Studies and documentary statements relating to governmental policy as it affects population.
Studies relating primarily to national and international population policies and development assistance for population activities. Studies of policies affecting the quality of populations that are not covered by L.4. Demographic Factors and Human Genetics are classified under this heading.
65:20694 Asian Population and Development
Association (Tokyo, Japan). Comparative study of
population policies in Asia: focus on eight Asian countries. 1998.
224 pp. Tokyo, Japan. In Eng.
"The purpose of this research is
to study the history and condition of population policy in the Asian
countries at the present moment which may well be the turning point
when the problem of population is seen as a global problem and to set
out short- and long-term outlooks on these matters." Chapters are
included on policies in China, South Korea, Indonesia, Malaysia, the
Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, and Viet Nam.
Correspondence:
Asian Population and Development Association, Collins 3 Building
3F, 1-5-1 Shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-0022, Japan. E-mail:
apdatyoj@gol.com. Location: Population Council Library, New
York, NY.
65:20695 Behrman, Jere R.; Knowles, James
C. Population and reproductive health: an economic
framework for policy evaluation. Population and Development
Review, Vol. 24, No. 4, Dec 1998. 697-737, 898-900 pp. New York, New
York. In Eng. with sum. in Fre; Spa.
"This article provides a
standard economic framework to evaluate policies in the population and
reproductive health fields and illustrates its use in order to
facilitate cross-disciplinary exchanges between economists and others
working in these areas.... The article illustrates this framework with
a cost-benefit analysis of a safe motherhood project in Indonesia and a
distributional analysis of family planning and reproductive health
services in Vietnam. Application of the policy framework to a number of
resource and finance issues in population and reproductive health
suggests that a significant program bias favors publicly provided
services and hinders the emergence of a more efficient mix of private
and public providers competing on an equal
basis."
Correspondence: J. R. Behrman, University of
Pennsylvania, Department of Economics, McNeil 160, 3718 Locust Walk,
Philadelphia, PA 19104-6297. E-mail: jbehrman@econ.sas.upenn.edu.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:20696 Birg, Herwig.
Demographic knowledge and political responsibility: considerations
concerning population development in Germany in the 21st century.
[Demographisches Wissen und politische Verantwortung: Überlegungen
zur Bevölkerungsentwicklung Deutschlands im 21. Jahrhundert.]
Zeitschrift für Bevölkerungswissenschaft, Vol. 23, No. 3,
1998. 221-51 pp. Wiesbaden, Germany. In Ger. with sum. in Eng; Fre.
"The article deals with the question as to why the current
state of knowledge and the general awareness as far as the
interdependence of the demographic and social problems in Germany are
concerned are unsatisfactory.... The urgency of providing objective
information on the demographic facts and trends is explained on the
basis of demographic projections for 21st century Germany.... It is
shown that demography and democracy are closely connected to each other
and that a democracy which does justice to its responsibility for the
living conditions of the coming generations which are determined
by...demographic development cannot make population politics taboo by
pointing to the abuse of demography which took place during the
National Socialist period. The thesis of this article is that
population [policy]--especially family [policy], migration [policy] and
integration [policy]--is not only in agreement with the aims of our
democratic society but is urgently required in order to achieve such
aims."
Correspondence: H. Birg, Universität
Bielefeld, Institut für Bevölkerungsforschung und
Sozialpolitik, Postfach 100131, 33501 Bielefeld, Germany. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:20697 Bittles, A. H.; Chew, Y.-Y.
Eugenics and population policies. In: Human biology and social
inequality, edited by S. S. Strickland and P. S. Shetty. 1998. 272-87
pp. Cambridge University Press: New York, New York/Cambridge, England.
In Eng.
The history of the eugenics movement as a whole is first
reviewed, and the problems that were caused for the eugenics movement
by the adoption and implementation of eugenic objectives by the
authorities in Nazi Germany are discussed. The authors then describe
the more recent development of population policies with some eugenic
objectives in China and Singapore. The authors conclude that the
efficacy of such policies remains to be determined. They also suggest
that the ethical concerns about such policies are less likely to be of
concern in Asia, as they are primarily related to the experiences of
European societies.
Correspondence: A. H. Bittles, Edith
Cowan University, Department of Human Biology, Joondalup Campus, Perth,
WA 6027, Australia. Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
65:20698 Hayes, Adrian C. Cairo
and the changing definition of population and development issues.
Journal of the Australian Population Association, Vol. 12, No. 1, May
1995. 15-23 pp. Canberra, Australia. In Eng.
"The goal of the
United Nations International Conference on Population and Development
(ICPD), held in Cairo in September 1994, was to agree on a Programme of
Action in the field of population and development which would supersede
the Plan of Action agreed to at Bucharest in 1974 and subsequently
amended ten years later in Mexico City. The main purpose of the present
paper is to characterize some of the principal intellectual and
ideological developments of the last 20 years which have had an impact
on the definition of this goal. I conclude with some brief comments on
the Programme of Action adopted by consensus at the
Conference."
Correspondence: A. C. Hayes, Australian
National University, Demography Program, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:20699 McNicoll, Geoffrey.
Institutional impediments to population policy in Australia.
Journal of the Australian Population Association, Vol. 12, No. 2, Nov
1995. 97-112 pp. Canberra, Australia. In Eng.
"Despite being
near the top of the OECD league in rate of population growth, Australia
does not have any explicit population policy.... Vague, demographically
ill-informed, and mutually inconsistent views of a desired population
size or trajectory for Australia co-exist, with no arena for systematic
engagement and considered debate among them.... However, there are also
specific historical circumstances that led to this outcome, and that
perpetuate it."
Correspondence: G. McNicoll,
Australian National University, Research School of Social Sciences,
Demography Program, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:20700 Shenstone, Michael.
World population: why we should pay heed. International
Journal, Vol. 53, No. 3, Summer 1998. 554-74 pp. Toronto, Canada. In
Eng.
"By 1999, five years will have passed since the huge
International Conference on Population and Development (ICPD) in Cairo.
In the meantime, the key population issues...have receded from public
attention. To bring them to the forefront once again, the United
Nations, with support from Canada and others, is organizing a series of
events over the coming year...on various ICPD themes.... It is hoped
that this article may help to indicate what is at stake, for, in the
field of population, there are major long-term implications for
international relations and for Canadian policy."
Location:
U.S. Library of Congress, Washington, D.C.
65:20701 United Nations. Department of
Economic and Social Affairs. Population Division (New York, New
York). National population policies. No.
ST/ESA/SER.A/171, Pub. Order No. E.99.XIII.3. 1998. x, 444 pp. New
York, New York. In Eng.
This publication is part of an ongoing
effort by the UN Population Division to monitor and disseminate
information on the implementation of the Programme of Action agreed to
at the 1994 Cairo International Conference on Population and
Development. It provides a summary overview of population policies and
changes in those policies for all countries for which such information
is available. The focus is on three basic policy components: government
perceptions of population size, growth, structure, and distribution,
and of the demographic components of fertility, mortality, and
migration that affect them; government objectives with respect to each
of these variables; and government policies concerning interventions
designed to influence each variable. "The material is presented in
the form of two-page data sheets: the first page contains population
policy data for each country around the dates 1976, 1986 and 1996, and
the second page provides demographic and socio-economic indicators for
the corresponding years."
Correspondence: UN
Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division, DC2
1950, United Nations, New York, NY 10017. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
Government policies aimed at directly influencing fertility and nuptiality, and policies with an indirect effect on fertility such as family allowances, pregnancy and maternity benefits, infant welfare measures, and government regulation of fertility controls, including abortion.
65:20702 Alberdi, Inés.
The family. Similarity and difference in Spanish family models in
the European context. [La familia. Convergencia y divergencia de
los modelos familiares españoles en el entorno europeo.]
Política y Sociedad, No. 26, Sep-Dec 1997. 73-94, 187-8 pp.
Madrid, Spain. In Spa. with sum. in Eng.
"The paper analyses
the political decisions related to family matters in European countries
in order to compare family policies in each of them. The author makes
the distinction between explicit and tacit family policies. In some
European countries, like France, the policy of the family is explicit
and the public debate on family affairs is open and frequent. In Spain,
on the contrary, there is not a public debate on family issues and
related policies.... The paper points out the difficult task of
comparing family policies in European countries due to the variety of
measures, the diversity of objectives and the different ideological
design in each case." A section is included on the situation in
Spain.
Correspondence: I. Alberdi, Universidad Complutense
de Madrid, Departamento de Sociología I, Ciudad Universitaria,
28040 Madrid, Spain. Location: Princeton University Library
(PR).
65:20703 Ashford, Lori; Makinson,
Carolyn. Reproductive health in policy and practice. Case
studies from Brazil, India, Morocco, and Uganda. Jan 1999. 32 pp.
Population Reference Bureau: Washington, D.C. In Eng.
"To
asses how the Cairo [The International Conference on Population and
Development (ICPD)] program is being implemented in diverse settings,
senior researchers in Brazil, India, Morocco, and Uganda conducted case
studies that document changes in reproductive health policies and
services, as well as in the political and social environment in which
initiatives are carried out. They also analyzed how resources have been
raised and allocated to support reproductive health
programs."
Correspondence: Population Reference
Bureau, 1875 Connecticut Avenue NW, Suite 520, Washington, D.C.
20009-5728. E-mail: popref@prb.org. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
65:20704 Atoh, Makoto. Social and
economic background of very low fertility and policy responses to
it. Jinko Mondai Kenkyu/Journal of Population Problems, Vol. 54,
No. 1, 1998. 1-6 pp. Tokyo, Japan. In Jpn.
This is a general review
of the trend toward below-replacement fertility in developed countries
and of the policy initiatives that have been developed in response to
such trends.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:20705 Cleland, John; Lush,
Louisiana. Population and policies in Bangladesh,
Pakistan. Forum for Applied Research and Public Policy, Vol. 12,
No. 2, Summer 1997. 46-50 pp. Knoxville, Tennessee. In Eng.
The
authors compare population trends and policies in Bangladesh and
Pakistan. Aspects considered include reasons for differences between
the two countries, fertility trends, family planning programs, and
falling birth rates.
Correspondence: J. Cleland, London
School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Centre for Population Studies,
49-51 Bedford Square, Keppel Street, London WC1B 3DP, England.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:20706 Hardee, Karen; Agarwal, Kokila; Luke,
Nancy; Wilson, Ellen; Pendzich, Margaret; Farrell, Marguerite; Cross,
Harry. Reproductive health policies and programs in eight
countries: progress since Cairo. International Family Planning
Perspectives, Vol. 25, Suppl., Jan 1999. 2-9 pp. New York, New York. In
Eng. with sum. in Fre; Spa.
"In this article, we present case
studies from eight countries conducted to assess their progress in
implementing the Cairo Programme of Action. These
countries--Bangladesh, Ghana, India, Jamaica, Jordan, Nepal, Peru and
Senegal--span a diverse range of cultural, social, economic and family
planning program contexts." Results indicate that "while all
but two of the countries have adopted the ICPD [International
Conference on Population and Development] definition of reproductive
health and all have initiated policy reforms to reflect a new focus,
less has been accomplished in implementing integrated reproductive
health programs."
This is a revised version of a paper
originally presented at the 1998 Annual Meeting of the Population
Association of America.
Correspondence: K. Hardee, Futures
Group International, POLICY Project, 1050 17th Street NW, Suite 1000,
Washington, D.C. 20036. Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
65:20707 Jain, Anrudh. Do
population policies matter? Fertility and politics in Egypt, India,
Kenya, and Mexico. ISBN 0-87834-091-2. LC 98-28679. 1998. xix, 203
pp. Population Council: New York, New York. In Eng.
"The four
country studies in this volume [investigate] population policymaking
and the politics surrounding it from historical and contemporary
perspectives. The countries [examined were] Egypt, India, Kenya, and
Mexico.... Issues related to the evolution of a population policy
include the role of key stakeholders, the influence of internal
politics and international agencies, the administrative structures
guiding the program and providing coordination, and the degree of
flexibility and autonomy at the local level. An introductory essay
offers observations on the politics of fertility transition over the
past several decades, while a concluding essay speculates on the future
of population policies."
Correspondence: Population
Council, One Dag Hammarskjold Plaza, New York, NY 10017. Location:
Population Council Library, New York, NY.
65:20708 Landwerlin, Gerardo M.
The present and future of family planning in Spain. [Presente
y futuro de la política familiar en España.] Revista
Española de Investigaciones Sociológicas, No. 70, Apr-Jun
1995. 67-90 pp. Madrid, Spain. In Spa. with sum. in Eng.
"This
paper deals with the three main features that underpin family policy in
Spain today, namely privatisation, inclusion in the sphere of welfare,
and fragmentation, placing them in the broader context of the
development of this component of social policy. The author contends
that we are witnessing a shift in the political arena, marked by an
increasing awareness of the need to redirect the current thrust of
family policy. The article goes further into the study of how the state
provides for dependent relatives in different family situations, from
the viewpoint of, on the one hand, comparisons with other countries
and, on the other, of the risk of skidding into poverty that results
from the presence of dependent relatives."
Correspondence:
G. M. Landwerlin, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049
Madrid, Spain. Location: Princeton University Library (PR).
65:20709 Liang, Zhongtang; Tan,
Kejian. Demographic analysis of the effect of the
population policy of "deferred marriage and reproduction plus
interval" in Yicheng County, Shanxi Province. Chinese Journal
of Population Science, Vol. 10, No. 1, 1998. 1-15 pp. New York, New
York. In Eng.
The authors report on a program instituted in Yicheng
County, China, in 1985. "The `one family, one child' policy that
had been in effect in Yicheng County was replaced with the policy of
`deferred marriage and reproduction plus interval'.... This study is an
analysis of the experiment conducted...from a new perspective based on
empirical data."
Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
65:20710 Mitchell, Jennifer D.
Before the next doubling. World Watch, Vol. 11, No. 1, Jan-Feb
1998. 20-7 pp. Washington, D.C. In Eng.
"Over the past 40
years, the world's population has doubled. This paper argues that
because of the size of the next reproductive generation, we probably
have only a relative few years to stop [the] next doubling. It assesses
the effectiveness of existing strategies to reduce population in
developing countries, and explores the three dimensions of population
explosion; unmet demand for family planning, desire for large families,
and population momentum."
Correspondence: J. D.
Mitchell, Worldwatch Institute, 1776 Massachusetts Avenue NW,
Washington, D.C. 20036. Location: Princeton University Library
(PR).
65:20711 Mukerji, S. Family
planning and target-setting. Journal of Family Welfare, Vol. 44,
No. 2, Jun 1998. 25-7 pp. Mumbai, India. In Eng.
"The
recommendation of setting family planning targets for India and its
major states on the assumption of attaining a net reproduction rate
(NRR) of unity by target year(s) resulted in a period of considerable
disagreement among demographers and social scientists.... Though...the
author [had previously] supported NRR-based target-setting, after
nearly a decade, the conviction has waned a little mainly due to a few
theoretical considerations outlined in [this
paper]."
Correspondence: S. Mukerji, Flat No. 401,
Sector 7, Plot No. 1103, Kophar Khairne, Navi Mumbai 400 703, India.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:20712 Oláh, Livia Sz.
Do public policies influence fertility? Evidence from Sweden and
Hungary from a gender perspective. Stockholm Research Reports in
Demography, No. 130, ISBN 91-7820-131-4. Dec 1998. 57 pp. Stockholm
University, Demography Unit: Stockholm, Sweden. In Eng.
"In
the industrialized world, public policies may play a crucial role in
reducing the incompatibility of employment and parenthood and thus may
influence fertility. This paper provides a partial test of this
hypothesis from a gender perspective. I focus on public-policy impacts
on second-birth rates of women and men in Sweden and Hungary from the
late 1960s to the early 1990s [using] data from the Swedish and
Hungarian Fertility and Family Surveys of
1992/93...."
Correspondence: Stockholm University,
Demography Unit, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden. Author's E-mail:
f63os5f8@students.su.se. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
65:20713 Srinivasan, K.
Population policies and programmes since independence (a saga of
great expectations and poor performance). Demography India, Vol.
27, No. 1, Jan-Jun 1998. 1-22 pp. Delhi, India. In Eng.
The author
critically examines the population policies and programs adopted in
India since 1951. Four periods are studied: 1951-1975, when the
national program was health-department operated, incentive based,
target oriented, time bound, and sterilization focused; June 1975-March
1977, an emergency period during which a coercive approach was taken;
1977-1994, the post-emergency recovery period; and 1995 onward, which
focused on a reproductive and child health
approach.
Correspondence: K. Srinivasan, Population
Foundation of India, B-28 Qutab Institutional Area, New Delhi 110 016,
India. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:20714 Takahashi, Miyuki.
Akago-yoiku-shihou, the fertility increase law in
Nihonmatsu-domain. Jinkogaku Kenkyu/Journal of Population Studies,
No. 23, Nov 1998. 41-53 pp. Tokyo, Japan. In Jpn. with sum. in Eng.
"This paper examines the effects of a [Japanese]
Tokugawa-period [1603-1868] law known as Akago-yoiku-shihou, an
administrative attempt to shape fertility behavior of the domestic
population. Akago-yoiku-shihou refers to the law to increase fertility
under which local authorities distributed money and clothing to fathers
according to the number of children they had.... By observing the
relationship between the law and demographic variables such as the
fertility rate, the births of twins and the births of mothers working
as gejo, or servant, this paper gauges the effects of the
Akago-yoiku-shihou."
Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
65:20715 Wissenburg, Marcel. The
rapid reproducers paradox: population control and individual
procreative rights. Environmental Politics, Vol. 7, No. 2, Summer
1998. 78-99 pp. Ilford, England. In Eng.
"In this article, I
consider the impact of population policies on individual rights (in a
very broad sense of the word), a topic that has received
disproportionately little attention in debates on the legitimacy of
population rights. I first concentrate on arguments in favour of very
radical antinatalist policies and assess these on the basis of rather
strict conditions that are typical for liberal democratic morality, but
I also show that many objections to these policies can apply to far
less radical policies and under far less stringent conditions. My main
objection to population policies is that they create a paradox:
although they may be beneficial overall, they punish individuals who do
not contribute to overpopulation and reward those who
do."
Correspondence: M. Wissenburg, University of
Nijmegen, Department of Political Science, Comeniuslaan 4, P.O. Box
9201, 6500 HC Nijmegen, Netherlands. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPIA).
Government policies relating to emigration, immigration, and population resettlement. See also the appropriate categories under H. Migration that include general studies also covering policy issues.
65:20716 Alba, Francisco. Mexican
migration policies after IRCA. [La política migratoria
mexicana después de IRCA.] Estudios Demográficos y
Urbanos, Vol. 14, No. 1, Jan-Apr 1999. 11-37, 261 pp. Mexico City,
Mexico. In Spa. with sum. in Eng.
"The responses given by
Mexico, particularly its government, to the issue of Mexican
immigration to the United States, have become more important since the
changes in U.S. immigration legislation, initiated in 1986 and updated
in 1996, and following the intensification of the immigrant and
xenophobic demonstrations carried out by large sectors of American
society. This paper briefly reviews Mexican policies implemented when
the Bracero programs ended and provides a more detailed analysis of how
government policies changed from the 1986 Immigration Reform and
Control Act (IRCA) to the more recent 1996 Illegal Immigration Reform
and Immigrant Responsibility Act, exploring some of the implications of
these changes and Mexico's current migration
policy."
Correspondence: F. Alba, El Colegio de
México, Centro de Estudios Demográficos y de Desarrollo
Urbano, Camino al Ajusco 20, 10740 Mexico City, DF, Mexico.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:20717 Betts, Katharine. The
character bill and migration rights. People and Place, Vol. 6, No.
3, 1998. 39-53 pp. Clayton, Australia. In Eng.
"For a decade
and a half the executive and the judiciary in Australia have been
engaged in a low-key struggle over who should have the final word on
questions of immigration control. The Character Bill represents the
latest move in this struggle.... The Bill aims to protect the community
from non-citizens who may be of bad character, particularly people who
may be criminals, when they apply for visas.... The Bill throws the
conflict between the interests of the Australian community and the
interests of some non-citizens into stark
relief."
Correspondence: K. Betts, Swinburne
University of Technology, Department of Sociology, P.O. Box 218,
Hawthorn, Victoria 3122, Australia. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
65:20718 Birrell, Bob. Skilled
migration policy under the Coalition. People and Place, Vol. 6,
No. 4, 1998. 37-51 pp. Clayton, Australia. In Eng.
"All of the
major permanent skilled migration categories have been or are currently
under review by [Australia's] Coalition Government. An analysis of the
review processes and outcomes (where complete) indicate that the
Coalition has mostly left these programs intact. However, in the case
of the Independent and Skilled--Australia Linked categories, an
important new element of skills targeting is about to be introduced
which indicates that the Coalition has taken account of some criticism
of past selection policies in regard to these
categories."
Correspondence: B. Birrell, Monash
University, Centre for Population and Urban Research, Clayton, Victoria
3168, Australia. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:20719 Centre d'Information et d'Etudes sur
les Migrations Internationales (Paris, France). New laws
on immigration in Europe. [De nouvelles lois sur l'immigration en
Europe.] Migrations Société, Vol. 10, No. 57, May-Jun
1998. 128 pp. Paris, France. In Fre.
This special issue contains a
selection of articles on recent changes in laws concerning immigration
in Europe. There are articles about these changes in France, Italy, and
Spain. A selective bibliography and a review of press coverage of the
recent changes in the law in France are included. The volume also
contains an article on return migration by the late Abdelmalek Sayad,
which is cited elsewhere in this issue.
Correspondence:
Centre d'Information et d'Etudes sur les Migrations
Internationales, 46 rue de Montreuil, 75011 Paris, France.
E-mail:ciemiparis@aol.com. Location: British Library, Document
Supply Centre, Wetherby, England.
65:20720 Cummings, Scott; Lambert,
Thomas. Immigration restrictions and the American worker:
an examination of competing interpretations. Population Research
and Policy Review, Vol. 17, No. 6, Dec 1998. 497-520 pp. Dordrecht,
Netherlands. In Eng.
"This paper examines three competing
interpretations of support for tougher immigration restrictions [in the
United States]. One interpretation posits that tighter restrictions are
favored by those in direct competition with immigrants for jobs, namely
low or unskilled workers who toil in labor markets that are low-paying
and often unstable. A second line of thought is that greater
restrictions are favored by workers who perceive immigrants as
potential competitors in labor markets, even though there may be no
real basis for such perceptions. The third interpretation explaining
support for tougher restrictions is rooted in a broad based cultural
nativism or nationalism, and relies heavily on traditional theories of
prejudice and discrimination. Data for the study are derived from the
1992 National Election Survey [conducted by the Center for Political
Studies, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan].
Contrary to theoretical expectations, neither actual nor perceived
economic insecurity explain variations in current levels of support for
tougher immigration restrictions among American workers. The
theoretical significance of the findings [is] discussed and elaborated.
Suggestions are made for future research in this important area of
inquiry."
Correspondence: S. Cummings, University of
Louisville, Urban Studies Institute, 426 West Bloom, Louisville, KY
40208. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:20721 Curran, Michael R.
Flickering lamp beside the golden door: immigration, the
constitution, and undocumented aliens in the 1990s. Case Western
Reserve Journal of International Law, Vol. 30, No. 1, Winter 1998.
57-142 pp. Cleveland, Ohio. In Eng.
"This article presents a
discussion of the rights and privileges of aliens in general and
undocumented aliens in particular as premised on constitutional and
legal bases. It addresses universal historical, economic, and
socio-political aspects of the undocumented alien issue, and also
discusses future trends and some recent [U.S.] Immigration and
Naturalization Service (INS) and court decisions dealing particularly
with undocumented aliens, deportation, etc. Finally, the material
concludes with suggestions for ways in which the legal system should
approach a subject that is as germane to and as much a part of
America's heritage as its governmental and political
institutions."
Location: Pennsylvania State University
Library, University Park, PA.
65:20722 Davis, Susan M.; Saunders, Mark N.
K. Freedom of movement for professionals: an assessment of
the effectiveness of European Union policy and the barriers that
remain. Journal of Applied Management Studies, Vol. 6, No. 2,
1997. 199-218 pp. Abingdon, England. In Eng.
"This paper
explores the impact of EU [European Union] legislation in overcoming
barriers to professionals' migration, thereby facilitating freedom of
movement between EU states.... Research on...factors influencing
migration levels of EU professionals and the possible ways
organisations overcome barriers is reviewed and a typology of
skilled...labour migration is proposed.... The paper concludes with an
evaluation of the effectiveness of policy and an assessment of barriers
that must be overcome in order to enable inter-EU state
migration."
Correspondence: S. M. Davis, Cheltenham
and Gloucester College of Higher Education, Human Resource Management
Research Centre, P.O. Box 220, Park Campus, The Park, Cheltenham, GL50
2QF, England. Location: British Library, Document Supply
Centre, Wetherby, England.
65:20723 Elmas, Hasan B. The
intervention of the immigration factor in Turco-European
relations. [L'intervention du facteur "immigration" dans
les relations turco-européennes.] Revue Européenne des
Migrations Internationales, Vol. 14, No. 3, 1998. 77-101 pp. Poitiers,
France. In Fre. with sum. in Eng; Spa.
"This article compares
the demographic, economic and political changes in Turkey since the end
of the Fifties, with [a focus on immigration trends and] relations
between Turkey and the European Community.... The current strong
potential for emigration in Turkey is...described, with its political
and economic determining factors. The European policies for mastering
immigration, which are essentially of a security nature, do not take
all of these new dimensions into account. The analysis of the Turkish
case shows the inefficiency of the measures adopted by the European
countries, since...populations of Turkish origin, Turks and Kurds,
[have] quadrupled since 1974, increasing from 1 to 4 million
people."
Correspondence: H. B. Elmas,
Université de Paris VIII, Département de Science
Politique, Centre d'Etudes sur la Turquie, Le Moyen-Orient et les
Balkans, 2 rue de la Liberté, 93526 St. Denis Cedex 02, France.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:20724 Federation for American Immigration
Reform [FAIR] (Washington, D.C.). How to win the
immigration debate. ISBN 0-935776-24-9. 1997. vi, 147 pp.
Washington, D.C. In Eng.
This manual presents the case for a reform
of U.S. immigration policy involving a reduction in present levels of
immigration. The basic arguments are that "present immigration
policy violates our immigration tradition; even if it didn't, it is
damaging to the economy; even if it weren't, it causes social strain;
and even if you disregard that, immigration drives population growth
and environmental degradation."
Correspondence:
Federation for American Immigration Reform, 1666 Connecticut
Avenue NW, Suite 400, Washington, D.C. 20009. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:20725 Freeman, Gary P. Reform
and retreat in United States immigration policy. People and Place,
Vol. 6, No. 4, 1998. 1-11 pp. Clayton, Australia. In Eng.
"Immigration policy in the United States has been dominated by
a form of client politics in which the relatively small number of
beneficiaries of high migration have been able to prevail against the
interests of the diffuse majority who pay the costs. However, in the
mid 1990s, Congress introduced tighter controls on illegal immigration
and restrictions on access to welfare benefits to migrants who were not
citizens. There were also attempts to cut the level of legal
immigration. Do these new moves indicate that client politics no longer
prevails? The outcome of the push for reform suggests that the answer
is no."
Correspondence: G. P. Freeman, University of
Texas, Department of Politics, Austin, TX 78712-1088. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:20726 Hakura, Fadi S. The
external EU immigration policy: the need to move beyond the
orthodoxy. European Foreign Affairs Review, Vol. 3, No. 1, Spring
1998. 115-34 pp. The Hague, Netherlands. In Eng.
"Anti-immigration sentiments have recently engrossed the
European Union (EU).... This article will, first, give an overall
picture on immigration in the Union; secondly, show that
the...justifications for barring EU bound immigrants are flawed and
generate negative repercussions on the EU's foreign policy and external
relations with third states; thirdly, propose an alternative paradigm
within which to conduct the discourse on the EU immigration
policy."
Location: New York Public Library, New York,
NY.
65:20727 Jonas, Susanne; Thomas, Suzie
D. Immigration: a civil rights issue for the
Americas. ISBN 0-8420-2775-0. LC 98-37844. 1999. xv, 206 pp.
Scholarly Resources: Wilmington, Delaware. In Eng.
This is a
collection of articles by different authors "offering a range of
perspectives among those who agree that immigrants [to the United
States] have rights but may differ about how to assert those
rights." Articles are as follows: Riding the endless immigration
roller coaster (a true story), by J. C. Malone; Beyond sovereignty:
immigration policy making today, by Saskia Sassen; The battle for the
border: notes on autonomous migration, transnational communities, and
the state, by Néstor Rodríguez; The expansion of
California agriculture and the rise of peasant-worker communities, by
Juan Vicente Palerm; Gender and international labor migration: a
networks approach, by Linda M. Matthei; Are immigration controls
ethical?, by John Isbister; Rethinking immigration policy and
citizenship in the Americas: a regional framework, by Susanne Jonas;
Chinese suburban immigration and political diversity in Monterey Park,
California, by John Horton; U.S. immigration and intergroup relations
in the late 20th century: African Americans and Latinos, by
Néstor Rodríguez; Treacherous waters in turbulent times:
navigating the recent sea change in U.S. immigration policy and
attitudes, by Lowell Sachs; For an immigration policy based on human
rights, by David Bacon; right-wing politics and the anti-immigration
cause, by Sara Diamond; and The immigration crisis: detention as an
emerging mechanism of social control, by Michael
Welch.
Correspondence: Scholarly Resources, 104 Greenhill
Avenue, Wilmington, DE 19805-1897. Location: Population
Council Library, New York, NY.
65:20728 Nackerud, Larry; Springer, Alyson;
Larrison, Christopher; Issac, Alicia. The end of the Cuban
contradiction in U.S. refugee policy. International Migration
Review, Vol. 33, No. 1, Spring 1999. 176-92 pp. Staten Island, New
York. In Eng.
"This article provides a description and
analysis of the 1994 Cuban Balsero (rafter) Crisis that prompted a
decision by the Clinton administration on May 2, 1995, to officially
end the open door era for Cuban acceptance into the United States....
The authors examine the interaction of variables that set the stage for
the Balsero Crisis and analyze how and why its resolution catalyzed the
historic policy change. Implications of the resolution of the Balsero
Crisis upon problems underlying U.S. relations with Cuba are
discussed."
Correspondence: L. Nackerud, University of
Georgia, School of Social Work, 301 Tucker Hall, Athens, GA 30602-7016.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:20729 Rapson, Virginia. New
Zealand's migration policy: a revolving door? People and Place,
Vol. 6, No. 4, 1998. 52-62 pp. Clayton, Australia. In Eng.
"Recent publicity in Australia concerning the New Zealand
Government's decision to increase its migration target suggests that
this reflected a new willingness to embrace an outward-looking
migration program. Analysis of the decision shows that it also derives
from a desire to compensate for the sharp increase in emigration from
New Zealand."
Correspondence: V. Rapson, Monash
University, Centre for Population and Urban Research, Clayton, Victoria
3168, Australia. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:20730 Rotte, Ralph; Vogler, Michael;
Zimmermann, Klaus F. South-North refugee migration:
lessons for development cooperation. Review of Development
Economics, Vol. 1, No. 1, 1997. 99-115 pp. Oxford, England. In Eng.
"Migration has become a major concern of European development
policies. By improving socio-economic and political conditions through
development cooperation, a reduction of South-North migration flows is
envisaged. This new approach is examined by analyzing the causes of
asylum migration from developing countries to Germany. The econometric
findings suggest that support of democracy, economic development and
trade will not reduce migration, at least not in the medium-run.
However, restrictive legal measures work. Migration control by
international development cooperation therefore seems to need a
long-term perspective."
Correspondence: R. Rotte,
University of Munich, 80539 Munich, Germany. E-mail:
Ralph.Rotte@selapo.vwl.uni-muenchen.de. Location: University
of Minnesota Library, Minneapolis, MN.
65:20731 Santibáñez
Romellón, Jorge. Some empirical effects of U.S.
immigration policies on the flow of Mexican immigrants. [Algunos
impactos empíricos de las políticas migratorias de
Estados Unidos en los flujos migratorios de mexicanos.] Estudios
Demográficos y Urbanos, Vol. 14, No. 1, Jan-Apr 1999. 39-74, 261
pp. Mexico City, Mexico. In Spa. with sum. in Eng.
"This
article describes how the basic characteristics of the migratory flow
between Mexico and the United States evolved between April 1993 and
November 1995, emphasizing changes in volume, sociodemographic traits,
the labor market, and familial and social links with the places of
arrival and departure in both countries. This article places particular
emphasis on California, which is not only the principal destination of
Mexican immigrants but also the North American state which best
illustrates the tensions between a series of anti-immigrant policies
and the economy's reliance on an immigrant labor force.... This paper
also posits a series of hypotheses on the short-term impact of U.S.
immigration policy."
Correspondence: J.
Santibáñez Romellón, El Colegio de la Frontera
Norte, Tijuana, Mexico. Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
65:20732 So, Alvin C. H.
Population movement in contemporary China. Department of
Geography Occasional Paper, No. 138, Jun 1997. 25 pp. Chinese
University of Hong Kong, Department of Geography: Hong Kong, China. In
Eng.
"This study aims to achieve an overview of population
migration in contemporary China with special reference to
socio-economic development and state policy changes before and after
the economic reform launched in the late 1970s.... The relaxation of
migration controls by the Chinese government since 1984 has facilitated
migration from rural labour surplus areas to urban labour deficit
areas. Labour migration has become the most prominent type of
population movement in China, especially towards the more developed
coastal regions."
Correspondence: Chinese University
of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:20733 Suro, Roberto. Tightened
controls and changing flows: evaluating the INS border enforcement
strategy. Research Perspectives on Migration, Vol. 2, No. 1, 1998.
1, 3-7, 10-3 pp. Washington, D.C. In Eng.
The author "assesses
the progress made [in the United States] toward reducing unauthorized
immigration through enhanced border control. It concludes that the
failure to set up proper evaluation criteria handicaps any serious
appraisal.... The primary impact of enhanced enforcement at key border
crossings has been to divert flows to other areas.... Another
predictable consequence has received much less public attention: the
increase in the stocks of unauthorized immigrants who choose to remain
in the United States rather than making regular round trips to
Mexico."
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:20734 Timmer, Ashley S.; Williamson,
Jeffrey G. Immigration policy prior to the 1930s: labor
markets, policy interactions, and globalization backlash.
Population and Development Review, Vol. 24, No. 4, Dec 1998. 739-71,
899-900 pp. New York, New York. In Eng. with sum. in Fre; Spa.
"The authors construct an index of immigration policy for five
countries of immigration--Australia, Argentina, Brazil, Canada, and the
United States--for 1860-1930.... The exercise reveals that the doors to
the New World did not suddenly slam shut on immigrants after World War
I.... Instead, there was a gradual closing of the doors, although the
rate and timing of the closing varied across countries. The authors
find that poor wage performance and the perceived threat from more,
low-quality foreign workers were the main influences on shifts in
immigration policy. They also offer some support for the idea that
immigration policy was as much an interactive process as were the
tariff policies of the time."
Correspondence: A. S.
Timmer, Duke University, Durham, NC 27706. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
65:20735 Yeoh, Brenda S. A.; Huang, Shirlena;
Gonzalez, Joaquin. Migrant female domestic workers:
debating the economic, social and political impacts in Singapore.
International Migration Review, Vol. 33, No. 1, Spring 1999. 114-36 pp.
Staten Island, New York. In Eng.
"Beginning with a brief
examination of [Singapore] state policy on transnational labor
migration relating to female domestic workers, this article goes on to
explore the debates within public discourse as well as private accounts
on the impact of foreign maids on a range of issues, including female
participation in the workforce; the social reproduction of everyday
life including the delegation of the domestic burden and the upbringing
of the young; the presence of `enclaves' of foreign nationals in public
space; and bilateral relations between host and sending
countries."
Correspondence: B. S. A. Yeoh, National
University of Singapore, 10 Kent Ridge Crescent, Singapore 119260.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
