Studies that treat quantitative fertility data analytically. References to crude data are coded under S. Official Statistical Publications. Methodological studies specifically concerned with fertility are cited in this division and cross-referenced to N. Methods of Research and Analysis Including Models, if necessary.
Analytical studies of quantitative birth data and reproduction rates and studies of fertility and its concomitants. Studies of age at marriage, divorce, and factors influencing family size are coded under G.1. Marriage and Divorce or G.2. Family and Household.
65:30198 Adjamagbo, Agnès; Delaunay,
Valérie. The crisis in the rural West African
environment: social implications and effect on fertility. Niakhar
(Senegal) and Sassandra (Ivory Coast) compared. [La crise en
milieu rural ouest-africain: implications sociales et
conséquences sur la fécondité. Niakhar
(Sénégal), Sassandra (Côte-d'Ivoire), deux exemples
contrastés.] Universités Francophones, Actualité
Scientifique, 1998. 339-55 pp. Editions ESTEM: Paris, France;
Université des Réseaux d'Expression Française
[UREF]: Paris, France; Association des Universités Partiellement
ou Entièrement de Langue Française [AUPELF]: Paris,
France. In Fre.
Changes in fertility and family planning practices
in two rural African societies affected by the recent African economic
crises are explored. In Niakhar, Senegal, the degradation of the
environment associated with lower rainfall levels has had a negative
effect on an economy largely dependent on the cultivation of the
peanut; this has led to a significant increase in seasonal migration.
In Sassandra, Ivory Coast, a largely plantation-based economy has been
badly hit by the decline in prices of primary products such as coffee
and cocoa. In both cases, the deteriorating economic conditions have
tended to decrease the wish to have large families in traditionally
pronatalist societies.
Correspondence: A. Adjamagbo,
Institut Français de Recherche Scientifique pour le
Développement en Coopération, Institut Santé
Développement, 15 rue de l'Ecole de Médicine, 75270 Paris
Cedex 10, France. Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
65:30199 Agyei-Mensah, Samuel.
Fertility decline in developing countries, 1960-1997: an annotated
bibliography. Bibliographies and Indexes in Geography, No. 3, ISBN
0-313-30242-1. LC 98-51612. 1999. xiii, 140 pp. Greenwood Press:
Westport, Connecticut. In Eng.
This is an annotated bibliography of
the fertility decline in developing countries based on sources such as
student dissertations, books, and research papers, as well as
references from papers published in the leading population journals.
The period covered is from 1960 to 1997. The bibliography is organized
geographically, and there are sections on concepts and theories of
fertility decline, the fertility decline in Latin America, in Asia, and
in Sub-Saharan Africa, and the general literature on the fertility
decline in developing countries as a whole. In each section, the
bibliography is organized alphabetically by author, and author and
subject indexes are provided for the bibliography as a
whole.
Correspondence: Greenwood Press, 88 Post Road West,
Box 5007, Westport, CT 06881. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
65:30200 Alcántara, Elsa; Ortiz, Jorge;
Carbajal, Luz. Fertility and infant mortality: three
methodological studies. [Fecundidad y mortalidad infantil: tres
ensayos metodológicos.] 1996. 239 pp. Universidad Peruana
Cayetano Heredia, Instituto de Estudios de Población: Lima,
Peru. In Spa.
This book contains three separate studies on aspects
of the demography of Peru. The studies are entitled: Infant mortality
in different ecological contexts: an application of the previous child
method; Reproductive behavior in relation to birth spacing, maternal
lactation, and contraception: a qualitative study in three ecological
areas in Peru; and Peruvian fertility: determinants and
changes.
Correspondence: Universidad Peruana Cayetano
Heredia, Apartado 5045, Lima 100, Peru. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
65:30201 Bachrach, Christine A.
Threads in the tapestry of life: understanding fertility in
context. In: Advances in population: psychosocial perspectives,
Volume 3, edited by Lawrence J. Severy and Warren Miller. 1999. 1-29
pp. Jessica Kingsley Publishers: Philadelphia, Pennsylvania/London,
England. In Eng.
The author first considers the demographic
approach to the study of fertility and points out that, although
demographers have had considerable success in measuring and describing
fertility, they have been less successful in explaining and predicting
trends in fertility. She then draws on a wide range of existing
research to develop some general ideas about how to attain a better
understanding of fertility based on a more interdisciplinary approach.
Topics covered include fertility patterns in industrialized countries;
biological factors and fertility; microeconomic models of fertility;
cultural-anthropological, sociological, and psychological approaches to
fertility research; and challenges for the
future.
Correspondence: C. A. Bachrach, U.S. National
Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Center for Population
Research, Demographic and Behavioral Sciences Branch, Bethesda, MD
20892. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:30202 Bélanger, Alain; Oikawa,
Cathy. Who has a third child? Canadian Social Trends,
No. 53, Summer 1999. 23-6 pp. Ottawa, Canada. In Eng.
"Researchers have long identified a number of factors that can
affect fertility. This study uses data from [Canada's] 1995 General
Social Survey (GSS) to assess the effect of these factors on the
likelihood that a woman with two children will have a third.... Women
who were young when they had their first child, and who had a second
child quickly afterwards, have the greatest chance of bearing a third
child. It is also true, however, that certain cultural and
socio-economic characteristics have a substantial effect on the
probability of a third birth."
Correspondence: A.
Bélanger, Statistics Canada, Demography Division, Main Building,
Room 1708, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0T6, Canada. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:30203 Bongaarts, John.
Fertility decline in the developed world: Where will it end?
American Economic Review, Vol. 89, No. 2, May 1999. 256-60 pp.
Nashville, Tennessee. In Eng.
"After a brief overview of
fertility trends in post-transitional societies, this paper will
present reasons why current low fertility is unlikely to decline much
further and may even rise somewhat in the future in a number of
countries. The first reason is that the total fertility rate (TFR) is a
hypothetical measure that can and often does give an inaccurate
indication of the actual rate of childbearing of women.... A second
reason for expecting fertility not to decline further is that couples
in most post-transitional societies plan to have about two
children."
Correspondence: J. Bongaarts, Population
Council, One Dag Hammarskjold Plaza, New York, NY 10017. Location:
Princeton University Library (PF).
65:30204 Bozon, Michel; Enoch,
Etheline. Brazil: a rapid demographic transition in a
heterogeneous country. [Brésil: la transition
démographique rapide d'un pays hétérogène.]
Population et Sociétés, No. 345, Apr 1999. 4 pp. Institut
National d'Etudes Démographiques [INED]: Paris, France. In Fre.
This is a summary history of the demographic transition that has
occurred in Brazil. The authors note that this transition took place
very rapidly, primarily in the three decades since the mid 1960s,
during which time the total fertility rate declined from 5.7 to 2.3.
The major demographic and socioeconomic differences that exist among
the various regions of the country are described. The primary method
used to achieve this fertility decline is identified as contraceptive
sterilization. The homogeneity of the fertility decline is surprising
in a country that is both so heterogeneous and experiencing high levels
of socioeconomic inequality, particularly in the absence of significant
government action in family planning.
Correspondence:
Institut National d'Etudes Démographiques, 133 boulevard
Davout, 75980 Paris Cedex 20, France. E-mail: ined@ined.fr.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:30205 Brizuela, Fulvia R.
Fertility in Paraguay: geography and social diversity,
1960-1990. [La fecundidad en Paraguay: geografía y
diversidad social, período 1960-1990.] LC 98-102542. Nov 1996.
143 pp. Dirección General de Estadística, Encuestas y
Censos: Asunción, Paraguay. In Spa.
This is an analysis of
current trends in fertility in Paraguay. The methodology used in the
study is first outlined. Next, fertility levels and trends are
analyzed, and the proximate determinants of fertility are identified.
Consideration is given to fertility differentials by geographic area
and by residential characteristics, and the socioeconomic and cultural
factors affecting fertility are examined. Results from a regression
analysis of fertility are then presented.
Correspondence:
Dirección General de Estadística, Encuestas y
Censos, Naciones Unidas y Zenteno, Zona Norte, Fernando de la Mora,
Paraguay. E-mail: dgec@sce.cnc.una.py. Location: U.S. Library
of Congress, Washington, D.C.
65:30206 Caldwell, John C.; Barkat-e-Khuda;
Caldwell, Bruce; Pieris, Indrani; Caldwell, Pat. The
Bangladesh fertility decline: an interpretation. Population and
Development Review, Vol. 25, No. 1, Mar 1999. 67-84, 205-8 pp. New
York, New York. In Eng. with sum. in Fre; Spa.
"The claim has
been made, notably in a 1994 World Bank report, that the Bangladesh
fertility decline shows that efficient national family planning
programs can achieve major fertility declines even in countries that
are very poor, and even if females have a low status and significant
socioeconomic change has not occurred. This article challenges this
claim on the grounds that Bangladesh did experience major social and
economic change, real and perceived, over the last two decades. This
proposition is supported by official data and by findings of the
authors' 1997 field study in rural southeast
Bangladesh."
Correspondence: J. C. Caldwell,
Australian National University, Department of Demography, G.P.O. Box 4,
Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
65:30207 Cervantes Carson, Alejandro.
Reproductive rights: toward the foundation of a cognitive
field. [Derechos reproductivos: hacia la fundación de un
campo cognoscitivo.] Papeles de Población, Vol. 4, No. 16,
Apr-Jun 1998. 45-62 pp. Toluca, Mexico. In Spa. with sum. in Eng.
"Reproductive rights has ceased to be merely a descriptive
statement as it has been transformed into a topic that legitimately
warrants examination. However, its development into a cognitive field
will depend on the dynamics generated by its social and political
relevance, as well as by its acceptance in academic communities and the
conceptual interventions of those who study it. Based on a
critical-historical reconstruction of the descriptive statement, and of
the dimensions and constitutive relationships implied in its
contemporary usage, this paper elaborates a conceptual map and an
analytic proposal, as a contribution to the foundation of the cognitive
field."
Correspondence: A. Cervantes Carson,
University of Texas, Austin, TX 78712-1088. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:30208 Darroch, Jacqueline E.; Landry, David
J.; Oslak, Selene. Pregnancy rates among U.S. women and
their partners in 1994. Family Planning Perspectives, Vol. 31, No.
3, May-Jun 1999. 122-6, 136 pp. New York, New York. In Eng.
"Data from the 1995 [U.S.] National Survey of Family Growth
and from the 1994-1995 Alan Guttmacher Institute Abortion Patient
Survey were combined with national natality statistics to estimate
pregnancy rates in 1994 for women and their male partners, by age and
marital status at the time of conception.... Nine percent of both men
and women aged 15-44 were involved in conceiving a pregnancy in 1994
(excluding those resulting in miscarriages). Pregnancy levels were
highest among women aged 20-24 and among male partners aged 25-29. Men
younger than 20 were involved in about half as many pregnancies as were
women this age (9% compared with 18%). In contrast, men aged 35 and
older were involved in roughly twice as many pregnancies as were
similarly aged women (19% compared with
9%)."
Correspondence: J. E. Darroch, Alan Guttmacher
Institute, 120 Wall Street, New York, NY 10005. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:30209 Dietz, Patricia M.; Adams, Melissa
M.; Spitz, Alison M.; Morris, Leo; Johnson, Christopher H.
Live births resulting from unintended pregnancies: an evaluation of
synthetic state-based estimates. Maternal and Child Health
Journal, Vol. 2, No. 3, Sep 1998. 189-94 pp. New York, New York. In
Eng.
"The purpose of this study was to assess whether data
from the [U.S.] National Survey of Family Growth (NSFG) can be
standardized to derive a state-specific synthetic estimate of the
percentage of live births resulting from unintended pregnancy. The
state of Georgia offered a unique opportunity for this evaluation
because Georgia conducted PRAMS [Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring
System] and a point-in-time reproductive health survey [the Georgia
Women's Health Survey (GWHS)] in the same time interval as the 1995
NSFG." Results indicate that "the synthetic estimate can be a
useful method for states that need to know the overall magnitude of the
percentage of live births resulting from unintended pregnancy for
purposes such as program planning."
Correspondence: A.
M. Spitz, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford
Highway NE, Atlanta, GA 30341-3714. E-mail: AMS2@CDC.gov. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:30210 Dietz, Patricia M.; Adams, Melissa
M.; Spitz, Alison M.; Morris, Leo; Johnson, Christopher H.
Live births resulting from unintended pregnancies: is there
variation among states? Family Planning Perspectives, Vol. 31, No.
3, May-Jun 1999. 132-6 pp. New York, New York. In Eng.
"Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (PRAMS) data were
assessed to explore the feasibility of extrapolating data on the
percentage of live births resulting from unintended pregnancies from
[eight U.S.] states that collect these data to states that do not....
Logistic regression was used to determine state variation in the odds
of delivering a live birth resulting from an unintended pregnancy after
adjustment for maternal race, marital status, age, education, previous
live birth and participation in the Special Supplemental Nutrition
Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC).... Although the
percentages varied, in all eight states women who were black, were
unmarried, were younger than 20 years of age, had less than 12 years of
education or had more than one child had higher percentages of live
births resulting from unintended pregnancy than women with other
demographic characteristics."
Correspondence: P. M.
Dietz, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of
Reproductive Health, 1600 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30333.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:30211 Friedman, Jay S.; McFarlane, Carmen
P.; Morris, Leo. Jamaica Reproductive Health Survey 1997.
Young adult report: sexual behavior and contraceptive use among young
adults. Apr 1999. viii, 21, [42] pp. National Family Planning
Board: Kingston, Jamaica. In Eng.
These are the results of the
Young Adult Report portion of the 1997 Jamaica Reproductive Health
Survey. "The data in this report cover young adult women and men
aged 15-24 years.... The main objective of the current report is to
present detailed information about the knowledge and behavior of young
adult women and men in Jamaica that goes beyond the main report.
Information that could contribute to an improved family life education
programme and information on current sexual activity of young adult
women and men, particularly with respect to the use of contraceptives
and commonly held beliefs about sexuality is also included." The
report contains separate sections on family life education and
knowledge of contraception and STDs; sexual experience and
contraceptive use; and childbearing.
Correspondence:
National Family Planning Board, 5 Sylvan Avenue, Kingston 5,
Jamaica. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:30212 Jain, S. K.; McDonald, P. F.
Fertility of Australian birth cohorts: components and
differentials. Journal of the Australian Population Association,
Vol. 14, No. 1, May 1997. 31-46 pp. Canberra, Australia. In Eng.
"The paper examines the change in the level and pattern of
fertility that took place in the post-1971 period, and the downward
completed fertility of successive generations of Australian women born
since 1933-37. The change in cohort fertility is assessed in terms of
the cohort parity progression ratios, and the four components of cohort
total fertility: the proportion of women who proceeded to have a birth,
mean age at first birth, mean age at last birth, and average interbirth
interval for women who had at least two births. The other aspects
discussed are the cohort fertility differentials and the implications
of the current trends for future fertility in
Australia."
Correspondence: S. K. Jain, Australian
National University, National Centre for Epidemiology and Population
Health, G.P.O. Box 4, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:30213 Jamaica. National Family Planning
Board (Kingston, Jamaica). Jamaica Reproductive Health
Survey 1997: summary chartbook of main findings. 1998. 24 pp.
Kingston, Jamaica. In Eng.
This is a summary of results from the
1997 Jamaica Reproductive Health Survey, which interviewed 6,384 women
aged 15-49 and 2,279 men aged 15-24. Charts and graphs present
information on recent fertility trends; contraceptive use, including
methods chosen, sources of methods, and use by region, age, and
education; fertility intentions; fertility and contraception among
young adults, including contraceptive use by young men; and use of
reproductive health services.
Correspondence: National
Family Planning Board, 5 Sylvan Avenue, Kingston 5, Jamaica.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:30214 Kamarás, Ferenc.
Fertility and family surveys in countries of the ECE region:
standard country report, Hungary. UN/ECE Economic Studies, No.
10j, Pub. Order No. E.99.II.E.6. ISBN 92-1-116708-6. 1999. 93 pp. UN
Economic Commission for Europe [ECE]: Geneva, Switzerland; United
Nations Population Fund [UNFPA]: New York, New York. In Eng.
This
is the tenth in the series Fertility and Family Surveys Standard
Country Reports. It concerns Hungary and was carried out in 1992-1993.
The report has substantive chapters on economic, social, and cultural
trends; population trends; and FFS findings. The chapter on population
trends has sections on fertility, nuptiality, mortality, and population
policies. The chapter on FFS findings has sections on household
composition, the parental home, partnerships, children, fertility
regulation, fertility preferences, values and beliefs, and female
education and occupation.
Correspondence: UN Economic
Commission for Europe, Palais des Nations, 1211 Geneva 10, Switzerland.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:30215 Katus, Kalev.
Post-transitional fertility: case of Estonia.
Rahvastiku-Uuringud/Population Studies Series B, No. 33, ISBN
9985-820-32-0. 1997. 25 pp. Estonian Interuniversity Population
Research Centre: Tallinn, Estonia. In Eng.
The author examines
posttransitional fertility in Estonia, and compares trends with those
in other European countries. Sections are included on the stability of
post-transitional fertility; fertility in the context of pregnancy
outcomes; and the pattern of births being concentrated in a shorter
range of the individual life span.
Correspondence: Estonian
Interuniversity Population Research Centre, P.O. Box 3012, Tallinn
10504, Estonia. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:30216 Khan, Mokbul A. Trade
dependence and fertility in Hispanic America, 1950-1990.
Sociological Forum, Vol. 14, No. 1, Mar 1999. 137-54 pp. New York, New
York. In Eng.
"This paper focuses on the development-fertility
relationship within the context of trade dependence based on a new data
set for Hispanic America, 1950-1990 period. The purposes of this
investigation are: (1) to test the generalizability of Hout's (1980)
findings to situations prevalent in Hispanic America during the period
1950-1990; and (2) to reveal more clearly the substantive theoretical
implications of the world-system statuses and their effects on the
development-fertility relationship for Hispanic America,
1950-1990."
Correspondence: M. A. Khan, University of
Arizona, Environment Behavior and Risk Research Laboratory, Arizona
Prevention Center, 1834 East Mabel Street, P.O. Box 245163, Tucson, AZ
85724. Location: Princeton University Library (PR).
65:30217 Kouton, Etienne F.
Crisis, the family, youth, and changing social justifications for
high fertility in Benin. [Crise, famille, jeunesse et
altération des justifications sociales d'une forte
fécondité au Bénin.] Universités
Francophones, Actualité Scientifique, 1998. 357-76 pp. Editions
ESTEM: Paris, France; Université des Réseaux d'Expression
Française [UREF]: Paris, France; Association des
Universités Partiellement ou Entièrement de Langue
Française [AUPELF]: Paris, France. In Fre.
Changing
attitudes toward fertility and family size in Benin are examined using
data from a number of sources, including a 1989 study on fertility and
marriage. The focus is on the differences between the attitudes of
young people, including those with young children, and those of their
parents. The author concludes that, although levels of desired
fertility are still considerably above replacement level, young people
today wish to have fewer children than their parents did. This change
is probably due to a combination of the infiltration of modern ideas,
such as a greater emphasis on individualism, and the economic pressures
associated with the continuing African crisis.
Correspondence:
E. F. Kouton, Université Catholique de Louvain, Institut de
Démographie, 1 place Montesquieu, B.P. 17, 1348
Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
65:30218 Larson, Ann. New
directions for the study of Australia's fertility decline. Journal
of the Australian Population Association, Vol. 14, No. 1, May 1997.
47-67 pp. Canberra, Australia. In Eng.
"Most studies of
Australia's historical fertility decline have emphasized the
similarities of the pace and composition of the decline with those of
the United Kingdom, continental European countries, and other colonies
settled by the British. Recent scholarship has questioned the
usefulness of focusing on aggregate data that give misleading
impressions of homogeneity. Preferred methodological approaches take a
holistic view to the determinants of fertility change within a local
context. The scope for analogous studies in Australia is considered,
through a review of potential source materials and research
questions."
Correspondence: A. Larson, Royal Brisbane
Hospital, Australian Centre for International and Tropical Health and
Nutrition, Indigenous Health Program, Edith Cavell Building, Herston
Road, Queensland 4029, Australia. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
65:30219 Mulder, Monique B. The
demographic transition: are we any closer to an evolutionary
explanation? Trends in Ecology and Evolution, Vol. 13, No. 7, Jul
1998. 266-70 pp. Oxford, England. In Eng.
"The fact that
people in an increasing number of societies worldwide voluntarily
reproduce at lower levels than would apparently maximize their lifetime
reproduction poses a major challenge to evolutionary
anthropologists.... Behavioural ecologists are puzzled by...the
emerging negative correlations between wealth and reproduction, when
evidence that the wealthy outreproduce the poor is so prevalent in
predemographic transition populations. Consequently, a range of
hypotheses are now being explored to explain why parents with access to
plentiful resources choose low fertility
rates...."
Correspondence: M. B. Mulder, University of
California, Department of Anthropology, Davis, CA 95616. E-mail:
mborgerhoffmulder@ucdavis.edu. Location: U.S. Library of
Congress, Washington, D.C.
65:30220 Nath, Dilip C.; Leonetti, Donna L.;
Steele, Matthew S. Analysis of birth intervals in a
non-contracepting Indian population: an evolutionary ecological
approach. Seattle Population Research Center Working Paper, No.
99-3, Jan 1999. 23 pp. University of Washington, Seattle Population
Research Center: Seattle, Washington. In Eng.
"This paper
examines data on birth spacing in a scheduled caste, Bengali speaking,
non-contracepting population of Karimganj district of southern Assam,
India, in view of an evolutionary ecological perspective. It is found
that on average a birth interval closed by boy-boy is the longest and
that by girl-girl is the shortest. Birth spacing is likely to be longer
among upper-income, and Craftsman mothers."
Correspondence:
University of Washington, Seattle Population Research Center, Box
353340, Seattle, WA 98195-3100. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
65:30221 Peña, Rodolfo; Liljestrand,
Jerker; Zelaya, Elmer; Persson, Lars-Åke. Fertility
and infant mortality trends in Nicaragua 1964-1993. The role of women's
education. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, Vol. 53,
No. 3, Mar 1999. 132-7 pp. London, England. In Eng.
The authors aim
"to assess trends in fertility and infant mortality rates (IMR) in
León, Nicaragua, and to examine the effect of women's education
on these trends during 1964-1993, a period of rapid social change....
In this demographic transition over three decades, fertility and IMR
declined simultaneously. The decreasing trend in fertility was mainly
explained by an increase in women's education, while the IMR decline
seemed to be the result of health interventions, specially targeted to
poorer groups of women and their infants. Thus, social differences in
fertility rates remained unchanged, while equity in chances of child
survival increased."
Correspondence: R. Peña,
Umeå University, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health,
901 85 Umeå, Sweden. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
65:30222 Population Council (New York, New
York); African Population Policy Research Center (Nairobi,
Kenya). Fertility decline in Kenya: levels, trends and
differentials. 1998. xiv, 91 pp. New York, New York; Nairobi,
Kenya. In Eng.
"The main objective of [this work] was to
ascertain the levels, trends and differentials in fertility in Kenya
within the context of on-going fertility transition....The results are
based on the analyses of data collected in four national demographic
and health surveys carried out between 1978 and 1993 and population
censuses of 1962, 1969, 1979, and 1989. The analyses have been informed
by various theories of fertility transition, and have been guided by a
conceptual framework which takes into account the role of proximate
determinants, demand for contraception, demand for children, individual
and community level factors, socio-economic policies and programs, and
the family planning program...."
Correspondence:
Population Council, One Dag Hammarskjold Plaza, New York, NY
10017. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:30223 Poston, Dudley L. Social
and economic development and the fertility transitions in Mainland
China and Taiwan. Texas Population Research Center Paper, No.
98-99-05, 1998-1999. 26, [8] pp. University of Texas, Texas Population
Research Center: Austin, Texas. In Eng.
"In this paper, we
examine how social and economic development factors in Taiwan and
Mainland China have operated independently and together to influence
fertility change. We address this issue cross-sectionally using
sub-regional data for a few points in time.... We use data for the
provinces and for the counties of China for 1982, 1990, and 1995; and
for the counties and cities of Taiwan for 1980, 1990 and
1995."
Correspondence: D. L. Poston, Texas A&M
University, College Station, TX 78743. E-mail: dudley@tamvm1.tamu.edu.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:30224 Ravindran, T. K. Sundari.
Female autonomy in Tamil Nadu: unravelling the complexities.
Economic and Political Weekly, Vol. 34, No. 16-17, Apr 17-23, 1999.
34-44 pp. Mumbai, India. In Eng.
"Commentators on Tamil Nadu's
rapid fertility decline during the eighties often cite female autonomy
and `agency' as important contributing factors. This paper examines the
extent of female autonomy Tamil women enjoy in their personal lives and
within their households and the gender power dynamics between married
couples, on the basis of a study in five districts of the [Indian]
state."
Location: Princeton University Library (PF).
65:30225 Rodgers, Joseph L.; Parnell,
Allan. Seasonal patterns in adolescent reproductive
behaviors. In: Advances in population: psychosocial perspectives,
Volume 3, edited by Lawrence J. Severy and Warren Miller. 1999. 281-303
pp. Jessica Kingsley Publishers: Philadelphia, Pennsylvania/London,
England. In Eng.
"In this chapter we focus on seasonality
patterns underlying adolescent reproductive behavior [in the United
States], including conception, fetal death, induced abortions and
birth. The chapter offers several unique contributions to the
seasonality literature. First, the dataset we use--a population-based
data source from North Carolina--provides broader inference and
explicit links between the several reproductive behaviors. Second, we
develop a measurement approach that theoretically links conception
patterns to three possible resolutions: fetal death, induced abortion
and live birth. Third, we focus on adolescents, a sub-group of
particular interest and value in the study of reproductive
seasonality." The results indicate strong seasonal links in
patterns of conception, resulting in seasonal abortion and birth
patterns as well. In general, adolescent seasonality patterns are
similar to those of adults.
Correspondence: J. L. Rodgers,
University of Oklahoma, Department of Psychology, Norman, OK 73019.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:30226 Saraiya, Mona; Berg, Cynthia J.;
Shulman, Holly; Green, Clarice A.; Atrash, Hani K.
Estimates of the annual number of clinically recognized pregnancies
in the United States, 1981-1991. American Journal of Epidemiology,
Vol. 149, No. 11, Jun 1, 1999. 1,025-9 pp. Baltimore, Maryland. In Eng.
"The authors estimated the number of clinically recognized
pregnancies that occurred annually from 1981 to 1991 in the United
States by type of outcome and by race.... More than 67 million
pregnancies occurred during the study period. Overall, 62.5% of these
pregnancies resulted in livebirths, 21.9% in legal induced abortions,
13.8% in spontaneous abortions, 1.3% in ectopic pregnancies, and 0.5%
in fetal deaths."
Correspondence: M. Saraiya, Centers
for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Chronic Disease
Prevention and Health Promotion, Division of Cancer Prevention and
Control, 4770 Buford Highway NE, Mailstop K-55, Atlanta, GA 30341.
Location: Princeton University Library (SZ).
65:30227 Sardon, Jean-Paul.
Fertility, political disruption and transition to a market economy
in Eastern Europe. [Fécondité, bouleversements
politiques et transition vers l'économie de marché en
Europe de l'Est.] Espace, Populations, Sociétés, No. 3,
1998. 339-60 pp. Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex, France. In Fre. with sum. in
Eng.
"The collapse of [the] socialist regime and the
transition to market economy, in the so called Eastern countries, are
reflected, almost everywhere, in a rapid decrease of total fertility
rates, even if, in some countries, such as former Czechoslovakia,
indices very temporarily increase.... Deep reasons [for] this
decreasing fertility, especially at high fertility ages and for first
birth-order, are not well known.... In these countries, people are
confronted not only with an adaptation crisis to the new rules of
society, but with a real cultural revolution: the eastern family
pattern comes into conflict with new economic
requirements."
Correspondence: J.-P. Sardon,
Observatoire Démographique Européen, 2 bis rue du
Prieuré, 78107 Saint-Germain-en-Laye, France. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:30228 Schmertmann, Carl P.
Fertility estimation from open birth interval data. Texas
Population Research Center Paper, No. 98-99-03, 1998-1999. 42 pp.
University of Texas, Texas Population Research Center: Austin, Texas.
In Eng.
"Censuses and surveys frequently collect information
on current fertility by asking women about the timing of their last
birth. The standard approach to such open-interval data converts this
information into a binary variable approximating births in the previous
year. This paper proposes a more efficient, maximum likelihood method
for estimating fertility from open-interval data. It includes a
mathematical derivation of the new method, sensitivity analyses, and
empirical tests with Bazilian census data."
Correspondence:
C. P. Schmertmann, University of Texas, Population Research
Center, Austin, TX 78712. E-mail: schmert@prc.utexas.edu. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:30229 Schoumaker, Bruno.
Poverty and fertility: a review of the literature of the past 25
years. [Pauvreté et fécondité: un
aperçu de la littérature des 25 dernières
années.] Universités Francophones, Actualité
Scientifique, 1998. 99-116 pp. Editions ESTEM: Paris, France;
Université des Réseaux d'Expression Française
[UREF]: Paris, France; Association des Universités Partiellement
ou Entièrement de Langue Française [AUPELF]: Paris,
France. In Fre.
This article reviews the literature of the past 25
years on the relationship between poverty and fertility in developing
countries. The author notes that many studies are based on the
assumption that poor people want to have many children for the economic
benefits they expect to receive, particularly in the form of support in
old age. However, the literature does not provide evidence of any
relationship between levels of poverty and achieved fertility. In fact,
fertility levels vary widely among populations experiencing poverty in
different countries. The author notes that there are examples of
fertility decline even among populations experiencing extreme levels of
poverty.
Correspondence: B. Schoumaker, Université
Catholique de Louvain, Institut de Démographie, 1 place
Montesquieu, B.P. 17, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium. E-mail:
bruno@sas.rice.ucl.ac.be. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
65:30230 Schoumaker, Bruno; Tabutin,
Dominique. The relationship between poverty and fertility
in developing countries: facts, methodologies, and examples.
[Relations entre pauvreté et fécondité dans les
pays du Sud: connaissances, méthodologie et illustration.] SPED
Document de Travail, No. 2, Feb 1999. 32, [5] pp. Université
Catholique de Louvain, Département des Sciences de la Population
et du Développement: Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium. In Fre.
This
study examines the relationship between poverty and fertility at the
micro level. It focuses on the relationship between the standard of
living at the household level and the fertility of the women in the
household. The geographical focus is on developing countries. The
authors review the literature that has developed over the past 40 years
on this relationship. They also discuss some methodological problems
related to the collection of data on both poverty and fertility, and
show that the relationship varies according to residential
characteristics and level of education. Some illustrations are provided
using data from South Africa and Morocco.
Correspondence:
Université Catholique de Louvain, Institut de
Démographie, Département des Sciences de la Population et
du Développement, 1 place Montesquieu, B.P. 17, 1348
Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
65:30231 Singh, J. P. Peopling of
Bihar: problems and prospects. Demography India, Vol. 27, No. 2,
Jul-Dec 1998. 353-67 pp. Delhi, India. In Eng.
"The total
fertility rate [TFR] of Bihar [India]...is not only high in itself but
also higher than the national average.... Policy makers and population
analysts are curious to know...why the TFR still continues to be higher
in Bihar than most parts of the country. The present paper has tried to
answer the...question...based on data derived from secondary sources
and personal interviews of the concerned state government
officials."
Correspondence: J. P. Singh, Patna
University, Department of Sociology, Patna, Bihar 800 005, India.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:30232 Singh, K. K.; Yadava, R. C.; Singh,
Uttam; Kumar, Anil. Testing the suitability of Bongaarts'
model in the context of fertility performance in a rural area of
Eastern Uttar Pradesh. Demography India, Vol. 27, No. 2, Jul-Dec
1998. 337-51 pp. Delhi, India. In Eng.
"In the present
analysis, Bongaarts' proximate determinants model is applied to
quantify the fertility inhibiting effects of the four important
proximate determinants--induced abortion, lactational infecundability,
marriage and contraception on fertility. It also examines how well the
four principal proximate determinants predict the fertility level....
We have applied the model to the data obtained at two different points
of time during the last decade i.e. during the period 1978 to 1987 [in
rural eastern Uttar Pradesh, India]."
Correspondence:
K. K. Singh, Banaras Hindu University, Centre for Population
Studies, Varanasi 221 005, India. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
65:30233 Sivertseva, Tamara F.
Eastern regions: fertility models. [Strany Vostoka: model'
rozhdaemosti.] LC 97-194683. 1997. 103 pp. Rossiiskaya Akademiya Nauk,
Trudy Instituta Vostokovedenniya: Moscow, Russia. In Rus. with sum. in
Eng.
This is an analysis of family characteristics and their
relationship to fertility in the Muslim countries that were formerly
part of the Soviet Union. The analysis is based on the life cycle
approach, which the author notes is founded in the work of E. Erickson.
Two distinct family patterns are identified, the traditional and the
modern. The factors that are conducive to high levels of fertility in
this culture are noted. The author suggests that, even as the process
of modernization takes place, Muslim families in this region are likely
to maintain some characteristics that distinguish them from the
standard Western nuclear family, such as wider family
networks.
Correspondence: Akademiya Nauk SSSR, Institut po
Sotsiologiya, Moscow, Russia. Location: U.S. Library of
Congress, Washington, D.C.
65:30234 Udjo, Eric O. Trends in
level and tempo of fertility in Botswana. Genus, Vol. 54, No. 3-4,
Jul-Dec 1998. 285-301 pp. Rome, Italy. In Eng. with sum. in Ita; Fre.
"The notion of a sharp decline in fertility in Botswana is
controversial. The results from the analysis of three sets of data
suggest that the apparent decline...is exaggerated due to (l) an
overestimated total fertility rate of 7.1 in 1981; compared with, (2)
underestimated total fertility rates of 5.0 and 4.2 in 1988 and 1991
respectively. Adjusted levels of fertility using the Relational
Gompertz model showed that a modest decline in fertility in Botswana
began after the late 1980's. Changing marriage patterns in Botswana are
probably contributory to the modest decline in fertility in the late
1980's."
Correspondence: E. O. Udjo, Statistics South
Africa, Systematic Demographic Analysis, Directorate of Analysis,
Private Bag X44, 0001 Pretoria, South Africa. E-mail:
ericu@statssa.pwv.gov.za. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
65:30235 United Nations. Economic and Social
Commission for Asia and the Pacific [ESCAP] (Bangkok,
Thailand). Levels and trends of fertility and their
determinants for small geographic areas in the ESCAP region. Asian
Population Studies Series, No. 146, Pub. Order No. ST/ESCAP/1857. 1997.
164 pp. Bangkok, Thailand. In Eng.
This report is the product of an
ESCAP project on the dynamics of fertility change in nine Asian
countries in the period 1993-1996. The countries are Bangladesh, China,
India, Iran, Nepal, Pakistan, the Philippines, Thailand, and Viet Nam.
The main focus is on the analysis of fertility levels and trends by
small geographic area in relation to the changing socioeconomic
conditions. The analysis uses both cross-classification and bivariate
and multivariate analysis. The report highlights the major findings of
the country reports prepared during the project and presents an
overview of the regional synthesis, conclusions, and policy
implications of the findings of the national
reports.
Correspondence: UN Economic and Social Commission
for Asia and the Pacific, United Nations Building, Rajdamnern Nok
Avenue, Bangkok 10200, Thailand. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
65:30236 Ventura, Stephanie J.; Martin, Joyce
A.; Curtin, Sally C.; Mathews, T. J. Births: final data
for 1997. NCHS National Vital Statistics Reports, Vol. 47, No. 18,
Apr 29, 1999. 96 pp. U.S. National Center for Health Statistics [NCHS]:
Hyattsville, Maryland. In Eng.
"This report presents 1997 data
on U.S. births according to a wide variety of characteristics. Data are
presented for maternal demographic characteristics including age,
live-birth order, race, Hispanic origin, marital status, and
educational attainment; maternal lifestyle and health
characteristics...; medical care utilization by pregnant women...; and
infant health characteristics.... Also presented are birth and
fertility rates by age, live-birth order, race, Hispanic origin, and
marital status. Selected data by mother's State of residence are shown
including teenage birth rates and total fertility rates, as well as
data on month and day of birth, sex ratio, and age of father. Trends in
fertility patterns and maternal and infant characteristics are
described and interpreted."
Correspondence: U.S.
National Center for Health Statistics, 6525 Belcrest Road, Hyattsville,
MD 20782-2003. E-mail: nchsquery@cdc.gov. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
65:30237 Vikat, Andres; Thomson, Elizabeth;
Hoem, Jan M. Stepfamily fertility in contemporary Sweden:
the impact of childbearing before the current union. Population
Studies, Vol. 53, No. 2, Jul 1999. 211-25 pp. London, England. In Eng.
"We focus on the fertility of Swedish men and women who lived
in a consensual or marital union in the 1970s and 1980s, and where at
least one of the partners had children before they entered that union.
Couples without any children before the current union were included for
contrast. We find clear evidence that couples wanted a shared
biological child, essentially regardless of how many children (if any)
they had before their current union. The shared child seems to have
served to demonstrate commitment to the union, as did its conversion
into a formal marriage. We have not found much support for the
hypothesis that our respondents sought to enter parenthood to attain
adult status."
Correspondence: A. Vikat, University of
Tampere, Tampere School of Public Health, PL 607, Kalevantie 4, 33101
Tampere, Finland. Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
65:30238 Yapa, Lakshman; Siddhisena,
Padmasiri. Locational specificities of fertility
transition in Sri Lanka. GeoJournal, Vol. 45, No. 3, 1998. 177-88
pp. Dordrecht, Netherlands. In Eng.
"Sri Lanka has one of the
lowest fertility rates among poor countries of the world. The fertility
decline which began in the 1950s has held steady during the last four
decades, despite low levels of economic development. Widespread use of
contraception is the primary cause of the fertility decline. However,
there is no one single homogenous body of people that can be
characterized as a `modern' contracepting population through which new
methods of family planning have spatially diffused. There is evidence
that the overall fertility decline began even before the establishment
of the modern family planning program in Sri Lanka. [This] analysis
showed four broad regional regimes of fertility transition with
considerable social and place-to-place differences in method-specific
rates of contraception among them." Data are primarily from the
1987 Sri Lanka Demographic and Health Survey.
Correspondence:
L. Yapa, Pennsylvania State University, Department of Geography,
University Park, PA 16801. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
65:30239 Zvidrins, Peteris.
Under-replacement fertility since the 1920s. Case of Latvia.
Latvijas Zinãtnu Akademijas Vestis. A, Vol. 52, No. 594-595,
1998. 121-7 pp. Riga, Latvia. In Eng.
"The level of fertility
rate and natural population growth in Latvia are currently the lowest
in its history and are among the lowest in the world.... Latvia since
1991 has a negative balance between births and deaths, and the excess
of deaths over births has sharply increased.... This paper seeks to
contribute the study of the dynamics of fertility, its demographic
determinants and some aspects of reproductive
preferences."
Correspondence: P. Zvidrins, University
of Latvia, Rainis Boulevard 19, Riga 1586, Latvia. E-mail:
zvidrins@lanet.lv. Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
Studies on differences in fertility patterns and levels in subgroups of a population. Also included are studies on age-specific fertility, such as teenage pregnancy.
65:30240 Abbasi-Shavazi, Mohammad J.
An assessment of the own-children method of estimating fertility by
birthplace in Australia. Journal of the Australian Population
Association, Vol. 14, No. 2, Nov 1997. 167-85 pp. Canberra, Australia.
In Eng.
"This paper examines the validity of the own-children
method of fertility estimates derived from the 1991 Census by a
detailed investigation of mortality assumptions, the presence of
non-own children, age misreporting and undercount. A comparison of
fertility measures derived alternatively from the census using the
own-children method and from vital statistics for the period 1987-91
indicates remarkably similar rates for Australia-born women, and
plausible results for long established migrant groups. The own-children
fertility levels for some recently arrived migrant groups, however,
were found to be misleading. It is suggested that the own-children
method is useful for the study of differential current fertility in
Australia."
Correspondence: M. J. Abbasi-Shavazi,
Australian National University, Research School of Social Sciences,
Demography Program, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:30241 Akoto, Eliwo M.; Kamdem,
Hélène. Reproductive behavior in light of
the crisis and living environment in Africa. [Comportement
procréateur face à la crise et milieu d'habitat en
Afrique.] Universités Francophones, Actualité
Scientifique, 1998. 317-37 pp. Editions ESTEM: Paris, France;
Université des Réseaux d'Expression Française
[UREF]: Paris, France; Association des Universités Partiellement
ou Entièrement de Langue Française [AUPELF]: Paris,
France. In Fre.
The extent to which the economic crisis affecting
Africa since the 1970s has had a differential effect on fertility in
rural and urban areas is analyzed, with particular attention to the
situation in Cameroon. The authors use data from a variety of published
sources, including Demographic and Health Surveys. The results suggest
that female education has the most significant effect on fertility;
because levels of female education differ widely between urban and
rural areas, this leads to fertility differentials by area of
residence. African societies, particularly in rural areas, remain
predominantly in favor of high fertility. Economic pressures to lower
fertility are mitigated by the continuing practice of sending children
from large rural families to live in the city. The authors suggest that
continuing economic problems affecting the cities may reduce the
ability of urban families to raise rural children, and this may
eventually help reduce levels of rural
fertility.
Correspondence: E. M. Akoto, Institut de
Formation et de Recherche Démographiques, B.P. 1556,
Yaoundé, Cameroon. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
65:30242 Bachrach, Christine A.; Ventura,
Stephanie J.; Newcomer, Susan F.; Mosher, William D. Why
have births among unmarried teens increased? Sexuality and
American Social Policy, No. 7, 1997. xvii, 48 pp. Henry J. Kaiser
Family Foundation: Menlo Park, California. In Eng.
This is an
analysis of the causes of the steady increase during recent years in
nonmarital births to teenagers in the United States. It was prepared as
a background paper for a seminar organized by the Kaiser Foundation.
The report also includes data from a foundation survey on teen
sexuality and pregnancy.
Correspondence: Henry J. Kaiser
Family Foundation, 2400 Sand Hill Road, Suite 100, Menlo Park, CA
94025-6944. Location: Brown University, Demography Library,
Providence, RI.
65:30243 Bean, Frank D.; Swicegood, C. Gray;
Berg, Ruth. Mexican-origin fertility: new patterns and
interpretations. Texas Population Research Center Paper, No.
98-99-04, 1998-1999. 23 pp. University of Texas, Texas Population
Research Center: Austin, Texas. In Eng.
The author uses data from
the 1986 and 1988 U.S. Current Population Surveys "to examine how
fertility levels of Mexican-origin women vary across generational
status and how these levels compare with those of the majority
(non-Hispanic) white population.... On balance, the results show a
picture of fertility behavior among Mexican-origin women that is only
partially consistent with the operation of assimilation
processes."
Correspondence: F. D. Bean, University of
Texas, Population Research Center, 1800 Main Building, Austin, TX
78701-1088. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:30244 Cáceres Ureña,
Francisco I. The increase in adolescent childbearing in
the Dominican Republic, 1991-1996. [El incremento de la maternidad
adolescente en la República Dominicana, 1991-1996.] 1998. 116
pp. Asociación Dominicana Pro Bienestar de la Familia, Instituto
de Estudios de Población y Desarrollo: Santo Domingo, Dominican
Republic. In Spa.
The reasons for the increase in adolescent
childbearing that occurred in the Dominican Republic in the first half
of the 1990s are examined. Data are from the demographic and health
surveys undertaken in the country in 1991 and 1996. The first chapter
looks at the risks of pregnancy among adolescents. The second chapter
analyzes both the proximate biological and psychological determinants
of adolescent fertility and the intermediate socioeconomic and
family-related determinants, as well as geographic factors. Other
chapters describe the analytical approach used in the study, trends and
differentials in adolescent childbearing, recent changes in the
characteristics of the adolescent female population, and changes in the
determinants of adolescent childbearing over
time.
Correspondence: Asociación Dominicana Pro
Bienestar de la Familia, Instituto de Estudios de Población y
Desarrollo, Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:30245 Gregson, Simon; Zhuwau, Tom;
Anderson, Roy M.; Chandiwana, Stephen K. Apostles and
Zionists: the influence of religion on demographic change in rural
Zimbabwe. Population Studies, Vol. 53, No. 2, Jul 1999. 179-93 pp.
London, England. In Eng.
"Religion has acted as a brake on
demographic transition in a number of historical and contemporary
populations. In a study in two rural areas of Zimbabwe, we found
substantial differences in recent demographic trends between Mission
and Independent or `Spirit-type' churches.... Missiological and
ethnographic data indicate that differences in religious teaching on
healthcare-seeking and sexual behaviour and differences in church
regulation could explain this contrast in demographic patterns. More
restrictive norms on alcohol consumption and extra-marital
relationships in Spirit-type churches may limit the spread of HIV and
thereby reduce its impact on mortality."
Correspondence:
S. Gregson, University of Oxford, Wellcome Trust Centre for the
Epidemiology of Infectious Disease, South Parks Road, Oxford 0X1 3PS,
England. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:30246 Knodel, John; Gray, Rossarin S.;
Sriwatcharin, Porntip; Peracca, Sara. Religion and
reproduction: Muslims in Buddhist Thailand. Population Studies,
Vol. 53, No. 2, Jul 1999. 149-64 pp. London, England. In Eng.
"This study examines the contrast between Muslim reproductive
attitudes and behaviour in Thailand and those of Buddhists, especially
in the southern region.... We interpret Muslim reproductive patterns
from the perspectives of the major hypotheses that have been invoked in
the social demographic literature to explain links between religion and
fertility. These hypotheses partly explain what appears to be a complex
and context-specific relationship. Nevertheless, the linkages between
religion, ethnic and cultural identity, and political setting that
appear to operate are more complex than can be fully explained by even
a combination of the existing hypotheses."
Correspondence:
J. Knodel, University of Michigan, Population Studies Center, 426
Thompson Street, P.O. Box 1248, Ann Arbor, MI 48106-1248. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:30247 Kremer, Michael; Chen,
Daniel. Income-distribution dynamics with endogenous
fertility. American Economic Review, Vol. 89, No. 2, May 1999.
155-9 pp. Nashville, Tennessee. In Eng.
"There is some
evidence that the fertility differential between educated and
uneducated women is greater in [developing] countries with more income
inequality. Using data from 62 countries (88 country-years) on total
fertility rates by women's educational attainment, we calculated
fertility differentials in each country-year as the ordinary least
squares (OLS) coefficient from regressing fertility on years of
education.... This paper examines the implications of combining the
following three assumptions: (i) higher wages reduce fertility; (ii)
children of the unskilled are more likely to be unskilled; and (iii)
skilled and unskilled workers are complements in
production."
Correspondence: M. Kremer, Massachusetts
Institute of Technology, Department of Economics, 50 Memorial Drive,
E52-251C, Cambridge, MA 02142. Location: Princeton University
Library (PF).
65:30248 Mookherjee, Harsha N.
Fertility patterns of migrant and non-migrant populations in Papua
New Guinea. Population Review, Vol. 41, No. 1-2, Jan-Dec 1997.
36-42 pp. La Jolla, California. In Eng.
"This study intends to
ascertain whether the fertility pattern of migrant population found in
earlier studies is also present for urban areas in Papua New Guinea....
The results indicated that the relationship between migration and
fertility was more complex than has sometimes been assumed.... Duration
of marriage, city of residence, husband's age, and woman's occupation
were found to be significant variables in explaining the number of
children born to a woman in this sample. An explanation of the
relationships of migration to fertility was elaborated in this study
with reference to the economic and social developments of the
country."
Correspondence: H. N. Mookherjee, Tennessee
Technological University, Department of Sociology, Cookeville, TN
38505. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:30249 Mukherjee, D. P.; Guha, Pritilata;
Das, Bidhan K.; Guha, Abhijit. Family formation among
Muslims in a Calcutta slum. Journal of Family Welfare, Vol. 44,
No. 4, Dec 1998. 36-44 pp. Mumbai, India. In Eng.
"The present
study is an attempt to find out the way in which families are formed
and enlarged with the help of demographic data on some aspects of
fertility. The [effects] of various cultural determinants on fertility
behaviour, the age at marriage, type of marriage, and postpartum
abstinence associated with child birth have also been taken into
consideration.... The major objective was to give a quantitative
account of intracommunity variations in family formation with the help
of demographic data among a group of Muslim slum dwellers of Calcutta
[India]."
Correspondence: D. P. Mukherjee, Vidyasagar
University, Department of Anthropology, Midnapore 721 102, West Bengal,
India. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:30250 Paine-Andrews, Adrienne; Harris, Kari
J.; Fisher, Jacqueline L.; Lewis, Rhonda K.; Williams, Ella L.;
Fawcett, Stephen B.; Vincent, Murray L. Effects of a
replication of a multicomponent model for preventing adolescent
pregnancy in three Kansas communities. Family Planning
Perspectives, Vol. 31, No. 4, Jul-Aug 1999. 182-9 pp. New York, New
York. In Eng.
"A pretest-posttest comparison group design was
used to analyze the effects of a comprehensive multicomponent school
and community intervention on estimated pregnancy rates and birthrates
among young people in three Kansas communities.... We detected slight
(though often not statistically significant) decreases in estimated
pregnancy rates and birthrates, there were some positive changes in
reported behavior, and rates of community and systems change were
strong and steady. Further, community satisfaction with project
functioning was high, and changes facilitated by each project were
considered important.... Overall, the projects were well received in
their respective communities."
Correspondence: A.
Paine-Andrews, University of Kansas, Work Group on Health Promotion and
Community Development, Lawrence, KS 66045. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
65:30251 Saul, Rebekah. Teen
pregnancy: progress meets politics. Guttmacher Report on Public
Policy, Vol. 2, No. 3, Jun 1999. 6-9 pp. Washington, D.C. In Eng.
In the United States, "teenage pregnancy rates fell again
between 1995 and 1996, continuing the trend that has brought rates down
to their lowest level in more than two decades. New information on
factors driving the declines--improved contraceptive use and, to a much
lesser extent, reductions in teenage sexual activity--sheds much-needed
light on the public policy debate over how to sustain the
declines."
Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
65:30252 Tesfaghiorghis, Habtemariam.
Is aboriginal fertility on the decline? Journal of the
Australian Population Association, Vol. 13, No. 2, Nov 1996. 153-67 pp.
Canberra, Australia. In Eng.
"This paper [attempts to
determine] if there has been sustained Aboriginal fertility decline
since the mid-1980s...by analysing fertility information obtained from
the 1994 National Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Survey, birth
registrations and midwives' collections data by states.... This study
has produced more reliable age patterns of fertility at the national
and state levels. The paper also examines the definition of
Aboriginality and associated measurement problems, which are central to
an understanding of Aboriginal demography."
Correspondence:
H. Tesfaghiorghis, Australian National University, Graduate
Studies in Demography, G.P.O. Box 4, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:30253 Thailand. National Statistical Office
(Bangkok, Thailand). Religion and reproduction in Southern
Thailand. ISBN 974-236-906-2. 1998. [vii], 48 pp. Bangkok,
Thailand. In Tha. with sum. in Eng.
This is an analysis of
fertility trends among the minority Muslim population living in
southern Thailand. "This study examines the contrast between
Muslim reproductive attitudes, knowledge and behaviour and those of
Buddhists in the South. The study is based on the Survey of Knowledge,
Attitude and Family Planning Practice in the Southern Region of
Thailand which was carried out by the National Statistical Office in
1994. The sample of this survey was designed to cover women aged 15-49
in all provinces in the South. It is the largest survey of its kind
conducted in Thailand that permits comparisons between substantial
number of Buddhist and Muslim women in terms of culture, ethnicity and
socioeconomic characteristics. The study is also supplemented by the
information from focus group discussions among Muslims in Yala, Satun,
Narathiwat and Pattani, carried out by the National Statistical Office
in 1996."
Correspondence: National Statistical Office,
Statistical Data Bank and Information Dissemination Division, Larn
Luang Road, Bangkok 10100, Thailand. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
65:30254 Weeks, John R.; Rumbaut, Rubén
G.; Ojeda, Norma. Reproductive outcomes among Mexico-born
women in San Diego and Tijuana: testing the migration selectivity
hypothesis. Journal of Immigrant Health, Vol. 1, No. 2, Apr 1999.
77-90 pp. New York, New York. In Eng.
"Mexican immigrants to
the United States have better reproductive outcomes than do U.S.-born
non-Latina whites. Explanations offered for this...include (1) poor
outcomes among Mexican women may be hidden by their return to Mexico;
(2) Mexican women may have a higher fetal death rate that alters the
pattern of live birth outcomes; (3) Mexican women may have
socioeconomic characteristics which...would explain the outcome; (4)
Mexican women may have personal characteristics which would explain the
outcome...; (5) there may be ameliorative or salutogenic `protective'
effects of culture; and (6) migration may be selective of healthier
women who are thus more prone to positive outcomes. [The authors] test
these explanations, with an emphasis on the last one, using a data set
that combines reproductive histories and birth outcomes for Mexico-born
women delivering in San Diego, California and Mexican women delivering
in Tijuana, Mexico. These data are compared with U.S.-born Latinas and
U.S.-born non-Latina whites. Multivariate logistic regression analysis
suggests that...the adjusted odds of a positive birth outcome...is
highest for women delivering in Tijuana, implying that migrants may not
be so selective when compared to the country of
origin."
Correspondence: J. R. Weeks, San Diego State
University, Department of Geography, International Population Center,
San Diego, CA 92182-4493. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
Studies on infertility, as well as studies of spontaneous abortion, prematurity, and other relevant pathologies of pregnancy.
65:30255 Akre, Olof; Cnattingius, Sven;
Bergström, Reinhold; Kvist, Ulrik; Trichopoulos, Dimitrios; Ekbom,
Anders. Human fertility does not decline: evidence from
Sweden. Fertility and Sterility, Vol. 71, No. 6, Jun 1999. 1,066-9
pp. Birmingham, Alabama. In Eng.
The authors assess changes in
fertility over time using data for Sweden in the period 1983-1993.
"Subfertility problems decreased dramatically over successive
maternal birth cohorts. Further, the risk of subfertility increased
with age and decreased with increasing formal education.... A decrease
in male fertility cannot be ruled out on the basis of these results,
but if present, it is minor and totally outweighed by other favorable
developments."
Correspondence: O. Akre, Karolinska
Institutet, Department of Medical Epidemiology, Box 281, 171 77
Stockholm, Sweden. E-mail: olof.akre@mep.ki.se. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:30256 American Society for Reproductive
Medicine (Birmingham, Alabama). Assisted reproductive
technology in the United States: 1996 results generated from the
American Society for Reproductive Medicine/Society for Assisted
Reproductive Technology Registry. Fertility and Sterility, Vol.
71, No. 5, May 1999. 798-807 pp. Birmingham, Alabama. In Eng.
This
is a summary of "the procedures and outcomes of assisted
reproductive technology (ART) initiated in the United States in 1996
[using data on 300 programs].... Procedural outcomes measured included
clinical pregnancy, ectopic pregnancy, abortion, stillbirth, delivery,
and congenital abnormality.... In 1996, there were more programs
reporting ART treatment and a significant (11.3%) increase in reported
cycles. In comparable cycles types, overall average success rates
(deliveries per retrieval) exhibited an actual increase of 3.5% (this
is an increase of 15.8% when compared to the success rate for
1995)."
Correspondence: American Society for
Reproductive Medicine, 1209 Montgomery Highway, Birmingham, AL 35216.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:30257 Inhorn, Marcia C.
Infertility and the quest for conception in Egypt. In:
Reproductive health and infectious disease in the Middle East, edited
by Robin Barlow and Joseph W. Brown. 1998. 114-29 pp. Ashgate:
Brookfield, Vermont/Aldershot, England. In Eng.
The author examines
infertility in Egypt, with a focus on the social pressure to bear
children and the cultural stigmatization of childlessness. Various
treatment options available to Egyptian women are evaluated, and the
obstacles for many women seeking such treatment are
discussed.
Correspondence: M. C. Inhorn, Emory University,
Department of Anthropology, Atlanta, GA 30322. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:30258 Reproductive Health Matters (London,
England). Living without children. Reproductive
Health Matters, Vol. 7, No. 13, May 1999. 1-111 pp. Blackwell Science:
Oxford, England. In Eng. with sum. in Fre; Spa.
This issue is
concerned with both voluntary and involuntary infertility around the
world. "These papers are about women who long for children but
have not had them and women who have had children and lost them, as
well as women who do not want children and have not had to have them.
They are often about absence and loss, but sometimes they are also
about the freedom and opportunities which the absence of children can
bring. They explore the consequences of the right not to have children
and the lack of any given right to have children. They are about women
who have rejected motherhood and women whom motherhood has passed
by."
Correspondence: Blackwell Science, Osney Mead,
Oxford OX2 0EL, England. E-mail: jnl.orders@blacksci.co.uk.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
Studies concerning activities, including family planning programs, that are primarily designed to influence fertility.
General aspects of fertility control, primarily those concerned with family planning and family planning programs.
65:30259 Calvès, Anne E.
Condom use and risk perceptions among male and female adolescents
in Cameroon: qualitative evidence from Edéa. PSI Research
Division Working Paper, No. 22, 1999. 23 pp. Population Services
International, Research Division: Washington, D.C. In Eng.
"The present study examines the specific constraints to condom
use among male and female adolescents in Edéa, Cameroon, and how
they differ by gender.... The results indicate that while the image of
a young man getting condoms is mixed, there is a strong stigma attached
to female adolescents getting or carrying condoms, which represents a
serious barrier to condom procurement among young women. For both males
and females, condom use with regular sexual partners is not perceived
as necessary and asking a new partner for condom use is considered
suspicious and is interpreted as a sign of mistrust."
This
paper was originally presented at the 1999 Annual Meeting of the
Population Association of America.
Correspondence:
Population Services International, Research Division, 1120
Nineteenth Street NW, Suite 600, Washington, D.C. 20036. E-mail:
generalinfo@psiwash.org. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
65:30260 Critchlow, Donald T.
Intended consequences: birth control, abortion, and the federal
government in modern America. ISBN 0-19-504657-9. LC 98-13691.
1999. 307 pp. Oxford University Press: New York, New York/Oxford,
England. In Eng.
Using data from a number of archival collections
and from the published literature, the author attempts to provide an
objective account of how federal family planning became established
policy in the United States in the period following World War II. The
primary focus is on domestic family planning, but consideration is
given to international family planning programs as well. "By
examining federal family planning within the context of policy history,
this book follows the development of this policy through a process of
innovation, legislative enactment and administration imposition,
program implementation, reappraisal, and politicization." The
author notes that the modern family planning movement in the United
States emerged from two distinct concerns: overpopulation and women's
right to legalized birth control. The changing weight of these two
concerns over time is analyzed, as is the impact of the debate over the
legalization of abortion on the development of federal government
involvement in family planning programs.
Correspondence:
Oxford University Press, 198 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10016.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:30261 Darroch, Jacqueline E.; Landry, David
J.; Oslak, Selene. Age differences between sexual partners
in the United States. Family Planning Perspectives, Vol. 31, No.
4, Jul-Aug 1999. 160-7 pp. New York, New York. In Eng.
"Data
from the 1995 National Survey of Family Growth (NSFG) were used to
examine age differences between [U.S.] women and their current partner
and women's use of contraceptives at last intercourse, by marital
status and by the age difference between women and their partner....
64% of sexually active women aged 15-17 had a partner within two years
of their age, 29% a partner who was 3-5 years older, and 7% a partner
who was six or more years older. Among women younger than 18, the
pregnancy rate among those with a partner who was six or more years
older was 3.7 times as high as the rate among those whose partner was
no more than two years older. Among women younger than 18 who became
pregnant, those with a partner who was six or more years older were
less likely to have an unintended pregnancy (70%) or to terminate an
unintended pregnancy (21%) than were those whose partner was no more
than two years older (82% and 49%,
respectively)."
Correspondence: J. E. Darroch, Alan
Guttmacher Institute, 120 Wall Street, New York, NY 10005.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:30262 De Koninck, Maria.
Feminist discourse and neo-Malthusianism: the adverse effects of a
misalliance. [Discours féministe et
néo-malthusianisme: les effets pervers d'une
mésalliance.] Cahiers Québécois de
Démographie, Vol. 27, No. 2, Autumn 1998. 253-65, 336-7, 339 pp.
Montreal, Canada. In Fre. with sum. in Eng; Spa.
"In recent
years, we have seen what appears to be an alliance between feminists
and neo-Malthusians on the issue of family planning. This article
presents some thoughts on an association which can be termed a
`misalliance'--since the two discourses stem from disparate viewpoints
and offer differing interpretations--and may produce adverse
effects.... Other detrimental effects of this `tactical alliance' are
linked to the representation of women as victims of their
fertility."
Correspondence: M. De Koninck,
Université Laval, Département de Médecine Sociale
et Préventive, Sainte-Foy, Quebec G1K 7P4, Canada. E-mail:
maria.dekoninck@msp.ulaval.ca. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
65:30263 Dissanayake, Lakshman.
Fertility behaviour of two ethnic minorities at the onset of the
fertility transition in Sri Lanka. Journal of Family Welfare, Vol.
44, No. 4, Dec 1998. 1-8 pp. Mumbai, India. In Eng.
"It is
quite interesting to investigate the mechanisms underlying the distinct
pattern of fertility control behaviour shown by two minority groups,
namely Indian Tamils and Sri Lankan Moors, at the onset of the
fertility transition in Sri Lanka.... The present study...attempts to
explain why these ethnic minority groups exhibited two different
patterns of fertility behaviour at the onset of the fertility
transition...."
Correspondence: L. Dissanayake,
University of Colombo, Department of Demography, Colombo 3, Sri Lanka.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:30264 Emard, Jean-François; Thouez,
Jean-Pierre; Blais, Régis; Drouin, Guy; Ghadirian,
Parviz. Vasectomy in Quebec: 1977-1997. [La
vasectomie au Quebec: 1977-1997.] Cahiers de Sociologie et de
Démographie Médicales, Vol. 39, No. 1, Jan-Mar 1999.
41-58 pp. Paris, France. In Fre. with sum. in Eng.
Spatial and
temporal trends in vasectomy in the Canadian province of Quebec are
analyzed over the period 1977-1997 using the registry of the
Régie de l'Assurance-Maladie. The results show a growth in the
use of this method over time similar to that experienced elsewhere in
Canada and in the United States, although there are significant
geographical differences within the province in the popularity of this
method of contraception.
Correspondence: J.-F. Emard,
Centre de Recherche, CHUM, Unité de Recherche en
Epidémiologie, Campus Hôtel-Dieu, 3850 Saint-Urbain,
Montreal, Quebec H2W 1T8, Canada. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
65:30265 Family Health International (Research
Triangle Park, North Carolina). Community-based
distribution serves unmet needs. Network, Vol. 19, No. 3, Spring
1999. 20 pp. Research Triangle Park, North Carolina. In Eng.
This
is a general review of community-based distribution programs for
contraception in developing countries. The focus of such programs is on
taking contraceptive services and family planning information to people
where they live rather than requiring people to visit clinics or other
locations for these services.
Correspondence: Family Health
International, P.O. Box 13950, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:30266 Gérard, Hubert.
Family planning: from a causal to a systemic approach. [La
planification familiale: de la causalité au pari
systémique.] In: Populations et développements: une
approche globale et systémique, edited by Michel Loriaux. 1998.
357-73 pp. Academia-Bruylant: Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium; L'Harmattan:
Paris, France. In Fre.
The author notes that family planning and
the programs designed to promote it as part of a population policy are
generally based on a perspective that sees lowered fertility as the
cause of improved economic development, but he makes the case that this
thinking is based on unrealistic and unsupported hypotheses. He
suggests an alternative approach based on a systemic perspective,
which, although less ambitious and precise, is more likely to
correspond to actual socio-cultural realities, particularly in
societies that are undergoing rapid change. The need to take local
conditions into account rather than attempting to apply universal
principles in the interest of getting things done quickly is stressed.
The focus is on developing countries.
Correspondence: H.
Gérard, Université Catholique de Louvain, Institut de
Démographie, 1 place Montesquieu, B.P. 17, 1348
Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
65:30267 Glei, Dana A. Measuring
contraceptive use patterns among teenage and adult women. Family
Planning Perspectives, Vol. 31, No. 2, Mar-Apr 1999. 73-80 pp. New
York, New York. In Eng.
"Women at risk of unintended pregnancy
were selected from the 1995 [U.S.] National Survey of Family Growth,
and their contraceptive use patterns were compared across
age-groups.... More than two-thirds of women aged 15-19 report
long-term uninterrupted contraceptive use, but they are more likely to
report sporadic use and less likely to report uninterrupted use of a
very effective method than are women aged 25-34. Compared with women
aged 25-34, women aged 20-24 have higher rates of sporadic use and
lower rates of effective uninterrupted use.... Women in less stable
relationships, those having more infrequent intercourse and women who
have recently experienced nonvoluntary intercourse for the first time
are more likely than others to have a high-risk contraceptive
pattern."
Correspondence: D. A. Glei, Princeton
University, Office of Population Research, 21 Prospect Avenue,
Princeton, NJ 08544-2091. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
65:30268 Grady, William R.; Klepinger, Daniel
H.; Nelson-Wally, Anjanette. Contraceptive
characteristics: the perceptions and priorities of men and women.
Family Planning Perspectives, Vol. 31, No. 4, Jul-Aug 1999. 168-75 pp.
New York, New York. In Eng.
"The data analyzed here are
subsets from two companion [U.S.] surveys conducted in 1991--1,189 men
aged 20-27 who were surveyed in the National Survey of Men and 740
women aged 20-27 who were surveyed in the National Survey of Women.
Multivariate ordered logit analysis is used to examine how gender is
related to both the importance that individuals assign to seven
specific contraceptive characteristics when choosing a method, and to
perceptions about the extent to which five common method types possess
each of these characteristics.... Men and women have somewhat different
priorities when choosing a contraceptive method. Despite many
similarities between women and men in their perceptions about the
characteristics of each method type, numerous differences between them
may have an important influence on how couples make their method
choices."
Correspondence: W. R. Grady, Battelle
Centers for Public Health Research and Evaluation, 4000 NE 41st Street,
Seattle, WA 98105. Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
65:30269 Gray, Alan; Chowdhury, Jamil H.;
Caldwell, Bruce; Al-Sabir, Ahmed. Coitus-dependent family
planning methods: observations from Bangladesh. Studies in Family
Planning, Vol. 30, No. 1, Mar 1999. 43-53 pp. New York, New York. In
Eng.
"Some coitus-dependent methods of family planning, such
as withdrawal, periodic abstinence, and the condom, require male
involvement for their use, and using these methods in combination has
proved to be sensible. An investigation of why male and female
respondents in a survey conducted in Bangladesh often gave conflicting
answers about which methods they were currently using, particularly
about `traditional' methods and condoms, showed that inconsistency in
their reports arose because these methods are used in combination to
such an extent that they are difficult to distinguish. In order to
obtain reliable responses about these methods, a survey approach
different from the long-established one is
required."
Correspondence: A. Gray, Mahidol
University, Institute for Population and Social Research, 25/25
Puthamonthon 4 Road, Salaya, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:30270 Hardee, Karen; Visness, Cynthia;
Ulin, Priscilla; Pfannenschmidt, Susan. A conceptual
framework for investigating the impact of family planning on women's
lives. In: Advances in population: psychosocial perspectives,
Volume 3, edited by Lawrence J. Severy and Warren Miller. 1999. 31-52
pp. Jessica Kingsley Publishers:Philadelphia, Pennsylvania/London,
England. In Eng.
This chapter presents a conceptual framework for
research on the impact of family planning on women's lives. The focus
is on the reproductive health approach to family planning programs,
which has received increasing emphasis since the 1994 International
Conference on Population and Development. Examples are provided from
research being done by the Women's Studies Project at Family Health
International; the geographical focus is on developing countries. The
authors conclude that "by taking a candid look at the family
planning and fertility experiences of women across different countries
and cultures, listening to women tell their stories and querying them
on the disappointments as well as the rewards of their decisions, the
insight gained may help reshape reproductive health policies and
services, making services more responsive to what women and their
families need."
Correspondence: K. Hardee, Family
Health International, Women's Studies Project, One Triangle Drive,
Research Triangle Park, NC 27709. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
65:30271 Harvey, S. Marie; Beckman, Linda J.;
Doty, Michelle. Couple dynamics in sexual and reproductive
decision-making among Mexican immigrants. In: Advances in
population: psychosocial perspectives, Volume 3, edited by Lawrence J.
Severy and Warren Miller. 1999. 251-79 pp. Jessica Kingsley Publishers:
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania/London, England. In Eng.
"The
overall goal of our research is to examine couple influences in
contraceptive and condom use behavior among Mexican immigrant couples
[in the United States]. More specifically, this chapter presents
findings from our larger study that: (1) explores which member of the
couple initiates sexual behavior and makes decisions about
contraceptive/condom use and sexual behavior; (2) examines if and how
couples communicate with one another about fertility desires, sexual
behaviors and contraceptive/condom use; (3) explores which situations
or characteristics enhance a woman's influence on condom use with her
partner; and (4) investigates cultural norms shared by inner city
Mexican immigrants with regard to contraceptive and condom use."
The data concern 79 couples of Mexican origin living in Los Angeles
County, California.
Correspondence: S. M. Harvey,
University of Oregon, Department of Sociology, Eugene, OR 97403.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:30272 Hotchkiss, David R.; Magnani, Robert
J.; Rous, Jeffrey J.; Azelmat, Mustapha; Mroz, Thomas A.; Heikel,
Jaffar. The effects of maternal-child health service
utilization on subsequent contraceptive use in Morocco. Journal of
Biosocial Science, Vol. 31, No. 2, Apr 1999. 145-65 pp. Cambridge,
England. In Eng.
"The present study re-examines the
relationship between MCH [maternal-child health] service and subsequent
contraceptive use in Morocco and the role that variations in the supply
environment for health and family planning services play in this
relationship. The study...seeks to ascertain the role that MCH service
use plays in individual contraceptive use decisions.... Multi-level
regression techniques are used to model current contraceptive use
status as a function of (1) the availability, quality, and packaging of
MCH and family planning services, (2) community- and individual-level
determinants of health service and contraceptive use, and (3) intensity
of prior MCH service use."
This paper was originally presented
at the 1995 Annual Meeting of the Population Association of
America.
Correspondence: D. R. Hotchkiss, Tulane University
Medical Center, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine,
Department of International Health and Development, New Orleans, LA
70118. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:30273 Hudson, Aida J.
Fertility and family planning in a West Bank village. In:
Reproductive health and infectious disease in the Middle East, edited
by Robin Barlow and Joseph W. Brown. 1998. 92-113 pp. Ashgate:
Brookfield, Vermont/Aldershot, England. In Eng.
The author examines
family planning and the high fertility rate in the West Bank and Gaza
Strip. "Family planning was selected as the main focus of the
present study for several reasons. Of Bongaarts' four proximate
determinants of fertility, contraceptive use explains more of the
variation in fertility in the Arab countries than any other variable
except marriage.... Moreover, family planning efforts in various
countries have been known to reduce fertility rates even in the absence
of broader socioeconomic and cultural changes. In the Palestinian case,
the need to reduce fertility is urgent in light of resource scarcity
and the young age structure of the current
population."
Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
65:30274 Jato, Miriam N.; Simbakalia, Calista;
Tarasevich, Joan M.; Awasum, David N.; Kihinga, Clement N. B.;
Ngirwamungu, Edith. The impact of multimedia family
planning promotion on the contraceptive behavior of women in
Tanzania. International Family Planning Perspectives, Vol. 25, No.
2, Jun 1999. 60-7 pp. New York, New York. In Eng. with sum. in Spa;
Fre.
"Data from a nationally representative sample of 4,225
women who participated in the 1994 Tanzania Knowledge, Attitudes and
Practice Survey and in the 1991-1992 Tanzania Demographic and Health
Survey were used to assess the impact of mass media family planning
campaigns on contraceptive behavior. A bivariate analysis was conducted
to study the association between social and demographic
characteristics, family planning communications campaigns and
contraceptive behavior; multiple regression analysis was used to
examine the relationship between specific media campaigns and
contraceptive use. Results [indicate that] the more types of media that
women are exposed to, the more likely they are to practice
contraception."
Correspondence: M. N. Jato, United
Nations Population Fund, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:30275 Khalifa, Mona A. Family
planning and sustainable development in Egypt. CDC Series on
Population and Development, No. 5, 1994. 30 pp. Cairo Demographic
Center: Cairo, Egypt. In Eng. with sum. in Ara.
"This paper
aims to analyze the relationship between family planning and
sustainable development. It shows that [the] family planning program in
Egypt has successfully managed to decrease fertility rates in some
areas. However, the quality of services needs to be improved.... The
paper emphasises that family planning services are strongly linked to
the health services."
Correspondence: Cairo
Demographic Center, 78 Street No. 4, El-Hdhaba Elolya, Mokattam 11571,
Cairo, Egypt. E-mail: cdc@frcu.eun.eg. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
65:30276 Kornfield, Ruth; Banda,
Duncan. Quality of family planning community-based
distribution services in Malawi. STAFH Report Series, LC
98-981049. Dec 1996. viii, 124 pp. Support to AIDS and Family Health
Project [STAFH]: Lilongwe, Malawi. In Eng.
This is a summary of the
quality of family planning community-based distribution (CBD) services
in Malawi, based on case studies conducted in 1995. "The goal was
to provide comprehensive information on the selection, functioning and
quality of CBD services in order to understand the strengths and
weaknesses of the programs.... The objectives were to assess the
quality of services, program needs, and management of the projects; and
to identify referral needs and mechanisms linking the CBD and clinic
based services, community involvement, and the selection process of CBD
agents."
Correspondence: Support to AIDS and Family
Health Project, Lilongwe, Malawi. Location: U.S. Library of
Congress, Washington, D.C.
65:30277 Kosunen, Elise; Vikat, Andres;
Rimpelä, Matti; Rimpelä, Arja; Huhtala, Heini.
Questionnaire study of use of emergency contraception among
teenagers. British Medical Journal, Vol. 319, No. 7202, Jul 10,
1999. 91 pp. London, England. In Eng.
In this one-page article, the
authors report on a 1994 Finnish study of "knowledge of emergency
contraception and frequency of use among teenagers.... Our results
suggest that easy access to contraceptive services (including emergency
contraception) and intensive sex education have not increased
adolescent sexual activity. The proportion of sexually experienced
teenagers in our study was not higher than in Finnish studies in the
late 1980s or early 1990s when emergency contraception was not widely
used."
Correspondence: E. Kosunen, University of
Tampere, Medical School, Department of General Practice, P.O. Box 607,
33101 Tampere, Finland. E-mail: meelko@uta.fi. Location:
Princeton University Library (SZ).
65:30278 Levin, Ann; Caldwell, Bruce;
Barkat-e-Khuda. Effect of price and access on
contraceptive use. Social Science and Medicine, Vol. 49, No. 1,
Jul 1999. 1-15 pp. Oxford, England. In Eng.
"The Family
Planning Program in Bangladesh has been very successful.... The effect
of economic constraints, such as cash price and access to services on
contraceptive method use, the choice of contraceptive method and
provider choice, has been analyzed, taking into account the
socioeconomic factors that influence decision-making for individual
family members.... No effect of cash prices was found on the
probability of use of any contraceptive method, but clients were to a
limited extent responsive to price in making choices about
contraceptive methods and providers. In addition couples were less
likely to use contraception or choose methods if the travel time to
fixed clinics was greater than 30
[minutes]."
Correspondence: A. Levin, Partnerships for
Health Reform, University Research Corporation, 4800 Montgomery Lane,
Suite 600, Bethesda, MD 20814. E-mail: ann_levin@abtassoc.com.
Location: Princeton University Library (PR).
65:30279 Lindberg, Laura D.; Ku, Leighton;
Sonenstein, Freya L. Adolescent males' combined use of
condoms with partners' use of female contraceptive methods.
Maternal and Child Health Journal, Vol. 2, No. 4, Dec 1998. 201-9 pp.
New York, New York. In Eng.
"Protection from both sexually
transmitted diseases and pregnancy is best obtained by the combined use
of male condoms and effective female contraceptive methods. This
research examines dual contraceptive method use among [U.S.] teenage
men. [Using] data from the 1995 National Survey of Adolescent Males....
The results suggest that efforts to increase condom use in general
should also influence young men's use of condoms when their partner is
using a female method. Providing information to young males about the
high prevalence and serious consequences of sexually transmitted
diseases may increase dual method use among adolescents."
This
is a revised version of a paper originally presented at the 1997 Annual
Meeting of the Population Association of
America.
Correspondence: L. D. Lindberg, Urban Institute,
2100 M Street NW, Washington, D.C. 20037. E-mail:
lduberst@ui.urban.org. Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
65:30280 Lindsay, Jo; Smith, Anthony M. A.;
Rosenthal, Doreen A. Conflicting advice? Australian
adolescents' use of condoms or the pill. Family Planning
Perspectives, Vol. 31, No. 4, Jul-Aug 1999. 190-4 pp. New York, New
York. In Eng.
"Data from a 1997 national survey of 3,550
Australian secondary school students were used to examine teenagers'
method choice and patterns of advice-seeking about contraception and
STD prevention. Logistic regression analyses were conducted to identify
factors associated with the exclusive use of condoms or the pill....
Virtually all 961 currently sexually active students were using at
least one contraceptive method--primarily condoms (78%) or the pill
(45%). Some 31% were using condoms exclusively, and 10% were using the
pill exclusively. Older students and those who had sought contraceptive
advice had elevated odds of using the pill rather than condoms
exclusively...."
Correspondence: J. Lindsay, La Trobe
University, Australian Research Centre in Sex, Health and Society,
Melbourne, Australia. Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
65:30281 Marshall, John.
Requirements for psychological research in natural family
planning. Genus, Vol. 54, No. 3-4, Jul-Dec 1998. 177-86 pp. Rome,
Italy. In Eng. with sum. in Ita; Fre.
The author discusses the
acceptability of the basal body temperature method of natural family
planning, using data for England and Wales. The focus is on the
possible effects of psychological factors on use of the
method.
Correspondence: J. Marshall, University of London,
203 Robin Hood Way, London SW20 0AA, England. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:30282 Meekers, Dominique.
Patterns of use of the female condom in urban Zimbabwe. PSI
Research Division Working Paper, No. 28, 1999. 21 pp. Population
Services International, Research Division: Washington, D.C. In Eng.
"In 1996, Zimbabwean women petitioned the government to make
the female condom widely available as an alternative means of HIV
protection. The female condom has now been mass-marketed for a little
more than one year. This study used data from exit surveys with a
random sample of 1,753 consumers at retail outlets to assess patterns
in awareness and use of the female condom, and to examine to what
extent discussion and use of the female condom varies by type of
partner."
Correspondence: Population Services
International, Research Division, 1120 Nineteenth Street NW, Suite 600,
Washington, D.C. 20036. E-mail: generalinfo@psiwash.org. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:30283 Mishel, Daniel R.; Westhoff, Carolyn
L. Contraception. Contraception, Vol. 59, No. 1
Suppl., Jan 1999. 42 pp. Elsevier Science Publishers: New York, New
York/Amsterdam, Netherlands. In Eng.
"The problem of how best
to disseminate accurate information regarding OC [oral contraceptives]
to healthcare providers and women was the focus of a panel of experts
in the field of reproductive health that met at a clinical management
conference in New York City on July 23, 1998. The articles in this
supplement, The Power of the Pill, summarize the conference
proceedings.... Topics discussed include contraception in the prepill
era; the introduction of the pill and its impact; current use and
attitudes regarding OC; perceptions and realities regarding the risks
of cardiovascular disease and breast cancer, as well as OC health
benefits; therapeutic uses and quality-of-life benefits of OC; and how
to improve clinician/patient interaction so the benefits and risks of
OC can be communicated effectively."
Correspondence:
Elsevier Science Publishers, 655 Avenue of the Americas, NY 10010.
E-mail: usinfo-f@elsevier.com. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
65:30284 Mishra, Vinod K.; Retherford, Robert
D.; Nair, P. S.; Feeney, Griffith. Reasons for
discontinuing and not intending to use contraception in India.
National Family Health Survey Subject Report, No. 13, Jun 1999. 36 pp.
International Institute for Population Sciences [IIPS]: Mumbai, India;
East-West Center, Population and Health Studies: Honolulu, Hawaii. In
Eng.
"Based on data from India's 1992-93 National Family
Health Survey, this study analyzes the main reasons for discontinuing
contraceptive use and for not intending to use contraception in the
future. The study also analyzes the effects of seven demographic and
socioeconomic variables on reported reasons for discontinuing
contraception or intending not to use
contraception."
Correspondence: International
Institute for Population Sciences, Govandi Station Road, Deonar, Mumbai
400 088, India. E-mail: iips.nfhs@axcess.net.in. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:30285 Moore, Kirsten; Helzner, Judith
F. What's sex got to do with it? Challenges for
incorporating sexuality into family planning programs. ISBN
0-87834-088-2. LC 97-3852. 1997. 28 pp. Population Council: New York,
New York; International Planned Parenthood Federation [IPPF], Western
Hemisphere Region: New York, New York. In Eng.
This report examines
the complicated and dynamic connection between sexuality and family
planning. It examines how sexuality and power differences between men
and women shape contraceptive practices and reproductive health, and
how community-based activists and family planning and reproductive
health counselors can help individuals move toward more satisfactory
sexual lives and greater well-being. It also examines how service
provider attitudes toward sexuality and gender roles affect the
services clients receive, and how those attitudes can be changed in
order to improve services.
Correspondence: Population
Council, One Dag Hammarskjold Plaza, New York, NY 10017. E-mail:
pubinfo@popcouncil.org. Location: Population Council Library,
New York, NY.
65:30286 Moudallal, Nada; Navaneetham,
Kannan. Contraceptive use dynamics and reproductive
morbidity in Lebanon: evidence from family planning clinic data.
In: Reproductive health and infectious disease in the Middle East,
edited by Robin Barlow and Joseph W. Brown. 1998. 45-70 pp. Ashgate:
Brookfield, Vermont/Aldershot, England. In Eng.
"From the
available evidence in the literature, a model has been proposed to
study the determinants of the use and continuation of contraceptives
and their association with gynecological morbidity [in Lebanon]. The
model focuses on the mechanisms through which social, maternal and
other intermediate variables affect contraceptive use, continuation and
method of choice.... This model serves as a point of departure for
examining the potential association between contraceptive use and
gynecological morbidity."
Correspondence: N.
Moudallal, American University of Beirut, Faculty of Health Sciences,
Department of Population Studies, Bliss Street, Beirut, Lebanon.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:30287 Nair, P. S.; Feeney, Griffith;
Mishra, Vinod K.; Retherford, Robert D. Factors affecting
source of family planning services in India. National Family
Health Survey Subject Report, No. 12, Jun 1999. 38 pp. International
Institute for Population Sciences [IIPS]: Mumbai, India; East-West
Center, Population and Health Studies: Honolulu, Hawaii. In Eng.
"This Subject Report analyzes factors associated with use of
private-sector family planning services, based on data from India's
1992-93 National Family Health Survey (NFHS). Contrary to expectations,
the analysis shows little relationship between the proportion of women
using private-sector family planning services in a state and
state-level fertility rates.... This report examines seven factors that
might influence a woman's use of private-sector services: age,
urban/rural residence, education, religion, membership in a scheduled
caste or tribe, electronic media exposure, and geographic region. Urban
residence and higher levels of education emerge as the variables most
closely associated with use of private-sector sources of family
planning."
Correspondence: International Institute for
Population Sciences, Govandi Station Road, Deonar, Mumbai 400 088,
India. E-mail: iips.nfhs@axcess.net.in. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
65:30288 Odimegwu, Clifford O.
Family planning attitudes and use in Nigeria: a factor
analysis. International Family Planning Perspectives, Vol. 25, No.
2, Jun 1999. 86-91 pp. New York, New York. In Eng. with sum. in Spa;
Fre.
"A randomly selected sample of 927 married men and women
living in urban and rural areas of Nigeria were asked how strongly they
agreed with 26 attitudinal statements regarding family planning. A
factor analysis was used to measure the association between the
respondent's attitudes toward family planning and their contraceptive
practices.... Respondents' perceptions of family planning were
associated with contraceptive use: Those who approved of family
planning were twice as likely as respondents who disapproved to be
using contraceptives. Furthermore, respondents who communicated with
their spouse about family planning were three times more likely than
those who did not to be using a
contraceptive."
Correspondence: C. O. Odimegwu,
Obafemi Awolowo University, Department of Demography and Social
Statistics, Ile-Ife, Nigeria. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
65:30289 Özvaris, Sevkat B.; Akin,
Ayse. Postpartum contraception: a new approach to minimize
unmet needs in family planning. Turkish Journal of Population
Studies/Nüfusbilim Dergisi, Vol. 20, 1998. 87-97 pp. Ankara,
Turkey. In Eng. with sum. in Tur.
The authors discuss the need for
postpartum contraception in Turkey. The importance of providing family
planning information, modern contraceptive methods, and community-based
reproductive health services is emphasized.
Correspondence:
S. B. Özvaris, Hacettepe University, School of Medicine,
Department of Public Health, Hacettepe Parki, Ankara, Turkey.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:30290 Potter, Linda S. Why
must one "restart" a method that is still working? A case for
redefining injectable discontinuation. Family Planning
Perspectives, Vol. 31, No. 2, Mar-Apr 1999. 98-100 pp. New York, New
York. In Eng.
The author discusses reasons for the apparently high
discontinuation rates of Depo-Provera (DMPA) among U.S. women. "A
DMPA user is counted by default as having discontinued use if she
returns for a subsequent injection more than 14 weeks after the
preceding injection--even if she receives her next injection only a few
days late. She must then `restart' the method, even though her last
DMPA injection may still be protecting her from
pregnancy."
Correspondence: L. S. Potter, Princeton
University, Office of Population Research, 21 Prospect Avenue,
Princeton, NJ 08544-2091. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
65:30291 Potts, Malcolm.
"There is a measure in all things" In: Advances in
population: psychosocial perspectives, Volume 3, edited by Lawrence J.
Severy and Warren Miller. 1999. 123-5 pp. Jessica Kingsley Publishers:
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania/London, England. In Eng.
The author
develops the theme that, in an era when the need for family planning is
large and the resources to meet it are limited, a quantitative approach
to measuring program success remains valuable. "I suggest that if
we are to manage limited resources for the maximum welfare of people
less fortunate than we are, we must develop quantitative measures of
achievement in order to develop objective criteria for establishing
priorities."
Correspondence: M. Potts, University of
California, School of Public Health, Berkeley, CA 94720. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:30292 Sadana, Ritu; Snow, Rachel.
Balancing effectiveness, side-effects and work: women's perceptions
and experiences with modern contraceptive technology in Cambodia.
Social Science and Medicine, Vol. 49, No. 3, Aug 1999. 343-58 pp.
Oxford, England. In Eng.
"This community-based study presents
the results of 17 focus-group discussions primarily among poor married
women of reproductive age in urban and rural Cambodia regarding their
experiences with modern contraceptive methods and their preferences for
different technical attributes, including effectiveness, mode of
administration, secrecy and rapid return of fertility. Key findings
indicate that women who use modern contraceptive technologies desire
highly effective methods of birth control. Cambodian women are
primarily interested in longer-acting methods, view weight gain
positively and are less concerned about a rapid return to fertility
upon discontinuation of a method or secrecy from their partners....
Women may switch from a modern method associated with negative
side-effects to a lesser effective traditional method, either to take a
break from unwanted side-effects or discontinue modern methods
altogether, if another suitable method is
unavailable."
Correspondence: R. Sadana, Harvard
School of Public Health, Department of Population and International
Health, 677 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115. E-mail: rsadana
@hsph.harvard.edu. Location: Princeton University Library
(PR).
65:30293 Solo, Julie; Billings, Deborah L.;
Aloo-Obunga, Colette; Ominde, Achola; Makumi, Margaret.
Creating linkages between incomplete abortion treatment and family
planning services in Kenya. Studies in Family Planning, Vol. 30,
No. 1, Mar 1999. 17-27 pp. New York, New York. In Eng.
"This
report describes a study that was conducted in Kenya to test three
different models of ways to provide postabortion family planning. The
study shows that these new services are both feasible and acceptable to
providers and patients, and also shows how effective they can be.
Whereas only 7 percent of women received family planning counseling
according to the baseline survey, this proportion increased to 68
percent in the postintervention period. In addition, 70 percent of
women who decided to begin using contraceptive received a method,
compared with only 3 percent at baseline. The provision of postabortion
family planning counseling and methods on the gynecological ward by
ward staff was found to be the preferred and most effective
model."
Correspondence: J. Solo, Population Council,
International Programs Division, One Dag Hammarskjold Plaza, New York,
NY 10017. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:30294 Steele, Fiona; Curtis, Siân L.;
Choe, Minja. The impact of family planning service
provision on contraceptive-use dynamics in Morocco. Studies in
Family Planning, Vol. 30, No. 1, Mar 1999. 28-42 pp. New York, New
York. In Eng.
"This article uses linked data from the 1995
Morocco DHS calendar and the 1992 Morocco DHS service-availability
module to study the effect of service environment on contraceptive
discontinuation, switching, and adoption of a modern method following a
birth.... The findings show that the presence of a nearby public health
center is associated with higher modern-method adoption after a birth
and lower method-failure rates; the presence of a pharmacy is
associated with lower discontinuation due to side effects or health
concerns. The degree of method-choice potential has a positive impact
on both the rate of switching from the pill to another modern method
and on modern-method adoption after a
birth."
Correspondence: F. Steele, London School of
Economics and Political Science, Department of Statistics, Houghton
Street, Aldwych, London WC2A 2AE, England. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
65:30295 United States. Centers for Disease
Control and Prevention [CDC]. National Center for Chronic Disease
Prevention and Health Promotion. Division of Reproductive Health
(Atlanta, Georgia). Family planning methods and practice:
Africa. 2nd ed. 1999. xiv, 698 pp. Atlanta, Georgia. In Eng.
This book is about family planning in Africa, and has chapters on
the African context, sexually transmitted infections and infertility,
information for providing and using contraceptives effectively, and
contraceptive methods. "This new edition still emphasizes family
planning methods and practice as they relate to Africa. It gives
current information about the menstrual cycle and contraception. It
introduces significant new topics. The chapter on HIV infections is
especially important. The section on reproductive behavior and
population change will be critical to public health officials. The
expanded section on `Providing Family Planning Services' has greater
depth and breadth because it includes a chapter on education and
counseling, as well as one on quality assurance. This new edition
brings important ideas to the provision of services for family
planning. Prevention, education, and the quality of clinical service
get greater emphasis. It also discusses, in detail, new approaches to
contraception, such as long-acting hormone implants. Program
management, as well as clinic management, is an important part of this
new edition."
Correspondence: Centers for Disease
Control and Prevention, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention
and Health Promotion, Division of Reproductive Health (C06), Atlanta,
GA 30333. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:30296 Vann, Richard T.
Unnatural infertility, or, whatever happened in Colyton? Some
reflections on "English population history from family
reconstitution 1580-1837" Continuity and Change, Vol. 14, No.
1, May 1999. 91-104 pp. Cambridge, England. In Eng.
The author
discusses the recent book by Wrigley, Oeppen, Schofield, and Davies,
English population history from family reconstitution 1580-1837.
"The volume contains a wealth of new data.... It also introduces
new analytic techniques which surely tease out of the data just about
everything that they can reveal.... I shall argue that family
limitation is a sort of `absent presence' or repressed theme in the
book's treatment of changes in fertility, so that it leaves the
question of its prevalence still open."
Correspondence:
R. T. Vann, Wesleyan University, Department of History,
Middletown, CT 06459. Location: Princeton University Library
(SF).
65:30297 Woodsong, Cynthia; Koo, Helen
P. Two good reasons: women's and men's perspectives on
dual contraceptive use. Social Science and Medicine, Vol. 49, No.
5, Sep 1999. 567-80 pp. Oxford, England. In Eng.
"In the U.S.,
continued high rates of unintended pregnancy, combined with increases
in heterosexual transmission of HIV to women, have sharply magnified
concern about the factors leading to or barring the use of
contraceptive methods to protect concurrently against both risks. This
paper reports on results of focus group research among African-American
women participating in a longitudinal study and African-American men
who are either partners of the women or are of similar socio-economic
status as their partners. We found a high level of agreement between
men and women on the issues and problems that both sexes face. People
felt that regardless of a woman's use of other contraceptive methods, a
condom should always be used for protection. This belief, however,
differed markedly from actual practice. Although we attempted to
discern the relative salience of concern about pregnancy versus [sexual
transmitted infections], we conclude that people may not separate these
two concerns in their resolve to use two
methods."
Correspondence: C. Woodsong, Center for
International Development, Research Triangle Institute, 3040 Cornwallis
Road, P.O. Box 12194, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709-2194. E-mail:
woodsong@rti.org. Location: Princeton University Library (PR).
65:30298 Yusuf, Farhat; Siedlecky,
Stefania. Female sterilizing operations in New South
Wales: a demographic perspective. Journal of the Australian
Population Association, Vol. 15, No. 1, May 1998. 69-79 pp. Canberra,
Australia. In Eng.
"This paper examines trends in female
sterilizing operations from a demographic perspective. These operations
have declined in New South Wales since 1981, with a substantial drop in
tubal ligation and hysterectomy, particularly among younger women. The
decline in sterilization of women of childbearing age has been due to
postponement of births. Younger women have avoided terminal methods of
birth control and continued to use methods, such as oral contraceptives
and back-up abortion, which allow for a pregnancy at a later age.
Sterilizing operations still remain the most commonly reported means of
birth control by women over age 35."
Correspondence:
F. Yusuf, Macquarie University, School of Economic and Financial
Studies, Demographic Research Group, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:30299 Zambia. Ministry of Health (Lusaka,
Zambia). Family planning in reproductive health: policy
framework, strategies and guidelines. LC 98-981006. Mar 1997. vi,
116 pp. Lusaka, Zambia. In Eng.
This report concerns family
planning and reproductive health in Zambia. Section 1 concerns the
country's policy framework. Section 2 deals with strategies for
providing family planning within reproductive health, including the
background and need for such strategies, improving access to and
quality of care of family planning services, target groups for
reproductive health, and prevention and management of abortion,
infertility, and cervical cancer. Section 3 covers family planning
methods, including effectiveness, acceptability, and service delivery
requirements.
Location: U.S. Library of Congress,
Washington, D.C.
Selected studies on the medical aspects of fertility control methods, including studies on side effects and use-effectiveness.
65:30300 Bonnar, John. Experience
in the use of natural family planning in the field: calendar and
calendar-basal body temperature methods. Genus, Vol. 54, No. 3-4,
Jul-Dec 1998. 119-28 pp. Rome, Italy. In Eng. with sum. in Ita; Fre.
"In this paper I will review the calendar method and the
calendar/temperature method of family planning and deal with the
difficulties which arise with these methods of natural fertility
regulation." Results indicate that "using basal body
temperature (BBT) alone with coitus confined to the post ovulation
infertile phase, pregnancy rates are 0.11-1.2 per 100 women per year
for meth