Studies concerned with the relations between population factors as a whole and economic aspects. Relations affecting a single demographic variable and economic factors are coded under the variable concerned and cross-referenced to this division, if appropriate.
Studies concerned equally with economic and social development. Most studies on the microeconomics of the family will be found in G.2. Family and Household and cross-referenced to this division, if appropriate.
Studies on economic and social development with a worldwide emphasis, together with those with no geographical emphasis.
General studies on the relations between population factors and economic development in developing countries. Includes studies on dependency as they relate to developing countries.
65:20616 Barba, Corazon V. C.; Rabuco, Lucila
B. Overview of ageing, urbanization, and nutrition in
developing countries and the development of the Reconnaissance
project. Food and Nutrition Bulletin, Vol. 18, No. 3, Sep 1997.
220-5 pp. Tokyo, Japan. In Eng.
"Two of the major demographic
trends in the developing and transitional countries are
urbanization...and ageing.... These two trends are felt to present
unresolved challenges regarding health, well-being, and quality of
life. These uncertainties gave rise to the multicentre Reconnaissance
project carried out in five Asian countries...and three Latin American
countries.... The findings, experience and lessons from the preliminary
qualitative (community), and quantitative (individual) surveys were
shared among the investigators at a conference held at Wageningen,
Netherlands."
Correspondence: C. V. C. Barba,
University of the Philippines, Institute of Food and Nutrition, U.P.
Diliman, Quezon City 1101, Philippines. E-mail: eqj@nicole.upd.edu.ph.
Location: Princeton University Library (UN).
65:20617 El-Attar, Mohamed.
Population and rural development: a new approach to an old problem
with special attention to developing nations. Demography India,
Vol. 27, No. 1, Jan-Jun 1998. 147-53 pp. Delhi, India. In Eng.
The
author discusses the relation of rural development to population
characteristics. "A model is proposed as one approach for placing
demographic factors in the context of development planning...."
The geographic focus is on developing countries.
Correspondence:
M. El-Attar, Mississippi State University, Department of
Sociology, P.O. Drawer DB, Mississippi State, MS 39762. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:20618 Jing, Yijia. Analysis of
population structure in rural areas of China. Chinese Journal of
Population Science, Vol. 10, No. 1, 1998. 17-30 pp. New York, New York.
In Eng.
"This paper presents the results of the study and
analysis of the actual condition, problems, and the opportunities of
economic development in rural areas of China. Major population problems
and key issues in these areas are discussed and analyzed using the
qualitative and quantitative analysis methods. Some appropriate and
suitable economic policies for these areas are proposed...."
Particular attention is given to the characteristics of the rural
population.
Correspondence: Y. Jing, Beijing University,
Economic College, Beijing, China. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
65:20619 Mahadevan, Kuttan; Sumangala,
M. Welfare model of development and demographic
transition: successful programmes on health, nutrition, family planning
and development. ISBN 81-7018-946-2. 1997. 332 pp. B. R.
Publishing: Delhi, India. In Eng.
"In this book about Tamil
Nadu [India] all the factors, innovative ideas, and viable strategies
adopted in the state to achieve demographic transition
are...presented." The book is a collection of papers by various
authors. Papers are grouped into sections on policies, modernization,
and empowerment of women; welfare programs and development; family
planning and beyond; and demographic transition and quality of
life.
Correspondence: B. R. Publishing, A-6 Nimri Community
Centre, Ashok Vihar, Phase IV, Delhi 110 052, India. E-mail:
brpcltd@del2.vsnl.net.in. Location: Population Council
Library, New York, NY.
65:20620 United Nations. Economic and Social
Commission for Asia and the Pacific [ESCAP] (Bangkok,
Thailand). Population change, development and women's role
and status in Thailand. Asian Population Studies Series, No. 135,
Pub. Order No. ST/ESCAP/1581. 1995. viii, 105 pp. Bangkok, Thailand. In
Eng.
This is one in a planned series of four case studies that
examine the interrelationships among three sets of variables, economic
development, women's role and status, and demographic change. This
report is about Thailand. Part 1 examines these interrelationships in
the context of educational investments, marriage rates, fertility
rates, household structure, and the labor force participation rate.
Part 2 presents an economic-demographic model of these
interrelationships.
The studies on India and Japan, also published
in 1995, are cited elsewhere in this issue.
Correspondence:
UN Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific, United
Nations Building, Rajdamnern Nok Avenue, Bangkok 10200, Thailand.
Location: Princeton University Library (UN).
65:20621 Zhang, Weiqing.
Population--the key issue for continued economic progress in
China. Chinese Journal of Population Science, Vol. 10, No. 1,
1998. 55-63 pp. New York, New York. In Eng.
The author makes the
case that population is the key issue for continued economic progress
in China. He asks the questions: "What is the relationship between
population growth and continued economic progress in China? What
strategy will China take to achieve harmonious development of
population growth, economic progress, the environment and natural
resources in China?"
Correspondence: W. Zhang,
National Family Planning and Birth Control Committee, Beijing, China.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
Studies on the relations between population and economic factors as they affect the developed world. Also includes studies on the economic effects of a stationary or declining population, the effects of aging on the economy, retirement, and problems of economic dependency in developed countries.
65:20622 Kato, Ryuta. Transition
to an aging Japan: public pension, savings, and capital taxation.
Journal of the Japanese and International Economies, Vol. 12, No. 3,
Sep 1998. 204-31 pp. San Diego, California. In Eng.
"This
paper examines the effects of public pension policies on savings and
economic welfare in the transition to an aging Japan by applying a
simulated method in the expanded life cycle growth model. It also
places a special emphasis on the fact that interest income taxation
produces a higher level of utility of younger generations (born after
the beginning of the 1970s) than does consumption taxation, both of
which are taxation schemes financing the public pension scheme in
Japan."
Correspondence: R. Kato, Shiga University,
Faculty of Economics, 1-1-1 Banba, Hikone, Shiga 522, Japan. E-mail:
kato@biwako.shiga-u.ac.jp. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
65:20623 Kelly, Mark. The
demographic implications of economic growth in the Isle of Man.
Population and Environment, Vol. 20, No. 4, Mar 1999. 325-41 pp. New
York, New York. In Eng.
The author examines the relationship
between economic development and demographic growth in the Isle of Man.
He discusses the implementation and results of a policy "directed
at amending the Island's demographic profile over time. Implicit in the
new residents campaign was the desire to attract younger, economically
active persons who could expand the Island's potential labor force and
thereby improve (decrease) the dependency
ratio."
Correspondence: M. Kelly, Isle of Man
Government Treasury, Economic Affairs Division, Illiam Dhone House, 2
Circular Road, Douglas, Isle of Man IM1 1PQ, United Kingdom.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:20624 Miles, David. Modelling
the impact of demographic change upon the economy. Economic
Journal, Vol. 109, No. 452, Jan 1999. 1-36 pp. Oxford, England. In Eng.
"Over the next few decades there will be significant changes
in the demographic structure of nearly all developed countries. Such
dramatic demographic change could have a powerful impact upon saving
behaviour, but estimates of how great the effects will be differ
depending on what evidence is used. This paper argues that simulations
based on calibrated general equilibrium models are likely to provide
the most reliable evidence. A model is developed and is used to assess
the impact of reforms to pension systems."
Correspondence:
D. Miles, Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine,
South Kensington, London SW7 2AZ, England. Location: Princeton
University Library (PF).
65:20625 Walker, Agnes.
Australia's ageing population: how important are family
structures? NATSEM Discussion Paper, No. 19, ISBN 0-85889-614-1.
May 1997. v, 58 pp. University of Canberra, National Centre for Social
and Economic Modelling [NATSEM]: Canberra, Australia. In Eng.
"In this paper traditional approaches to studying the effects
of ageing in the [Australian] population are reviewed and a
complementary approach, using dynamic microsimulation, is discussed.
The advantage of dynamic microsimulation is that, in projecting future
population patterns, the life cycles of individuals can be tracked,
along with their family characteristics (such as spouses, children and
grandparents) and household characteristics (including finances and
wealth accumulation)."
Correspondence: University of
Canberra, National Centre for Social and Economic Modelling, G.P.O. Box
563, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia. E-mail:
natsem@natsem.canberra.edu.au. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
Studies on the environment, quality of life, conservation, food production, etc., and their interrelations with population factors.
65:20626 de Sa, Paul. Population,
carbon emissions, and global warming: comment. Population and
Development Review, Vol. 24, No. 4, Dec 1998. 797-810 pp. New York, New
York. In Eng.
"In a recent article in this journal, Frederick
Meyerson...examined the connection between population growth and the
anthropogenic emissions of greenhouse gases.... Focusing on the recent
Kyoto Protocol...Meyerson claimed to show that `[a]t Kyoto, the
negotiators appear to have overlooked or ignored the wide variation in
projected population change among signatory countries'.... In this
comment, I will point out flaws both in the evidence that Meyerson
presents...and in a number of his other statements about the connection
between climate change and population growth." A reply by Meyerson
is included (pp. 804-10).
For the article by Meyerson, see 64:30686.
Correspondence: P. de Sa, Harvard University, Belfer
Center for Science and International Affairs, 9 Bow Street, Cambridge,
MA 02138. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:20627 Engelman, Robert. Plan
and conserve: a source book on linking population and environmental
services in communities. ISBN 1-889735-04-3. LC 98-84522. 1998.
112 pp. Population Action International: Washington, D.C. In Eng.
This reference book provides information sources for linking
population and environmental services in communities. Chapters are
included on community-based population and environment; how family
planning protects women's and children's health; obstacles to success;
models for linked-service projects; principles for community capacity
building; and profiles of projects being conducted in Nepal, the
Philippines, Mexico, Uganda, and Mali.
Correspondence:
Population Action International, 1120 19th Street NW, Suite 550,
Washington, D.C. 20036. Author's E-mail: re@popact.org. Location:
Population Council Library, New York, NY.
65:20628 Harding, Ronnie. The
debate on population and the environment: Australia in the global
context. Journal of the Australian Population Association, Vol.
12, No. 2, Nov 1995. 165-95 pp. Canberra, Australia. In Eng.
"This paper reviews the debate on population and the
environment. The Australian debate is emphasized, but set within a
global context, in recognition of the important interdependencies
between countries of the North and South.... This review has revealed a
lengthy, and at times acrimonious, debate regarding human `carrying
capacity' and linkages between population and environment both within
Australia and globally. Despite the quantum shift towards more
sophisticated analysis that has occurred in the 1990s, we are no closer
to a conclusion, although we are a good deal better informed about the
complexities of the issue."
Correspondence: R.
Harding, University of New South Wales, Institute of Environmental
Studies, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
65:20629 Hartmann, Betsy.
Population, environment and security: a new trinity.
Environment and Urbanization, Vol. 10, No. 2, Oct 1998. 113-27 pp.
London, England. In Eng.
"This paper critically examines the
literature which claims that internal conflict in Africa, Asia and
Latin America is often the result of population pressures and resource
scarcities.... This literature largely fails to consider the underlying
economic and political causes of environmental degradation and
violence, including the role of international companies, development
assistance agencies and militaries.... The paper ends with a discussion
of why it is important to challenge this ideology before it exercises a
firmer hold on public policy and
consciousness...."
Correspondence: B. Hartmann,
Hampshire College, Population and Development Programme/SS, Amherst, MA
01002. E-mail: bhartmann@hamp.hampshire.edu. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:20630 Kulczycki, Andrzej; Saxena, Prem
C. The population, environment, and health nexus: an Arab
world perspective. Research in Human Capital and Development, Vol.
12, 1998. 183-99 pp. Greenwich, Connecticut. In Eng.
The authors
examine the interrelations among population, environment, and health in
Arab countries. "The paper sets out the recent evolution and
intersection of demographic patterns, environmental change, and health
trends in the Arab region, especially the issues of water and
urbanization. Greater attention is paid to the situation in Lebanon, a
country engaged in a major reconstruction process following a lengthy
civil war."
Correspondence: A. Kulczycki, American
University of Beirut, Department of Population Studies, Beirut,
Lebanon. E-mail: andrzej@aub.edu.lb. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
65:20631 Murton, John. Population
growth and poverty in Machakos District, Kenya. Geographical
Journal, Vol. 165, No. 1, Mar 1999. 37-46 pp. London, England. In Eng.
"This paper uses household-level data to show how...changes in
Machakos District, Kenya have been accompanied by a polarization of
land holdings, differential trends in agricultural productivity, and a
decline in food self sufficiency.... Farmers have therefore become more
dependent upon non-agricultural sources of income to maintain their
livelihoods. Households with access to urban derived non-farm income
are able to accumulate land and undertake agricultural innovation. In
contrast, those who depend on agricultural labour markets are finding
it difficult to cope with more people. These results demonstrate that
when the `Machakos experience' of population growth and environmental
transformation is examined at a household level it is shown to be
neither a homogenous experience nor a fully unproblematic
one."
Correspondence: J. Murton, Foreign and
Commonwealth Office, 51 Glove Wharf, 205 Rotherhithe Street, London
SE26 1XS, England. Location: Princeton University Library
(PR).
65:20632 O'Connor, Mark. This
tired brown land. ISBN 1-875989-36-6. 1998. 335 pp. Duffy and
Snellgrove: Potts Point, Australia. Distributed by Pan Macmillan, 467
Plummer Street, Port Melbourne, Victoria 3207, Australia. In Eng.
"Australia's population, now 18.5 million, is set to rise to
as many as 26 million by the year 2051. It will do this by
accident--Australia has never had a population target. Do we understand
the implications of this massive growth for our society and
environment?" The author goes on to explain "how Australia's
population and immigration debates have been stifled by political
correctness. There is now an urgent need for all Australians to be able
to discuss the future of their country
openly."
Correspondence: Duffy and Snellgrove, P.O.
177, Potts Point, NSW 1335, Australia. E-mail: dands@magna.com.au.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:20633 Prieto, Leonel. An
overview of some population-development-environment interactions in
Mexico. IIASA Interim Report, No. IR-97-53, Aug [1997]. 32 pp.
International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis [IIASA]:
Laxenburg, Austria. In Eng.
"This paper encompasses overviews
of Mexico's population, development, and environment and briefly
discusses some population-development-environment (PDE) interactions in
Mexico.... A short presentation of the recent performance of some
macro-economic indicators is provided.... The problems of soil and
biotic erosion, water quantity and quality, and air pollution in Mexico
[are then discussed]."
Correspondence: International
Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Schlossplatz 1, 2361 Laxenburg,
Austria. E-mail: info@iiasa.ac.at. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
65:20634 Ryavec, Karl E. Research
note: regional dynamics of Tibetan population change in eastern Tibet,
ca. 1940-1982. Population and Environment, Vol. 20, No. 3, Jan
1999. 247-57 pp. New York, New York. In Eng.
"As part of
China's 1982 census in the Kandze Tibetan autonomous prefecture of
western Sichuan...a fertility survey was conducted among agrarian and
pastoral Tibetan women aged 15 to 64.... The findings of this survey
shed light on indigenous relationships between Tibet's population and
environment by quantifying regional variation in the average fertility
of farmers versus herders, and the ratio of surviving children to the
number of children ever born, from the 1940s up to
1982."
Correspondence: K. E. Ryavec, University of
Minnesota, Department of Geography, Minneapolis, MN 55455.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:20635 Shivakoti, Ganesh P.; Axinn, William
G.; Bhandari, Prem; Chhetri, Netra B. The impact of
community context on land use in an agricultural society.
Population and Environment, Vol. 20, No. 3, Jan 1999. 191-213 pp. New
York, New York. In Eng.
"As an initial step toward new models
of the population-environment relationship, this paper explores the
relationship between community context and local land use in an
agricultural setting. In this type of setting, we argue that aspects of
the community context, such as schools and transportation
infrastructure, impact important environmental characteristics, such as
land use. We provide hypotheses which explain the mechanisms producing
these effects. We then use data from a study of 132 communities in
rural Nepal to test our hypotheses. These analyses show that community
characteristics are strongly associated with land use in this
agricultural setting."
Correspondence: G. P.
Shivakoti, Asian Institute of Technology, School of Environment,
Resource, and Development, Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics,
Box 4, Klong Luang, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:20636 Treviño Carrillo, Ana
H. Collective action around drinking water in two
mid-sized cities in Mexico. [Las acciones colectivas en torno al
agua potable en dos ciudades medias de México.] Papeles de
Población, Vol. 4, No. 15, Jan-Mar 1998. 193-219 pp. Toluca,
Mexico. In Spa. with sum. in Eng.
"This article is part of a
research to find a way to analyze the social relationships and the
organizational forms in two middle sized cities in Mexico: Queretaro
and Celaya. This analysis had its beginning in the demands shown by the
urban population for their basic needs of drinking water and sewers....
This study focuses on the theoretical discussion about...social
movements and...collective actions, and it also looks into new social
categories that are used to build-up and explain the present urban
situation."
Correspondence: A. H. Treviño
Carrillo. Instituto Mexicana de Tecnología del Agua, Mexico
City, Mexico. E-mail: htrevino@cenca.imta.mx. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:20637 Vargas Velázquez,
Sergio. The use of water: a critical focus on the
population-environment-resources relationship. [El uso del agua:
un enfoque crítico de la relación
población-ambiente-recursos.] Papeles de Población, Vol.
4, No. 15, Jan-Mar 1998. 177-92 pp. Toluca, Mexico. In Spa. with sum.
in Eng.
The author examines the relation between population growth
and the availability of usable water supplies in Mexico. The author
notes that, rather than being a simple relationship in which population
growth puts an increasing burden on the carrying capacity of the
available water supplies, a more complex relationship exists in which
various socioeconomic factors influence who is able to have access to
and profit from such water resources. Solutions to these problems
involve changes in the socioeconomic structure of society and not just
limits to the use of available water supplies.
Correspondence:
S. Vargas Velázquez. Instituto Mexicano de
Tecnología del Agua, Mexico City, Mexico. E-mail:
svargas@chac.imta.mx. Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
65:20638 Wongboonsin, Kua; Limskul, Kitti;
Wongserbchart, Wilai; Suwannodom, Sunanta; Bunnag, Aurapin.
Population, environment and resource sustainability in
Thailand. IPS Publication, No. 209/93, ISBN 974-583-336-3. Aug
1993. 50 pp. Chulalongkorn University, Institute of Population Studies:
Bangkok, Thailand. In Eng.
This report examines the relationship
between economic development in Thailand and the availability of
natural resources, focusing on the impact of development on the
environment. The concepts of renewable and nonrenewable resources are
first outlined. Next, the authors discuss definitions of sustainable
development. The effects of population growth on resources and the
sustainability of development are examined. Finally, possible future
actions in the areas of economic development, population policy, forest
protection, water quality, air pollution, waste disposal, and public
awareness are explored.
Correspondence: Chulalongkorn
University, Institute of Population Studies, Phyathai Road, Bangkok
10330, Thailand. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:20639 Youngquist, Walter. The
post-petroleum paradigm--and population. Population and
Environment, Vol. 20, No. 4, Mar 1999. 297-315 pp. New York, New York.
In Eng.
"The use of oil has changed world economies, social
and political structures, and lifestyles.... This paper examines the
role of oil in two contexts: Its importance in countries almost
entirely dependent on oil income, and the role of oil in world
agricultural productivity. Possible alternatives to oil and its close
associate, natural gas are also examined." The impact of
oil-generated prosperity on rapid population growth is discussed, and
the consequences of a decline in oil production for world agriculture
and carrying capacity are considered.
Correspondence: W.
Youngquist, Box 5501, Eugene, OR 97405. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
Studies of employment and labor force statistics that are of demographic relevance. Includes studies of the labor force (employment status, occupation, and industry) and of the relations among employment, labor force participation, and population factors. Studies on the effect of female labor force participation on fertility are coded under F.1. General Fertility and cross-referenced here.
65:20640 Adamchak, Donald J.; Bloomquist,
Leonard E.; Bausman, Kent; Qureshi, Rashida. Consequences
of population change for retail/wholesale sector employment in the
nonmetropolitan Great Plains: 1950-1996. Rural Sociology, Vol. 64,
No. 1, Mar 1999. 92-112 pp. Bellingham, Washington. In Eng.
"A
rural economic restructuring perspective and central place theory are
used to assess the impact of population change on retail/wholesale
sector employment for the 438 nonmetropolitan counties of the [U.S.]
Great Plains region from 1950 to 1990. Findings indicate that county
level population declined for every decade except the 1970 turnaround
decade, and the greatest losses were in completely rural nonadjacent
counties. The civilian labor force declined for all but the 1970
decade, when there was a substantial increase due to increased nonmetro
manufacturing and the baby boom cohorts reaching labor force age.
Retail/wholesale labor force increased in every decade except the
1980s."
Correspondence: D. J. Adamchak, Kansas State
University, Department of Sociology, Manhattan, KS 66506-4003.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:20641 Badets, Jane; Howatson-Leo,
Linda. Recent immigrants in the workforce. Canadian
Social Trends, No. 52, Spring 1999. 16-22 pp. Ottawa, Canada. In Eng.
"The ease with which...newcomers integrate into Canadian
society depends, to a large extent, on their ability to find jobs. How
have...recent immigrants fared in terms of employment (or unemployment)
and types of jobs they have found? And has their experience differed
from that of others, including earlier groups of immigrants and people
born in Canada? Using data from the [Canadian] Censuses of Population,
this article explores the labour market experiences of recent
immigrants in the 25 to 44 year age group from 1986 to
1996."
Correspondence: J. Badets, Statistics Canada,
Housing, Family and Social Statistics Division, 7th Floor, Jean Talon
Building, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0T6, Canada. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
65:20642 Dermi, Lahouaria. The
economically active Algerian population. Recent trends and future
prospects. [Population algérienne active. Tendances
récentes et perspectives.] Institut de Démographie
Working Paper, No. 182, ISBN 2-87209-504-7. 1998. 41 pp.
Université Catholique de Louvain, Institut de
Démographie: Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium. In Fre.
This is a
summary of the author's thesis on the Algerian labor force. Following a
discussion of some methodological issues, recent trends in the labor
force are analyzed. The study ends with a look at some likely future
developments and the prospects for developing effective policies in the
light of such developments. The author notes the trend toward an
increasingly young labor force and high rates of unemployment.
Differences between the economic participation of men and women in the
labor force are also analyzed, and directions for possible future
research are suggested.
Correspondence: Université
Catholique de Louvain, Institut de Démographie, 1 place
Montesquieu, B.P. 17, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:20643 Drobnic, Sonja; Blossfeld,
Hans-Peter; Rohwer, Götz. Dynamics of women's
employment patterns over the family life course: a comparison of the
United States and Germany. Journal of Marriage and the Family,
Vol. 61, No. 1, Feb 1999. 133-46 pp. Minneapolis, Minnesota. In Eng.
"We use event history analysis to study the effects of
family-related factors on the employment behavior of U.S. and (West)
German women in a dynamic life course perspective. Data from the
National Survey of Families and Households and the German Socioeconomic
Panel are analyzed to examine the differential determinants of entry
into and exit from full-time and part-time employment during the family
life course and the differences in these processes between the two
countries. Marriage and childbearing continue to influence exit from
and entry into paid work in both countries. Family structure plays a
stronger role in women's working lives in Germany than in the U.S., and
part-time work in Germany is more closely related to
childbearing."
Correspondence: S. Drobnic,
Universität Bremen, EMPAS/Sfb 186, Postfach 330 440, 28334 Bremen,
Germany. E-mail: sdrobnic@sfb186.uni-bremen.de. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:20644 Ellis, Mark; Wright,
Richard. The industrial division of labor among immigrants
and internal migrants to the Los Angeles economy. International
Migration Review, Vol. 33, No. 1, Spring 1999. 26-54 pp. Staten Island,
New York. In Eng.
"Between 1985-90, metropolitan Los Angeles
received about 400,000 working immigrants and about 575,000 working
native in-migrants. We subdivide these native- and foreign-born
migrants by national origin and ethnicity to examine the processes that
channel recent arrivals into different industrial sectors.... We
compare the employment of recent arrivals to residents for several
groups across a large, diverse, regional economy. We also consider the
role educational qualifications play in the allocation of different
migrant groups to jobs at this aggregate analytical scale. The results
show that both native- and foreign-born groups channel into particular
industrial sectors."
Correspondence: M. Ellis,
University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90024. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:20645 Evans, M. D. R. Women's
labour force participation in Australia: recent research findings.
Journal of the Australian Population Association, Vol. 13, No. 1, May
1996. 67-92 pp. Canberra, Australia. In Eng.
"My purpose in
this review is to sketch recent discoveries concerning women's labour
force participation, and to draw attention to unanswered questions and
to relevant data sets for further analysis.... In particular, I focus
on Australia in the context of some information for other developed
countries...." Aspects considered include labor force
participation and marriage; the effects on married women's labor force
participation of education, husband's income, children, age, and
cultural effects; and consequences of women's labor force
participation.
Correspondence: M. D. R. Evans, Australian
National University, Research School of Social Sciences, International
Survey Program, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:20646 Foot, David K.; Venne, Rosemary
A. The time is right: voluntary reduced worktime and
workforce demographics. Canadian Studies in Population, Vol. 25,
No. 2, 1998. 91-114 pp. Edmonton, Canada. In Eng. with sum. in Fre.
"This applied demography paper assembles diverse literature in
demography, economics, sociology, and industrial relations to examine
the emergence of intergenerational conflict within labour force
groups.... Using Canadian labour market data, it examines the situation
facing groups in the labour force. The paper then reviews potential
workplace solutions. The conclusion outlines a practical workforce
policy that can ameliorate many of the concerns of younger workers and
address the trend toward intergenerational conflict while also taking
into account current fiscal and workplace
realities."
Correspondence: D. K. Foot, University of
Toronto, Department of Economics, 150 George Street, Toronto, Ontario
M5S 3G7, Canada. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:20647 Henz, Ursula; Sundström,
Marianne. Earnings as a force of attraction and
specialization. Stockholm Research Reports in Demography, No. 129,
ISBN 91-7820-129-2. Dec 1998. 32 pp. Stockholm University, Demography
Unit: Stockholm, Sweden. In Eng.
"This paper studies trends in
earnings homogamy among married and cohabiting couples and in effects
of own and spouse's earnings on women's specialization on market work
and household work in Sweden. We analyze, first, correlations between
spouses' earnings and, second, the effects of own earnings and spouse's
earnings on women's transitions between part-time and full-time work,
on their exits from and re-entries into the labour market and on their
exits from parental leave over the years
1968-92."
Correspondence: Stockholm University,
Demography Unit, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
65:20648 Higuchi, Yoshio; Abe, Masahiro;
Waldfogel, Jane. Maternity leave, child care leave policy,
and retention of female workers in Japan, the United States, and
Britain. Jinko Mondai Kenkyu/Journal of Population Problems, Vol.
53, No. 4, 1997. 49-66 pp. Tokyo, Japan. In Jpn.
This is a
comparative analysis of the relationships between maternity and child
leave policies and the retention of female workers in the labor force
in Japan, the United States, and the United Kingdom. The focus is on
the situation in the 1980s and 1990s.
Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
65:20649 Klerman, Jacob A.; Leibowitz,
Arleen. Job continuity among new mothers. Demography,
Vol. 36, No. 2, May 1999. 145-55 pp. Silver Spring, Maryland. In Eng.
"In the early 1990s, both state and federal governments
enacted maternity-leave legislation [in the United States]. The key
provision of that legislation is that after a leave of a limited
duration, the recent mother is guaranteed the right to return to her
preleave employer at the same or equivalent position. Using data from
the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth, we correlate work status
after childbirth with work status before pregnancy to estimate the
prevalence, before the legislation, of returns to the preleave
employer. Among women working full-time before the pregnancy, return to
the prepregnancy employer was quite common. Sixty percent of women who
worked full-time before birth of a child continued to work for the same
employer after the child was born. Furthermore, the labor market
behavior of most of the remaining 40% suggests that maternity-leave
legislation is unlikely to have a major effect on job continuity.
Compared with all demographically similar women, however, new mothers
have an excess probability of leaving their
jobs."
Correspondence: J. A. Klerman, RAND, 1700 Main
Street, Santa Monica, CA 90407-2138. E-mail: Jacob_Klerman@rand.org.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:20650 Light, Ivan; Bernard, Richard B.;
Kim, Rebecca. Immigrant incorporation in the garment
industry of Los Angeles. International Migration Review, Vol. 33,
No. 1, Spring 1999. 5-25 pp. Staten Island, New York. In Eng.
"Migration network theory has conceptually overlooked the
manner in which immigrants' social networks also expand the supply of
jobs and housing in target destinations by means of the ethnic economy.
An expanded migration network theory takes into account the ethnic
economy's role in creating new resources in the destination economy....
Using evidence from the garment industry of Los Angeles [California],
this paper estimates that only a third of immigrant employees found
their jobs in a conventional ethnic economy. Half owed their employment
to the immigrant economy in which, for the most part, Asian
entrepreneurs employed Latino workers."
Correspondence:
I. Light, University of California, Department of Sociology, Box
951551, Los Angeles, CA 90095. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
65:20651 Liu, Baofen. Study on
the situation of female employment in the Guangxi Zhuangzhu Autonomous
Region. Chinese Journal of Population Science, Vol. 10, No. 1,
1998. 31-8 pp. New York, New York. In Eng.
"The establishment
of a market-oriented economy in China has created more employment
opportunities for women in China. However, they are also faced with
greater difficulty in finding good jobs. This paper analyzes the actual
situation of female employment in the Guangxi Zhuangzhu Autonomous
Region based on data from the fourth national census in 1990 and the
national one percent population sampling investigation in 1995. This
paper also discusses the problems encountered in female employment in
this region."
Correspondence: B. Liu, Government of
Guangxi Zhuangzhu Autonomous Region, Bureau of Statistics, Department
of Employment Planning, Yunnan, China. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
65:20652 Martin, Jacqueline.
Family policy and working married women in France. A historical
perspective: 1942-1982. [Politique familiale et travail des femmes
mariées en France. Perspective historique: 1942-1982.]
Population, Vol. 53, No. 6, Nov-Dec 1998. 1,119-53 pp. Paris, France.
In Fre. with sum. in Eng; Spa.
"A historical perspective and a
consideration of the socio-institutional context are used to show the
development of an opposition to married women going out to work [in
France], with the aim of keeping them in the role of full-time mothers,
housewives and childrearers. This historical process influenced the
family policy adopted in the 1940s, which appears as the product of
half a century of debate over the place of married women in the home or
the workplace.... Calculating the level and evolution of family
allowances in relation to female wage rates, for three sizes of family,
leads to a revision of earlier interpretations about changes in female
labour force participation in the post-war
period."
Correspondence: J. Martin, Université
de Toulouse II, UFR Sciences, Espaces et Sociétés,
Département d'Economie, 5 allées Antonio-Machado, 31058
Toulouse Cedex 1, France. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
65:20653 Menjívar, Cecilia.
The intersection of work and gender: Central American immigrant
women and employment in California. American Behavioral Scientist,
Vol. 42, No. 4, Jan 1999. 601-27 pp. Thousand Oaks, California. In Eng.
"This article examines the intersection of U.S. employment and
gender relations in the family lives in Guatemalan and Salvadoran
immigrant women and how immigration experiences affect gendered
perceptions of work. It is based on intensive interviews with 26
Salvadoran women in San Francisco and 25 Guatemalan-ladinas and
indigenous women in Los Angeles, complemented with ethnographic
observations. The study shows that immigration affects gender
relations, sometimes transforming and other times affirming them. Such
changes do not depend automatically on entering paid work but on
important social processes of working outside the home in the new
context."
Correspondence: C. Menjívar, Arizona
State University, School of Justice Studies, Tempe, AZ 85287-0403.
E-mail: menjivar@asu.edu. Location: Princeton University
Library (SF).
65:20654 Myers, Dowell; Cranford, Cynthia
J. Temporal differentiation in the occupational mobility
of immigrant and native-born Latina workers. American Sociological
Review, Vol. 63, No. 1, Feb 1998. 68-93 pp. Washington, D.C. In Eng.
"We estimate changes over time in the occupational
participation of Latina workers. Applying a `double cohort' method for
longitudinal analysis with census data, we clarify the effects of
economic restructuring and economic assimilation. We investigate
multiple temporal effects: immigration cohort, birth cohort, age at
migration, duration in the United States, and advancing age. The
analysis compares Latinas in southern California who are employed in
low-wage factory jobs with Latinas employed in better-paying office
jobs. Results indicate sharp temporal differentiation among the Latina
workers, even after controlling for human
capital."
Correspondence: D. Myers, University of
Southern California, School of Urban Planning and Development, Los
Angeles, CA 90089-0042. E-mail: dowell@usc.edu. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:20655 Pacheco, Edith; Blanco,
Mercedes. Three modes of analysis in the incorporation of
a gender perspective in socio-demographic studies of urban labor in
Mexico. [Tres ejes de análisis en la incorporación
de la perspectiva de género en los estudios
sociodemográficos sobre el trabajo urbano en México.]
Papeles de Población, Vol. 4, No. 15, Jan-Mar 1998. 73-94 pp.
Toluca, Mexico. In Spa. with sum. in Eng.
"The purpose of this
paper is to...review...the socio-demographic research literature about
the urban labour market in Mexico, from the seventies to the mid
nineties. The paper examines how the research about different labour
market aspects [has noted] explicit sex differences and how [it has]
tried to explain why these differences turn into
inequalities."
Correspondence: E. Pacheco, El Colegio
de México, Camino al Ajusco 20, 10740 Mexico City, DF, Mexico.
E-mail: mpacheco@colmex.mx. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
65:20656 Phillips, Julie A.; Massey, Douglas
S. The new labor market: immigrants and wages after
IRCA. Demography, Vol. 36, No. 2, May 1999. 233-46 pp. Silver
Spring, Maryland. In Eng.
"We examine the effect of the
Immigration Reform and Control Act (IRCA) on migrants' wages using data
gathered in 39 Mexican communities and their U.S. destination areas. We
examine changes in the determinants of wages before and after the
passage of IRCA, as well as the effects of its massive legalization
program. Migrants' wages deteriorated steadily between 1970 and 1995,
but IRCA did not foment discrimination against Mexican workers per se.
Rather, it appears to have encouraged greater discrimination against
undocumented migrants, with employers passing the costs and risks of
unauthorized hiring on to the workers. Although available data do not
permit us to eliminate competing explanations entirely, limited
controls suggest that the post-IRCA wage penalty against undocumented
migrants did not stem from an expansion of the immigrant labor supply,
an increase in the use of labor subcontracting, or a deterioration of
the U.S. labor market."
Correspondence: D. S. Massey,
University of Pennsylvania, Population Studies Center, 3718 Locust
Walk, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6298. E-mail: dmassey@lexis.pop.upenn.edu.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:20657 Rabusic, Ladislav.
Temporal aspects of the Czech retirement age. [Casové
aspekty ceského duchodového veku.] Sociologický
Casopis, Vol. 34, No. 3, 1998. 267-83 pp. Prague, Czech Republic. In
Cze. with sum. in Eng.
"The continued ageing of Czech society
has provoked discussion over what measures should be taken to avert a
prospective old age crisis. This paper deals with one aspect of pension
reform, i.e., the retirement age. The first part outlines some possible
unintended consequences of the currently low age of retirement.... The
second part analyses in detail the attitudes of Czechs aged 50 and over
towards various aspects of retirement. Their views, recorded by means
of a representative survey, show that the age at which older Czechs
consider a person as old is 66.5 years."
Correspondence:
L. Rabusic, Masaryk University, School of Social Studies,
Department of Sociology, Gorkého 7, 602 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
E-mail: rabu@fss.muni.cz. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
65:20658 Rodríguez Osuna,
Jacinto. Changes in the active population, occupation, and
unemployment in Spain, 1976-1996. [Evolución de la
población activa, ocupación y paro en España
1976-1996.] Política y Sociedad, No. 26, Sep-Dec 1997. 113-24,
188 pp. Madrid, Spain. In Spa. with sum. in Eng.
"In the
present article the evolution of the active population, occupation and
unemployment in Spain is analyzed from 1976.... The activity and
occupation rates...are characterized for being the lowest of the
[European] Union, not only now, but from years ago. However the rate of
occupation of the Spanish women of 25-54 years has experienced, in the
last years, a considerable increase. On the other hand, the
unemployment rate is very high in Spain, much higher than in [other
countries] of the European Union."
Correspondence: J.
Rodríguez Osuna, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Departamento
de Sociología II, Ciudad Universitaria, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
Location: Princeton University Library (PR).
65:20659 Roe, Brian; Whittington, Leslie A.;
Fein, Sara B.; Teisl, Mario F. Is there competition
between breast-feeding and maternal employment? Demography, Vol.
36, No. 2, May 1999. 157-71 pp. Silver Spring, Maryland. In Eng.
"Theory suggests that the decision to return to employment
after childbirth and the decision to breast-feed may be jointly
determined. We estimate models of simultaneous equations for two
different aspects of the relationship between maternal employment and
breast-feeding using 1993-1994 data from the U.S. Food and Drug
Administration's Infant Feeding Practices Study. We first explore the
simultaneous duration of breast-feeding and work leave following
childbirth. We find that duration of leave from work significantly
affects the duration of breast-feeding, but the effect of
breast-feeding on work leave is insignificant. We also estimate models
of daily hours of work and breast-feeding at infant ages 3 months and 6
months postpartum. At both times, the intensity of work effort
significantly affects the intensity of breast-feeding, but the reverse
is generally not found. Competition clearly exists between work and
breast-feeding for many women in our
sample."
Correspondence: S. B. Fein, Food and Drug
Administration, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, HFS-727,
200 C Street SW, Washington, DC 20204. E-mail: sfein@bangate.fda.gov.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:20660 Sundari, S.; Rukmani, M. K.
Costs and benefits of female labour migration. Indian Journal
of Social Work, Vol. 59, No. 3, Jul 1998. 766-90 pp. Mumbai, India. In
Eng.
"This paper examines the trend, causes and pattern of
female migration from Tamil Nadu to Delhi [India]. According to this
study the most important push factor was lack of employment opportunity
and the pull factor was the continuous demand for the labour of women
in Delhi for domestic work. Though the migrants have made some gains,
problems such as housing, illiteracy, indebtedness, job insecurity and
drop outs amongst the children demand immediate policy prescriptions
and actions."
Correspondence: S. Sundari, Mother
Teresa Women's University, Department of Economics, Kodaikanal, Tamil
Nadu 624 102, India. Location: Princeton University Library
(PR).
65:20661 Thailand. National Statistical Office
(Bangkok, Thailand). The impact of the economic crisis on
employment, unemployment, and labour migration. ISBN
974-236-834-1. 1998. [xviii], 43 pp. Bangkok, Thailand. In Tha. with
sum. in Eng.
Data from Round 1 of the February 1998 Labour Force
Survey of Thailand are used to analyze the impact of the economic
crisis that started at the end of 1996. The effects on employment
structure, changes in jobs, reductions in income, increased
unemployment, and labor migration are considered. The results show that
unemployment doubled to 1.5 million in February 1998 compared with the
same time in the previous year. The largest stream of labor migration
was former workers from Bangkok returning home to the
northeast.
Correspondence: National Statistical Office,
Statistical Data Bank and Information Dissemination Division, Larn
Luang Road, Bangkok 10100, Thailand. E-mail: popres@nso.go.th.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:20662 Tiano, S.; Ladino, C.
Dating, mating, and motherhood: identity construction among Mexican
maquila workers. Environment and Planning A, Vol. 31, No. 2, Feb
1999. 305-25 pp. London, England. In Eng.
"We explore the
construction of feminine identities among women maquila workers in
Juárez, Mexico. The findings suggest that women workers'
identities are fluid processes in permanent negotiation. Women's
changing employment practices, gender roles and relations, and personal
experiences have created spaces for new interpretations of courtship
and motherhood. As Mexican women increasingly face controversial
messages, they reconcile emerging and conventional feminine discourses
by recreating images of Mexican womanhood."
Correspondence:
S. Tiano, University of New Mexico, Department of Sociology,
Albuquerque, NM 87131. E-mail: stiano@unm.edu. Location:
Princeton University Library (UES).
65:20663 Vernez, Georges.
Immigrant women in the United States labor force. Focus, Vol.
20, No. 1, Winter 1998-1999. 25-9 pp. Tulsa, Oklahoma. In Eng.
"Immigrant women are an ever-increasing proportion of working
women in the United States. In 1960 they constituted 6 percent of the
national female labor force; in 1994 they were 9 percent. Nationwide,
one worker in 20 is an immigrant woman; in California, one worker in
six is. Over half of all immigrants, and more than two of five
immigrant workers, are women. Yet female immigrants have been nearly
invisible in studies of the effects of immigration and the performance
of immigrants in the labor market. Public perceptions tend to see them
as a population facing many cultural and social barriers to work and,
once working, subject to discrimination and exploitation in low-skill,
dead-end jobs."
Correspondence: G. Vernez, Center for
Research on Immigration Policy, RAND, 1700 Main Street, Santa Monica,
CA 90407-2138. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
