Studies concerned with the relations between population factors as a whole and noneconomic factors. Relations affecting a single demographic variable are coded under the variable concerned and not in this division. Studies concerned equally with economic and social factors are coded under K.1.1. General Economic Development and Population.
Studies on interrelations with education, religion, social change, and socioeconomic status.
65:20664 Aso, Yoshibumi. Does the
increase in fertility rate reduce the burden of a public pension
system? Jinko Mondai Kenkyu/Journal of Population Problems, Vol.
53, No. 4, 1997. 32-48 pp. Tokyo, Japan. In Jpn.
The author
examines how changes in fertility in Japan might affect the country's
ability to fund a pension program for the elderly over the course of
the twenty-first century.
Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
65:20665 Bernat i Martí, Joan S.;
Alcañiz Moscardó, Mercedes; Martí Castillo,
Raquel. The demographic situation of women in
Villarreal. [Situació sociodemogràfica de la dona a
Vila-real.] ISBN 84-88331-36-3. 1999. 271 pp. Regidoria de la Dona:
Villarreal, Spain. In Cat.
This study examines the socioeconomic
and demographic situation of women in the Spanish town of Villarreal in
the province of Valencia. The data are from a number of official
sources as well as a 1996 survey of 100 women aged 21 to 59. The focus
of the study is on women's status, roles, and gender relations; a
chapter on time use is included.
Correspondence: Regidoria
de la Dona, Ajuntament de Vila-real, Plaça Sant Pasqual 19,
12540 Villarreal, Spain. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
65:20666 Montgomery, Mark R.; Casterline, John
B. Social networks and the diffusion of fertility
control. Population Council Policy Research Division Working
Paper, No. 119, 1998. 59 pp. Population Council, Policy Research
Division: New York, New York. In Eng.
"Theories of the
fertility transition now routinely reserve a place for diffusion
effects. Two fundamental behavioral mechanisms account for such
effects: social learning and social influence.... Our aim in this paper
is threefold: to assemble the disparate concepts of the diffusion
perspective into a coherent whole; to review the literature in and
outside demography in the light of these concepts; and to present
simulations and new data on the role of social networks, through which
social learning takes place and social influence is exercised.
Throughout the paper, we illustrate the issues with applications to
Ghana, one of the sites being explored in new longitudinal
research."
Correspondence: Population Council,
Research Division, One Dag Hammarskjold Plaza, New York, NY 10017.
Author's E-mail: mmontgomery@popcouncil.org. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:20667 Phillips, James F.; Hossain, Mian
B. The impact of family planning household service
delivery on women's status in Bangladesh. Population Council
Policy Research Division Working Paper, No. 118, 1998. 31 pp.
Population Council, Policy Research Division: New York, New York. In
Eng.
"Since 1982, the Maternal and Child Health and Family
Planning Extension Project in Bangladesh has compiled longitudinal
panel data on rural women's contact with household service providers
who visit homes to discuss family planning and offer services to women
on request. This study tests the hypothesis that home-based services
reinforce customs of purdah (female seclusion) by sustaining the
dependency and isolation of the women served by the program. Results
show that household services improve women's status. This effect is
largely attributable to the impact of outreach on effective fertility
regulation. Findings do not support the hypothesis that household
service delivery is detrimental to women's status in Bangladesh. Policy
implications of this research are
discussed."
Correspondence: Population Council,
Research Division, One Dag Hammarskjold Plaza, New York, NY 10017.
Author's E-mail: jphillips@popcouncil.org. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
65:20668 Quilodrán, Julieta.
Women, poverty and demographic change. IUSSP Policy and
Research Paper, ISBN 2-87108-056-9. [1998?]. 19 pp. International Union
for the Scientific Study of Population [IUSSP]: Liège, Belgium.
In Eng.
The author investigates the interrelations among women's
status, poverty, and population dynamics. Reference is made to the 1994
IUSSP Seminar on Women, Poverty and Demographic
Change.
Correspondence: International Union for the
Scientific Study of Population, 34 rue des Augustins, 4000
Liège, Belgium. E-mail: fdevpop1@vm1.ulg.ac.be. Location:
Population Council Library, New York, NY.
65:20669 Settersten, Richard A.
Time, age, and the transition to retirement: new evidence on
life-course flexibility? International Journal of Aging and Human
Development, Vol. 47, No. 3, 1998. 177-203 pp. Amityville, New York. In
Eng.
"The past twenty-five years have seen dramatic changes in
the transition to retirement. This article considers an overlooked set
of social processes--informal age structuring--within the context of
these changes. Data are drawn from a random sample of 319 adults from
the Chicago area. For about half of the respondents, age was considered
an irrelevant dimension for both men's and women's retirement. Those
respondents who found age relevant cited deadlines that were clustered
not only around the critical points at which researchers have observed
regularity in retirement patterns, but they also included the lower
junctures that are emerging as part of the shift toward earlier
retirement."
Correspondence: R. A. Settersten, Case
Western Reserve University, Department of Sociology, 10900 Euclid
Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106-7124. Location: Princeton
University Library (PR).
Studies on the political aspects of population growth, including the demographic impact of war.
65:20670 Courbage, Youssef.
Demography and elections in Northern Ireland. Population: An
English Selection, Vol. 10, No. 2, 1998. 477-81 pp. Paris, France. In
Eng.
The author discusses the links between demography and politics
in Northern Ireland, with a focus on recent election results and
characteristics of the electorate.
For the original French version,
see 64:20669.
Correspondence: Y. Courbage, Institut
National d'Etudes Démographiques, 133 boulevard Davout, 75980
Paris Cedex 20, France. E-mail: courbage@ined.fr. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:20671 Eberstadt, Nicholas.
Demography and international relations. Washington Quarterly,
Vol. 21, No. 2, Spring 1998. 33-52 pp. Cambridge, Massachusetts. In
Eng.
The author assesses the role of population in international
affairs. "This essay has attempted to explain why a number of the
demographic issues that currently arouse great concern, or great
interest, may have less bearing on a `pivotal states' approach to
strategy than proponents of such an approach might expect. There are
other population issues facing developing countries, however, that may
merit greater political and strategic attention in the years to come.
The first is differential fertility.... A second issue is population
aging.... A third possible issue involves mortality
trends."
Correspondence: N. Eberstadt, Harvard
University, Center of Population and Development Studies, 9 Bow Street,
Cambridge, MA 02138. Location: U.S. Library of Congress,
Washington, D.C.
65:20672 Nurun Nabi, A. K. M.; Krishnan,
P. Political demography of Bangladesh: a preliminary
analysis. Demography India, Vol. 27, No. 1, Jan-Jun 1998. 129-46
pp. Delhi, India. In Eng.
"Rapid population growth has been
perceived as a great threat to the development of Bangladesh.... This
paper presents a critical look at the dimensions that make the
socio-demographic modernization of Bangladesh difficult.... [It] deals
with the situation after the independence of the country in 1971."
Sections are included on demographic and socioeconomic characteristics,
changes in government and politics, foreign assistance and development,
and population programs and performances.
Correspondence:
A. K. M. Nurun Nabi, University of Alberta, Department of
Sociology, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2H4, Canada. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
Studies on nutrition and health, including psychological aspects and sex behavior. Studies that are concerned with the impact of these factors on fertility are coded under F.5. Factors Other Than Contraception Affecting Fertility.
65:20673 Graham, Wendy J.; Newell,
Marie-Louise. Seizing the opportunity: collaborative
initiatives to reduce HIV and maternal mortality. Lancet, Vol.
353, No. 9155, Mar 6, 1999. 836-9 pp. New York, New York/London,
England. In Eng.
In the light of growing global concern with the
HIV epidemic, and the provision of more resources to tackle this
epidemic, the authors examine the prospects for using this new concern
to also make improvements in maternal mortality and morbidity. The
opportunities for mutual benefit in tackling both health burdens are
explored.
Correspondence: W. J. Graham, Aberdeen
University, Aberdeen Maternity Hospital, Department of Obstetrics and
Gynaecology, Aberdeen AB25 2ZL, Scotland. Location: Princeton
University Library (SZ).
65:20674 Greenwood, Brian; De Cock,
Kevin. New and resurgent infections: prediction,
detection, and management of tomorrow's epidemics. ISBN
0-471-98174-5. LC 97-46506. 1998. xvi, 220 pp. John Wiley and Sons:
Chichester, England. In Eng.
These are the proceedings of the
Seventh Annual Public Health Forum of the London School of Hygiene and
Tropical Medicine. The focus is on new and resurgent infections. The 17
papers provide a review of "the role of local, global,
environmental and sociological factors in the emergence of new
infections; variability in pathogens and the way this leads to
resurgence of infections; surveillance; the public health response; and
examples of new and resurgent diseases such as malaria, ebola, CJD/BSE
and E. coli."
Correspondence: John Wiley and Sons,
Baffins Lane, Chichester PO19 1UD, England. E-mail:
cs-books@wiley.co.uk. Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
65:20675 Hardee, Karen; Agarwal, Kokila; Luke,
Nancy; Wilson, Ellen; Pendzich, Margaret; Farrell, Marguerite; Cross,
Harry. Post-Cairo reproductive health policies and
programs: a comparative study of eight countries. POLICY
Occasional Paper, No. 2, Sep 1998. vii, 69 pp. Futures Group
International, POLICY Project: Washington, D.C. In Eng.
"This
paper presents information from case studies carried out in Bangladesh,
India, Nepal, Jordan, Ghana, Senegal, Jamaica, and Peru to assess each
nation's process and progress in moving toward a reproductive health
focus. The case studies show that within their unique social, cultural,
and programmatic contexts, the eight countries have made significant
progress in placing reproductive health on the national health
agenda."
Correspondence: Futures Group International,
1050 17th Street NW, Suite 1000, Washington, D.C. 20036. E-mail:
policyinfo@tfgi.com. Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
65:20676 Hewitt, Christopher.
Homosexual demography: implications for the spread of AIDS.
Journal of Sex Research, Vol. 35, No. 4, Nov 1998. 390-6 pp. Mt.
Vernon, Iowa. In Eng.
"Using both national surveys and surveys
of self-identified gay men in the United States, the numbers, age
distribution, life expectancy, and marital status of men who have sex
with men is examined. It is concluded that five types can be
distinguished.... These five categories have different patterns of
sexual behavior, and the numbers in each category are influenced by
changing social conditions, in particular the growth of gay
neighborhoods, and public tolerance. The typology is used to explain
the low rate of reported HIV transmission from bisexual men to their
female partners."
Correspondence: C. Hewitt,
University of Maryland Baltimore County, Department of Sociology and
Anthropology, 1000 Hilltop Road, Baltimore, MD 21250. E-mail:
chrishewitt@erols.com. Location: Princeton University Library
(FST).
65:20677 Honduras. Ministerio de Salud
(Tegucigalpa, Honduras); Asociación Hondureña de
Planificación de Familia [ASHONPLAFA] (Tegucigalpa, Honduras);
United States. Agency for International Development [USAID]
(Washington, D.C.); United States. Centers for Disease Control and
Prevention [CDC] (Atlanta, Georgia). National Survey of
Male Health, 1996. ENSM-96. Final report. [Encuesta Nacional de
Salud Masculina--1996. ENSM-96. Informe final.] Dec 1998. xlix, 539 pp.
Tegucigalpa, Honduras; Washington, D.C.; Atlanta, Georgia. In Spa.
This is the final report from a survey on male health undertaken in
Honduras in 1996 involving a scientifically selected sample of 2,925
men aged 15-59 from both rural and urban areas. There are chapters on
survey methodology, the characteristics of the men surveyed, health
status, fertility, family planning, the use of and demand for
vasectomy, condoms, young adults, sexual behavior, sexually transmitted
diseases and AIDS, and attitudes.
Correspondence:
Ministerio de Salud, Tegucigalpa, Honduras. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:20678 Khlat, Miriam; Sermet, Catherine;
Laurier, Dominique. Morbidity in households of North
African origin, based on the INSEE health survey, 1991-1992. [La
morbidité dans les ménages originaires du Maghreb, sur la
base de l'enquête Santé de l'INSEE, 1991-1992.]
Population, Vol. 53, No. 6, Nov-Dec 1998. 1,155-84 pp. Paris, France.
In Fre. with sum. in Eng; Spa.
"Using data from the
INSEE-CREDES Health Survey for 1991-92, this article describes the
morbidity and other health-related indicators of households [in France]
whose head is of North African origin. All the analyses are adjusted by
age and socio-occupational category and a comparison is made with
members of French-headed households. Members of households whose head
is of North African origin are found to report far fewer illnesses, the
disparity being greater for men than for women. An examination of the
differences by the chapters in the classification of illnesses reveals
a remarkable protection of men with respect to diseases of the
circulatory system, whereas women have a disproportionate risk of
endocrine and metabolic diseases."
Correspondence: M.
Khlat, Institut National d'Etudes Démographiques, 133 boulevard
Davout, 75980 Paris Cedex 20, France. E-mail: khlat@ined.fr.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:20679 Le Tertre, A.; Quenel, P.; Medina,
S.; Le Moullec, Y.; Festy, B.; Ferry, R.; Dab, W.
Short-term modeling between air pollution and health. An example:
SO2 and total mortality, Paris, 1987-1990. [Modélisation
des liens à court terme entre la pollution atmosphérique
et la santé. Un exemple: SO2 et mortalité totale, Paris,
1987-1990.] Revue d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique,
Vol. 46, 1998. 316-28 pp. Paris, France. In Fre. with sum. in Eng.
"Since 1990, many epidemiological time series studies have
provided evidence that ambient air pollution levels have adverse health
effects. The ERPURS study (Evaluation des Risques de la Pollution
Urbaine pour la Santé) has permitted [us] to quantify this
impact in the Paris region. This study was based on an ecological time
series approach. We present, step by step, the method used, illustrated
by an example: association between SO2 levels and total mortality
(excluding external causes), 1987-1990.... The central issue is the
control of seasonal variations and long term
[trends]."
Correspondence: A. Le Tertre, Réseau
National de Santé Publique, 14 rue du Val d'Osne, 94415
Saint-Maurice Cedex, France. E-mail:a.letertre@rnsp-sante.fr.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:20680 Liao, Youlian; McGee, Daniel L.;
Kaufman, Jay S.; Cao, Guichan; Cooper, Richard S.
Socioeconomic status and morbidity in the last years of life.
American Journal of Public Health, Vol. 89, No. 4, Apr 1999. 569-72 pp.
Washington, D.C. In Eng.
"This study evaluated the effect of
socioeconomic status, as characterized by level of education, on
morbidity and disability in the last years of life.... The analysis
used data from the [U.S.] National Health Interview Survey (1986-1990),
with mortality follow-up through December 1991.... Among 10,932
decedents 50 years or older at baseline interview, educational
attainment was inversely associated with long-term limitation of
activity, number of chronic conditions, number of bed days, and days of
short hospital stay during the year preceding the interview. [The
authors conclude that] decedents with higher socioeconomic status
experienced lower morbidity and disability and better quality of life
even in their last years of life."
Correspondence: Y.
Liao, Loyola University Stritch School of Medicine, Department of
Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, 2160 South First Avenue, Maywood,
IL 60153. E-mail: yliao@maya.medctr.luc.edu. Location:
Princeton University Library (SZ).
65:20681 Mathers, Colin. Trends
in health expectancies in Australia 1981-1993. Journal of the
Australian Population Association, Vol. 13, No. 1, May 1996. 1-15 pp.
Canberra, Australia. In Eng.
"Health expectancy indices
combine the mortality and morbidity experience of a population into a
single composite indicator. This paper summarizes and evaluates methods
for the calculation of health expectancies and presents trends in the
expectation of life with disability and handicap in Australia from 1981
to 1993. Unlike other countries for which recent health expectancy time
series are available, Australian results indicate that the expectation
of years with disability has increased for both males and females.
Possible explanations for this are
examined."
Correspondence: C. Mathers, Australian
Institute of Health and Welfare, G.P.O. Box 570, Canberra, ACT 2601,
Australia. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:20682 Mitchell, Marc D.; Littlefield, Joan;
Gütter, Suzanne. Costing of reproductive health
services. International Family Planning Perspectives, Vol. 25,
Suppl., Jan 1999. 17-21, 29 pp. New York, New York. In Eng. with sum.
in Fre; Spa.
"The principles endorsed by delegates to the 1994
International Conference on Population and Development expanded on the
areas typically included in reproductive health. Yet implementation of
more comprehensive reproductive health programs has been slow, and the
impediments to program expansion need to be identified.... We...provide
data on the costs associated with some...reproductive health services,
based upon research conducted in 1995 by MEXFAM, a nongovernmental
organization in Mexico that is affiliated with the International
Planned Parenthood Federation, and the Zimbabwe National Family
Planning Council (ZNFPC). Finally, we explore the implications of the
cost data."
Correspondence: M. D. Mitchell, Harvard
University, Harvard Institute for International Development, One Eliot
Street, Cambridge, MA 02138. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
65:20683 Mumford, Elizabeth A.; Dayaratna,
Varuni; Winfrey, William; Sine, Jeffrey; McGreevey, William P.
Reproductive health costs: literature review. POLICY Working
Paper Series, No. 3, Jul 1998. viii, 76 pp. Futures Group
International: Washington, D.C. In Eng.
"The studies
highlighted in this paper offer some quantitative data on the costs of
reproductive health services identified as part of the Cairo agenda. In
this review, cost data are reported for eight categories of
reproductive health interventions: family planning, safe motherhood
programs, maternal/infant nutrition and immunizations, obstetric care,
abortion/postabortion care, STIs/HIV/AIDS, reproductive cancers, and
miscellaneous gynecology.... This literature review identifies the gaps
in cost information regarding potential reproductive health
interventions within the individual reproductive health elements;
within geographic regions; and by costing methods." The
geographical focus is on developing countries.
Correspondence:
Futures Group International, 1050 17th Street NW, Suite 1000,
Washington, D.C. 20036. E-mail: policyinfo@tfgi.com. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:20684 Ndong, Isaiah; Becker, Robert M.;
Haws, Jeanne M.; Wegner, Mary N. Men's reproductive
health: defining, designing and delivering services. International
Family Planning Perspectives, Vol. 25, Suppl., Jan 1999. 53-5 pp. New
York, New York. In Eng.
The authors report on a 1997 meeting that
aimed to "identify the core reproductive health services that
would constitute basic reproductive health care for men and to devise a
model that would serve as a framework for program development and
service delivery." The model was reviewed by panelists from Kenya,
Pakistan, and the United States.
Correspondence: I. Ndong,
AVSC International, 79 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10016.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:20685 Potts, Malcolm; Walsh, Julia;
McAninch, Jana; Mizoguchi, Nobuko; Wade, Timothy J. Paying
for reproductive health care: what is needed, and what is
available? International Family Planning Perspectives, Vol. 25,
Suppl., Jan 1999. 10-6 pp. New York, New York. In Eng. with sum. in
Fre; Spa.
"The 1994 International Conference on Population and
Development (ICPD) established goals for the expansion of reproductive
health services and estimated the funding that would be required from
the international community and national governments to meet those
objectives.... Available data are examined to determine the extent to
which funding has met the ICPD estimates of resources needed.... [It is
found that] funding for reproductive health services falls
substantially below ICPD goals. Consumer spending may be able to fill
part of the shortfall, but other strategies for meeting the goals will
be needed that do not adversely affect demand or social
justice."
Correspondence: M. Potts, University of
California, School of Public Health, Berkeley, CA 94720. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:20686 Riley, James C. Sick,
not dead: the health of British workingmen during the mortality
decline. ISBN 0-8018-5411-3. LC 96-26961. 1997. xvii, 349 pp.
Johns Hopkins University Press: Baltimore, Maryland. In Eng.
"The life expectancy of British workers rose dramatically
during the nineteenth century, a period in which workingmen began
routinely to consult doctors. But while death rates fell, episodes of
disease and injury lasted longer. Instead of dying at relatively young
ages, workingmen lived longer and experienced more sickness. [The
author] traces these developments and examines the arrangements made
for providing medical care to workers. Drawing on the work attendance
and sick visit records of British friendly societies, [he] explores how
these organisations provided workingmen with access to doctors and
regulated compensation for wages lost due to sickness.... Using the
extensive claims records of the societies, [he] also explores the
regional patterns of sickness in Britain from 1870 to 1910,
illuminating how occupations and living conditions influenced the
incidence and outcome of disease."
Correspondence:
Johns Hopkins University Press, 2715 North Charles Street,
Baltimore, MD 21218-4319. Location: Population Council
Library, New York, NY.
65:20687 Sherris, Jacqueline D.
Cervical cancer prevention: a strategic opportunity to improve
women's reproductive health. International Family Planning
Perspectives, Vol. 25, Suppl., Jan 1999. 56-7 pp. New York, New York.
In Eng.
"Screening and necessary follow-up care for
gynecologic cancers are considered an integral part of reproductive
health by a range of international organizations, and were included in
the Programme of Action adopted at the International Conference on
Population and Development. Integrating preventive cervical cancer
interventions into existing reproductive health services would help to
answer the broad-based call for making a range of reproductive health
services more accessible through the primary health care
system."
Correspondence: J. D. Sherris, Program for
Appropriate Technology in Health, 4 Nickerson, Seattle, WA 98109.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:20688 United Nations. Centro
Latinoamericano y Caribeño de Demografía [CELADE]
(Santiago, Chile). Summary and conclusions of the document
"Population, reproductive health, and poverty"
[Síntesis y conclusiones del documentro "Población,
salud reproductiva y pobreza"] Notas de Población, Vol. 25,
No. 66, Dec 1998. 187-202 pp. Santiago, Chile. In Spa.
This paper
briefly examines the impact on reproductive health of social
inequalities and poverty in Latin America and the Caribbean. The need
to improve the quality of health services and to develop appropriate
programs that promote reproductive rights is
emphasized.
Correspondence: Centro Latinoamericano y
Caribeño de Demografía, Casilla 179-D, Santiago, Chile.
E-mail: jchackie@eclac.cl. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
65:20689 Wan, Jiahua; Qi, Qiwei; Li, Rikuen;
Feng, Qingchai; Li, Qiang. Study on reproductive health
and sexual behavior of the migrant population of Qingdao City.
Chinese Journal of Population Science, Vol. 10, No. 1, 1998. 39-53 pp.
New York, New York. In Eng.
"This paper presents a study on
the social characteristics, marital status, sexual behavior, and
contraceptive use before marriage, pregnancy status before and after
marriage, sex education and education on contraceptive use after
marriage of the migrant females in Qingdao City [China]. It also
presents a statistical analysis of sexual behavior of the migrant
population in Qingdao City."
Correspondence: J. Wan,
Institute for Birth Control and Family Planning, Qingdao City, China.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:20690 Wawer, Maria J.; Sewankambo, Nelson
K.; Serwadda, David; Quinn, Thomas C.; Paxton, Lynn A.; Kiwanuka, Noah;
Wabwire-Mangen, Fred; Li, Chuanjun; Lutalo, Thomas; Nalugoda, Fred;
Gaydos, Charlotte A.; Moulton, Lawrence H.; Meehan, Mary O.; Ahmed,
Saifuddin; Gray, Ronald H. Control of sexually transmitted
diseases for AIDS prevention in Uganda: a randomised community
trial. Lancet, Vol. 353, No. 9162, Feb 13, 1999. 525-35 pp. New
York, New York/London, England. In Eng.
The extent to which
community-level control of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) would
result in lower incidence of HIV-1 infection in Uganda is explored. The
study was carried out in Rakai District and involved some 6,000
individuals aged 15-59 and a control group of similar size. The results
showed no effect of the STD intervention on the incidence of HIV
infection, suggesting that a substantial proportion of HIV acquisition
appears to occur independently of treatable STD
cofactors.
Correspondence: M. J. Wawer, Columbia University
School of Public Health, Center for Population and Family Health, 60
Haven Avenue, Floor B-2, New York, NY 10032. Location:
Princeton University Library (SZ).
65:20691 Zhu, Bao-Ping; Rolfs, Robert T.;
Nangle, Barry E.; Horan, John M. Effect of the interval
between pregnancies on perinatal outcomes. New England Journal of
Medicine, Vol. 340, No. 8, Feb 25, 1999. 589-94 pp. Boston,
Massachusetts. In Eng.
The relationship between short intervals
between pregnancies and adverse perinatal outcomes is analyzed using
data from the birth certificates of 173,205 singleton infants born
alive to multiparous mothers in Utah from 1989 to 1996. Factors
examined included low birth weight, preterm birth, and small size for
gestational age. The results showed that "infants conceived 18 to
23 months after a previous live birth had the lowest risks of adverse
perinatal outcomes; shorter and longer interpregnancy intervals were
associated with higher risks."
Correspondence: B.-P.
Zhu, Michigan Department of Community Health, Division of Epidemiology
Services, 3423 Martin Luther King Jr. Boulevard, Lansing, MI 48909.
E-mail: zhub@state.mi.us. Location: Princeton University
Library (SZ).
Studies on consanguinity and isolates, inbreeding, and twinning.
65:20692 Castro de Guerra, D.; Arvelo, H.;
Pinto-Cisternas, J. Population structure of two black
Venezuelan populations studied through their mating structure and other
related variables. Annals of Human Biology, Vol. 26, No. 2,
Mar-Apr 1999. 141-50 pp. London, England. In Eng. with sum. in Ger;
Fre.
"In order to obtain information about the population
structure of two black Venezuelan populations with historical
differences both in their origins and development, a variety of
variables were utilized, especially on marital structure, including:
frequency of surnames, isonymy, population genealogical consanguinity,
multiple unions, and marital distances, all of which provided
information and isolation, migration, endogamy, consanguinity, and
patri-matrifocality. Results showed differences in the extent of
isolation and endogamy, as well as differences in population structure,
which can be directly related with historical conditions of each
population."
Correspondence: J. Pinto-Cisternas,
Universidad de Valparaiso, Facultad de Ciencias, Departamento Biologia,
Casilla 5030, Valparaiso, Chile. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
65:20693 Dorsten, Linda E.; Hotchkiss,
Lawrence; King, Terri M. The effect of inbreeding on early
childhood mortality: twelve generations of an Amish settlement.
Demography, Vol. 36, No. 2, May 1999. 263-71 pp. Silver Spring,
Maryland. In Eng.
"An unresolved issue in research on child
survival is the extent to which familial mortality risk in infancy is
due to biological influences net of sociodemographic and economic
factors. We examine the effect of consanguinity on early childhood
mortality in an Old Order Amish settlement by using the inbreeding
coefficient, an explicit measure of the degree of relatedness in one's
ancestry. Inbreeding has a net positive effect on neonatal and
postneonatal deaths. We find social, demographic, and population-based
socio-cultural explanations for this effect among the Amish population,
which is known to experience certain genetically transmitted defects
associated with mortality."
Correspondence: L. E.
Dorsten, State University of New York, Department of Sociology,
Fredonia, NY 14063. E-mail: dorsten@cs.fredonia.edu. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
