367 Berlin, Germany.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:40141 Kharoufi, Mostafa.
Urbanization and urban research in the Arab world. Unesco
Discussion Paper Series, No. 11, 1997. 19 pp. United Nations
Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization [UNESCO]: Paris,
France. In Eng.
"The aim of this communication is to present
the major trends of research on Arab towns based on an analysis of
urban contexts in the Arab world." The full text is available on
the Web at
http://www.unesco.org/most/khareng.htm.
Correspondence:
UNESCO Publishing, Promotion and Sales Division, 1 rue Miollis,
75732 Paris Cedex 15, France. E-Mail: publishing.promotion@unesco.org.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:40142 Kim, Sukkoo. Urban
development in the United States, 1690-1990. NBER Working Paper,
No. 7120, May 1999. 22, [22] pp. National Bureau of Economic Research
[NBER]: Cambridge, Massachusetts. In Eng.
Some aspects of U.S.
urbanization over the past three centuries are examined, focusing on
the more recent trends. "This paper finds that the pace and
pattern of U.S. urban development are explained by changes in regional
comparative advantage and in economies in transportation and local
public goods, which in turn were determined by the changes in the
economic structures of cities. This paper also finds that cities varied
considerably in size because the larger cities reduced market
transaction costs associated with coordinating greater geographic
division of labor."
Correspondence: National Bureau of
Economic Research, 1050 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02138.
Author's E-mail: soks@wuecon.wustl.edu. Location: Princeton
University Library (PF).
65:40143 Krishna-Hensel, Sai F.
Population and urbanization in the twenty-first century: India's
megacities. In: People and their planet: searching for balance,
edited by Barbara S. Baudot and William R. Moomaw. 1999. 157-73 pp. St.
Martin's Press: New York, New York; Macmillan Press: Basingstoke,
England. In Eng.
This is an examination of the emergence of
mega-cities in India. "The following examination of India's urban
giants will evaluate the growth patterns of the principal cities in a
historical context. Some of the social and environmental problems that
characterize rapid unplanned urban growth will be used as indices of
the changing nature of urban society. Finally, this study will assess
the challenges faced by planning institutions and profile the emergence
of non-traditional responses."
Correspondence: S. F.
Krishna-Hensel, Auburn University, Center for Business and Economic
Development, Interdisciplinary Global Studies Research Program, Auburn,
AL 36849. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:40144 Le Jeannic, Thomas. The
city periurbanization. Zoning in urban areas. [Ville et
périurbanisation. Le zonage en aires urbanies.] In:
Démographie et aménagement du territoire: actes du Xe
colloque national de démographie. Bordeaux--21, 22, 23 mai 1996,
edited by Janine d'Armagnac, Chantal Blayo, and Alain Parant. 1999.
91-105 pp. Conférence Universitaire de Démographie et
d'Etude des Populations [CUDEP]: Paris, France; Presses Universitaires
de France: Paris, France. In Fre.
Some of the problems that modern
settlement patterns pose for the study of demography in developed
countries are examined. Attention is given to the implications of the
concentration of population in urban areas, and in particular to the
growing trend toward people living in rural areas but working in the
city, and to how this trend affects the definition of rural and urban
areas. The primary geographical focus is on France. The author
concludes that most people now live in areas that are to all intents
and purposes part of the nearest major town, even if they are
technically living outside of urban boundaries.
Correspondence:
T. Le Jeannic, Institut National de la Statistique et des Etudes
Economiques, 18 boulevard Adolphe Pinard, 75675 Paris Cedex 14, France.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:40145 Mainet,
Hélène. To live in Phoenix, the Indian
township of Durban. [Vivre à Phoenix, township indien de
Durban.] Espace, Populations, Sociétés, No. 1, 1999.
107-17 pp. Villeneuve d'Ascq, France. In Fre. with sum. in Eng.
"Indian communities represent more than 25% of the total
population of Durban [South Africa]. Phoenix is one of the main Indian
townships, built in the north of the metropolitan area and is home for
more than 200,000 Indians, relocated by the apartheid policy twenty
years ago. This paper presents an analysis of urban landscapes,
practices and representations of Phoenix inhabitants and the actual
transformations and recompositions of their cultural and urban
identities."
Correspondence: H. Mainet,
Université de Paris X, Département de Géographie,
200 avenue de la République, 92001 Nanterre Cedex, France.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:40146 Michel, Harald.
Demographic characteristics of East European urban regions during
the transition process. The example of Berlin-Marzahn.
[Demographische Besonderheiten osteuropäischer
Großraumsiedlungen im Transitionsprozeß. Das Beispiel
Berlin-Marzahn.] Edition IFAD, No. 47, Oct 1997. 22 pp. Institut
für Angewandte Demographie: Berlin, Germany. In Ger.
The
author focuses on the demographic characteristics of the high-density
housing tracts created during Communist rule in eastern Europe,
examining as an example the Berlin suburb of Marzahn. It was completed
just before reunification and was the largest new housing development
in Germany. These tracts were preferentially allotted to young couples
with children, a population with above-average education, training,
and, consequently income. Several future scenarios of possible
demographic developments in these complexes are sketched
out.
Correspondence: Institut für Angewandte
Demographie, Sophienstraße 3, 10178 Berlin, Germany. E-mail:
ifad@ifad.b.shuttle.de. Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
65:40147 Rowland, Richard H.
Urban population trends in Kazakhstan during the 1990s.
Post-Soviet Geography and Economics, Vol. 40, No. 7, 1999. 519-52 pp.
Palm Beach, Florida. In Eng.
"An American geographer
specializing in population change and urbanization in the countries of
the former USSR examines urban population change in Kazakhstan over the
period 1989-1998. The focus is on trends in urbanization, urban
population growth, and changes in the populations of individual urban
centers, with discussion of the latter emphasizing locational patterns
and economic functions of the centers. The analysis is based on
materials from the 1989 USSR census, official 1995-1998 population
estimates, and preliminary results from the 1999 Kazakhstan census,
with extensive coverage devoted to the availability of information in a
variety of Kazakh statistical sources and other
publications."
Correspondence: R. H. Rowland,
California State University, Department of Geography, 5500 University
Parkway, San Bernardino, CA 92407-2397. Location: Princeton
University Library (PR).
65:40148 Satterthwaite, David.
Rapid urbanization and the urban environment. In: Population
and poverty in the developing world, edited by Massimo Livi-Bacci and
Gustavo De Santis. 1999. 189-216 pp. Clarendon Press: Oxford, England.
In Eng.
"This chapter reviews the range of environmental
hazards present in urban areas in Africa, Asia, and Latin America and
their impact on human health. It discusses the groups that are most
vulnerable to environmental hazards and suggests that low-income groups
(and, within such groups, women and children) bear most of the health
burden arising from environmental problems. It also questions two
common assumptions: that the large and often rapidly growing cities in
the South have the most serious environmental problems; and that
poverty necessarily contributes to environmental
degradation."
Correspondence: D. Satterthwaite,
International Institute for Environment and Development, London,
England. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
Studies of agricultural and farming populations.
No citations in this issue.
