G. Nuptiality and the Family

Studies that quantitatively analyze aspects of nuptiality and the family. Studies concerned equally with marriage and the family are coded first under G.2. Family and Household and cross-referenced to G.1. Marriage and Divorce. Methodological studies on nuptiality and the family are coded in this division and cross-referenced to N. Methods of Research and Analysis Including Models, as appropriate.

G.1. Marriage and Divorce

Studies of trends in marriage and divorce, nuptiality, duration of marriage, age at marriage, and demographic characteristics of marriage partners. Also includes studies of unmarried cohabitation and consensual unions.

65:20358 Bianchi, Suzanne M.; Subaiya, Lekha; Kahn, Joan R. The gender gap in the economic well-being of nonresident fathers and custodial mothers. Demography, Vol. 36, No. 2, May 1999. 195-203 pp. Silver Spring, Maryland. In Eng.
"Using a unique sample of couples with children, we estimate the gender gap in economic well-being after marital separation, something that previous studies of individuals who divorce have not been able to do. The income-to-needs levels of formerly married mothers are only 56% those of their former husbands. The postseparation gender gap is reduced if the wife was employed full-time and was an above-average earner before marital disruption. The gap is also relatively small among the least economically independent wives, those who were not employed before separation. For the latter group, the husband's relatively low income tends to reduce the gender gap."
This is a revised version of a paper originally presented at the 1997 Annual Meeting of the Population Association of America.
Correspondence: S. M. Bianchi, University of Maryland, Department of Sociology, Center on Population, Gender, and Social Inequality, 2112 Art-Sociology Building, College Park, MD 20742-1315. E-mail: bianchi@bss1.umd.edu. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

65:20359 Botticini, Maristella. A loveless economy? Intergenerational altruism and the marriage market in a Tuscan town, 1415-1436. Journal of Economic History, Vol. 59, No. 1, Mar 1999. 104-21 pp. New York, New York/Cambridge, England. In Eng.
"This article examines the role of dowries and highlights the variables that affected the size of dowries in fifteenth-century Tuscany [Italy]. The estimation, which matches the households found in the marriage contracts with the corresponding households in the Florentine Catasto of 1427, offers support for the present net value hypothesis and for the altruism model. Results indicate a positive correlation between a bride's dowry size and her age when used as proxy for her contribution to the marital household. Parents also provided their daughters with larger dowries when they married `down' into relatively less wealthy or socially prominent households."
Correspondence: M. Botticini, Boston University, Department of Economics, 270 Bay State Road, Boston, MA 02215. E-mail: maristel@bu.edu. Location: Princeton University Library (PF).

65:20360 Carmichael, Gordon A. Consensual partnering in the more developed countries. Journal of the Australian Population Association, Vol. 12, No. 1, May 1995. 51-86 pp. Canberra, Australia. In Eng.
"An especially spectacular demographic trend in the more developed countries since the mid 1960s has been the increasing frequency with which couples have cohabited without being formally married. This paper summarizes evidence that exists for the emergence of this phenomenon in different countries, and reviews the substantial literature it has generated.... The view is expressed that research to date often has avoided confronting the diversity of meanings consensual unions have for those who live in them."
Correspondence: G. A. Carmichael, Australian National University, Research School of Social Sciences, Demography Program, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

65:20361 Clark, Simon. Law, property, and marital dissolution. Economic Journal, Vol. 109, No. 454, Mar 1999. 41-54 pp. Oxford, England. In Eng.
"This paper challenges the view that legal rights are not important in affecting whether people divorce, but it puts as much emphasis on property rights (given, for example, by the law on alimony) as on dissolution rights [in the United States]. The paper sets out two stylised models of marriage and examines the consequences of fuller compensation for economic sacrifices made during marriage. If the dominant economic issue in a marriage is who undertakes household tasks then a law giving fuller compensation makes divorce more likely. If the dominant issue is child custody, divorce is less likely."
Correspondence: S. Clark, University of Edinburgh, Old College, South Bridge, Edinburgh EH8 9YL, Scotland. Location: Princeton University Library (PF).

65:20362 Clarkberg, Marin. The price of partnering: the role of economic well-being in young adults' first union experiences. Social Forces, Vol. 77, No. 3, Mar 1999. 945-68 pp. Chapel Hill, North Carolina. In Eng.
"Drawing on the literature on the links between economic resources and the transition to marriage, this study examines the role of economic well-being in the formation of marital and cohabitational unions [in the United States]. I use event history models with data from a large longitudinal data set of young adults. In general, economic well-being has a weaker association with cohabitation than with marriage, but this differs by sex. Further, results suggest that both men and women who are economically unstable are likely to cohabit. The findings suggest that cohabitation may provide an attractive alternative for those who are in romantic relationships but lack the economic well-being required for marriage or lack the occupational stability that would make them attractive candidates for the long-term contract that marriage implies."
Correspondence: M. Clarkberg, Cornell University, Department of Sociology, Uris Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853. E-mail: mec30@cornell.edu. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

65:20363 Das, N. P.; Dey, Devamoni. Female age at marriage in India: trends and determinants. Demography India, Vol. 27, No. 1, Jan-Jun 1998. 91-115 pp. Delhi, India. In Eng.
"In India, one of the important factors responsible for the present high population growth is the persistence of markedly low [levels] of age at marriage in many of the [Indian] states.... The present paper...tries to analyse levels, patterns and trends in the age at marriage in major states of India and in the country as a whole during the latter half of this century." Sections are included on nuptiality trends at the national and the state level; an assessment through Coale's nuptiality model; effects of nuptiality change on fertility decline at the state level; and determinants of age at first marriage in selected states.
Correspondence: N. P. Das, Population Research Centre, Faculty of Science, Lokmanya Tilak Road, Baroda 390 002, India. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

65:20364 Dorbritz, Jürgen. The calculation of total remarriage rates after divorce: problems, methods and results. [Die Berechung zusammengefasster Wiederverheiratungsziffern Geschiedener: Probleme, Berechnungsverfahren und Ergebnisse.] Zeitschrift für Bevölkerungswissenschaft, Vol. 23, No. 3, 1998. 253-62 pp. Wiesbaden, Germany. In Ger. with sum. in Eng; Fre.
"Due to the data available, total remarriage rates for divorced persons in Germany cannot be directly calculated but must be determined with the help of estimation procedures. The methods used for this purpose are described in this article and their results are compared. What is critically examined is in particular the procedure used by the Federal Institute for Population Research. This is mainly based on weighting the remarriage intensity depending on the time which has expired since the divorce. The weighting pattern which was used in the past [is] examined for its validity in a comparison [with] the situation in Switzerland where the actual period which expires between divorce and remarriage is used.... The author [reaches] the conclusion that it [is] necessary to update the weighting system. This [is] carried out on the basis of the Swiss data from the years 1990-1996. The total remarriage rates [are] then recalculated."
Correspondence: J. Dorbritz, Bundesinstitut für Bevölkerungsforschung, Friedrich-Ebert-Allee 4, Postfach 5528, 65180 Wiesbaden, Germany. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

65:20365 Emmerling, Dieter. Divorces, 1997. [Ehescheidungen 1997.] Wirtschaft und Statistik, No. 1, Jan 1999. 39-45 pp. Wiesbaden, Germany. In Ger.
Divorce statistics for 1997 are presented for Germany, for the former East and West Germany, and for each state. Retrospective data from 1960 to 1997 are included for comparative purposes. Information is given on duration of marriage, type of divorce, nationality, and number of children.
Location: Princeton University Library (PF).

65:20366 Gómez de León, José. Legalization and dissolution of consensual unions: an example of log-linear models used to estimate models of competing risk. [Legalización y disolución de uniones consensuales: un ejemplo del uso de modelos log-lineales para estimar modelos de riesgos en competencia.] Estudios Demográficos y Urbanos, Vol. 13, No. 3, Sep-Dec 1998. 585-608, 695 pp. Mexico City, Mexico. In Spa. with sum. in Eng.
"This is a mainly methodological work: a generalization of the so-called proportional risk models to cases of multiple and competing risks.... Proportional risk models are an extension of the methodology implied in calculating mortality tables, where the risk function is made to depend on some variables (covariables), as in a regression model.... Life-table methodology has been...an essential instrument in demographic calculus and analysis." The author uses the proposed methods to analyze the determinants of the legalization and dissolution of consensual unions in Mexico.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

65:20367 Graefe, Deborah R.; Lichter, Daniel T. Life course transitions of American children: parental cohabitation, marriage, and single motherhood. Demography, Vol. 36, No. 2, May 1999. 205-17 pp. Silver Spring, Maryland. In Eng.
"We examine the life course transitions into and from families headed by unmarried cohabiting couples for a recent cohort of American children. Life table estimates, based on data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth mother-child files, indicate about one in four children will live in a family headed by a cohabiting couple sometime during childhood. Economic uncertainty is an important factor determining whether children in single-parent families subsequently share a residence with a mother's unmarried partner. Moreover, virtually all children in cohabiting-couple families will experience rapid subsequent changes in family status. Our estimates provide a point of departure for future work on children's exposure to parental cohabitation and its social and economic implications."
This is a revised version of a paper originally presented at the 1997 Annual Meeting of the Population Association of America.
Correspondence: D. R. Graefe, Pennsylvania State University, Population Research Institute, 601 Oswald Tower, University Park, PA 16802-6211. E-mail: graefe@pop.psu.edu. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

65:20368 Hamilton, Gillian. Property rights and transaction costs in marriage: evidence from prenuptial contracts. Journal of Economic History, Vol. 59, No. 1, Mar 1999. 68-103 pp. New York, New York/Cambridge, England. In Eng.
"I examine prenuptial contracting behavior in early-nineteenth-century Quebec to explore property rights within families and the efficacy of marital property laws. Drawing on a transaction cost framework, I examine the decision to sign a contract and couples' property rights choices. I find, for example, that couples signing contracts tended to choose joint ownership of property when wives were particularly important to the household. These findings illustrate the potential effects of legal institutions on individual's behavior (such as the importance of family labor, human capital acquisition, and even mating decisions) and the value of a flexible legal environment."
Correspondence: G. Hamilton, University of Toronto, Department of Economics, 150 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G7, Canada. Location: Princeton University Library (PF).

65:20369 Hsu, Mei. Determinants of marital dissolution and female labor supply. Journal of Population Studies, No. 18, Oct 1998. 143-60 pp. Taipei, Taiwan. In Eng.
"The purpose of this paper is to...[investigate] divorced women's labor supply and the determinants of marital dissolution in Taiwan.... The empirical results support the hypothesis that a wife has hedged the high probability of marital dissolution by increasing hours of work in the labor market to accumulate job experience. Therefore, we conclude that a 500- to 600-hour increase in the female annual hours of work can be attributed to 1% rising divorce risk."
Correspondence: M. Hsu, National Chung-Hsing University, Department of Economics, 250 Kuokuang Road, Taichung, Taiwan. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

65:20370 Japan. National Institute of Population and Social Security Research (Tokyo, Japan). The Eleventh Japanese National Fertility Survey in 1997. Volume II: attitudes toward marriage and the family among unmarried Japanese youth. National Institute of Population and Social Security Research Survey Series, No. 14, Jan 10, 1999. 279 pp. Tokyo, Japan. In Jpn.
Further results are presented from this national fertility survey of Japan, which is undertaken at five-year intervals and involves a nationally representative sample of about 9,000 women aged 15-49. The data in this volume concern the attitudes of young Japanese adults toward marriage. Topics covered include young people's opinions on the decision-making process with regard to getting married, the perceived advantages and disadvantages of marriage, problems in marriages, reasons for remaining single, age differences between husband and wife, arranged marriages, lifestyles, and number of children desired.
For Volume I, published in 1998, see elsewhere in this issue.
Correspondence: National Institute of Population and Social Security Research, Kasumigaseki 1-2-3, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100, Japan. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

65:20371 Kalmijn, Matthijs. Intermarriage and homogamy: causes, patterns, trends. Annual Review of Sociology, No. 24, 1998. 395-421 pp. Palo Alto, California. In Eng.
"Although many characteristics play a role in the choice of a spouse, sociologists have most often examined endogamy and homogamy with respect to race/ethnicity, religion, and socioeconomic status.... I summarize empirical research by answering four questions: (a) To what extent are groups endogamous and how do groups differ in this respect? (b) How has endogamy changed over time? (c) Which factors are related to endogamy? (d) How do various dimensions of partner choice coincide? [I then] discuss strengths and weaknesses of past research."
Correspondence: M. Kalmijn, University of Utrecht, Department of Sociology, 3508 TA Utrecht, Netherlands. E-mail: m.kalmijn@fsw.ruu.nl. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

65:20372 Kposowa, Augustine J. The impact of race on divorce in the United States. Journal of Comparative Family Studies, Vol. 29, No. 3, Autumn 1998. 529-48 pp. Calgary, Canada. In Eng. with sum. in Fre; Spa.
"Using data from the June, 1985 Current Population Survey, a study was done to examine the effect of race on divorce in the United States.... With regard to race evidence was found to suggest that divorce probabilities are higher among African Americans than Whites. African American women were 1.8 times as likely to divorce as their white counterparts. Contrary to some past research reports, however, it was observed that the variables that predict divorce among African Americans are the same that do so for Whites."
Correspondence: A. J. Kposowa, University of California, Department of Sociology, Riverside, CA 92521-0419. E-mail: augustine.kposowa@ucr.edu. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

65:20373 Labov, Teresa; Jacobs, Jerry A. Preserving multiple ancestry: intermarriage and mixed births in Hawaii. Journal of Comparative Family Studies, Vol. 29, No. 3, Autumn 1998. 481-502 pp. Calgary, Canada. In Eng. with sum. in Fre; Spa.
"We provide a simple method for incorporating estimates of the effect of mixed ancestry in analyses of mixed births and mixed marriages. We offer estimates of the actual rate of mixed births and mixed marriages in Hawaii by taking into account mixed racial and ethnic ancestry. Our estimates show that the rate of social and biological mixing in Hawaii has increased even faster than official data indicate. We develop the hypothesis that the presence of a sizeable group of individuals with mixed ancestry creates a momentum toward further mixing of the population, and show that our results are consistent with this hypothesis."
Correspondence: T. Labov, University of Pennsylvania, Department of Sociology, 3718 Locust Walk, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6299. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

65:20374 Neyrand, Gérard; M'Sili, Marine. Mixed couples in contemporary France: marriage, acquisition of French nationality and divorce. Population: An English Selection, Vol. 10, No. 2, 1998. 385-416 pp. Paris, France. In Eng. with sum. in Fre; Spa.
"Mixed nationality marriages tend to involve people of above average social class. This is true of French partners in relation to the French population in general and of foreign partners in relation to their compatriots resident in France.... The propensity to take French nationality is found to vary according to the national origin and the gender of the foreign partner. Occurring in a rapidly changing legal and cultural context, this interaction of the variables that are specific to the situation of mixed nationality marriages--the national origin and gender of the foreign partner--produces a variety of effects, notably a propensity to divorce that varies greatly according to the gender of the foreign partner."
For the original French version, see 63:30369.
Correspondence: G. Neyrand, Centre Interdisciplinaire Méditerranéen d'Etudes et de Recherches en Sciences Sociales, rue Fernand Canobio, 13320 Bouc Bel Air, France. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

65:20375 Ono, Hiromi. Historical time and U.S. marital dissolution. Social Forces, Vol. 77, No. 3, Mar 1999. 969-99 pp. Chapel Hill, North Carolina. In Eng.
"The leading perspective on historical variations in marital dissolution is that they are explained by period rather than marriage cohort effects. However, some theories of marriage formation suggest that marriage cohort membership also influences the historical patterns. Using direct measures to capture some of the marriage cohort effects, this article examines whether a marriage cohort effect is present net of period effects. The results from the June [U.S.] Current Population Surveys indicate that there is a cohort basis to the historical variations. In particular, even when controlling for period effects, an increase in women's education at first marriage is linked to a higher level of cohort marital dissolution. Thus, an explanatory framework that excludes marriage cohort effects overlooks a major influence on the historical patterns of marital dissolution."
Correspondence: H. Ono, University of Michigan, Institute for Social Research, Ann Arbor, MI 48106-1248. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

65:20376 Rebhun, Uzi. Jewish identification in intermarriage: Does a spouse's religion (Catholic vs. Protestant) matter? Sociology of Religion, Vol. 60, No. 1, Spring 1999. 171-88 pp. Holiday, Florida. In Eng.
"This article is concerned with whether Jewish intermarriage in the U.S. affects the religioethnic identification of the Jewish partner differently if the spouse is Catholic as compared to Protestant. Three working hypotheses are developed which take into consideration differences between Catholicism and Protestantism in the importance of religious practices and social interaction, and theological positions towards interfaith marriage. Multivariate analyses of data from the 1990 National Jewish Population Survey show that while both Jewish-Catholic and Jewish-Protestant marriages have a statistically significant negative effect on Jewish identification, it is more pronounced among the former.... The implications of these results are discussed in regard to the Jewish individual in intermarriage, to the Jewish group, as well as to the complexity of religious identification in America today."
Correspondence: U. Rebhun, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Avraham Harman Institute of Contemporary Jewry, Gaster Building, Mount Scopus Campus, Jerusalem 91905, Israel. Location: Princeton University Library (PR).

65:20377 Roloff, Juliane. Marriages with and divorces from foreigners in Germany. [Eheschließungen und Ehescheidungen von und mit Ausländern in Deutschland.] Zeitschrift für Bevölkerungswissenschaft, Vol. 23, No. 3, 1998. 319-34 pp. Wiesbaden, Germany. In Ger. with sum. in Eng; Fre.
"In this article, the nuptiality--broken down by age and marital status--and the divorce frequency of Germans and foreigners in Germany are dealt with in more depth than was previously the case in the pertinent literature. [The rates are] then analysed and compared with each other. In addition, the question as to which nationalities are preferred by the women or men in binational marriages [is addressed, as well as] which marriages--`pure' German, `pure' foreign or binational--are especially affected by divorces. The main results of these statistical analyses are firstly that foreign men and women are generally younger than German men and women when they marry in Germany and secondly that more binational marriages [end in divorce] than other types of marriage."
Correspondence: J. Roloff, Bundesinstitut für Bevölkerungsforschung, Friedrich-Ebert-Allee 4, Postfach 5528, 65180 Wiesbaden, Germany. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

65:20378 Safa, H. I. Free markets and the marriage market: structural adjustment, gender relations, and working conditions among Dominican women workers. Environment and Planning A, Vol. 31, No. 2, Feb 1999. 291-304 pp. London, England. In Eng.
The relationship between economic conditions and marriage patterns in the Dominican Republic is analyzed using data collected in 1994 on women working in a free-trade zone. The author concludes that changes associated with structural adjustment appear to have contributed to a deterioration of the job market and a greater prevalence of female-headed households. It is shown that "structural adjustment increases the need for women to work, because of cuts in government programs, declining real wages, growing inflation, and a deterioration in male employment, which weakens the man's role as principal breadwinner and increases the importance and visibility of women's contribution to the household economy. This change in the gender composition of the labor force has encouraged some women to resist marriage and/or remarriage because the `marriage market' of eligible men willing and able to support a family has been reduced, contributing to greater marital instability."
Correspondence: H. I. Safa, University of Florida, Center for Latin American Studies, P.O. Box 115530, Gainesville, FL 32611-5530. E-mail: safa@nervm.nerdc.ufl.edu. Location: Princeton University Library (UES).

65:20379 Sassler, Sharon; Schoen, Robert. The effect of attitudes and economic activity on marriage. Journal of Marriage and the Family, Vol. 61, No. 1, Feb 1999. 147-59 pp. Minneapolis, Minnesota. In Eng.
"We use individual-level prospective data from Waves I and II of the [U.S.] National Survey of Families and Households to examine whether attitudes are responsible for sex and race differences in marriage rates, net of economic opportunity. We find that persons expressing positive attitudes about marriage are significantly more likely to marry, and favorable assessments of marriage accentuate the positive effects of economic attributes on marriage odds. However, structural, not cultural, differences account for the large racial differences in marriage rates."
This is a revised version of a paper originally presented at the 1996 Annual Meeting of the Population Association of America.
Correspondence: S. Sassler, Hunter College, Department of Sociology, 695 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10021. E-mail: ssassler@shiva.hunter.cuny.edu. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

65:20380 Schellekens, Jona. Determinants of age at first marriage among Jews in Amsterdam, 1625-1724. Journal of Family History, Vol. 24, No. 2, Apr 1999. 148-64 pp. Thousand Oaks, California. In Eng.
"This study provides evidence for relatively early marriage among Ashkenazi Jews compared to Sephardi Jews and Christians in seventeenth-century Western Europe. The results of this study suggest that these differences are not just structural. For example, Ashkenazi parents seem to have been more willing to support married sons during their lifetimes than have Sephardi parents. One form of assistance was coresidence, which was relatively common among wealthier Ashkenazi families. The study is based on data from Amsterdam that probably are the earliest available data on nuptiality for any Jewish community."
Correspondence: J. Schellekens, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Department of Population Studies, Mount Scopus Campus, Jerusalem 91905, Israel. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

65:20381 Sheela, J.; Audinarayana, N. Work status of women and age at marriage in Coimbatore city: a multivariate analysis. Indian Journal of Social Work, Vol. 58, No. 1, Jan 1997. 78-89 pp. Mumbai, India. In Eng.
"Several studies conducted in India have concluded that women working before marriage...married late as compared to their non-working counterparts.... The analysis of data collected from 75 non-working and 72 working women residing in a housing unit at Coimbatore city, Tamil Nadu, highlights the fact that the work status of women before marriage has a strong direct bearing on their age at marriage and has a moderate influence through the time taken to initiate the marriage after menarche."
Correspondence: J. Sheela, Bharathiar University, Department of Population Studies, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu 641 046, India. E-mail: popstu@as250.bharathi.ernet.in. Location: Princeton University Library (PR).

65:20382 Strassmann, Beverly I. Polygyny as a risk factor for child mortality among the Dogon. Current Anthropology, Vol. 38, No. 4, 1997. 688-95 pp. Chicago, Illinois. In Eng.
The author analyzes the maintenance of polygyny among the Dogon of Mali. "In view of the considerable interest generated by the possible link between polygyny and fertility, it is curious that the hypothesis that child mortality is higher under polygyny has drawn little attention.... The data in this report constitute a prospective, longitudinal test of the polygyny-mortality hypothesis."
Correspondence: B. I. Strassmann, University of Michigan, Department of Anthropology, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1382. E-mail: BIS@umich.edu. Location: New York Public Library, New York, NY.

65:20383 Sureender, S.; Prabakaran, B.; Khan, A. G. Mate selection and its impact on female marriage age, pregnancy wastages, and first child survival in Tamil Nadu, India. Social Biology, Vol. 45, No. 3-4, Fall-Winter 1998. 289-301 pp. Port Angeles, Washington. In Eng.
"Consanguineous marriage [in India] is common.... The present study examines the influence of mate selection (i.e., close relatives, distant relatives, not related) on female age at marriage, pregnancy wastages, and survival status of the first child. The study was designed based on the information collected on a sample size of 3,948 married women aged 13-49 in Tamil Nadu, India, by the National Family Health Survey (NFHS), 1992. Results suggest that 48 per cent of women in Tamil Nadu marry their relatives. This practice of marrying relatives is high in rural areas, among Hindus, Scheduled Castes/tribes, and illiterate women...."
Correspondence: S. Sureender, International Institute for Population Sciences, Department of Population Policies and Programmes, Deonar, Mumbai 400 088, India. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

65:20384 Turcotte, Pierre; Goldscheider, Frances. Evolution of factors influencing first union formation in Canada. Canadian Studies in Population, Vol. 25, No. 2, 1998. 145-73 pp. Edmonton, Canada. In Eng. with sum. in Fre.
"Retrospective survey data (GSS-1995) [the Canadian General Social Survey] are used to estimate changes in the effects of children and education on transitions to first union (distinguishing the competing risks of marriage and cohabitation) in Canada.... More highly educated women became more rather than less likely to marry, and less rather than more likely to cohabit, while education, which had increased men's likelihood of entering both types of union had become much less important. At the same time, children, both born and impending, became more important for entry into cohabitation, and less important for marriage."
Correspondence: P. Turcotte, Statistics Canada, Census Section, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0T6, Canada. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

65:20385 Yamaguchi, Kazuo. Mover-stayer models for analyzing event nonoccurrence and event timing with time-dependent covariates: an application to an analysis of remarriage. In: Sociological methodology, edited by Adrian E. Raftery. Vol. 28, 1998. 327-62 pp. Blackwell: Malden, Massachusetts/Oxford, England. In Eng.
"This paper introduces a novel extension of mover-stayer models for duration data that allows time-dependent covariates to be used for both a pair [sic] of regression equations, one that identifies the determinants of event timing and one that identifies the determinants of the probability of ultimate event nonoccurrence. Existing models intended to distinguish covariate effects on event timing from those on event nonoccurrence cannot use time-dependent covariates in the equation for the probability of ultimate event nonoccurrence. This paper applies the new model to an analysis of remarriage among American women. The analysis generally demonstrates that some covariates effect [sic] remarriage timing while others affect the probability of ultimate remarriage nonoccurrence. Some differences in patterns of remarriage between black women and white women are also reported. Theoretical implications of these findings are discussed."
Correspondence: K. Yamaguchi, University of Chicago, National Opinion Research Center, 1155 East 59th Street, Chicago, IL 60637-2799. E-mail: yama@cicero.spc.uchicago.edu. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

G.2. Family and Household

Studies of household structure and of family composition and size and the factors influencing them. Includes the full range of family concepts from the one-parent to the extended family and includes studies on the life course of the family. Studies on attitudes toward family size are coded under F.4.4. Attitudes toward Fertility and Fertility Control.

65:20386 Ardayfio-Schandorf, Elizabeth. The changing family in Ghana. ISBN 9964-3-0249-5. 1996. 245 pp. University of Ghana: Legon, Ghana; Ghana Universities Press: Accra, Ghana. In Eng.
These are the proceedings of a conference held in Accra, Ghana, January 25-27, 1995, on the changing family in Ghana. The following papers are included: The changing family and national development in Ghana, by D. S. Boateng; The child within the Ghanaian family, by Henrietta J. A. N. Mensa-Bonsu and Christine Dowuona-Hammond; Gender roles and household allocation of resources and decision-making in Ghana, by C. K. Brown; Reproductive decision-making in a changing Ghanaian family, by Daniel Buor; Family dynamics and residential arrangements in Ghana, by John H. Addai-Sundiata; Family law and customary practices for child maintenance and inheritance in Ghana, by L. Oware-Gyekye, Alexina Arthur, and E. V. O. Dankwa; The impact of PAMSCAD on the family: a study of credit intervention in the Western Region, by Elizabeth Ardayfio-Schandorf, C. K. Brown, and Peter B. Aglobitse; Adolescent fertility and reproductive behaviour in Ghana, by John S. Nabila and Clara Fayorsey; Women's access to agricultural land in the household: a case study of three selected districts in Ghana, by George Benneh, R. Kasim Kasanga, and Doris Amoyaw; Incidence of child fostering among school children in Ghana, by Elizabeth Ardayfio-Schandorf and Margaret Amissah; Implications of Economic Recovery Programme (ERP)/Programme of Action to Mitigate the Social Cost of Adjustment (PAMSCAD) for the economic wellbeing of children in Ghana, by Kwabia Boateng; and Family law policy and research agenda, by Henrietta J. A. N. Mensa-Bonsu.
Correspondence: Ghana Universities Press, P.O. Box 2419, Accra, Ghana. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

65:20387 Berthier, M.; Oriot, D. The child of a single mother. [L'enfant de mère seule.] Archives de Pédiatrie, Vol. 5, No. 1, Jan 1998. 71-8 pp. Paris, France. In Fre. with sum. in Eng.
"There were 658,000 one-parent families in France in 1968; there were 1,600,000 in 1994, disunity today being a component factor much more frequent than widowhood. The guarding parent is the mother in 87% of cases, and in 95% of cases for 0 to 4-year-old children. This mother is generally frustrated in her desire to rebuild the family. These families have suffered a rapid and important economic degradation in the past few years, the French one-parent families being victim of the evolution off social allowances which are more unfavourable for them than for other families." The authors argue that the poverty associated with one-parent families is likely to be the root cause of many of the pediatric, psychiatric, and social problems encountered in such families, in contrast to the belief that being in a one-parent family per se is the main reason for such problems arising.
Correspondence: M. Berthier, Hôpital Jean-Bernard, Service de Pédiatrie, B.P. 577, 86021 Poitiers Cedex, France. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

65:20388 Boyd, Monica; Norris, Doug. The crowded nest: young adults at home. Canadian Social Trends, No. 52, Spring 1999. 2-5 pp. Ottawa, Canada. In Eng.
"This article uses [Canadian] census data from 1981 to 1996 to examine the growing phenomenon of young adults living at home.... Many young Canadian adults live with parents not just in their late teenage years but also throughout their twenties and early thirties. Interpretations of this phenomenon vary." The impacts of age, education, labor markets, and marriage are considered.
Correspondence: M. Boyd, Florida State University, Center for the Study of Population, 659-C Bellamy Building, Tallahassee, FL 32306-4063. Location: Princeton University Library (PR).

65:20389 Chant, Sylvia. Women headed households: diversity and dynamics in the developing world. ISBN 0-333-64067-5. LC 96-38950. 1997. ix, 338 pp. Macmillan Press: Basingstoke, England; St. Martin's Press: New York, New York. In Eng.
"The overriding aim of the present book is to provide an idea of the diversity and dynamics of female household headship in developing countries, and to disentangle, if not dispel, some of the stereotypes which surround the phenomenon. The book is concerned with examining what women-headed households are, how they arise, how they survive, and how these issues interrelate with various forms and aspects of gender inequality, particularly among the urban poor. An integral objective of the text is to explore how female heads of household and members of their households perceive their own status and circumstances, thereby offering something of a counterbalance to the somewhat `public' discourses on the family produced by the state or élite groups...."
Correspondence: Macmillan Press, Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 6XS, England. Location: Population Council Library, New York, NY.

65:20390 Couch, Kenneth A.; Daly, Mary C.; Wolf, Douglas A. Time? Money? Both? The allocation of resources to older parents. Demography, Vol. 36, No. 2, May 1999. 219-32 pp. Silver Spring, Maryland. In Eng.
"We provide estimates of a reduced-form model of the allocation of household time and money resources [in the United States]. We consider four demands for these resources: time spent working, time spent providing care for noncoresident elderly parents, time spent performing housework, and monetary transfers to noncoresident elderly parents. We focus on the effects of wage rates and parental characteristics on the allocation decisions of adult children and their households concerning these four demands. We find that households with individuals earning high wages rely relatively more on cash transfers and relatively less on time transfers than do lower-wage households. We also find evidence consistent with an unmeasured tendency of some families to provide multiple sources of support."
Correspondence: D. A. Wolf, Syracuse University, Center for Policy Research, 426 Eggers Hall, Syracuse, NY 13244. E-mail: dwolf@maxwell.syr.edu. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

65:20391 Delaunay, Daniel; Lestage, Françoise. Mexican households and family networks in the United States: several life histories, one family history. [Hogares y fratrías mexicanas en Estados Unidos: varias historias de vida, una historia de familia.] Estudios Demográficos y Urbanos, Vol. 13, No. 3, Sep-Dec 1998. 609-54, 695 pp. Mexico City, Mexico. In Spa. with sum. in Eng.
"The authors analyze the Mexican household in the United States, emphasizing its complexity...as well as...its changes over time. The authors seek to understand the composition of relatives within exiled families, their life-cycle evolution, and the interaction of civil and migratory calendars. They also consider household changes related to the migratory process, changes in marriage and birth civil calendars, changes produced by work or marital events, and the type of migratory decisions developed within families."
Correspondence: D. Delaunay, Institut Français de Recherche Scientifique pour le Développement en Coopération, 213 rue Lafayette, 75480 Paris Cedex 10, France. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

65:20392 Dillon, Lisa Y. Integrating nineteenth-century Canadian and American census data sets. Computers and the Humanities, Vol. 30, No. 5, 1997. 381-92 pp. Dordrecht, Netherlands. In Eng.
"This paper describes the integration of the 1871 Canadian census public use sample with similar samples of the 1850 and 1880 American censuses to form the Integrated Canadian-American Public Use Microdata Series (ICAPUMS).... The ICAPUMS features a general household relationship variable which allows us to examine household structure across the two countries and three years. The paper concludes by proposing some general principles of census data set integration. This integrated data set is now available to researchers on the website of the University of Minnesota Historical Census Projects [http://www.ipums.umn.edu/]."
Correspondence: L. Y. Dillon, University of Ottawa, Institute of Canadian Studies, 52 University Street, P.O. Box 450, Stn. A, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada. E-mail: ldillon@uottawa.ca. Location: Princeton University Library (PR).

65:20393 Garasky, Steven; Meyer, Daniel R. Examining cross-state variation in the increase in father-only families. Population Research and Policy Review, Vol. 17, No. 6, Dec 1998. 479-95 pp. Dordrecht, Netherlands. In Eng.
"Each state has the power to establish its own policy and laws relating to child custody determination. The number of single-parent families with children that are headed by fathers has been growing in the United States. This paper explores the extent of cross-state variation in the prevalence in father-only families in 1990, and the extent to which there was cross-state variation in the increase in father-only families in the 1980s. The 1980 and 1990 Public Use Microdata Samples (PUMS) drawn from the U.S. decennial censuses are used. Decomposition analyses of growth indicate that increases in the number of father-only families occurred across all states during this period, but at varying rates. The primary reason for the increase in most states is an increase in the proportion of ever-married single-parent families that are headed by a father. It is for these families that are headed by divorced or separated parents that state policy relating to child custody determination is most relevant."
Correspondence: S. Garasky, Iowa State University, Department of Human Development and Family Studies, 1086 LeBaron Hall, Ames, IA 50011-1120. E-mail: sgarasky@iastate.edu. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

65:20394 Hily, Marie-Antoinette; Poutignat, Philippe. The North African family, between visibility and invisibility: variations depending on local contexts. [La famille maghrébine entre visibilité et invisibilité: variations selon les contextes locaux.] Revue Européenne des Migrations Internationales, Vol. 14, No. 3, 1998. 7-26 pp. Poitiers, France. In Fre. with sum. in Eng; Spa.
"The authors analyse the prominence given to `the immigrant North African family' in local contexts [in two towns in France].... The data collected essentially consist of descriptions supplied by contributors which are comprised of references to family life and the domestic sphere. Through these descriptions the authors have attempted to characterise the significance attributed to the family and its variations depending on the urban context."
Correspondence: M.-A. Hily, MIGRINTER, UMR, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Mshs, 99 avenue du recteur Pineau, 86022 Poitiers, France. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

65:20395 Hirosima, Kiyosi. A decomposition of household status transition of Japanese elderly. Journal of Economics, Vol. 24, No. 3, 1998. 1-41 pp. Matsue City, Japan. In Jpn. with sum. in Eng.
"The living arrangements of the Japanese elderly have been steadily shifting from multigenerational...to spouse-oriented.... Accordingly, more and more elderly live in solitary households and institutions in their later life.... We devised a method using macro-data [from] the census to decompose net transitions among household types of the elderly into two: one accompanied by marital status change and the other not accompanied by it. We analyzed the cohort change of household status of the Japanese elderly for the periods 1975-80, 1980-85, and 1985-90 using the Population Census of Japan and life tables by marital status...."
Correspondence: Author's E-mail: hirosima@soc.shimane-u.ac.jp. Location: Princeton University Library (Gest).

65:20396 Japan. National Institute of Population and Social Security Research (Tokyo, Japan). Special Study Project: 1995-1997. Study on development of socioeconomic models of population change in Japan. II. Households. Report on Special Study Project, No. 14, Apr 1, 1997. 123 pp. Tokyo, Japan. In Jpn.
Results of a special project involving the application of socioeconomic models to the study of population change in Japan are presented in this report. The focus is on households, and there are chapters on life tables, the life cycle and aging, living with other people, housing conditions, women-headed households, recent trends in household patterns, future trends in households, and geographical differences.
Correspondence: National Institute of Population and Social Security Research, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Kasumigaseki 1-2-3, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100, Japan. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

65:20397 Lee, Sang Hun. Problem issues of single-parent male-headed families and its policy measures. Health and Social Welfare Review, Vol. 18, No. 2, Winter 1998. 106-35 pp. Seoul, Republic of Korea. In Kor. with sum. in Eng.
"The main objectives of this study are first to identify the current state of single-parent male-headed families [in South Korea] and then to suggest policy measures. [Results indicate that] the mean age of fathers in single-parent male-headed families is 45.4.... The main causes of single-parent male-headed families are divorce..., death of spouse..., runaway or abandonment..., and separation.... The largest burdens of expense that single-parent male-headed families spend on living are for foodstuffs..., education of children..., and housing...."
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

65:20398 Leung, Joe C. B. Family support for the elderly in China: issues and challenges. Journal of Aging and Social Policy, Vol. 9, No. 3, 1997. 87-101 pp. Binghamton, New York. In Eng.
"With the introduction of economic reforms, families in China are challenged by a variety of family-related problems. Demographic and social changes are affecting both the capacity and willingness of the family to provide care for the elderly. The Chinese Government...has promulgated a series of laws and regulations prescribing family obligations. Yet formal services supporting families are extremely underdeveloped...."
Correspondence: J. C. B. Leung, University of Hong Kong, Department of Social Work and Social Administration, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China. Location: Cornell University Library, Ithaca, NY.

65:20399 Murray, Thomas H. The worth of a child. ISBN 0-520-08836-0. LC 95-46977. 1996. xiv, 207 pp. University of California Press: Berkeley, California/London, England. In Eng.
"This book tries to shed light on a number of perplexing problems in the ethics of adult-child relations.... Throughout this book two interrelated issues remain central. First is the significance of parenthood, and therefore children, in the flourishing of adults. Second is attentiveness to the practices and institutions--families, cultural values, professional norms, social supports--that promote the healthy development of children who themselves are likely to flourish and to raise their children well.... By `the worth of child' I mean both the significance of a child to its parents and the child's own value as a creature worthy of moral concern." The primary geograpphical focus is on the United States.
Correspondence: University of California Press, 2120 Berkeley Way, Berkeley, CA 94720. Location: Population Council Library, New York, NY.

65:20400 Oláh, Livia Sz.; Bernhardt, Eva M.; Goldscheider, Frances K. Coresidential paternal roles in three countries: Sweden, Hungary, and the United States. Stockholm Research Reports in Demography, No. 126, ISBN 91-7820-125-X. Oct 1998. 38 pp. Stockholm University, Demography Unit: Stockholm, Sweden. In Eng.
"This chapter introduces the question of how the increases in divorce, remarriage and cohabitation in industrialized countries affect the types of coresidential paternal roles men hold.... [We analyze] the complexities of men's coresidential paternal roles in three countries [Sweden, Hungary, and the United States] that vary in how the state provides for families and in how gender relations are restructuring men's family roles."
Correspondence: Stockholm University, Demography Unit, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

65:20401 Péron, Yves; Desrosiers, Hélène; Juby, Heather; Lapierre-Adamcyk, Evelyne; Le Bourdais, Cèline; Marcil-Gratton, Nicole; Mongeau, Jaël. Canadian families at the approach of the year 2000. ISBN 0-660-17713-7. [1999]. xxxi, 348 pp. Statistics Canada: Ottawa, Canada. In Eng.
"Canadian Families at the Approach of the Year 2000 consists of seven chapters grouped into three distinct parts. In the first part, households and families are the units of observation and analysis. In the second part, it is individuals--women, men and children--who are the focus. Finally, the third part examines living conditions of the family, with special focus on the living conditions of children.... [This report] is the fourth in a series of 1991 census monographs produced by Statistics Canada."
Correspondence: Statistics Canada, Operations and Integration Division, Circulation Management, 120 Parkdale Avenue, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0T6, Canada. E-mail: order@statcan.ca. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

65:20402 Prokofieva, Lidia; Terskikh, Lolita. Standards of living and family structure in a period of social transformation: Russia in the 1990s. Population: An English Selection, Vol. 10, No. 2, 1998. 483-94 pp. Paris, France. In Eng.
The authors investigate how different socioeconomic groups have been affected by Russia's transition from a state-controlled economy to a market economy. Aspects considered include family income change during the transition period, how families have adapted to the new economic context, different family types and their incomes, and regional differences in family living standards.
For the original French version, see 64:20631.
Correspondence: L. Prokofieva, Russian Academy of Sciences, Institute of Socioeconomic Studies of Population, Leninsky Pr. 14, 117901 Moscow, Russia. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

65:20403 Rendall, Michael S. Identifying and misidentifying single mothers in the Panel Study of Income Dynamics. Journal of Human Resources, Vol. 32, No. 3, Summer 1997. 596-610 pp. Madison, Wisconsin. In Eng.
"Many studies of single motherhood and related problems of welfare use and poverty have used data from the [U.S.] Panel Study of Income Dynamics (PSID). Unfortunately, the PSID's Family Unit (FU) Head definition omits subfamily single mothers not observed to leave their household of origin. Resulting biases in terms of the age, race, welfare use, and poverty status are estimated in the present study by using the 1968-85 PSID Relationship File. Substantial undercounts of single mothers in the younger ages and some overcounts at older ages are found, especially for black mothers."
This is a revised version of a paper originally presented at the 1995 Annual Meeting of the Population Association of America.
Correspondence: M. S. Rendall, Cornell University, Department of Policy Analysis and Management, Ithaca, NY 14853. Location: Princeton University Library (FST).

65:20404 Robichaux, David L. Residence rules and ultimogeniture in Tlaxcala and Mesoamerica. Ethnology, Vol. 36, No. 2, Spring 1997. 149-71 pp. Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. In Eng.
"The rise of wage labor in rural Tlaxcala, Mexico, created a shorter period of initial virilocal residence and an earlier age at marriage. Along with declining infant mortality rates, these factors led to a rapid increase in population, a larger mean household size, and a higher proportion of extended family domestic groups. But the developmental cycle of domestic groups cannot be explained in economic terms alone. The existence throughout Mesoamerica of the same development cycle, characterized by initial virilocal residence and culminating in male ultimogeniture, is a defining trait of the cultural area."
Correspondence: D. L. Robichaux, Universidad Iberoamericana, Departmento de Ciencias Sociales y Politícas, Prolongación Paseo de la Reforma 880, Col. Lomas de Santa Fe, 01210 Mexico, DF, Mexico. E-mail: david.robichaux@uia.mx. Location: Princeton University Library (PR).

65:20405 Rona, R. J.; Hughes, J. M.; Chinn, S. Association between asthma and family size between 1977 and 1994. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, Vol. 53, No. 1, Jan 1999. 15-9 pp. London, England. In Eng.
"This study compared the association between sibship size and asthma in three surveys [in England and Scotland] using the same methodology in 1977, 1985/86, and 1993/94.... The overall association between asthma, defined as asthma attacks or wheeze, and total number of siblings was not significant (p=0.22), but an only child had a higher prevalence of asthma than children with siblings.... There was no association between asthma and birth order. A significant interaction between social class and year of survey on asthma was detected...."
Correspondence: R. J. Rona, University of London, King's College, Department of Public Health Sciences, 42 Weston Street, London SE1 3QD, England. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

65:20406 Roussel, Louis. Intergenerational solidarity. Essay of perspectives. [La solidaridad intergeneracional. Ensayo de perspectivas.] Revista Española de Investigaciones Sociológicas, No. 70, Apr-Jun 1995. 11-24 pp. Madrid, Spain. In Spa. with sum. in Eng.
"Increased life expectancy has dictated the need for a new approach to the different phases of the life-cycle and the establishment of new forms of intergenerational relationship. In this context solidarity plays a central role. Solidarity is principally manifest between parents and children: from parents to children in the first and second phases of youth, and from children to parents during old age. To a large extent, this solidarity makes up for the shortfalls of a precarious welfare state."
Correspondence: L. Roussel, Institut National d'Etudes Démographiques, 133 boulevard Davout, 75980 Paris Cedex 20, France. Location: Princeton University Library (PR).

65:20407 Speizer, Ilene S.; Yates, Andrew J. Polygyny and African couple research. Population Research and Policy Review, Vol. 17, No. 6, Dec 1998. 551-70 pp. Dordrecht, Netherlands. In Eng.
"Fertility and family planning research has recently begun to focus on couples, rather than solely on women. High levels of polygyny in sub-Saharan Africa create two interesting problems for couple analyses. First, some men match with multiple wives in a given sample. Hence observations of a dependent variable that are a function of the responses from a polygynous man are not statistically independent. To correct for this, we propose that researchers use the method of generalized estimating equations. The second problem occurs when survey questions do not properly account for men having multiple partners. Variables constructed from such questions may contain error. Until better data are available, we propose that researchers randomly select a wife for each polygynous man to reduce the effects of this error. We illustrate these ideas by studying the determinants of couples having innovative family planning behaviors and attitudes in Niger."
Correspondence: I. S. Speizer, Tulane University, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Department of International Health and Development, 1440 Canal Street, Suite 2200, New Orleans, LA 70112-2715. E-mail: ispeize@mailhost.tcs.tulane.edu. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).

65:20408 Tinker, Irene. Family survival in an urbanizing world. Review of Social Economy, Vol. 55, No. 2, Summer 1997. 251-60 pp. De Kalb, Illinois. In Eng.
"Among the urban poor in the Global South, an increasingly large percentage of women are household heads because weakened kin structures have allowed men to cease supporting their families. Women produce income at home in order to combine work and childcare despite government regulations and community planners that discourage such use. Changes in policies regarding tenancy rights for women, housing design, and home production would recognize a women's dual use of her home."
Correspondence: I. Tinker, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720. Location: Princeton University Library (PF).

65:20409 Valenzuela, Abel. Gender roles and settlement activities among children and their immigrant families. American Behavioral Scientist, Vol. 42, No. 4, Jan 1999. 720-42 pp. Thousand Oaks, California. In Eng.
"This article explores how girls and boys facilitate the establishment of permanent settlement in Mexican immigrant households. Through analysis of 68 interviews, three primary roles are identified: (a) tutors, when children serve as translators and teachers for their parents and younger siblings; (b) advocates, when children intervene or mediate on behalf of their households during difficult transactions or situations; and (c) surrogate parents, when children undertake nanny or parentlike activities." The data were collected in Los Angeles, California, in 1996.
Correspondence: A. Valenzuela, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90024. Location: Princeton University Library (SF).

65:20410 Valero, Angeles. The Spanish family system. Surveying the last quarter century. [El sistema familiar español. Recorrido a traves del ultimo cuarto de siglo.] Revista Española de Investigaciones Sociológicas, No. 70, Apr-Jun 1995. 91-105 pp. Madrid, Spain. In Spa. with sum. in Eng.
"The development of the family system in Spain has followed much the same pattern as in other countries of Western Europe.... But at the same time, other factors clearly attest to the peculiarity of the Spanish family system, namely the constant growth of family nuclei (mother, father, children) and of households in which different generations live together, in contrast to a still small proportion of single-parent households, of unmarried couples living together and of young adults living alone."
Correspondence: A. Valero, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria, 28040 Madrid, Spain. Location: Princeton University Library (PR).

65:20411 Valli, Marzia; Mangano, Maria G.; Pernice, Alida. The evolution of families in Mediterranean countries: Italy. [La evolución de la familias en los paises del Mediterraneo: Italia.] Revista Española de Investigaciones Sociológicas, No. 70, Apr-Jun 1995. 107-19 pp. Madrid, Spain. In Spa. with sum. in Eng.
"The importance of family structures and their development is a cause of growing concern in European societies. This analysis focuses on Italy, and specifically on two very different regions--the North-West and the South. Both regions have witnessed major changes, but, nonetheless, they are still worlds apart in many respects. Thus, while in Northern Italy the family pattern is evolving towards European models, in the South traditional patterns still prevail."
Correspondence: M. Valli, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Faculty of Economics and Commerce, Piazza Marina 61, 90133 Palermo, Italy. Location: Princeton University Library (PR).

65:20412 Yi, Chin-Chun; Chen, Yu-Hua. Present forms and future attitudes of elderly parental support in Taiwan. Journal of Population Studies, No. 18, Oct 1998. 1-32 pp. Taipei, Taiwan. In Chi. with sum. in Eng.
"This paper examines the relationship between the practice and the attitude toward elderly parents' support [in Taiwan]. Present living arrangements as well as types of economic support are used to indicate the actual experience of family support. Three various perspectives...regarding attitudes toward parental support are compared in order to delineate possible differences between general versus personal attitudes."
Correspondence: C.-C. Yi, Academia Sinica, Institute of Sociology, Taipei, Taiwan. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).