Studies that treat quantitative fertility data analytically. References to crude data are coded under S. Official Statistical Publications. Methodological studies specifically concerned with fertility are cited in this division and cross-referenced to N. Methods of Research and Analysis Including Models, if necessary.
Analytical studies of quantitative birth data and reproduction rates and studies of fertility and its concomitants. Studies of age at marriage, divorce, and factors influencing family size are coded under G.1. Marriage and Divorce or G.2. Family and Household.
65:30198 Adjamagbo, Agnès; Delaunay,
Valérie. The crisis in the rural West African
environment: social implications and effect on fertility. Niakhar
(Senegal) and Sassandra (Ivory Coast) compared. [La crise en
milieu rural ouest-africain: implications sociales et
conséquences sur la fécondité. Niakhar
(Sénégal), Sassandra (Côte-d'Ivoire), deux exemples
contrastés.] Universités Francophones, Actualité
Scientifique, 1998. 339-55 pp. Editions ESTEM: Paris, France;
Université des Réseaux d'Expression Française
[UREF]: Paris, France; Association des Universités Partiellement
ou Entièrement de Langue Française [AUPELF]: Paris,
France. In Fre.
Changes in fertility and family planning practices
in two rural African societies affected by the recent African economic
crises are explored. In Niakhar, Senegal, the degradation of the
environment associated with lower rainfall levels has had a negative
effect on an economy largely dependent on the cultivation of the
peanut; this has led to a significant increase in seasonal migration.
In Sassandra, Ivory Coast, a largely plantation-based economy has been
badly hit by the decline in prices of primary products such as coffee
and cocoa. In both cases, the deteriorating economic conditions have
tended to decrease the wish to have large families in traditionally
pronatalist societies.
Correspondence: A. Adjamagbo,
Institut Français de Recherche Scientifique pour le
Développement en Coopération, Institut Santé
Développement, 15 rue de l'Ecole de Médicine, 75270 Paris
Cedex 10, France. Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
65:30199 Agyei-Mensah, Samuel.
Fertility decline in developing countries, 1960-1997: an annotated
bibliography. Bibliographies and Indexes in Geography, No. 3, ISBN
0-313-30242-1. LC 98-51612. 1999. xiii, 140 pp. Greenwood Press:
Westport, Connecticut. In Eng.
This is an annotated bibliography of
the fertility decline in developing countries based on sources such as
student dissertations, books, and research papers, as well as
references from papers published in the leading population journals.
The period covered is from 1960 to 1997. The bibliography is organized
geographically, and there are sections on concepts and theories of
fertility decline, the fertility decline in Latin America, in Asia, and
in Sub-Saharan Africa, and the general literature on the fertility
decline in developing countries as a whole. In each section, the
bibliography is organized alphabetically by author, and author and
subject indexes are provided for the bibliography as a
whole.
Correspondence: Greenwood Press, 88 Post Road West,
Box 5007, Westport, CT 06881. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
65:30200 Alcántara, Elsa; Ortiz, Jorge;
Carbajal, Luz. Fertility and infant mortality: three
methodological studies. [Fecundidad y mortalidad infantil: tres
ensayos metodológicos.] 1996. 239 pp. Universidad Peruana
Cayetano Heredia, Instituto de Estudios de Población: Lima,
Peru. In Spa.
This book contains three separate studies on aspects
of the demography of Peru. The studies are entitled: Infant mortality
in different ecological contexts: an application of the previous child
method; Reproductive behavior in relation to birth spacing, maternal
lactation, and contraception: a qualitative study in three ecological
areas in Peru; and Peruvian fertility: determinants and
changes.
Correspondence: Universidad Peruana Cayetano
Heredia, Apartado 5045, Lima 100, Peru. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
65:30201 Bachrach, Christine A.
Threads in the tapestry of life: understanding fertility in
context. In: Advances in population: psychosocial perspectives,
Volume 3, edited by Lawrence J. Severy and Warren Miller. 1999. 1-29
pp. Jessica Kingsley Publishers: Philadelphia, Pennsylvania/London,
England. In Eng.
The author first considers the demographic
approach to the study of fertility and points out that, although
demographers have had considerable success in measuring and describing
fertility, they have been less successful in explaining and predicting
trends in fertility. She then draws on a wide range of existing
research to develop some general ideas about how to attain a better
understanding of fertility based on a more interdisciplinary approach.
Topics covered include fertility patterns in industrialized countries;
biological factors and fertility; microeconomic models of fertility;
cultural-anthropological, sociological, and psychological approaches to
fertility research; and challenges for the
future.
Correspondence: C. A. Bachrach, U.S. National
Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Center for Population
Research, Demographic and Behavioral Sciences Branch, Bethesda, MD
20892. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:30202 Bélanger, Alain; Oikawa,
Cathy. Who has a third child? Canadian Social Trends,
No. 53, Summer 1999. 23-6 pp. Ottawa, Canada. In Eng.
"Researchers have long identified a number of factors that can
affect fertility. This study uses data from [Canada's] 1995 General
Social Survey (GSS) to assess the effect of these factors on the
likelihood that a woman with two children will have a third.... Women
who were young when they had their first child, and who had a second
child quickly afterwards, have the greatest chance of bearing a third
child. It is also true, however, that certain cultural and
socio-economic characteristics have a substantial effect on the
probability of a third birth."
Correspondence: A.
Bélanger, Statistics Canada, Demography Division, Main Building,
Room 1708, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0T6, Canada. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:30203 Bongaarts, John.
Fertility decline in the developed world: Where will it end?
American Economic Review, Vol. 89, No. 2, May 1999. 256-60 pp.
Nashville, Tennessee. In Eng.
"After a brief overview of
fertility trends in post-transitional societies, this paper will
present reasons why current low fertility is unlikely to decline much
further and may even rise somewhat in the future in a number of
countries. The first reason is that the total fertility rate (TFR) is a
hypothetical measure that can and often does give an inaccurate
indication of the actual rate of childbearing of women.... A second
reason for expecting fertility not to decline further is that couples
in most post-transitional societies plan to have about two
children."
Correspondence: J. Bongaarts, Population
Council, One Dag Hammarskjold Plaza, New York, NY 10017. Location:
Princeton University Library (PF).
65:30204 Bozon, Michel; Enoch,
Etheline. Brazil: a rapid demographic transition in a
heterogeneous country. [Brésil: la transition
démographique rapide d'un pays hétérogène.]
Population et Sociétés, No. 345, Apr 1999. 4 pp. Institut
National d'Etudes Démographiques [INED]: Paris, France. In Fre.
This is a summary history of the demographic transition that has
occurred in Brazil. The authors note that this transition took place
very rapidly, primarily in the three decades since the mid 1960s,
during which time the total fertility rate declined from 5.7 to 2.3.
The major demographic and socioeconomic differences that exist among
the various regions of the country are described. The primary method
used to achieve this fertility decline is identified as contraceptive
sterilization. The homogeneity of the fertility decline is surprising
in a country that is both so heterogeneous and experiencing high levels
of socioeconomic inequality, particularly in the absence of significant
government action in family planning.
Correspondence:
Institut National d'Etudes Démographiques, 133 boulevard
Davout, 75980 Paris Cedex 20, France. E-mail: ined@ined.fr.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:30205 Brizuela, Fulvia R.
Fertility in Paraguay: geography and social diversity,
1960-1990. [La fecundidad en Paraguay: geografía y
diversidad social, período 1960-1990.] LC 98-102542. Nov 1996.
143 pp. Dirección General de Estadística, Encuestas y
Censos: Asunción, Paraguay. In Spa.
This is an analysis of
current trends in fertility in Paraguay. The methodology used in the
study is first outlined. Next, fertility levels and trends are
analyzed, and the proximate determinants of fertility are identified.
Consideration is given to fertility differentials by geographic area
and by residential characteristics, and the socioeconomic and cultural
factors affecting fertility are examined. Results from a regression
analysis of fertility are then presented.
Correspondence:
Dirección General de Estadística, Encuestas y
Censos, Naciones Unidas y Zenteno, Zona Norte, Fernando de la Mora,
Paraguay. E-mail: dgec@sce.cnc.una.py. Location: U.S. Library
of Congress, Washington, D.C.
65:30206 Caldwell, John C.; Barkat-e-Khuda;
Caldwell, Bruce; Pieris, Indrani; Caldwell, Pat. The
Bangladesh fertility decline: an interpretation. Population and
Development Review, Vol. 25, No. 1, Mar 1999. 67-84, 205-8 pp. New
York, New York. In Eng. with sum. in Fre; Spa.
"The claim has
been made, notably in a 1994 World Bank report, that the Bangladesh
fertility decline shows that efficient national family planning
programs can achieve major fertility declines even in countries that
are very poor, and even if females have a low status and significant
socioeconomic change has not occurred. This article challenges this
claim on the grounds that Bangladesh did experience major social and
economic change, real and perceived, over the last two decades. This
proposition is supported by official data and by findings of the
authors' 1997 field study in rural southeast
Bangladesh."
Correspondence: J. C. Caldwell,
Australian National University, Department of Demography, G.P.O. Box 4,
Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
65:30207 Cervantes Carson, Alejandro.
Reproductive rights: toward the foundation of a cognitive
field. [Derechos reproductivos: hacia la fundación de un
campo cognoscitivo.] Papeles de Población, Vol. 4, No. 16,
Apr-Jun 1998. 45-62 pp. Toluca, Mexico. In Spa. with sum. in Eng.
"Reproductive rights has ceased to be merely a descriptive
statement as it has been transformed into a topic that legitimately
warrants examination. However, its development into a cognitive field
will depend on the dynamics generated by its social and political
relevance, as well as by its acceptance in academic communities and the
conceptual interventions of those who study it. Based on a
critical-historical reconstruction of the descriptive statement, and of
the dimensions and constitutive relationships implied in its
contemporary usage, this paper elaborates a conceptual map and an
analytic proposal, as a contribution to the foundation of the cognitive
field."
Correspondence: A. Cervantes Carson,
University of Texas, Austin, TX 78712-1088. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:30208 Darroch, Jacqueline E.; Landry, David
J.; Oslak, Selene. Pregnancy rates among U.S. women and
their partners in 1994. Family Planning Perspectives, Vol. 31, No.
3, May-Jun 1999. 122-6, 136 pp. New York, New York. In Eng.
"Data from the 1995 [U.S.] National Survey of Family Growth
and from the 1994-1995 Alan Guttmacher Institute Abortion Patient
Survey were combined with national natality statistics to estimate
pregnancy rates in 1994 for women and their male partners, by age and
marital status at the time of conception.... Nine percent of both men
and women aged 15-44 were involved in conceiving a pregnancy in 1994
(excluding those resulting in miscarriages). Pregnancy levels were
highest among women aged 20-24 and among male partners aged 25-29. Men
younger than 20 were involved in about half as many pregnancies as were
women this age (9% compared with 18%). In contrast, men aged 35 and
older were involved in roughly twice as many pregnancies as were
similarly aged women (19% compared with
9%)."
Correspondence: J. E. Darroch, Alan Guttmacher
Institute, 120 Wall Street, New York, NY 10005. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:30209 Dietz, Patricia M.; Adams, Melissa
M.; Spitz, Alison M.; Morris, Leo; Johnson, Christopher H.
Live births resulting from unintended pregnancies: an evaluation of
synthetic state-based estimates. Maternal and Child Health
Journal, Vol. 2, No. 3, Sep 1998. 189-94 pp. New York, New York. In
Eng.
"The purpose of this study was to assess whether data
from the [U.S.] National Survey of Family Growth (NSFG) can be
standardized to derive a state-specific synthetic estimate of the
percentage of live births resulting from unintended pregnancy. The
state of Georgia offered a unique opportunity for this evaluation
because Georgia conducted PRAMS [Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring
System] and a point-in-time reproductive health survey [the Georgia
Women's Health Survey (GWHS)] in the same time interval as the 1995
NSFG." Results indicate that "the synthetic estimate can be a
useful method for states that need to know the overall magnitude of the
percentage of live births resulting from unintended pregnancy for
purposes such as program planning."
Correspondence: A.
M. Spitz, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford
Highway NE, Atlanta, GA 30341-3714. E-mail: AMS2@CDC.gov. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:30210 Dietz, Patricia M.; Adams, Melissa
M.; Spitz, Alison M.; Morris, Leo; Johnson, Christopher H.
Live births resulting from unintended pregnancies: is there
variation among states? Family Planning Perspectives, Vol. 31, No.
3, May-Jun 1999. 132-6 pp. New York, New York. In Eng.
"Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (PRAMS) data were
assessed to explore the feasibility of extrapolating data on the
percentage of live births resulting from unintended pregnancies from
[eight U.S.] states that collect these data to states that do not....
Logistic regression was used to determine state variation in the odds
of delivering a live birth resulting from an unintended pregnancy after
adjustment for maternal race, marital status, age, education, previous
live birth and participation in the Special Supplemental Nutrition
Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC).... Although the
percentages varied, in all eight states women who were black, were
unmarried, were younger than 20 years of age, had less than 12 years of
education or had more than one child had higher percentages of live
births resulting from unintended pregnancy than women with other
demographic characteristics."
Correspondence: P. M.
Dietz, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of
Reproductive Health, 1600 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30333.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:30211 Friedman, Jay S.; McFarlane, Carmen
P.; Morris, Leo. Jamaica Reproductive Health Survey 1997.
Young adult report: sexual behavior and contraceptive use among young
adults. Apr 1999. viii, 21, [42] pp. National Family Planning
Board: Kingston, Jamaica. In Eng.
These are the results of the
Young Adult Report portion of the 1997 Jamaica Reproductive Health
Survey. "The data in this report cover young adult women and men
aged 15-24 years.... The main objective of the current report is to
present detailed information about the knowledge and behavior of young
adult women and men in Jamaica that goes beyond the main report.
Information that could contribute to an improved family life education
programme and information on current sexual activity of young adult
women and men, particularly with respect to the use of contraceptives
and commonly held beliefs about sexuality is also included." The
report contains separate sections on family life education and
knowledge of contraception and STDs; sexual experience and
contraceptive use; and childbearing.
Correspondence:
National Family Planning Board, 5 Sylvan Avenue, Kingston 5,
Jamaica. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:30212 Jain, S. K.; McDonald, P. F.
Fertility of Australian birth cohorts: components and
differentials. Journal of the Australian Population Association,
Vol. 14, No. 1, May 1997. 31-46 pp. Canberra, Australia. In Eng.
"The paper examines the change in the level and pattern of
fertility that took place in the post-1971 period, and the downward
completed fertility of successive generations of Australian women born
since 1933-37. The change in cohort fertility is assessed in terms of
the cohort parity progression ratios, and the four components of cohort
total fertility: the proportion of women who proceeded to have a birth,
mean age at first birth, mean age at last birth, and average interbirth
interval for women who had at least two births. The other aspects
discussed are the cohort fertility differentials and the implications
of the current trends for future fertility in
Australia."
Correspondence: S. K. Jain, Australian
National University, National Centre for Epidemiology and Population
Health, G.P.O. Box 4, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:30213 Jamaica. National Family Planning
Board (Kingston, Jamaica). Jamaica Reproductive Health
Survey 1997: summary chartbook of main findings. 1998. 24 pp.
Kingston, Jamaica. In Eng.
This is a summary of results from the
1997 Jamaica Reproductive Health Survey, which interviewed 6,384 women
aged 15-49 and 2,279 men aged 15-24. Charts and graphs present
information on recent fertility trends; contraceptive use, including
methods chosen, sources of methods, and use by region, age, and
education; fertility intentions; fertility and contraception among
young adults, including contraceptive use by young men; and use of
reproductive health services.
Correspondence: National
Family Planning Board, 5 Sylvan Avenue, Kingston 5, Jamaica.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:30214 Kamarás, Ferenc.
Fertility and family surveys in countries of the ECE region:
standard country report, Hungary. UN/ECE Economic Studies, No.
10j, Pub. Order No. E.99.II.E.6. ISBN 92-1-116708-6. 1999. 93 pp. UN
Economic Commission for Europe [ECE]: Geneva, Switzerland; United
Nations Population Fund [UNFPA]: New York, New York. In Eng.
This
is the tenth in the series Fertility and Family Surveys Standard
Country Reports. It concerns Hungary and was carried out in 1992-1993.
The report has substantive chapters on economic, social, and cultural
trends; population trends; and FFS findings. The chapter on population
trends has sections on fertility, nuptiality, mortality, and population
policies. The chapter on FFS findings has sections on household
composition, the parental home, partnerships, children, fertility
regulation, fertility preferences, values and beliefs, and female
education and occupation.
Correspondence: UN Economic
Commission for Europe, Palais des Nations, 1211 Geneva 10, Switzerland.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:30215 Katus, Kalev.
Post-transitional fertility: case of Estonia.
Rahvastiku-Uuringud/Population Studies Series B, No. 33, ISBN
9985-820-32-0. 1997. 25 pp. Estonian Interuniversity Population
Research Centre: Tallinn, Estonia. In Eng.
The author examines
posttransitional fertility in Estonia, and compares trends with those
in other European countries. Sections are included on the stability of
post-transitional fertility; fertility in the context of pregnancy
outcomes; and the pattern of births being concentrated in a shorter
range of the individual life span.
Correspondence: Estonian
Interuniversity Population Research Centre, P.O. Box 3012, Tallinn
10504, Estonia. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:30216 Khan, Mokbul A. Trade
dependence and fertility in Hispanic America, 1950-1990.
Sociological Forum, Vol. 14, No. 1, Mar 1999. 137-54 pp. New York, New
York. In Eng.
"This paper focuses on the development-fertility
relationship within the context of trade dependence based on a new data
set for Hispanic America, 1950-1990 period. The purposes of this
investigation are: (1) to test the generalizability of Hout's (1980)
findings to situations prevalent in Hispanic America during the period
1950-1990; and (2) to reveal more clearly the substantive theoretical
implications of the world-system statuses and their effects on the
development-fertility relationship for Hispanic America,
1950-1990."
Correspondence: M. A. Khan, University of
Arizona, Environment Behavior and Risk Research Laboratory, Arizona
Prevention Center, 1834 East Mabel Street, P.O. Box 245163, Tucson, AZ
85724. Location: Princeton University Library (PR).
65:30217 Kouton, Etienne F.
Crisis, the family, youth, and changing social justifications for
high fertility in Benin. [Crise, famille, jeunesse et
altération des justifications sociales d'une forte
fécondité au Bénin.] Universités
Francophones, Actualité Scientifique, 1998. 357-76 pp. Editions
ESTEM: Paris, France; Université des Réseaux d'Expression
Française [UREF]: Paris, France; Association des
Universités Partiellement ou Entièrement de Langue
Française [AUPELF]: Paris, France. In Fre.
Changing
attitudes toward fertility and family size in Benin are examined using
data from a number of sources, including a 1989 study on fertility and
marriage. The focus is on the differences between the attitudes of
young people, including those with young children, and those of their
parents. The author concludes that, although levels of desired
fertility are still considerably above replacement level, young people
today wish to have fewer children than their parents did. This change
is probably due to a combination of the infiltration of modern ideas,
such as a greater emphasis on individualism, and the economic pressures
associated with the continuing African crisis.
Correspondence:
E. F. Kouton, Université Catholique de Louvain, Institut de
Démographie, 1 place Montesquieu, B.P. 17, 1348
Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
65:30218 Larson, Ann. New
directions for the study of Australia's fertility decline. Journal
of the Australian Population Association, Vol. 14, No. 1, May 1997.
47-67 pp. Canberra, Australia. In Eng.
"Most studies of
Australia's historical fertility decline have emphasized the
similarities of the pace and composition of the decline with those of
the United Kingdom, continental European countries, and other colonies
settled by the British. Recent scholarship has questioned the
usefulness of focusing on aggregate data that give misleading
impressions of homogeneity. Preferred methodological approaches take a
holistic view to the determinants of fertility change within a local
context. The scope for analogous studies in Australia is considered,
through a review of potential source materials and research
questions."
Correspondence: A. Larson, Royal Brisbane
Hospital, Australian Centre for International and Tropical Health and
Nutrition, Indigenous Health Program, Edith Cavell Building, Herston
Road, Queensland 4029, Australia. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
65:30219 Mulder, Monique B. The
demographic transition: are we any closer to an evolutionary
explanation? Trends in Ecology and Evolution, Vol. 13, No. 7, Jul
1998. 266-70 pp. Oxford, England. In Eng.
"The fact that
people in an increasing number of societies worldwide voluntarily
reproduce at lower levels than would apparently maximize their lifetime
reproduction poses a major challenge to evolutionary
anthropologists.... Behavioural ecologists are puzzled by...the
emerging negative correlations between wealth and reproduction, when
evidence that the wealthy outreproduce the poor is so prevalent in
predemographic transition populations. Consequently, a range of
hypotheses are now being explored to explain why parents with access to
plentiful resources choose low fertility
rates...."
Correspondence: M. B. Mulder, University of
California, Department of Anthropology, Davis, CA 95616. E-mail:
mborgerhoffmulder@ucdavis.edu. Location: U.S. Library of
Congress, Washington, D.C.
65:30220 Nath, Dilip C.; Leonetti, Donna L.;
Steele, Matthew S. Analysis of birth intervals in a
non-contracepting Indian population: an evolutionary ecological
approach. Seattle Population Research Center Working Paper, No.
99-3, Jan 1999. 23 pp. University of Washington, Seattle Population
Research Center: Seattle, Washington. In Eng.
"This paper
examines data on birth spacing in a scheduled caste, Bengali speaking,
non-contracepting population of Karimganj district of southern Assam,
India, in view of an evolutionary ecological perspective. It is found
that on average a birth interval closed by boy-boy is the longest and
that by girl-girl is the shortest. Birth spacing is likely to be longer
among upper-income, and Craftsman mothers."
Correspondence:
University of Washington, Seattle Population Research Center, Box
353340, Seattle, WA 98195-3100. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
65:30221 Peña, Rodolfo; Liljestrand,
Jerker; Zelaya, Elmer; Persson, Lars-Åke. Fertility
and infant mortality trends in Nicaragua 1964-1993. The role of women's
education. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, Vol. 53,
No. 3, Mar 1999. 132-7 pp. London, England. In Eng.
The authors aim
"to assess trends in fertility and infant mortality rates (IMR) in
León, Nicaragua, and to examine the effect of women's education
on these trends during 1964-1993, a period of rapid social change....
In this demographic transition over three decades, fertility and IMR
declined simultaneously. The decreasing trend in fertility was mainly
explained by an increase in women's education, while the IMR decline
seemed to be the result of health interventions, specially targeted to
poorer groups of women and their infants. Thus, social differences in
fertility rates remained unchanged, while equity in chances of child
survival increased."
Correspondence: R. Peña,
Umeå University, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health,
901 85 Umeå, Sweden. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
65:30222 Population Council (New York, New
York); African Population Policy Research Center (Nairobi,
Kenya). Fertility decline in Kenya: levels, trends and
differentials. 1998. xiv, 91 pp. New York, New York; Nairobi,
Kenya. In Eng.
"The main objective of [this work] was to
ascertain the levels, trends and differentials in fertility in Kenya
within the context of on-going fertility transition....The results are
based on the analyses of data collected in four national demographic
and health surveys carried out between 1978 and 1993 and population
censuses of 1962, 1969, 1979, and 1989. The analyses have been informed
by various theories of fertility transition, and have been guided by a
conceptual framework which takes into account the role of proximate
determinants, demand for contraception, demand for children, individual
and community level factors, socio-economic policies and programs, and
the family planning program...."
Correspondence:
Population Council, One Dag Hammarskjold Plaza, New York, NY
10017. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:30223 Poston, Dudley L. Social
and economic development and the fertility transitions in Mainland
China and Taiwan. Texas Population Research Center Paper, No.
98-99-05, 1998-1999. 26, [8] pp. University of Texas, Texas Population
Research Center: Austin, Texas. In Eng.
"In this paper, we
examine how social and economic development factors in Taiwan and
Mainland China have operated independently and together to influence
fertility change. We address this issue cross-sectionally using
sub-regional data for a few points in time.... We use data for the
provinces and for the counties of China for 1982, 1990, and 1995; and
for the counties and cities of Taiwan for 1980, 1990 and
1995."
Correspondence: D. L. Poston, Texas A&M
University, College Station, TX 78743. E-mail: dudley@tamvm1.tamu.edu.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:30224 Ravindran, T. K. Sundari.
Female autonomy in Tamil Nadu: unravelling the complexities.
Economic and Political Weekly, Vol. 34, No. 16-17, Apr 17-23, 1999.
34-44 pp. Mumbai, India. In Eng.
"Commentators on Tamil Nadu's
rapid fertility decline during the eighties often cite female autonomy
and `agency' as important contributing factors. This paper examines the
extent of female autonomy Tamil women enjoy in their personal lives and
within their households and the gender power dynamics between married
couples, on the basis of a study in five districts of the [Indian]
state."
Location: Princeton University Library (PF).
65:30225 Rodgers, Joseph L.; Parnell,
Allan. Seasonal patterns in adolescent reproductive
behaviors. In: Advances in population: psychosocial perspectives,
Volume 3, edited by Lawrence J. Severy and Warren Miller. 1999. 281-303
pp. Jessica Kingsley Publishers: Philadelphia, Pennsylvania/London,
England. In Eng.
"In this chapter we focus on seasonality
patterns underlying adolescent reproductive behavior [in the United
States], including conception, fetal death, induced abortions and
birth. The chapter offers several unique contributions to the
seasonality literature. First, the dataset we use--a population-based
data source from North Carolina--provides broader inference and
explicit links between the several reproductive behaviors. Second, we
develop a measurement approach that theoretically links conception
patterns to three possible resolutions: fetal death, induced abortion
and live birth. Third, we focus on adolescents, a sub-group of
particular interest and value in the study of reproductive
seasonality." The results indicate strong seasonal links in
patterns of conception, resulting in seasonal abortion and birth
patterns as well. In general, adolescent seasonality patterns are
similar to those of adults.
Correspondence: J. L. Rodgers,
University of Oklahoma, Department of Psychology, Norman, OK 73019.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:30226 Saraiya, Mona; Berg, Cynthia J.;
Shulman, Holly; Green, Clarice A.; Atrash, Hani K.
Estimates of the annual number of clinically recognized pregnancies
in the United States, 1981-1991. American Journal of Epidemiology,
Vol. 149, No. 11, Jun 1, 1999. 1,025-9 pp. Baltimore, Maryland. In Eng.
"The authors estimated the number of clinically recognized
pregnancies that occurred annually from 1981 to 1991 in the United
States by type of outcome and by race.... More than 67 million
pregnancies occurred during the study period. Overall, 62.5% of these
pregnancies resulted in livebirths, 21.9% in legal induced abortions,
13.8% in spontaneous abortions, 1.3% in ectopic pregnancies, and 0.5%
in fetal deaths."
Correspondence: M. Saraiya, Centers
for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Chronic Disease
Prevention and Health Promotion, Division of Cancer Prevention and
Control, 4770 Buford Highway NE, Mailstop K-55, Atlanta, GA 30341.
Location: Princeton University Library (SZ).
65:30227 Sardon, Jean-Paul.
Fertility, political disruption and transition to a market economy
in Eastern Europe. [Fécondité, bouleversements
politiques et transition vers l'économie de marché en
Europe de l'Est.] Espace, Populations, Sociétés, No. 3,
1998. 339-60 pp. Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex, France. In Fre. with sum. in
Eng.
"The collapse of [the] socialist regime and the
transition to market economy, in the so called Eastern countries, are
reflected, almost everywhere, in a rapid decrease of total fertility
rates, even if, in some countries, such as former Czechoslovakia,
indices very temporarily increase.... Deep reasons [for] this
decreasing fertility, especially at high fertility ages and for first
birth-order, are not well known.... In these countries, people are
confronted not only with an adaptation crisis to the new rules of
society, but with a real cultural revolution: the eastern family
pattern comes into conflict with new economic
requirements."
Correspondence: J.-P. Sardon,
Observatoire Démographique Européen, 2 bis rue du
Prieuré, 78107 Saint-Germain-en-Laye, France. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:30228 Schmertmann, Carl P.
Fertility estimation from open birth interval data. Texas
Population Research Center Paper, No. 98-99-03, 1998-1999. 42 pp.
University of Texas, Texas Population Research Center: Austin, Texas.
In Eng.
"Censuses and surveys frequently collect information
on current fertility by asking women about the timing of their last
birth. The standard approach to such open-interval data converts this
information into a binary variable approximating births in the previous
year. This paper proposes a more efficient, maximum likelihood method
for estimating fertility from open-interval data. It includes a
mathematical derivation of the new method, sensitivity analyses, and
empirical tests with Bazilian census data."
Correspondence:
C. P. Schmertmann, University of Texas, Population Research
Center, Austin, TX 78712. E-mail: schmert@prc.utexas.edu. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:30229 Schoumaker, Bruno.
Poverty and fertility: a review of the literature of the past 25
years. [Pauvreté et fécondité: un
aperçu de la littérature des 25 dernières
années.] Universités Francophones, Actualité
Scientifique, 1998. 99-116 pp. Editions ESTEM: Paris, France;
Université des Réseaux d'Expression Française
[UREF]: Paris, France; Association des Universités Partiellement
ou Entièrement de Langue Française [AUPELF]: Paris,
France. In Fre.
This article reviews the literature of the past 25
years on the relationship between poverty and fertility in developing
countries. The author notes that many studies are based on the
assumption that poor people want to have many children for the economic
benefits they expect to receive, particularly in the form of support in
old age. However, the literature does not provide evidence of any
relationship between levels of poverty and achieved fertility. In fact,
fertility levels vary widely among populations experiencing poverty in
different countries. The author notes that there are examples of
fertility decline even among populations experiencing extreme levels of
poverty.
Correspondence: B. Schoumaker, Université
Catholique de Louvain, Institut de Démographie, 1 place
Montesquieu, B.P. 17, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium. E-mail:
bruno@sas.rice.ucl.ac.be. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
65:30230 Schoumaker, Bruno; Tabutin,
Dominique. The relationship between poverty and fertility
in developing countries: facts, methodologies, and examples.
[Relations entre pauvreté et fécondité dans les
pays du Sud: connaissances, méthodologie et illustration.] SPED
Document de Travail, No. 2, Feb 1999. 32, [5] pp. Université
Catholique de Louvain, Département des Sciences de la Population
et du Développement: Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium. In Fre.
This
study examines the relationship between poverty and fertility at the
micro level. It focuses on the relationship between the standard of
living at the household level and the fertility of the women in the
household. The geographical focus is on developing countries. The
authors review the literature that has developed over the past 40 years
on this relationship. They also discuss some methodological problems
related to the collection of data on both poverty and fertility, and
show that the relationship varies according to residential
characteristics and level of education. Some illustrations are provided
using data from South Africa and Morocco.
Correspondence:
Université Catholique de Louvain, Institut de
Démographie, Département des Sciences de la Population et
du Développement, 1 place Montesquieu, B.P. 17, 1348
Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
65:30231 Singh, J. P. Peopling of
Bihar: problems and prospects. Demography India, Vol. 27, No. 2,
Jul-Dec 1998. 353-67 pp. Delhi, India. In Eng.
"The total
fertility rate [TFR] of Bihar [India]...is not only high in itself but
also higher than the national average.... Policy makers and population
analysts are curious to know...why the TFR still continues to be higher
in Bihar than most parts of the country. The present paper has tried to
answer the...question...based on data derived from secondary sources
and personal interviews of the concerned state government
officials."
Correspondence: J. P. Singh, Patna
University, Department of Sociology, Patna, Bihar 800 005, India.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:30232 Singh, K. K.; Yadava, R. C.; Singh,
Uttam; Kumar, Anil. Testing the suitability of Bongaarts'
model in the context of fertility performance in a rural area of
Eastern Uttar Pradesh. Demography India, Vol. 27, No. 2, Jul-Dec
1998. 337-51 pp. Delhi, India. In Eng.
"In the present
analysis, Bongaarts' proximate determinants model is applied to
quantify the fertility inhibiting effects of the four important
proximate determinants--induced abortion, lactational infecundability,
marriage and contraception on fertility. It also examines how well the
four principal proximate determinants predict the fertility level....
We have applied the model to the data obtained at two different points
of time during the last decade i.e. during the period 1978 to 1987 [in
rural eastern Uttar Pradesh, India]."
Correspondence:
K. K. Singh, Banaras Hindu University, Centre for Population
Studies, Varanasi 221 005, India. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
65:30233 Sivertseva, Tamara F.
Eastern regions: fertility models. [Strany Vostoka: model'
rozhdaemosti.] LC 97-194683. 1997. 103 pp. Rossiiskaya Akademiya Nauk,
Trudy Instituta Vostokovedenniya: Moscow, Russia. In Rus. with sum. in
Eng.
This is an analysis of family characteristics and their
relationship to fertility in the Muslim countries that were formerly
part of the Soviet Union. The analysis is based on the life cycle
approach, which the author notes is founded in the work of E. Erickson.
Two distinct family patterns are identified, the traditional and the
modern. The factors that are conducive to high levels of fertility in
this culture are noted. The author suggests that, even as the process
of modernization takes place, Muslim families in this region are likely
to maintain some characteristics that distinguish them from the
standard Western nuclear family, such as wider family
networks.
Correspondence: Akademiya Nauk SSSR, Institut po
Sotsiologiya, Moscow, Russia. Location: U.S. Library of
Congress, Washington, D.C.
65:30234 Udjo, Eric O. Trends in
level and tempo of fertility in Botswana. Genus, Vol. 54, No. 3-4,
Jul-Dec 1998. 285-301 pp. Rome, Italy. In Eng. with sum. in Ita; Fre.
"The notion of a sharp decline in fertility in Botswana is
controversial. The results from the analysis of three sets of data
suggest that the apparent decline...is exaggerated due to (l) an
overestimated total fertility rate of 7.1 in 1981; compared with, (2)
underestimated total fertility rates of 5.0 and 4.2 in 1988 and 1991
respectively. Adjusted levels of fertility using the Relational
Gompertz model showed that a modest decline in fertility in Botswana
began after the late 1980's. Changing marriage patterns in Botswana are
probably contributory to the modest decline in fertility in the late
1980's."
Correspondence: E. O. Udjo, Statistics South
Africa, Systematic Demographic Analysis, Directorate of Analysis,
Private Bag X44, 0001 Pretoria, South Africa. E-mail:
ericu@statssa.pwv.gov.za. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
65:30235 United Nations. Economic and Social
Commission for Asia and the Pacific [ESCAP] (Bangkok,
Thailand). Levels and trends of fertility and their
determinants for small geographic areas in the ESCAP region. Asian
Population Studies Series, No. 146, Pub. Order No. ST/ESCAP/1857. 1997.
164 pp. Bangkok, Thailand. In Eng.
This report is the product of an
ESCAP project on the dynamics of fertility change in nine Asian
countries in the period 1993-1996. The countries are Bangladesh, China,
India, Iran, Nepal, Pakistan, the Philippines, Thailand, and Viet Nam.
The main focus is on the analysis of fertility levels and trends by
small geographic area in relation to the changing socioeconomic
conditions. The analysis uses both cross-classification and bivariate
and multivariate analysis. The report highlights the major findings of
the country reports prepared during the project and presents an
overview of the regional synthesis, conclusions, and policy
implications of the findings of the national
reports.
Correspondence: UN Economic and Social Commission
for Asia and the Pacific, United Nations Building, Rajdamnern Nok
Avenue, Bangkok 10200, Thailand. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
65:30236 Ventura, Stephanie J.; Martin, Joyce
A.; Curtin, Sally C.; Mathews, T. J. Births: final data
for 1997. NCHS National Vital Statistics Reports, Vol. 47, No. 18,
Apr 29, 1999. 96 pp. U.S. National Center for Health Statistics [NCHS]:
Hyattsville, Maryland. In Eng.
"This report presents 1997 data
on U.S. births according to a wide variety of characteristics. Data are
presented for maternal demographic characteristics including age,
live-birth order, race, Hispanic origin, marital status, and
educational attainment; maternal lifestyle and health
characteristics...; medical care utilization by pregnant women...; and
infant health characteristics.... Also presented are birth and
fertility rates by age, live-birth order, race, Hispanic origin, and
marital status. Selected data by mother's State of residence are shown
including teenage birth rates and total fertility rates, as well as
data on month and day of birth, sex ratio, and age of father. Trends in
fertility patterns and maternal and infant characteristics are
described and interpreted."
Correspondence: U.S.
National Center for Health Statistics, 6525 Belcrest Road, Hyattsville,
MD 20782-2003. E-mail: nchsquery@cdc.gov. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
65:30237 Vikat, Andres; Thomson, Elizabeth;
Hoem, Jan M. Stepfamily fertility in contemporary Sweden:
the impact of childbearing before the current union. Population
Studies, Vol. 53, No. 2, Jul 1999. 211-25 pp. London, England. In Eng.
"We focus on the fertility of Swedish men and women who lived
in a consensual or marital union in the 1970s and 1980s, and where at
least one of the partners had children before they entered that union.
Couples without any children before the current union were included for
contrast. We find clear evidence that couples wanted a shared
biological child, essentially regardless of how many children (if any)
they had before their current union. The shared child seems to have
served to demonstrate commitment to the union, as did its conversion
into a formal marriage. We have not found much support for the
hypothesis that our respondents sought to enter parenthood to attain
adult status."
Correspondence: A. Vikat, University of
Tampere, Tampere School of Public Health, PL 607, Kalevantie 4, 33101
Tampere, Finland. Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
65:30238 Yapa, Lakshman; Siddhisena,
Padmasiri. Locational specificities of fertility
transition in Sri Lanka. GeoJournal, Vol. 45, No. 3, 1998. 177-88
pp. Dordrecht, Netherlands. In Eng.
"Sri Lanka has one of the
lowest fertility rates among poor countries of the world. The fertility
decline which began in the 1950s has held steady during the last four
decades, despite low levels of economic development. Widespread use of
contraception is the primary cause of the fertility decline. However,
there is no one single homogenous body of people that can be
characterized as a `modern' contracepting population through which new
methods of family planning have spatially diffused. There is evidence
that the overall fertility decline began even before the establishment
of the modern family planning program in Sri Lanka. [This] analysis
showed four broad regional regimes of fertility transition with
considerable social and place-to-place differences in method-specific
rates of contraception among them." Data are primarily from the
1987 Sri Lanka Demographic and Health Survey.
Correspondence:
L. Yapa, Pennsylvania State University, Department of Geography,
University Park, PA 16801. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
65:30239 Zvidrins, Peteris.
Under-replacement fertility since the 1920s. Case of Latvia.
Latvijas Zinãtnu Akademijas Vestis. A, Vol. 52, No. 594-595,
1998. 121-7 pp. Riga, Latvia. In Eng.
"The level of fertility
rate and natural population growth in Latvia are currently the lowest
in its history and are among the lowest in the world.... Latvia since
1991 has a negative balance between births and deaths, and the excess
of deaths over births has sharply increased.... This paper seeks to
contribute the study of the dynamics of fertility, its demographic
determinants and some aspects of reproductive
preferences."
Correspondence: P. Zvidrins, University
of Latvia, Rainis Boulevard 19, Riga 1586, Latvia. E-mail:
zvidrins@lanet.lv. Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
Studies on differences in fertility patterns and levels in subgroups of a population. Also included are studies on age-specific fertility, such as teenage pregnancy.
65:30240 Abbasi-Shavazi, Mohammad J.
An assessment of the own-children method of estimating fertility by
birthplace in Australia. Journal of the Australian Population
Association, Vol. 14, No. 2, Nov 1997. 167-85 pp. Canberra, Australia.
In Eng.
"This paper examines the validity of the own-children
method of fertility estimates derived from the 1991 Census by a
detailed investigation of mortality assumptions, the presence of
non-own children, age misreporting and undercount. A comparison of
fertility measures derived alternatively from the census using the
own-children method and from vital statistics for the period 1987-91
indicates remarkably similar rates for Australia-born women, and
plausible results for long established migrant groups. The own-children
fertility levels for some recently arrived migrant groups, however,
were found to be misleading. It is suggested that the own-children
method is useful for the study of differential current fertility in
Australia."
Correspondence: M. J. Abbasi-Shavazi,
Australian National University, Research School of Social Sciences,
Demography Program, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:30241 Akoto, Eliwo M.; Kamdem,
Hélène. Reproductive behavior in light of
the crisis and living environment in Africa. [Comportement
procréateur face à la crise et milieu d'habitat en
Afrique.] Universités Francophones, Actualité
Scientifique, 1998. 317-37 pp. Editions ESTEM: Paris, France;
Université des Réseaux d'Expression Française
[UREF]: Paris, France; Association des Universités Partiellement
ou Entièrement de Langue Française [AUPELF]: Paris,
France. In Fre.
The extent to which the economic crisis affecting
Africa since the 1970s has had a differential effect on fertility in
rural and urban areas is analyzed, with particular attention to the
situation in Cameroon. The authors use data from a variety of published
sources, including Demographic and Health Surveys. The results suggest
that female education has the most significant effect on fertility;
because levels of female education differ widely between urban and
rural areas, this leads to fertility differentials by area of
residence. African societies, particularly in rural areas, remain
predominantly in favor of high fertility. Economic pressures to lower
fertility are mitigated by the continuing practice of sending children
from large rural families to live in the city. The authors suggest that
continuing economic problems affecting the cities may reduce the
ability of urban families to raise rural children, and this may
eventually help reduce levels of rural
fertility.
Correspondence: E. M. Akoto, Institut de
Formation et de Recherche Démographiques, B.P. 1556,
Yaoundé, Cameroon. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
65:30242 Bachrach, Christine A.; Ventura,
Stephanie J.; Newcomer, Susan F.; Mosher, William D. Why
have births among unmarried teens increased? Sexuality and
American Social Policy, No. 7, 1997. xvii, 48 pp. Henry J. Kaiser
Family Foundation: Menlo Park, California. In Eng.
This is an
analysis of the causes of the steady increase during recent years in
nonmarital births to teenagers in the United States. It was prepared as
a background paper for a seminar organized by the Kaiser Foundation.
The report also includes data from a foundation survey on teen
sexuality and pregnancy.
Correspondence: Henry J. Kaiser
Family Foundation, 2400 Sand Hill Road, Suite 100, Menlo Park, CA
94025-6944. Location: Brown University, Demography Library,
Providence, RI.
65:30243 Bean, Frank D.; Swicegood, C. Gray;
Berg, Ruth. Mexican-origin fertility: new patterns and
interpretations. Texas Population Research Center Paper, No.
98-99-04, 1998-1999. 23 pp. University of Texas, Texas Population
Research Center: Austin, Texas. In Eng.
The author uses data from
the 1986 and 1988 U.S. Current Population Surveys "to examine how
fertility levels of Mexican-origin women vary across generational
status and how these levels compare with those of the majority
(non-Hispanic) white population.... On balance, the results show a
picture of fertility behavior among Mexican-origin women that is only
partially consistent with the operation of assimilation
processes."
Correspondence: F. D. Bean, University of
Texas, Population Research Center, 1800 Main Building, Austin, TX
78701-1088. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:30244 Cáceres Ureña,
Francisco I. The increase in adolescent childbearing in
the Dominican Republic, 1991-1996. [El incremento de la maternidad
adolescente en la República Dominicana, 1991-1996.] 1998. 116
pp. Asociación Dominicana Pro Bienestar de la Familia, Instituto
de Estudios de Población y Desarrollo: Santo Domingo, Dominican
Republic. In Spa.
The reasons for the increase in adolescent
childbearing that occurred in the Dominican Republic in the first half
of the 1990s are examined. Data are from the demographic and health
surveys undertaken in the country in 1991 and 1996. The first chapter
looks at the risks of pregnancy among adolescents. The second chapter
analyzes both the proximate biological and psychological determinants
of adolescent fertility and the intermediate socioeconomic and
family-related determinants, as well as geographic factors. Other
chapters describe the analytical approach used in the study, trends and
differentials in adolescent childbearing, recent changes in the
characteristics of the adolescent female population, and changes in the
determinants of adolescent childbearing over
time.
Correspondence: Asociación Dominicana Pro
Bienestar de la Familia, Instituto de Estudios de Población y
Desarrollo, Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:30245 Gregson, Simon; Zhuwau, Tom;
Anderson, Roy M.; Chandiwana, Stephen K. Apostles and
Zionists: the influence of religion on demographic change in rural
Zimbabwe. Population Studies, Vol. 53, No. 2, Jul 1999. 179-93 pp.
London, England. In Eng.
"Religion has acted as a brake on
demographic transition in a number of historical and contemporary
populations. In a study in two rural areas of Zimbabwe, we found
substantial differences in recent demographic trends between Mission
and Independent or `Spirit-type' churches.... Missiological and
ethnographic data indicate that differences in religious teaching on
healthcare-seeking and sexual behaviour and differences in church
regulation could explain this contrast in demographic patterns. More
restrictive norms on alcohol consumption and extra-marital
relationships in Spirit-type churches may limit the spread of HIV and
thereby reduce its impact on mortality."
Correspondence:
S. Gregson, University of Oxford, Wellcome Trust Centre for the
Epidemiology of Infectious Disease, South Parks Road, Oxford 0X1 3PS,
England. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:30246 Knodel, John; Gray, Rossarin S.;
Sriwatcharin, Porntip; Peracca, Sara. Religion and
reproduction: Muslims in Buddhist Thailand. Population Studies,
Vol. 53, No. 2, Jul 1999. 149-64 pp. London, England. In Eng.
"This study examines the contrast between Muslim reproductive
attitudes and behaviour in Thailand and those of Buddhists, especially
in the southern region.... We interpret Muslim reproductive patterns
from the perspectives of the major hypotheses that have been invoked in
the social demographic literature to explain links between religion and
fertility. These hypotheses partly explain what appears to be a complex
and context-specific relationship. Nevertheless, the linkages between
religion, ethnic and cultural identity, and political setting that
appear to operate are more complex than can be fully explained by even
a combination of the existing hypotheses."
Correspondence:
J. Knodel, University of Michigan, Population Studies Center, 426
Thompson Street, P.O. Box 1248, Ann Arbor, MI 48106-1248. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:30247 Kremer, Michael; Chen,
Daniel. Income-distribution dynamics with endogenous
fertility. American Economic Review, Vol. 89, No. 2, May 1999.
155-9 pp. Nashville, Tennessee. In Eng.
"There is some
evidence that the fertility differential between educated and
uneducated women is greater in [developing] countries with more income
inequality. Using data from 62 countries (88 country-years) on total
fertility rates by women's educational attainment, we calculated
fertility differentials in each country-year as the ordinary least
squares (OLS) coefficient from regressing fertility on years of
education.... This paper examines the implications of combining the
following three assumptions: (i) higher wages reduce fertility; (ii)
children of the unskilled are more likely to be unskilled; and (iii)
skilled and unskilled workers are complements in
production."
Correspondence: M. Kremer, Massachusetts
Institute of Technology, Department of Economics, 50 Memorial Drive,
E52-251C, Cambridge, MA 02142. Location: Princeton University
Library (PF).
65:30248 Mookherjee, Harsha N.
Fertility patterns of migrant and non-migrant populations in Papua
New Guinea. Population Review, Vol. 41, No. 1-2, Jan-Dec 1997.
36-42 pp. La Jolla, California. In Eng.
"This study intends to
ascertain whether the fertility pattern of migrant population found in
earlier studies is also present for urban areas in Papua New Guinea....
The results indicated that the relationship between migration and
fertility was more complex than has sometimes been assumed.... Duration
of marriage, city of residence, husband's age, and woman's occupation
were found to be significant variables in explaining the number of
children born to a woman in this sample. An explanation of the
relationships of migration to fertility was elaborated in this study
with reference to the economic and social developments of the
country."
Correspondence: H. N. Mookherjee, Tennessee
Technological University, Department of Sociology, Cookeville, TN
38505. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:30249 Mukherjee, D. P.; Guha, Pritilata;
Das, Bidhan K.; Guha, Abhijit. Family formation among
Muslims in a Calcutta slum. Journal of Family Welfare, Vol. 44,
No. 4, Dec 1998. 36-44 pp. Mumbai, India. In Eng.
"The present
study is an attempt to find out the way in which families are formed
and enlarged with the help of demographic data on some aspects of
fertility. The [effects] of various cultural determinants on fertility
behaviour, the age at marriage, type of marriage, and postpartum
abstinence associated with child birth have also been taken into
consideration.... The major objective was to give a quantitative
account of intracommunity variations in family formation with the help
of demographic data among a group of Muslim slum dwellers of Calcutta
[India]."
Correspondence: D. P. Mukherjee, Vidyasagar
University, Department of Anthropology, Midnapore 721 102, West Bengal,
India. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:30250 Paine-Andrews, Adrienne; Harris, Kari
J.; Fisher, Jacqueline L.; Lewis, Rhonda K.; Williams, Ella L.;
Fawcett, Stephen B.; Vincent, Murray L. Effects of a
replication of a multicomponent model for preventing adolescent
pregnancy in three Kansas communities. Family Planning
Perspectives, Vol. 31, No. 4, Jul-Aug 1999. 182-9 pp. New York, New
York. In Eng.
"A pretest-posttest comparison group design was
used to analyze the effects of a comprehensive multicomponent school
and community intervention on estimated pregnancy rates and birthrates
among young people in three Kansas communities.... We detected slight
(though often not statistically significant) decreases in estimated
pregnancy rates and birthrates, there were some positive changes in
reported behavior, and rates of community and systems change were
strong and steady. Further, community satisfaction with project
functioning was high, and changes facilitated by each project were
considered important.... Overall, the projects were well received in
their respective communities."
Correspondence: A.
Paine-Andrews, University of Kansas, Work Group on Health Promotion and
Community Development, Lawrence, KS 66045. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
65:30251 Saul, Rebekah. Teen
pregnancy: progress meets politics. Guttmacher Report on Public
Policy, Vol. 2, No. 3, Jun 1999. 6-9 pp. Washington, D.C. In Eng.
In the United States, "teenage pregnancy rates fell again
between 1995 and 1996, continuing the trend that has brought rates down
to their lowest level in more than two decades. New information on
factors driving the declines--improved contraceptive use and, to a much
lesser extent, reductions in teenage sexual activity--sheds much-needed
light on the public policy debate over how to sustain the
declines."
Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
65:30252 Tesfaghiorghis, Habtemariam.
Is aboriginal fertility on the decline? Journal of the
Australian Population Association, Vol. 13, No. 2, Nov 1996. 153-67 pp.
Canberra, Australia. In Eng.
"This paper [attempts to
determine] if there has been sustained Aboriginal fertility decline
since the mid-1980s...by analysing fertility information obtained from
the 1994 National Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Survey, birth
registrations and midwives' collections data by states.... This study
has produced more reliable age patterns of fertility at the national
and state levels. The paper also examines the definition of
Aboriginality and associated measurement problems, which are central to
an understanding of Aboriginal demography."
Correspondence:
H. Tesfaghiorghis, Australian National University, Graduate
Studies in Demography, G.P.O. Box 4, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:30253 Thailand. National Statistical Office
(Bangkok, Thailand). Religion and reproduction in Southern
Thailand. ISBN 974-236-906-2. 1998. [vii], 48 pp. Bangkok,
Thailand. In Tha. with sum. in Eng.
This is an analysis of
fertility trends among the minority Muslim population living in
southern Thailand. "This study examines the contrast between
Muslim reproductive attitudes, knowledge and behaviour and those of
Buddhists in the South. The study is based on the Survey of Knowledge,
Attitude and Family Planning Practice in the Southern Region of
Thailand which was carried out by the National Statistical Office in
1994. The sample of this survey was designed to cover women aged 15-49
in all provinces in the South. It is the largest survey of its kind
conducted in Thailand that permits comparisons between substantial
number of Buddhist and Muslim women in terms of culture, ethnicity and
socioeconomic characteristics. The study is also supplemented by the
information from focus group discussions among Muslims in Yala, Satun,
Narathiwat and Pattani, carried out by the National Statistical Office
in 1996."
Correspondence: National Statistical Office,
Statistical Data Bank and Information Dissemination Division, Larn
Luang Road, Bangkok 10100, Thailand. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
65:30254 Weeks, John R.; Rumbaut, Rubén
G.; Ojeda, Norma. Reproductive outcomes among Mexico-born
women in San Diego and Tijuana: testing the migration selectivity
hypothesis. Journal of Immigrant Health, Vol. 1, No. 2, Apr 1999.
77-90 pp. New York, New York. In Eng.
"Mexican immigrants to
the United States have better reproductive outcomes than do U.S.-born
non-Latina whites. Explanations offered for this...include (1) poor
outcomes among Mexican women may be hidden by their return to Mexico;
(2) Mexican women may have a higher fetal death rate that alters the
pattern of live birth outcomes; (3) Mexican women may have
socioeconomic characteristics which...would explain the outcome; (4)
Mexican women may have personal characteristics which would explain the
outcome...; (5) there may be ameliorative or salutogenic `protective'
effects of culture; and (6) migration may be selective of healthier
women who are thus more prone to positive outcomes. [The authors] test
these explanations, with an emphasis on the last one, using a data set
that combines reproductive histories and birth outcomes for Mexico-born
women delivering in San Diego, California and Mexican women delivering
in Tijuana, Mexico. These data are compared with U.S.-born Latinas and
U.S.-born non-Latina whites. Multivariate logistic regression analysis
suggests that...the adjusted odds of a positive birth outcome...is
highest for women delivering in Tijuana, implying that migrants may not
be so selective when compared to the country of
origin."
Correspondence: J. R. Weeks, San Diego State
University, Department of Geography, International Population Center,
San Diego, CA 92182-4493. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
Studies on infertility, as well as studies of spontaneous abortion, prematurity, and other relevant pathologies of pregnancy.
65:30255 Akre, Olof; Cnattingius, Sven;
Bergström, Reinhold; Kvist, Ulrik; Trichopoulos, Dimitrios; Ekbom,
Anders. Human fertility does not decline: evidence from
Sweden. Fertility and Sterility, Vol. 71, No. 6, Jun 1999. 1,066-9
pp. Birmingham, Alabama. In Eng.
The authors assess changes in
fertility over time using data for Sweden in the period 1983-1993.
"Subfertility problems decreased dramatically over successive
maternal birth cohorts. Further, the risk of subfertility increased
with age and decreased with increasing formal education.... A decrease
in male fertility cannot be ruled out on the basis of these results,
but if present, it is minor and totally outweighed by other favorable
developments."
Correspondence: O. Akre, Karolinska
Institutet, Department of Medical Epidemiology, Box 281, 171 77
Stockholm, Sweden. E-mail: olof.akre@mep.ki.se. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:30256 American Society for Reproductive
Medicine (Birmingham, Alabama). Assisted reproductive
technology in the United States: 1996 results generated from the
American Society for Reproductive Medicine/Society for Assisted
Reproductive Technology Registry. Fertility and Sterility, Vol.
71, No. 5, May 1999. 798-807 pp. Birmingham, Alabama. In Eng.
This
is a summary of "the procedures and outcomes of assisted
reproductive technology (ART) initiated in the United States in 1996
[using data on 300 programs].... Procedural outcomes measured included
clinical pregnancy, ectopic pregnancy, abortion, stillbirth, delivery,
and congenital abnormality.... In 1996, there were more programs
reporting ART treatment and a significant (11.3%) increase in reported
cycles. In comparable cycles types, overall average success rates
(deliveries per retrieval) exhibited an actual increase of 3.5% (this
is an increase of 15.8% when compared to the success rate for
1995)."
Correspondence: American Society for
Reproductive Medicine, 1209 Montgomery Highway, Birmingham, AL 35216.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:30257 Inhorn, Marcia C.
Infertility and the quest for conception in Egypt. In:
Reproductive health and infectious disease in the Middle East, edited
by Robin Barlow and Joseph W. Brown. 1998. 114-29 pp. Ashgate:
Brookfield, Vermont/Aldershot, England. In Eng.
The author examines
infertility in Egypt, with a focus on the social pressure to bear
children and the cultural stigmatization of childlessness. Various
treatment options available to Egyptian women are evaluated, and the
obstacles for many women seeking such treatment are
discussed.
Correspondence: M. C. Inhorn, Emory University,
Department of Anthropology, Atlanta, GA 30322. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:30258 Reproductive Health Matters (London,
England). Living without children. Reproductive
Health Matters, Vol. 7, No. 13, May 1999. 1-111 pp. Blackwell Science:
Oxford, England. In Eng. with sum. in Fre; Spa.
This issue is
concerned with both voluntary and involuntary infertility around the
world. "These papers are about women who long for children but
have not had them and women who have had children and lost them, as
well as women who do not want children and have not had to have them.
They are often about absence and loss, but sometimes they are also
about the freedom and opportunities which the absence of children can
bring. They explore the consequences of the right not to have children
and the lack of any given right to have children. They are about women
who have rejected motherhood and women whom motherhood has passed
by."
Correspondence: Blackwell Science, Osney Mead,
Oxford OX2 0EL, England. E-mail: jnl.orders@blacksci.co.uk.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
Studies concerning activities, including family planning programs, that are primarily designed to influence fertility.
General aspects of fertility control, primarily those concerned with family planning and family planning programs.
65:30259 Calvès, Anne E.
Condom use and risk perceptions among male and female adolescents
in Cameroon: qualitative evidence from Edéa. PSI Research
Division Working Paper, No. 22, 1999. 23 pp. Population Services
International, Research Division: Washington, D.C. In Eng.
"The present study examines the specific constraints to condom
use among male and female adolescents in Edéa, Cameroon, and how
they differ by gender.... The results indicate that while the image of
a young man getting condoms is mixed, there is a strong stigma attached
to female adolescents getting or carrying condoms, which represents a
serious barrier to condom procurement among young women. For both males
and females, condom use with regular sexual partners is not perceived
as necessary and asking a new partner for condom use is considered
suspicious and is interpreted as a sign of mistrust."
This
paper was originally presented at the 1999 Annual Meeting of the
Population Association of America.
Correspondence:
Population Services International, Research Division, 1120
Nineteenth Street NW, Suite 600, Washington, D.C. 20036. E-mail:
generalinfo@psiwash.org. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
65:30260 Critchlow, Donald T.
Intended consequences: birth control, abortion, and the federal
government in modern America. ISBN 0-19-504657-9. LC 98-13691.
1999. 307 pp. Oxford University Press: New York, New York/Oxford,
England. In Eng.
Using data from a number of archival collections
and from the published literature, the author attempts to provide an
objective account of how federal family planning became established
policy in the United States in the period following World War II. The
primary focus is on domestic family planning, but consideration is
given to international family planning programs as well. "By
examining federal family planning within the context of policy history,
this book follows the development of this policy through a process of
innovation, legislative enactment and administration imposition,
program implementation, reappraisal, and politicization." The
author notes that the modern family planning movement in the United
States emerged from two distinct concerns: overpopulation and women's
right to legalized birth control. The changing weight of these two
concerns over time is analyzed, as is the impact of the debate over the
legalization of abortion on the development of federal government
involvement in family planning programs.
Correspondence:
Oxford University Press, 198 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10016.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:30261 Darroch, Jacqueline E.; Landry, David
J.; Oslak, Selene. Age differences between sexual partners
in the United States. Family Planning Perspectives, Vol. 31, No.
4, Jul-Aug 1999. 160-7 pp. New York, New York. In Eng.
"Data
from the 1995 National Survey of Family Growth (NSFG) were used to
examine age differences between [U.S.] women and their current partner
and women's use of contraceptives at last intercourse, by marital
status and by the age difference between women and their partner....
64% of sexually active women aged 15-17 had a partner within two years
of their age, 29% a partner who was 3-5 years older, and 7% a partner
who was six or more years older. Among women younger than 18, the
pregnancy rate among those with a partner who was six or more years
older was 3.7 times as high as the rate among those whose partner was
no more than two years older. Among women younger than 18 who became
pregnant, those with a partner who was six or more years older were
less likely to have an unintended pregnancy (70%) or to terminate an
unintended pregnancy (21%) than were those whose partner was no more
than two years older (82% and 49%,
respectively)."
Correspondence: J. E. Darroch, Alan
Guttmacher Institute, 120 Wall Street, New York, NY 10005.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:30262 De Koninck, Maria.
Feminist discourse and neo-Malthusianism: the adverse effects of a
misalliance. [Discours féministe et
néo-malthusianisme: les effets pervers d'une
mésalliance.] Cahiers Québécois de
Démographie, Vol. 27, No. 2, Autumn 1998. 253-65, 336-7, 339 pp.
Montreal, Canada. In Fre. with sum. in Eng; Spa.
"In recent
years, we have seen what appears to be an alliance between feminists
and neo-Malthusians on the issue of family planning. This article
presents some thoughts on an association which can be termed a
`misalliance'--since the two discourses stem from disparate viewpoints
and offer differing interpretations--and may produce adverse
effects.... Other detrimental effects of this `tactical alliance' are
linked to the representation of women as victims of their
fertility."
Correspondence: M. De Koninck,
Université Laval, Département de Médecine Sociale
et Préventive, Sainte-Foy, Quebec G1K 7P4, Canada. E-mail:
maria.dekoninck@msp.ulaval.ca. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
65:30263 Dissanayake, Lakshman.
Fertility behaviour of two ethnic minorities at the onset of the
fertility transition in Sri Lanka. Journal of Family Welfare, Vol.
44, No. 4, Dec 1998. 1-8 pp. Mumbai, India. In Eng.
"It is
quite interesting to investigate the mechanisms underlying the distinct
pattern of fertility control behaviour shown by two minority groups,
namely Indian Tamils and Sri Lankan Moors, at the onset of the
fertility transition in Sri Lanka.... The present study...attempts to
explain why these ethnic minority groups exhibited two different
patterns of fertility behaviour at the onset of the fertility
transition...."
Correspondence: L. Dissanayake,
University of Colombo, Department of Demography, Colombo 3, Sri Lanka.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:30264 Emard, Jean-François; Thouez,
Jean-Pierre; Blais, Régis; Drouin, Guy; Ghadirian,
Parviz. Vasectomy in Quebec: 1977-1997. [La
vasectomie au Quebec: 1977-1997.] Cahiers de Sociologie et de
Démographie Médicales, Vol. 39, No. 1, Jan-Mar 1999.
41-58 pp. Paris, France. In Fre. with sum. in Eng.
Spatial and
temporal trends in vasectomy in the Canadian province of Quebec are
analyzed over the period 1977-1997 using the registry of the
Régie de l'Assurance-Maladie. The results show a growth in the
use of this method over time similar to that experienced elsewhere in
Canada and in the United States, although there are significant
geographical differences within the province in the popularity of this
method of contraception.
Correspondence: J.-F. Emard,
Centre de Recherche, CHUM, Unité de Recherche en
Epidémiologie, Campus Hôtel-Dieu, 3850 Saint-Urbain,
Montreal, Quebec H2W 1T8, Canada. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
65:30265 Family Health International (Research
Triangle Park, North Carolina). Community-based
distribution serves unmet needs. Network, Vol. 19, No. 3, Spring
1999. 20 pp. Research Triangle Park, North Carolina. In Eng.
This
is a general review of community-based distribution programs for
contraception in developing countries. The focus of such programs is on
taking contraceptive services and family planning information to people
where they live rather than requiring people to visit clinics or other
locations for these services.
Correspondence: Family Health
International, P.O. Box 13950, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:30266 Gérard, Hubert.
Family planning: from a causal to a systemic approach. [La
planification familiale: de la causalité au pari
systémique.] In: Populations et développements: une
approche globale et systémique, edited by Michel Loriaux. 1998.
357-73 pp. Academia-Bruylant: Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium; L'Harmattan:
Paris, France. In Fre.
The author notes that family planning and
the programs designed to promote it as part of a population policy are
generally based on a perspective that sees lowered fertility as the
cause of improved economic development, but he makes the case that this
thinking is based on unrealistic and unsupported hypotheses. He
suggests an alternative approach based on a systemic perspective,
which, although less ambitious and precise, is more likely to
correspond to actual socio-cultural realities, particularly in
societies that are undergoing rapid change. The need to take local
conditions into account rather than attempting to apply universal
principles in the interest of getting things done quickly is stressed.
The focus is on developing countries.
Correspondence: H.
Gérard, Université Catholique de Louvain, Institut de
Démographie, 1 place Montesquieu, B.P. 17, 1348
Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
65:30267 Glei, Dana A. Measuring
contraceptive use patterns among teenage and adult women. Family
Planning Perspectives, Vol. 31, No. 2, Mar-Apr 1999. 73-80 pp. New
York, New York. In Eng.
"Women at risk of unintended pregnancy
were selected from the 1995 [U.S.] National Survey of Family Growth,
and their contraceptive use patterns were compared across
age-groups.... More than two-thirds of women aged 15-19 report
long-term uninterrupted contraceptive use, but they are more likely to
report sporadic use and less likely to report uninterrupted use of a
very effective method than are women aged 25-34. Compared with women
aged 25-34, women aged 20-24 have higher rates of sporadic use and
lower rates of effective uninterrupted use.... Women in less stable
relationships, those having more infrequent intercourse and women who
have recently experienced nonvoluntary intercourse for the first time
are more likely than others to have a high-risk contraceptive
pattern."
Correspondence: D. A. Glei, Princeton
University, Office of Population Research, 21 Prospect Avenue,
Princeton, NJ 08544-2091. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
65:30268 Grady, William R.; Klepinger, Daniel
H.; Nelson-Wally, Anjanette. Contraceptive
characteristics: the perceptions and priorities of men and women.
Family Planning Perspectives, Vol. 31, No. 4, Jul-Aug 1999. 168-75 pp.
New York, New York. In Eng.
"The data analyzed here are
subsets from two companion [U.S.] surveys conducted in 1991--1,189 men
aged 20-27 who were surveyed in the National Survey of Men and 740
women aged 20-27 who were surveyed in the National Survey of Women.
Multivariate ordered logit analysis is used to examine how gender is
related to both the importance that individuals assign to seven
specific contraceptive characteristics when choosing a method, and to
perceptions about the extent to which five common method types possess
each of these characteristics.... Men and women have somewhat different
priorities when choosing a contraceptive method. Despite many
similarities between women and men in their perceptions about the
characteristics of each method type, numerous differences between them
may have an important influence on how couples make their method
choices."
Correspondence: W. R. Grady, Battelle
Centers for Public Health Research and Evaluation, 4000 NE 41st Street,
Seattle, WA 98105. Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
65:30269 Gray, Alan; Chowdhury, Jamil H.;
Caldwell, Bruce; Al-Sabir, Ahmed. Coitus-dependent family
planning methods: observations from Bangladesh. Studies in Family
Planning, Vol. 30, No. 1, Mar 1999. 43-53 pp. New York, New York. In
Eng.
"Some coitus-dependent methods of family planning, such
as withdrawal, periodic abstinence, and the condom, require male
involvement for their use, and using these methods in combination has
proved to be sensible. An investigation of why male and female
respondents in a survey conducted in Bangladesh often gave conflicting
answers about which methods they were currently using, particularly
about `traditional' methods and condoms, showed that inconsistency in
their reports arose because these methods are used in combination to
such an extent that they are difficult to distinguish. In order to
obtain reliable responses about these methods, a survey approach
different from the long-established one is
required."
Correspondence: A. Gray, Mahidol
University, Institute for Population and Social Research, 25/25
Puthamonthon 4 Road, Salaya, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:30270 Hardee, Karen; Visness, Cynthia;
Ulin, Priscilla; Pfannenschmidt, Susan. A conceptual
framework for investigating the impact of family planning on women's
lives. In: Advances in population: psychosocial perspectives,
Volume 3, edited by Lawrence J. Severy and Warren Miller. 1999. 31-52
pp. Jessica Kingsley Publishers:Philadelphia, Pennsylvania/London,
England. In Eng.
This chapter presents a conceptual framework for
research on the impact of family planning on women's lives. The focus
is on the reproductive health approach to family planning programs,
which has received increasing emphasis since the 1994 International
Conference on Population and Development. Examples are provided from
research being done by the Women's Studies Project at Family Health
International; the geographical focus is on developing countries. The
authors conclude that "by taking a candid look at the family
planning and fertility experiences of women across different countries
and cultures, listening to women tell their stories and querying them
on the disappointments as well as the rewards of their decisions, the
insight gained may help reshape reproductive health policies and
services, making services more responsive to what women and their
families need."
Correspondence: K. Hardee, Family
Health International, Women's Studies Project, One Triangle Drive,
Research Triangle Park, NC 27709. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
65:30271 Harvey, S. Marie; Beckman, Linda J.;
Doty, Michelle. Couple dynamics in sexual and reproductive
decision-making among Mexican immigrants. In: Advances in
population: psychosocial perspectives, Volume 3, edited by Lawrence J.
Severy and Warren Miller. 1999. 251-79 pp. Jessica Kingsley Publishers:
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania/London, England. In Eng.
"The
overall goal of our research is to examine couple influences in
contraceptive and condom use behavior among Mexican immigrant couples
[in the United States]. More specifically, this chapter presents
findings from our larger study that: (1) explores which member of the
couple initiates sexual behavior and makes decisions about
contraceptive/condom use and sexual behavior; (2) examines if and how
couples communicate with one another about fertility desires, sexual
behaviors and contraceptive/condom use; (3) explores which situations
or characteristics enhance a woman's influence on condom use with her
partner; and (4) investigates cultural norms shared by inner city
Mexican immigrants with regard to contraceptive and condom use."
The data concern 79 couples of Mexican origin living in Los Angeles
County, California.
Correspondence: S. M. Harvey,
University of Oregon, Department of Sociology, Eugene, OR 97403.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:30272 Hotchkiss, David R.; Magnani, Robert
J.; Rous, Jeffrey J.; Azelmat, Mustapha; Mroz, Thomas A.; Heikel,
Jaffar. The effects of maternal-child health service
utilization on subsequent contraceptive use in Morocco. Journal of
Biosocial Science, Vol. 31, No. 2, Apr 1999. 145-65 pp. Cambridge,
England. In Eng.
"The present study re-examines the
relationship between MCH [maternal-child health] service and subsequent
contraceptive use in Morocco and the role that variations in the supply
environment for health and family planning services play in this
relationship. The study...seeks to ascertain the role that MCH service
use plays in individual contraceptive use decisions.... Multi-level
regression techniques are used to model current contraceptive use
status as a function of (1) the availability, quality, and packaging of
MCH and family planning services, (2) community- and individual-level
determinants of health service and contraceptive use, and (3) intensity
of prior MCH service use."
This paper was originally presented
at the 1995 Annual Meeting of the Population Association of
America.
Correspondence: D. R. Hotchkiss, Tulane University
Medical Center, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine,
Department of International Health and Development, New Orleans, LA
70118. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:30273 Hudson, Aida J.
Fertility and family planning in a West Bank village. In:
Reproductive health and infectious disease in the Middle East, edited
by Robin Barlow and Joseph W. Brown. 1998. 92-113 pp. Ashgate:
Brookfield, Vermont/Aldershot, England. In Eng.
The author examines
family planning and the high fertility rate in the West Bank and Gaza
Strip. "Family planning was selected as the main focus of the
present study for several reasons. Of Bongaarts' four proximate
determinants of fertility, contraceptive use explains more of the
variation in fertility in the Arab countries than any other variable
except marriage.... Moreover, family planning efforts in various
countries have been known to reduce fertility rates even in the absence
of broader socioeconomic and cultural changes. In the Palestinian case,
the need to reduce fertility is urgent in light of resource scarcity
and the young age structure of the current
population."
Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
65:30274 Jato, Miriam N.; Simbakalia, Calista;
Tarasevich, Joan M.; Awasum, David N.; Kihinga, Clement N. B.;
Ngirwamungu, Edith. The impact of multimedia family
planning promotion on the contraceptive behavior of women in
Tanzania. International Family Planning Perspectives, Vol. 25, No.
2, Jun 1999. 60-7 pp. New York, New York. In Eng. with sum. in Spa;
Fre.
"Data from a nationally representative sample of 4,225
women who participated in the 1994 Tanzania Knowledge, Attitudes and
Practice Survey and in the 1991-1992 Tanzania Demographic and Health
Survey were used to assess the impact of mass media family planning
campaigns on contraceptive behavior. A bivariate analysis was conducted
to study the association between social and demographic
characteristics, family planning communications campaigns and
contraceptive behavior; multiple regression analysis was used to
examine the relationship between specific media campaigns and
contraceptive use. Results [indicate that] the more types of media that
women are exposed to, the more likely they are to practice
contraception."
Correspondence: M. N. Jato, United
Nations Population Fund, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:30275 Khalifa, Mona A. Family
planning and sustainable development in Egypt. CDC Series on
Population and Development, No. 5, 1994. 30 pp. Cairo Demographic
Center: Cairo, Egypt. In Eng. with sum. in Ara.
"This paper
aims to analyze the relationship between family planning and
sustainable development. It shows that [the] family planning program in
Egypt has successfully managed to decrease fertility rates in some
areas. However, the quality of services needs to be improved.... The
paper emphasises that family planning services are strongly linked to
the health services."
Correspondence: Cairo
Demographic Center, 78 Street No. 4, El-Hdhaba Elolya, Mokattam 11571,
Cairo, Egypt. E-mail: cdc@frcu.eun.eg. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
65:30276 Kornfield, Ruth; Banda,
Duncan. Quality of family planning community-based
distribution services in Malawi. STAFH Report Series, LC
98-981049. Dec 1996. viii, 124 pp. Support to AIDS and Family Health
Project [STAFH]: Lilongwe, Malawi. In Eng.
This is a summary of the
quality of family planning community-based distribution (CBD) services
in Malawi, based on case studies conducted in 1995. "The goal was
to provide comprehensive information on the selection, functioning and
quality of CBD services in order to understand the strengths and
weaknesses of the programs.... The objectives were to assess the
quality of services, program needs, and management of the projects; and
to identify referral needs and mechanisms linking the CBD and clinic
based services, community involvement, and the selection process of CBD
agents."
Correspondence: Support to AIDS and Family
Health Project, Lilongwe, Malawi. Location: U.S. Library of
Congress, Washington, D.C.
65:30277 Kosunen, Elise; Vikat, Andres;
Rimpelä, Matti; Rimpelä, Arja; Huhtala, Heini.
Questionnaire study of use of emergency contraception among
teenagers. British Medical Journal, Vol. 319, No. 7202, Jul 10,
1999. 91 pp. London, England. In Eng.
In this one-page article, the
authors report on a 1994 Finnish study of "knowledge of emergency
contraception and frequency of use among teenagers.... Our results
suggest that easy access to contraceptive services (including emergency
contraception) and intensive sex education have not increased
adolescent sexual activity. The proportion of sexually experienced
teenagers in our study was not higher than in Finnish studies in the
late 1980s or early 1990s when emergency contraception was not widely
used."
Correspondence: E. Kosunen, University of
Tampere, Medical School, Department of General Practice, P.O. Box 607,
33101 Tampere, Finland. E-mail: meelko@uta.fi. Location:
Princeton University Library (SZ).
65:30278 Levin, Ann; Caldwell, Bruce;
Barkat-e-Khuda. Effect of price and access on
contraceptive use. Social Science and Medicine, Vol. 49, No. 1,
Jul 1999. 1-15 pp. Oxford, England. In Eng.
"The Family
Planning Program in Bangladesh has been very successful.... The effect
of economic constraints, such as cash price and access to services on
contraceptive method use, the choice of contraceptive method and
provider choice, has been analyzed, taking into account the
socioeconomic factors that influence decision-making for individual
family members.... No effect of cash prices was found on the
probability of use of any contraceptive method, but clients were to a
limited extent responsive to price in making choices about
contraceptive methods and providers. In addition couples were less
likely to use contraception or choose methods if the travel time to
fixed clinics was greater than 30
[minutes]."
Correspondence: A. Levin, Partnerships for
Health Reform, University Research Corporation, 4800 Montgomery Lane,
Suite 600, Bethesda, MD 20814. E-mail: ann_levin@abtassoc.com.
Location: Princeton University Library (PR).
65:30279 Lindberg, Laura D.; Ku, Leighton;
Sonenstein, Freya L. Adolescent males' combined use of
condoms with partners' use of female contraceptive methods.
Maternal and Child Health Journal, Vol. 2, No. 4, Dec 1998. 201-9 pp.
New York, New York. In Eng.
"Protection from both sexually
transmitted diseases and pregnancy is best obtained by the combined use
of male condoms and effective female contraceptive methods. This
research examines dual contraceptive method use among [U.S.] teenage
men. [Using] data from the 1995 National Survey of Adolescent Males....
The results suggest that efforts to increase condom use in general
should also influence young men's use of condoms when their partner is
using a female method. Providing information to young males about the
high prevalence and serious consequences of sexually transmitted
diseases may increase dual method use among adolescents."
This
is a revised version of a paper originally presented at the 1997 Annual
Meeting of the Population Association of
America.
Correspondence: L. D. Lindberg, Urban Institute,
2100 M Street NW, Washington, D.C. 20037. E-mail:
lduberst@ui.urban.org. Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
65:30280 Lindsay, Jo; Smith, Anthony M. A.;
Rosenthal, Doreen A. Conflicting advice? Australian
adolescents' use of condoms or the pill. Family Planning
Perspectives, Vol. 31, No. 4, Jul-Aug 1999. 190-4 pp. New York, New
York. In Eng.
"Data from a 1997 national survey of 3,550
Australian secondary school students were used to examine teenagers'
method choice and patterns of advice-seeking about contraception and
STD prevention. Logistic regression analyses were conducted to identify
factors associated with the exclusive use of condoms or the pill....
Virtually all 961 currently sexually active students were using at
least one contraceptive method--primarily condoms (78%) or the pill
(45%). Some 31% were using condoms exclusively, and 10% were using the
pill exclusively. Older students and those who had sought contraceptive
advice had elevated odds of using the pill rather than condoms
exclusively...."
Correspondence: J. Lindsay, La Trobe
University, Australian Research Centre in Sex, Health and Society,
Melbourne, Australia. Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
65:30281 Marshall, John.
Requirements for psychological research in natural family
planning. Genus, Vol. 54, No. 3-4, Jul-Dec 1998. 177-86 pp. Rome,
Italy. In Eng. with sum. in Ita; Fre.
The author discusses the
acceptability of the basal body temperature method of natural family
planning, using data for England and Wales. The focus is on the
possible effects of psychological factors on use of the
method.
Correspondence: J. Marshall, University of London,
203 Robin Hood Way, London SW20 0AA, England. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:30282 Meekers, Dominique.
Patterns of use of the female condom in urban Zimbabwe. PSI
Research Division Working Paper, No. 28, 1999. 21 pp. Population
Services International, Research Division: Washington, D.C. In Eng.
"In 1996, Zimbabwean women petitioned the government to make
the female condom widely available as an alternative means of HIV
protection. The female condom has now been mass-marketed for a little
more than one year. This study used data from exit surveys with a
random sample of 1,753 consumers at retail outlets to assess patterns
in awareness and use of the female condom, and to examine to what
extent discussion and use of the female condom varies by type of
partner."
Correspondence: Population Services
International, Research Division, 1120 Nineteenth Street NW, Suite 600,
Washington, D.C. 20036. E-mail: generalinfo@psiwash.org. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:30283 Mishel, Daniel R.; Westhoff, Carolyn
L. Contraception. Contraception, Vol. 59, No. 1
Suppl., Jan 1999. 42 pp. Elsevier Science Publishers: New York, New
York/Amsterdam, Netherlands. In Eng.
"The problem of how best
to disseminate accurate information regarding OC [oral contraceptives]
to healthcare providers and women was the focus of a panel of experts
in the field of reproductive health that met at a clinical management
conference in New York City on July 23, 1998. The articles in this
supplement, The Power of the Pill, summarize the conference
proceedings.... Topics discussed include contraception in the prepill
era; the introduction of the pill and its impact; current use and
attitudes regarding OC; perceptions and realities regarding the risks
of cardiovascular disease and breast cancer, as well as OC health
benefits; therapeutic uses and quality-of-life benefits of OC; and how
to improve clinician/patient interaction so the benefits and risks of
OC can be communicated effectively."
Correspondence:
Elsevier Science Publishers, 655 Avenue of the Americas, NY 10010.
E-mail: usinfo-f@elsevier.com. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
65:30284 Mishra, Vinod K.; Retherford, Robert
D.; Nair, P. S.; Feeney, Griffith. Reasons for
discontinuing and not intending to use contraception in India.
National Family Health Survey Subject Report, No. 13, Jun 1999. 36 pp.
International Institute for Population Sciences [IIPS]: Mumbai, India;
East-West Center, Population and Health Studies: Honolulu, Hawaii. In
Eng.
"Based on data from India's 1992-93 National Family
Health Survey, this study analyzes the main reasons for discontinuing
contraceptive use and for not intending to use contraception in the
future. The study also analyzes the effects of seven demographic and
socioeconomic variables on reported reasons for discontinuing
contraception or intending not to use
contraception."
Correspondence: International
Institute for Population Sciences, Govandi Station Road, Deonar, Mumbai
400 088, India. E-mail: iips.nfhs@axcess.net.in. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:30285 Moore, Kirsten; Helzner, Judith
F. What's sex got to do with it? Challenges for
incorporating sexuality into family planning programs. ISBN
0-87834-088-2. LC 97-3852. 1997. 28 pp. Population Council: New York,
New York; International Planned Parenthood Federation [IPPF], Western
Hemisphere Region: New York, New York. In Eng.
This report examines
the complicated and dynamic connection between sexuality and family
planning. It examines how sexuality and power differences between men
and women shape contraceptive practices and reproductive health, and
how community-based activists and family planning and reproductive
health counselors can help individuals move toward more satisfactory
sexual lives and greater well-being. It also examines how service
provider attitudes toward sexuality and gender roles affect the
services clients receive, and how those attitudes can be changed in
order to improve services.
Correspondence: Population
Council, One Dag Hammarskjold Plaza, New York, NY 10017. E-mail:
pubinfo@popcouncil.org. Location: Population Council Library,
New York, NY.
65:30286 Moudallal, Nada; Navaneetham,
Kannan. Contraceptive use dynamics and reproductive
morbidity in Lebanon: evidence from family planning clinic data.
In: Reproductive health and infectious disease in the Middle East,
edited by Robin Barlow and Joseph W. Brown. 1998. 45-70 pp. Ashgate:
Brookfield, Vermont/Aldershot, England. In Eng.
"From the
available evidence in the literature, a model has been proposed to
study the determinants of the use and continuation of contraceptives
and their association with gynecological morbidity [in Lebanon]. The
model focuses on the mechanisms through which social, maternal and
other intermediate variables affect contraceptive use, continuation and
method of choice.... This model serves as a point of departure for
examining the potential association between contraceptive use and
gynecological morbidity."
Correspondence: N.
Moudallal, American University of Beirut, Faculty of Health Sciences,
Department of Population Studies, Bliss Street, Beirut, Lebanon.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:30287 Nair, P. S.; Feeney, Griffith;
Mishra, Vinod K.; Retherford, Robert D. Factors affecting
source of family planning services in India. National Family
Health Survey Subject Report, No. 12, Jun 1999. 38 pp. International
Institute for Population Sciences [IIPS]: Mumbai, India; East-West
Center, Population and Health Studies: Honolulu, Hawaii. In Eng.
"This Subject Report analyzes factors associated with use of
private-sector family planning services, based on data from India's
1992-93 National Family Health Survey (NFHS). Contrary to expectations,
the analysis shows little relationship between the proportion of women
using private-sector family planning services in a state and
state-level fertility rates.... This report examines seven factors that
might influence a woman's use of private-sector services: age,
urban/rural residence, education, religion, membership in a scheduled
caste or tribe, electronic media exposure, and geographic region. Urban
residence and higher levels of education emerge as the variables most
closely associated with use of private-sector sources of family
planning."
Correspondence: International Institute for
Population Sciences, Govandi Station Road, Deonar, Mumbai 400 088,
India. E-mail: iips.nfhs@axcess.net.in. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
65:30288 Odimegwu, Clifford O.
Family planning attitudes and use in Nigeria: a factor
analysis. International Family Planning Perspectives, Vol. 25, No.
2, Jun 1999. 86-91 pp. New York, New York. In Eng. with sum. in Spa;
Fre.
"A randomly selected sample of 927 married men and women
living in urban and rural areas of Nigeria were asked how strongly they
agreed with 26 attitudinal statements regarding family planning. A
factor analysis was used to measure the association between the
respondent's attitudes toward family planning and their contraceptive
practices.... Respondents' perceptions of family planning were
associated with contraceptive use: Those who approved of family
planning were twice as likely as respondents who disapproved to be
using contraceptives. Furthermore, respondents who communicated with
their spouse about family planning were three times more likely than
those who did not to be using a
contraceptive."
Correspondence: C. O. Odimegwu,
Obafemi Awolowo University, Department of Demography and Social
Statistics, Ile-Ife, Nigeria. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
65:30289 Özvaris, Sevkat B.; Akin,
Ayse. Postpartum contraception: a new approach to minimize
unmet needs in family planning. Turkish Journal of Population
Studies/Nüfusbilim Dergisi, Vol. 20, 1998. 87-97 pp. Ankara,
Turkey. In Eng. with sum. in Tur.
The authors discuss the need for
postpartum contraception in Turkey. The importance of providing family
planning information, modern contraceptive methods, and community-based
reproductive health services is emphasized.
Correspondence:
S. B. Özvaris, Hacettepe University, School of Medicine,
Department of Public Health, Hacettepe Parki, Ankara, Turkey.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:30290 Potter, Linda S. Why
must one "restart" a method that is still working? A case for
redefining injectable discontinuation. Family Planning
Perspectives, Vol. 31, No. 2, Mar-Apr 1999. 98-100 pp. New York, New
York. In Eng.
The author discusses reasons for the apparently high
discontinuation rates of Depo-Provera (DMPA) among U.S. women. "A
DMPA user is counted by default as having discontinued use if she
returns for a subsequent injection more than 14 weeks after the
preceding injection--even if she receives her next injection only a few
days late. She must then `restart' the method, even though her last
DMPA injection may still be protecting her from
pregnancy."
Correspondence: L. S. Potter, Princeton
University, Office of Population Research, 21 Prospect Avenue,
Princeton, NJ 08544-2091. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
65:30291 Potts, Malcolm.
"There is a measure in all things" In: Advances in
population: psychosocial perspectives, Volume 3, edited by Lawrence J.
Severy and Warren Miller. 1999. 123-5 pp. Jessica Kingsley Publishers:
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania/London, England. In Eng.
The author
develops the theme that, in an era when the need for family planning is
large and the resources to meet it are limited, a quantitative approach
to measuring program success remains valuable. "I suggest that if
we are to manage limited resources for the maximum welfare of people
less fortunate than we are, we must develop quantitative measures of
achievement in order to develop objective criteria for establishing
priorities."
Correspondence: M. Potts, University of
California, School of Public Health, Berkeley, CA 94720. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:30292 Sadana, Ritu; Snow, Rachel.
Balancing effectiveness, side-effects and work: women's perceptions
and experiences with modern contraceptive technology in Cambodia.
Social Science and Medicine, Vol. 49, No. 3, Aug 1999. 343-58 pp.
Oxford, England. In Eng.
"This community-based study presents
the results of 17 focus-group discussions primarily among poor married
women of reproductive age in urban and rural Cambodia regarding their
experiences with modern contraceptive methods and their preferences for
different technical attributes, including effectiveness, mode of
administration, secrecy and rapid return of fertility. Key findings
indicate that women who use modern contraceptive technologies desire
highly effective methods of birth control. Cambodian women are
primarily interested in longer-acting methods, view weight gain
positively and are less concerned about a rapid return to fertility
upon discontinuation of a method or secrecy from their partners....
Women may switch from a modern method associated with negative
side-effects to a lesser effective traditional method, either to take a
break from unwanted side-effects or discontinue modern methods
altogether, if another suitable method is
unavailable."
Correspondence: R. Sadana, Harvard
School of Public Health, Department of Population and International
Health, 677 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115. E-mail: rsadana
@hsph.harvard.edu. Location: Princeton University Library
(PR).
65:30293 Solo, Julie; Billings, Deborah L.;
Aloo-Obunga, Colette; Ominde, Achola; Makumi, Margaret.
Creating linkages between incomplete abortion treatment and family
planning services in Kenya. Studies in Family Planning, Vol. 30,
No. 1, Mar 1999. 17-27 pp. New York, New York. In Eng.
"This
report describes a study that was conducted in Kenya to test three
different models of ways to provide postabortion family planning. The
study shows that these new services are both feasible and acceptable to
providers and patients, and also shows how effective they can be.
Whereas only 7 percent of women received family planning counseling
according to the baseline survey, this proportion increased to 68
percent in the postintervention period. In addition, 70 percent of
women who decided to begin using contraceptive received a method,
compared with only 3 percent at baseline. The provision of postabortion
family planning counseling and methods on the gynecological ward by
ward staff was found to be the preferred and most effective
model."
Correspondence: J. Solo, Population Council,
International Programs Division, One Dag Hammarskjold Plaza, New York,
NY 10017. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:30294 Steele, Fiona; Curtis, Siân L.;
Choe, Minja. The impact of family planning service
provision on contraceptive-use dynamics in Morocco. Studies in
Family Planning, Vol. 30, No. 1, Mar 1999. 28-42 pp. New York, New
York. In Eng.
"This article uses linked data from the 1995
Morocco DHS calendar and the 1992 Morocco DHS service-availability
module to study the effect of service environment on contraceptive
discontinuation, switching, and adoption of a modern method following a
birth.... The findings show that the presence of a nearby public health
center is associated with higher modern-method adoption after a birth
and lower method-failure rates; the presence of a pharmacy is
associated with lower discontinuation due to side effects or health
concerns. The degree of method-choice potential has a positive impact
on both the rate of switching from the pill to another modern method
and on modern-method adoption after a
birth."
Correspondence: F. Steele, London School of
Economics and Political Science, Department of Statistics, Houghton
Street, Aldwych, London WC2A 2AE, England. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
65:30295 United States. Centers for Disease
Control and Prevention [CDC]. National Center for Chronic Disease
Prevention and Health Promotion. Division of Reproductive Health
(Atlanta, Georgia). Family planning methods and practice:
Africa. 2nd ed. 1999. xiv, 698 pp. Atlanta, Georgia. In Eng.
This book is about family planning in Africa, and has chapters on
the African context, sexually transmitted infections and infertility,
information for providing and using contraceptives effectively, and
contraceptive methods. "This new edition still emphasizes family
planning methods and practice as they relate to Africa. It gives
current information about the menstrual cycle and contraception. It
introduces significant new topics. The chapter on HIV infections is
especially important. The section on reproductive behavior and
population change will be critical to public health officials. The
expanded section on `Providing Family Planning Services' has greater
depth and breadth because it includes a chapter on education and
counseling, as well as one on quality assurance. This new edition
brings important ideas to the provision of services for family
planning. Prevention, education, and the quality of clinical service
get greater emphasis. It also discusses, in detail, new approaches to
contraception, such as long-acting hormone implants. Program
management, as well as clinic management, is an important part of this
new edition."
Correspondence: Centers for Disease
Control and Prevention, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention
and Health Promotion, Division of Reproductive Health (C06), Atlanta,
GA 30333. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:30296 Vann, Richard T.
Unnatural infertility, or, whatever happened in Colyton? Some
reflections on "English population history from family
reconstitution 1580-1837" Continuity and Change, Vol. 14, No.
1, May 1999. 91-104 pp. Cambridge, England. In Eng.
The author
discusses the recent book by Wrigley, Oeppen, Schofield, and Davies,
English population history from family reconstitution 1580-1837.
"The volume contains a wealth of new data.... It also introduces
new analytic techniques which surely tease out of the data just about
everything that they can reveal.... I shall argue that family
limitation is a sort of `absent presence' or repressed theme in the
book's treatment of changes in fertility, so that it leaves the
question of its prevalence still open."
Correspondence:
R. T. Vann, Wesleyan University, Department of History,
Middletown, CT 06459. Location: Princeton University Library
(SF).
65:30297 Woodsong, Cynthia; Koo, Helen
P. Two good reasons: women's and men's perspectives on
dual contraceptive use. Social Science and Medicine, Vol. 49, No.
5, Sep 1999. 567-80 pp. Oxford, England. In Eng.
"In the U.S.,
continued high rates of unintended pregnancy, combined with increases
in heterosexual transmission of HIV to women, have sharply magnified
concern about the factors leading to or barring the use of
contraceptive methods to protect concurrently against both risks. This
paper reports on results of focus group research among African-American
women participating in a longitudinal study and African-American men
who are either partners of the women or are of similar socio-economic
status as their partners. We found a high level of agreement between
men and women on the issues and problems that both sexes face. People
felt that regardless of a woman's use of other contraceptive methods, a
condom should always be used for protection. This belief, however,
differed markedly from actual practice. Although we attempted to
discern the relative salience of concern about pregnancy versus [sexual
transmitted infections], we conclude that people may not separate these
two concerns in their resolve to use two
methods."
Correspondence: C. Woodsong, Center for
International Development, Research Triangle Institute, 3040 Cornwallis
Road, P.O. Box 12194, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709-2194. E-mail:
woodsong@rti.org. Location: Princeton University Library (PR).
65:30298 Yusuf, Farhat; Siedlecky,
Stefania. Female sterilizing operations in New South
Wales: a demographic perspective. Journal of the Australian
Population Association, Vol. 15, No. 1, May 1998. 69-79 pp. Canberra,
Australia. In Eng.
"This paper examines trends in female
sterilizing operations from a demographic perspective. These operations
have declined in New South Wales since 1981, with a substantial drop in
tubal ligation and hysterectomy, particularly among younger women. The
decline in sterilization of women of childbearing age has been due to
postponement of births. Younger women have avoided terminal methods of
birth control and continued to use methods, such as oral contraceptives
and back-up abortion, which allow for a pregnancy at a later age.
Sterilizing operations still remain the most commonly reported means of
birth control by women over age 35."
Correspondence:
F. Yusuf, Macquarie University, School of Economic and Financial
Studies, Demographic Research Group, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:30299 Zambia. Ministry of Health (Lusaka,
Zambia). Family planning in reproductive health: policy
framework, strategies and guidelines. LC 98-981006. Mar 1997. vi,
116 pp. Lusaka, Zambia. In Eng.
This report concerns family
planning and reproductive health in Zambia. Section 1 concerns the
country's policy framework. Section 2 deals with strategies for
providing family planning within reproductive health, including the
background and need for such strategies, improving access to and
quality of care of family planning services, target groups for
reproductive health, and prevention and management of abortion,
infertility, and cervical cancer. Section 3 covers family planning
methods, including effectiveness, acceptability, and service delivery
requirements.
Location: U.S. Library of Congress,
Washington, D.C.
Selected studies on the medical aspects of fertility control methods, including studies on side effects and use-effectiveness.
65:30300 Bonnar, John. Experience
in the use of natural family planning in the field: calendar and
calendar-basal body temperature methods. Genus, Vol. 54, No. 3-4,
Jul-Dec 1998. 119-28 pp. Rome, Italy. In Eng. with sum. in Ita; Fre.
"In this paper I will review the calendar method and the
calendar/temperature method of family planning and deal with the
difficulties which arise with these methods of natural fertility
regulation." Results indicate that "using basal body
temperature (BBT) alone with coitus confined to the post ovulation
infertile phase, pregnancy rates are 0.11-1.2 per 100 women per year
for method failure. BBT and calendar combined have achieved pregnancy
rates of 5.0 for method failure. These methods of periodic abstinence
require a strong educational component."
Correspondence:
J. Bonnar, University of Dublin, Trinity College, Department of
Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Coombe Women's Hospital, Dublin 2, Ireland.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:30301 Burnhill, Michael S. The
use of a large-scale surveillance system in Planned Parenthood
Federation of American clinics to monitor cardiovascular events in
users of combination oral contraceptives. International Journal of
Fertility and Women's Medicine, Vol. 44, No. 1, Jan-Feb 1999. 19-30 pp.
Port Washington, New York. In Eng.
"In this retrospective
analysis, the association between the occurrence of a thromboembolic
event, OC [oral contraceptive] use, and progestin type was assessed in
a group of PPFA [Planned Parenthood Federation of America] patients....
This study supports the conclusion that OCs containing 30 or 35
micrograms of estrogen, combined with one of...four previously
identified progestins, carry an extremely low risk of a thromboembolic
event, particularly when prescribing is based on a defined medical
protocol. Overall, these four groups of low-dose estrogen-containing
OCs appear safer than any previously published study has
indicated."
Correspondence: M. S. Burnhill, Planned
Parenthood Federation of America, 810 Seventh Avenue, New York, NY
10019. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:30302 Colombo, Bernardo.
Evaluation of fertility predictors and comparison of different
rules. Genus, Vol. 54, No. 3-4, Jul-Dec 1998. 153-67 pp. Rome,
Italy. In Eng. with sum. in Ita; Fre.
"There are three main
types of observations [that can provide information] on natural
regulation of fertility in view of achieving or avoiding a pregnancy:
calendar of previous events, basal body temperature, [and] appearance
and or sensation of cervical mucus. The paper takes advantage of two
sets of data of this kind and of estimates of daily fecundability....
The two sources of information allow [us] to test suggested rules of
behaviour from three points of view: applicability, reliability, and
acceptability." The data are from London, England, and Vicenza,
Italy.
Correspondence: B. Colombo, Università degli
Studi di Padova, Dipartimento di Scienze Statistiche, Via San Francesco
33, 35121 Padua, Italy. E-mail: colber@hal.stat.unipd.it. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:30303 France, John T. Future
developments in home biochemical tests to monitor potential
fertility. Genus, Vol. 54, No. 3-4, Jul-Dec 1998. 169-76 pp. Rome,
Italy. In Eng. with sum. in Ita; Fre.
"This paper will discuss
some of the developments occurring in hormone analysis and their
application for future use in fertility detection." Methods
considered include saliva or urine tests, new immunoassay techniques,
and home testing systems.
Correspondence: J. T. France,
University of Auckland, School of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics
and Gynecology, National Women's Hospital, Auckland 3, New Zealand.
E-mail: j.france@auckland.ac.nz. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
65:30304 Frezieres, Ron G.; Walsh, Terri L.;
Nelson, Anita L.; Clark, Virginia A.; Coulson, Anne H.
Evaluation of the efficacy of a polyurethane condom: results from a
randomized, controlled clinical trial. Family Planning
Perspectives, Vol. 31, No. 2, Mar-Apr 1999. 81-7 pp. New York, New
York. In Eng.
"In a double-masked [U.S.] study, 805 monogamous
couples were randomized to use either the polyurethane condom or the
latex condom for six months.... The six-month pregnancy rate during
typical use (adjusted for use of emergency contraception) was 4.8% for
the polyurethane condom and 6.3% for the latex condom. Similarly
adjusted pregnancy rates during consistent use over six completed
menstrual cycles--2.4% for the polyurethane condom and 1.1% for the
latex condom--did not differ significantly. Clinical failure rates
(including breakage and slippage occurring during either intercourse or
withdrawal) were 8.5% for the polyurethane condom and 1.6% for the
latex condom."
Correspondence: R. G. Frezieres,
California Family Health Council, Research Division, Los Angeles, CA.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:30305 Fu, Haishan; Darroch, Jacqueline E.;
Haas, Taylor; Ranjit, Nalini. Contraceptive failure rates:
new estimates from the 1995 National Survey of Family Growth.
Family Planning Perspectives, Vol. 31, No. 2, Mar-Apr 1999. 56-63 pp.
New York, New York. In Eng.
"We provide new estimates of
method-specific [contraceptive] failure rates among women in the United
States, using the most recent information from the 1995 NSFG [National
Survey of Family Growth] and adjusting for abortion under-reporting....
We present contraceptive failure rates during the first six and during
the first 12 months of use. In addition to differentials by method used
and by duration of use, we consider the differences according to
women's characteristics, such as age, union status, race or ethnicity,
poverty status and religion, that have been found to be associated with
use-effectiveness." Results indicate that "levels of
contraceptive failure vary widely by method, as well as by personal and
background characteristics."
Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
65:30306 Mellemkjær, Lene;
Sørensen, Henrik T.; Dreyer, Lene; Olsen, Jørn; Olsen,
Jørgen H. Admission for and mortality from primary
venous thromboembolism in women of fertile age in Denmark,
1977-95. British Medical Journal, Vol. 319, No. 7213, Sep 25,
1999. 820-1 pp. London, England. In Eng.
The extent to which the
use of third-generation oral contraceptives increases the risk of
venous thromboembolism is examined using data on admissions to hospital
for this cause among women aged 15-49 in Denmark over the period
1977-1993. The results support the hypothesis that third-generation
oral contraceptives do increase the risk of venous thromboembolism to a
greater extent than other oral contraceptives, and that this result
cannot be explained by confounding for
indication.
Correspondence: L. Mellemkjær, Danish
Cancer Society, Institute of Cancer Epidemiology, 2100 Copenhagen
Ø, Denmark. E-mail: lene@cancer.dk. Location: Princeton
University Library (SZ).
65:30307 Ory, Howard W.; Forrest, Jacqueline
D.; Lincoln, Richard. Making choices: evaluating the
health risks and benefits of birth control methods. LC 83-72047.
1983. 72 pp. Alan Guttmacher Institute: New York, New York. In Eng.
The authors aim to "provide useful and realistic estimates of
the health risks and benefits to Americans associated with the various
methods of contraception, with sterilization and abortion, and with
unintended pregnancy and childbirth in the event that no method is
used. The charts and text...show current patterns of contraceptive use,
the effectiveness of the various methods, their costs, the sources from
which they are obtained, and the laws and policies that control their
use.... Both risks and effectiveness of each method are examined for
various U.S. population subgroups, for couples who have different
family size preferences and for those who use different methods at
different stages in their lives."
Correspondence: Alan
Guttmacher Institute, 360 Park Avenue South, New York, NY 10010.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:30308 Pérez, Alfredo.
General overview of natural family planning. Genus, Vol. 54,
No. 3-4, Jul-Dec 1998. 75-93 pp. Rome, Italy. In Eng. with sum. in Ita;
Fre.
"The paper analyzes...different [natural family planning]
methods: Ogino-Knaus, Temperature, Ovulation-Billings, Symptothermal,
Lactational Amenorrhea and kits, describing their scientific basis,
technical approach, results, advantages and disadvantages and clinical
acceptability."
Correspondence: A. Pérez,
Pontifícia Universidad Católica de Chile, Obstetrics and
Gynaecology, Box 114 D, Santiago, Chile. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
65:30309 Rabe, Thomas; Runnebaum,
Benno. Fertility control: update and trends. ISBN
3-540-64763-5. LC 98-33842. 1999. xiii, 255 pp. Springer-Verlag: New
York, New York/Berlin, Germany. In Eng.
This collective work, the
product of a conference on fertility control, contains 14 papers by
various authors. The contents are: The contraceptive revolution: its
past and future "history", by Egon Diczfalusy; Decreasing
abortion: the potential and the constraints, by Giuseppe Benagiano and
Alessandra Pera; Contraception: historical development, current status
and future aspects, by Thomas Rabe, Elena Vladescu, and Benno
Runnebaum; The future of oral hormonal contraception, by Thomas Rabe
and Benno Runnebaum; Cardiovascular risks associated with oral
contraceptives, by Lothar A. J. Heinemann and Edeltraut Garbe;
Injectable contraceptives, by Catherine d'Arcangues and Rachel C. Snow;
Intrauterine contraception: past, present, and future, by Horst Wagner;
Intrauterine hormone-releasing systems, by Pekka Lähteenmäki;
Vaginal rings for contraceptive use, by John R. Newton; Use of
anti-progestins in female contraception, by E. E. Baulieu;
Antiprogestins--a new challenge for female contraception, by Marc
Bygdeman et al.; Natural methods in family planning, by Günter
Freundl; Female and male sterilisation, by Marcus Filshie; and Male
contraception: promising new approaches, by Sigrid von Eckardstein and
Eberhard Nieschlag.
Correspondence: Springer-Verlag,
Tiergartenstraße 17, 69121 Heidelberg, Germany. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:30310 Severy, Lawrence J.
Acceptability as a critical component of clinical trials. In:
Advances in population: psychosocial perspectives, Volume 3, edited by
Lawrence J. Severy and Warren Miller. 1999. 103-22 pp. Jessica Kingsley
Publishers: Philadelphia, Pennsylvania/London, England. In Eng.
This chapter addresses not just the effectiveness of new
contraceptive methods per se, but their acceptability to a couple in a
particular social, economic, and cultural environment. It focuses on
the clinical trials of a new method, the Unipath System of
Contraception, which is a home-use hormone monitoring and urine test
system intended to give women information about the days during their
monthly cycle when they are, or are not, at risk of pregnancy.
Approximately 1,000 women between the ages of 18 and 45 in the United
Kingdom, Ireland, and Germany took part in trials of the method between
1995 and 1997 to test both its effectiveness and acceptability. Similar
trials of the method in the United States are
planned.
Correspondence: L. J. Severy, University of
Florida, Department of Psychology, Gainesville, FL 32611. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:30311 Shulman, Lee P. Oral
contraception: safety issues re-examined. International Journal of
Fertility and Women's Medicine, Vol. 44, No. 2, Mar-Apr 1999. 78-82 pp.
Port Washington, New York. In Eng.
"This paper will review
current studies evaluating venous thromboembolic [VTE], stroke,
myocardial infarction, and cancer risk in women using OC [oral
contraceptive] formulations with less that 50 ug ethinyl estradiol....
[It is found that] safety issues concerning the use of oral
contraceptives have largely been laid to rest. Except for a slightly
increased risk of VTE in OC users, especially among those who smoke, OC
use is not associated with an increased risk for adverse cardiovascular
events. In addition, the fear of developing breast cancer among women
who are using or have used OCs has not been substantiated by a plethora
of studies...."
Correspondence: L. P. Shulman,
University of Tennessee, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology,
Division of Reproductive Genetics, Memphis, TN 38103. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:30312 Stevens-Simon, Catherine; Kelly,
Lisa; Singer, Dena. Preventing repeat adolescent
pregnancies with early adoption of the contraceptive implant.
Family Planning Perspectives, Vol. 31, No. 2, Mar-Apr 1999. 88-93 pp.
New York, New York. In Eng.
"To assess whether adoption of the
contraceptive implant would lower the rate of repeat pregnancy,
contraceptive use and pregnancy outcomes were tracked among 309
adolescent [U.S.] mothers--171 `early' implant users who began use
within six months of delivery and 138 who either adopted another method
or had used no method.... During the first year postpartum, although 7%
of the early implant users had their implants removed, pregnancy rates
were significantly...lower among early implant users (less than 1%)
than among the other adolescent mothers in the sample (20%). By the end
of the second year postpartum, 37% of early implant users had
discontinued use. Nevertheless, their two-year pregnancy rate (12%)
remained significantly lower (p<.0001) than that of the other
adolescent mothers (46%)."
Correspondence: C.
Stevens-Simon, University of Colorado, Health Science Center, Division
of Adolescent Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Colorado Springs, CO
80933. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:30313 Trussell, James; Vaughan,
Barbara. Contraceptive failure, method-related
discontinuation and resumption of use: results from the 1995 National
Survey of Family Growth. Family Planning Perspectives, Vol. 31,
No. 2, Mar-Apr 1999. 64-72, 93 pp. New York, New York. In Eng.
"Data from the 1995 [U.S.] National Survey of Family Growth
were used to compute life-table probabilities of contraceptive failure
for reversible methods of contraception, discontinuation of use for a
method-related reason and resumption of contraceptive use.... Within
one year of starting to use a reversible method of contraception, 9% of
women experience a contraceptive failure--7% of those using the pill,
9% of those relying on the male condom and 19% of those practicing
withdrawal.... Overall, 31% of women discontinue use of a reversible
contraceptive for a method-related reason within six months of starting
use, and 44% do so within 12 months; however, 68% resume use of a
method within one month and 76% do so within three
months."
Correspondence: J. Trussell, Princeton
University, Office of Population Research, 21 Prospect Avenue,
Princeton, NJ 08544-2091. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
65:30314 Trussell, James; Rodríguez,
Germán; Ellertson, Charlotte. Updated estimates of
the effectiveness of the Yuzpe regimen of emergency contraception.
Contraception, Vol. 59, No. 3, Mar 1999. 147-51 pp. New York, New York.
In Eng.
"The purpose of this study was to provide revised
estimates of the effectiveness of the Yuzpe method of emergency
contraception.... The 45 estimates of effectiveness...ranged from a low
of 56.4% to a high of 89.3%. Our preferred point estimate is that the
Yuzpe regimen reduces the risk of pregnancy by 74.1%, with a 95%
confidence interval extending from 62.9% to
79.2%."
Correspondence: J. Trussell, Princeton
University, Office of Population Research, 21 Prospect Avenue,
Princeton, NJ 08544-2091. E-mail: trussell@princeton.edu. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
Studies evaluating either the demographic impact or other criteria of effectiveness of family planning programs.
65:30315 Agha, Sohail; Karlyn, Andrew;
Meekers, Dominique. The promotion of safer sex among high
risk individuals in Mozambique. PSI Research Division Working
Paper, No. 21, 1999. 27 pp. Population Services International, Research
Division: Washington, D.C. In Eng.
"This study uses data from
a nationally representative sample of sexually active adults to examine
the effectiveness of the JeitO condom social marketing (CSM) project in
increasing safer sex practices among men and women at risk of
contracting HIV in Mozambique. More specifically, this study tests the
hypothesis that exposure to program interventions (communications and
access) increases condom use with non-regular partners. Exposure to the
CSM program is high, and multivariate analyses shows that exposure to
CSM advertising and communications and knowledge of a condom source are
associated with higher levels of condom use with non-regular
partners."
Correspondence: Population Services
International, Research Division, 1120 Nineteenth Street NW, Suite 600,
Washington, D.C. 20036. E-mail: generalinfo@psiwash.org. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:30316 Aghajanian, Akbar; Merhyar, Amir
H. Fertility, contraceptive use and family planning
program activity in the Islamic republic of Iran. International
Family Planning Perspectives, Vol. 25, No. 2, Jun 1999. 98-102 pp. New
York, New York. In Eng.
"This article describes Iran's family
planning program and analyzes its accomplishments." Factors
considered include service delivery, government commitment, program
accomplishment, quality of service delivery, and desire for smaller
families.
Correspondence: A. Aghajanian, Fayetteville State
University, Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Fayetteville,
NC 28301. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:30317 Ali, Kamran A.
Modernization and family planning programs in Egypt. Middle
East Report, Vol. 27, No. 4, Oct-Dec 1997. 40-4 pp. Washington, D.C. In
Eng.
The author discusses the aims and quality of family planning
programs in Egypt. "The endeavor to enhance male involvement in
family planning decisions in Egypt by the state and international
development agencies continues historical efforts to `modernize' the
Egyptian poor. Thus, the family planning program as a pedagogical
project is linked to constructions of gender, domestic life and the
emergence of a responsible citizenry in
Egypt."
Correspondence: K. A. Ali, University of
Rochester, Department of Anthropology, Wilson Boulevard, Rochester, NY
14627. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:30318 Amin, Ruhul. Development
strategies and socio-demographic impact of non-governmental
organizations: evidence from rural Bangladesh. ISBN 984-05-1393-1.
1997. xvi, 137 pp. University Press: Dhaka, Bangladesh. In Eng.
This report concerns the role of nongovernmental organizations in
carrying out development and family planning projects in Bangladesh. In
particular, it examines "the grassroots level integrated programme
strategies adopted by most of the NGOs and their socio-demographic
impact in some selected areas of rural Bangladesh." Data are from
a representative household survey of the NGO beneficiaries and
non-beneficiaries, as well as from focus-group sessions and discussions
with NGO program administrators and field staff. "The author
examines the impact of the NGO credit programme on household income,
family planning, immunization coverage, child and infant mortality,
women's empowerment, and NGO
sustainability."
Correspondence: University Press, Red
Crescent Building, 114 Motijheel C/A, G.P.O. Box 2611, Dhaka 1000,
Bangladesh. E-mail: upl@bangla.net. Location: Population
Council Library, New York, NY.
65:30319 Baakile, Benjamin; Maribe, Lucy;
Maggwa, Baker N.; Miller, Robert A. A situation analysis
of the Maternal and Child Health/Family Planning (MCH/FP) Program in
Botswana. LC 98-1263. Jul 1996. vi, 43 pp. Ministry of Health,
Family Health Division, MCH/FP Unit: Gaborone, Botswana; Population
Council, Research Division: New York, New York. In Eng.
This report
presents results from a review of the quality of the services provided
in maternal and child health and family planning in Botswana. A survey
was undertaken in 20 hospitals, 121 clinics, and 45 health posts,
involving interviews with 451 staff members, 386 family planning
clients, and 724 MCH clients. The results concern infrastructure,
supplies and equipment, IEC materials and activities, availability of
contraceptive methods, need for reproductive health services, and
laboratory services.
Correspondence: Population Council,
Research Division, One Dag Hammarskjold Plaza, New York, NY 10017.
Location: Population Council Library, New York, NY.
65:30320 Díaz, Margarita; Simmons,
Ruth; Díaz, Juan; Gonzalez, Carlos; Makuch, Maria Y.;
Bossemeyer, Debora. Expanding contraceptive choice:
findings from Brazil. Studies in Family Planning, Vol. 30, No. 1,
Mar 1999. 1-16 pp. New York, New York. In Eng.
"This article
presents findings from a participatory action research project in a
municipality in southern Brazil that models a new and holistic approach
to broadening women's contraceptive choices. The project encourages a
collaborative process between researchers, community members, and
public health managers to diagnose service-delivery problems, to design
and implement interventions, and to evaluate their effectiveness.
Findings from the baseline evaluation revealed major constraints in
availability of and access to family planning and reproductive health
services for women, as well as severe deficiencies in quality of
care.... Evaluation results show the project's considerable impact in
broadening reproductive options, although not all issues, especially
those related to sustainability, have been
resolved."
Correspondence: M. Díaz, Cidade
Universitária, Department of Education, Training and
Communication, CEMICAMP, Caixa Postal 6181, 13081-970 Campinas, SP,
Brazil. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:30321 Donaldson, Dayl S.
Evaluation of factors influencing the cost-effectiveness of mobile
family planning units in Tunisia. In: Reproductive health and
infectious disease in the Middle East, edited by Robin Barlow and
Joseph W. Brown. 1998. 71-91 pp. Ashgate: Brookfield,
Vermont/Aldershot, England. In Eng.
"In 1986, the Office
National de la Famille et de la Population...undertook a study of the
cost-effectiveness of mobile units which provide family planning
services in Tunisia.... This chapter extends the analysis of how
demographic, socioeconomic, and programmatic factors are related to the
output of the mobile units, with emphasis on including variables of
policy and management relevance. Further, the chapter considers how the
same factors influence program costs."
Correspondence:
D. S. Donaldson, Management Sciences for Health, 165 Allandale
Road, Boston, MA 02130. Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
65:30322 Gold, Rachel B.; Sonfield,
Adam. Family planning funding through four federal-state
programs, FY 1997. Family Planning Perspectives, Vol. 31, No. 4,
Jul-Aug 1999. 176-81 pp. New York, New York. In Eng.
"The
health and social services agencies in all U.S. states, the District of
Columbia and five federal jurisdictions were queried regarding their
family planning expenditures and activities through the MCH [maternal
and child health] and social services block grants and the TANF
[Temporary Aid to Needy Families] program in FY 1997.... In FY 1997, 42
states, the District of Columbia and two federal jurisdictions spent
$41 million on family planning through the MCH program. Fifteen states
reported spending $27 million through the social services block
grant.... Four states reported family planning activities funded under
TANF in FY 1997, the first year of the program's
operation."
Correspondence: R. B. Gold, Alan
Guttmacher Institute, 1120 Connecticut Avenue NW, Suite 460,
Washington, D.C. 20036-3922. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
65:30323 Hull, Terence H.
Indonesia's family planning programme: Swept aside in the
deluge? Development Bulletin, No. 46, 1998. 30-2 pp. Canberra,
Australia. In Eng.
The author discusses the possible impact of
Asia's current financial crisis on Indonesia's family planning program.
"This paper both questions and confirms the notion that the
Indonesian family planning programme is in
trouble."
Correspondence: T. H. Hull, Australian
National University, Research School of Social Sciences, Demography
Program, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia. Location: University
of Queensland, Queensland, Australia.
65:30324 Magnani, Robert J.; Hotchkiss, David
R.; Florence, Curtis S.; Shafer, Leigh A. The impact of
the family planning supply environment on contraceptive intentions and
use in Morocco. Studies in Family Planning, Vol. 30, No. 2, Jun
1999. 120-32 pp. New York, New York. In Eng.
"Although the
extent to which organized family planning programs influence
reproductive preferences remains a subject of debate, most observers
would grant that such programs play a key role in helping individuals
to realize their contraceptive and reproductive intentions. However,
few prior studies have quantified the magnitude of this facilitating or
enabling effect of family planning services, given existing demand for
contraception. This study takes advantage of panel survey data and
linked information on the supply environment for family planning
services in Morocco in order to bridge this research gap. In the
analysis, contraceptive use during the 1992-95 period is related to
contraceptive intentions in 1992; individual-, household-, and
community-level determinants of contraceptive behavior; and family
planning supply factors.... Evidence of a significant enabling or
facilitating role of family planning services is found, and the results
also suggest that family planning programs factors influence
contraceptive intentions in important
ways."
Correspondence: R. J. Magnani, Tulane
University Medical Center, School of Public Health and Tropical
Medicine, Department of International Health and Development, 1440
Canal Street, Suite 2200, New Orleans, LA 70112. E-mail:
magnani@mailhost.tcs.tulane.edu. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
65:30325 Phillips, James F.; Greene, Wendy L.;
Jackson, Elizabeth F. Lessons from community-based
distribution of family planning in Africa. Policy Research
Division Working Paper, No. 121, 1999. 102 pp. Population Council: New
York, New York. In Eng.
"This paper reviews findings and
experiences from efforts to implement community-based family planning
services in sub-Saharan Africa.... Reasons for the constrained impact
of community-based family planning in Africa are reviewed and
assumptions about the efficacy and mechanism of community-based
distribution (CBD) are discussed."
Correspondence:
Population Council, Policy Research Division, One Dag Hammarskjold
Plaza, New York, NY 10017. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
65:30326 Rinehart, Ward; Rudy, Sharon;
Drennan, Megan. GATHER guide to counseling.
Population Reports, Series J: Family Planning Programs, Vol. 26, No. 4,
Dec 1998. 32 pp. Johns Hopkins University, Center for Communication
Programs, Population Information Program [PIP]: Baltimore, Maryland. In
Eng.
"The acronym GATHER stands for Greet, Ask, Tell, Help,
Explain, and Return.... [This] new 32-page, color-coded guide includes
the latest medical eligibility criteria for each contraceptive method
developed by the World Health Organization and other international
experts. Each GATHER element has its own 2-page pull-out chart for
display or quick reference. The guide also includes suggested training
exercises and discussions, examples of dialogue that counselors can
adopt, and a checklist for providers to rate themselves on each GATHER
element."
Correspondence: Johns Hopkins University,
Center for Communication Programs, Population Information Program, 111
Market Place, Suite 310, Baltimore, MD 21202-4012. E-mail:
PopRepts@welchlink.welch.jhu.edu. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
65:30327 Stout, Susan; Evans, Alison; Nassim,
Janet; Raney, Laura. Evaluating health projects: lessons
from the literature. World Bank Discussion Paper, No. 356, ISBN
0-8213-3881-1. 1997. xi, 118 pp. World Bank: Washington, D.C. In Eng.
"This paper reviews lessons from the literature on approaches
to the evaluation of health programs and policies.... The paper
describes how an assessment of the [World] Bank's experience in the
sector might be undertaken. The underlying thesis is that changes in
health policy and improved health outcomes depend on the institutional
incentives that drive health care system performance and on the demand
for health services."
Correspondence: World Bank,
Publications Sales Unit, Department F, 1818 H Street NW, Washington,
D.C. 20433. Location: World Bank, Joint Bank-Fund Library,
African Development Centre, Washington, D.C.
Studies concerned with the interrelations between fertility control and attitudinal variables, including studies on wanted and unwanted pregnancy and children, motivation for parenthood, sex preference, and voluntary childlessness. Studies on knowledge, attitudes, and practice (KAP) of family planning and attitudes toward family size are classified under this heading.
65:30328 Agnew, Christopher R.
Power over interdependent behavior within the dyad: who decides
what a couple does? In: Advances in population: psychosocial
perspectives, Volume 3, edited by Lawrence J. Severy and Warren Miller.
1999. 163-88 pp. Jessica Kingsley Publishers: Philadelphia,
Pennsylvania/London, England. In Eng.
This chapter examines the
underpinnings of a specific class of human behaviors, identified as
interdependent behaviors, in the context of the formulation developed
by Kurt Lewin that behavior is a function of the person and the
environment. "Psychologists interested in population issues will
find that many population-relevant behaviors fall into this class,
including a central fertility behavior (sexual intercourse) and an
important contraceptive behavior (condom use). While at first glance
interdependent behaviors may seem difficult to elucidate within Lewin's
formula, it is hoped that the reader will come to recognize the utility
of adopting this social psychological
approach."
Correspondence: C. R. Agnew, Purdue
University, Department of Psychological Sciences, West Lafayette, IN
47907. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:30329 Asari, V. Gopalakrishnan; John,
C. Determinants of desired family size in Kerala.
Demography India, Vol. 27, No. 2, Jul-Dec 1998. 369-81 pp. Delhi,
India. In Eng.
The aims of this study are "to study the change
in desired and actual family size [in Kerala, India] during the last 15
years at two points of time [and] to study the determinants of desired
family size in terms of socio-economic (education, occupation,
religion, contraceptive practice, etc.) and demographic (age at
marriage, sex, no. children born, etc.) factors." Data are from
two surveys conducted in 1972 and 1988.
Correspondence: V.
G. Asari, University of Kerala, Population Research Centre,
Kariavattom, Thiruvananthapuram 695 581, India. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:30330 Basu, Bharati; Bechtold,
Brigitte. Endogenous determination of parenting
preferences by interaction of an internal and an external game.
Review of Radical Political Economics, Vol. 30, No. 2, Spring 1998.
31-45 pp. Greenwich, Connecticut. In Eng.
"Marriage partners'
parenting preferences are shown to be determined by an internal (within
the household) game, the outcome of which is influenced by
`extra-environmental parameters' in the form of an external game
between outside gender-based interest groups and the
government."
Correspondence: B. Basu, Central Michigan
University, Department of Economics, Mount Pleasant, MI 48859. E-mail:
b.basu@cmich.edu. Location: Princeton University Library
(FST).
65:30331 Cákiová, Eva.
Survey on family and reproduction. [Setrení rodiny a
reprodukce.] Demografie, Vol. 41, No. 2, 1999. 85-94 pp. Prague, Czech
Republic. In Cze. with sum. in Eng.
"This article acquaints
readers with the results of the Survey on Family and reproduction
carried out by the Czech Statistical Office in 1998. The survey
included 1,735 women between 15-44 years and 721 of their partners....
The respondents expressed their views on social and population policy,
views and attitudes to marriage and family, connecting value
orientation and real situation of their own family and partner's
relations.... Views and attitudes of people on these problems are
especially influenced by their age and, above all, by their educational
attainment."
Correspondence: E. Cákiová,
Ceský Statistický Úrad, v nakladatelství
GTA, Kostelní 42, 170 78 Prague 7, Czech Republic. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:30332 Eggleston, Elizabeth; Jackson, Jean;
Hardee, Karen. Sexual attitudes and behavior among young
adolescents in Jamaica. International Family Planning
Perspectives, Vol. 25, No. 2, Jun 1999. 78-84, 91 pp. New York, New
York. In Eng. with sum. in Spa; Fre.
"Data from a 1995 survey
of 945 Jamaican students aged 11-14 and information from a set of
focus-group discussions with a subset of survey respondents in 1996 are
used to explore the reproductive behavior and attitudes of low-income
Jamaican youth attending schools of poor academic caliber....
Sixty-four percent of boys said they had experienced sexual
intercourse, compared to 6% of girls. Both boys and girls had
inaccurate knowledge about reproductive health and behavior.... The
sexual attitudes and behavior of young adolescents in Jamaica have
already been significantly shaped by sociocultural and gender norms
that send mixed messages about sexuality and impose different standards
of behavior for boys and girls."
This paper was originally
presented at the 1997 Annual Meeting of the Population Association of
America.
Correspondence: E. Eggleston, Family Health
International, Women's Studies Division, P.O. Box 13950, Research
Triangle Park, NC 27709. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
65:30333 Evina, Akam; Ngoy, Kishimba.
Fertility, family planning, and the crisis in an urban environment
in Cameroon: the case of a mid-size town, Edéa.
[Fécondité, planification familiale et crise en milieu
urbain camerounais: le cas d'une ville moyenne, Edéa.]
Universités Francophones, Actualité Scientifique, 1998.
393-404 pp. Editions ESTEM: Paris, France; Université des
Réseaux d'Expression Française [UREF]: Paris, France;
Association des Universités Partiellement ou Entièrement
de Langue Française [AUPELF]: Paris, France. In Fre.
The
demographic effect of the economic crisis that has affected Cameroon
since 1987 is examined using the example of the town of Edéa.
Data are from a socio-demographic survey carried out by the Institut de
Formation et de Recherche Démographiques [IFORD] in 1994. The
results indicate that the crisis is significantly affecting demographic
behavior in the town. Some examples of its impact are declining family
solidarity, changing attitudes toward family size favoring smaller
families, and increasing use of family planning to limit fertility
rather than to space births.
Correspondence: A. Evina,
Institut de Formation et de Recherche Démographiques, B.P. 1556,
Yaoundé, Cameroon. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
65:30334 Gupta, Hari S. Sex
preference and fertility in Haryana. Population Geography, Vol.
18, No. 1-2, Jun-Dec 1996. 37-46 pp. Chandigarh, India. In Eng.
"The present paper is an attempt to analyze the variation of
sex preference in the State of Haryana [India] among various age groups
and further its impact on fertility behaviour.... The study further
[examines] whether in the Indian system [of] family planning measures,
sex ratio of desired additional children may be taken as a basis for
the measurement of overall effect of sex preference on
fertility."
Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
65:30335 Jaccard, James; Dittus, Patricia J.;
Litardo, Harold A. Parent-adolescent communication about
sex and birth control: implications for parent based interventions to
reduce unintended adolescent pregnancy. In: Advances in
population: psychosocial perspectives, Volume 3, edited by Lawrence J.
Severy and Warren Miller. 1999. 189-227 pp. Jessica Kingsley
Publishers: Philadelphia, Pennsylvania/London, England. In Eng.
This chapter discusses educational efforts aimed at the parents of
teens with the goal of reducing risky adolescent sexual behavior.
Specifically, the authors "present data from an in depth study of
approximately 750 inner city African American adolescents and their
mothers living in Philadelphia [Pennsylvania]. The data highlight both
the challenges and the potential of parent based intervention efforts
and address four main questions: 1. Are parents sensitive to when their
adolescents become sexually active?... 2. Do parents have accurate
knowledge about reproduction and contraception?... 3. Are parents
willing to engage their adolescents in discussions about sex?... [and]
4. Do parents have an impact on their adolescent's sexual beliefs and
behaviors?" The authors also introduce a parent-education program
they have developed.
Correspondence: J. Jaccard, State
University of New York, Department of Psychology, Albany, NY 12222.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:30336 Krishna Reddy, M. M. Two
child family norms in rural India: problems and prospects. ISBN
81-7391-195-9. 1997. xvii, 266 pp. Kanishka Publishers, Distributors:
New Delhi, India. In Eng.
This study is an attempt to establish the
extent to which the two-child family norm is a viable objective in
contemporary rural India. The author notes that rural people,
particularly in less-well-developed regions, still hope to have at
least one and preferably two male children. However, there is
widespread evidence of changing attitudes between generations; younger
couples are more willing to accept family planning once they have two
children, regardless of the sex of those
children.
Correspondence: Kanishka Publishers,
Distributors, 4697/5-21A, Ansari Road, Darya Ganj, New Delhi 110 002,
India. Location: Columbia University Library, New York, NY.
65:30337 Kritz, Mary M.; Makinwa-Adebusoye,
Paulina. Couple differences in family planning approval
and sources of variation: the role of ethnicity and wife's authority in
Nigeria. Population and Development Program Working Papers Series,
No. 98.07, [1998]. 14, [8] pp. Cornell University, Department of Rural
Sociology, Population and Development Program: Ithaca, New York. In
Eng.
The authors "empirically [assess] four questions: how
husbands and wives in five Nigerian ethnic groups...differ in their
attitudes toward reproduction, in general, and approval of family
planning, in particular; whether the correlates of family planning
approval differ for husbands and wives and vary by ethnicity; to what
extent husbands' and wives' characteristics influence their mate's
approval of family planning; and whether wife's decision-making
authority within the household affects attitudes toward family
planning."
Correspondence: Cornell University,
Department of Rural Sociology, 134 Warren Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853-7801.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:30338 Noumbissi, Amadou; Sanderson,
Jean-Paul. Communication between spouses on family
planning in Cameroon. The couple's norms and strategies concerning
fertility. [La communication entre conjoints sur la planification
familiale au Cameroun. Les normes et les stratégies du couple en
matière de fécondité.] Population, Vol. 54, No. 1,
Jan-Feb 1999. 131-44 pp. Paris, France. In Fre.
This study is
concerned with African couples' norms and values and how they affect
decision making within the family on fertility matters. Data are from
the Enquête Démographique et de Santé, a survey in
the DHS series carried out in 1991. The authors compare the woman's
norms and values concerning fertility with those of her husband, and
construct a typology of couples that includes socioeconomic
characteristics as well as norms and values. The authors then analyze
the relationship between the typology and actual fertility. The
relative importance of husbands' and wives' input regarding fertility
decisions is assessed.
Correspondence: A. Noumbissi,
Université Catholique de Louvain, Institut de
Démographie, 1 place Montesquieu, B.P. 17, 1348
Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
65:30339 Piccinino, Linda; Peterson, Linda
S. Ambivalent attitudes and unintended pregnancy. In:
Advances in population: psychosocial perspectives, Volume 3, edited by
Lawrence J. Severy and Warren Miller. 1999. 227-49 pp. Jessica Kingsley
Publishers: Philadelphia, Pennsylvania/London, England. In Eng.
"This chapter examines a series of experimental scaled items
designed to detect young women's ambivalent attitudes toward getting
pregnant, revealed through collecting their ratings of discordant
statements on feelings about their pregnancies. We document underlying
contradictions in women's attitudes about getting pregnant which may
help us learn about the cognitive context in which a pregnancy is
conceived." Data are from the 1995 National Survey of Family
Growth and concern the United States. The relevance of the ambivalence
toward pregnancy for the effective use of contraception is
discussed.
Correspondence: L. Piccinino, U.S. National
Center for Health Statistics, Family Growth Survey Branch, 6525
Belcrest Road, Hyattsville, MD 20782-2003. E-mail: nchsquery@cdc.gov.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:30340 Stein, Dorothy.
Reproductive politics and the Cairo conference. Contention,
Vol. 5, No. 2, Winter 1996. 37-58 pp. Bloomington, Indiana. In Eng.
The author argues "(1) that the assumption that people in
general, and women in particular, must be bribed or coerced to lower
their birth rates lies behind such disparate views as the belief that
`development is the best contraceptive', and feminist hostility to
family planning programs; (2) that the well-being of women (not to
mention children, who are never mentioned) is enhanced by fewer
pregnancies and smaller family sizes; and (3) that women themselves,
despite all the pronatalist pressures on them, if given freedom and
power, prefer to bear and rear only a small number of
children."
Location: Princeton University Library
(FST).
65:30341 Stycos, J. Mayone.
Adolescent attitudes toward family size in India: the impact of
gender, culture, and values. Population and Development Program
Working Papers Series, No. 98.04, Oct 1998. 14 pp. Cornell University,
Department of Rural Sociology, Population and Development Program:
Ithaca, New York. In Eng.
"A questionnaire containing items on
desired family size was administered to about 15,000 secondary school
students in three states of India.... Multiple regression analysis
showed that culture (state), sex education, and general values
regarding male dominance and religion were the key explanatory
variables."
Correspondence: Cornell University,
Department of Rural Sociology, 134 Warren Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853-7801.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:30342 Stycos, J. Mayone.
Gender differences in attitudes toward family size: a survey of
Indian adolescents. Population and Development Program Working
Papers Series, No. 98.03, 1998. 8, [7] pp. Cornell University,
Department of Rural Sociology, Population and Development Program:
Ithaca, New York. In Eng.
The author explores gender differences in
attitudes toward family size, using data from a survey of secondary
school children in Uttar Pradesh, India.
Correspondence:
Cornell University, Department of Rural Sociology, 134 Warren
Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853-7801. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
65:30343 Westoff, Charles F.; Bankole,
Akinrinola. Mass media and reproductive behavior in
Pakistan, India, and Bangladesh. DHS Analytical Report, No. 10,
May 1999. ix, 32 pp. Macro International, Demographic and Health
Surveys [DHS]: Calverton, Maryland. In Eng.
"The central
question addressed in this research is whether regular exposure to the
mass media, especially to radio and television, influences family
planning attitudes and behavior.... The data are based on five national
samples of women of reproductive age: Pakistan in 1990-91 and in
1994-95, India in 1992-93, and Bangladesh in 1993-94 and
1996-97."
Correspondence: Macro International,
Demographic and Health Surveys, 11785 Beltsville Drive, Calverton, MD
20705-3119. E-mail: reports@macroint.com. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
65:30344 Williams, Lindy; Piccinino, Linda;
Abma, Joyce. Pregnancy wantedness: attitude stability over
time. Population and Development Program Working Papers Series,
No. 98.06, [1998]. 8, [16] pp. Cornell University, Department of Rural
Sociology, Population and Development Program: Ithaca, New York. In
Eng.
"Using data from the 1988 round of the [U.S.] National
Survey of Family Growth and from a 1990 telephone reinterview of the
1988 NSFG respondents, we compare two retrospective reports of the same
pregnancy.... This study is intended to ascertain not only how
consistent the respondent was in reporting her own attitudes, but also
to determine how stable her reports were of her husband's or partner's
preferences. The design allows us to test directly what thus far has
been largely speculative, the level of attitude stability over time in
retrospective data on pregnancy
wantedness."
Correspondence: Cornell University,
Department of Rural Sociology, 134 Warren Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853-7801.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:30345 Yana, Simon D. Economic
crisis and family characteristics: a study of attitudes toward marriage
and reproduction in Cameroon. [Conjoncture économique et
constitution de la famille: une étude des représentations
du mariage et de la procréation au Cameroun.] Universités
Francophones, Actualité Scientifique, 1998. 377-92 pp. Editions
ESTEM: Paris, France; Université des Réseaux d'Expression
Française [UREF]: Paris, France; Association des
Universités Partiellement ou Entièrement de Langue
Française [AUPELF]: Paris, France. In Fre.
The author
presents evidence of the effect of economic constraints on attitudes
toward marriage and fertility in Benin using data on 74 individuals
from the Bamiléké and Bëti ethnic groups in both
rural and urban areas who were interviewed in 1991 and 1992. The
results indicate that individual perceptions of a country's
socioeconomic situation affect attitudes toward fertility and family
characteristics, and are useful indicators of future trends in these
areas. Such changes in attitude are particularly evident with regard to
family planning and polygamy. Furthermore, these indicators are present
before any changes can be measured using traditional demographic
methods.
Correspondence: S. D. Yana, Université de
Montréal, Département de Démographie, C.P. 6128,
Succursale Centre-Ville, Montreal, Quebec H3C 3J7, Canada.
Yanas@ere.umontreal.ca. Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
65:30346 Zavier, Francis; Nair, Sukumari
N. Regret after sterilisation: a socio-demographic
analysis in South India. Demography India, Vol. 27, No. 2, Jul-Dec
1998. 383-400 pp. Delhi, India. In Eng.
"The aim of the
present study is to find out the social and demographic factors leading
to regret after sterilisation in [the] southern region of India [using
data from the] National Family Health Survey (NFHS, 1992-93)....
Although in [most] developing countries, regret [following]
sterilisation is due to the desire for more children, [this] pattern is
not true in the case of South India, except Kerala. In general, the
regret is due to the side effects of sterilisation in South India....
Among the four states selected, [the] sex combination of children is
[a] major factor affecting the regret after
sterilisation."
Correspondence: F. Zavier, University
of Kerala, Department of Demography, Trivandrum 695 034, India.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
Studies on induced abortion, including those on attitudes, with the exception of studies primarily concerned with government regulation of abortion, which are coded under M.2. Measures Affecting Fertility. Studies of spontaneous abortion appear under F.3. Sterility and Other Pathology.
65:30347 Babu, N. Phanindra; Nidhi; Verma,
Ravi K. Abortion in India: What does the National Family
Health Survey tell us? Journal of Family Welfare, Vol. 44, No. 4,
Dec 1998. 45-54 pp. Mumbai, India. In Eng.
Data from the 1992-1993
India National Family Health Survey (NFHS) are analyzed, with the aim
of examining "1. state-wide variations in the extent of induced
and spontaneous abortions; 2. the effect of socio-economic and
demographic factors on the acceptance of induced abortion; 3.
state-wise variations in the incidence of repeated abortion; and 4. the
associated social, economic and demographic characteristics of women
seeking repeated abortions."
Correspondence: N. P.
Babu, International Institute for Population Sciences, Department of
Extramural Studies and Distance Education, Govandi Station Road,
Deonar, Mumbai 400 088, India. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
65:30348 Baird, Barbara. Abortion
politics, Australia, 1998. Australian Feminist Studies, Vol. 13,
No. 28, Oct 1998. 295-338 pp. Carfax Publishing: Abingdon, England. In
Eng.
This section contains four articles on abortion politics in
Australia. "In mid-February [1998] two doctors from one of the two
private abortion clinics in Perth, Western Australia, were charged
under provisions of the WA Criminal Code which refer to abortion.
Australian Feminist Studies decided to respond quickly to the political
struggles over abortion that have ensued by commissioning and
publishing [a] special section about contemporary abortion politics in
Australia which focuses on the WA situation, and also goes beyond
it."
Selected items will be cited in this or subsequent issues
of Population Index.
Correspondence: B. Baird, University
of Adelaide, Department of Social Inquiry, Level 3, Tower Building, 10
Pulteney Street, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia. Location:
Cornell University Library, Ithaca, NY.
65:30349 Bankole, Akinrinola; Singh, Susheela;
Haas, Taylor. Characteristics of women who obtain induced
abortion: a worldwide review. International Family Planning
Perspectives, Vol. 25, No. 2, Jun 1999. 68-77 pp. New York, New York.
In Eng. with sum. in Spa; Fre.
"Data from government
statistics, nationally representative sample surveys and subnational
sources are used to estimate percentage distributions of abortions and
abortion rates and ratios by selected characteristics of women,
particularly age at abortion, marital status and parity. Comparisons
are made within and across countries.... Women aged 40 and older
generally obtain the lowest proportion of abortions (10% or fewer in
most countries).... In more than half of the countries studied, married
women obtain a larger portion of abortions than unmarried women.
However, once pregnant, unmarried women are more likely than married
women to choose abortion. More than half of abortions are obtained by
women with at least one child. Some variations exist in these patterns
by region."
Correspondence: A. Bankole, Alan
Guttmacher Institute, 120 Wall Street, New York, NY 10005.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:30350 Barbour, Charles A.; Shughart,
William F. Legal institutions and abortion rates in
Mississippi. Cato Journal, Vol. 18, No. 1, Spring-Summer 1998.
119-29 pp. Washington, D.C. In Eng.
The authors discuss reasons for
the decline in rates of induced abortion in Mississippi. "Evidence
from the State of Mississippi suggests that legal obstacles to abortion
have a dramatic impact on both abortion rates and birth rates.... Our
analysis suggests that abortion rates have fallen because fewer women
are choosing to become pregnant and, among those who do, fewer are
choosing to have abortions. Hence, if, in President Clinton's words,
one wants abortions to be `safe, legal, and rare,' laws making them
more costly are a way of promoting that
goal."
Correspondence: W. F. Shughart II, University
of Mississippi, Department of Economics, Lafayette County, MS 38677.
Location: Princeton University Library (FST).
65:30351 Blayo, Chantal. Dying
from abortion: political and social factors. [Mourir d'avortement:
facteurs politiques et sociaux.] In: Morbidité,
Mortalité: Problèmes de Mesure, Facteurs d'Evolution,
Essai de Prospective. Colloque international de Sinaia (2-6 septembre
1996). 1998. 318-26 pp. Association Internationale des
Démographes de Langue Française [AIDELF]: Paris, France;
Presses Universitaires de France: Paris, France. In Fre.
This is a
general review of the global situation concerning abortion mortality.
The author notes that the World Health Organization currently estimates
that some 70,000 women currently die each year from this cause, nearly
all as a result of illegal abortions undertaken in unsafe conditions.
She notes that the risk of dying from an abortion is closely linked to
its legal status and to the application of abortion laws. She concludes
that mortality from this cause could be virtually eliminated at a very
low cost, and without any need for medical or technological advances,
if the relevant laws were changed and barriers of cost and service
accessibility reduced to a minimum.
Correspondence: C.
Blayo, Université Montesquieu Bordeaux IV, avenue
Léon-Duguit, 33608 Pessac, France. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
65:30352 Davenport, Cheryl.
Achieving abortion law reform in Western Australia. Australian
Feminist Studies, Vol. 13, No. 28, Oct 1998. 299-304 pp. Abingdon,
England. In Eng.
The author provides "a brief history of the
abortion laws in Western Australia up to and including the presentation
of my Private Member's Bill and its extraordinary passage through both
Houses of Parliament."
Location: Cornell University
Library, Ithaca, NY.
65:30353 Ginsburg, Faye D.
Contested lives: the abortion debate in an American community.
ISBN 0-520-21735-7. LC 98-216765. 1998. xxxviii, 315 pp. University of
California Press: Berkeley, California/London, England. In Eng.
This is a revised and updated edition of a book originally
published in 1989, which examines the conflict that has taken place in
the United States over the issue of abortion by focusing on the
struggle that took place in Fargo, North Dakota, over an abortion
clinic. "Taking the vantage point of this isolated upper Midwest
clinic, the [book] traces the stigma attached to abortion that
undermines its availability as fewer and fewer clinics, hospitals,
doctors, and medical schools are willing to offer the procedure or
training in its delivery. As a result, there are no abortion providers
in 84 percent of U.S. counties. While the number of abortions per year
has remained stable over the last quarter century at around 1.5 million
(with a small decline in recent years), few doctors know how to do
abortions and less than 12 percent of OB-GYN training programs
routinely teach their residents how to carry out this procedure."
Particular attention is given to the rise of antiabortion violence and
to the dangers faced by abortion providers.
Correspondence:
University of California Press, 2120 Berkeley Way, Berkeley, CA
94720. Location: U.S. Library of Congress, Washington, D.C.
65:30354 Kirkby, Margaret.
Western Australia's new abortion laws: restrictive and reinforcing
the power of the medical profession and the state over women's bodies
and lives. Australian Feminist Studies, Vol. 13, No. 28, Oct 1998.
305-12 pp. Abingdon, England. In Eng.
The author assesses the
Davenport Bill, which was introduced in Western Australia's legislative
council in an attempt to change abortion law. "However, in the
course of the bill's subsequent progression through both houses of
Parliament, a great many changes were made. I argue that the result of
these changes and trade-offs has been a highly compromised piece of
legislation.... In particular I am concerned that the legislation
creates a process wherein all WA women will now need to see two doctors
before they can terminate a pregnancy and that there is likely to be a
reduction of access for women under 16 and for women who require a
late-term abortion. I argue that, overall, the final version of the
Davenport Bill will result in less access to abortion for WA
women...."
Correspondence: M. Kirkby, Women's Abortion
Action Campaign, P.O. Box A2233, Sydney South, NSW 2000, Australia.
Location: Cornell University Library, Ithaca, NY.
65:30355 Koonin, Lisa M.; Strauss, Lilo T.;
Chrisman, Camaryn E.; Montalbano, Myra A.; Bartlett, Linda A.; Smith,
Jack C. Abortion surveillance--United States, 1996.
Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, Vol. 48, No. SS-4, Jul 30, 1999.
iv, 44 pp. U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC]:
Atlanta, Georgia. In Eng.
"This report summarizes and reviews
information reported to CDC regarding legal induced abortions obtained
in the United States in 1996. This report also includes recently
reported abortion-related deaths that occurred in 1992.... From 1990
through 1995, the number of abortions declined each year; in 1996, the
number of abortions in the United States stabilized. As in previous
years, deaths related to legal induced abortions occurred rarely (i.e.,
approximately one death per 100,000 legal induced
abortions)."
Correspondence: Centers for Disease
Control and Prevention, Epidemiology Program Office, Division of
Surveillance and Epidemiology, 1600 Clifton Road, MSC08, Atlanta, GA
30333. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:30356 Okonofua, Friday E.; Odimegwu,
Clifford; Ajabor, Helen; Daru, Patrick H.; Johnson, Agnes.
Assessing the prevalence and determinants of unwanted pregnancy and
induced abortion in Nigeria. Studies in Family Planning, Vol. 30,
No. 1, Mar 1999. 67-77 pp. New York, New York. In Eng.
"This
study was conducted to determine the prevalence and sociodemographic
determinants of unwanted pregnancy and induced abortion in the Jos and
Ife local government areas of Nigeria. A total of 1,516 randomly
selected women aged 15-45 responded to a pretested structured
questionnaire designed to elicit information concerning previous
unwanted pregnancies and induced abortions in a value-free manner.
Nearly 20 percent of the women reported having had an unwanted
pregnancy. Of these, 58 percent reported that they had successfully
terminated the pregnancies; 32 percent continued the pregnancies; and
nearly 9 percent stated that they had attempted termination but failed.
Overall, the prevalence of self-reports of induced abortion was 11
percent."
Correspondence: F. E. Okonofua, Women's
Health and Action Research Centre, 4 Alofoje Street, Off Uwasota
Street, P.O. Box 10231, Ugbowo, Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:30357 Ortiz Ortega, Adriana.
Facts and opinions about abortion: a contribution to the
debate. [Razones y pasiones en torno al aborto: una
contribución al debate.] ISBN 968-409-797-2. 1994. xiii, 334 pp.
EDAMEX: Mexico City, Mexico; Population Council: New York, New York. In
Spa.
This is a collective work on aspects of induced abortion in
Mexico, and includes contributions from both sides of the debate on the
need to legalize abortion in the country. There are chapters on moral,
human rights, and philosophical aspects; juridical aspects; public
policy and abortion; attitudes about abortion; feminist perspectives;
medical considerations; bioethical factors; pro-life perspectives; and
the fact that the women concerned have the final say about
abortion.
Correspondence: EDAMEX, Heriberto Frías
1104, Colonia del Valle, Mexico 03100, Mexico. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:30358 Ripper, Margie; Ryan,
Lyndall. The role of the "withdrawal method" in
the control of abortion. Australian Feminist Studies, Vol. 13, No.
28, Oct 1998. 313-21 pp. Abingdon, England. In Eng.
"[This]
story can be read at a number of levels. It puts on record the
extraordinary sequence of events that culminated in the withdrawal by
the National Health and Medical Research Council (NH&MRC) in
February of 1998 of the Report that it commissioned in 1992 on
termination of pregnancy services in Australia. Lessons can be learned
from this story about the difficulty (perhaps current impossibility) of
transcending moral discourses when considering abortion. Also it
illustrates the centrality of gender power in the contest about who is
`expert' in the highly prestigious medical
arena."
Correspondence: M. Ripper, University of
Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia. Location: Cornell
University Library, Ithaca, NY.
Studies on lactation, nutrition, fecundability, sex behavior, menarche and menopause, and other biological factors or social customs as they affect fertility directly. Factors affecting contraceptive practice and factors affecting fertility indirectly are not included here.
65:30359 Collins, William P.
Self, laboratory and clinical tests of potential fertility.
Genus, Vol. 54, No. 3-4, Jul-Dec 1998. 143-51 pp. Rome, Italy. In Eng.
with sum. in Ita; Fre.
"This review provides a psychological
background to the introduction of a personal monitor for locating the
start and finish of potential fertility during the menstrual cycle. The
temporal relationship between indices of potential fertility and the
day specific probability of conception are described. The new test
system primarily involves the measurement of defined changes in the
concentration of estrone glucuronide (EG) and luteinizing hormone (LH)
in samples of early morning urine according to an adaptive
algorithm."
Correspondence: W. P. Collins, Kings
College, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Diagnostics Research Unit,
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Denmark Hill, London SE5 8RX,
England. E-mail: w.collins@kcl.ac.uk. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
65:30360 Smith, Tom W. The
demography of sexual behavior. Sexuality and American Social
Policy, Vol. 1, ISBN 0-944525-15-6. 1994. xxii, 84 pp. Henry J. Kaiser
Family Foundation: Menlo Park, California. In Eng.
This is the
first in a "series of 12 seminars that will examine how sexual
behavior [in the United States] affects teen pregnancy, abortion, the
spread of HIV, welfare, and other social problems with which society
and government must deal.... In this paper we will outline what is
currently known about American sexual behavior. Attention will focus on
(1) trends and (2) socio-demographic differences within the following
areas: Premarital and adolescent sexual activity, including
cohabitation and nonmarital births; Adult and general sexual behavior,
including extramarital relations, gender of sexual partners, frequency
of sexual intercourse, and sexual inactivity; The impact of AIDS on
sexual behavior, including reported changes in sexual behavior, number
of sexual partners, relationships between sexual partners,
prostitution, and the use of condoms."
Correspondence:
Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation, 2400 Sand Hill Road, Suite 100,
Menlo Park, CA 94025-6944. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
65:30361 Taskin, Lale. Major
barriers to breastfeeding: education and urbanization. Turkish
Journal of Population Studies/Nüfusbilim Dergisi, Vol. 20, 1998.
31-41 pp. Ankara, Turkey. In Eng. with sum. in Tur.
"In light
of data derived from the 1993 Turkish Demography and Health Survey,
this study was planned to clarify the problems regarding breastfeeding
and explores [the] status of children still breastfeeding at 12-23
months, along with the reasons for weaning and the median month for
introducing supplementation.... According to the results obtained from
the study, it is found that `breastfeeding status', `insufficient milk'
as a reason of weaning, and the median month for starting supplementary
food are closely related to place of residence and educational
status."
Correspondence: L. Taskin, Hacettepe
University School of Nursing, Ankara, Turkey. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:30362 Weinberg, Clarice R.; Wilcox, A. J.;
Baird, D. D.; Gladen, B. B. The probability of conception
as related to the timing of intercourse around ovulation. Genus,
Vol. 54, No. 3-4, Jul-Dec 1998. 129-42 pp. Rome, Italy. In Eng. with
sum. in Ita; Fre.
The authors investigate "the relationship
between the timing of intercourse relative to ovulation and the
likelihood of conception.... This paper reports estimates based on a
prospective study carried out in North Carolina...." Results
indicate that "the maximum single day probability of conception is
0.37. The probability may be nil except during the 6-day interval
ending on the day of ovulation. A parametric model yields half-lives of
25.6 hours for the sperm, and 1.2 hours for the ovum. Heterogeneity in
fecundability among couples was evident and future statistical models
should account for this heterogeneity."
Correspondence:
C. R. Weinberg, National Institute of Environmental Health
Sciences, Statistics and Biomathematics Branch, P.O. Box 12233,
Research Triangle Park, NC 27709. E-mail: weinberg@pogo.niehs.nih.gov.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
Studies on nonmarital fertility, including illegitimacy. Studies of common-law marriage and other forms of cohabitation or voluntary single parenthood are coded under G.1. Marriage and Divorce or G.2. Family and Household.
65:30363 Cerda-Flores, Ricardo M.; Barton,
Sara A.; Marty-Gonzalez, Luisa F.; Rivas, Fernando; Chakraborty,
Ranajit. Estimation of nonpaternity in the Mexican
population of Nuevo Leon: a validation study with blood group
markers. American Journal of Physical Anthropology, Vol. 109, No.
3, Jul 1999. 281-93 pp. New York, New York. In Eng.
"A method
for estimating the general rate of nonpaternity in a population was
validated using phenotype data on seven blood groups...on 396 mother,
child, and legal father trios from Nuevo Léon, Mexico.... The
maximum likelihood estimate of the general nonpaternity rate in the
population was 0.118 +/- 0.020. The nonpaternity rates in Nuevo
Léon were also seen to be inversely related with the
socioeconomic status of the families, i.e., the highest in the low and
the lowest in the high socioeconomic class.... We conclude that even
though DNA markers are more informative, the probabilistic approach
developed here would still be needed to estimate the true rate of
nonpaternity in a population or to evaluate the precision of detecting
true fathers."
Correspondence: R. Chakraborty,
University of Texas School of Public Health, Human Genetics Center,
P.O. Box 20334, Houston, TX 77225. E-mail: rc@hgc9.sph.uth.tmc.edu.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:30364 Mensch, Barbara S.; Bagah, Daniel;
Clark, Wesley H.; Binka, Fred. The changing nature of
adolescence in the Kassena-Nankana district of northern Ghana.
Studies in Family Planning, Vol. 30, No. 2, Jun 1999. 95-111 pp. New
York, New York. In Eng.
"This study reports the results of a
primarily qualitative investigation of adolescent reproductive behavior
in the Kassena-Nankana District, an isolated rural area in northern
Ghana, where traditional patterns of marriage, family formation, and
social organization persist.... The social environment that adolescent
boys and girls in the Kassena-Nankana District encounter and its links
to reproductive behavior are described. The principal question is
whether even in this remote rural area, the social environment has been
altered in ways that have undermined traditional sexual and
reproductive patterns. The survey data indicate a considerable increase
in girls' education and the beginning of a decline in the incidence of
early marriage. The qualitative data suggest that social institutions,
systems, and practices such as female circumcision that previously
structured the lives of adolescent boys and girls have eroded, leading
to an apparent increase in premarital sexual activity."
This is
a revised version of a paper originally presented at the 1998 Annual
Meeting of the Population Association of
America.
Correspondence: B. S. Mensch, Population Council,
Policy Research Division, One Dag Hammarskjold Plaza, New York, NY
10017. E-mail: bmensch@popcouncil.org. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
65:30365 Munoz-Pérez, Francisco;
Prioux, France. A survey in the civil registration
registers: filiation and changing status of children born outside
marriage. [Une enquête dans les registres d'état
civil: filiation et devenir des enfants nés hors mariage.]
Population, Vol. 54, No. 2, Mar-Apr 1999. 251-70 pp. Paris, France. In
Fre. with sum. in Eng; Spa.
"Cohabitation in France has
developed to the point at which roughly four in ten children are now
born outside marriage. A survey based on direct sampling of the civil
registration registers was conducted...to increase our understanding of
the situation of these children at birth--filiation, name--and of the
changes that occur as they get older.... The survey covers seven
generations of children born between 1965 and 1994, who were observed
from birth up to the time of the survey which was completed in 1997....
This article sets out the methods used in the survey and the
difficulties that arose from the special character of the information
collected."
Correspondence: F. Munoz-Pérez,
Institut National d'Études Démogaphiques, 133 boulevard
Davout, 75980 Paris Cedex 20, France. E-mail: munoz@ined.fr.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:30366 Oettinger, Gerald S. The
effects of sex education on teen sexual activity and teen
pregnancy. Journal of Political Economy, Vol. 107, No. 3, Jun
1999. 606-44 pp. Chicago, Illinois. In Eng.
"This paper
empirically examines the relationship between enrollment in sex
education and subsequent sexual behavior for U.S. teenagers during the
1970s. The estimates indicate that enrollment in sex education was
associated with earlier sexual activity for females in this cohort. Sex
education also was associated with earlier pregnancy for some groups of
females, but these effects are smaller and not always statistically
significant. For both types of transitions, the effect of sex education
appears to have been larger for women with fewer alternative sources of
sexual information. In contrast, sex education had much less impact on
male transitions into sexual activity. Within-family analyses using
sibling data reveal qualitatively similar
patterns."
Correspondence: G. S. Oettinger, University
of Texas, Austin, TX 78712-1088. Location: Princeton
University Library (PF).
65:30367 Rendall, Michael S.
Entry or exit? A transition-probability approach to explaining the
high prevalence of single motherhood among black women.
Demography, Vol. 36, No. 3, Aug 1999. 369-76 pp. Silver Spring,
Maryland. In Eng.
"I analyze the prevalence of single
motherhood among black and non-Hispanic white [U.S.] women in terms of
differences in entry and exit. Higher initial entry rates among black
women, especially through unpartnered childbearing, account for
slightly more than half the difference between blacks and whites in the
prevalence of single motherhood. The remainder of the difference is due
to black single mothers' much lower rates of exit through union
formation and to their very high rates of reentry through dissolution
of these later unions. Entry and exit rates through the 1990s imply a
widening racial gap."
Correspondence: M. S. Rendall,
Pennsylvania State University, Population Research Institute, 601
Oswald Tower, University Park, PA 16802-6211. E-mail:
rendall@pop.psu.edu. Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
