Studies with an emphasis on locational patterns and their interpretation.
Studies of rural and urban populations considered together. Studies that are concerned primarily with the movement of population are classified under H. Migration. Studies concerned with the definition of urban or rural areas and with boundary changes are classified here or in O.1. Population Statistics, General Aspects.
65:30033 Dehghan, Farhad; Vargas Uribe,
Guillermo. Analysing Mexican population concentration: a
model with empirical evidence. Urban Studies, Vol. 36, No. 8, Jul
1999. 1,269-81 pp. Abingdon, England. In Eng.
"In this study,
we analyse the economic determinants of population concentration in
Mexico, estimating a time-series/cross-sectional model for 1895-1990 in
which the Pareto coefficient is a measure of population concentration.
The fundamental lesson of this paper is that there is a clear and
unequivocal U-shaped pattern between population concentration and
economic development. This finding was not confirmed in cross-national
studies. Our results are consistent with central-place theory and
suggest that as development proceeds, agglomeration benefits of large
cities are exhausted and the optimum level of production is exceeded.
Hence, government policies aimed at encouraging decentralisation may
not interfere with economic growth and
efficiency."
Correspondence: F. Dehghan, University of
Wisconsin, Department of Economics, Platteville, WI 53818. E-Mail:
Dehghan@am.uwplatt.edu. Location: Princeton University Library
(UES).
65:30034 Marpsat, Maryse. Models
of "neighborhood effects" in the United States: a review of
recent surveys. [La modélisation des "effets de
quartier" aux Etats-Unis: une revue des travaux récents.]
Population, Vol. 54, No. 2, Mar-Apr 1999. 303-30 pp. Paris, France. In
Fre. with sum. in Eng; Spa.
"At a time when the media,
politicians and researchers are exercised by the question of `difficult
areas', this article examines the way in which American social
scientists have analyzed neighborhood effects on individual behaviour
and situations, particularly among young people.... The article begins
by defining the field of study and reviewing the background to the
development of the methods used and the problems that remain. Two
articles and a work of synthesis dealing with this aspect of the
scientific literature are then examined to highlight the relative
consensus which exists among American researchers about the topics to
be investigated and the range of interpretations considered. There
follows a detailed examination of a number of
studies...."
Correspondence: M. Marpsat, Institut
National d'Etudes Démographiques, 133 boulevard Davout, 75980
Paris Cedex 20, France. E-mail: marpsat@ined.fr. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:30035 Newbold, K. Bruce.
Spatial distribution and redistribution of immigrants in the
metropolitan United States, 1980 and 1990. Economic Geography,
Vol. 75, No. 3, Jul 1999. 254-71 pp. Worcester, Massachusetts. In Eng.
"Using data from the 1980 and 1990 5 percent [U.S.] Public Use
Microdata Samples, I compare the settlement patterns and reasons for
migration among foreign-born cohorts.... Although it is not possible to
follow individuals over the two periods, aggregate changes in group
location and migration patterns can be evaluated. Both period
(differences associated with migration over time) and cohort
(differences in migration behavior across arrival cohorts within a
particular period) effects can be modeled. Of interest are the
distribution, redistribution, and magnitude of change in the immigrant
settlement system, along with why these adjustments occur for the 25
largest metropolitan areas in the United States. Results indicate that
arrival cohorts of different vintages show contrasting responses to the
determinants of settlement and migration behavior, although the overall
distribution of the foreign-born population changed little over the two
census periods."
Correspondence: K. B. Newbold,
University of Illinois, Department of Geography, Urbana, IL 61801.
Location: Princeton University Library (PF).
65:30036 O'Leary, John. The
resurgence of marvellous Melbourne--trends in population distribution
in Victoria, 1991 to 1996. People and Place, Vol. 7, No. 1, 1999.
33-8 pp. Clayton, Australia. In Eng.
"Between 1991 and 1996
the population of Melbourne [Australia] grew faster than that of
Regional Victoria. During the same period the population of Sydney grew
faster than that of Regional New South Wales. Both these developments
were unexpected. They occurred during a period of declining net
overseas migration. Both developments can be partly explained by fewer
people leaving Melbourne and Sydney and moving to the regional areas of
their respective states. In Victoria, this development can also be
partly explained by an increase in the number of people migrating
interstate from Regional Victoria."
Correspondence: J.
O'Leary, Monash University, School of Geography and Environmental
Science, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:30037 ter Heide, Henk. Future
population distribution in the past and present. Tijdschrift voor
Economische en Sociale Geografie/Journal of Economic and Social
Geography, Vol. 90, No. 1, 1999. 117-24 pp. Oxford, England. In Eng.
"There is at present much public interest in the future
geography of the Netherlands. Plans for new infrastructure to
accommodate rail, road and air traffic are hotly debated. The location
of new residential areas and the disposition of economic activity are
also frequently discussed. Supply and demand of employment and housing
show diverging trends in various parts of the country. For planners
this raises the question as to the likely or advisable future
population distribution."
Correspondence: H. ter
Heide, Machtelderf 13, 2743 HD Waddinxveen, Netherlands. E-mail:
h.terheide@geog.uu.nl. Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
Studies of urban populations, including those of metropolitan areas and suburban and semi-urban zones. Also includes studies on urbanization insofar as they relate to the effects of migration on urban areas or the socioeconomic and demographic structure of urban populations. Studies on the actual process of rural-urban migration are coded under H.6. Rural-Urban Migration.
65:30038 Birrell, Bob; O'Connor, Kevin;
Rapson, Virginia. Explaining spatial concentrations of the
poor in metropolitan Melbourne. People and Place, Vol. 7, No. 1,
1999. 53-64 pp. Clayton, Australia. In Eng.
"Analysis of data
from the 1996 Census of six Melbourne localities suggests that some
recent explanations for spatial concentrations of the poor in
metropolitan areas are incomplete. In these middle-suburban locations
the better-off are moving out, leaving behind those with less
resources. While people of Australian or English-speaking background
are more likely than those of non-English-speaking background (NESB) to
leave, the inflow from overseas is predominantly of poor NESB people.
Together, these two processes are adding to the spatial concentrations
of the poor in Melbourne."
Correspondence: B. Birrell,
Monash University, Centre for Population and Urban Research, Clayton,
Victoria 3168, Australia. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
65:30039 Burnley, Ian. Levels of
immigrant residential concentration in Sydney and their relationship
with disadvantage. Urban Studies, Vol. 36, No. 8, Jul 1999.
1,295-315 pp. Abingdon, England. In Eng.
"This paper examines
levels of birthplace and language-group segregation in Sydney. This is
because the label `ghetto' has been applied by the popular press and
some social scientists to residential concentrations, in particular,
those of persons from Asia. Because one of the defining criteria for
ghettos has been poverty and disadvantage, the paper then assesses
whether disadvantage is associated with immigrant concentrations; and
whether the linkage is causal in Sydney, Australia's largest
metropolis."
Correspondence: I. Burnley, University of
New South Wales, School of Geography, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
E-mail: i.burnley@unsw.edu.au. Location: Princeton University
Library (UES).
65:30040 Chaubey, P. K. Factor
decomposition of urbanisation growth. Demography India, Vol. 27,
No. 2, Jul-Dec 1998. 319-26 pp. Delhi, India. In Eng.
The author
"considers the factor decomposition of urbanisation growth which
is defined as percentage change in a given urbanisation index. We have
considered here three indices only--the urban rural ratio, urban
proportion of population and the new index proposed by [the
author]." The method is illustrated with population data for India
for 1981 and 1991.
Correspondence: P. K. Chaubey, G. B.
Pant Social Science Institute, Allahabad, India. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:30041 Laskar, Serajul I.
Urbanization in Bangladesh: some contemporary observations.
Bangladesh Development Studies, Vol. 24, No. 1-2, Mar-Jun 1996. 207-16
pp. Dhaka, Bangladesh. In Eng.
The author analyzes "levels and
trends of urbanization in Bangladesh [and] also makes an attempt to
elucidate the implications of urbanization.... The...analysis
corroborates that although the overall level of urbanization remained
low, the sheer magnitude of total urban population has become
formidable."
Correspondence: S. I. Laskar, Bangladesh
Institute of Development Studies, Adamjee Court, Motijheel Commercial
Area, Dhaka-2, Bangladesh. Location: Princeton University
Library (PF).
65:30042 Le Bris, Emile.
Urbanization and urban policies in developing countries.
[Urbanisation et politiques urbaines dans les pays en
développement.] In: Populations et développements: une
approche globale et systémique, edited by Michel Loriaux. 1998.
297-356 pp. Academia-Bruylant: Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium; L'Harmattan:
Paris, France. In Fre.
This is a general review of some of the
problems associated with urbanization in the developing world. The
author describes differences in urbanization patterns over time by
continent and the causes and consequences of urbanization. Particular
attention is given to the almost universal development of a large,
poverty-stricken underclass in most cities, and to the possibilities
for urban policies in such conditions. Case studies on urbanization in
the Ivory Coast and Burkina Faso are presented.
Correspondence:
E. Le Bris, Institut Français de Recherche pour le
Développement en Coopération, 24 rue Bayard, 75008 Paris,
France. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:30043 Lindenboim, Javier; Ramondo, Natalia;
Lugo, María A. The urban population of Argentina,
1960-1991: a methodological revision and some statistical results.
[La población urbana argentina, 1960-1991: revisión
metodológica y resultados estadísticos.] Cuaderno del
CEPED, No. 1, 1997. [viii], 133 pp. Centro de Estudios sobre
Población, Empleo y Desarrollo: Buenos Aires, Argentina. In Spa.
This is an analysis of urbanization trends in Argentina over the
period 1960-1991, taking into account changes in boundaries and
corrections to the data that were unavailable previously. Data are
primarily taken from the 1991 census. In the first part, the authors
examine reasons why data comparability between different official
sources is difficult. In the second part, they describe the methods
used to overcome these difficulties and present a series of comparable
data on urbanization. The third and fourth parts contain the actual
data. The data are also provided by region, province, and
locality.
Correspondence: Centro de Estudios sobre
Población, Empleo y Desarrollo, Avenida Córdoba 2122 1er
piso, 1120 Buenos Aires, Argentina. E-mail: ceped@econ.urba.ar.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:30044 Lo, Fu-chen; Yeung, Yue-man.
Globalization and the world of large cities. ISBN
92-808-0999-7. LC 98-19736. Oct 1998. xvi, 529 pp. United Nations
University Press: Tokyo, Japan. In Eng.
This collective work is the
product of a number of research projects undertaken at the United
Nations University in Tokyo on the world's mega-cities. The 18
contributions cover "a number of critical themes which relate to
globalization, such as urban corridors, Islamic cities, new
technologies, transport and telecommunications, financial centres, and
food issues. World cities are discussed not simply for the functions
they perform in the global economy, but also to examine the processes
by which they came to perform those functions." Part 1 presents 14
regional surveys and studies on selected world cities. Part 2 provides
four papers on key issues about the urban
future.
Correspondence: United Nations University Press,
United Nations University, 53-70 Jingumae 5-chome, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo
150, Japan. E-mail: mbox@hq.unu.edu. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
65:30045 McCracken, Kevin. Recent
trends in Sydney's population. Geography Bulletin, Vol. 31, No. 1,
Summer 1999. 5-11, 38 pp. Sydney, Australia. In Eng.
"In the
summer 1990 issue of this journal the author published a...paper on
[Sydney, Australia's] population geography. The profile drawn in that
paper was Sydney as of the mid-1980s. The aim of the present article is
to provide readers with an up-date on that profile, examining the
demographic evolution of the city over the past decade...."
Aspects considered include population growth, internal patterns of
population change, ethnic composition, health, and age
distribution.
Correspondence: K. McCracken, Macquarie
University, Department of Human Geography, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:30046 Medvedkov, Yuri; Medvedkov,
Olga. Turning points and trends in Russia's
urbanization. In: Population under duress: the geodemography of
post-Soviet Russia, edited by George J. Demko, Grigory Ioffe, and
Zhanna Zayonchkovskaya. 1999. 201-29 pp. Westview Press: Boulder,
Colorado/Oxford, England. In Eng.
"This chapter focuses on a
major trend in urban processes in contemporary Russia: the absolute
decrease of urban population from 1992 to 1997. This negative trend is
a drastic departure from trends in the Soviet period.... Improved
statistical sources in Russia provide an opportunity to study urban
trends in detail, including interregional differences. The approach in
this analysis is neither prescriptive nor judgmental; rather, we are
guided by the desire to understand urban processes in
Russia."
Correspondence: Y. Medvedkov, Ohio State
University, Department of Geography, 190 North Oval Mall, Columbus, OH
43210-1361. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
Studies of agricultural and farming populations.
65:30047 Ioffe, Grigory; Nefedova,
Tatyana. Rural population change and agriculture. In:
Population under duress: the geodemography of post-Soviet Russia,
edited by George J. Demko, Grigory Ioffe, and Zhanna Zayonchkovskaya.
1999. 231-59 pp. Westview Press: Boulder, Colorado/Oxford, England. In
Eng.
The authors "take up the issue of rural depopulation,
which, as it appears, did not lose a bit of relevance in Russia even as
rural-urban migrations were reversed in favor of the countryside in
1991.... The authors distinguish between natural increase, migration,
and settlement reclassification as factors of rural population
dynamics. They consider the history of rural consolidation in Russia
and the predominant views on rural processes in Russia and in the West.
Among other things, they conclude that the spatial contraction of
robust farming activities in Russia spurred by population dynamics in
the final analysis may be to Russia's
benefit."
Correspondence: G. Ioffe, Radford
University, Department of Geography, Radford, VA 24142. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
