Studies concerned with the relations between population factors as a whole and economic aspects. Relations affecting a single demographic variable and economic factors are coded under the variable concerned and cross-referenced to this division, if appropriate.
Studies concerned equally with economic and social development. Most studies on the microeconomics of the family will be found in G.2. Family and Household and cross-referenced to this division, if appropriate.
Studies on economic and social development with a worldwide emphasis, together with those with no geographical emphasis.
65:30647 Becker, Gary S.; Glaeser, Edward L.;
Murphy, Kevin M. Population and economic growth.
American Economic Review, Vol. 89, No. 2, May 1999. 145-9 pp.
Nashville, Tennessee. In Eng.
"In this short paper, we only
sketch out a few features of our ongoing research on population and
growth. We relate population to cities, investments in human capital,
and economic growth. Although we do not explore this, our analysis has
similar implications for the effects of higher population density on
per capita incomes and other variables in different countries and other
geographic regions."
Correspondence: G. S. Becker,
University of Chicago, Department of Economics, 1126 East 59th Street,
Chicago, IL 60637. Location: Princeton University Library
(PF).
65:30648 Galor, Oded; Weil, David N.
From Malthusian stagnation to modern growth. American Economic
Review, Vol. 89, No. 2, May 1999. 150-4 pp. Nashville, Tennessee. In
Eng.
"This paper examines the historical evolution of the
relationship among population growth, technological change, and the
standard of living. It considers several unified models that encompass
the transition between three distinct regimes that have characterized
the process of economic development: the `Malthusian Regime', the
`Post-Malthusian Regime', and the `Modern Growth Regime'. We view the
unified modeling of this long transition process, from thousands of
years of Malthusian stagnation through the demographic transition of
modern growth, as one of the most significant research challenges
facing economists interested in growth and
development."
Correspondence: O. Galor, Brown
University, Department of Economics, Providence, RI 02912.
Location: Princeton University Library (PF).
General studies on the relations between population factors and economic development in developing countries. Includes studies on dependency as they relate to developing countries.
65:30649 Bora, Bijit. Trade and
investment in the APEC region: 1980 to 1993. In: International
trade and migration in the APEC region, edited by Peter J. Lloyd and
Lynne S. Williams. 1996. 14-31 pp. Oxford University Press: New York,
New York/Oxford, England; Bureau of Immigration, Multicultural and
Population Research: Melbourne, Australia. In Eng.
"The
purpose of this paper is to review the empirical evidence on trade and
investment in the APEC region. Throughout the paper an emphasis is
placed on the fact that there are already strong linkages between some
countries within APEC.... The paper focuses on trade and investment
developments since 1980 and covers trade in goods, services and foreign
direct investment flows.... The data analysis...is divided into three
categories: the absolute expansion of trade and investment in the
region, the changing composition of trade and investment linkages,
[and] the geographical bias in the patterns of
linkages."
Correspondence: B. Bora, Flinders
University of South Australia, Bedford Park, SA 5042, Australia.
Location: Princeton University Library (FST).
65:30650 Chandna, R. C.
Development and population growth: the Indian experience.
Population Geography, Vol. 18, No. 1-2, Jun-Dec 1996. 9-26 pp.
Chandigarh, India. In Eng.
"The development processes in
association with the demographic trends prevailing in India have been
examined in the context of such processes prevailing in South Asia in
general and in comparison to [the] East Asian experience in
particular.... Within India, the inter-state diversity in population
growth and development has been analysed on the basis of a few select
indicators including average annual population growth, couple
protection rate, infant mortality rate, female literacy, mean age at
marriage for females, infrastructural facilities, proportion below
poverty line and the per capita income."
Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:30651 Dang, Thu; Gendreau, Francis; Nozawa,
Miki. The transition to a market economy, poverty, and
demographic changes in Viet Nam. [Transition vers
l'économie de marché, pauvreté et changements
démographiques au Viêt Nam.] Universités
Francophones, Actualité Scientifique, 1998. 51-70 pp. Editions
ESTEM: Paris, France; Université des Réseaux d'Expression
Française [UREF]: Paris, France; Association des
Universités Partiellement ou Entièrement de Langue
Française [AUPELF]: Paris, France. In Fre.
This chapter is
in three parts. First, the authors describe Viet Nam's transformation
since 1986 toward a market economy with a Socialist orientation. The
second part discusses socioeconomic and geographic inequalities that
have arisen during this period. The third and final part focuses on the
demographic situation, with sections on health and mortality, fertility
and family planning, and migration and employment. The authors conclude
that it is difficult to establish whether the fertility decline is
primarily due to the family planning program or to the country's
economic progress. They also note that changing economic conditions
have considerably increased internal migration, both to the cities and
to regions with land available for cultivation.
Correspondence:
T. Dang, Centre sur la Population et le Développement, 27
Tran Xuan Soan, Hanoi, Viet Nam. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
65:30652 Desta, Engdawork. Third
world development and population: a reflection. Geographical
Bulletin, Vol. 40, No. 1, May 1998. 24-30 pp. Ypsilanti, Michigan. In
Eng.
"In a world of plenty, many countries continue to suffer
from lack of basic necessities.... The reason [that] Third World
countries remain underdeveloped is certainly not because of absence of
resources or lack of know-how. The relationship between development and
population might also be direct but it is not necessarily negative all
the time. If the potentials of science and technology are released,
most of the constraints of economic sustainability would probably be
overcome within a few years."
Correspondence: E.
Desta, ADMAS Consultants, 637 Concerto Lane, Silver Spring, MD 20901.
Location: New York Public Library, New York, NY.
65:30653 Ela, Jean-Marc.
Population, poverty, and crises. [Population, pauvreté
et crises.] Universités Francophones, Actualité
Scientifique, 1998. 17-34 pp. Editions ESTEM: Paris, France;
Université des Réseaux d'Expression Française
[UREF]: Paris, France; Association des Universités Partiellement
ou Entièrement de Langue Française [AUPELF]: Paris,
France. In Fre.
This study is concerned with the relationships
among population factors, poverty, and the economic crises that many
developing countries, particularly in Sub-Saharan Africa, are currently
experiencing. The author discusses the globalization of the economies
of most of these countries and examines the demographic consequences;
he also points out the financial hardships caused by economic
restructuring. He concludes that these harsh economic conditions are
causing major changes in demographic behavior.
Correspondence:
J.-M. Ela, Université Laval, Ecole de Service Social,
Quebec G1K 7P4, Canada. Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
65:30654 Hao, Yan. Dependency of
the Chinese elderly: an exploration. Journal of the Australian
Population Association, Vol. 15, No. 2, Nov 1998. 171-86 pp. Canberra,
Australia. In Eng.
"The paper explores the Chinese elderly's
dependency, or need for assistance, in four key functional areas:
physical, mental, social and economic, based on data from the 1992
National Survey on the Old-age Support System (NSOSS). The approximate
indicators, selected on data availability, show that the dependency
rates of the elderly differed markedly by functional area. Only a very
small proportion of the elderly were physically dependent or partly
dependent. In contrast, economic dependency was a common phenomenon.
The dependency rates varied by age, sex and urban-rural residence.
Older people, females and rural residents were more likely to have a
higher need for assistance."
Correspondence: Y. Hao,
Australian National University, Research School of Social Sciences,
Demography Program, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:30655 Loriaux, Michel.
Population and development: a global and systemic approach.
[Populations et développements: une approche globale et
systémique.] Population et Développement, No. 5, ISBN
2-87209-422-9. 1998. 582 pp. Academia-Bruylant: Louvain-la-Neuve,
Belgium; L'Harmattan: Paris, France. In Fre. with sum. in Eng.
This
is a collection of 20 papers by various authors summarizing the results
of research on the compatibility between population dynamics and
sustainable development. The research was carried out from 1987 to 1995
at the International Centre for Development and Population at the
Catholic University of Louvain in Belgium. "The twenty or so
contributors thus address themselves `systematically' to philosophical
and practical questions such as the possibility of alternatives to
western-style development, the links between population and
development, demographic modelling, the impact of structural adjustment
as well as rural and urban planning." The primary geographical
focus is on developing countries.
Selected items will be cited in
this or subsequent issues of Population Index.
Correspondence:
Academia-Bruylant, Grand Rue, 25 Bte 115, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve,
Belgium. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:30656 Mehta, S. R. Poverty,
population and sustainable development: essays in honour of Professor
Victor S. D'Souza. ISBN 81-7033-407-1. 1997. xii, 430 pp. Rawat
Publications: Jaipur, India. In Eng.
This collection of papers,
prepared in honor of Victor S. D'Souza, is a interdisciplinary effort
to examine the relationships among poverty, population, and sustainable
development. The primary geographical focus of the 21 papers is on
developing countries, particularly India, although some papers examine
the situation in the developed countries, such as the United States.
Following an introductory paper, the papers are divided into three
sections, which are entitled: Poverty, backwardness, social
stratification, inequality and development; Population, health and
development; and Sustainable development: socio-cultural and ecological
dimensions.
Correspondence: Rawat Publications, 3-Na-20
Jawahar Nagar, Jaipur 302 004, India. Location: Cornell
University Library, Ithaca, NY.
65:30657 Montgomery, Mark R.; Arends-Kuenning,
Mary; Mete, Cem. The quantity-quality transition in
Asia. Policy Research Division Working Paper, No. 123, 1999. 58
pp. Population Council: New York, New York. In Eng.
"Societies
in which fertility is falling and human capital investment per child is
increasing are experiencing a `quantity-quality' transition. Such
transitions imply, over the long term, both slower rates of labor force
growth and higher levels of human capital per worker.... The aim of
this paper is to explore both the negative and positive feedbacks that
have affected the quantity-quality transition in
Asia."
Correspondence: Population Council, Policy
Research Division, One Dag Hammarskjold Plaza, New York, NY 10017.
Author's E-mail: mmontgomery@popcouncil.org. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:30658 Nakibullah, Ashraf; Rahman,
Aminur. Poverty-led higher population growth in
Bangladesh. Bangladesh Development Studies, Vol. 24, No. 1-2,
Mar-Jun 1996. 151-64 pp. Dhaka, Bangladesh. In Eng.
"This
paper addresses the issue whether population growth is exogenous or
endogenous in the economic progress of Bangladesh for the last three
decades.... In particular, we use recent techniques to investigate
trends in real gross domestic product (GDP) per capita and population
growth series of Bangladesh and use the analysis to examine whether
long-run movements in population growth are related to long-run
movements in real GDP per capita."
Correspondence: A.
Nakibullah, University of Bahrain, Department of Economics, P.O. Box
32038, Isa Town, Bahrain. Location: Princeton University
Library (PF).
65:30659 Shoeeb, Farouk; Naguib, Mohamed;
Helal, Abdel G. Demographic factors and development
planning in Egypt. CDC Series on Population and Development, No.
7, 1994. 22 pp. Cairo Demographic Center: Cairo, Egypt. In Eng. with
sum. in Ara.
"The main objective of this paper is to
demonstrate some...demographic aspects and their relation
to...development planning [in Egypt]. The population growth, and age
composition were reviewed.... The momentum of population [growth] and
aging [of the] population will [also] be
discussed."
Correspondence: Cairo Demographic Center,
78 Street No. 4, El-Hdhaba Elolya, Mokattam 11571, Cairo, Egypt.
E-mail: cdc@frcu.eun.eg. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
65:30660 Soliman, Salwa; Abdel-Latif, Abla;
El-Mahdi, Alia; Nassar, Heba; Hassan, Ahmad; El Leithy, Heba; Moustafa,
Mahasen. Population and development in Egypt. CDC
Series on Population and Development, No. 1, 1994. 164 pp. Cairo
Demographic Center: Cairo, Egypt. In Eng. with sum. in Ara.
This is
the first volume in a new series on population and development.
"On the occasion of convening of the International Conference on
Population and Development (ICPD) in Cairo, September 1994, a study
group of economists and demographers...prepared a study on `Population
and Development in Egypt', on behalf of Egyptian Non-Governmental
Organization (NGOS) through the Sub-Committee of Economic and
Development." Chapters are included on population dynamics,
population as an engine for growth, population as a burden on
development, population and unemployment, population and poverty, and
human development.
Correspondence: Cairo Demographic
Center, 78 Street No. 4, El-Hdhaba Elolya, Mokattam 11571, Cairo,
Egypt. E-mail: cdc@frcu.eun.eg. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
65:30661 Takouo, Dieudonné.
Poverty and demographic changes in Yemessoa (Cameroon).
[Pauvreté et changements démographiques à Yemessoa
(Cameroun).] Universités Francophones, Actualité
Scientifique, 1998. 239-48 pp. Editions ESTEM: Paris, France;
Université des Réseaux d'Expression Française
[UREF]: Paris, France; Association des Universités Partiellement
ou Entièrement de Langue Française [AUPELF]: Paris,
France. In Fre.
This is an analysis of the demographic impact of
the current African economic crisis on the town of Yemessoa in
Cameroon, about 50 kilometers from the capital, Yaoundé. Data
are from surveys carried out in the town in 1994 and 1995. Heads of
households generally agreed that it no longer made sense to have a
large number of children. The lack of job opportunities and the
increasing inability of parents to provide dowries has led to a general
postponement of marriage and a growing acceptance of consensual unions.
Another consequence of the economic crisis has been an increase in
return migration to the rural village of origin, although many return
migrants envisage this step as a temporary one.
Correspondence:
D. Takouo, OCISCA-ORSTOM, Institut Français de Recherche
pour le Développement en Coopération, B.P. 1857,
Yaoundé, Cameroon. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
65:30662 Taylor, Alan M. Growth
and convergence in the Asia-Pacific region: the role of openness, trade
and migration. In: International trade and migration in the APEC
region, edited by Peter J. Lloyd and Lynne S. Williams. 1996. 175-94
pp. Oxford University Press: New York, New York/Oxford, England; Bureau
of Immigration, Multicultural and Population Research: Melbourne,
Australia. In Eng.
"This study has attempted to distil the key
content of the empirical growth literature relevant to the question of
how openness, trade and migration have affected growth and convergence
in the Asia-Pacific Region. I surveyed a large body of impressive work,
yet found the conventional reduced-form approaches wanting in terms of
insight into precise growth mechanisms. Instead I added a structural
approach to estimating the components of the dynamic system of economic
growth. This shed some light on the mechanics of economic growth in the
Asia-Pacific Region."
Correspondence: A. M. Taylor,
Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208. Location:
Princeton University Library (FST).
Studies on the relations between population and economic factors as they affect the developed world. Also includes studies on the economic effects of a stationary or declining population, the effects of aging on the economy, retirement, and problems of economic dependency in developed countries.
65:30663 Artus, Patrick. The real
effects of demography on the economy. [Les vrais effets de la
démographie sur l'économie.] Population et Avenir, No.
641, Jan-Feb 1999. 4-5 pp. Paris, France. In Fre.
The impact of
current demographic trends, particularly demographic aging, on the
economies of developed countries is examined using the example of
Japan. The author concludes that the relatively large cohorts born
after World War II will bear the brunt of the economic burden: not only
will their earnings be lower, but the return on their savings in old
age will also be lower than that of previous
cohorts.
Correspondence: P. Artus, Caisse des
Dépôts et Consignations, Paris, France. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:30664 Auerbach, Alan J.; Oreopoulos,
Philip. Analyzing the fiscal impact of U.S.
immigration. American Economic Review, Vol. 89, No. 2, May 1999.
176-80 pp. Nashville, Tennessee. In Eng.
"This paper
reconsiders the fiscal impact of immigrants [in the United States] over
time.... Of particular value in the present context is that
generational accounting permits us to consider not only the net
contribution of immigrants to fiscal balance, but also the size of this
impact relative to the overall imbalance. Generational accounting also
allows us to compare changes in immigration policy to other policies in
terms of their impact on fiscal balance and the welfare of different
generations."
Correspondence: A. J. Auerbach,
University of California, Department of Economics, Berkeley, CA
94720-3880. Location: Princeton University Library (PF).
65:30665 Corina, Giovanni A.; Honkkila, Juha;
Paniccià, Renato; Popov, Vladimir. Long-term growth
and welfare in transitional economies: the impact of demographic,
investment and social policy changes. WIDER Working Paper, Vol.
122, LC 98-123178. Dec 1996. vii, 56 pp. United Nations University,
World Institute for Development Economics Research [WIDER]: Helsinki,
Finland. In Eng.
"This paper analyzes the long-term growth and
welfare impact of the transition to the market economy in the countries
of Eastern Europe.... We examine four sets of factors that will
influence growth and the welfare of wage earners up to the year
2030.... The overall impact of these factors is simulated by means of a
mini-model which calculates changes in potential output, gross average
wage, pension bill and welfare over 1990-2030. The simulation results
indicate that the long-term growth of potential output will remain
modest until 2020 because of the slow accumulation of both physical and
human capital, and the stagnation of labor
supply."
Correspondence: United Nations University,
World Institute for Development Economics Research, Katajanokanlaituri
6 B, 00160 Helsinki, Finland. E-mail: wider@wider.unu.edu.
Location: U.S. Library of Congress, Washington, D.C.
65:30666 Demange, Gabrielle; Laroque,
Guy. Social security and demographic shocks.
Econometrica, Vol. 67, No. 3, May 1999. 527-42 pp. Evanston, Illinois.
In Eng.
"An overlapping generations model of social security
with shocks to the productivity of labor and capital and demographic
shocks is studied. We focus attention on stationary long run
allocations. An allocation is interim optional if there does not exist
another feasible allocation that improves the expected welfare of all
generations, computed conditionally on the state of the world when they
are born. We characterize the set of interim optimal allocations and
study the equilibria associated with various institutional forms of
social security from the point of view of this optimality
criterion."
Correspondence: G. Demange, DELTA, 48
Boulevard Jourdan, 75014 Paris, France. E-mail: demange@delta.ens.fr.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPIA).
65:30667 France. Institut National de la
Statistique et des Etudes Economiques [INSEE] (Paris, France).
Regional trends, 1998. [Tendances régionales, 1998.]
Synthèses, No. 22, ISBN 2-11-066-9926. Mar 1998. 195 pp. Paris,
France. In Fre.
This is the first in a planned annual series of
reports that will examine economic trends at the regional level in
France. It has four sections, which analyze major trends over the
course of the 1990s in territory and population, productive capacity,
employment, and household income. It also includes estimates of
economic activity, employment, and unemployment in the regions in 1997.
The final section presents the most recent statistical data on these
topics.
Correspondence: Institut National de la Statistique
et des Etudes Economiques, 18 boulevard Adolphe Pinard, 75675 Paris
Cedex 14, France. Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
65:30668 Organisation for Economic
Co-operation and Development [OECD] (Paris, France).
Maintaining prosperity in an ageing society. ISBN
92-64-16093-0. LC 98-186025. 1998. 142 pp. Paris, France. In Eng.
"Within the next decade, the numbers of retired people in OECD
countries will start to grow much faster than those of working age. In
the absence of major changes to pension systems and to the way people
allocate their time between education, work and leisure, it is likely
that fiscal and social strains will start to emerge. Some groups may be
unfairly burdened through high taxation and others would face
unexpected reductions in their material living standards. The
appropriate policy response is multi-faceted, covering fiscal, social,
labor market, financial market, health and education
policies....Through this multi-disciplinary study, the OECD points to
the need to take action now by implementing a comprehensive and
consistent set of policies."
Correspondence:
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, 2 rue
André-Pascal, 75775 Paris Cedex 16, France. Location:
U.S. Library of Congress, Washington, D.C.
65:30669 Sarris, Alexander H.; Zografakis,
Stavros. A computable general equilibrium assessment of
the impact of illegal immigration on the Greek economy. Journal of
Population Economics, Vol. 12, No. 1, 1999. 155-82 pp. Berlin, Germany.
In Eng.
"This paper presents a theoretical and empirical
analysis of the impact of illegal immigration on the economy of the
small open type, like that of Greece. The theoretical analysis uses a
small stylised model to show that there is no unequivocal case for
illegal immigration to lead to declines in the real wages of unskilled
labour and increases in the real wages of skilled. Empirical analysis
using a recently constructed applied general equilibrium model for
Greece, adapted to the purpose in hand, shows that the inflow of
illegal immigrants has resulted in declines of the real disposable
incomes of two classes of households among the fifteen modelled, namely
those headed by an unskilled person, that are poor and middle income.
All other households gain."
Correspondence: A. H.
Sarris, University of Athens, Department of Economics, 8 Pesmazoglou
Street, GR 10559 Athens, Greece. E-mail: asarris@hol.gr. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:30670 Sullström, Risto; Laakso, Seppo;
Loikkanen, Heikki. Finnish population centres
growing. Unitas, Vol. 69, No. 4, 1997. 9-15 pp. Helsinki, Finland.
In Eng.
The authors discuss regional development in Finland.
"The recent upturn in migration has spurred debate about changes
in Finland's regional structure and the ways and means open to regional
policymakers.... Will the future population and economic activity
concentrate on a few growth areas, or will Finland remain broadly
inhabited, with basic public services guaranteed in every corner of the
country? Or will the course of development be somewhere between these
alternatives?"
Correspondence: R. Sullström,
University of Helsinki, Department of Economic and Social History,
Aleksannterinkatu 7, 000100 Helsinki, Finland. Location:
Stanford University Library, Stanford, CA.
65:30671 Weil, David N.
Population growth, dependency, and consumption. American
Economic Review, Vol. 89, No. 2, May 1999. 251-5 pp. Nashville,
Tennessee. In Eng.
"In this paper I [examine] how population
growth affects the average level of utility or, more specifically,
consumption per capita [in developed countries]. Further, I focus on
only a single channel: the effect of population growth on the ratio of
dependent consumers to working-age adults."
Correspondence:
D. N. Weil, Brown University, Department of Economics, Providence,
RI 02912. Location: Princeton University Library (PF).
Studies on the environment, quality of life, conservation, food production, etc., and their interrelations with population factors.
65:30672 Chumpitaz, Carlos C.
Water and the population-environment relation in Mexico: an
evaluation using environmental statistics. [El agua y la
relación población-medio ambiente en México: una
evaluación desde las estadísticas del medio ambiente.]
Papeles de Población, Vol. 3, No. 14, Oct-Dec 1997. 33-57 pp.
Toluca, Mexico. In Spa.
The author assesses the potential use of
statistics on the environment in Mexico as an instrument of information
about population-environment relations. Principal data sources are
described and evaluated. The focus is on water as an element in the
population-environment situation. Data availability and compatibility
are discussed.
Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
65:30673 Courade, Georges. Food
and agricultural policies. [Alimentation et politiques agricoles.]
In: Populations et développements: une approche globale et
systémique, edited by Michel Loriaux. 1998. 263-96 pp.
Academia-Bruylant: Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium; L'Harmattan: Paris,
France. In Fre.
The author notes that global problems in providing
adequate food supplies are generally agreed to be due to problems not
of production but of distribution, and particularly to the lack of
financial resources in the countries that need food aid the most. Using
the example of Africa, the author discusses the extent of insecurity
concerning the food supply in most countries, the levels of
malnutrition, and the effect of current global economic trends such as
structural adjustment on primary agricultural production. He makes the
case that market forces cannot solve Africa's food problems, and that,
despite the weakness of the governmental sector in many African
countries, the development of efficient agricultural and food policies
is essential.
Correspondence: G. Courade, Institut
Français de Recherche pour le Développement en
Coopération, 24 rue Bayard, 75008 Paris, France. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:30674 Cropper, Maureen; Griffiths, Charles;
Mani, Muthukumara. Roads, population pressures, and
deforestation in Thailand, 1976-89. World Bank Policy Research
Working Paper, No. 1729, Feb 1997. 48 pp. World Bank: Washington, D.C.
In Eng.
"Between 1976 and 1989, Thailand lost 28 percent of
its forest cover. To analyze how road building, population pressure,
and geophysical factors affected deforestation in Thailand during that
period, [the authors] develop a model in which the amount of land
cleared, the number of agricultural households, and the size of the
road network are jointly determined."
Correspondence:
World Bank, 1818 H Street NW, Room N10-031, Washington, D.C.
20433. E-mail: amaranon@worldbank.org. Location: World Bank,
Joint Bank-Fund Library, African Development Centre, Washington, D.C.
65:30675 Kahl, Colin H.
Population growth, environmental degradation, and state-sponsored
violence: the case of Kenya, 1991-93. International Security, Vol.
23, No. 2, Autumn 1998. 80-119 pp. Cambridge, Massachusetts. In Eng.
The author advances a hypothesis of state exploitation in an
attempt to determine the relationship of population growth and
environmental degradation to civil strife. "I contend that
demographic and environmental stress can sometimes lead to civil strife
initiated by state elites who seek to capitalize on scarcities of
natural resources and related social grievances to advance their
parochial interests. I also identify two key intervening variables,
institutional inclusivity and groupness, that help determine the
likelihood that countries plagued by severe population and
environmental pressures will experience state-sponsored violence.... [I
demonstrate] the plausibility of the state exploration hypothesis by
examining the wave of ethnic violence that swept over Kenya between
1991 and 1993."
Correspondence: C. H. Kahl, Columbia
University, Department of Political Science, New York, NY 10027.
E-mail: chk12@columbia.edu. Location: Princeton University
Library (SF).
65:30676 Kidanu, Aklilu.
Integration of population, environment equitable, and sustainable
development issues into the curriculum of the Demographic Training and
Research Centre of the Institute of Development Research at Addis Ababa
University. LC 98-981235. 1996. xii, 190 pp. Addis Ababa
University, Institute of Development Research: Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
In Eng.
These are the proceedings of a workshop held in Addis
Ababa, Ethiopia, April 18-19, 1995. The contents are as follows:
Population, environment and development--policy and programmatic
implications of past and current situations, by Seyoum G. Selassie;
Interdisciplinary and inter-agency cooperation project on environment
and population education and information for human development, by R.
C. Sharma; Population pressure and problems of arable land degradation
in Ethiopia, by Belay Tegene; The impact of population growth and
environmental degradation on biological diversity and the need for
collaborative work, by Zemede Asfaw and Endashaw Bekele; Population and
renewable resources in Ethiopia: with emphasis on forest, water and
rangeland resource, by Tegegne G. Egziabher; The status of population
and environmental education in Ethiopia: a review of the curricula, by
Assefa Hailemariam and Yohannes Kinfu; and Review of training and
research programs on population, and environmental studies in selected
universities/institutions: learning from their experiences, by Markos
Ezra.
Correspondence: Addis Ababa University, Institute of
Development Research, Demographic Training and Research Center, Addis
Ababa, Ethiopia. Location: U.S. Library of Congress,
Washington, D.C.
65:30677 Klineberg, Stephen L.; McKeever,
Matthew; Rothenbach, Bert. Demographic predictors of
environmental concern: it does make a difference how it's
measured. Social Science Quarterly, Vol. 79, No. 4, Dec 1998.
734-53 pp. Austin, Texas. In Eng.
"In this paper, we
examine...systematically how the selection of a particular measure of
environmental concern affects its relation to demographic variables. We
first discuss four distinct ways of measuring that concern in the
literature, and review the variation that previous studies report in
the relationship of the various measures to background factors. We then
present new data [for Texas] to show that the characteristics of a
particular measure greatly affect the variables that are found to be
related to it.... The only two demographic variables that are
consistently correlated with environmental concern across all the
different measures are age and education."
Correspondence:
S. L. Klineberg, Rice University, Department of Sociology, ms 28,
P.O. Box 1892, Houston, TX 77251. E-mail: slk@rice.edu. Location:
Princeton University Library (FST).
65:30678 Legrand, Thomas. Global
population growth and the environment: a review of the issues.
[Croissance de la population mondiale et environnement: les enjeux.]
Cahiers Québécois de Démographie, Vol. 27, No. 2,
Autumn 1998. 221-52, 336, 338-9 pp. Montreal, Canada. In Fre. with sum.
in Eng; Spa.
"This article reviews the hypothesized effects of
global population growth on the environment and considers their policy
implications." The focus is on the ethical considerations of
population growth; the complexity of environmental processes; the
concentration of adverse effects of population growth on renewable,
rather than nonrenewable, resources; the need for noncoercive efforts
to slow population growth; and the impact of difficult-to-resolve
political and administrative problems.
Correspondence: T.
Legrand, Université de Montréal, Centre de Recherche et
Développement en Economique, C.P. 6128, Succursale Centre-ville,
Montréal, Quebec H3C 3S7, Canada. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
65:30679 Mostafa, Mahasen M.
Population, development and environmental policies in Egypt.
CDC Series on Population and Development, No. 4, 1994. 61 pp. Cairo
Demographic Center: Cairo, Egypt. In Eng. with sum. in Ara.
"This paper aims at illustrating the nature of the
relationship and the interaction between population and sustainable
development activities that affect environment. It also emphasises the
effects of environmental degradation on population and development
activities. The study also explains the environmental policies in
Egypt."
Correspondence: Cairo Demographic Center, 78
Street No. 4, El-Hdhaba Elolya, Mokattam 11571, Cairo, Egypt. E-mail:
cdc@frcu.eun.eg. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:30680 Neupert, Ricardo F.
Population, nomadic pastoralism and the environment in the
Mongolian Plateau. Population and Environment, Vol. 20, No. 5, May
1999. 413-41 pp. New York, New York. In Eng.
"The purpose of
this paper is to examine the relationship between population, economic
activity and the environment in the Mongolian Plateau.... The Mongolian
Plateau is shared by two entities, with two different economic and
social organisation: the Republic of Mongolia and the inner Mongolia
Autonomous Region of the People's Republic of China.... The argument
discussed here is that the difference in resource depletion and
environmental degradation between the two regions is mainly the result
of different population dynamics, which has resulted in different human
and animal population densities.... Although the analysis presented in
this paper focuses mainly on demographic dissimilarities between the
pastoral societies in the two regions, institutional and policy factors
are also recognised as relevant for the explanation of environmental
differences."
Correspondence: R. F. Neupert, UNFPA,
P.O. Box 4595, Maputo, Mozambique. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
65:30681 Templeton, Scott R.; Scherr, Sara
J. Effects of demographic and related microeconomic change
on land quality in hills and mountains of developing countries.
World Development, Vol. 27, No. 6, Jun 1999. 903-18 pp. Oxford,
England. In Eng.
"In this paper we review and conduct a
microeconomic meta-analysis of more than 70 studies to determine how
and why demographic change and related variables affect production and
land resources that are used for and impacted by production in
hilly-mountainous areas [in developing countries].... Much of the
evidence is consistent with a U-shaped graphical relationship between
land productivity on the vertical axis and relative land-labor costs on
the horizontal."
Correspondence: S. R. Templeton,
University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720. Location:
Princeton University Library (PF).
65:30682 United Nations. Economic and Social
Commission for Asia and the Pacific [ESCAP] (Bangkok,
Thailand). Population and environment dynamics, poverty
and quality of life in countries of the ESCAP region. Asian
Population Studies Series, No. 147, Pub. Order No. ST/ESCAP/1893. 1997.
195 pp. Bangkok, Thailand. In Eng.
This report is the product of an
ESCAP project on population and environmental dynamics, poverty, and
quality of life in Asia and the Pacific. The project was carried out in
four countries, Bangladesh, Indonesia, Nepal, and the Philippines.
"The main purposes of the project were to highlight the impact of
population growth and distribution on resources, the environment and
sustainable development, and to investigate those relationships through
macro- and micro-level studies. The project involved the preparation of
country profiles on population, the environment, poverty, quality of
life and sustainable development, with a view to enhancing awareness
and appreciation of those relationships among policymakers, planners
and community leaders." The report presents highlights of the
discussions, major findings, and recommendations from meetings that
took place over the course of the project and from country case studies
prepared for those meetings.
Correspondence: UN Economic
and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific, United Nations
Building, Rajdamnern Nok Avenue, Bangkok 10200, Thailand. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:30683 Wrigley, E. A. Corn and
crisis: Malthus on the high price of provisions. Population and
Development Review, Vol. 25, No. 1, Mar 1999. 121-8, 206, 208 pp. New
York, New York. In Eng. with sum. in Fre; Spa.
The author discusses
"the influences that can both give rise to starvation even when
the local harvest is of a normal size and yet can also leave prices
largely unaffected, even in conditions of food shortage so acute that
there are many famine deaths...." Malthus's essay on this topic is
examined, with a focus on his analysis of the causes of price
differentials and scarcity.
Correspondence: E. A. Wrigley,
British Academy, 10 Carlton House Terrace, London SW1Y 5AH, England.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
Studies of employment and labor force statistics that are of demographic relevance. Includes studies of the labor force (employment status, occupation, and industry) and of the relations among employment, labor force participation, and population factors. Studies on the effect of female labor force participation on fertility are coded under F.1. General Fertility and cross-referenced here.
65:30684 Basu, Bharati.
Efficiency wages, unemployment and international factor
movements. Journal of International Trade and Economic
Development, Vol. 7, No. 3, Sep 1998. 317-38 pp. London, England. In
Eng.
"This paper examines the implications of unemployment
resulting from efficiency wages for international factor movements in a
standard Heckscher-Ohlin model where the relative size of the
endowments of skilled and unskilled workers and the efficiency wage
induced unemployment level in the unskilled labour market are
simultaneously determined given the population, supply of capital and
its distribution in the economy.... It is shown that the optimum labour
inflow in the market with domestic distortion and the optimum capital
inflow are always positive because they reduce the severity of
distortion by raising employment and income for the residents. The
income and employment of foreigners also increase. Under this situation
the optimum labour or capital outflow on the other hand is always zero.
These conclusions directly contradict the result obtained for
international factor movements in the presence of exogenously
determined unemployment."
Correspondence: B. Basu,
Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, MI 48859. E-mail:
B.BASU@cumich.edu. Location: World Bank, Joint Bank-Fund
Library, African Development Centre, Washington, D.C.
65:30685 Bernhardt, Annette; Morris, Martina;
Handcock, Mark; Scott, Marc. Inequality and mobility:
trends in wage growth for young adults. Population Research
Institute Working Paper, No. 99-03, Jul 1998. 32, [8] pp. Pennsylvania
State University, Population Research Institute: University Park,
Pennsylvania. In Eng.
"This paper compares the
intragenerational mobility of two...cohorts of young white [U.S.] men:
the first entered the labor market in the late 1960s, the second in the
early 1980s. For each cohort, we analyze wage profiles across 16 years
using a mixed-effects model. We find that long-term wage growth has
both stagnated and become more unequal in recent years.... Our findings
suggest a decline in the economic welfare of workers who entered the
labor market in the 1980s."
Correspondence: A.
Bernhardt, Columbia University, Institute on Education and the Economy,
Teachers College, Box 174, 525 West 120th Street, New York, NY 10027.
E-mail: ab273@columbia.edu. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
65:30686 Boyle, Paul; Cooke, Tom; Halfacree,
Keith; Smith, Darren. Integrating GB and US census
microdata for studying the impact of family migration on partnered
women's labour market status. International Journal of Population
Geography, Vol. 5, No. 3, May-Jun 1999. 157-78 pp. Chichester, England.
In Eng.
"Large microdata sample files from national censuses
are increasingly being used in social science research, yet little work
has been done to integrate such data-sets despite the literature that
draws attention to this potential. We argue that, while such research
is to be encouraged, there are problems in integrating different
data-sets that must be given due attention. The example considered here
is a cross-national analysis of the effects of family migration on
labour market participation rates for female partners using data from
the 1991 British Census Sample of Anonymised Records and the 1990
United States Public Use Microdata Sample. However, the lessons from
this exercise are argued to be of more general interest. The problems
we address are divided into those of: data collection, manipulation and
reliability; question type and definition; and the measurement of
individual and family variables. We also present some brief empirical
findings from our two samples."
Correspondence: P.
Boyle, University of Leeds, School of Geography, Leeds LS2 9JT,
England. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:30687 Flippen, Chenoa; Tienda,
Marta. Pathways to retirement: patterns of late-age labor
force participation and labor market exit by race, Hispanic origin, and
sex. OPR Working Paper, No. 99-1, Jan 1999. 37 pp. Princeton
University, Office of Population Research [OPR]: Princeton, New Jersey.
In Eng.
"This paper examines the late-aged labor force
participation behavior of [U.S.] black, white, and Hispanic men and
women to determine how patterns of labor market exit differ among
groups.... We show that black, Hispanic, and female elderly experience
more involuntary job separation in the years immediately prior to
retirement, and that the resulting periods of joblessness often
eventuate in `retirement' or labor force
withdrawal."
Correspondence: Princeton University,
Office of Population Research, 21 Prospect Avenue, Princeton, NJ
08544-2091. Author's E-mail: tienda@opr.princeton.edu. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:30688 Geva-May, Iris; Dean, James
W. Absorption of immigrants to Israel: on remedies for
market and policy myopia. Journal of Policy Analysis and
Management, Vol. 17, No. 4, Fall 1998. 697-705 pp. New York, New York.
In Eng.
"In this article, we argue that a mismatch between the
inflows of various types of human capital on the supply side and the
existing employment mix of the Israeli economy on the demand side
points to what we will call `market myopia.'... We define market myopia
in this context to mean the inability of Israeli labor markets to
provide timely employment for immigrants in the occupations and
professions for which they have been trained and educated, and in
which, typically, they were working before their arrival in Israel....
In our opinion what is needed is an explicit revision of strategy in
light of both the new Israel and the new global economy of the
1990s."
Correspondence: I. Geva-May, University of
Haifa, Department of Political Science, Mount Carmel, 31 905 Haifa,
Israel. Location: Princeton University Library (FST).
65:30689 Greenlees, Clyde S.; Saenz,
Rogelio. Determinants of employment of recently arrived
Mexican immigrant wives. International Migration Review, Vol. 33,
No. 2, Summer 1999. 354-77 pp. Staten Island, New York. In Eng.
"This study, based on data from the 1990 Public-Use Microdata
Sample (PUMS), focuses on a multilevel analysis of the determinants of
employment among married Mexican-origin women who immigrated to the
United States in the 1980s. The analytical model incorporates the
individual wife's human capital, family household resources, and the
areal structural labor market conditions that describe the local labor
environment. From this model, nine hypotheses are derived and examined
through logistic regression. The results provide support for all but
two of the hypotheses."
Correspondence: R. Saenz,
Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77840-7896. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:30690 Gurak, Douglas T. Ethnic
differences in occupational mobility in New York State from 1980 to
1990: a cohort approach. Population and Development Program
Working Papers Series, No. 98.01, [1998]. 18, [9] pp. Cornell
University, Department of Rural Sociology, Population and Development
Program: Ithaca, New York. In Eng.
"This chapter uses 1980 and
1990 [U.S.] Census data to provide an improved though still imperfect
image of the occupational integration of New York's ethnic minorities
during the 1980s.... While the impact of continued in-migration to New
York State, as well as of out-migration, will influence the evolving
system of ethnic relations, how those in place are doing remains a key
component of the evolving system."
Correspondence:
Cornell University, Department of Rural Sociology, 134 Warren
Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853-7801. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
65:30691 Le, Anh T.
Self-employment and earnings among immigrants in Australia.
International Migration, Vol. 37, No. 2, 1999. 383-412 pp. Oxford,
England. In Eng. with sum. in Fre; Spa.
"This article
contributes to the small Australian literature on the earnings of
immigrants in the self-employment sector. Earnings functions for both
the foreign-born and Australian-born are estimated, and the results
show that compared with native-born workers, foreign-born workers have
higher earnings in the wage/salary sector but lower earnings in the
self-employment sector. Among the foreign-born, the results suggest
that self-employed immigrants are less skilled compared with those who
are wage/salary employed. Thus, low-skilled immigrants may be forced
into self-employment."
Correspondence: A. T. Le,
University of Western Australia, Department of Economics, Nedlands, WA
6009, Australia. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:30692 Luxembourg. Service Central de la
Statistique et des Etudes Economiques [STATEC] (Luxembourg).
Residential mobility, sectoral mobility, and other changes in
employment in Luxembourg between 1994 and 1997. [Mobilité
résidentielle, mobilité sectorielle et autres changements
dans l'emploi entre 1994 et 1997.] Bulletin du STATEC, Vol. 46, No. 1,
1999. 42 pp. Luxembourg. In Fre.
This report analyzes changes in
the labor force in Luxembourg between 1994 and 1997. Separate
consideration is given to migration, including internal migration and
international migration; changes in employment among the various
sectors of the economy; and new additions to the active labor
force.
Correspondence: Service Central de la Statistique et
des Etudes Economiques, B.P. 304, 6 Boulevard Royal, 2013 Luxembourg.
E-mail: statec.post@statec.etat.lu. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
65:30693 Mata, Fernando; Pendakur,
Ravi. Immigration, labor force integration and the pursuit
of self-employment. International Migration Review, Vol. 33, No.
2, Summer 1999. 378-402 pp. Staten Island, New York. In Eng.
"Using correspondence analysis, we look at age-education
cohorts of male immigrants who arrived in Canada between 1945 and 1961
and compare them to similar age-education groups of Canadian-born males
in order to examine shifts in employment patterns across four census
periods. We find that immigrants with low levels of schooling
consistently had higher rates of self-employment than similar groups of
Canadian-born males, and the longer they stayed in Canada, the more
likely they were to become self-employed. We posit that the pursuit of
self-employment may be tied to the existence of a segmented labor
market, particularly for immigrants with low and moderate levels of
schooling."
Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
65:30694 McKay, John. Married
women and work in nineteenth century Lancashire: the evidence of the
1851 and 1861 census reports. Local Population Studies, No. 61,
Autumn 1998. 25-37 pp. Colchester, England. In Eng.
"This
paper sets out to re-examine the view that there was a steep decline in
the employment of married women over the second half of the nineteenth
century [in the United Kingdom and at the local level]. It relies
largely on the printed census reports for 1851, 1861 and 1911.... By
1911 the proportion of married women working had declined somewhat in
the country as a whole. However, the data in the Census Reports...in
national terms, any decline in the proportion of married women in
employment was much less than hitherto
believed."
Correspondence: J. McKay, Open University,
Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, England. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
65:30695 Smits, Jeroen. Family
migration and the labour-force participation of married women in the
Netherlands, 1977-1996. International Journal of Population
Geography, Vol. 5, No. 2, Mar-Apr 1999. 133-50 pp. Chichester, England.
In Eng.
"This paper examines the effects of long-distance
migration on the labour-force participation of married women in the
Netherlands using data from the 1977 and 1995/96 labour-force surveys.
The results show that married women who migrated in the year before the
interview to another province participated less in paid employment than
other married women.... In 1995/96, women with a high educational level
and women who live in the Randstad experienced less negative effects of
migration. At the same time, the negative effects of migration were
stronger for women with children at home and for women whose husbands
held prestigious jobs."
Correspondence: J. Smits,
University of Amsterdam, Faculty of Economics and Econometrics,
Roetersstraat 11, 1018 WB Amsterdam, Netherlands. E-mail:
j.smits@fee.uva.nl. Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
65:30696 Solé, Carlota; Ribas, Natalia;
Bergalli, Valeria; Parella, Sonia. Irregular employment
amongst migrants in Spanish cities. Journal of Ethnic and
Migration Studies, Vol. 24, No. 2, Apr 1998. 333-46 pp. Abingdon,
England. In Eng.
"This article presents data on the employment
situation of non-European Union immigrants in Spain. This type of
economic migration is heterogeneous by country of origin and level of
education. Once in Spain, the majority of immigrants (most of them
Moroccan) find work in domestic service (mainly women), hotel and
restaurant services, the building industry and retail trade. Migrants
in agriculture work in irregular situations and under worse labour
conditions than all other migrants. All migrants experience difficulty
in obtaining residence and labour permits. The net effect of
legislation has been the construction of a category of illegal
immigrants."
Correspondence: C. Solé,
Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona, Facultad de Ciencias
Políticas y Sociología, Departamento de
Sociología, C./Aribau, 146 Bis 2, 08036 Bellaterra, Barcelona,
Spain. E-mail: carlota.sole@Compuserve.com. Location:
Princeton University Library (PR).
65:30697 Venturini, Alessandra.
Do immigrants working illegally reduce the natives' legal
employment? Evidence from Italy. Journal of Population Economics,
Vol. 12, No. 1, 1999. 135-54 pp. Berlin, Germany. In Eng.
"The
paper uses estimates, provided by [Italy's] Central Statistical Office,
of standard units of labour to examine how immigrants working
(illegally) in the shadow economy affect the employment of (legal)
labour in the official economy. The results of our cross sector-time
series analysis of the demand for legal labour in the Italian economy
between 1980 and 1995 show that the increase of illegal units of labour
produces a reduction in the use of legal labour, albeit a very limited
one. An analysis by sectors shows that the competitive effect of
illegal foreign workers is not homogeneous and is strongest in the
agricultural sector, while complementarity between the two categories
of labour is evident in the non-tradable services
sector."
Correspondence: A. Venturini, University of
Bergamo, Department of Economics, Piazza Rosate 2, 24100 Bergamo,
Italy. E-mail: venturin@ibguniv.unibg.it. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
65:30698 Wirakartakusumah, M. Djuhari; Sirait,
Hisar; Hidayat, Zainul. Determinants of work and
co-residence of the elderly in Indonesia. In: Some problems and
issues of older persons in Asia and the Pacific. Asian Population
Studies Series, No. 144, 1997. 22-43 pp. New York, New York. In Eng.
"The main objective of this study is to unveil the economic,
social and demographic factors which prompt senior citizens [in
Indonesia] to: (a) continue working; and (b) live with their married
children.... First, it describes the characteristics of senior citizens
in four Indonesian provinces.... Second, it probes the ratio of
co-residency, based on determinants of social, economic and demographic
variables, by the elderly with their married children. Third, it looks
into the social, economic and demographic factors which cause senior
citizens to remain on the workforce. It also reviews the implications
of their continued employment on the social life and structure of the
household."
Correspondence: M. D. Wirakartakusumah,
University of Indonesia, Faculty of Economics, Demographic Institute,
Gedung A, Lantai 2 and 3, Depok 16424, Indonesia. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:30699 Zarca, Bernard.
Socio-occupational proximity between siblings and between their
partners: a medium-term comparison. [Proximités
socioprofessionnelles entre germains et entre alliés: une
comparaison dans la moyenne durée.] Population, Vol. 54, No. 1,
Jan-Feb 1999. 37-71 pp. Paris, France. In Fre. with sum. in Eng; Spa.
The author addresses intergenerational transmissions of
socio-occupational position from parents to children and their partners
using 1990 data for France. "The phenomenon of transmission and
transfer are found to be present over time in all social categories
though to varying degrees, with a trend towards a greater equality
between siblings. On the other hand, The phenomena of complementarity
are tending to lose their force, except among the small [group of]
self-employed who form the most traditional sections of French
society."
Correspondence: B. Zarca, Institut National
d'Etudes Démographiques, 133 boulevard Davout, 75980 Paris Cedex
20, France. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
