Primarily references to descriptive studies. Official tabular material will be found under S. Official Statistical Publications. Items that are primarily analytical, but that also contain information on characteristics, will be found under K. Demographic and Economic Interrelations and Natural Resources or L. Demographic and Noneconomic Interrelations, as appropriate.
Descriptive studies of populations according to various demographic characteristics, including age, sex, sex ratios, and marital status. Studies on demographic aging are also included.
65:10490 Abeykoon, A. T. P. L.; Wilson,
P. Emerging population issues among adolescents and
youth. Sri Lanka Journal of Population Studies, Vol. 1, No. 1, Feb
1998. 25-34, 124 pp. Colombo, Sri Lanka. In Eng.
The authors
"examine the emerging population issues of adolescents and youth
[in Sri Lanka]. The demographic pressures have resulted in the
expansion of the numbers in this age category which in turn has caused
problems of employment creation. The educational expansion has brought
about changes in the age at marriage and life styles, which in turn has
created the need for greater attention on reproductive health issues
among adolescents and youth."
Correspondence: A. T. P.
L. Abeykoon, Ministry of Health, Highways and Social Services,
Population Division, Colombo, Sri Lanka. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
65:10491 Andersson, Roland; Bergström,
Staffan. Is maternal malnutrition associated with a low
sex ratio at birth? Human Biology, Vol. 70, No. 6, Dec 1998.
1,101-6 pp. Detroit, Michigan. In Eng.
"In this study we
analyzed the relation between maternal nutritional status and sex ratio
at birth in 3,282 children born to 684 women from a rural [area of the
Central African Republic]. Short maternal stature and obesity were
independently related to a low sex ratio at birth. These results are
consistent with animal experiments that indicate an adverse effect of
maternal malnutrition on male fetuses."
Correspondence:
R. Andersson, County Hospital Ryhov, Department of Surgery, 55185
Jönköping, Sweden. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
65:10492 Astolfi, P.; Zonta, L. A.
Sex ratio and parental age gap. Human Biology, Vol. 71, No. 1,
Feb 1999. 135-41 pp. Detroit, Michigan. In Eng.
"We tested the
hypothesis that a large age difference between parents can shift the
sex ratio at birth in favor of males, as [J. T. Manning et al.,
published in Nature, Vol. 389, p. 344, 1997] suggested in their
analysis of English and Welsh data. Among children born in Lombardy
(northern Italy) in 1990 and 1991, we observed an anomalous excess of
males born to a particular subsample of parents with a wide age gap
[more than 15 years] between them; in the overall sample the
father-mother age gap does not significantly contribute to the
determination of the child's sex."
Correspondence: P.
Astolfi, University of Pavia, Department of Genetics and Microbiology
A. Buzzati-Traverso, via Abbiategrasso 207, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:10493 Bosworth, Barry; Burtless,
Gary. Aging societies: the global dimension. ISBN
0-8157-1026-7. LC 98-8944. 1998. viii, 323 pp. Brookings Institution
Press: Washington, D.C. In Eng.
"This book examines population
aging and its implications for public retirement programs in the five
largest industrial economies--Britain, France, Germany, Japan, and the
United States. The authors report on national demographic trends,
examine the current living conditions of the aged population, explain
the structure of the retirement system, and estimate future budgetary
costs of the public programs. They also discuss national debates over
the potential reform of public retirement systems. While all five
countries share the prospect of an older population, variations in the
size and timing of demographic change, as well as important differences
in the structure of public programs for the elderly, suggest that
population aging will have widely different implications from country
to country. In Germany and Japan, for example, the population will not
only grow older but may actually decrease because of low birthrates.
The United States will experience less aging, but its debate over
reform treats seriously the possibility of privatizing public
retirement commitments. The United Kingdom has already shifted large
portions of its retirement programs to the private
sector."
Correspondence: Brookings Institution Press,
1775 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, D.C. 20036. E-mail:
BIBOOKS@brook.edu. Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
65:10494 Gist, Yvonne J.; Velkoff, Victoria
A. Gender and aging: demographic dimensions.
International Brief, No. 97-3, Dec 1997. 8 pp. U.S. Bureau of the
Census: Washington, D.C. In Eng.
This is the first of four planned
reports covering various aspects of demographic aging worldwide, with
an emphasis on gender differences. The authors here focus on the
statistical aspects of global aging and the situation of older women.
Topics addressed include the world distribution of older women, the
percentage of the aged that are female, the proportion of older women
in the population as a whole, female life expectancy, urbanization,
widowhood, and childlessness.
Correspondence: U.S. Bureau
of the Census, International Programs Center, Room 109, WP II,
Washington, D.C. 20233-8860. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
65:10495 Glamuzina, Martin; Glamuzina,
Nikola. Changes in the biological and economic structure
of the population in South Croatia (Dalmatia) from 1948 to 1991.
[Promjene u bioloskoj i ekonomskoj strukturi stanovnistva Juzne
Hrvatske (Dalmacije) od 1948. do 1991. godine.] Geoadria, Vol. 1, No.
1, 1996. 17-34 pp. Zadar, Croatia. In Scr. with sum. in Eng.
"This paper offers the results of the analysis of changes in
biological and economic structure of the population in South Croatia
(Dalmatia) from 1948 to 1991. Special attention has been paid to the
development of the secondary and tertiary activity sectors and the
influence of general economic progress on the population." Changes
in age and sex distribution are analyzed.
Correspondence:
M. Glamuzina, Filozofski Fakultet u Zadru, Obala kralja Petra
Kresimira IV. 2, 23000 Zadar, Croatia. Location: University of
Michigan Library, Ann Arbor, MI.
65:10496 Gunawardena, R. S.
Demographic and socio-economic situation in a new settlement in Sri
Lanka: a study of System C of the Mahaweli Development Programme.
Sri Lanka Journal of Population Studies, Vol. 1, No. 1, Feb 1998.
65-84, 125 pp. Colombo, Sri Lanka. In Eng.
"The accelerated
Mahaweli Development Programme is one of the most recent and largest
multi-purpose development programmes in Sri Lanka, and System C is a
major agricultural settlement that has been developed under this
programme.... This paper presents the findings of a study that was
carried out in System C, with a view to collecting certain important
baseline demographic and socioeconomic characteristics."
Information is provided on spatial distribution, number and size of
families, sex ratio, age distribution, family characteristics, and
seasonal variations in population.
Correspondence: R. S.
Gunawardena, University of Peradeniya, Department of Geography,
University Park, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
65:10497 Kinsella, Kevin; Gist, Yvonne
J. Gender and aging: mortality and health.
International Brief, No. 98-2, Oct 1998. 7 pp. U.S. Bureau of the
Census: Washington, D.C. In Eng.
This is the second of four planned
reports covering various aspects of demographic aging worldwide, with
an emphasis on gender differences. This brief addresses the health
issues springing from the fact that most of the elderly worldwide are
female. Topics covered include gender differences in life expectancy at
birth and the increasing female survival advantage throughout life,
leading causes of mortality for males and females, years without
disability, the impact of widowhood on health, and gender differences
in morbidity.
Correspondence: U.S. Bureau of the Census,
International Programs Center, Room 109, WP II, Washington, D.C.
20233-8860. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:10498 Légaré, Jacques;
Martel, Laurent; Stone, Leroy O.; Denis, Hubert. Living
arrangements of older persons in Canada: effects on their
socio-economic conditions. Pub. Order No. GV.E.98.0.19. ISBN
92-1-100779-8. 1998. xii, 102 pp. UN Economic Commission for Europe
[ECE]: Geneva, Switzerland; United Nations Population Fund [UNFPA]: New
York, New York; Statistics Canada: Ottawa, Canada. In Eng.
"The purpose of this monograph is to provide a general picture
of the economic and social conditions of seniors in Canada today,
taking their living arrangements into account.... The first [chapter]
relates to the demographic, economic and social trends, the second to
the living arrangements of older persons, the third to work and
retirement, the fourth to their sources of income and the fifth to
their housing conditions. Finally, [we have included a] technical annex
and detailed tables...."
Correspondence: UN Sales
Section, New York, NY 10017. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
65:10499 Lévy, Michel L.
Talking about aging. [Raisonner sur le vieillissement.]
Population et Sociétés, No. 341, Dec 1998. 4 pp. Institut
National d'Etudes Démographiques [INED]: Paris, France. In Fre.
Some aspects of the contemporary demographic aging process that is
occurring in France are reviewed. The author examines changes in life
expectancy, the relative stability in mortality, the changes that have
occurred since 1946, and the differences between male and female
mortality.
Correspondence: Institut National d'Etudes
Démographiques, 133 boulevard Davout, 75980 Paris Cedex 20,
France. E-mail: ined@ined.fr. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
65:10500 Lummaa, Virpi; Merilä, Juha;
Kause, Antti. Adaptive sex ratio variation in
pre-industrial human (Homo sapiens) populations? Proceedings of
the Royal Society of London, Series B: Biological Sciences, Vol. 265,
No. 1396, Apr 7, 1998. 563-8 pp. London, England. In Eng.
"We
studied the influence of OSR [operational sex ratio] on the sex ratio
of newborns and on the population birth rate using an extensive data
set (n=14,420 births) from preindustrial (1775-1850) Finland. The
overall effect of current OSR on sex ratio at birth was significant....
This suggests that humans adjusted the sex ratio of their offspring in
response to the local OSR to maximize the reproductive success of their
progeny.... However, the strength of these patterns varied across the
parishes, suggesting that factors other than OSR...may also have
influenced the sex ratio at birth and the birth
rate."
Correspondence: V. Lummaa, Uppsala University,
Department of Zoology, Villavägen 9, 752 36 Uppsala, Sweden.
E-mail: virpi.lummaa@utu.fi. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
65:10501 Moore, Eric G.; Rosenberg, Mark W.;
McGuinness, Donald. Growing old in Canada: demographic and
geographic perspectives. ISBN 0-17-605633-5. LC 98-170959. 1997.
xxvi, 207 pp. Statistics Canada: Ottawa, Canada; ITP Nelson:
Scarborough, Canada. In Eng.
This is the first in a planned series
of monographs based on data from the 1991 census of Canada. This study
examines the process of demographic aging. "Collectively, the
nation is entering an unprecedented period in its demographic history.
The children born between the end of the Second World War and the early
1960s, who form the largest age group in Canadian history, will reach
their golden years in the early part of the 21st century. Taking a
demographic perspective, [this book] explores older Canadians' lives
today and tomorrow and the implications for the rest of the nation. The
book examines both individual and population aging and focuses on
geographical variations as well as the health status of the
elderly."
Correspondence: ITP Nelson, International
Thomson Publishing, 1120 Birchmount Road, Scarborough, Ontario M1K 5G4,
Canada. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:10502 Oskolkova, O. B. The
elderly population in contemporary Russia: the current situation and
future prospects. A scientific and analytical approach. [Pozhiloe
naselenie sovremennoi Rossii: situatsiya i perspektivy.
Nauchno-analiticheskii obzor.] ISBN 5-248-00082-3. LC 98-182464. 1997.
53 pp. Rossiiskaya Akademiya Nauk, Institut Nauchnoi Informatsii po
Obshchestvennym Naukam: Moscow, Russia. In Rus. with sum. in Eng.
The characteristics of the elderly population in Russia are
described. Topics covered include retirement, old age security, the
socioeconomic status of the retired population, and social and health
services designed to serve the needs of the
elderly.
Correspondence: Rossiiskaya Akademiya Nauk,
Institut Nauchnoi Informatsii po Obschestvennym Naukam, Nakhimovskii
Prospeckt d.51/21, Moscow, Russia. Location: U.S. Library of
Congress, Washington, D.C.
65:10503 Roberts, J. Timmons; Dodoo, F.
Nii-Amoo. Population growth, sex ratios, and women's work
on the contemporary Amazon frontier. Conference of Latin
Americanist Geographers Yearbook, Vol. 21, 1995. 91-105 pp. Austin,
Texas. In Eng.
"This paper uses 1991 census and 1990 survey
data from Brazil to test hypotheses regarding the relationship between
population growth (most of which stems from immigration), sex ratios,
and women's labor force participation on the Amazon frontier. Strong
evidence supports the link between population growth and sex ratios,
though significant local variation exists. The relationship between sex
ratios and gender roles, especially female labor force participation
and occupational mobility, is less clear and appears
variable."
Correspondence: J. T. Roberts, Tulane
University, Department of Sociology, 220 Newcomb Hall, New Orleans, LA
70118-5698. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:10504 Serow, William J.; Cowart, Marie
E. Demographic transition and population aging within
Caribbean nation states. Center for the Study of Population
Working Paper, No. WPS 98-142, [1998]. 14, [4] pp. Florida State
University, College of Social Sciences, Center for the Study of
Population: Tallahassee, Florida. In Eng.
"This paper examines
the demographic transition and analyzes historic and projected data for
the development patterns of the anglophone nation states of the
Caribbean. Trends in fertility, mortality, and migration are contrasted
among the larger (Guyana, Jamaica, Trinidad/Tobago), mid-sized
(Bahamas, Barbados, Belize) and smaller (Antigua/Barbuda, Dominica,
Grenada, St. Kitts/Nevis, St. Lucia, and St. Vincent/Grenadines)
states. The paper then goes on to consider shifts in the structure of
population at older ages due to the decline in fertility and mortality
and points to some of the policy considerations that these relatively
small and newly independent states will need to deal with during the
next several decades."
Correspondence: W. J. Serow,
Florida State University, Center for the Study of Population,
Tallahassee, FL 32306-2240. E-mail: wserow@coss.fsu.edu. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:10505 Siddhisena, K. A. P.; Ratnayake,
Kanthi. Aging of population and elderly care in Sri
Lanka. Sri Lanka Journal of Population Studies, Vol. 1, No. 1, Feb
1998. 35-55, 124 pp. Colombo, Sri Lanka. In Eng.
"The main
purpose of this paper is...to examine the trends [and] characteristics
of the elderly population [in Sri Lanka] and to inquire into the status
of elderly support and care.... There is considerable evidence to show
that [the] mechanisms of family support and care of the elderly have
weakened. There is an increasing demand for institutional support by
the elderly. This paper attempts to identify some of the underlying
reasons that have prompted the elderly to make the decision to move out
of the family kinship network and seek institutional
support."
Correspondence: K. A. P. Siddhisena,
University of Colombo, Department of Demography, Colombo 3, Sri Lanka.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:10506 Wang, Zhenglian; Zeng, Yi; Jeune,
Bernard; Vaupel, James W. Age validation of Han Chinese
centenarians. Genus, Vol. 54, No. 1-2, Jan-Jun 1998. 123-41 pp.
Rome, Italy. In Eng. with sum. in Fre; Ita.
"Based on a set of
solid measures computed from the 1990 census data and the age
validation procedures conducted in our Hangzhou, Beijing and Chengdu
surveys, this paper shows that the Han Chinese centenarians' age
reporting [is generally] good, because Han Chinese people [are] used to
remember their birth dates. Age-reporting of the super centenarians is
very rare so that a small number of them who exaggerate their ages can
result in a substantial distortion of data quality at these highest
ages."
Correspondence: Z. Wang, Max Planck Institute
for Demograpic Research, Doberaner Straße 114, 18057 Rostock,
Germany. E-mail:wang@demogr.mpg.de. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
65:10507 Xenos, Peter; Kabamalan,
Midea. The changing demographic and social profile of
youth in Asia. Asia-Pacific Population Research Reports, No. 12,
Oct 1998. 24 pp. East-West Center, Program on Population [POP]:
Honolulu, Hawaii. In Eng.
"This report assembles data on
demographic and social changes affecting youth--defined as the 15-24
age group--in 17 Asian countries over the period from 1950 to 1990....
Social elements of the youth transition examined here are the
transition from early to late marriage and, particularly for the 15-19
age group, rising school enrollment. Although not considered a true
transition, changes in young people's labor force participation rates
are also explored. These demographic and social indicators are
projected to the year 2025 for the region as a whole, its three
subregions, and the 17 countries."
Correspondence: P.
Xenos, East-West Center, Program on Population, 1601 East-West Road,
Honolulu, HI 96848-1601. E-mail: xenosp@hawaii.edu. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:10508 Xenos, Peter; Kabamalan,
Midea. The social demography of Asian youth: a
reconstruction over 1950-1990 and projections to 2025. East-West
Center Working Papers, Population Series, No. 102, May 1998. 84 pp.
East-West Center: Honolulu, Hawaii. In Eng.
"The empirical
approach of this research is to assemble a data set on youth changes
that spans 17 Asian countries over the 1950-1990 period, combined with
projections of several important time series from 1990 to 2025. The
diverse historical experiences of this array of countries fall into a
distinct pattern [that] in this analysis is called the youth
transition. The relevant changes among youth during the Asian youth
transition include: (a) common changes of a transitional nature (the
demographic youth transition, including the youth bulge, the nuptiality
transition, the education transition, [and] other transitions [that]
are not measured with reliable comparative and historical data); (b)
important and measurable changes of a more complex nature (e.g., labor
force participation changes); (c) other important changes that are not
measured in this work, and perhaps cannot be except sporadically (e.g.,
age at menses, indicators of the sexual system, etc.). The demographic
core of the youth transition is driven by [the] fertility transition,
and results in a one-time youth bulge."
Correspondence:
East-West Center, Publication Sales Office, 1777 East-West Road,
Honolulu, HI 96848. Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
Descriptive studies of menarche and menopause, longevity, and increasing the life span, as well as other biological characteristics such as sex selection. Studies that are concerned with menarche and menopause as they specifically affect fertility are coded under F.5. Factors Other Than Contraception Affecting Fertility.
65:10509 Do, Kim-Anh; Treloar, Susan A.;
Pandeya, Nirmala; Purdie, David; Green, Adèle C.; Heath, Andrew
C.; Martin, Nicholas G. Predictive factors of age at
menopause in a large Australian twin study. Human Biology, Vol.
70, No. 6, Dec 1998. 1,073-91 pp. Detroit, Michigan. In Eng.
"The relationship between age at natural menopause and
socioeconomic, reproductive, and health behavioral factors was
evaluated using longitudinal data from 5,961 Australian female twins,
aged 17 to 88 years at the time of study.... Median age at menopause
was earlier for women with earlier birth year, women with late age of
menarche, women who had no children, or women who were smokers.
Differences in age a menopause between social, occupational, and
educational groups were statistically significant...for education,
major occupational classification, combined income, and self-rated
social class, with higher age at menopause for higher levels of each
variable."
Correspondence: K.-A. Do, Queensland
Institute of Medical Research, P.O. Royal Brisbane Hospital, Queensland
4029, Australia. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:10510 Floud, Roderick. Height,
weight and body mass of the British population since 1820. NBER
Working Paper Series on Historical Factors in Long Run Growth, No. 108,
1998. 44 pp. National Bureau of Economic Research [NBER]: Cambridge,
Massachusetts. In Eng.
"This paper extends the use of
anthropometric data in the study of history by exploring published
evidence on the weight, as well as the height, of British populations
in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries and by computing the Body
Mass Index of those populations. The results confirm a fall in mean
height in the middle of the nineteenth century and show that this was
paralleled by a fall in weight. Subsequent increases in weight and BMI
lagged behind those in height. The data show no evidence of
inequalities in nutritional status within
families."
Correspondence: National Bureau of Economic
Research, 1050 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02138. Author's
E-mail: floud@lgu.ac.uk. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
65:10511 Haybittle, John L. The
use of the Gompertz function to relate changes in life expectancy to
the standardized mortality ratio. International Journal of
Epidemiology, Vol. 27, No. 5, Oct 1998. 885-9 pp. Oxford, England. In
Eng.
"The linear increase in the logarithm of the age-specific
mortality rates with age (the Gompertz function) is used to deduce
formulae connecting SMR [standardized mortality ratio] with change in
life expectancy. Their validity is checked by a comparison between the
1992 and 1952 mortality data for England and Wales, and between smokers
and non-smokers in the American Cancer Society's second Cancer
Prevention Study.... It is shown that the Gompertz function is a good
fit to mortality data for England and Wales from age 30 years
upwards."
Correspondence: J. L. Haybittle, MRC Cancer
Trials Office, 5 Shaftesbury Road, Cambridge CB2 2BW, England.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:10512 Kranczer, Stanley.
Banner year for U.S. longevity. Statistical Bulletin, Vol. 79,
No. 4, Oct-Dec 1998. 8-14 pp. Baltimore, Maryland. In Eng.
The
author discusses U.S. life expectancy increases between 1996 and 1997.
Aspects considered include sex differences, infant mortality declines,
and racial differentials.
Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
65:10513 Kranczer, Stanley.
Changes in longevity by state. Statistical Bulletin, Vol. 79,
No. 3, Jul-Sep 1998. 29-36 pp. Baltimore, Maryland. In Eng.
The
author reviews trends in U.S. life expectancy by state for the period
1989-1991. Aspects considered include a regional analysis, geographic
differences by sex, decennial longevity gains, survival variations, and
factors affecting longevity.
Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
65:10514 Mirza'i, Mohammad. The
application of joint survivorship in the computation of joint life
expectancy. Journal of Social Sciences/Nameye Olum-e-Ejtema'i, No.
9-10, Autumn-Winter 1997-1998. Tehran, Iran. In Per. with sum. in Eng.
"After a brief discussion on the joint survivorship and the
joint expectation of life, the computational formula for the case in
which the abridged life tables [for Iran] are used is presented.... The
joint life expectancy in marriage by the age of the bride and the
bridegroom is computed."
Correspondence: M. Mirza'i,
Tehran University, P.O. Box 14475, Tehran, Iran. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:10515 Roszak, Theodore.
America the wise: the longevity revolution and the true wealth of
nations. ISBN 0-395-85699-X. LC 98-21645. 1998. 272 pp. Houghton
Mifflin: New York, New York. In Eng.
The author investigates the
aging of the baby boom generation in the United States. "Beginning
with a spirited defense of senior entitlements, Roszak says that the
maturing of America offers an unprecedented opportunity to remake our
society.... He includes an incisive account of the dramatic role that
biotechnology will play in treating disease and slowing and reversing
the aging process. Above all, he envisions the ability to prolong
productive and fulfilling lives as a paramount historical achievement
rather than a recipe for fiscal disaster. The longevity revolution will
force Americans to rethink their attitudes toward death and life,
competition and cooperation, wealth and
well-being."
Correspondence: Houghton Mifflin, 215
Park Avenue South, New York, NY 10003. Location: Population
Council Library, New York, NY.
Descriptive studies of income differentials, earnings, career mobility, and other economic characteristics if allocated according to demographic groups. Analytical studies are classified under K.1.1. General Economic Development and Population, and studies concerned with employment and labor force are classified under K.3. Employment and Labor Force Participation.
65:10516 Abul Naga, Ramses H.
Family background, intergenerational mobility, and earnings
distribution: evidence from the United States. Schweizerische
Zeitschrift für Volkswirtschaft und Statistik/Revue Suisse
d'Economie Politique et de Statistique/Swiss Journal of Economics and
Statistics, Vol. 134, No. 4.1, Dec 1998. 527-43 pp. Basel, Switzerland.
In Eng. with sum. in Fre; Ger.
The persistence of inequalities in
income distribution over time is examined using U.S. data from the
Panel Study of Income Dynamics (PSID). "U.S. father and son income
data extracted from the PSID support the hypothesis that the
distribution of earnings of children raised in privileged environments
[consistently exceeds] that of children of disadvantaged backgrounds.
We provide the following explanations for this finding: (i) children
raised in privileged backgrounds tend to have higher average earnings
and more equally distributed incomes than children originated from
disadvantaged environments, (ii) class inheritance is substantial for
the less privileged group. On the whole though, the probability matrix
of intergenerational earnings mobility exhibits a pattern of symmetry
with transitions from class i to class j equally likely as movements
from class j to class i."
Correspondence: R. H. Abul
Naga, Université de Lausanne, Ecole des HEC, 1015 Lausanne,
Switzerland. Location: Princeton University Library (PF).
65:10517 Anand, Sudhir; Morduch,
Jonathan. Poverty and the population problem: evidence
from Bangladesh. Development Discussion Paper, No. 559, Nov 1996.
28 pp. Harvard Institute for International Development: Cambridge,
Massachusetts. In Eng.
Using data from a recent household-level
survey from Bangladesh, the authors investigate the links between
poverty and the population problem. They "find that allowing for
even modest returns to scale in household consumption reverses the
oft-cited positive association between low income and large household
size. Thus, adding children to a household in our sample is likely to
be much less costly than often thought, and the deleterious
consequences for poverty may be considerably overstated. The most
pressing issues instead appear at the level of communities and of
individuals within households. At the level of communities, available
evidence suggests that pollution, congestion, and environmental
degradation form a coherent basis for relating population growth to
poverty.... At the level of individuals, there is considerable evidence
that poverty is associated with the relatively poor treatment of women
and girls in Bangladesh.... First, levels of maternal mortality are
high.... Second, son-preference in fertility patterns is pronounced....
This suggests that in many families, fertility rates are being pushed
upward by son-preference. Third, rates of excess female mortality are
high..., and the rates appear to be positively associated with high
overall fertility rates. Thus, high fertility is both a product and a
source of gender inequality." This paper is available on the Web
at http://www.hiid.harvard.edu.
Correspondence: Harvard
University, Harvard Institute for International Development, One Eliot
Street, Cambridge, MA 02138.
65:10518 Bollinger, Christopher R.
Measurement error in the Current Population Survey: a nonparametric
look. Journal of Labor Economics, Vol. 16, No. 3, Jul 1998. 576-94
pp. Chicago, Illinois. In Eng.
"This article utilizes an exact
match file between the 1978 March [U.S.] Current Population Survey and
administrative records from the Social Security Administration to
analyze errors in the reporting of annual income using nonparametric
methodology.... Three new findings are of interest: there is higher
measurement error in cross-sectional samples than in panels. The
negative relationship between measurement error and earnings is driven
largely by overreporting among low earners. Median response errors are
not related to earnings."
Correspondence: C. R.
Bollinger, University of Kentucky, Department of Economics, 335 Carol
Martin Gatton College of Business and Economics Building, Lexington, KY
40506-0034. Location: Princeton University Library (IR).
65:10519 Boyd, Monica; Grieco, Elizabeth
M. Triumphant transitions: socioeconomic achievements of
the second generation in Canada. International Migration Review,
Vol. 32, No. 4, Winter 1998. 853-76 pp. Staten Island, New York. In
Eng.
"Articulated within the last decade, the revisionary
perspective on second generation integration argues that the model of
equal or above average success of the second generation in North
America is historically specific, based on the postwar entry of a white
second generation in boom economic times. One implication is that the
past patterns of second generation success may not hold now and in the
future for immigrant offspring. Using data from the 1994 Canadian
General Social Survey for women and men, age 25-64, this article
assesses the proposition of triumphant transitions in which the second
generation experiences high levels of educational and labor market
achievements. Multivariate analyses confirm second generation success
with respect to educational levels and occupational status, thus
contradicting verdicts of a new chapter to be written for the second
generation in Canada."
Correspondence: M. Boyd,
Florida State University, Center for the Study of Population, 659-C
Bellamy Building, Tallahassee, FL 32306-4063. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:10520 Deolalikar, Anil; Rose,
Eliana. Gender and savings in rural India. Journal of
Population Economics, Vol. 11, No. 4, 1998. 453-70 pp. Berlin, Germany.
In Eng.
"In this study we use data from rural India to examine
the impact of the birth of a boy relative to the birth of a girl (i.e.,
the `gender shock') on the savings, consumption and income of rural
Indian households. We find that the gender shock reduces savings for
medium and large farm households, although there is no evidence that
the shock affects savings for the landless and the small farm
households. We also estimate the effect of the shock on income and
consumption for the former group in order to determine the source of
the drop in savings."
Correspondence: A. Deolalikar,
University of Washington, Department of Economics, MC 353330, Seattle,
WA 98195. E-mail: anil@u.washington.edu. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
65:10521 Docquier, Frederic; Rapoport,
Hillel. Are migrant minorities strategically
self-selected? Journal of Population Economics, Vol. 11, No. 4,
1998. 579-88 pp. Berlin, Germany. In Eng.
"In this paper we
focus on the possibility of migrants' self-selection through strategic
remittances. We argue that migrants of a specific community might be
pooled with migrants from other ethnic minorities on the labor market
of the foreign host country and that this could reduce the occurrence
of strategic remittances. In a simple model with two types of workers,
skilled and unskilled, facing two possible actions, to migrate or not
to migrate, we derive the theoretical conditions under which strategic
transfers are still operating when pooling among communities is
introduced."
Correspondence: H. Rapoport, Bar-Ilan
University, Department of Economics, 52900 Ramat Gan, Israel. E-mail:
hillel@mail.biu.ac.il. Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
65:10522 Dodoo, F. Nii-Amoo.
Assimilation differences among Africans in America. Social
Forces, Vol. 76, No. 2, Dec 1997. 527-46 pp. Chapel Hill, North
Carolina. In Eng.
"Data from the 1990 [U.S.] Census of
Population are used to assess the earnings attainment of male African
immigrants, their Caribbean-born counterparts, and native-born African
Americans. Although Africans earn more than both Caribbean immigrants
and native-born blacks, controlling for relevant earnings-related
endowments erases the African advantage, and elevates Caribbean
earnings above those of the other two groups. The findings also trace a
substantial African (but not Caribbean) disadvantage, wherein
university degree holders, particularly those with degrees earned
abroad, receive little, if any, reward for their degrees. Implications
of the findings are discussed."
Correspondence: F.
N.-A. Dodoo, Vanderbilt University, Department of Sociology, Nashville,
TN 37235. E-mail: dodoof@ctrvax.vanderbilt.edu. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:10523 Dodoo, F. Nii-Amoo; Pinon,
Gonzalo. Earnings differences among the Mexican-origin
population in the United States: nativity and citizenship
explanations. Sociological Perspectives, Vol. 37, No. 2, 1994.
293-305 pp. Greenwich, Connecticut. In Eng.
The authors "use
data from the June 1986 Current Population Survey to investigate
nativity and citizenship differences in earnings within the
Mexican-origin population in the United States. There is no evidence of
any `costs' of nativity or citizenship status. Rather, the existing
variation appears to be more than explained by the distribution of
earnings-related endowments. In fact, there is evidence that immigrants
are better rewarded for their lower endowments. A possible explanation
is that the Mexican-origin population is seen as homogeneous by
employers, who therefore compensate individuals similarly, regardless
of their respective endowments."
Correspondence: F.
N.-A. Dodoo, Vanderbilt University, Department of Sociology, Nashville,
TN 37235. E-mail: dodoof@ctrvax.vanderbilt.edu. Location:
Princeton University Library (FST).
65:10524 Flippen, Chenoa; Tienda,
Marta. Family structure and economic well-being of black,
Hispanic, and white pre-retirement adults. OPR Working Paper, No.
98-2, Sep 1998. 22, [6] pp. Princeton University, Office of Population
Research [OPR]: Princeton, New Jersey. In Eng.
"This paper
examines whether family structure enhances the economic well being of
black, non-Hispanic white (hereafter `white'), and Hispanic
pre-retirement [U.S.] men and women. Our main goal is to ascertain
whether extended living arrangements ameliorate economic hardship at
older ages, and if so, whether such economic benefits vary by race,
Hispanic origin, and sex.... The empirical analysis is based on the
first wave of the Health and Retirement
Survey...."
Correspondence: Princeton University,
Office of Population Research, 21 Prospect Avenue, Princeton, NJ
08544-2091. Author's E-mail: chenoa@opr.princeton.edu. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:10525 Gray, Jeffrey S. The
fall in men's return to marriage: declining productivity effects or
changing selection? Journal of Human Resources, Vol. 32, No. 3,
Summer 1997. 481-504 pp. Madison, Wisconsin. In Eng.
"Historically, one of the most robust findings from human
capital wage equations has been that married men earn more than men who
never marry.... This paper empirically tests the relative merits of the
specialization and selection arguments in explaining both the existence
of the marriage wage premium and its recent decline. Samples are drawn
from the [U.S.] National Longitudinal Survey (NLS) of Young Men and the
National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (NLSY)...." Results indicate
that "the drop in the marriage wage premium was due largely to a
decline in the productivity effects associated with
marriage."
This is a revised version of a paper originally
presented at the 1995 Annual Meeting of the Population Association of
America.
Correspondence: J. S. Gray, University of
Illinois, Department of Agricultural and Consumer Economics, 1301 W.
Gregory Drive, Urbana, IL 61801. Location: Princeton
University Library (IR).
65:10526 Horton, Hayward D.; Allen, Beverlyn
L. Race, family structure and rural poverty: an assessment
of population and structural change. Journal of Comparative Family
Studies, Vol. 29, No. 2, Summer 1998. 397-406 pp. Calgary, Canada. In
Eng. with sum. in Fre; Spa.
"The purpose of this article is to
determine the extent to which poverty among rural Black families [in
the United States] has changed over the 1980-1990 decade. Specifically,
the following questions are addressed: (1) What are the relative
effects of place and family structure on levels of poverty for rural
Black families? And (2) What are the theoretical implications of
rural-urban differentials in Black family poverty? The logit analysis
of U.S. Census data for 1980 and 1990 revealed that family structure
increased in its importance in determining poverty differentials
between rural and urban Black families. Moreover, despite controls for
demographic and social factors, Black families continue to experience
levels of poverty that exceed that of White families in both rural and
urban environments."
Correspondence: H. D. Horton,
State University of New York, Department of Sociology, 1400 Washington
Avenue, Albany, NY 12222. Location: Princeton University
Library (PR).
65:10527 Kalwij, Adriaan; Alessie, Rob;
Fontein, Peter. Household commodity demand and
demographics in the Netherlands: a microeconometric analysis.
Journal of Population Economics, Vol. 11, No. 4, 1998. 551-77 pp.
Berlin, Germany. In Eng.
"We investigate the effects of
demographics, household expenditure and female employment on the
allocation of household expenditure to consumer goods. For this purpose
we estimate an Almost Ideal Demand System based on Dutch micro data. We
find that interactions between household expenditure and demographics
are of significant importance in explaining the allocation to consumer
goods. As a consequence, consumer goods such as housing and clothing
change with demographic characteristics from luxuries to
necessities."
Correspondence: A. Kalwij, Tilburg
University, Center for Economic Research and Economics Institute, P.O.
Box 90153, 5000 LE Tilburg, Netherlands. E-mail: kalwij@kub.nl.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:10528 Lanzona, Leonardo A.
Migration, self-selection and earnings in Philippine rural
communities. Journal of Development Economics, Vol. 56, No. 1, Jun
1998. 27-50 pp. Amsterdam, Netherlands. In Eng.
"Estimated
returns to schooling investments can be misleading if migration causes
significant shifts in population distribution across time. Data
gathered in rural Philippine communities show that the more educated
and experienced individuals are more likely to outmigrate, causing a
sample selection bias in the estimation of wage equations. The observed
wages were then lower than the conditional population mean of an entire
cohort residing originally in the area. Controlling for self-selection,
the wage returns to schooling and experience were higher, Finally, the
sample selectivity variable accounts substantially for the difference
in the wages of men and women."
Correspondence: L. A.
Lanzona, Ateneo de Manila University, Department of Economics, P.O. Box
154, Manila 1099, Philippines. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPIA).
65:10529 Macunovich, Diane J.
Relative cohort size and inequality in the United States.
American Economic Review, Vol. 88, No. 2, May 1998. 259-64 pp.
Nashville, Tennessee. In Eng.
"The work presented here has
attempted to test the hypothesis that changing [U.S.] demographic
structure has been a major factor in the changes in relative wages that
have occurred over the last 30 years, leading to the observed sharp
decline in the wages of young adults and those approaching retirement,
relative to prime-age workers, as well as to the decline and then steep
increase in the wages of the college-educated relative to high-school
graduates.... The analysis has identified pronounced effects of
changing age structure on wages...."
Correspondence:
D. J. Macunovich, Syracuse University, Maxwell Center for Policy
Research, Syracuse, NY 13244. Location: Princeton University
Library (PF).
65:10530 Radner, Daniel B. The
retirement prospects of the baby boom generation. Social Security
Bulletin, Vol. 61, No. 1, 1998. 3-19 pp. Washington, D.C. In Eng.
"In this article, the financial prospects of [U.S.] baby
boomers in their elderly years are examined.... The article attempts to
draw together and summarize results from several different sources,
primarily from analyses that focus on the baby boom generation
itself.... Two important general points are made in this article.
First, there is a great deal of diversity within the baby boom
generation now and it is expected that there will continue to be
substantial diversity when retirement age is reached.... Second, all
projections of the economic status of baby boomers in retirement are
subject to a great deal of uncertainty."
Correspondence:
D. B. Radner, U.S. Social Security Administration, Division of
Economic Research, Office of Evaluation and Statistics, Washington,
D.C. 20201. Location: Princeton University Library (IR).
65:10531 Reimers, Cordelia W. The
progress of Mexican and white non-Hispanic immigrants in California and
Texas, 1980 to 1990. Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance,
Vol. 37, 1997. 315-43 pp. Urbana-Champaign, Illinois. In Eng.
"This article compares assimilation rates of Mexican and white
non-Hispanic immigrants in California and Texas in the 1980s, within
and across entry cohorts. Using wage functions estimated with 1980 and
1990 Census data, wages are predicted for each immigrant entry cohort
and for natives in each year, at a given experience and education
level. Mexican immigrants who arrived in the 1970s experienced wage
growth relative to comparable natives ranging from 7% to 21%, depending
on state and gender; that of non-Hispanic white immigrants ranged from
-1% to +6%. Both groups' relative wages grew faster in California than
in Texas, and men's grew faster than women's. Across-cohort
deterioration between the 1970s and 1980s entrants relative to natives
averaged 10% for Mexicans and 4% for non-Hispanic
whites."
Correspondence: C. W. Reimers, City
University of New York, Hunter College, Department of Economics, 695
Park Avenue, New York, NY 10021. E-mail:
creimers@shiva.hunter.cuny.edu. Location: Princeton University
Library (PF).
65:10532 Schmidt, Christoph M.
Immigrant performance in Germany: labor earnings of ethnic German
migrants and foreign guest-workers. Quarterly Review of Economics
and Finance, Vol. 37, 1997. 379-97 pp. Urbana-Champaign, Illinois. In
Eng.
"Of all countries in Western Europe, Germany has
experienced the most intense influx of immigrant labor after World War
II. An important characteristic of this immigrant flow has been its
heterogeneity both with respect to the motivation to migrate and to
skill endowments. The skills, and, thus, the average earnings of
post-war ethnic German migrants exceed those of foreign guest-workers
substantially. However, when these different immigrant groups are
compared to the appropriate control groups of native workers, in
particular accounting for educational endowments and labor market
segment, remaining differences are minor. Most importantly, in contrast
to classical immigration countries, no stable pattern of earnings
growth is associated with the migrants' duration of residence in their
host country."
Correspondence: C. M. Schmidt,
Heidelberg University, Grabengasse 14, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany.
E-mail: Christoph. Schmidt@urz.uni-heidelberg.de. Location:
Princeton University Library (PF).
65:10533 Shaw, Wendy. The spatial
concentration of affluence in the United States. Geographical
Review, Vol. 87, No. 4, Oct 1997. 546-53 pp. New York, New York. In
Eng.
"In this note I provide an overview of the geography of
affluence in the United States. After a brief discussion of the
literature, I address specific questions: What is the spatial
distribution of affluent counties, and can any distinct affluent
regions be identified? What concentration of affluence do any
identified regions of affluence represent?" Data are from the 1990
census.
Correspondence: W. Shaw, Southern Illinois
University, Edwardsville, IL 62026-1459. Location: Princeton
University Library (PR).
65:10534 Stevans, Lonnie K.
Immigration and occupational crowding in the United States.
Labour, Vol. 10, No. 2, Summer 1996. 357-74 pp. Oxford, England. In
Eng.
"The 1990 National Longitudinal Survey of Youth is
utilized to explore the effects that the occupational crowding of
immigrants has on the real wages of indigenous and non-U.S. citizen
workers already in the United States. Findings include adverse wage
effects as a result of the crowding of immigrants on the following
worker categories: (1) indigenous, unskilled, white or black workers
and (2) non-U.S. citizen, skilled or unskilled black workers.
Foreign-born, skilled, and white workers already in the U.S. realize a
positive effect on their real wages as a result of having a large
relative number of non-U.S. citizens in their
occupations."
Correspondence: L. K. Stevans, Hofstra
University, School of Business, Department of BCIS/QM, Building 134,
Hempstead, NY 11550. Location: New York University Law
Library, New York, NY.
65:10535 Telles, Edward E.; Lim,
Nelson. Does it matter who answers the race question?
Racial classification and income inequality in Brazil. Demography,
Vol. 35, No. 4, Nov 1998. 465-74 pp. Silver Spring, Maryland. In Eng.
"Using novel data from a 1995 national survey in Brazil, we
find that the estimates of racial income inequality based on
self-classification are lower than those based on interviewer
classification. After human capital and labor market controls, whites
earn 26% more than browns with interviewer classification but earn only
17% more than browns with self-classification. Black-brown differences
hardly change: Blacks earn 13% and 12% less than browns with
interviewer classification and self-classification,
respectively."
This is a revised version of a paper originally
presented at the 1997 Annual Meeting of the Population Association of
America.
Correspondence: E. E. Telles, Ford Foundation, Rio
de Janeiro Office, 320 East 43rd Street, New York, NY 10017. E-mail:
e.telles@fordfound.org. Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
65:10536 Wilder, Esther I.; Walters, William
H. Ethnic and religious components of the Jewish income
advantage, 1969 and 1989. Sociological Inquiry, Vol. 68, No. 3,
Aug 1998. 426-36 pp. Austin, Texas. In Eng.
"We estimate the
impact of Jewish ethnicity and religion on [U.S.] household income in
1969 and 1989. In both years, ethnically Jewish households had a
considerable income advantage over other non-Hispanic White households.
This advantage appears to have persisted even among households without
full-time workers. Mixed-ethnicity households (those with both
Jewish-born and non-Jewish workers) had a conspicuous advantage in 1969
but not in 1989. While religion brought an additional income advantage
to Reform, Conservative, and nondenominational Jews, Orthodoxy was
associated with a relative disadvantage."
This is a revised
version of a paper originally presented at the 1996 Annual Meeting of
the Population Association of America.
Correspondence: W.
H. Walters, Cornell University, Albert R. Mann Library, Ithaca, NY
14853-4301. Location: Princeton University Library (PR).
65:10537 Zohoori, Namvar; Mroz, Thomas A.;
Popkin, Barry; Glinskaya, Elena; Lokshin, Michael; Mancini, Dominic;
Kozyreva, Polina; Kosolapov, Mikhail; Swafford, Michael.
Monitoring the economic transition in the Russian Federation and
its implications for the demographic crisis--the Russian Longitudinal
Monitoring Survey. World Development, Vol. 26, No. 11, Nov 1998.
1,977-93 pp. Oxford, England. In Eng.
"Using data from the
Russian Longitudinal Monitoring Survey, we provide information
regarding changes in individual and household economic indicators, as
well as alcohol consumption and nutritional status in Russia during
1992-96. During this period, there have been declines in income and
expenditure, and substantial increases in the prevalence of poverty. At
the same time, per capita alcohol consumption has risen significantly,
as has the prevalence of obesity. We discuss the significance of these
findings within the context of the current mortality crisis in
Russia."
Correspondence: N. Zohoori, University of
North Carolina, Carolina Population Center, University Square, CB 8120,
124 East Franklin Street, Chapel Hill, NC 27516-3997. Location:
Princeton University Library (PF).
Descriptive studies of populations according to literacy and educational attainment, cultural background, religious affiliation, residential characteristics and segregation, and the like. Studies on social mobility are also coded under this heading.
65:10538 Bonvalet, Catherine.
Family-housing: a statistical concept or a political football?
[Famille-logement: identité statistique ou enjeu politique?]
INED Dossiers et Recherches, No. 72, Nov 1998. 262 pp. Institut
National d'Etudes Démographiques [INED]: Paris, France. In Fre.
This study concerns the relationship between the family and housing
in France since the 1970s. The author first looks at the demographic
factors associated with access to the ownership of property. Next, she
analyzes recent socio-demographic changes and their influence on the
housing market. The residential history of the most recent generation
is then described. A final chapter examines housing from the family
perspective.
Correspondence: Institut National d'Etudes
Démographiques, 133 boulevard Davout, 75980 Paris Cedex 20,
France. E-mail: ined@ined.fr. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
65:10539 Carter, William H.; Schill, Michael
H.; Wachter, Susan M. Polarisation, public housing and
racial minorities in U.S. cities. Urban Studies, Vol. 35, No. 10,
Oct 1998. 1,889-911 pp. Abingdon, England. In Eng.
"In the
U.S., poor and minority populations are overrepresented in public
housing, mostly located in central cities.... After a description of
this concentration of poor and minority populations in public housing,
we examine the effect of public housing on neighbourhood poverty rates
in central cities. We construct a longitudinal database (1950-90) for
four large cities--Boston, Cleveland, Detroit and Philadelphia--and
examine the relationship between the location of public housing and
changes in neighbourhood poverty rates. We find that in each city, one
or more of the variables relating to the existence of public housing is
significantly related to increases in neighbourhood poverty rates in
succeeding decades."
Correspondence: W. H. Carter,
University of Pennsylvania, Wharton Real Estate Center, Philadelphia,
PA 19104-6330. E-mail: carter@ssc.sas.upenn.edu. Location:
Princeton University Library (UES).
65:10540 Chiswick, Barry R.
Language skill definition: a study of legalized aliens.
International Migration Review, Vol. 32, No. 4, Winter 1998. 877-900
pp. Staten Island, New York. In Eng.
"The robustness of the
model for the acquisition of destination language skills is studied
using the Legalized Population Survey (LPS) of aliens who received
amnesty under the 1986 [U.S.] Immigration Reform and Control Act. The
English language proficiency variables include self-assessed overall
speaking skills (the census question), speaking and reading skills in
specific situations, perceptions as to whether language skills limit
job opportunities, and measures of speaking and reading proficiency at
work. The model is found to be robust across definitions of
proficiency. Proficiency increases with exposure, efficiency and
economic incentives for English language acquisition. The panel feature
of the data is used to analyze changes in proficiency over
time."
Correspondence: B. R. Chiswick, University of
Illinois, Department of Economics, Box 4348 University Hall, Chicago,
IL 60680. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:10541 Doherty, Paul; Poole, Michael
A. Ethnic residential segregation in Belfast, Northern
Ireland, 1971-1991. Geographical Review, Vol. 87, No. 4, Oct 1997.
520-36 pp. New York, New York. In Eng.
"The segregation of
Catholics and Protestants varies spatially and temporally in Belfast,
Northern Ireland. Using small-area statistics from the censuses of
1971, 1981, and 1991, taken during the recent `Troubles', a strongly
rising level of ethnic segregation is noted for the 1970s, followed by
a more gentle rise in the 1980s. Segregation is shown to vary among
subunits of the urban area. The basic cause of this segregation is
ethnic violence, and the spatial variation in segregation can be
attributed to spatial variation in this
violence."
Correspondence: P. Doherty, University of
Ulster, Jordanstown, Newtownabbey BT37 0QB, Northern Ireland.
Location: Princeton University Library (PR).
65:10542 Fuller, Bruce; Liang,
Xiaoyan. Which girls stay in school? The influence of
family economy, social demands, and ethnicity in South Africa. In:
Critical perspectives on schooling and fertility in the developing
world, edited by Caroline H. Bledsoe et. al. 1999. 181-215 pp. National
Academy Press: Washington, D.C. In Eng.
"The purpose of this
chapter is to advance theoretical understanding of the role of the
family's character and practices, especially variability in the work
and social demands parents place on daughters, in determining when
girls leave school. First, we review how sociologists and economists
have represented the school attainment process within
developing-country settings. Second, we report on our household-level
study of female school attainment among young black South Africans.
After reviewing the economic and social factors that explain local
variation in girls' school attainment, we examine how those factors
help explain whether and when girls leave
school."
Correspondence: B. Fuller, University of
California, School of Education, Berkeley, CA 94720. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:10543 Galland, Olivier; Rouault,
Dominique. Becoming an executive by age 30: a longitudinal
approach to social mobility. [Devenir cadre dès trente ans:
une approche longitudinale de la mobilité sociale.] Economie et
Statistique, No. 316-317, 1998. 97-107, 178-83 pp. Paris, France. In
Fre. with sum. in Eng; Ger; Spa.
Data from the French Continuous
Demographic Sample are used to examine the factors that affect the
attainment of an executive position by age 30. "They depend to a
large extent on the social standing of the father, with the exception
that children of primary school teachers stand a very good chance of
securing a senior position. The cultural level of the family of origin
and the qualifications of the given individual are also decisive
factors. Yet women are far from holding management positions in keeping
with their qualifications despite an apparent improvement in their
situation in recent generations. Living with an executive as part of a
couple is still a way for them to offset this
downgrading."
Correspondence: O. Galland, Centre
National de la Recherche Scientifique, Observatoire Sociologique du
Changement, 15 quai Anatole France, 75700 Paris, France. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:10544 Grusky, David B.; Charles,
Maria. The past, present, and future of sex segregation
methodology. Demography, Vol. 35, No. 4, Nov 1998. 497-504 pp.
Silver Spring, Maryland. In Eng.
"We review the logic
underlying margin-free analyses of sex segregation arrays. In the
course of our review, we show that the Karmel-MacLahlan decomposition
does not live up to its margin-free billing.... We demonstrate that our
preferred models pass the test of organizational equivalence, that the
`problem' of zero cells can be solved by applying well-developed
methods for ransacking incomplete or sparse tables, and that simple
log-multiplicative models can be readily devised to analyze
disaggregate arrays."
Correspondence: D. B. Grusky,
Stanford University, Department of Sociology, McClatchy Hall, Building
120, Stanford, CA 94305. E-mail: grusky@leland.stanford.edu.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:10545 Hauser, Robert M.; Kuo, Hsiang-Hui
Daphne. Does the gender composition of sibships affect
women's educational attainment? Journal of Human Resources, Vol.
33, No. 3, Summer 1998. 644-57 pp. Madison, Wisconsin. In Eng.
"Data from the [U.S.] Panel Study of Income Dynamics, the
November 1989 Current Population Survey, and the National Longitudinal
Study of Women suggest that women with sisters may have completed less
schooling than women without sisters.... There is relatively weak
evidence for this hypothesis in the analysis on which the findings are
based. Analyses of the effects of sibling gender composition on
educational attainment among cohorts of women...offer no support for
this hypothesis or for other related hypotheses about the effects of
the gender composition of sibships."
Correspondence:
R. M. Hauser, University of Wisconsin, Center for Demography and
Ecology, 4412 Social Science Building, 1180 Observatory Drive, Madison,
WI 53706-1393. E-mail: hauser@ssc.wisc.edu. Location:
Princeton University Library (IR).
65:10546 Hwang, Sean-Shong; Murdock, Steve
H. Racial attraction or racial avoidance in American
suburbs? Social Forces, Vol. 77, No. 2, Dec 1998. 541-65 pp.
Chapel Hill, North Carolina. In Eng.
"The principle of
homophily is central to several social-science theories. When applied
to the study of population change in geographic areas, these theories
predict racial homogeneity in residential settlement patterns. The
concentration of one group in an area is expected to attract same-group
members while deterring others. We examine this prediction using data
on 1980-90 population change for four ethnic groups in 1,672 U.S.
suburban cities. The findings from our analysis contradict the
principle of homophily. For example, during the 1980s, black
populations grew faster in those suburbs that had smaller, rather than
larger percentages of blacks. We explain these findings by
spatial-assimilation and place-stratification models. Minority
suburbanization is viewed as a process driven primarily by status
rather than by ethnic considerations."
Correspondence:
S.-S. Hwang, University of Alabama, Department of Sociology,
Birmingham, AL 35294. E-mail: shwang@uab.edu. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:10547 Levitt, Peggy. Social
remittances: migration driven local-level forms of cultural
diffusion. International Migration Review, Vol. 32, No. 4, Winter
1998. 926-48 pp. Staten Island, New York. In Eng.
"Many
studies highlight the macro-level dissemination of global culture and
institutions. This article focuses on social remittances--a
local-level, migration-driven form of cultural diffusion. Social
remittances are the ideas, behaviors, identities, and social capital
that flow from receiving- to sending-country communities. The role that
these resources play in promoting immigrant entrepreneurship, community
and family formation, and political integration is widely acknowledged.
This article specifies how these same ideas and practices are remolded
in receiving countries, the mechanisms by which they are sent back to
sending communities, and the role they play in transforming
sending-country social and political life." The data concern
migrants from the Dominican Republic to the Boston area of the United
States.
Correspondence: P. Levitt, Wellesley College,
Wellesley, MA 02181. Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
65:10548 Lloyd, Cynthia B.; Mensch,
Barbara. Implications of formal schooling for girls'
transitions to adulthood in developing countries. In: Critical
perspectives on schooling and fertility in the developing world, edited
by Caroline H. Bledsoe et. al. 1999. 80-104 pp. National Academy Press:
Washington, D.C. In Eng.
"This chapter draws on insights from
two literatures on education in developing countries in order to place
the traditional demographic literature on education and fertility into
a larger conceptual framework that focuses on successful transitions to
adulthood.... [The authors review] the literature on school
effectiveness and that on schooling and socialization. Key points are
illustrated with recent data on the primary schooling experience of
adolescents collected in 3 of Kenya's 50 districts--Kilifi, Nakuru, and
Nyeri--expressly to bring some empirical content to the many hypotheses
that emerge from these literatures."
Correspondence:
C. B. Lloyd, Population Council, One Dag Hammarskjold Plaza, New
York, NY 10017. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:10549 Lloyd, Cynthia B.; Mensch, Barbara
S.; Clark, Wesley H. The effects primary school quality on
the educational participation and attainment of Kenyan girls and
boys. Population Council Policy Research Division Working Paper,
No. 116, 1998. 49 pp. Population Council, Policy Research Division: New
York, New York. In Eng.
"In Kenya, adolescent girls fare
poorly relative to boys in an educational system characterized by
enormous growth, deteriorating quality, and rising costs.... Using data
from nearly 600 adolescents aged 12-19 in combination with data
collected from 36 primary schools in which those adolescents are
enrolled, this paper investigates the effect of school quality on the
likelihood of dropping out from primary school in three districts of
Kenya.... The results document both the power of existing gender
systems at the level of the family and the potential power of gender
systems within the school environment."
Correspondence:
Population Council, One Dag Hammarskjold Plaza, New York, NY
10017. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:10550 Montgomery, Mark R.; Lloyd, Cynthia
B. Excess fertility, unintended births, and children's
schooling. In: Critical perspectives on schooling and fertility in
the developing world, edited by Caroline H. Bledsoe et. al. 1999.
216-66 pp. National Academy Press: Washington, D.C. In Eng.
"In this chapter, we consider two demographic determinants of
children's schooling: unintended and excess fertility within the
family. Our analysis is empirical in nature and relies on Demographic
and Health Survey (DHS) data for four developing countries.... The
[second] section provides a conceptual overview of the linkages among
family size, excess fertility and unintended births, and human capital
investments in children.... The third section presents a descriptive
overview of the fertility and schooling environments in the four
countries studied. The fourth section outlines the statistical model
that motivates our empirical work; the results derived from that model
are then given."
Correspondence: M. R. Montgomery,
State University of New York, Department of Economics, Stony Brook, NY
11790. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:10551 Murdie, Robert A.; Borgegård,
Lars-Erik. Immigration, spatial segregation and housing
segmentation of immigrants in metropolitan Stockholm, 1960-95.
Urban Studies, Vol. 35, No. 10, Oct 1998. 1,869-88 pp. Abingdon,
England. In Eng.
"Immigration policy and the origins of
immigrants coming to Sweden have changed dramatically during the
post-World War Two period. During the same period, changes in housing
policy have affected the type of accommodation available to immigrants
and refugees. It is within the context of these and other changes that
we develop a model of the driving forces behind spatial segregation and
housing segmentation in Sweden and document and evaluate shifts in the
spatial segregation and housing segmentation of immigrants in the
Stockholm region between 1960 and 1995."
Correspondence:
R. A. Murdie, York University, Department of Geography, 4700 Keele
Street, North York, Ontario M3J 1P3, Canada. E-mail: murdie@yorku.ca.
Location: Princeton University Library (UES).
65:10552 Novikova, L. G. Basic
characteristics of the dynamics of people's religion. [Osnovnye
kharakteristiki dinamiki religioznosti naseleniya.] Sotsiologicheskie
Issledovaniya, No. 9, 1998. 93-8 pp. Moscow, Russia. In Rus.
Religious trends for the population of Belarus are analyzed by age
and denomination. The period covered is the 1990s.
Location:
Princeton University Library (PR).
65:10553 Poterba, James M.
Demographic change, intergenerational linkages, and public
education. American Economic Review, Vol. 88, No. 2, May 1998.
315-20 pp. Nashville, Tennessee. In Eng.
"In this brief paper,
I explore several issues related to [U.S.] demographic change and the
political economy of public education.... I describe the existing
empirical evidence that suggests that older and childless voters are
less likely to support public-school spending than younger voters with
children. I then note several unresolved issues about the degree to
which rational self-interest should lead older voters to vote for low
levels of public-school spending."
Correspondence: J.
M. Poterba, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of
Economics, 50 Memorial Drive, Cambridge, MA 02142-1347. Location:
Princeton University Library (PF).
65:10554 Quillian, Lincoln.
Migration and the maintenance of racial segregation. CDE
Working Paper, No. 98-29, 1998. 56 pp. University of Wisconsin, Center
for Demography and Ecology: Madison, Wisconsin. In Eng.
"This
paper examines the patterns of mobility by whites and African-Americans
[in segregated U.S. urban neighborhoods]. The main conclusions are: (1)
an important and understudied process that contributes to segregation
is the migration of African-Americans in white neighborhoods back into
black neighborhoods; (2) high income African-Americans are
substantially more likely to stay in a white neighborhood after moving
in than lower income African-Americans, but only marginally more likely
to move into a white neighborhood in the first place; and (3) whites
move out of neighborhoods with substantial shares of their population
black at a very rapid rate, suggesting that white avoidance of
neighborhoods with more than a few blacks is a key contributing factor
to residential segregation."
This paper is available on the Web
at http://www.ssc.wisc.edu/cde.
Correspondence: University
of Wisconsin, Center for Demography and Ecology, 4412 Social Science
Building, 1180 Observatory Drive, Madison, WI 53706-1393.
65:10555 Schwarz, John C. Global
population from a Catholic perspective. ISBN 0-89622-932-7. LC
98-60484. 1998. vi, 256 pp. Twenty-Third Publications: Mystic,
Connecticut. In Eng.
"Despite its rich contributions to human
spiritual and physical well-being, and its strong call for economic and
political justice, the Catholic Church's stand on population issues has
often been largely negative--absolute prohibitions on artificial
contraception, sterilization, and abortion. [The author] looks at the
positive and negative aspects of the church's stand and argues
respectfully and carefully, from within the church's own tradition, for
reassessment and change.... [He] surveys the complex issues involved in
shaping population policies in light of official church statements, the
church's role in the United Nations, basic principles and new emphases
in moral theology, and the role of the church in the modern
world."
Correspondence: Twenty-Third Publications, 185
Willow Street, P.O. Box 180, Mystic, CT 06355. Location:
Population Council Library, New York, NY.
65:10556 Watts, Martin.
Occupational gender segregation: index measurement and econometric
modeling. Demography, Vol. 35, No. 4, Nov 1998. 489-96 pp. Silver
Spring, Maryland. In Eng.
"Empirical studies of gender
segregation by occupation must be founded on rigorous measurement
procedures.... In this paper, I contrast the construction and
interpretation of the index of dissimilarity and the Karmel-MacLachlan
index with the multiplicative modeling of gender segregation and the
associated log index."
Correspondence: M. Watts,
University of Newcastle, Department of Economics, Callaghan, NSW 2308,
Australia. E-mail: ecmjw@cc.newcastle.edu.au. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:10557 Watts, Martin. The
analysis of sex segregation: when is index measurement not index
measurement? Demography, Vol. 35, No. 4, Nov 1998. 505-8 pp.
Silver Spring, Maryland. In Eng.
The author critically examines an
article by David B. Grusky and Maria Charles that concerns the
measurement and interpretation of sex segregation. "Their
statistical approach claims to differentiate statistically between
different degrees of occupational aggregation within a narrow class of
log-linear models, but the general form of their index measurement is
influenced by their choice of a log-odds ratio, despite its undesirable
properties."
For the article by Grusky and Charles, see
elsewhere in this issue.
Correspondence: M. Watts,
University of Newcastle, Department of Economics, Callaghan, NSW 2308,
Australia. E-mail: ecmjw@cc.newcastle.edu.au. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
Descriptive studies of populations on the basis of race, ethnic group, language, and national origin.
65:10558 Aspinall, Peter J.
Describing the "white" ethnic group and its composition
in medical research. Social Science and Medicine, Vol. 47, No. 11,
Dec 1998. 1,797-808 pp. Exeter, England. In Eng.
Some problems
concerning the use of the ethnic group classification "white"
in medical research in the United Kingdom are considered. The author
notes that the assumption of homogeneity in this group has meant that
some white minorities, such as the Irish, Turks, and Cypriots, have
remained hidden, even though they may suffer the same discrimination
and disadvantages as other minority groups. The case is made for
developing and using more specific ethnic classifications in order to
identify such white minorities in the future, and some specific
recommendations are made for the 2001 census.
Correspondence:
P. J. Aspinall, Guy's and Saint Thomas's Hospitals United Medical
and Dental Schools, South East Institute of Public Health, Broomhill
House, David Salomons Estate, Broomhill Road, Turnbridge Wells, Kent
TN2 3QN, England. Location: Princeton University Library (PR).
65:10559 Daley, Patricia O. Black
Africans in Great Britain: spatial concentration and segregation.
Urban Studies, Vol. 35, No. 10, Oct 1998. 1,703-24 pp. Abingdon,
England. In Eng.
"The 1991 [UK] Census gave official
recognition to the increasing permanency of the African population
through the introduction of the ethnic category Black African,
which...resulted in a vast amount of illuminating demographic and
socioeconomic data. This paper draws heavily on this database. It is
clear that the Black-African group tends to have similar spatial
patterns to the Black-Caribbean, but a high degree of segregation from
whites and other ethnic groups. This can be explained through
discrimination, economic marginalisation and poor social housing,
although cultural factors do contribute to the
pattern."
Correspondence: P. O. Daley, University of
Oxford, School of Geography, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TB, England.
E-mail: patricia.daley@geography.oxford.ac.uk. Location:
Princeton University Library (UES).
65:10560 Friedrichs, Jürgen.
Ethnic segregation in Cologne, Germany, 1984-94. Urban
Studies, Vol. 35, No. 10, Oct 1998. 1,745-63 pp. Abingdon, England. In
Eng.
"The city of Cologne is, like Frankfurt/Main, Munich and
Stuttgart, one of the German cities with high shares of ethnic
minorities. In this paper, ethnic segregation in Cologne is analysed
for three points in time: 1984, 1989 and 1994. One of the main
conclusions is that segregation is declining for many groups,
indicating a process of spatial dispersion across the city. `New'
immigrants, however, tend to be more segregated than `older' groups.
Economic conditions seem to be one of the crucial explaining elements.
They influence the extent and development of segregation patterns
directly, as well as indirectly."
Correspondence: J.
Friedrichs, University of Cologne, Forschungsinstitut für
Soziologie, Grienstrasse 2, 50939 Cologne, Germany. E-mail:
friedrichs@wiso.uni-koeln.de. Location: Princeton University
Library (UES).
65:10561 Le Bras, Hervé.
The devil in the roots: demography and the extreme right. [Le
démon des origines: démographie et extrême droite.]
ISBN 2-87678-418-1. LC 98-201846. 1998. 261 pp. Editions de l'Aube: La
Tour d'Aigues, France. In Fre.
The author makes the case that
demography in France has allowed itself to become associated with
racist ideas. He suggests this is because French demographers tend to
analyze the population with a false emphasis on ethnicity,
distinguishing between a population of "French stock" and
other ethnic groups, particularly more recent immigrants, and that this
provides fuel for the arguments of the extreme political right. He
argues that incomplete data, the extent of intermarriage among
different population groups, and the political benefits of treating all
French nationals equally make the study of different ethnic groups in
the population impractical as well as
undesirable.
Correspondence: Editions de l'Aube, Le Moulin
du Château, 84240 La Tour d'Aigues, France. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:10562 Piñeros-Petersen, Marion;
Ruiz-Salguero, Magda. Demographic features of indigenous
communities in three regions of Colombia. [Aspectos
demográficos en comunidades indígenas de tres regiones de
Colombia.] Salud Pública de México, Vol. 40, No. 4,
Jul-Aug 1998. 324-9 pp. Morelos, Mexico. In Spa. with sum. in Eng.
The authors "obtain demographic indicators for some indigenous
communities in Colombia situated in three different regions of the
country.... The indicators differ substantially from the national
ciphers. Although the indigenous population seems to be undergoing a
process of demographic transition, there are marked differences between
regions, with significantly higher fertility and infant mortality rates
for the Caribbean region."
Correspondence: M.
Piñeros-Petersen, Departamento Administrativo Nacional de
Estadísticas, Dirección Técnica de Censos, Avenida
El Dorado, Santa Fé de Bogotá, Colombia. E-mail:
avilla@multi.net.co. Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
65:10563 Zelinsky, Wilbur; Lee, Barrett
A. Heterolocalism: an alternative model of the
sociospatial behaviour of immigrant ethnic communities.
International Journal of Population Geography, Vol. 4, No. 4, Dec 1998.
281-98 pp. Chichester, England. In Eng.
"This paper evaluates
critically the applicability of the well-known assimilation and
pluralist models to the contemporary ethnic landscape of the U.S.... We
then consider an alternative model, labelled heterolocalism, which
suggests that members of certain newly arrived groups may be able to
sustain their identity as an ethnic community despite immediate or
rapid spatial dispersion. The applicability of the heterolocal
perspective to non-metropolitan and transnational phenomena is
evaluated in subsequent sections of the
paper."
Correspondence: W. Zelinsky, Pennsylvania
State University, Department of Geography, 317 Walker Building,
University Park, PA 16802. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
