Works of a general and comprehensive nature. Studies that are limited to well-defined problems of demography are cited under the relevant topic and are cross-referenced to this division, if appropriate.
Comprehensive, book-length surveys of the present status of demography and its principal branches, including the historical development of these studies, analytical studies of demography as a whole, and global population studies.
65:40001 Brown, Lester R.; Gardner, Gary;
Halweil, Brian. Beyond Malthus: nineteen dimensions of the
population challenge. Worldwatch Environmental Alert Series, ISBN
0-393-31906-7. 1999. 167 pp. W. W. Norton: New York, New York/London,
England. In Eng.
This work is an expansion of a previous paper
published in 1998 on the global population issue. The authors examine
how the projected addition of 3.3 billion people to the world's
population over the next 50 years will affect grain production.
Chapters include: the population challenge, population growth and...,
grain production, fresh water, biodiversity, energy, oceanic fish
catch, jobs, infectious disease, cropland, forests, housing, climate
change, materials, urbanization, protected natural areas, education,
waste, conflict, meat production, income, and the emergence of
demographic fatigue. The concept of "demographic fatigue" is
introduced, referring to a slowdown in population growth due to rising
death rates rather than declining fertility. The authors call for an
immediate expansion of international family planning assistance to the
millions of couples who still lack access, and new investment in young
people to encourage a shift to smaller families.
For the 1998 paper
referred to, see 64:40007.
Correspondence: W. W. Norton,
500 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10110. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
65:40002 Dickinson, William B.
The biocentric imperative: how population, environment and
migration shape our future. ISBN 1-881780-23-6. 1999. xi, 179 pp.
Biocentric Institute: Warrenton, Virginia. Distributed by Social
Contract Press, 455 East Mitchell Street, Petoskey, MI 49770. In Eng.
This work presents a selection of essays, many of which are by the
principal author, on aspects of overpopulation, and is designed for the
general public rather than the specialist demographer. The essays are
organized under five general topics: Population issues; Environment and
quality of life; Immigration dilemmas; Cultural wars; and Malthusian
misery.
Correspondence: Biocentric Institute, 7078 Airlie
Road, Warrenton, VA 20187. E-mail: IAPM@crosslink.net. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:40003 Dupâquier, Jacques.
The population of the world in the twentieth century. [La
population mondiale au XXe siècle.] Que Sais-Je?, No. 3509, ISBN
2-13-050348-9. Oct 1999. 128 pp. Presses Universitaires de France:
Paris, France. In Fre.
This is a general review of global
population developments over the course of the twentieth century. The
focus is on the demographic transition, the differences among regions
in its timing, and the impact of those differences on population size
and growth in the various regions of the world. The study concludes
with a brief look at the global demographic
future.
Correspondence: Presses Universitaires de France,
108 boulevard Saint-Germain, 75006 Paris, France. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:40004 Horton, Hayward D.
Critical demography: The paradigm of the future? Sociological
Forum, Vol. 14, No. 3, Sep 1999. 363-543 pp. Kluwer Academic/Plenum
Publishers: New York, New York. In Eng.
This issue contains a
selection of articles grouped around the concept of critical
demography. This concept is defined here as making "explicit the
manner in which the social structure differentiates dominant and
subordinate groups in society". It also involves "an open
discussion and examination of the nature of power in society.
Specifically, critical demography elucidates how power both affects and
is impacted by demographic processes and events. Therefore, when the
issue is race, racism must be addressed. Likewise, sexism must be part
of the discussion when gender is the focus."
Selected items are
cited elsewhere in this issue of Population
Index.
Correspondence: Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers,
233 Spring Street, New York, NY 10013-1578. Location:
Princeton University Library (PR).
65:40005 Parsons, Jack. Human
population competition: a study of the pursuit of power through
numbers. Symposium Series, Vol. 46, ISBN 0-7734-8372-1. LC
98-13666. 1998. xvii, 804 pp. Edwin Mellen Press: Lewiston, New York.
In Eng.
This two-volume work is concerned with the problems posed
by competition between and among populations for such objectives as
political power or access to limited resources, and how such
competition affects the modern world. A basic theme of the study is
that population, resources, and the quality of life are closely
interrelated. "It is impossible to increase both numbers and
material resource-consumption indefinitely in a finite country on a
finite earth. Insofar as population competition increases numbers it
must also create greater pressure on scarce resources, thereby causing
greater competition for them, sometimes leading to an increase in
supplies, often leading to a decrease, either absolute or per capita. A
decrease is especially likely in the case of `nonrenewable' resources.
To that extent population competition may be one of the most
destructive forces operating in human
society."
Correspondence: Edwin Mellen Press, Box 450,
Lewiston, NY 14092-0450. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
65:40006 Potts, Malcolm; Short,
Roger. Ever since Adam and Eve: the evolution of human
sexuality. ISBN 0-521-47042-0. LC 98-45618. 1999. x, 358 pp.
Cambridge University Press: New York, New York/Cambridge, England. In
Eng.
This is a general introduction to the topic of human
sexuality. The authors "view the broad panorama of human sexual
and reproductive behaviour to reveal an inextricable mixture of nature
and nurture--a combination of innate actions that have evolved over the
millennia to adapt us to a nomadic, hunter-gatherer lifestyle, overlain
by more recent cultural constraints imposed by civilization. For each
of life's milestones--love, marriage, sexual intercourse, pregnancy,
birth, puberty, parenting, menopause and death--they describe the
biology behind our actions and consider how pressures imposed by
various historical and contemporary cultures have further influenced
our behaviour. By looking back at the past, they attempt to make sense
of the present, to see how and why these cultural modifications arose,
how they have contributed to the richness of human sexual behaviour,
and how our biological and cultural inheritance can help us to develop
a more rational approach to the problems that now beset us--declining
reproductive health and excessive population
growth."
Correspondence: Cambridge University Press,
Pitt Building, Trumpington Street, Cambridge CB2 1RP, England.
Location: Princeton University Library.
65:40007 Russell, Claire; Russell, W. M.
S. Population crises and population cycles. ISBN
0-9504066-5-1. 1999. xiv, 124 pp. Galton Institute: London, England. In
Eng.
This study takes a Malthusian perspective to the analysis of
human population dynamics. The authors present a series of regional and
thematic case studies in order to illustrate the cyclical dimension of
population dynamics first identified by Malthus, ranging from Chinese
historical population crises and cycles to the modern explosion of
population growth that has occurred in northwestern Europe. The authors
point out that, if population continues to increase, sooner or later
one of two things must happen: either the birth rate comes down or the
death rate goes up. "This was Malthus' greatest discovery, and he
had the supreme genius to realise that unlike animals we can choose
which."
Correspondence: Galton Institute, 19
Northfields Prospect, Northfields, London SW18 1PE, England.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:40008 Schooyans, Michel. The
demographic crash. From despair to hope. [Le crash
démographique. De la fatalité à
l'espérance.] ISBN 2-86679-275-0. 1999. 221 pp. Fayard: Paris,
France. In Fre.
This work, written from a Roman Catholic
perspective, is concerned with what the author perceives as the global
decline in fertility and its consequences. The author first describes
the "demographic crash" and identifies its causes, with
attention given to developing countries as well as the developed world.
Next, he analyzes the consequences of this trend. There are two
chapters on the activities of the United Nations in the population
field, including the various world population conferences it has
organized and its efforts to reduce rates of population growth. The
final chapters spell out the author's own suggestions for achieving a
better future, based on reconfirming the value of human life and on
overcoming the problems of global poverty by being willing to work in
cooperation.
Correspondence: Libraire Arthème
Fayard, 75 rue des Saints-Pères, 75006 Paris, France.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:40009 Silliman, Jael; King,
Ynestra. Dangerous intersections: feminist perspectives on
population, environment, and development. ISBN 0-89608-598-8. LC
98-30801. 1999. xxiv, 283 pp. South End Press: Boston, Massachusetts.
In Eng.
This book presents a selection of papers by members of the
Committee on Women, Population, and the Environment (CWPE) on aspects
of overpopulation. In particular, these studies examine the reasons why
a variety of environmental, social, and security issues around the
world are defined or presented as population problems. "We expose
the people, the philosophies, the funding, and the politics behind such
analyses. In short, CWPE rejects the simplistic projection of
population growth as the major source of environmental degradation. We
do so in order to redirect attention to the roots of the problem, while
working with progressive movements to find socially just solutions. At
the same time, we strongly support women's right to safe birth control
and abortion as part of comprehensive health care. We take on the
double challenge of combating population control forces and the
anti-abortion movement, both of which seek to restrict women's
reproductive freedom."
Correspondence: South End
Press, 116 St. Botolph Street, Cambridge, MA 02115. Location:
Princeton University Library (FST).
Short (fewer than 100 pages), general works on population and global population studies. Items on activities of research institutions in demography are also included.
65:40010 Caldwell, John C.
Population: Explosion or implosion? Development Bulletin, No.
48, Apr 1999. 62-5 pp. Canberra, Australia. In Eng.
The author
reviews worldwide demographic trends throughout the twentieth century.
Topics considered include rapid population growth, containment,
population decline, and thoughts about future
trends.
Correspondence: J. C. Caldwell, Australian National
University, Research School of Social Sciences, Demography Program,
Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
65:40011 Cherlin, Andrew J. Going
to extremes: family structure, children's well-being, and social
science. Demography, Vol. 36, No. 4, Nov 1999. 421-8 pp. Silver
Spring, Maryland. In Eng.
"In this article I argue that public
discussions of demographic issues are often conducted in a troubling
pattern in which one extreme position is debated in relation to the
opposite extreme. This pattern impedes our understanding of social
problems and is a poor guide to sound public policies. To illustrate
this thesis I use the case of social scientific research examining how
children are affected by not living with two biological parents while
they are growing up. Over the last decade, I maintain, most of the
public, and even many social scientists, have been puzzled and poorly
informed by this debate. In particular I consider Judith Wallerstein's
clinically based claims of the pervasive, profound harm caused by
divorce and, at the other extreme, Judith Rich Harris's reading of
behavioral genetics and evolutionary psychology, which leads her to
dismiss the direct effects of divorce. Neither extreme gives a clear
picture of the consequences of growing up in a single-parent family or
a stepfamily."
This is a revised version of the presidential
address presented at the 1999 Annual Meeting of the Population
Association of America.
Correspondence: A. J. Cherlin,
Johns Hopkins University, Department of Sociology, Baltimore, MD 21218.
E-mail: cherlin@jhu.edu. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
65:40012 Coleman, D. A.
Reproduction and survival in an unknown world: What drives today's
industrial populations, and to what future? NIDI Hofstee Lecture
Series, No. 5, ISBN 90-70990-78-4. 1999. 40 pp. Netherlands
Interdisciplinary Demographic Institute [NIDI]: The Hague, Netherlands.
In Eng.
The author addresses four related problems: "First,
after the demographic transition, what next? Can we envisage a second
demographic steady state to replace the pre-transitional equilibrium of
the early modern period? Second, to see if trends in today's industrial
societies are converging towards the same future or pointing to
diversity. Third, whether we can discern the dominant mechanisms which
drive demographic change, and thereby infer future demographic
patterns. Fourth, why literate people should ever want to have any
children, and if so, whether by some great convenience of nature, it
should happen to be two."
Correspondence: Netherlands
Interdisciplinary Demographic Institute, Postbus 11650, 2502 AR The
Hague, Netherlands. Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
65:40013 De Lung, Jane S.
Population growth: the complicating element. In: America's
demographic tapestry: baseline for the new millennium, edited by James
W. Hughes and Joseph J. Seneca. 1999. 50-8 pp. Rutgers University
Press: New Brunswick, New Jersey. In Eng.
Some of the implications
of current global demographic trends are reviewed with regard to
economic development, jobs and wages, climate change, water, food,
international migration, and government.
Correspondence: J.
S. De Lung, Population Resource Center, 15 Roszel Road, Princeton, NJ
08540. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:40014 Langford, C. M.
"Freedom" from a demographer's standpoint. In: LSE
on freedom: a centenary anthology, edited by Eileen Barker. ISBN
1-56000-976-4. LC 97-3860. 1997. 262-74 pp. Transaction Publishers: New
Brunswick, New Jersey/London, England; London School of Economics and
Political Science: London, England. In Eng.
Some instances in which
demographers should be concerned with issues of freedom are examined.
These include situations in which constraints on freedom have been or
might be justified on demographic grounds, or where constraints might
have important demographic implications. The focus is on mortality and
fertility, with the emphasis on fertility. The issue of whether people
should always be free to practice contraception regardless of the
demographic goals of their respective governments is considered. The
author also discusses whether parents have the right to decide on the
sex of their children, as well as the right of governments to implement
programs of coercive fertility control. Finally, he also asks the
question: "If it is not the state that determines fertility, who
is to exercise the freedom? Is it the family, the couple or the
woman?"
Correspondence: C. M. Langford, London School
of Economics and Political Science, Houghton Street, Aldwych, London
WC2A 2AE, England. Location: Princeton University Library.
65:40015 Massey, Douglas S. What
critical demography means to me. Sociological Forum, Vol. 14, No.
3, Sep 1999. 525-8 pp. New York, New York. In Eng.
The author makes
the case that there is no conflict between the roles of social
scientist and social critic, and that demographers need not only to
undertake original research but to disseminate the results of that
research to the widest possible audience. Such dissemination can take
place in various ways, including willingness to offer public testimony
on issues on which the individual concerned has expert knowledge,
responding to requests for information from reporters, using the
Internet, and writing books and articles for the general
public.
Correspondence: D. S. Massey, University of
Pennsylvania, Department of Sociology, Philadelphia, PA 19104.
Location: Princeton University Library (PR).
65:40016 McMichael, Tony.
Overpopulation, overconsumption. British Medical Journal, Vol.
319, No. 7215, Oct 9, 1999. 931-1,014 pp. British Medical Association:
London, England. In Eng.
This special issue is devoted to aspects
of global overpopulation and overconsumption. Apart from seven articles
cited elsewhere in this issue, there are three relevant editorials:
Contrasting views on human population growth, by A. J. McMichael, J.
Guillebaud, and Maurice King; Impediments to effective fertility
reduction, by Tim Black; and The population policy pendulum, by Malcolm
Potts.
Selected items are cited elsewhere in this issue of
Population Index.
Correspondence: British Medical Journal,
BMA House, Tavistock Square, London WC1H 9JR, England. E-mail:
editor@bmj.com. Location: Princeton University Library (SZ).
65:40017 Mirza'i, Mohammad S.
Demographic transition: its causes and consequences. Nameye
Olum-e-Ejtema'i/Journal of Social Sciences, No. 12, Fall-Winter
1998-1999. 69-89 pp. Tehran, Iran. In Per. with sum. in Eng.
The
author discusses the causes and consequences of demographic transition,
with a focus on the contributions of fertility, mortality, and
migration.
Correspondence: M. S. Mirza'i, Shahid Beheshti
University, Evin, 19834 Teheran, Iran. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
65:40018 Population Reference Bureau [PRB]
(Washington, D.C.). World population: more than just
numbers. 1999. 16 pp. Washington, D.C. In Eng.
This is a
general introduction to the global population situation. It consists of
a series of short descriptions of how various aspects of population
affect the modern world. There are sections on population numbers,
population growth, life expectancy, age distribution, migration,
women's lives, environmental issues, geographical differences, and the
future.
Correspondence: Population Reference Bureau, 1875
Connecticut Avenue NW, Suite 520, Washington, D.C. 20009-5728. E-mail:
popref@prb.org. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:40019 Schwarz, Karl.
Revisiting a demographic revolution. Survival and death, number of
children, marriage, households and families, educational level, and
employment of the population in Germany in the twentieth century,
reflected by population statistics. [Rückblick auf eine
demographische Revolution. Überleben und Sterben, Kinderzahl,
Verheiratung, Haushalte und Familien, Bildungsstand und
Erwerbstätigkeit der Bevölkerung in Deutschland im 20.
Jahrhundert im Spiegel der Bevölkerungsstatistik.] Zeitschrift
für Bevölkerungswissenschaft, Vol. 24, No. 3, 1999. 229-79
pp. Wiesbaden, Germany. In Ger. with sum. in Eng; Fre.
This is a
summary, aimed at a broad audience, of demographic developments in
Germany over the course of the twentieth century, and the challenges
they present for the future. Without continued immigration, the
population will continue to decrease at an accelerating rate.
Pronatalist policies may be strengthened and further integration of
foreigners may be implemented to counter this trend. Demographic aging
will continue, and the resulting societal issues will have to be faced.
Households are diminishing in size; this may prompt implementation of a
more durable social safety net outside the family. Finally, the labor
market will challenge Germans to become more flexible in their
employment options.
Correspondence: K. Schwarz,
Klopstockstraße 14, 65187 Wiesbaden, Germany. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:40020 United Nations. Department of
Economic and Social Affairs. Population Division (New York, New
York). Population growth, structure and distribution: the
concise report. No. ST/ESA/SER.A/181, Pub. Order No. E.99.XIII.15.
ISBN 92-1-151338-3. 1999. v, 41 pp. New York, New York. In Eng.
This is a summary report on global population trends prepared for
the UN Population Commission. It contains sections on population growth
and its components; changing population age structures; population
distribution, urbanization, and internal migration; and population
growth, economic growth, poverty, food, and the environment. There is
also an annex on data collection, availability, and
quality.
Correspondence: UN Department of Economic and
Social Affairs, Population Division, DC2 1950, United Nations, New
York, NY 10017. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:40021 van Dalen, Hendrik P.; Henkens,
Kène. How influential are demography journals?
Population and Development Review, Vol. 25, No. 2, Jun 1999. 229-51,
405, 407-8 pp. New York, New York. In Eng. with sum. in Fre; Spa.
"This article examines, by means of citation analysis for the
years 1991-95, the process of knowledge dissemination in demography
journals and the intellectual exchange of demography journals with
neighboring social sciences. In addition, it investigates the degree of
uncitedness in demography journals. It turns out that a considerable
percentage of articles are left uncited.... However, these overall
uncitedness rates conceal large variations between journals.
General-oriented demography journals from the U.S. are well cited.
Within the set of demography journals, knowledge flows from general to
specialized journals and to a lesser extent the other way
around."
Correspondence: H. P. van Dalen, Netherlands
Interdisciplinary Demographic Institute, Postbus 11650, 2502 AR The
Hague, Netherlands. Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
Discussions of the main principles of demography and population theory not applied to actual data, including such concepts as Malthusianism, the demographic transition, overpopulation, optimum population, and stable and stationary population models as distinct from methodological studies and models using data, which are classified under N. Methods of Research and Analysis Including Models.
65:40022 Abernethy, Virginia D.
Population dynamics revisited: lessons for foreign aid and U.S.
immigration policy. In: People and their planet: searching for
balance, edited by Barbara S. Baudot and William R. Moomaw. 1999.
143-56 pp. St. Martin's Press: New York, New York; Macmillan Press:
Basingstoke, England. In Eng.
In challenging the theory that
population growth is an effect of underdevelopment, the author suggests
that human societies normally develop the cultural mechanisms to keep
their population size in balance with the carrying capacity of their
environment, and that development is likely to be destabilizing and
lead to surges in population growth because it disturbs the average
person's understanding that well-being is optimized by limiting family
size. She also suggests that development assistance designed to help
alleviate poverty can have harmful effects by causing misconceptions
about economic opportunity and encouraging high levels of fertility, as
can opportunities to emigrate to countries with more developed
economies. She notes that actual family size in most societies is
closely linked to the number of children that people want, and that
overpopulation is essentially a local problem, which can only be
resolved when people realize that local resources are limited or even
shrinking and seek to limit their fertility
accordingly.
Correspondence: V. D. Abernethy, Vanderbilt
University, Department of Psychiatry, Nashville, TN 37235.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:40023 Bock, John. Evolutionary
approaches to population: implications for research and policy.
Population and Environment, Vol. 21, No. 2, Nov 1999. 193-222 pp. New
York, New York. In Eng.
"Evolutionary theory is becoming an
increasingly important perspective in many social science disciplines.
Ironically, the impact of evolutionary theory has been minimal in the
study of human population although among the social sciences it is in
demography and related fields that evolutionary approaches would be
most appropriate. In this paper I review varying perspectives within
evolutionary theory, proceeding to a brief review of theoretical
paradigms within the field of demography. I then examine how
evolutionary perspectives can interface with these theories, showing
how evolutionary approaches elaborate, strengthen, and unify these
outlooks. Lastly, I explore the implications of evolutionary approaches
for research and policy."
Correspondence: J. Bock,
University of New Mexico, Department of Anthropology, Human
Evolutionary Ecology Program, Albuquerque, NM 87131. E-mail:
jbock@unm.edu. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:40024 Burch, Thomas K.
Computer modelling of theory: explanation for the 21st
century. Population Studies Centre Discussion Paper, No. 99-4,
ISBN 0-7714-2180-X. Mar 1999. 23 pp. University of Western Ontario,
Population Studies Centre: London, Canada. In Eng.
"The words
theory, model, and explanation are used in different ways by different
writers.... The question of which view of theory, models, and
explanation is the `correct' view seems less relevant than the question
of which view promises to be more fruitful for mainstream social
science. In this paper I argue the fruitfulness of an approach to
theory building, [computer] modelling, and
explanation...."
Correspondence: University of Western
Ontario, Population Studies Centre, London, Ontario N6A 5C2, Canada.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:40025 Caldwell, John C. The
strengths and limitations of demography, and the works of W. D.
Borrie. Journal of the Australian Population Association, Vol. 12,
No. 1, May 1995. 1-14 pp. Canberra, Australia. In Eng.
"This
lecture examines the nature of demography and how the work of W. D.
Borrie relates to it. The principal topics are: the meaning of
`demography', changes in the discipline, the uniqueness of demography,
population theories and ideologies, and the writings of W. D.
Borrie."
Correspondence: J. C. Caldwell, Australian
National University, Health Transition Centre, Canberra, ACT 0200,
Australia. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:40026 Carter, Anthony T.
Cultural models and demographic behaviour. In: The methods and
uses of anthropological demography, edited by Alaka M. Basu and Peter
Aaby. 1998. 246-67 pp. Clarendon Press: Oxford, England. In Eng.
In
this theoretical study, the author examines the question of the
relative importance of culture or agency, defined as rational decision
making isolated from context, with respect to changes in fertility. The
focus is on the material included in the 1983 collective work "The
Determinants of Fertility in Developing Countries", edited by
Rodolfo A. Bulatao and Ronald D. Lee. "My intent...is to outline a
critique of one pervasive feature of social theory and to point to an
alternative. The argument has three parts. In the first two parts, I
review and then criticize concepts of agency and culture common to
demography and anthropology as well as other social science
disciplines. In the third part, I briefly outline and discuss two
alternative approaches which may help us overcome the separation of
agency and culture, putting fertility in
context."
Correspondence: A. T. Carter, University of
Rochester, Department of Anthropology, Wilson Boulevard, Rochester, NY
14627. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:40027 Ferdinand, Ursula.
Malthusianism and neo-Malthusianism: on the origins and changes in
a concept. [Malthusianismus und Neomalthusianismus: Zu Entstehung
und Wandel eines Konzepts.] In: Demographie und Politik, edited by
Jürgen Dorbritz and Johannes Otto. 1999. 275-92 pp. Bundesinstitut
für Bevölkerungsforschung: Wiesbaden, Germany. In Ger.
The differences between Malthusian and neo-Malthusian theory are
discussed, especially as they pertain to sexual ethics. Following an
overview of Malthus's population theory, its revisions are discussed
and the creation of neo-Malthusianism, together with its new code of
sexual ethics, is examined. The neo-Malthusian movement around the turn
of the century is described, and its eugenic aspects are noted.
Finally, the position of Margaret Sanger and other feminists with
respect to the movement is addressed.
Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
65:40028 Friedlander, Dov; Okun, Barbara S.;
Segal, Sharon. The demographic transition then and now:
processes, perspectives, and analyses. Journal of Family History,
Vol. 24, No. 4, Oct 1999. 493-533 pp. Thousand Oaks, California. In
Eng.
"Fifty years have passed since the post-World War II
development of demography as an academic field. During this time, one
of the central focuses on research has been the study of demographic
and fertility transitions. The authors review a selection of research
developments and analytic issues that have appeared in the literature.
After presenting, in roughly chronological order, the general
development of this research work, they raise questions concerning
theory and methodology. In doing so, they argue that some research
directions have been overemphasized to the neglect of
others."
Correspondence: D. Friedlander, Hebrew
University of Jerusalem, Department of Population Studies, Mount
Scopus, 91905 Jerusalem, Israel. E-mail: dovfri@vms.huji.ac.il.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:40029 Hern, Warren M. How many
times has the human population doubled? Comparisons with cancer.
Population and Environment, Vol. 21, No. 1, Sep 1999. 59-80 pp. New
York, New York. In Eng.
"Along with decreasing doubling times
as a function of increasing rates of population growth over the past
several thousand years, the human species has shown striking parallels
with a malignant growth.... At 6 billion, the number of doublings
reached by the human population as of 1998 is 32.5, with the 33rd
doubling (8.59 billion) expected early in the next century.... [My]
observations support the hypothesis that the human species has become a
malignant process on the planet that is likely to result in the
equivalent, for humans, of ecosystem death, or at least in a radical
transformation of the ecosystem, the early phases of which are being
observed."
Correspondence: W. M. Hern, 1130 Alpine,
Boulder, CO 80304. Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
65:40030 Immerman, Ronald S.; Mackey, Wade
C. A model of hominid evolution as a partial function of
sexually transmitted diseases. Mankind Quarterly, Vol. 40, No. 1,
Fall 1999. 3-39 pp. Washington, D.C. In Eng.
"Three
bio-cultural features of existing humans must have had an evolutionary
history. These features are (1) a reduced sexual dimorphism, (2) the
systematic non-random paternal provisioning of particular women and
children, and (3) human vulnerability to a wide array of sexually
transmitted diseases (STDs). It is argued that these three features may
have been interrelated for a long time. Fisher's model of the `sex
contract'--an exchange of sexual exclusivity for preferential
provisioning and protection--is reviewed within the dual contexts of
(i) the transition from a multiple partner reproductive strategy to a
pair-bonding reproductive strategy and (ii) the negative impact of
sexually transmitted diseases upon human
fertility."
Correspondence: R. S. Immerman, Case
Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:40031 Khalatbari, Parviz.
Demographic transition--the process of interrupting the continuity
of population dynamics. [Demographische Transition--der
Prozeß der Unterbrechung der Kontinuität in der
Bevölkerungsbewegung.] Zeitschrift für
Bevölkerungswissenschaft, Vol. 24, No. 1, 1999. 29-45 pp.
Wiesbaden, Germany. In Ger. with sum. in Eng; Fre.
The author
argues that demographic transition, though rare, is an intrinsic part
of demographic processes over time and marks the transformation of one
type of reproductive process into another. This transformation is
heralded by the gradual erosion of the existing equilibrium between the
determinants of population change, and the gradual development of a new
equilibrium. "In this period of transition, population change
resembles neither the old type nor the approaching new one. Population
change within the period of transition has its own character and its
own inherent laws."
Correspondence: P. Khalatbari,
Gesellschaft für Demographie, Parkaue 3, 10367 Berlin, Germany.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:40032 Khalatbari, Parviz. Two
hundred years of controversy over a pamphlet. [Zweihundert Jahre
Kontroverse um ein Pamphlet.] Utopie Kreativ, No. 99, Jan 1999. 20-31
pp. Berlin, Germany. In Ger.
This is a discussion of three
revisions of Malthus's Essay on the Principle of Population, published
200 years ago. After summarizing the main points, the author examines
how Malthus's ideas have fared to the present day. He suggests that
Malthus's main error was not recognizing that human fertility has
social as well as biological determinants. The author points out,
however, that Malthus's method of creating a model and applying it to
complex phenomena such as population dynamics remains valuable to this
day. Finally, he suggests that Malthus came to faulty conclusions in
part because he failed to foresee the impact of industrialization on
human society.
Correspondence: P. Khalatbari, Gesellschaft
für Demographie, Parkaue 3, 10367 Berlin, Germany. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:40033 Khalatbari, Parviz; Otto,
Johannes. Two hundred years of Malthus. On the occasion of
the two-hundredth anniversary of the publication of "An essay on
the principle of population; as it affects the future improvement of
society with remarks on the speculations of Mr. Godwin, M. Condorcet,
and other writers" [200 Jahre Malthus. Aus Anlaß des
200. Jahrestages der Veröffentlichung von: "An essay on the
principle of population; as it affects the future improvement of
society with remarks on the speculations of Mr. Godwin, M. Condorcet,
and other writers"] Materialien zur Bevölkerungswissenschaft,
No. 96, 1999. 99 pp. Bundesinstitut für
Bevölkerungsforschung: Wiesbaden, Germany. In Ger.
This is a
collection of papers presented at a 1998 conference in Berlin, Germany,
marking the two-hundredth anniversary of the publication of Malthus's
Essay on the Principle of Population. This collection includes the
following papers: A critical analysis of Malthus's teaching, by Parviz
Khalatbari; The perennial myth of Malthus, by Rainer Mackensen;
Malthusianism, neo-Malthusianism, and population studies, by Peter
Marschalck; Population and social issues in middle-class society--on
the reception of Malthus's theory after 100 years, by Jürgen
Cromm; The race between stork and plough, by Josef Schmid; and
Süßmilch and Malthus: on opposing views, the mega-cities of
the future, and the increase in population, by Eckart
Elsner.
Correspondence: Bundesinstitut für
Bevölkerungsforschung, Friedrich-Ebert-Allee 4, Postfach 5528,
65180 Wiesbaden, Germany. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
65:40034 Kreager, Philip. The
limits of diffusionism. In: The methods and uses of
anthropological demography, edited by Alaka M. Basu and Peter Aaby.
1998. 298-322 pp. Clarendon Press: Oxford, England. In Eng.
The
traditional diffusion theory on which much of demographic transition
theory is based is challenged in this paper. The author uses "the
example of changes in African marriage systems to illustrate the great
openendedness of diffusion outcomes and to underline that diffusion
does not mean merely imitation or adoption, or even rejection. He also
uses this example to highlight the great potential for anthropological
demography to contribute to a new diffusion theory more suited to
understanding demographic change. Such an approach would focus on the
ways in which larger factors constrain the diffusion process as well as
the ways in which these constraints themselves are bent or
circumvented, with the result that outcomes cannot be comfortably
predicted in any generalized way."
Correspondence: P.
Kreager, University of Oxford, Pauling Centre for Human Sciences,
Wellington Square, Oxford 0X1 2JD, England. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:40035 Mackensen, Rainer.
Theoretical notes on the concept of transition. [Theoretische
Notizen zum Konzept der Transition.] Zeitschrift für
Bevölkerungswissenschaft, Vol. 24, No. 1, 1999. 5-28 pp.
Wiesbaden, Germany. In Ger. with sum. in Eng; Fre.
"At the
occasion of the death of Kingsley Davis, the author sets out to find
out why his idea of a 'demographic transition' introduced in 1945 was
adopted as a term but not as a concept.... He discusses the papers
presented at an international seminar in the GDR in 1980 and arrives at
the conclusion that...only three of nine papers concerned with theory
actually call into question the formal scheme of 'demographic
transition'.... Khalatbari...presents a sophisticated theory of
transition which is just as comprehensive as it is modern: it covers
demographic history in its entirety and not just that of the last two
centuries. It is applicable to both Europe and developing countries and
is in line...with current theories of both evolutionary biology and
human ecology.... There is thus no shortage of material for a
theoretical discussion."
Correspondence: R. Mackensen,
Regensburger Straße 20, 14612 Falkensee, Germany. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:40036 Malthus, Thomas R. An
essay on the principle of population. Great Minds Series, ISBN
1-57392-255-2. LC 98-31693. 1998. ix, 396 pp. Prometheus Books:
Amherst, New York. In Eng.
This is a reprint of Robert Malthus's
study on the principle of population, which was originally published in
1798. The basic argument is that "population, when unchecked,
tends to increase faster than the availability of subsistence:
therefore, preventive checks on population increase are
necessary."
Correspondence: Prometheus Books, 59 John
Glenn Drive, Amherst, NY 14228-2197. E-mail:
marketing@prometheusbooks.com. Location: Cornell University
Library, Ithaca, NY.
65:40037 Michel, Harald. The
concept of population in the era of mercantilism. [Der
Bevölkerungsgedanke im Zeitalter des Merkantilismus.] Edition
IFAD, No. II, Oct 1997. 33 pp. Institut für Angewandte
Demographie: Berlin, Germany. In Ger.
Concepts surrounding
population from the sixteenth to the eighteenth century in Western
Europe are analyzed. In general, the theory was that the larger a
state's population, the better, since it would be capable of greater
economic productivity. The author presents varied German, French, and
English source material to illustrate his
points.
Correspondence: Institut für Angewandte
Demographie, Sophienstraße 3, 10178 Berlin, Germany. E-mail:
ifad@ifad.b.shuttle.de. Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
65:40038 Prskawetz, A.; Feichtinger, G.;
Luptacik, M.; Milik, A.; Wirl, F.; Hof, F.; Lutz, W.
Endogenous growth of population and income depending on resource
and knowledge. European Journal of Population/Revue
Européenne de Démographie, Vol. 14, No. 4, 1998-1999.
305-31 pp. Dordrecht, Netherlands. In Eng. with sum. in Fre.
"Though endogenous growth theory has addressed the puzzle of
how to explain differences in growth rates--by introducing
technological change as endogenously evolving out of the economic
environment--it is still restrictive in the sense that it neglects the
endogeneity of demographic and environmental variables. The purpose of
this paper is to add these variables to the topic of endogenous growth
theory and to investigate the effects on long term sustainable
development. While most studies are usually concerned with linearized
dynamics and stationary states of the dynamics system, we investigate
the resulting nonlinear dynamic interactions using phase space concepts
and local bifurcation theory."
Correspondence: A.
Prskawetz, Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, Doberaner
Straße 114, 18057 Rostock, Germany. E-mail:
Fuernkranz@demogr.mpg.de. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
65:40039 Riley, Nancy E.
Challenging demography: contributions from feminist theory.
Sociological Forum, Vol. 14, No. 3, Sep 1999. 369-97 pp. New York, New
York. In Eng.
"Demography as a field has made limited progress
in its work on understanding the role of gender in demographic change
for several reasons. This paper explores the theoretical,
methodological, and political influences on this understanding. For
example, demography can be seen as a field that because of its
stability and resources, has not been forced into the `crises' that
might force it to question its assumptions and methodologies; it has
not developed a tradition of reflexivity, one which might address
alternative approaches to this and other issues, such as the political
nature of population work. In addition, partly because of a reliance on
certain kinds of methodological approaches, demographers tend to use
measures of gender that reflect individual characteristics rather than
those that allow understanding of gender at a larger level, or provide
information beyond the individual. The result is a particular approach
to gender within demographic studies. Feminist theoretical approaches
to gender could contribute to the field and the study of population
change in general in several key ways."
Correspondence:
N. E. Riley, Bowdoin College, Department of
Sociology/Anthropology, Brunswick, ME 04011. Location:
Princeton University Library (PR).
65:40040 Rohrbasser, Jean-Marc.
William Petty (1623-1687) and the calculation of the doubling of
the population. [William Petty (1623-1687) et le calcul du
doublement de la population.] Population, Vol. 54, No. 4-5, Jul-Oct
1999. 693-706 pp. Paris, France. In Fre. with sum. in Eng; Spa.
"In his Other Essay of Political Arithmetic (1682), William
Petty speculates about the doubling of the population. He estimates the
speed of growth of London's population and, more generally, of the
population of the entire planet. After having carried out some curious
forecasting calculations based on biblical chronology, he demonstrates
the variability of this speed of growth. This fundamental thesis was by
no means self-evident to minds imbued with theology and intent on
identifying consistency and linearity in demographic phenomena. The
course followed by Petty, who was a physician, not a theologian, is
certainly indicative of a fascination with numbers, but it also
provides an illustration of how the history of sciences sometimes
follows unlikely paths to discover elements of
truth."
Correspondence: J.-M. Rohrbasser, Institut
National d'Etudes Démographiques, 133 boulevard Davout, 75980
Paris Cedex 20, France. E-mail: rohrbass@ined.fr. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:40041 Senior, Nassau W. Two
lectures on population, and the correspondence between the author and
the Rev. T. R. Malthus. [Due lezioni sulla populazione, con
l'aggiunta di una corrispondenza tra l'autore ed il reverendo T. R.
Malthus.] ISBN 88-491-0961-X. 1997. 80 pp. Cooperativa Libraria
Universitaria Editrice [CLUEB]: Bologna, Italy. In Ita.
This is an
Italian translation of Nassau William Senior's two Oxford lectures in
1828. Senior, a political economist at Oxford and King's College,
London, proposed an interpretation of demographic development that ran
counter to the theories of Malthus in that it linked economic
development and social conditions to the rate of population growth. The
correspondence between Senior and Malthus is included in this volume,
as is an introduction by Raffaele Lungarella.
Translated from
English into Italian by Pietro Crocioni and Raffaele Lungarella.
Correspondence: Cooperativa Libraria Universitaria
Editrice Bologna, Via Marsala 24, 40126 Bologna, Italy. E-mail:
www.clueb.com. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:40042 Sokoll, Thomas.
Population growth and industrialization: England's individual path
through the "demographic transition"
[Bevölkerungswachstum und Industrialisierung: der englische
Sonderweg im "demographischen Übergang"] In: Demographie
und Politik, edited by Jürgen Dorbritz and Johannes Otto. 1999.
293-310 pp. Bundesinstitut für Bevölkerungsforschung:
Wiesbaden, Germany. In Ger.
The author argues that the model of
demographic transition originated by Notestein and Davis should no
longer be used. Using the example of England between 1541 and 1981, he
shows that the patterns posited by the model do not apply. He points
out the significant variation in demographic variables in the
pre-transition period, focusing especially on the steep increase in
fertility rates in the mid-eighteenth century to early nineteenth
century, which he links to increased employment, and the mortality
decline at the end of the nineteenth and beginning of the twentieth
century, which he links to a rise in the standard of living rather than
to improvements in medicine.
Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
Interdisciplinary studies of demographic problems and studies of the interaction of demography with other disciplines. This coding is also used for reports, studies, and surveys from other disciplines that include information of demographic interest.
65:40043 Anarfi, John K.
Anthropological perspectives on migration in Africa. In: The
methods and uses of anthropological demography, edited by Alaka M. Basu
and Peter Aaby. 1998. 199-222 pp. Clarendon Press: Oxford, England. In
Eng.
The contribution that anthropology can make to the study of
migration is explored in the context of migration in Africa. The
emphasis is on those aspects of migration to which non-demographic
approaches can make the most significant contribution, such as the
economic impact of migration, its impact on health, and its impact on
sexual behavior. Attention is given to the contribution of
anthropological methods to the study of the migration decision-making
process.
Correspondence: J. K. Anarfi, University of Ghana,
Institute of Statistical, Social, and Economic Research, Legon, Ghana.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:40044 Basu, Alaka M.; Aaby, Peter.
The methods and uses of anthropological demography.
International Studies in Demography, ISBN 0-19-829337-2. LC 98-6176.
1998. x, 329 pp. Clarendon Press: Oxford, England. In Eng.
This
collective work is the outcome of a workshop on anthropological
demography organized by the IUSSP in Barcelona, Spain, in November
1993. It "takes stock of the current status of the comparatively
new discipline of `Anthropological Demography', and discusses its major
methods, its main strengths, and its chief limitations. It includes
contributions from both mainstream demographers and anthropologists,
all stressing the necessity of a shared agenda for each discipline to
progress successfully and avoid marginalization."
Selected
items are cited elsewhere in this issue of Population
Index.
Correspondence: Oxford University Press, Great
Clarendon Street, Oxford OX2 6DP, England. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
65:40045 Cabrera Trimiño, Gilberto
J. Population, geography, and economy: universality,
totality, and eco-interdependence. [Población,
geografía y economía: universidad, totalidad y
ecointerdependencia.] ISBN 959-7005-13-1. Jan 1997. 131 pp. Universidad
de la Habana, Centro de Estudios Demográficos [CEDEM]: Havana,
Cuba. In Spa.
This is a general study on the interrelationships
among economic, ecological, geographical, and demographic factors in
the development process. The geographical focus is
worldwide.
Correspondence: Universidad de la Habana, Centro
de Estudios Demográficos, Avenida 41 Número 2003, Playa
13, Havana, Cuba. Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
65:40046 Caldwell, John C.; Orubuloye, I. O.;
Caldwell, Pat. Methodological advances in studying the
social context of AIDS in West Africa. In: The methods and uses of
anthropological demography, edited by Alaka M. Basu and Peter Aaby.
1998. 22-38 pp. Clarendon Press: Oxford, England. In Eng.
The
authors outline an anthropological-demographic approach, developed
during fertility studies in Ghana and Nigeria in the 1960s and 1970s.
The authors modified the methodology to study the sensitive topics of
sexual networking and the spread of AIDS in Africa. They describe such
research in Nigeria and Ghana, and among specific high-risk
groups.
Correspondence: J. C. Caldwell, Australian National
University, National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health,
G.P.O. Box 4, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:40047 Cleland, John; Kaufmann,
Georgia. Education, fertility, and child survival:
unravelling the links. In: The methods and uses of anthropological
demography, edited by Alaka M. Basu and Peter Aaby. 1998. 128-52 pp.
Clarendon Press: Oxford, England. In Eng.
The major purpose of this
paper is to examine how anthropological methods can contribute to a
greater understanding of how education affects demographic outcomes,
particularly fertility and mortality. The geographical focus is on
developing countries and many of the data are taken from Demographic
and Health Surveys. The authors suggest that the anthropological
approach may be more useful in analyzing values and attitudes toward
family size and fertility regulation than in the study of child
mortality.
Correspondence: J. Cleland, London School of
Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Centre for Population Studies, Keppel
Street, London WC1E 7HT, England. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
65:40048 Foner, Nancy.
Anthropology and the study of immigration. American Behavioral
Scientist, Vol. 42, No. 9, Jun-Jul 1999. 1,268-70 pp. Thousand Oaks,
California. In Eng.
"Although hardly a groundswell, the
growing number of anthropologists involved in immigration research in
[the United States] is beginning to have an impact on the field. As
even the most remote cultures become incorporated into, and influenced
by, global economies and cultures--and as `classic' anthropological
peoples like the Nuer or Sherpa move to American cities--it is becoming
more acceptable, and respectable, for anthropologists to study
immigrants in the United States as their first
research."
Correspondence: N. Foner, State University
of New York, College at Purchase, Department of Anthropology, Purchase,
NY 10577. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:40049 Kaufmann, Georgia.
Kinship structures, marriage systems, and reproductive behaviour:
the use of anthropology and demography in a Brazilian case study.
In: The methods and uses of anthropological demography, edited by Alaka
M. Basu and Peter Aaby. 1998. 107-27 pp. Clarendon Press: Oxford,
England. In Eng.
Some of the commonalities and divergences that the
two disciplines of demography and anthropology share with regard to the
study of the demography of the family are examined in the context of
the author's fieldwork in Brazil. The focus is on the significance of
marital status among poor, urban women and the impact of marital status
on reproductive behavior and fertility.
Correspondence: G.
Kaufmann, University of Sussex, Institute of Development Studies,
Brighton BN1 9RE, England. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
65:40050 Knodel, John. Using
qualitative data for understanding old-age security and fertility.
In: The methods and uses of anthropological demography, edited by Alaka
M. Basu and Peter Aaby. 1998. 57-80 pp. Clarendon Press: Oxford,
England. In Eng.
Using his experience in Thailand, the author
examines the contribution that qualitative data generated from focus
group discussions can make toward a better understanding of the
relationship between fertility and the need for security in old age.
The focus group data are from a project carried out with the Institute
for Population and Social Research at Mahidol University in 1982 and
1983 on the determinants of the fertility decline, and from the
University of Michigan Comparative Study of the Elderly in Asia carried
out in 1990-1991. The topics discussed included expectations for
support from children in old age. The value of supplementing the
quantitative data obtained through surveys with qualitative data of
this kind is stressed.
Correspondence: J. Knodel,
University of Michigan, Population Studies Center, 426 Thompson Street,
P.O. Box 1248, Ann Arbor, MI 48106-1248. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
65:40051 Rockett, Ian R. H.
Population and health: an introduction to epidemiology.
Population Bulletin, Vol. 54, No. 4, Dec 1999. 44 pp. Population
Reference Bureau: Washington, D.C. In Eng.
This publication
provides an introduction to the concept of epidemiology, defined as the
"study of the distribution and determinants of health-related
states or events in specified populations, and the application of this
study to control of health problems." There are chapters on its
auspicious origins, demographic and epidemiologic transitions, disease
models, compiling epidemiologic evidence, finding patterns (descriptive
epidemiology), and searching for cause (analytic
epidemiology).
Correspondence: Population Reference Bureau,
1875 Connecticut Avenue NW, Suite 520, Washington, D.C. 20009-5728.
E-mail: popref@prb.org. Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
65:40052 Roth, Eric A. Proximate
and distal variables in the demography of Rendille pastoralists.
Human Ecology, Vol. 27, No. 4, Dec 1999. 517-36 pp. New York, New York.
In Eng.
"Following the widespread application and success of
Bongaarts' proximate fertility framework in the 1980s, anthropologists
and demographers have shown increased interest in the delineation of
distal fertility variables, alternatively called 'higher-order' by
cultural ecologists or 'ultimate' variables by evolutionary ecologists.
This shift in focus raises at least four immediate issues: (1)
confusion over the role and effect of culture on individual members'
behavior, (2) whether the individual or the group forms the basic unit
of analysis, (3) discordance between external and internal perspectives
of demographic regimes, and (4) difficulty comparing and evaluating
quantitative survey-based data with qualitative information derived
from focus groups or key informants. This paper presents one approach
to dealing with these problems, featuring the assessment of
anthropological and demographic data collected for Rendille
pastoralists of northern Kenya, a group long cited in both
anthropological and demographic literature as regulating their
fertility in relation to ecological
factors."
Correspondence: E. A. Roth, University of
Victoria, Department of Anthropology, P.O. Box 3050, Victoria, British
Columbia V8W 3P5, Canada. E-mail: ericroth@uvic.ca. Location:
Princeton University Library (PR).
65:40053 van der Geest, Sjaak.
Participant observation in demographic research: fieldwork
experiences in a Ghanaian community. In: The methods and uses of
anthropological demography, edited by Alaka M. Basu and Peter Aaby.
1998. 39-56 pp. Clarendon Press: Oxford, England. In Eng.
Using his
personal experience while engaged in a research project in Ghana over a
two-year period, the author makes the case that research results
obtained from using the quantitative approach associated with
demography can be greatly enhanced by adding the qualitative methods
used in anthropology. In particular, he describes how the ethnographic
interview, participation, observation, and introspection are the tools
that the anthropologist needs to use when undertaking demographic
research. He maintains that survey research alone cannot handle such
sensitive subjects as sex and reproduction, and that the
anthropological approach is necessary to interpret quantitative data
effectively.
Correspondence: S. van der Geest, University
of Amsterdam, Anthropological Sociological Center, Medical Anthropology
Unit, Oudezijds Achterburgwal 185, 1012 DK Amsterdam, Netherlands.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:40054 Waters, Mary C.
Sociology and the study of immigration. American Behavioral
Scientist, Vol. 42, No. 9, Jun-Jul 1999. 1,264-7 pp. Thousand Oaks,
California. In Eng.
"I will review three issues here. They are
the relationship between immigration and the study of race, the problem
of being inter-disciplinary when there exists a hierarchy of
disciplines in which some are valued more than others, and the problem
of managing a career within a discipline when one's work strays outside
of disciplinary boundaries."
Correspondence: M. C.
Waters, Harvard University, Department of Sociology, William James
Hall, Cambridge, MA 02138. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
Major demographic textbooks and teaching aids, general surveys and collections of readings that are particularly suitable as supplements to coursework, studies on the organization and coverage of training programs in demography, and selected items on population education.
65:40055 Groenewold, George; Navaneetham,
Kannan. The projection of populations: data appraisal,
basic methods and applications. Population and Sustainable
Development Teaching Texts, 1998. vi, 114 pp. Centre for Development
Studies: Thiruvananthapuram, India. In Eng.
This is a teaching text
on population projections. Its three main objectives are that: "1.
The course participant will have gained insight in some main conceptual
and methodological issues that form the foundation of projections. 2.
The course participant will have gained insight in the main preparatory
stage and follow-up activities such as the collection, processing,
appraisal and adjustment of projection input data, projection methods,
and the evaluation and policy implications of the projections results.
[and] 3. The course participant will have a basic understanding of how,
with help of user-friendly projection software, simple projections of
population categories can be made." The geographical focus is on
developing countries.
Correspondence: Centre for
Development Studies, Prasanthnagar Road, Ulloor, Thiruvananthapuram 695
011, Kerala, India. E-mail: sscds@ren.nic.in. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:40056 Heigl, Andreas.
Introduction to demography using personal computers.
[Einführung in die Demographie am PC.] Materialien zur
Bevölkerungswissenschaft, No. 92, 1999. 76 pp. Bundesinstitut
für Bevölkerungsforschung: Wiesbaden, Germany. In Ger.
This teaching aid introduces basic demographic concepts and
calculations and includes practical exercises using Microsoft Excel.
Subjects covered include population structure, age and sex
distribution, fertility rates by period and cohort, timing of births,
mortality, life tables, and demographic projections and
predictions.
Correspondence: Bundesinstitut für
Bevölkerungsforschung, Friedrich-Ebert-Allee 4, Postfach 5528,
65180 Wiesbaden, Germany. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
65:40057 Sharma, Rajendra K.
Demography and population problems. 1997. [295] pp. Atlantic
Publishers and Distributors: New Delhi, India. In Eng.
This is
intended as a basic introductory textbook in demography designed
primarily for undergraduate studies in India. There are chapters on
relations with other disciplines, population theories, methods and
sources of data, world population growth and trends, the development of
demography in India, size and characteristics of the Indian population,
mortality, fertility, migration, urbanization, labor force,
unemployment, population problems, family planning and family welfare,
and population policies.
Correspondence: Atlantic
Publishers and Distributors, B-2 Vishal Enclave, Najafgarh Road, New
Delhi 110 027, India. Location: Institut National d'Etudes
Demographiques, Paris, France.
65:40058 Società Italiana di Statistica
[SIS] (Rome, Italy). Demography, probability, statistics
in school. [Demografia, probabilità, statistica a scuola.]
Induzioni, Vol. 14, 1997. 201 pp. Istituti Editoriali e Poligrafici
Internazionali: Pisa, Italy. In Ita.
This issue contains several
contributions focusing on the teaching of demography in schools. They
cover the following topics: Is there demographic software appropriate
for school use?; European experience with teaching demography in
schools; Gender and population--curriculum ideas; Is teaching
demography in Italian schools possible and realistic?; and Ways to
teach demography in school.
Correspondence: Istituti
Editoriali e Poligrafici Internazionali, Casella Postale n. 1, Succ. n.
8, 56123 Pisa, Italy. E-mail: iepi@sirius.pisa.it. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:40059 Weeks, John R.
Population: an introduction to concepts and issues. 7th ed.
ISBN 0-534-55305-2. LC 98-39201. 1999. xxiii, 673 pp. Wadsworth:
Belmont, California. In Eng.
This textbook is designed as a general
introduction to the basic concepts of population studies, to enable the
student to develop his or her own demographic perspective, and to
better understand one of the world's major issues. The book is
organized into five parts, which deal with demographic perspectives,
including world population growth and regional differences, data
sources, and population theory; population processes, including
mortality, fertility, and migration; population structure and
characteristics, including demographic aging, family demography, and
urbanization; population, development, and the environment; and use of
the demographic perspective, which includes population policy issues.
An appendix deals with life tables, net reproduction and mean length of
generation, and standardization. A glossary of key population terms is
included.
For the 6th edition, published in 1996, see 63:10022.
Correspondence: Wadsworth Publishing, 10 Davis Drive,
Belmont, CA 94002. Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
65:40060 Xiao, Huiyin.
Demographic studies in Germany. Chinese Journal of Population
Science, Vol. 10, No. 3, 1998. 241-9 pp. New York, New York. In Eng.
"Along with the growing interest in demography and population
issues in recent years among researchers in the world, immigration,
emigration, and the movement of rural population have attracted
tremendous attention from the Federal Government, universities,
historians, economists, sociologists, and research institutions in
Germany." Based on a 1996 research visit at the University of
Osnabrück, Germany, the author goes on to describe the academic
and institutional aspects of demographic studies in
Germany.
Correspondence: H. Xiao, Chinese Academy of Social
Sciences, Institute of World History, 5 Jianguomen Nei Da Jie 5 Hao,
Beijing, China. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
