Studies concerned with the relations between population factors as a whole and economic aspects. Relations affecting a single demographic variable and economic factors are coded under the variable concerned and cross-referenced to this division, if appropriate.
Studies concerned equally with economic and social development. Most studies on the microeconomics of the family will be found in G.2. Family and Household and cross-referenced to this division, if appropriate.
Studies on economic and social development with a worldwide emphasis, together with those with no geographical emphasis.
65:10564 Boyd, Rosalind. Workers
and borders in the context of regional blocs. [Travailleurs(euses)
et frontières dans la constitution de blocs régionaux.]
Labour, Capital and Society/Travail, Capital et Société,
Vol. 31, No. 1-2, Apr-Nov 1998. 214 pp. McGill University, Centre for
Developing-Area Studies: Montreal, Canada. In Eng; Fre; Spa.
This
thematic special double issue contains papers examining how three
regional blocs--the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC), the North
American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), and the European Union
(EU)--affect low-income workers worldwide. The papers, which are in
English, French, or Spanish, were presented at a workshop given at
McGill University's Centre for Developing-Area Studies in April 1997.
Their titles are as follows. NAFTA, international migration and labour
rights, by Alan B. Simmons; APEC and labour migration, by Wardlow
Friesen; The debate on the opening of the external borders of the
European Union: the example of the immigrants without papers movement
in France, by Alain Morice; The post-NAFTA impact of Mexican
export-processing industries on migration, by Kathryn Kopinak; Fortress
Europe: what place for migrants?, by Claire Rodier; Globalization:
myths and realities from a Cuban perspective, by Antonio F. Romero
Gómez; Free trade in the Americas: the perspective of
Québec labour and popular-sector organizations, by Peter Bakvis;
Planet-wide citizen's income: antidote to global apartheid, by Myron J.
Frankman; and NAFTA and hemispheric integration: reality and
uncertainties, by Nancy Madrigal Muñoz.
Correspondence:
Labour, Capital and Society/Travail, Capital et
Société, Centre for Developing-Area Studies, 3715 rue
Peel, Montreal, Quebec H3A 1X1, Canada. E-mail: ed10@musica.mcgill.ca.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:10565 De Santis, Gustavo.
Demography and economics. [Demografia ed economia.] Studi e
Ricerche, No. 394, ISBN 88-15-06053-7. LC 98-105356. 1997. 354 pp.
Società Editrice il Mulino: Bologna, Italy. In Ita.
The
author examines the relations between demography and economics under
several broad headings. He first introduces the elements of the
"demographic system": population size, structure, dynamics,
and behavior. He then discusses theories of demography and economic
development, beginning with Malthus. The third chapter examines the
theory of family production and the rationality of demographic
behaviors, including nuptiality, fertility, and migration. The fourth
chapter looks at equivalence scales and their application to
demography, including calculations of child cost. The fifth chapter
deals with the intergenerational transfer of resources, focusing on
Italy's social security system.
Correspondence:
Società Editrice il Mulino, Strada Maggiore 37, C.P. 119,
40100 Bologna, Italy. Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
65:10566 Demeny, Paul. Population
and development. IUSSP Distinguished Lecture Series, 1994. 26 pp.
International Union for the Scientific Study of Population [IUSSP]:
Liège, Belgium. In Eng.
This is the text of a lecture
presented at the 1994 International Conference on Population and
Development held in Cairo, Egypt. The author first briefly reviews
population and development issues considered at the 1974 and 1984
conferences. He then assesses the Program of Action presented at the
1994 meeting, with a focus on the economic consequences of population
change.
Correspondence: International Union for the
Scientific Study of Population, 34 rue des Augustins, 4000
Liège, Belgium. Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
65:10567 Djajic, Slobodan.
Emigration and welfare in an economy with foreign capital.
Journal of Development Economics, Vol. 56, No. 2, Aug 1998. 433-45 pp.
Amsterdam, Netherlands. In Eng.
"This paper examines the
effects of emigration on welfare of the remaining residents (R) in an
economy producing traded (T) and non-traded (N) goods with the aid of
foreign and domestic capital.... The paper also compares the welfare
implications of remittance flows back to the source country when they
are used to finance consumption and when they are used to finance
capital accumulation."
Correspondence: S. Djajic,
Graduate Institute of International Studies, 132 Rue de Lausanne, 1211
Geneva, Switzerland. Location: Princeton University Library
(SPIA).
65:10568 Lambert, Thomas.
Defusing the "population bomb" with free markets.
CSAB Policy Study, No. 129, Feb 1996. 35 pp. Washington University,
Center for the Study of American Business: St. Louis, Missouri. In Eng.
The author discusses "the assumption that current population
trends promise catastrophe and signal a need for extensive government
involvement.... Policymakers should ask, `Is there a population bomb?'
before they undertake costly and controversial measures to defuse
it.... In actuality, there is no population bomb that free markets
cannot defuse. Economic freedom enables individuals to make production
changes that allow the earth to meet the needs of growing
populations."
Correspondence: Washington University,
Center for the Study of American Business, One Brookings Drive, Campus
Box 1208, St. Louis, MO 63130-4899. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
General studies on the relations between population factors and economic development in developing countries. Includes studies on dependency as they relate to developing countries.
65:10569 Bhattacharya, Basabi.
Urbanisation and human development in West Bengal: a district level
study and comparison with inter-state variation. Economic and
Political Weekly, Vol. 33, No. 47-48, Nov 21, 1998. 3,027-32 pp.
Mumbai, India. In Eng.
"This paper analyses the design of West
Bengal economy in terms of human development. The human development
levels across West Bengal districts vary sharply and are more in favour
of the urbanised regions. This pattern persists over time. The overall
Indian situation also reveals this pattern but the extent of variation
is less."
Location: Princeton University Library (PF).
65:10570 Messkoub, Mahmood.
Crisis of ageing in less developed countries. A crisis for whom?
Some conceptual and policy issues. Institute of Social Studies
Working Paper, No. 254, Aug 1997. 31 pp. Institute of Social Studies:
The Hague, Netherlands. In Eng.
The author argues that focusing the
debate concerning demographic aging on the economic burden that
providing for the aged causes for the population of working age is
inappropriate for the situation in developing countries. "Firstly,
empirical evidence shows that the aged to not consume (relative to
their income) more than the rest of the population. Second, the issue
of `dependency' of the aged should be put in the broader context of the
dependency of the unemployed and under-employed in a market economy.
Third, focus of the debate should move away from consumption and
towards production. Finally, since the old make claims on the national
output on the basis of their accumulated assets, savings and pensions
the distributional issues (in relation to assets as well as incomes)
have [to] be an integral part of any pension system in order to
alleviate poverty among the elderly."
Correspondence:
Institute of Social Studies, Publications Office, P.O. Box 29776,
2502 LT The Hague, Netherlands. Location: University of
Illinois Library, Urbana, IL.
65:10571 Morocco. Centre d'Etudes et de
Recherches Démographiques [CERED] (Rabat, Morocco).
Population and development in Morocco. [Population et
développement au Maroc.] Etudes Démographiques, ISBN
9981-1949-2-1. 1998. 459 pp. Rabat, Morocco. In Fre.
This is a
general report on the relationship between population and socioeconomic
development in Morocco. The first section is concerned with population
growth and characteristics, including fertility, mortality, projections
of the total population and the number of households, the
characteristics of the child and youth populations, the aged, and the
handicapped. The next section focuses on the family, including family
characteristics and marriage strategies, socioeconomic factors, and
intergenerational solidarity. There are also sections on gender issues
and women's status; spatial distribution, urbanization, and migration;
health, morbidity, and mortality; reproductive rights and reproductive
health; education; and national population policy and international
cooperation.
Correspondence: Centre d'Etudes et de
Recherches Démographiques, B.P. 178, avenue Maâ El Ainine,
Rabat, Morocco. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:10572 United Nations. Economic and Social
Commission for Asia and the Pacific [ESCAP] (Bangkok,
Thailand). Senior Officials Meeting on Targets and Goals
of the Bali Declaration on Population and Sustainable Development:
implementation strategy. Asian Population Studies Series, No. 127,
Pub. Order No. ST/ESCAP/1375. 1994. v, 108 pp. Bangkok, Thailand. In
Eng.
This is a report on the "Senior Officials Meeting on
Targets and Goals of the Bali Declaration on Population and Sustainable
Development [which was held in Bangkok in 1994]." Following the
report and recommendations for action, papers are included on an
overview of population targets and goals; implementation strategy for
achieving the goals of mortality reduction; and strategy for achieving
replacement-level fertility.
Correspondence: UN Economic
and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific, United Nations
Building, Rajdamnern Nok Avenue, Bangkok 10200, Thailand. Location:
Population Council Library, New York, NY.
65:10573 Wils, Anna. PDE-Cape
Verde: a systems study of population, development, and
environment. IIASA Working Paper, No. 96-9, Jan 1996. ix, 143 pp.
International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis [IIASA]:
Laxenburg, Austria. In Eng.
"This study is an holistic
analysis of population, socio-economic development and the environment
(PDE) in a case study of an arid island state, Cape Verde.... The study
rests on two tiers of research. The first is an historical analysis of
the case country with qualitative and statistical detail, contained in
five chapters: history; population; social factors; economy; and
environment. It includes a demographic method to analyze effects of
mortality increase; and to estimate migration and fertility. The second
tier is simulation modeling, contained in three chapters: on other
models; the PDE model; and the scenarios. The PDE simulation model
combines multi-state population projection; a semi-equilibrium
input-output model; and a water and agriculture model. The model is
used to make an historical scenario and future scenarios of the case
country." Throughout, comparisons are made to
Mauritius.
Correspondence: International Institute for
Applied Systems Analysis, Schlossplatz 1, 2361 Laxenburg, Austria.
E-mail: info@iiasa.ac.at. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
Studies on the relations between population and economic factors as they affect the developed world. Also includes studies on the economic effects of a stationary or declining population, the effects of aging on the economy, retirement, and problems of economic dependency in developed countries.
65:10574 Green, Alan G.; Sparks, Gordon
R. Population growth and the dynamics of Canadian
development: a multivariate time series approach. Explorations in
Economic History, Vol. 36, No. 1, Jan 1999. 56-71 pp. Orlando, Florida.
In Eng.
"New long-run GNP estimates for Canada are used to
apply time-series methods to the issue of the impact of the rapid
settlement of western Canada and the wheat boom from 1896 to 1913 on
Canadian development. Using annual data for 1870 to 1939, a vector
autoregression is estimated and used to analyze the contributions of
innovations to the GNP growth over the wheat boom period. The most
striking result is the substantial impact of innovations in population.
Exports also played an important role and the investment boom that
occurred is seen as arising endogenously from the dynamics of the
model."
Correspondence: A. G. Green, Queen's
University, Department of Economics, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada.
Location: Princeton University Library (PF).
65:10575 Kuddo, Arvo.
Determinants of demographic change in transition Estonia.
Nationalities Papers, Vol. 25, No. 4, Dec 1997. 625-42 pp. Oxford,
England. In Eng.
The author discusses the transformation of Estonia
to a market economy, with a focus on trends in demographic development.
"The transition of society in Estonia has been accompanied by
significant changes in the demographic behaviour of the population,
including nuptiality, fertility, mortality and population migration....
However, this period has been relatively short, and it is premature to
conclude which of the current trends are long-term in nature, and which
will have only a short-term effect."
Correspondence:
A. Kuddo, World Bank, 1818 H Street NW, Washington, D.C. 20433.
Location: Princeton University Library (PR).
65:10576 Vatter, Harold G.; Walker, John
F. Support for baby-boom retirees--not to worry.
Journal of Economic Issues, Vol. 32, No. 1, Mar 1998. 79-86 pp.
Knoxville, Tennessee. In Eng.
"The thrust of this analysis is
recognition of the vital importance of reasonable estimates of a labor
productivity rise for appraising the ability of taxed [U.S.] workers to
transfer consumer products to the retired baby boomers of 2030.... The
essence of support capability is production, and there is every reason
to estimate that production will be adequate to substantially increase
the per capita consumption of both beneficiaries and non-beneficiaries
in the peak retirement period."
Correspondence: H. G.
Vatter, Portland State University, Department of Economics, P.O. Box
751, Portland, OR 97207-0751. Location: Princeton University
Library (PF).
65:10577 Wise, David A. Frontiers
in the economics of aging. NBER Project Report, ISBN
0-226-90304-4. LC 98-11612. 1998. ix, 497 pp. University of Chicago
Press: Chicago, Illinois. In Eng.
This volume presents papers given
at a conference held at Carefree, Arizona, in April 1997 on aspects of
the economics of aging. "The papers in this volume discuss the
implications of the rapid spread of personal retirement saving, discuss
several aspects of health care, investigate important methodological
advances in studying aging issues, and consider new aspects of
inequality." The primary geographical focus is on the United
States.
Correspondence: University of Chicago Press, 5801
South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, IL 60637. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
65:10578 Yashiro, Naohiro. Aging
of the population in Japan and its implications to the other Asian
countries. Journal of Asian Economics, Vol. 8, No. 2, Summer 1997.
245-61 pp. Greenwich, Connecticut. In Eng.
"The speed at which
Japan's population is aging is mainly a result of its rapid economic
development, which is common to many other East Asian countries. Two
aspects of the aging of the population are an increasing share of the
elderly and a declining labor force. The larger the number of elderly,
the more the transfer of income between generations, and the fiscal
burden rises. The shrinking workforce will lower the economic growth
directly, and indirectly through the falling saving ratio. However, the
negative impacts from aging can largely be offset by stimulating
participation of older persons in the labor
force."
Correspondence: N. Yashiro, Sophia University,
Institute of International Relations, 7-1 Kioicho, Chiyodaku, Tokyo
102, Japan. E-mail: yashiro@sophia.ac.jp. Location: Princeton
University Library (PF).
Studies on the environment, quality of life, conservation, food production, etc., and their interrelations with population factors.
65:10579 Banister, Judith.
Population, public health and the environment in China. China
Quarterly, No. 156, Dec 1998. 986-1,015 pp. London, England. In Eng.
The environmental impact of current population trends in China is
examined. The author notes that significant environmental damage
associated with population size and growth has already occurred,
particularly over the past 50 years. Two main environmental threats
will dominate the near future. The first is due to the fact that the
government is likely to choose jobs over environmental concerns to meet
the needs of the fast-growing population of working age. The second is
that rising living standards will contribute to further environmental
degradation. The bulk of the paper is concerned with the impact of
deteriorating environmental conditions on the nation's
health.
Correspondence: J. Banister, Hong Kong University
of Science and Technology, Department of Demography, Clear Water Bay,
Kowloon, Hong Kong, China. Location: Princeton University
Library (PR).
65:10580 Cairns, John. The zen of
sustainable use of the planet: steps on the path to enlightenment.
Population and Environment, Vol. 20, No. 2, Nov 1998. 109-23 pp. New
York, New York. In Eng.
"Although science guided by reason is
essential to reaching informed decisions on sustainability, it must be
accompanied by a new ethos, or set of guiding beliefs.... Some
consensus must be reached on the broad, general conditions governing
human society's relationship to the environment. A shared ethos would
promote sustainable use and reduce the possibility of harsh penalties
exacted upon species that do not respond adequately to alteration in
their environment."
Correspondence: J. Cairns,
Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA
24061. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:10581 Collomb, Philippe;
Guérin-Pace, France. The French and the
environment: survey on "Population, Living Space, and
Environment" [Les Français et l'environnement:
L'Enquête "Population--Espaces de vie--Environnements"]
INED Travaux et Documents, No. 141, ISBN 2-7332-0141-7. 1998. x, 255
pp. Institut National d'Etudes Démographiques [INED]: Paris,
France; Presses Universitaires de France: Paris, France. In Fre.
This book presents the results of 6,000 interviews with individuals
in France concerning the environment and the dangers of pollution. The
interviews were carried out by INED (Institut National d'Etudes
Démographiques) among a representative sample of the French
population. The goal was to measure the levels of environmental
awareness and understanding of such concepts as "nature" and
"environment" according to age, gender, nationality,
religion, socioeconomic status, residential status, and educational
status. The information gathered through the interviews reveals that a
widespread ecological and environmental awareness does not yet exist in
France.
Correspondence: Institut National d'Etudes
Démographiques, 133 boulevard Davout, 75980 Paris Cedex 20,
France. E-mail: ined@ined.fr. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
65:10582 de Sherbinin, Alex; Dompka, Victoria;
Bromley, Lars. Water and population dynamics: case studies
and policy implications. LC 98-6617. 1998. iv, 322 pp. American
Association for the Advancement of Science [AAAS]: Washington, D.C. In
Eng.
These are the proceedings of a World Conservation Union
workshop on water and population dynamics, held in Canada in October
1996. "In order to adequately address water and population issues
in light of fast-paced global changes, we need to better understand the
relationship between the two in scientific and policy terms. This
book...helps to increase our comprehension of the issues as they
manifest themselves in various sites, on the ground, and particularly
in the developing world." Chapters are included on overviews of
water management and resources; aquatic ecosystems--the challenge of
conservation; international river basins--balancing rising demand and
finite supply; and local participation in water management--empowering
communities to take the lead.
Correspondence: American
Association for the Advancement of Science, 1200 New York Avenue NW,
Washington, D.C. 20005. E-mail: lbromley@aaas.org. Location:
Population Council Library, New York, NY.
65:10583 Dorfman, Robert; Rogers, Peter
P. Science with a human face: in honor of Roger Randall
Revelle. ISBN 0-674-79483-4. LC 97-20687. Jul 1997. x, 272 pp.
Harvard University, School of Public Health: Boston, Massachusetts.
Distributed by Harvard University Press, 79 Garden Street, Cambridge,
MA 02138. In Eng.
This book has a selection of the papers presented
at the Roger Revelle Memorial Symposium on Population and Environment
held at the Harvard Center for Population and Development Studies in
October 1992. "The range of research of the papers contained in
this volume reflects the breadth and depth of Roger Revelle's work. The
subjects covered include research in the earth sciences, work in
biology and physiology, demography, research on developments in
environmental science, and studies of social, economic, and
environmental interactions. A memoir of how Revelle's exposure to
poverty in Pakistan ignited his interest in the contribution that
science could make to improving the lives of people in developing
countries introduces the volume."
Selected items will be cited
in this or subsequent issues of Population
Index.
Correspondence: Harvard School of Public Health, 665
Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
65:10584 Engelman, Robert.
Profiles in carbon: an update on population, consumption and carbon
dioxide emissions. 1998. 42 pp. Population Action International:
Washington, D.C. In Eng.
"This publication, an update to the
1994 Population Action International (PAI) report Stabilizing the
Atmosphere: Population, Consumption and Greenhouse Gases, profiles per
capita emissions of [carbon dioxide] derived from fossil fuel
combustion and cement production in 179 countries. It also includes a
graphical ranking of countries with populations greater than one
million by their 1995 per capita emissions, as well as information and
charts on related population and emissions trends. The data highlight
the significant global disparities in individual human use of the
atmosphere for the disposal of [carbon dioxide], the single most
important driver of human-induced global warming." The role of
population growth in climate changes is
considered.
Correspondence: Population Action
International, 1120 19th Street NW, Suite 550, Washington, D.C. 20036.
E-mail: re@popact.org. Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
65:10585 Hinrichsen, Don; Robey, Bryant;
Upadhyay, Ushma D. Solutions for a water-short world.
Population Reports, Series M: Special Topics, No. 14, Sep 1998. 31 pp.
Johns Hopkins University, Center for Communication Programs, Population
Information Program [PIP]: Baltimore, Maryland. In Eng.
"Caught between growing demand for freshwater on one hand and
limited and increasingly polluted water supplies on the other, many
developing countries face difficult choices.... To avoid catastrophe
over the long term, it...is important to act now to slow the growth in
demand for freshwater by slowing population growth." Sections are
included on the coming water crisis; water availability and use;
consequences of overuse and pollution; the health dimension and impacts
on mortality, particularly infant and child deaths; and the need for
improved policies.
Correspondence: Johns Hopkins
University, Center for Communication Programs, Population Information
Program, 111 Market Place, Suite 310, Baltimore, MD 21202-4012. E-mail:
PopRepts@welchlink.welch.jhu.edu. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
65:10586 Keyfitz, Nathan. A
renewable resource considered as capital. In: Science with a human
face: in honor of Roger Randall Revelle, edited by Robert Dorfman and
Peter P. Rogers. Jul 1997. 167-86 pp. Harvard University, School of
Public Health: Boston, Massachusetts. In Eng.
"The following
discourse is my contribution to this memorial to Roger Revelle. The
positions expressed have been inspired by Revelle's approach to
population study--views which contrast strongly with the bulk of
today's professional work in the field.... For Roger, the big questions
were: `Will there be enough food to go around'? and `What does
increasing consumption of fossil fuel do to the planet's
habitability'?"
Correspondence: N. Keyfitz, Harvard
University, Department of Sociology, 9 Bow Street, Cambridge, MA 02138.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:10587 McNicoll, Geoffrey.
Malthusian scenarios and demographic catastrophism. In:
Science with a human face: in honor of Roger Randall Revelle, edited by
Robert Dorfman and Peter P. Rogers. Jul 1997. 187-208 pp. Harvard
University, School of Public Health: Boston, Massachusetts. In Eng.
The author discusses the debate about the long-term impact of
population growth and the accuracy of predictions of future population
stability. "[Roger] Revelle stuck to matter-of-fact accounts of
population-resource relationships, generally finding reason for a
measured optimism about the future. In this essay I shall comment on
such accounts and examine why they do not seem to settle the
arguments."
Correspondence: G. McNicoll, Australian
National University, Research School of Social Sciences, G.P.O. Box 4,
Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
65:10588 Pebley, Anne R.
Demography and the environment. Demography, Vol. 35, No. 4,
Nov 1998. 377-89 pp. Silver Spring, Maryland. In Eng.
"Empirical research by demographers on environmental issues
other than natural-resource constraints is limited. In this paper, I
briefly review past demographic thinking about population and the
environment and suggest reasons for the limited scope of demographic
research in this area. Next, I describe more recent demographic
research on the environment and suggest several newer areas for
demographic research. Finally, I consider the future of research on the
environment in the field of demography."
Correspondence:
A. R. Pebley, RAND Population Research Center, 1700 Main Street,
P.O. Box 2138, Santa Monica, CA 90407. E-mail: pebley@rand.org.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:10589 Pimentel, David; Giampietro, Mario;
Bukkens, Sandra G. F. An optimum population for North and
Latin America. Population and Environment, Vol. 20, No. 2, Nov
1998. 125-48 pp. New York, New York. In Eng.
"The natural
resources required to sustain human life include ample supplies of
fertile land, water, energy, forests, and diversity of natural biota.
The interdependencies of these resources and their current and
projected future status in North and Latin America, as well as the
limited substitutability of these natural resources by technology and
international trade, are analyzed in this paper. The population size
that will insure the possibility of individual prosperity for everyone
while maintaining a high quality environment both in North and Latin
America is assessed in the final section."
Correspondence:
D. Pimentel, Cornell University, 5126 Comstock Hall, Ithaca, NY
14853-0901. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:10590 Reid, T. R. Feeding the
planet. National Geographic, No. 4, Oct 1998. 56-75 pp.
Washington, D.C. In Eng.
The author discusses food production and
distribution worldwide, with a focus on two questions. "Can the
planet produce enough food to feed the 5.9 billion human beings alive
today and the billions more who will be born over the next few decades?
And if we do manage to produce enough, do we have the wit and the will
to distribute the Earth's bounty to all those who need
it?"
Location: Princeton University Library (PR).
65:10591 Rosegrant, Mark W.; Sombilla,
Mercedita A. Critical issues suggested by trends in food,
population, and the environment to the year 2020. American Journal
of Agricultural Economics, Vol. 79, No. 5, 1997. 1,467-70 pp.
University Park, Pennsylvania. In Eng.
"This paper briefly
summarizes the emerging trends in global food supply and demand up to
2020, and highlights policy challenges and possible environmental
constraints to meeting the projected future food demand....
Environmental and resource constraints are not intrinsically limiting
to the necessary growth in crop production to meet global food demand
in the coming decades. However, resources may become limiting when
agricultural and environmental problems are combined with bad
policy."
Correspondence: M. W. Rosegrant,
International Food Policy Research Institute, Division of Environment
and Product Technology, Washington, D.C. 20002. Location:
Princeton University Library (PF).
65:10592 Rosero-Bixby, Luis; Palloni,
Alberto. Population and deforestation in Costa Rica.
Population and Environment, Vol. 20, No. 2, Nov 1998. 149-85 pp. New
York, New York. In Eng.
"This paper addresses a central debate
in research and policy on population and environment, namely the extent
to which rapid population growth is associated with the massive
deforestation currently underway in the tropics. We utilize the
experience of Costa Rica during the last forty years to illustrate what
the main issues are, discuss the history of deforestation in that
country, and present results from conventional regression methods and
from the application of spatial analyses. These analyses enable us to
estimate the magnitude of the relation between population and
deforestation and to identify the factors that are responsible for the
linkage between them."
This paper was originally presented at
the 1996 Annual Meeting of the Population Association of
America.
Correspondence: A. Palloni, University of
Wisconsin, Center for Demography and Ecology, 4426 Social Science
Building, 1180 Observatory Drive, Madison, WI 53706. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:10593 Shah, Anup. Ecology and
the crisis of overpopulation: future prospects for global
sustainability. ISBN 1-85898-463-7. LC 98-21064. 1998. ix, 174 pp.
Edward Elgar Publishing: Northampton, Massachusetts/Cheltenham,
England. In Eng.
Trends in global population growth and their
ecological consequences are examined using an approach that combines
analytical economics and behavioral ecology. "The book begins by
looking at population from a long-term perspective and considers the
ecological influences before going on to examine the economics of
population growth. Reproduction decisions of the family are then
analysed, and the welfare effect of these decisions on society as a
whole are considered. [The author] pays particular attention to
policies which could try to prevent or cure overpopulation. He asks
whether there is a case for intervening in order to prevent
overpopulation, and suggests that one way of reducing the effects of
population growth is through technological advances which can help
compensate for the adverse external effects. Finally, he examines the
future of urban centres in the light of population
growth."
Correspondence: Edward Elgar Publishing,
Glensanda House, Montpellier Parade, Cheltenham GL50 1UA, England.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:10594 Zhirmunskii, A. V.; Kuz'min, V.
I. Critical levels in the world human population
growth. [Kriticheskie urovni rosta chislennosti naseleniya mira.]
Izvestiya Rossiyskoy Akademii Nauk, Seria Biol., No. 5, 1994. 839-42
pp. Moscow, Russia. In Rus. with sum. in Eng.
"A critical
level of the world human population growth, at which there will be a
change in the growth tendency, was estimated on the basis of the
available data on the world human population growth and the theory of
critical levels in development.... The critical value...estimated from
the world population [of] 7,400,000,000 will be reached in 2003.
However, when estimated on the basis of total biomass of human
population...it will be reached in 2008, when the total numbers attain
9,100,000,000."
Correspondence: A. V. Zhirmunskii,
Russian Academy of Sciences, Institute of Marine Biology, Far Eastern
Branch, 690041 Vladivostok, Russia. E-mail: aisa@VLD.global-one.ru.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
Studies of employment and labor force statistics that are of demographic relevance. Includes studies of the labor force (employment status, occupation, and industry) and of the relations among employment, labor force participation, and population factors. Studies on the effect of female labor force participation on fertility are coded under F.1. General Fertility and cross-referenced here.
65:10595 Abeykoon, A. T. P. L.
Population and manpower resources of Sri Lanka. Natural
Resources Series, No. 3, ISBN 955-590-006-X. 1998. vi, 62 pp. Natural
Resources, Energy and Science Authority: Colombo, Sri Lanka. In Eng.
"In this monograph an attempt is made to review and analyse
the historical, current and likely changes in the future with regard to
population and manpower resources of Sri Lanka with a view to bringing
into focus some of the challenges and emerging issues in the field of
human resource development." Sections are included on population
growth and its components; population density and distribution;
population projections; labor supply, demand, and projected supply;
manpower projections; implications for the social welfare sectors; and
family health and family planning services.
Correspondence:
Natural Resources, Energy and Science Authority, 47/5 Maitland
Place, Colombo 7, Sri Lanka. E-mail: postmast@naresa.ac.lk.
Location: Population Council Library, New York, NY.
65:10596 Borjas, George J.; Freeman, Richard
B.; Katz, Lawrence F. How much do immigration and trade
affect labor market outcomes? Brookings Papers on Economic
Activity, No. 1, 1997. 1-90 pp. Washington, D.C. In Eng.
"This
paper provides new estimates of the impact of immigration and trade on
the U.S. labor market.... We examine the relation between economic
outcomes for native workers and immigrant flows to regional labor
markets.... We...use the factor proportions approach to examine the
contributions of immigration and trade to recent changes in U.S.
educational wage differentials and attempt to provide a broader
assessment of the impact of immigration on the incomes of U.S.
natives." Comments and discussion by John DiNardo, John M. Abowd,
and others are included (pp. 68-85).
Correspondence: G. J.
Borjas, Harvard University, 9 Bow Street, Cambridge, MA 02138.
Location: Princeton University Library (PF).
65:10597 Chenu, Alain. From
census to census: the occupational outlook for manual and nonmanual
workers. [De recensement en recensement, le devenir professionel
des ouvriers et employés.] Economie et Statistique, No. 316-317,
1998. 127-49, 178-83 pp. Paris, France. In Fre. with sum. in Eng; Ger;
Spa.
Data from various official sources are used to analyze changes
in the prospects for promotion or redundancy in France over the period
from 1968 to 1990. "From 1982 to 1990, one in seven manual and
non-manual employees secured a wage-earning job as a manager or middle
manager as opposed to one in ten from 1968 to 1975. Over these two
periods, the rate of those who set up in business for themselves as
craftspeople, traders or company heads remained the same (one in
thirty). This greater upward occupational mobility was directly linked
to rising levels of education. Yet at the same time, the risk of
unemployment increased threefold. The percentage of manual and
non-manual employees promoted or made redundant rose from 15% over the
1968-1975 period to 25% in 1982-1990. Unskilled and semi-skilled jobs
seem increasingly unstable. Women are employed in senior positions only
half as much as men and their risk of unemployment is virtually twice
as high. This handicap lessens slightly with regard to promotions, but
persists in terms of unemployment."
Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:10598 Chesnais, Jean-Claude.
The demographic situation of French retirement schemes. [La
situation démographique des régimes de retraite en
France.] Population, Vol. 53, No. 5, Sep-Oct 1998. 1,027-32 pp. Paris,
France. In Fre.
This note updates a comparative analysis of the
demographic history of the main retirement schemes that exist in
France. Particular attention is given to the different effects of the
two main economic periods that have occurred since the end of World War
II: the period of strong economic growth and full employment that
lasted from 1950 to 1973, and the period of slow economic growth and
high unemployment that lasted from 1973 to 1996. The author notes that
the second of these two periods is characterized by stagnation in the
employment sector and an increasing tendency toward early retirement,
and that this in turn has increased the burden on those remaining in
the labor force.
Correspondence: J.-C. Chesnais, Institut
National d'Etudes Démographiques, 133 boulevard Davout, 75980
Paris Cedex 20, France. Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
65:10599 Fieldhouse, E. A.; Gould, M.
I. Ethnic minority unemployment and local labour market
conditions in Great Britain. Environment and Planning A, Vol. 30,
No. 5, May 1998. 833-53 pp. London, England. In Eng.
"The
authors use the 2% Individual Sample of Anonymised Records (SAR) in
conjunction with area-based census data for pseudo travel-to-work
areas, to explore the relative importance of individual characteristics
and area characteristics on ethnic minority unemployment rates [in
Great Britain].... The most important differences in the propensity to
unemployment are shown to be between individuals, and, compared with
whites, ethnic minority groups are shown to be disadvantaged wherever
they live.... In all, it is argued that at the spatial scale which is
identifiable in the Individual SAR, ethnic minority unemployment cannot
be attributed to geographical distribution, though data at a finer
geographical scale are needed to test this hypothesis more
fully."
Correspondence: E. A. Fieldhouse, University
of Manchester, Cathie Marsh Centre for Census and Survey Research,
Manchester M13 9PL, England. E-mail: e.fieldhouse@man.ac.uk.
Location: Princeton University Library (UES).
65:10600 Fry, Richard. The
increase in idleness of immigrant arrivals: the role of age at arrival,
refugees, and country of origin. Quarterly Review of Economics and
Finance, Vol. 37, 1997. 209-28 pp. Urbana-Champaign, Illinois. In Eng.
"Census data reveal that post World War II immigration flows
are contributing to the rising idleness of the U.S. resident male
population. At the same length of U.S. residence, immigrants that
arrived after 1970 display greater idleness (relative to natives) than
immigrants that arrived in the 1950s and 60s. The analysis shows that
the postwar rise in the relative idleness of immigrant arrivals is
widespread, characterizing arrivals from non-refugee source countries,
as well as arrivals from refugee-sending nations. Unlike other measures
of the quality of immigrant cohorts, the postwar shift in the source
country composition of new immigrants can not explain the bulk of the
increase in immigrant idleness."
Correspondence: R.
Fry, Educational Testing Service, Office of Public Leadership, Suite
900, 1800 K Street NW, Washington, D.C. 20006. E-mail: rfry@ets.org.
Location: Princeton University Library (PF).
65:10601 Garrett, Eilidh M. Was
women's work bad for babies? A view from the 1911 census of England and
Wales. Continuity and Change, Vol. 13, No. 2, Aug 1998. 281-316
pp. Cambridge, England. In Eng.
"Comments penned in the
late-Victorian and Edwardian eras leave few doubts that many
contemporaries believed that women's work (in the sense of paid
employment), particularly that of married women, was bad for babies....
With these...issues in mind the opportunity was taken to include in the
1911 census [of England and Wales] a set of questions above and beyond
those previously asked...." Re-examining individual level
responses to the 1911 "Fertility" census, the author
concludes that "`women's work' in itself does not emerge as bad
for babies, but having a mother who was employed in industry increased
a child's likelihood of being born into an area which would hold
increased perils for infant life."
Correspondence: E.
M. Garrett, ESRC Cambridge Group for the History of Population and
Social Structure, 27 Trumpington Street, Cambridge CB1 1QA, England.
E-mail: campop@lists.cam.ac.uk. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
65:10602 Groenewold, Nicolaas.
Does migration equalize regional unemployment rates? Evidence from
Australia. Papers in Regional Science, Vol. 76, No. 1, Jan 1997.
1-20 pp. Urbana, Illinois. In Eng.
"The question of whether
inter-regional migration serves to equilibrate regional economic
performance is one which has received considerable attention in recent
literature. This paper addresses this question, focussing on regional
unemployment rates and real wages within the context of a 24-equation
econometric model of the interaction between regional wages, regional
unemployment and inter-regional migration in Australia. The main
findings are that inter-regional equilibrating forces are slow and do
not serve to equalize regional unemployment rates or
wages."
Correspondence: N. Groenewald, University of
Tasmania, Department of Economics, G.P.O. Box 252C, Hobart, Tasmania
7001, Australia. Location: Princeton University Library (UES).
65:10603 Grossbard-Shechtman, Shoshana;
Granger, Clive W. J. Women's jobs and marriage: baby-boom
to baby-bust. [Travail des femmes et mariage: du baby-boom au
baby-bust.] Population, Vol. 53, No. 4, Jul-Aug 1998. 731-52 pp. Paris,
France. In Fre. with sum. in Eng; Spa.
"It [has been]
hypothesized that changes in cohort size influence the value of time of
women in marriage. Given that most women are married or plan to marry,
this analysis implies that women born at times of increases in the
number of births will be more likely to participate in the labor force.
This hypothesis was tested using U.S. time series data on women's labor
force participation and a number of other variables known to have an
impact on labor supply. It is found that rapid increases in women's
labor force participation coincided with rapid growth of the population
entering marriage markets and therefore the creation of marriage market
imbalances favoring men."
Correspondence: S.
Grossbard-Shechtman, San Diego State University, College of Arts and
Letters, Department of Economics, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA
92182-4485. E-mail: shosh@mail.sdsu.edu. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
65:10604 Hart, John M. Border
crossings: Mexican and Mexican-American workers. ISBN
0-8420-2716-5. LC 98-22834. 1998. xii, 246 pp. Scholarly Resources:
Wilmington, Delaware. In Eng.
This is a selection of essays by
various authors that examine the experience of Mexican and
Mexican-American working classes in both the United States and Mexico
from their cultural beginnings and the rise of industrialism in Mexico
to the late twentieth century in the United States. The authors
"identify the problems that they confronted and explain the
survival strategies and adaptations made by communities in Mexico to
internal migration and industrial change as they coalesced into new
groups and established working and living arrangements that met the
challenges presented by seemingly insurmountable obstacles.
Mexican-American workers have applied many of these strategies, such as
mutual aid and the emphasis on local problem solving, to the resolution
of the challenges that they faced in the United
States."
Correspondence: Scholarly Resources, 104
Greenhill Avenue, Wilmington, DE 19805-1897. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:10605 Molinié,
Anne-Françoise. The decline and renewal of the
industrial labor force: a study of age distributions.
[Déclin et renouvellement de la main-d'oeuvre industrielle: une
lecture des structures d'âge.] Economie et Statistique, No.
316-317, 1998. 109-26, 178-83 pp. Paris, France. In Fre. with sum. in
Eng; Ger; Spa.
Data from a number of official sources are used to
analyze changes in the French labor force from 1975 to 1990. "From
1975 to the 1990s, the decrease in worker numbers concerned first the
youngest in the form of reduced recruitment and then the oldest in the
form of younger and younger retirement and early retirement. This
decrease has also modelled the work force's age distribution, centring
it on the intermediate ages. The age distributions found in the
different sectors ten to fifteen years ago served to handle certain
work constraints by distributing tasks by age. Such forms of age-based
selection are now being challenged." The importance of
reorganizing the design and management of labor resources, working
conditions, and job engineering in order to resolve the problems of the
aging of the workforce is stressed.
Correspondence: A.-F.
Molinié, Centre de Recherches et d'Etudes sur l'Age et les
Populations au Travail, 41 rue Gay-Lussac, Paris, France. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:10606 Morris, Martina; Bernhardt, Annette;
Handcock, Mark; Scott, Marc. The transition to work in the
post-industrial labor market. Population Research Institute
Working Paper, No. 98-12, Oct 1998. 19, [10] pp. Pennsylvania State
University, Population Research Institute: University Park,
Pennsylvania. In Eng.
"This paper reports on a subset of
findings from a larger study of the changes in [U.S.] job and wage
mobility over the past 30 years. In this study, we compare two cohorts
of young white men, from the National Longitudinal Surveys.... The key
finding reported in this paper is that the transition to the labor
market has become longer and more volatile. Young workers who do not go
on to college are more likely to be intermittently unemployed and to
rely on part-time jobs for a greater number of years.... Those who do
go on to college are more likely to work while enrolled and to
significantly draw out the period of
enrollment."
Correspondence: Pennsylvania State
University, Population Research Institute, 601 Oswald Tower, University
Park, PA 16802-6211. Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
65:10607 Pencavel, John. The
market work behavior and wages of women: 1975-94. Journal of Human
Resources, Vol. 33, No. 4, Fall 1998. 771-804 pp. Madison, Wisconsin.
In Eng.
Changes in the labor market participation and wages of
women in the United States are analyzed over the period 1975-1994 using
data from the Current Population Survey. "Women are organized into
nine birth cohorts, five schooling groups, and each year of age from 25
to 60 years and their weekly and annual work hours, their annual work
weeks, their employment-population ratio, and their real average hourly
earnings tabulated. Schooling differences in work behavior have become
wider in recent cohorts as have their wages. The relationship between
work and wages is estimated for women of different ages, cohorts, and
marital status. The gap between the work of unmarried and married women
has narrowed and the role of wages (both the wages of women and those
of husbands) is examined to determine the extent to which changes in
wages account for these movements."
Correspondence: J.
Pencavel, Stanford University, Department of Economics, Stanford, CA
94305-6072. Location: Princeton University Library (SPIA).
65:10608 Stambøl, Lasse S.;
Stølen, Nils M.; Åvitsland, Turid. Regional
analyses of labor markets and demography: a model based Norwegian
example. Papers in Regional Science, Vol. 77, No. 1, Jan 1998.
37-62 pp. Urbana, Illinois. In Eng.
The authors discuss the
regional REGARD model, developed by Statistics Norway to analyze the
regional implications of macroeconomic development of employment, labor
force, and unemployment. "In building the model, empirical
analyses of regional producer behavior in manufacturing industries have
been performed, and the relation between labor market development and
regional migration has been investigated. Apart from providing a short
description of the REGARD model, this article demonstrates the
functioning of the model, and presents some results of an
application."
Correspondence: L. S. Stambøl,
Statistisk Sentralbyrå, Forskningsavdelingen, Kongens gt. 6, P.B.
8131 Dep., 0033 Oslo, Norway. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
65:10609 Vidal, Jean-Pierre. The
effect of emigration on human capital formation. Journal of
Population Economics, Vol. 11, No. 4, 1998. 589-600 pp. Berlin,
Germany. In Eng.
"This paper focuses on a possible effect of
emigration on human capital formation. Emigration to a higher returns
to skill country provides an incentive to invest in human capital. The
level of human capital formation in the source country can therefore be
positively correlated with the probability of emigration. Incidentally
a surge in emigration can lead the source country out of an
under-development trap. The implications of the model for the
convergence controversy are also
discussed."
Correspondence: J.-P. Vidal, Centre
National de la Recherche Scientifique, GREQAM, 2 rue de la
Charité, 13002 Marseille, France. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
65:10610 Waldinger, Roger.
Black/immigrant competition re-assessed: new evidence from Los
Angeles. Sociological Perspectives, Vol. 40, No. 3, 1997. 365-86
pp. Greenwich, Connecticut. In Eng.
"This paper reports on a
survey of employers to assess the impact of immigration and employer
practices on black employment chances in Los Angeles. We observe a
process of cumulative causation in which a set of mutually reinforcing
changes raise barriers to the hiring of blacks. Network hiring seems to
have a dual function, bringing immigrant communities into the
workplace, while at the same time detaching vacancies from the open
market, thus diminishing opportunities for blacks. Employers also
perceive immigrants as far more desirable employees than blacks, in
part, because they expect that immigrants will be the more productive
workers, in part, because they also see immigrants as more tractable
labor."
Correspondence: R. Waldinger, University of
California, Department of Sociology, Hilgard Avenue, Los Angeles, CA
90095. Location: Princeton University Library (FST).
65:10611 Weeden, Kim A.
Revisiting occupational sex segregation in the United States,
1910-1990: results from a log-linear approach. Demography, Vol.
35, No. 4, Nov 1998. 475-87 pp. Silver Spring, Maryland. In Eng.
"I reexamine trends in the strength and structure of
occupational sex segregation in the United States from 1910 to 1990.
Log-multiplicative models show significant change in the association
between gender and occupation. Contrary to conventional
characterizations, a substantial proportion of this change occurred
before 1970. Likewise, a margin-free index shows more integration over
the century than do conventional indices. These discrepancies arise
from occupation-specific variations in the trajectory of sex
segregation: highly segregated occupations were especially likely to
integrate between 1930 and 1940."
Correspondence: K.
A. Weeden, Stanford University, Department of Sociology, Stanford, CA
94305-2047. E-mail: weeden@leland.stanford.edu. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:10612 Weiss, Thomas. Estimates
of white and nonwhite gainful workers in the United States by age
group, race, and sex: decennial census years, 1800-1900.
Historical Methods, Vol. 32, No. 1, Winter 1999. 21-35 pp. Washington,
D.C. In Eng.
"I present here estimates of the number of white
and non-white workers by sex and for selected age categories in the
United States at census dates in the nineteenth century.... By
providing the same age and sex categorizations for the white workforce
as for the free and slave components of the nonwhite workforce, the
figures can be combined to produce a time series for the non-white
workforce, including free and slave, or the free workforce, including
white and nonwhite workers, or both...."
Correspondence:
T. Weiss, University of Kansas, Department of Economics, Lawrence,
KS 66045. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
