Studies that treat quantitative fertility data analytically. References to crude data are coded under S. Official Statistical Publications. Methodological studies specifically concerned with fertility are cited in this division and cross-referenced to N. Methods of Research and Analysis Including Models, if necessary.
Analytical studies of quantitative birth data and reproduction rates and studies of fertility and its concomitants. Studies of age at marriage, divorce, and factors influencing family size are coded under G.1. Marriage and Divorce or G.2. Family and Household.
65:10165 Attané, Isabelle; Sun,
Minglei. Birth rate and fertility in China: how credible
are recent data? [Natalité et fécondité en
Chine: quel crédit accorder aux données récentes?]
Population, Vol. 53, No. 4, Jul-Aug 1998. 847-57 pp. Paris, France. In
Fre.
After a brief review of official demographic sources in China,
the authors examine fertility data available for the 1980s and 1990s.
They point out significant contradictions between different data
sources and conclude that recent demographic trends cannot be
pinpointed with precision; so far, data for the 1990s (1992 and 1995
censuses) has been of mediocre quality, in contrast to the 1980s, for
which relatively trustworthy data exist.
Correspondence: I.
Attané, Institut National d'Etudes Démographiques, 133
boulevard Davout, 75980 Paris Cedex 20, France. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:10166 Basu, Alaka M. Women's
education, marriage, and fertility in South Asia: do men really not
matter? In: Critical perspectives on schooling and fertility in
the developing world, edited by Caroline H. Bledsoe et. al. 1999.
267-86 pp. National Academy Press: Washington, D.C. In Eng.
"This chapter attempts to isolate only one strand of the
female education-marriage-fertility relationship. It argues that
aspects of marriage other than its timing are relevant to fertility.
Quite apart from whether educated women marry early or late is the
question of the kind of men educated women marry. Are these the kind of
men whose reproductive goals need to be changed or overruled by their
educated wives? That is, is reproductive autonomy an essential
ingredient of the education-fertility relation? The chapter suggests
that it is not." Most of the examples given are based on data from
the National Family Health Survey of India.
Correspondence:
A. M. Basu, Cornell University, Division of Nutritional Sciences,
Ithaca, NY 14853. Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
65:10167 Bhattacharya, Prabir C.
Determinants of fertility in three north Indian states: caste,
female autonomy and economic development. Canadian Journal of
Development Studies, Vol. 19, No. 1, 1998. 37-53 pp. Ottawa, Canada. In
Eng. with sum. in Fre.
"This paper examines some of the
determinants of fertility in three fairly homogenous states in northern
India. The results show that scheduled tribe status--though not the
scheduled caste status--has a substantial negative effect on fertility.
The results also provide strong support for the view that improving the
position of women through more equitable social and economic
development will have a far greater impact on fertility reduction than
will the provision of family planning services. Finally, the results
provide indirect support for the view that increased income leads to
increased fertility and that children are not `inferior
goods'."
Correspondence: P. C. Bhattacharya,
Heriot-Watt University, Department of Economics, Edinburgh EH14 4AS,
Midlothian, Scotland. E-mail: p.g.hare@hw.ac.uk. Location:
Princeton University Library (FST).
65:10168 Bledsoe, Caroline H.; Casterline,
John B.; Johnson-Kuhn, Jennifer A.; Haaga, John G.
Critical perspectives on schooling and fertility in the developing
world. ISBN 0-309-06191-1. LC 98-40216. 1999. x, 320 pp. National
Academy Press: Washington, D.C. In Eng.
"This volume [brings]
together analyses from several research perspectives to reexamine the
education-fertility relationship and to rethink conventional lines of
logic in the education-fertility paradigm. Although the geographical
focus of most of the case studies is Africa, the papers, as well as
this introduction, draw from a wider world
literature."
Selected items will be cited in this or subsequent
issues of Population Index.
Correspondence: National
Academy Press, 2101 Constitution Avenue NW, Washington, D.C. 20418.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:10169 Bongaarts, John.
Demographic consequences of declining fertility. Science, Vol.
282, No. 5388, Oct 16, 1998. 419-20 pp. Washington, D.C. In Eng.
The author discusses the potential adverse consequences of
prolonged fertility decline. Aspects considered include the reliability
of UN population projections, actual versus desired fertility, delayed
childbearing, regional differences, and policy
options.
Correspondence: J. Bongaarts, Population Council,
Research Division, One Dag Hammarskjold Plaza, New York, NY 10017.
E-mail: jbongaarts@popcouncil.org. Location: Princeton
University Library (SQ).
65:10170 Bongaarts, John.
Fertility and reproductive preferences in post-transitional
societies. Population Council Policy Research Division Working
Paper, No. 114, 1998. 38 pp. Population Council, Policy Research
Division: New York, New York. In Eng.
"This paper examines the
causes of discrepancies between reproductive preferences and observed
fertility. Examples of such deviations are found in many contemporary
developed countries, where desired family size is typically two
children while fertility is well below replacement. Six factors are
identified as the causes of these discrepancies. Of these factors, the
fertility-depressing impact of the rising age at childbearing is one of
the most important. This factor reduces fertility only as long as the
age at childbearing keeps rising. Once the mean age stops rising--as it
eventually must--fertility will rise closer to the desired level of two
children, because the depressing effect is then removed. The current
low levels of fertility in many developed countries may therefore not
be permanent."
Correspondence: Population Council, One
Dag Hammarskjold Plaza, New York, NY 10017. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:10171 Brizuela, Fulvia R.
Fertility in Paraguay: geography and social diversity.
1960-1990. [La fecundidad en Paraguay: geografía y
diversidad social. Período 1960-1990.] 1996. 143 pp.
Dirección General de Estadística, Encuestas y Censos:
Asunción, Paraguay. In Spa.
This is an analysis of fertility
trends in Paraguay during the period 1960-1990. There are chapters on
the demographic transition, theoretical and methodological aspects of
the study of fertility, fertility levels and trends, social and spatial
aspects of fertility changes between 1960 and 1990, and the study of
fertility using regression analysis. Data are primarily taken from the
census.
Correspondence: Dirección General de
Estadística, Encuestas y Censos, Naciones Unidas y Zenteno, Zona
Norte, Fernando de la Mora, Asunción, Paraguay. E-mail:
dgec@sce.cnc.una.py. Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
65:10172 Carter, Anthony T. What
is meant, and measured, by "education"? In: Critical
perspectives on schooling and fertility in the developing world, edited
by Caroline H. Bledsoe et. al. 1999. 49-79 pp. National Academy Press:
Washington, D.C. In Eng.
"This chapter is a critical
discussion of selected literature in demography, anthropology, and
cognate disciplines on the nature and [fertility] consequences of
education. It begins by outlining two sharply contrasting views of
education.... I [then] argue, first, that the autonomous concept of
education pervades the literature on education and fertility change
and, second, that it is unsatisfactory.... I sketch some of the
implications of the alternative concept of education as socially
situated practices for further research on fertility change. The final
section presents some final reflections on the relationship between
education and fertility from the anthropological point of view."
The geographical scope is worldwide.
Correspondence: A. T.
Carter, University of Rochester, Department of Anthropology, Wilson
Boulevard, Rochester, NY 14627. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
65:10173 Chaturvedi, H. K.; Phukan, R. K.;
Mahanta, J. Socio-economic factors and fertility of rural
women: a study in upper Assam. Journal of Human Ecology, Vol. 9,
No. 2, Mar 1998. 177-80 pp. Delhi, India. In Eng.
"To study
the effect of some socioeconomic factors on the number of living
children, a random sample from rural areas of upper Assam were
collected from eight villages of two Primary Health Centres. 150
mothers between 20 to 50 years [of] age were interviewed to collect
socioeconomic and demographic information. [A] total [of] seven
variables were included for analysis to determine its effect on number
of living children of mothers.... Step wise regression analysis of data
indicates that mother's age, her education and father's and mother's
occupation are significantly affecting the number of living children.
It is interesting to note that mother's education makes the largest
contribution to...fertility followed by her age where as father's
education plays [a] lesser role than his
occupation."
Correspondence: H. K. Chaturvedi,
Regional Medical Research Centre, Northeast Region, P.O. Box 105,
Dibrugarh 786 001, Assam, India. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
65:10174 Clarke, Adele E.
Disciplining reproduction: modernity, American life sciences, and
"the problems of sex" ISBN 0-520-20720-3. LC 97-1114.
1998. xvii, 421 pp. University of California Press: Berkeley,
California/London, England. In Eng.
The author discusses the
history of the search for reproductive knowledge in the United States.
She "traces the complicated paths through which physiological
approaches to reproduction led to endocrinological approaches, creating
along the way new technoscientific products from contraceptives to
hormone therapies to new modes of assisted conception.... Elucidating
the deep cultural tensions that have permeated reproductive topics
historically and in the present, [the book] is at heart about the
twentieth century's drive to rationalize reproduction, human and
nonhuman, in order to control life itself."
Correspondence:
University of California Press, 2120 Berkeley Way, Berkeley, CA
94720. Location: Population Council Library, New York, NY.
65:10175 de Beer, J.; de Graaf, A.
More women will have only one child. [Meer vrouwen krijgen
maar één kind.] Maandstatistiek van de Bevolking, Vol.
46, No. 11, Nov 1998. 8-11 pp. Voorburg, Netherlands. In Dut. with sum.
in Eng.
"After a decline which started in 1992 and ended in
1997, the number of births [in the Netherlands] has been increasing in
1998.... The increase in the number of births is mainly due to a rise
in the number of first births. As the rate of increase in the number of
first births exceeds that expected in recent population forecasts, it
is likely that the number of childless women will increase less
strongly than expected. In contrast, the percentage of women having
only one child is likely to increase more strongly than
expected."
Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
65:10176 Di Giulia, P.; Lesthaeghe, R.; Moors,
G.; Pinnelli, A. Fertility tempo and quantum: an empirical
test of major theories with data from four FFS-countries. IPD
Working Paper, No. 1999-2, [1999]. 15 pp. Vrije Universiteit Brussel,
Interface Demography: Brussels, Belgium. In Eng.
"The aim of
the study is to confront predictions derived from a set of fertility
theories with empirical outcomes stemming from the `Fertility and
Family Survey' (FFS) conducted in...Belgium, Germany (former FRG),
Italy and Hungary.... We shall refer to these theories as follows: (i)
the theory of female economic autonomy; (ii) the theory of relative
economic deprivation; (iii) the theory of ideational change; [and] (iv)
the extra effect of (intergenerational) union
instability."
Correspondence: Vrije Universiteit
Brussel, Interface Demography, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium.
E-mail: esvbalck@vub.ac.be. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
65:10177 Diamond, Ian; Newby, Margaret; Varle,
Sarah. Female education and fertility: examining the
links. In: Critical perspectives on schooling and fertility in the
developing world, edited by Caroline H. Bledsoe et. al. 1999. 23-48 pp.
National Academy Press: Washington, D.C. In Eng.
"The authors
review a broad array of studies [on the education-fertility
relationship], positing that while primary education may affect
fertility indirectly, by mediating the effect of various factors,
secondary and higher education may influence fertility more
directly.... They also ask, however, how the same measure of schooling
can lead to very different fertility outcomes depending on the social,
economic, and political circumstances. They identify multiple possible
pathways to explain the influence of education on fertility:
employment/opportunity costs, the nature of marriage, familiarity with
bureaucratic institutions, and reference communities." The
geographical focus is on developing countries.
Correspondence:
I. Diamond, University of Southampton, Department of Social
Statistics, Southampton SO9 5NH, England. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
65:10178 Dickert-Conlin, Stacy; Chandra,
Amitabh. Taxes and the timing of births. Journal of
Political Economy, Vol. 107, No. 1, Feb 1999. 161-77 pp. Chicago,
Illinois. In Eng.
"Because the [U.S.] tax savings of having a
child are realized only if the birth takes place before midnight,
January 1, the incentives for the `marginal' birth are substantial.
Using a sample of children from the National Longitudinal Survey of
Youth, we find that the probability that a child is born in the last
week of December, rather than the first week of January, is positively
correlated with tax benefits. We estimate that increasing the tax
benefit of having a child by $500 raises the probability of having the
child in the last week of December by 26.9
percent."
Correspondence: S. Dickert-Conlin, Syracuse
University, Syracuse, NY 13244. Location: Princeton University
Library (PF).
65:10179 Dodoo, F. Nii-Amoo.
Insights into spousal differences in reproductive
disagreement. Sociological Focus, Vol. 26, No. 3, Aug 1993. 257-70
pp. Bowling Green, Ohio. In Eng.
"Although considerable
disagreement about fertility goals exists among spouses, there is
little evidence that these result from differences in the relative
status of spouses. Data from the 1988 Ghana Demographic and Health
Survey are used here to show that a higher relative occupational status
of women inclines couples away from agreement on having more children.
The research and policy implications of these findings are
discussed."
Correspondence: F. N.-A. Dodoo, Vanderbilt
University, Department of Sociology, Nashville, TN 37235. E-mail:
dodoof@ctrvax.vanderbilt.edu. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
65:10180 Dorbritz, Jürgen.
Fertility trends in low-fertility countries and fertility scenarios
in Germany. [Trends der Geburtenhäufigkeit in
Niedrig-Fertilitäts-Ländern und Szenarien der Familienbildung
in Deutschland.] Zeitschrift für Bevölkerungswissenschaft,
Vol. 23, No. 2, 1998. 179-210 pp. Wiesbaden, Germany. In Ger. with sum.
in Eng; Fre.
"An experts conference which had been initiated
by the UN Population Division with the objective to discuss the future
fertility trends in countries with a low birth-rate...gave rise to the
debate on this topic.... The present article serves as a revision of
the `Expert group meeting on below-replacement fertility'. Based on the
description of the trends in low-fertility countries, the strategy in
respect of the formation of scenarios for the revision in 1998 are
initially described, first results are presented and the scenarios
developed [for] Germany are critically
discussed."
Correspondence: J. Dorbritz,
Bundesinstitut für Bevölkerungsforschung,
Friedrich-Ebert-Allee 4, Postfach 5528, 65180 Wiesbaden, Germany.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:10181 Eloundou-Enyegue, Parfait M.
Fertility and education: what do we now know? In: Critical
perspectives on schooling and fertility in the developing world, edited
by Caroline H. Bledsoe et. al. 1999. 287-305 pp. National Academy
Press: Washington, D.C. In Eng.
"This chapter addresses the
persistent difficulty of deriving general conclusions from existing
studies on education and fertility. Because most of these
difficulties...are well known, the emphasis is not on their
enumeration, but on their integration within a systematic analysis of
historical changes in the education-fertility discourse. The main
argument developed throughout is that the persistence of interpretive
difficulties--and the resulting ambiguity in the education-fertility
discourse--arises largely from an uneven growth in the four pillars
that sustain this discourse: policy agenda, theory, methodology, and
empirical evidence." The geographical focus is on developing
countries.
Correspondence: P. M. Eloundou-Enyegue, RAND,
1700 Main Street, Santa Monica, CA 90407-2138. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:10182 Estrella Valenzuela,
Gabriel. Fertility and migration to Mexico's northern
frontier: the case of Baja California. [Fécondité et
migration à la frontière nord du Mexique: le cas de la
Basse-Californie.] Cahiers des Amériques Latines, No. 22, 1997.
115-44 pp. Paris, France. In Fre. with sum. in Eng; Spa.
The impact
on fertility of internal migration to the Mexican state of Baja
California is analyzed using the Bongaarts proximate determinants
fertility model and data from surveys carried out in the state in 1986
and 1990. "The results of that analysis show, on one hand, that
the reproductive patterns of the migrant and non-migrant populations
are clearly differentiated (both in terms of illegitimate fertility,
and of union formation, contraception prevalence, and postpartum
infecundability due to lactation), and that from those patterns emerges
a differential that turns out to be of 17.5% higher fertility for the
migrant population. The results, on the other hand, also allow for an
estimate that shows that, for each 3 new migrants that arrive to the
state each year, the cumulated migration generates 2 new residents of
the state through the births from migrant
women."
Correspondence: G. Estrella Valenzuela,
Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Instituto de
Investigaciones Sociales, Apartado Postal 459, Avenida Alvaro
Obregón y Julian Carrillo s/n, 21100 Mexicali, Baja California,
Mexico. Location: Rutgers University Library, New Brunswick,
NJ.
65:10183 Gaisie, Samuel K.
Fertility transition in Botswana. Journal of Contemporary
African Studies, Vol. 16, No. 2, Jul 1998. 277-96 pp. Grahamstown,
South Africa. In Eng.
"Botswana exhibits a medium total
fertility rate...and is one of three countries in Sub-Saharan
Africa...reported to be experiencing incipient fertility decline....
This paper examines some...issues in relation to the fertility trend in
Botswana." Sections are included on evidence of fertility decline;
impact of labor migration on family structure; proximate determinants;
nuptiality patterns and fertility; and development and fertility
change.
Location: Princeton University Library (PR).
65:10184 Gbényon, Kuakuvi.
Effects of age reporting errors on application of the Brass method
for estimating fertility in Africa. [Effets des erreurs
d'âge sur l'application de la méthode de Brass à
l'estimation de la fécondité en Afrique.] Population,
Vol. 53, No. 5, Sep-Oct 1998. 979-94 pp. Paris, France. In Eng.
"William Brass in the 1970s sought to overcome the defects of
African fertility data by developing the method of fertility estimation
which is named after him.... However, the persistence of many kinds of
errors, particularly those concerning the ages of individuals, even in
recent data, raises questions about the value of the method when
dealing with errors on age reporting. The simulations we have performed
suggest that such errors introduce bias into the results obtained with
the method. More specifically, the Brass P/F ratio method is found to
result almost always in an overestimation of the total fertility
rate."
Correspondence: K. Gbényon,
Université du Bénin, Faculté des Sciences
Economiques et Sciences de Gestion, B.P. 1515, Lomé, Togo.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:10185 Glewwe, Paul. School
quality, student achievement, and fertility in developing
countries. In: Critical perspectives on schooling and fertility in
the developing world, edited by Caroline H. Bledsoe et. al. 1999.
105-37 pp. National Academy Press: Washington, D.C. In Eng.
"This chapter examines the relationship between school quality
and fertility in developing countries.... The chapter first provides a
critical assessment of the literature on the determinants of school
quality in developing countries. It then examines the likely impact of
improved school quality on fertility. Particular attention is given to
the role played by cognitive skills, such as literacy and numeracy, and
on the need to address a host of statistical estimation problems and
data inadequacies that, regrettably, often receive insufficient
attention in the literature."
Correspondence: P.
Glewwe, World Bank, 1818 H Street NW, Washington, D.C. 20433.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:10186 India. Office of the Registrar
General (New Delhi, India). District level estimates of
fertility and child mortality for 1991 and their inter-relations with
other variables. Census of India Occasional Paper, No. 1 of 1997,
Oct 1997. v, 205 pp. New Delhi, India. In Eng.
This report
"provides district level estimates of fertility and child
mortality indicators [for India] based on the 1991 census data. These
estimates of fertility and child mortality at district level have also
been compared with those available from the 1981 census wherever
possible. An attempt has also been made in this report to identify
socio-economic indicators which significantly affect the level of
fertility." The results indicate that levels of fertility and
infant mortality both declined between 1981 and
1991.
Correspondence: Office of the Registrar General,
Controller of Publications, Delhi 110 054, India. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:10187 International Union for the
Scientific Study of Population [IUSSP] (Liège, Belgium);
Population Council (Islamabad, Pakistan); Rockefeller Foundation (New
York, New York); United Nations Population Fund [UNFPA] (New York, New
York). Seminar on comparative perspectives on fertility
transition in South Asia. Papers. Volume I. [1997?]. Liège,
Belgium. In Eng.
This volume includes the papers presented at a
conference organized by the IUSSP Committee on Fertility and Family
Planning, in cooperation with the Population Council, the Rockefeller
Foundation, and UNFPA, on comparative perspectives on the fertility
transition in South Asia. The conference was held in Rawalpindi and
Islamabad, Pakistan, December 17-19, 1996. In this volume, there are 32
papers, organized into seven sections: Fertility levels and trends;
Challenging conventional explanations for fertility transition in South
Asia; Gender roles as explanations for fertility transition; Role of
son preference in South Asia's fertility transition; Family planning
and contraceptive use; Policy issues in South Asia's fertility
transition; and Prospects for further fertility
decline.
Correspondence: International Union for the
Scientific Study of Population, 34 rue des Augustins, 4000
Liège, Belgium. E-mail: fdevpop1@vm1.ulg.ac.be. Location:
Population Council Library, New York, NY.
65:10188 Islam, M. Mazharul; Al Mamun,
Abdullah; Bairagi, Radeshayam. Fertility and its proximate
determinants in Bangladesh: evidence from the 1993/94 Demographic and
Health Survey. Asia-Pacific Population Journal, Vol. 13, No. 3,
Sep 1998. 3-22 pp. Bangkok, Thailand. In Eng.
"This study
examines the recent level, trends and proximate determinants of
fertility in Bangladesh, utilizing data from the 1993/94 Bangladesh
Demographic and Health Survey. The study shows...a dramatic fall in the
level of fertility.... It also shows that the contraceptive prevalence
rate reached a current CPR of 45 per cent in 1993/94, a dramatic
increase over the 7.7 per cent level in 1975. The analysis shows that
there is an appreciable rise in the proportion never married and a fall
in the proportion currently married at early ages among females,
indicating a rising trend in age at marriage."
This is a
revised version of a paper originally presented at the 1997 Annual
Meeting of the Population Association of
America.
Correspondence: M. M. Islam, University of Dhaka,
Department of Statistics, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh. E-mail:
duregstr@bangla.net. Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
65:10189 Islam, M. Mazharul; Yadava, R.
C. On the estimation of parity progression ratio.
Sankhya: Indian Journal of Statistics, Series B, Vol. 59, No. 2, Aug
1997. 200-8 pp. Calcutta, India. In Eng.
"Parity Progression
Ratio (PPR) is an important measure of fertility dynamics and family
building process. In this paper a method has been developed for
estimating the [PPR] from...birth interval data.... The application of
the method to an observed data set [for India] indicates that the
method may give [a] more precise estimate of the
[PPR]."
Correspondence: M. M. Islam, University of
Dhaka, Department of Statistics, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh. E-mail:
duregstr@bangla.net. Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
65:10190 Italy. Istituto Nazionale di
Statistica [ISTAT] (Rome, Italy). Fertility in the regions
of Italy: analysis by cohorts, 1952-1993. [La fecondità
nelle regioni italiane: analisi per coorti, anni 1952-1993.]
Informazioni, No. 35, ISBN 88-458-0021-0. 1997. 449 pp. Rome, Italy. In
Ita.
This volume presents regional fertility rates for Italy for
the period 1952-1993 according to age and birth order; it also provides
statistics on the fertility decline of women born between 1920 and
1963.
Correspondence: Istituto Nazionale di Statistica, Via
Cesare Balbo 16, 00184 Rome, Italy. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
65:10191 Kamuzora, C. Lwechungura.
A framework for understanding the relationship between women's
status and high fertility in peasant economies in Africa.
Tanzanian Journal of Population Studies and Development, Vol. 1, No. 1,
1994. 59-72 pp. Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. In Eng.
"A basis for
the development of a realistic conceptual framework for understanding
fertility behaviour [is] needed not only for Africa but for the whole
world.... It is...important to focus on `women's life circumstances'
rather than just approach the issue in the parochial mainstream of the
`status of women'. In this paper it will be seen that a proper
understanding and identification of the relevant factors of African
childbearing is rooted in the mode of acquisition of material means of
livelihood, and also in its history and evolution, where change in the
status of women is a part of the process."
Correspondence:
C. L. Kamuzora, University of Dar es Salaam, Statistics
Department, Demographic Training Unit, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.
Location: Michigan State University Library, East Lansing, MI.
65:10192 Krause, Martina. Mexico:
heterogeneity and population trends. [Mexiko, Heterogenität
und Bevölkerungsentwicklung.] Europäische Hochschulschriften.
Reihe 22, Soziologie, Vol. 290, ISBN 3-631-30627-X. 1996. 316 pp. Peter
Lang: Frankfurt am Main, Germany. In Ger.
This study explores the
relationship between demographic and socioeconomic development in
Mexico, focusing especially on social and regional fertility
differences. After an introductory section presenting and critiquing
the theory of demographic transition, the author undertakes a
historical analysis of the socioeconomic development of Mexico from the
end of the nineteenth century to the present; she emphasizes the
structural heterogeneity in the economic and social spheres.
Demographic developments are then charted from the end of the
nineteenth century to the present. A case study of Oaxaca and Sonora is
included, demonstrating starkly contrasting fertility
trends.
Correspondence: Peter Lang, Eschborner
Landstraße 42-50, Postfach 940225, 60460 Frankfurt am Main,
Germany. Location: U.S. Library of Congress, Washington, D.C.
65:10193 Lam, David; Duryea, Suzanne.
Effects of schooling on fertility, labor supply, and investments in
children, with evidence from Brazil. Journal of Human Resources,
Vol. 34, No. 1, Winter 1999. 160-92 pp. Madison, Wisconsin. In Eng.
"We explore the mechanisms driving the negative relationship
between parents' schooling and fertility. Brazilian data demonstrate
strong negative effects of women's schooling on fertility over the
first eight years of schooling. We observe no increase in women's labor
supply, however, in spite of rapidly rising wages, suggesting that
reservation wages rise as fast as market wages over this range. We find
strong effects of parental schooling on children's schooling and
survival. We conclude that the effects of early years of schooling on
fertility work primarily through increased investments in child
quality, with only a minor role played by rising women's wages."
Data are from the 1984 version of the Pesquisa Nacional de Amostra de
Domicilios and concern more than 100,000 women aged
15-55.
Correspondence: D. Lam, University of Michigan,
Department of Economics, Ann Arbor, MI 48109. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPIA).
65:10194 Lesthaeghe, R. Is low
fertility only a temporary phenomenon in the EU? IPD Working
Paper, No. 1999-1, [1999]. 14 pp. Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Interface
Demography: Brussels, Belgium. In Eng.
"In this paper we shall
explore to what...extent recent and future childbearing postponement
[in the European Union] would result in depressing total period
rates.... Furthermore, we shall explore various explanatory fertility
theories to look for further clues about the possibility of trend
reversals in fertility."
Correspondence: Vrije
Universiteit Brussel, Interface Demography, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels,
Belgium. E-mail: esvbalck@vub.ac.be. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
65:10195 Locoh,
Thérèse. Fertility trends in Africa.
[L'évolution de la fécondité en Afrique.] Afrique
Contemporaine, No. 185, Jan-Mar 1998. 79-83 pp. Paris, France. In Fre.
This is a general summary of current African fertility trends. The
author notes that, even though Africa lags behind in the demographic
transition, there are signs that fertility is now starting to fall,
particularly in northern and southern Africa. The difference between
fertility in rural and urban areas is noted. The impact of changes in
marriage patterns and of family planning on fertility is
discussed.
Correspondence: T. Locoh, Institut National
d'Etudes Démographiques, 133 boulevard Davout, 75980 Paris Cedex
20, France. E-mail: ined@ined.fr. Location: Princeton
University Library (PR).
65:10196 Mace, Ruth. The
coevolution of human fertility and wealth inheritance strategies.
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, B, Vol. 353,
No. 1367, Mar 29, 1998. 389-97 pp. London, England. In Eng.
"In this paper I use a stochastic dynamic model to analyse
which combinations of fertility and wealth inheritance strategies
maximize the expected number of grandchildren." The model, which
is "based on a traditional African pastoralist system...is used to
show that, in the unpredictable environment of a traditional
pastoralist society, high fertility and a biasing of wealth inheritance
to a small number of children are frequently optimal.... The effects on
fertility and wealth inheritance strategies of reducing mortality
risks, reducing the unpredictability of the environment and increasing
the costs of raising children are
explored."
Correspondence: R. Mace, University College
London, Department of Anthropology, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT,
England. E-mail: r.mace@ucl.ac.uk. Location: Princeton
University Library (SZ).
65:10197 Manna, Mausumi. Factors
affecting fertility decline and fertility variation in 1990s: an
inter-state analysis. Economic and Political Weekly, Vol. 33, No.
51, Dec 19-25, 1998. 3,280-4 pp. Mumbai, India. In Eng.
This is an
analysis of the factors affecting fertility decline in India using data
from the National Family Health Survey for 1992-1993 and other sources.
The aim is to identify the causes of differences in the rate of
fertility decline among the states by performing an inter-state
comparison of the major variables affecting fertility. The results show
a high degree of correlation between wanted fertility and actual
fertility, as well as a high degree of association between fertility
and female education and maternal and child health.
Location:
Princeton University Library (PF).
65:10198 Namboodiri, Krishnan; Wei,
Luying. Fertility theories and their implications
regarding how low can low fertility be. Genus, Vol. 54, No. 1-2,
Jan-Jun 1998. 37-55 pp. Rome, Italy. In Eng. with sum. in Ita; Fre.
"This paper examines a number of fertility theories and
conceptual frameworks focusing on what they have to say implicitly or
explicitly about how low can low fertility be. The theories examined
fall into two categories, according to the light they shed on the
question whether there is a floor for aggregate fertility level below
which societies are unlikely to remain for any appreciable length of
time.... Micro-level theories are examined first followed by
macro-level theories."
Correspondence: K, Namboodiri,
Ohio State University, Department of Sociology, 300 Bricker Hall, 190
North Oval Mall, Columbus, OH 43210-1353. E-mail:
kkn@ohstsoca.sbs.ohio-state.edu. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
65:10199 Narasimhan, R. L.; Retherford, Robert
D.; Mishra, Vinod; Arnold, Fred; Roy, T. K. Measuring the
speed of India's fertility decline. National Family Health Survey
Bulletin, No. 6, Jul 1997. 4 pp. International Institute for Population
Sciences [IIPS]: Mumbai, India; East-West Center, Program on Population
[POP]: Honolulu, Hawaii. In Eng.
"This issue...compares
fertility trends [in India] for the 15-year period 1978 to 1992, as
estimated from the SRS [Sample Registration System] and the NFHS
[National Family Health Survey]. The analysis indicates that fertility
since the late 1970s has fallen faster than indicated by the SRS but
more slowly than indicated by the NFHS. Current fertility is probably
somewhat higher than indicated by either
source."
Correspondence: International Institute for
Population Sciences, Govandi Station Road, Deonar, Mumbai 400 088,
India. E-mail: iips.nfhs@axcess.net.in. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
65:10200 National Research Council. Committee
on Population (Washington, D.C.). Workshop on Social
Processes Underlying Fertility Change in Developing Countries.
[1998]. xi, [500] pp. Washington, D.C. In Eng.
These are the
proceedings of the Workshop on Social Processes Underlying Fertility
Change in Developing Countries, which was held in Washington, D.C., in
January 1998. Papers are as follows: Potatoes and pills: an overview of
innovation-diffusion contributions to explanations of fertility
decline, by John Cleland; Diffusion in sociological analysis: how
useful is it for the study of fertility and mortality?, by Alberto
Palloni; Culture and communication: anthropological perspectives on
diffusion and social processes, by Anthony T. Carter; Social
interactions and fertility transitions, by Steven N. Durlauf and James
R. Walker; Learning and using new ideas: a socio-cognitive perspective,
by Kathleen M. Carley; Diffusion through social networks, by Peter V.
Marsden; Mass media and fertility change, by Robert Hornik and Emile
McAnany; Village networks and patterns of contraceptive choice, by
Barbara Entwisle and Jenny Godley; The spread of television and
fertility decline in Brazil: a spatial-temporal analysis, by Joseph E.
Potter, Renato M. Assuncao, Suzana M. Cavenaghi, and Andre J. Caetano;
Diffusion of ideas about personal hygiene and contamination in poor
countries: evidence from Guatemala, by Noreen Goldman, Anne R. Pebley,
and Megan Beckett; Empirical research on diffusion of innovations:
recent developments and new directions, by Thomas W. Valente; From
mercantilists to neo-Malthusians: the international population movement
and the transformation of population ideology in Kenya, by Susan C.
Watkins and Dennis Hodgson; Ready, willing, and able: a
conceptualization of transitions to new behavioral forms, by Ron
Lesthaeghe and Camille Vanderhoeft; and Diffusion theories and
population policy, by Karen O. Mason and Steven W.
Sinding.
Correspondence: National Research Council,
Committee on Population, 2101 Constitution Avenue NW, Washington, D.C.
20418. Location: Population Council Library, New York, NY.
65:10201 Nirmala, V.; Bhat, K. Sham.
A macro analysis of the proximate determinants of fertility in
India. Journal of Family Welfare, Vol. 44, No. 1, Mar 1998. 9-19
pp. Mumbai, India. In Eng.
"This paper attempts to understand
the important proximate determinants of fertility in India using the
NFHS [National Family Health Survey] data collected from 25 states....
Age wise data showed the fertility rate to be the highest during the
most fertile period of the female life span (the 20s).... By residence,
rural fertility rate was higher than urban, owing to lower literacy and
higher poverty. An inverse relationship was found between fertility and
the educational level of the women.... Religion wise, it was highest
among Muslim, followed by Hindu, and the lowest among Sikh
women."
Correspondence: V. Nirmala, Pondicherry
University, Department of Economics, Pondicherry 605 014, India.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:10202 Omari, C. K. Women on
fertility: a development issue. Tanzanian Journal of Population
Studies and Development, Vol. 1, No. 1, 1994. 42-58 pp. Dar es Salaam,
Tanzania. In Eng.
"The thrust of this paper is that, although
fertility is a result of biological process and interaction among men
and women, high fertility rates among women found in Tanzania [are] a
result of socio-cultural process.... The paper requires us to
critically look at the contributing factors (proximate) to high
fertility rates in Tanzania, before we make some concluding remarks on
how this is a developmental issue, especially as related to women's
development. The paper, therefore, is a gender centred
analysis."
Correspondence: C. K. Omari, University of
Dar es Salaam, Sociology Department, Demographic Training Unit, Dar es
Salaam, Tanzania. Location: Michigan State University Library,
East Lansing, MI.
65:10203 Parr, Nicholas J.
Changes in the factors affecting fertility in Ghana during the
early stages of the fertility decline. Genus, Vol. 54, No. 1-2,
Jan-Jun 1998. 77-86 pp. Rome, Italy. In Eng. with sum. in Ita; Fre.
"This study uses data from the 1988 and the 1993 Ghana
Demographic and Health Surveys to analyse the changing importance both
of the proximate determinants of fertility and of demographic,
socio-economic, cultural, and local factors affecting fertility in
[Ghana]. The rising level of contraceptive use is found to be the main
proximate cause of the decline in fertility. A woman's age, education,
religion, place of residence and child mortality experience are found
to be important factors affecting fertility
indirectly."
Correspondence: N. J. Parr, Macquarie
University, School of Economic and Financial Studies, Demographic
Research Group, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia. E-mail:nparr@efs.mq.ed.au.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:10204 Radzikowska, Barbara.
Fertility in Poland in the context of demographic transition
theory. Modeling and forecasting. [Plodnosc w Polsce w kontekscie
teorii przejscia demograficznego. Modelowanie i prognozowanie.]
Monografie i Opracowania, No. 114, ISBN 83-7011-203-X. 1995. 141 pp.
Akademia Ekonomiczna imienia Oskara Langego: Wroclaw, Poland. In Pol.
with sum. in Eng.
This is an analysis of changes in fertility and
in age-specific fertility in Poland in the context of the demographic
transition. In the first chapter the author examines the concept of
demographic transition and compares the Polish experience with events
in selected European countries. In the second chapter, age-specific
fertility trends in Poland are analyzed using various standard
fertility models, including those developed by Coale and Trussell, and
Brass. Chapter 3 focuses on the biological, social, and economic
determinants of fertility. The fourth and final chapter makes some
forecasts of future trends in age-specific
fertility.
Correspondence: Wydawnictwo Akademii
Ekonomicznej imienia Oskara Langego, ul. Komandorska 118/120, 53-345
Wroclaw, Poland. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:10205 Rajan, S. Irudaya; Zachariah, K.
C. Long-term implications of low fertility in Kerala,
India. Asia-Pacific Population Journal, Vol. 13, No. 3, Sep 1998.
41-66 pp. Bangkok, Thailand. In Eng.
"The State of Kerala is
about two decades ahead of India as a whole in achieving the
replacement level of fertility.... Its demographic trends in the first
half of the twenty-first century will [therefore] be dramatically
different from those of the second half of the twentieth century. This
article provides a basis for policy makers to use in preparing for
those changes, which include population ageing in the face of
inadequate social security systems, impacts on young people, education
and employment, and migration."
Correspondence: S. I.
Rajan, Centre for Development Studies, Trivandrum, Kerala, India.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:10206 Rees, Philip. The second
demographic transition: what does it mean for the future of Europe's
population? School of Geography Working Paper, No. 96/19, Aug
1996. 15 pp. University of Leeds, School of Geography: Leeds, England.
In Eng.
"In this paper I want to raise an issue which is
likely to have profound effects in the next century on the direction of
population change in Europe. The issue is the continuance of low birth
rates in most European countries. What is the situation in the 1990s
and how is fertility likely to develop? What are the consequences of
such levels continuing and what, if anything, should societies do about
it?"
Correspondence: University of Leeds, School of
Geography, Leeds LS2 9JT, England. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
65:10207 Rogers, Randall. The
role of economics and culture in determining fertility rates in
Kenya. Great Plains Sociologist, Vol. 10, No. 2, Spring 1998.
37-49 pp. Brookings, South Dakota. In Eng.
"The role of both
economic and cultural factors are investigated for their impact on
fertility rates in Kenya. Economic factors tend to favor rational
control of fertility while cultural factors favor uncontrolled
fertility. Both demand and supply side reasons are presented to show
that fertility decision making is becoming based more on economics and
rationality than on tradition. Policy implications are
investigated."
Correspondence: R. Rogers, South Dakota
State University, College of Agriculture and Biological Sciences, Rural
Sociology Department, Brookings, SD 57007. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
65:10208 Rowland, Donald T. The
prevalence of childlessness in cohorts of older women.
Australasian Journal on Ageing, Vol. 17, No. 1, Feb 1998. 18-23 pp.
Melbourne, Australia. In Eng.
The author aims to "define the
immediate causes of childlessness and provide estimates of the
percentages of women--in the past and present aged population of
Australia--who remained voluntarily or involuntarily childless.... The
proportion of women childless has ranged between 9 and 32 per cent in
cohorts born since the 1850s. Married childlessness was predominant
among cohorts born between the 1890s and the 1920s, owing to the
effects on family building of the two World Wars and the Great
Depression."
Correspondence: D. T. Rowland, Australian
National University, Faculty of Arts, Department of Sociology,
Population Studies Program, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia. E-mail:
Donald.Rowland@anu.edu.au. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
65:10209 Sánchez, Jesús
J. Mortality and the fertility transition in rural Navarre
(Spain). Genus, Vol. 54, No. 1-2, Jan-Jun 1998. 57-75 pp. Rome,
Italy. In Eng. with sum. in Ita; Fre.
"In this article we will
concentrate on the analysis and study of marital reproduction, in other
words, we analyze fertility by `isolating' it from the effects of
definite celibacy. We want to know when and why the women of Navarre
[Spain] began to have a smaller average number of children.... On the
basis of the analyses performed, we were able to verify that between
1850 and 1970, 94% of the total variation in levels of marital
reproduction was accounted for by variations in levels of survival from
birth until the age of 15."
Correspondence: J. J.
Sánchez, Universidad Pública de Navarra, Campus de
Arrosadía s.n., 31006 Pamplona, Spain. E-mail:
jesus.sbarricarte@unpa.es. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
65:10210 Sathar, Zeba A.; Casterline, John
B. The onset of fertility transition in Pakistan.
Population Council Policy Research Division Working Paper, No. 112,
1998. 39 pp. Population Council, Policy Research Division: New York,
New York. In Eng.
"In this paper we present empirical evidence
from multiple and independent studies carried out in the past eight
years demonstrating that marital fertility decline has finally begun in
Pakistan. The decline is gentle but nevertheless represents a genuine
break from the past, most notably because of the increasing use of
modern contraception for the purpose of limiting family size. The
slight declines in overall fertility prior to 1990 were due almost
entirely to increases in age at first
marriage...."
Correspondence: Population Council, One
Dag Hammarskjold Plaza, New York, NY 10017. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:10211 Schoen, Robert; Kim, Young
J. Momentum under a gradual approach to zero growth.
Population Studies, Vol. 52, No. 3, Nov 1998. 295-9 pp. London,
England. In Eng.
"A population's growth potential is
significantly underestimated by conventional calculations of population
momentum which assume an immediate drop to replacement level fertility.
Here we assume that the growth rate of births linearly declines to zero
over a specified time interval, and find simple and intuitively
meaningful expressions for the size of the ultimate birth cohort and
the resultant population momentum. In particular, we find that the
increase in the number of births over the transition is equal to growth
at the initial rate for half the time needed to attain a constant birth
level."
Correspondence: R. Schoen, Johns Hopkins
University, Department of Population Dynamics, 615 North Wolfe Street,
Room 2300, Baltimore, MD 21205-2179. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
65:10212 Stloukal, Libor. An APC
analysis of demographic responses to population policy measures: the
case of the Czech and Slovak republics, 1960-1990. Genus, Vol. 54,
No. 1-2, Jan-Jun 1998. 87-121 pp. Rome, Italy. In Eng. with sum. in
Fre; Ita.
"The age-period-cohort framework is applied to
analyse Czech and Slovak fertility and abortion rates.... Behavioural
responses to changes in abortion law implemented in 1957 and 1986 are
examined in more detail. The results indicate that lack of awareness of
age, period, and cohort dimensions of fertility and abortion can
distort one's interpretation of observed time-trends, and lead to
erroneous conclusions about effects of changing abortion policies on
demographic behaviour."
Correspondence: L. Stloukal,
University of Exeter, Institute of Population Studies, Hooper House,
101 Pennsylvania Road, Exeter EX4 6DT, England. E-mail:
ips.director@exeter.ac.uk. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
65:10213 Swar-Eldahab, Amna M.
Contraceptive use and fertility of women in urban Sudan. Ahfad
Journal, Vol. 13, No. 2, Dec 1996. 12-30 pp. Omdurman, Sudan. In Eng.
with sum. in Ara.
"This article provides evidence from within
the urban areas of the Sudan to undermine the generally hypothesized
negative relationship between contraceptive and reproductive behaviour.
In the absence of effective use of [contraceptives, the] fertility
level can be high despite the high rate of contraceptive
prevalence." Data are from a 1991 contraceptive survey conducted
in Khartoum.
Correspondence: A. M. Swar-Eldahab, University
of Liverpool, Department of Geography, Liverpool L69 3BX, England.
Location: Princeton University Library (PR).
65:10214 Thomas, Duncan.
Fertility, education, and resources in South Africa. In:
Critical perspectives on schooling and fertility in the developing
world, edited by Caroline H. Bledsoe et. al. 1999. 138-80 pp. National
Academy Press: Washington, D.C. In Eng.
"Using recently
collected household survey data, this chapter examines an important
consideration in the design of [population policy in South Africa]: the
relationship between fertility and resources, with a focus on the role
played by maternal education.... [It] examines three potential
mechanisms in an attempt to provide insight into what underlies the
observed association between education and fertility among South
African blacks." Aspects considered include the relationship
between fertility and education; the influence of household resources
on demographic outcomes; and the role of other measures of human
capital.
Correspondence: D. Thomas, RAND, 1700 Main Street,
Santa Monica, CA 90407-2138. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
65:10215 Ventura, Stephanie J.; Anderson,
Robert N.; Martin, Joyce A.; Smith, Betty L. Births and
deaths: preliminary data for 1997. NCHS National Vital Statistics
Reports, Vol. 47, No. 4, Pub. Order No. DHHS (PHS) 99-1120. Oct 7,
1998. 44 pp. U.S. National Center for Health Statistics [NCHS]:
Hyattsville, Maryland. In Eng.
"This report presents
preliminary data on births and deaths in the United States from the
National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) for 1997. U.S. data on
births are shown by age, race, and Hispanic origin of mother. National
and State data on marital status, prenatal care, cesarean delivery, and
low birthweight are also presented. Mortality data presented include
life expectancy, leading causes of death, and infant
mortality."
Correspondence: U.S. National Center for
Health Statistics, 6525 Belcrest Road, Hyattsville, MD 20782. E-mail:
nchsquery@cdc.gov. Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
65:10216 Vlaardingerbroek, Barend.
Fertility transition and education in Goroka, Eastern Highlands
Province, Papua New Guinea. Science in New Guinea, Vol. 22, No. 3,
1997. 115-20 pp. University, Papua New Guinea. In Eng.
"This
paper presents data on fertility and some of its concomitants--marriage
patterns, infant mortality and child fostering rates--in relation to
educational attainment for a Papua New Guinea Highlands town. Trends in
women's fertility are discussed with reference to both women's and
husbands' educational attainment. The data are generally consistent
with the Fertility Deficit Model of early fertility transition.
Increasing educational attainment levels of both women and their
spouses appear to be fertility primers, probably via increased income
generation."
Correspondence: B. Vlaardingerbroek,
University of Papua New Guinea, Goroka Campus, P.O. Box 1078, Goroka,
Papua New Guinea. Location: Cornell University Library,
Ithaca, NY.
65:10217 Wiley, Andrea S. The
ecology of low natural fertility in Ladakh. Journal of Biosocial
Science, Vol. 30, No. 4, Oct 1998. 457-80 pp. Cambridge, England. In
Eng.
"This report presents an analysis of 1981 Indian census
data that documents low natural fertility in Ladakh, a high-altitude
region of the Himalaya in north India.... Hypotheses to explain very
low fertility in Ladakh are considered from among the likely proximate
determinants and evaluated using two supplementary sources of
information derived from fieldwork in Ladakh in the early 1990s. The
most likely explanations for low marital fertility include sterility
from STDs [sexually transmitted diseases], high rates of fetal loss,
and possibly nutritional constraints on ovarian hormone
status."
Correspondence: A. S. Wiley, State University
of New York, Department of Anthropology, Binghamton, NY 13902-6000.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:10218 Zhang, Jie; Casagrande,
Richard. Fertility, growth, and flat-rate taxation for
education subsidies. Economics Letters, Vol. 60, No. 2, Aug 1998.
209-16 pp. Amsterdam, Netherlands. In Eng.
"In this paper we
show that an increase in the ratio of educational subsidies to income
financed by flat-rate consumption and income taxes enhances economic
growth, and has no net effect on fertility with logarithmic
preferences. Using data from 69 countries, a cross-section analysis
indicates that these theoretical results are consistent with empirical
evidence."
Correspondence: J. Zhang, Victoria
University of Wellington, School of Economics and Finance, P.O. Box
600, Wellington, New Zealand. E-mail: jie.zhang@vuw.ac.nz.
Location: Princeton University Library (PF).
65:10219 Zhang, Jie. Fertility,
growth, and public investments in children. Canadian Journal of
Economics/Revue Canadienne d'Economique, Vol. 30, No. 4A, Nov 1997.
835-43 pp. Downsview, Canada. In Eng. with sum. in Fre.
"In
this paper it is shown how subsidies for education and for the number
of children affect economic growth, fertility, and welfare in an
endogenous growth model with altruistic agents. Subsidizing education
has not only a direct positive effect on growth but also an indirect
positive effect on growth through reducing fertility. After some finite
periods, future generations will gain in welfare in the
education-subsidy regime. In contrast, subsidizing the number of
children increases fertility, depresses growth and reduces all
generations' welfare."
Correspondence: J. Zhang,
Victoria University of Wellington, P.O. Box 600, Wellington, New
Zealand. E-mail: Jie.Zhang@vuw.ac.nz. Location: Princeton
University Library (PF).
Studies on differences in fertility patterns and levels in subgroups of a population. Also included are studies on age-specific fertility, such as teenage pregnancy.
65:10220 Bereczkei, Tamas.
Kinship network, direct childcare, and fertility among Hungarians
and Gypsies. Evolution and Human Behavior, Vol. 19, No. 5, Sep
1998. 283-98 pp. New York, New York. In Eng.
"This study is
based on fieldwork that was conducted in a Gypsy and a Hungarian
non-Gypsy population. The main goal of our study was to examine the
primary factors having the largest impact on Gypsy fertility. Contrary
to widespread views--based mainly on anecdotal evidence--level of
education, occupational status, or use of contraceptive pills do not
seem to have a profound influence on the number of births. In fact, the
evidence suggests that the extensiveness of kinship networks and the
degree of the relatives' assistance with childcare are most strongly
predictive of fertility in the Gypsy
population."
Correspondence: T. Bereczkei, Pécs
University Medical School, Institute of Behavioral Science, Szigeti
u.12, Pécs, Hungary. Location: Princeton University
Library (SZ).
65:10221 Delaunay, Daniel.
Migrant women and reproduction of Mexicans in the United
States. [Femmes migrants et reproduction des Mexicains aux
Etats-Unis.] Cahiers des Amériques Latines, No. 22, 1997. 145-79
pp. Paris, France. In Fre. with sum. in Eng; Spa.
The author uses
data from the 1990 U.S. census and on border crossings for the years
1993 and 1994 to assess the level of female migration from Mexico to
the United States. Particular attention is given to the fertility of
female Mexican immigrants. The author concludes that the key role that
women play as the center and focus of the Mexican family means that the
demographic impact of such migration is far greater than the numbers
involved would suggest.
Correspondence: D. Delaunay,
Institut Français de Recherche Scientifique pour le
Développement en Coopération, COLEF, 213 rue Lafayette,
75480 Paris Cedex 10, France. Location: Rutgers University
Library, New Brunswick, NJ.
65:10222 Dodoo, F. Nii-Amoo.
Explaining contraceptive use differences: do men play a role?
African Population Studies/Etude de la Population Africaine, No. 10,
Nov 1995. 15-37 pp. Dakar, Senegal. In Eng. with sum. in Fre.
"Data from the Kenya and Ghana Demographic and Health Surveys
(DHS) are used to assess the observed differences in modern
contraceptive use between the two countries. The findings indicate that
although female fertility preferences and education remain important,
differences in male fertility goals also appear to be a crucial
determinant of the contraceptive gap between Kenya and Ghana. Some
implications of these findings are
discussed."
Correspondence: F. N.-A. Dodoo, Vanderbilt
University, Department of Sociology, Nashville, TN 37235. E-mail:
dodoof@ctrvax.vanderbilt.edu. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
65:10223 Donovan, Patricia.
Falling teen pregnancy, birthrates: what's behind the
declines? Guttmacher Report on Public Policy, Vol. 1, No. 5, Oct
1998. 6-9 pp. Washington, D.C. In Eng.
"Nearly one million
U.S. teenagers become pregnant each year and about 500,000 give birth.
For more than two decades, these figures have helped to define one of
the country's major social problems. But now, after years of steady
increases, teenage birthrates are down and pregnancy rates have fallen
to their lowest level in 20 years; teenage sexual activity is also
declining. These trends raise two important questions: Why have the
rates gone down, and how can these trends be
sustained?"
Correspondence: P. Donovan, Alan
Guttmacher Institute, 120 Wall Street, New York, NY 10005.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:10224 Hoffman, Saul D. Teenage
childbearing is not so bad after all...or is it? A review of the new
literature. Family Planning Perspectives, Vol. 30, No. 5, Sep-Oct
1998. 236-9, 243 pp. New York, New York. In Eng.
"What are the
socioeconomic effects of teenage childbearing for women and their
families?... [Recent] research...has challenged the conventional view,
arguing...that the problem of teenage childbearing has been
exaggerated, perhaps substantially.... I review this new literature and
appraise it critically, to assess whether the recent research
persuasively makes the case that the effects of teenage childbearing
are benign or even positive."
Correspondence: S. D.
Hoffman, University of Delaware, Department of Economics, Newark, DE
19716. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:10225 Hotz, V. Joseph; Mullin, Charles H.;
Sanders, Seth G. Bounding causal effects using data from a
contaminated natural experiment: analysing the effects of teenage
childbearing. Review of Economic Studies, Vol. 64, No. 4, Oct
1997. 575-603 pp. Oxford, England. In Eng.
"In this paper, we
consider what can be learned about causal effects when one uses a
contaminated instrumental variable. In particular, we consider what
inferences can be made about the causal effect of [U.S.] teenage
childbearing on a teen mother's subsequent outcomes when we use the
natural experiment of miscarriages to form an instrumental variable for
teen births.... [We examine] the effects of early childbearing on the
teen mother's subsequent educational and labour market attainment....
[We find] that women who have births as teens have higher labour market
earnings and hours worked compared to what they would have attained if
their childbearing had been delayed."
Correspondence:
V. J. Hotz, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90024.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPIA).
65:10226 Kasmiyati; Kantner, Andrew.
Regional patterns of fertility in Indonesia: evidence from 1991 and
1994 Indonesia Demographic and Health Surveys. East-West Center
Working Papers, Population Series, No. 99, Jan 1998. i, 28, 54 pp.
East-West Center: Honolulu, Hawaii. In Eng.
"At the regional
level [in Indonesia], fertility and contraceptive use do not appear to
be highly correlated. Provinces with lower fertility rates, such as
Jakarta and East Java, do not always have higher levels of
contraceptive use. This paper provides an assessment of regional
fertility patterns by means of a synthetic cohort analysis of fertility
using data from the 1991 and 1994 IDHS [Indonesia Demographic and
Health Survey]. Results show that unexpectedly low levels of fertility
are associated with a relatively high proportion of women never married
and high levels of infecundity. In a few provinces, actual fertility
levels may also be underreported. Results also show that many women
have an unmet need for family planning, particularly for limiting
births. In fact, unmet need actually rose slightly between 1991 and
1994.... A large proportion of women, at all levels of education, plan
to space their children more closely than recommended, increasing their
own and their children's health risks."
Correspondence:
East-West Center, Publication Sales Office, 1777 East-West Road,
Honolulu, HI 96848. Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
65:10227 Steele, Fiona; Amin, Sajeda; Naved,
Ruchira T. The impact of an integrated micro-credit
program on women's empowerment and fertility behavior in rural
Bangladesh. Population Council Policy Research Division Working
Paper, No. 115, 1998. 39 pp. Population Council, Policy Research
Division: New York, New York. In Eng.
"This paper examines the
impact of participation in women's savings and credit groups organized
by Save the Children USA on women's empowerment, contraceptive use, and
fertility in a rural area of Bangladesh. The data are drawn from a
panel survey conducted in 1993, shortly before the groups were formed,
and in 1995 after interventions began. This quasi-experimental design
enables us to identify the characteristics of women who chose to join
savings groups. The findings show that those who joined tend to be more
educated and more socially independent than are women who did not.
Thus, to control for selection bias, preintervention measures of
empowerment are taken into consideration in the analyses of the impact
of savings groups on 1995 levels of empowerment and fertility behavior.
The analysis shows positive impacts of the credit program on
aspirations with regard to children's education, age at marriage, and
use of modern contraceptives."
Correspondence:
Population Council, One Dag Hammarskjold Plaza, New York, NY
10017. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:10228 Takenaka, Katsuyuki.
Regional differences in fertility in Spain. Geographical
Review of Japan, Series A, Vol. 70, No. 7, 1997. 433-48 pp. Tokyo,
Japan. In Jpn. with sum. in Eng.
"In this paper, the regional
differences in fertility in Spain are analyzed statistically in
relation to the level of urbanization and the socioeconomic composition
of the population, with special attention to the baby-boom period
around the 1960s.... The results of this analysis suggest that,
although urbanization has some degree of influence on...fertility,
regional differences in fertility in Spain are difficult to explain
exclusively by the level of urbanization and the socioeconomic
composition of the population."
Correspondence: K.
Takenaka, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113,
Japan. Location: University of Minnesota Library, Minneapolis,
MN.
Studies on infertility, as well as studies of spontaneous abortion, prematurity, and other relevant pathologies of pregnancy.
65:10229 Colborn, Theo; Dumanoski, Dianne;
Myers, John P. Our stolen future: are we threatening our
fertility, intelligence, and survival?--a scientific detective
story. ISBN 0-525-93982-2. LC 95-30015. 1996. xii, 306 pp. Dutton:
New York, NY. In Eng.
This work reviews the large and growing body
of scientific evidence linking synthetic chemicals to aberrant sexual
development and behavioral and reproductive problems. It includes a
chapter on the impact of such chemicals on human
fertility.
Correspondence: Dutton, Penguin Group USA, 375
Hudson Street, New York, NY 10014. Location: Princeton
University Library (FST).
65:10230 Frisch, Rose E. Body
weight, body fat and ovulation: relation to the natural fertility of
populations. In: Science with a human face: in honor of Roger
Randall Revelle, edited by Robert Dorfman and Peter P. Rogers. Jul
1997. 139-66 pp. Harvard University, School of Public Health: Boston,
Massachusetts. In Eng.
The author discusses her research, and past
collaboration with Roger Revelle, concerning the relationship between
body fat and infertility in women. Aspects covered include relative
fatness as a determinant of minimal weights for menstrual cycles; the
impact of physical exercise; nutrition, physical work, and natural
fertility; the effects of nutrition and exercise on male reproduction
function; and the paradox of rapid population growth in undernourished
populations.
Correspondence: R. E. Frisch, Harvard
University, Department of Population and International Health,
Cambridge, MA 02138. Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
65:10231 Swan, Shanna H.; Elkin, Eric P.;
Fenster, Laura. Have sperm densities declined? A
reanalysis of global trend data. Environmental Health
Perspectives, Vol. 105, No. 11, Nov 1997. 1,228-32 pp. Research
Triangle Park, North Carolina. In Eng.
"In 1992 a worldwide
decline in sperm density was reported.... Because of the public health
importance of this finding, a detailed reanalysis of data from 61
studies was warranted to resolve these issues. Multiple linear
regression models...were used to examine regional differences and the
interaction between region (United States, Europe, and non-Western
countries) and year. Nonlinear models and residual confounding were
also examined in these data.... Further analysis of these studies
supports [the report of] a significant decline in sperm density in the
United States and Europe. Confounding and selection bias are unlikely
to account for these results. However, some intraregional differences
were as large as mean decline in sperm density between 1938 and 1990,
and recent reports from Europe and the United States further support
large interarea differences in sperm
density."
Correspondence: S. H. Swan, California
Department of Health Services, Environmental Health Investigations
Branch, Reproductive Epidemiological Section, 5900 Hollis Street, Suite
E, Emeryville, CA 94608. Location: Princeton University
Library (SZ).
Studies concerning activities, including family planning programs, that are primarily designed to influence fertility.
General aspects of fertility control, primarily those concerned with family planning and family planning programs.
65:10232 Adu-Sarkodie, Yaw; Steiner, Markus
J.; Attafuah, John D. Contraceptive use at an STD clinic
in Kumasi, Ghana. African Journal of Reproductive Health/Revue
Africaine de la Santé Reproductive, Vol. 2, No. 2, Oct 1998.
57-65 pp. Benin City, Nigeria. In Eng. with sum. in Fre.
"We
interviewed 298 consecutive clients attending a sexually transmitted
diseases (STD) clinic in Kumasi, Ghana to assess their contraceptive
practices and willingness to accept male condoms. Almost a quarter of
females (22%) and 14 percent of males were diagnosed HIV positive.
Condom use among females was low with almost three-fourths (72%)
reporting never having used condoms in the past three months. Half the
males (47%) said they used condoms all or most of the time. The most
common reason for nonuse was desired pregnancy (females 31%; males
20%). Almost all the clients currently using condoms (females 100%;
males 89%) said they never had problems obtaining
condoms."
Correspondence: M. J. Steiner, Family Health
International, P.O. Box 13950, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:10233 Agadjanian, Victor.
Women's choice between indigenous and Western contraception in
urban Mozambique. Women and Health, Vol. 28, No. 2, 1998. 1-17 pp.
Binghamton, New York. In Eng.
"Based on qualitative data
collected in Greater Maputo, Mozambique, in 1993, this study explores
and analyzes women's choice between western [contraceptive]
methods--mainly oral contraceptives, intra-uterine devices and
injectables--available from state-run family planning clinics, and
indigenous contraception, a combination of herbal and magical medicine,
provided by traditional healers. The study demonstrates that women's
choice between the two types of methods is determined by their
socio-demographic characteristics and cultural background, access to
these methods, perceptions of the effectiveness and undesirable
side-effects of these methods, and by restrictions imposed by the
providers."
Correspondence: V. Agadjanian, Arizona
State University, Department of Sociology, Tempe, AZ 85287-2101.
E-mail: agadjanian@asu.edu. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
65:10234 Aguinaga, Hélio.
The story of family planning in Brazil. [A saga do
planejamento familiar no Brasil.] 1996. 228 pp. Topbooks: Rio de
Janeiro, Brazil. In Por.
This is a study of the development of
family planning in Brazil over the course of the twentieth century. The
author describes the change from a strongly pronatalist society to one
in which there is a general acceptance of the principles of responsible
parenthood. The individuals and institutions that helped to bring about
these changes at both the state and federal levels are identified and
described.
Correspondence: Topbooks, Rua Visconde de
Inhaúma 58/gr. 413, 20091-000 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:10235 Becker, Stan; Hossain, Mian B.;
Thomson, Elizabeth. Disagreement in spousal reports of
current contraceptive use in Sub-Saharan Africa. Hopkins
Population Center Papers on Population, No. WP 98-07, Dec 1998. 28,
[10] pp. Johns Hopkins University, School of Hygiene and Public Health,
Department of Population and Family Health Sciences: Baltimore,
Maryland. In Eng.
"Contraceptive prevalence...estimated from
reports of husbands differs widely from that estimated for wives. In
this research, using data from six Demographic and Health Surveys of
sub-Saharan Africa, we examine reports from spouses in monogamous
couples with no other reported sex partners in the recent period.
Agreement ranged from 47% to 82%...."
Correspondence:
Johns Hopkins University, School of Hygiene and Public Health,
Department of Population and Family Health Sciences, 615 North Wolfe
Street, Baltimore, MD 21205. Author's E-mail: sbecker@jhsph.edu.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:10236 Biddlecom, Ann E.; Fapohunda, Bolaji
M. Covert contraceptive use: prevalence, motivations, and
consequences. Studies in Family Planning, Vol. 29, No. 4, Dec
1998. 360-72 pp. New York, New York. In Eng.
"This article
examines women's covert use of contraceptives, that is, their use of a
method without their husbands' knowledge. Three questions are
addressed: (1) How is covert use measured? (2) How prevalent is it? and
(3) What are the factors underlying covert use? Existing studies are
used together with survey and qualitative data collected in 1997 in an
urban setting in Zambia from married women and their husbands. Women's
covert use of contraceptives is estimated to account for 6 to 20
percent of all current contraceptive use.... The multivariate analysis
indicates that difficult spousal communication about contraception is
the strongest determinant of covert use." This paper was
originally presented at the 1998 Annual Meeting of the Population
Association of America.
Correspondence: A. E. Biddlecom,
University of Michigan, Institute for Social Research, Ann Arbor, MI
48106-1248. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:10237 Carlson, Elwood; Omori,
Megumi. Fertility regulation in a declining state
socialist economy: Bulgaria, 1976-1995. International Family
Planning Perspectives, Vol. 24, No. 4, Dec 1998. 184-7 pp. New York,
New York. In Eng. with sum. in Fre; Spa.
"Findings from a 1976
World Fertility Survey of married women and from a 1995 survey of
married and unmarried women are used to asses changes in contraceptive
usage during a two-decade time period in Bulgaria. Data on the number
of births and abortions from the country's vital and health statistics
system are then used to analyze corresponding changes in reproductive
outcomes."
Correspondence: E. Carlson, University of
South Carolina, Department of Sociology, Columbia, SC 29208.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:10238 Coleman, Lester; Ingham,
Roger. Attenders at young people's clinics in Southampton:
variations in contraceptive use. British Journal of Family
Planning, Vol. 24, No. 3, Oct 1998. 101-4 pp. London, England. In Eng.
"This paper presents findings from a survey of 424 people
attending nine young people's clinics within the Southampton [England]
Community Health NHS Trust.... One major aim of the study was to
investigate whether talking to the sexual partner about contraception
before their first intercourse together and delaying this first
intercourse influenced contraceptive use."
Correspondence:
L. Coleman, University of Southampton, Centre for Sexual Health
Research, Department of Psychology, Highfield, Southampton SO17 1BJ,
England. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:10239 Coll Capdevila, C.; Iglesias Cortit,
L.; Creatsas, G. Contraception today. International
Congress, Symposium and Seminar Series, Vol. 14, ISBN 1-85070-767-7. LC
97-48549. 1997. xi, 282 pp. Parthenon Publishing Group: Pearl River,
New York/Carnforth, England. In Eng.
This is a collection of
articles by various authors on methods of family planning and
contraceptive usage around the world, and represents the proceedings of
the Fourth Congress of the European Society of Contraception. The
chapters deal with contraception and health in Europe; oral
contraception, with special emphasis on long-term effects; biochemical
aspects of hormonal contraception; non-oral contraception through a
levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system; postcoital contraception;
natural contraception; intrauterine contraception; barrier methods;
abortion in Europe; how repeat aborters are handled in Central and
Eastern Europe; contraception in adolescence and perimenopause; male
contraception; and sexually transmitted disease prevention in
contraceptive centers.
Correspondence: Parthenon Publishing
Group, One Blue Hill Plaza, P.O. Box 1564, Pearl River, NY 10965.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:10240 Cushman, Linda F.; Romero, Diana;
Kalmuss, Debra; Davidson, Andrew R.; Heartwell, Stephen; Rulin,
Marvin. Condom use among women choosing long-term hormonal
contraception. Family Planning Perspectives, Vol. 30, No. 5,
Sep-Oct 1998. 240-3 pp. New York, New York. In Eng.
"Data from
a prospective, multisite [U.S.] study were collected to examine the
probability of condom use among 1,073 new users of either the
contraceptive implant or injectable.... Although condom use among all
women declined markedly once they initiated long-term hormonal
contraception, frequency of condom use varied by subgroup and was
associated with several factors. Most importantly, women with more than
one sexual partner and those who received a message during counseling
on the need to continue using condoms were more likely than others to
use condoms in conjunction with the implant or
injectable."
Correspondence: L. F. Cushman, Columbia
University, School of Public Health, Center for Population and Family
Health, 60 Haven Avenue, New York, NY 10032. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:10241 de Guibert-Lantoine, Catherine;
Leridon, Henri. Contraception in France: a balance-sheet
of 30 years of liberalization. [La contraception en France: un
bilan après 30 ans de libéralisation.] Population, Vol.
53, No. 4, Jul-Aug 1998. 785-811 pp. Paris, France. In Fre. with sum.
in Eng; Spa.
A 1994 survey, the Enquête sur les Situations
Familiales et l'Emploi, "provides material to review the current
state of contraceptive practices [in France].... Contraception today is
practiced mainly by women and takes a medical form: use of the pill has
become widespread, particularly among young people; the IUD appears as
the follow-on method once the family has been formed; traditional
methods are now marginal; use of the condom is on the increase,
particularly among young people and single people, for whom it is often
used in conjunction with the pill, being both a means of contraception
and a protection against sexually transmitted
diseases."
Correspondence: C. de Guibert-Lantoine,
Institut National d'Etudes Démographiques, 133 boulevard Davout,
75980 Paris Cedex 20, France. E-mail: lantoine@ined.fr. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:10242 Diman, Tohir; Kantner,
Andrew. Household expenditure and the utilization of
family planning and maternal health services in Indonesia.
East-West Center Working Papers, Population Series, No. 101, Feb 1998.
i, 41 pp. East-West Center: Honolulu, Hawaii. In Eng.
"Using
data from the 1994 Indonesia Demographic and Health Survey (IDHS), this
paper provides information on family and household income and
expenditure levels.... Households with high expenditure levels are more
likely to use contraception (56 percent) than are households with low
expenditure levels (45 percent). Households with higher expenditure
levels are also more likely to rely on the private sector for family
planning, prenatal, and delivery services.... In general, the total
costs for family planning services are far lower for households with
low monthly expenditure levels than for more prosperous households.
Among clients who paid for family planning services, however, the
median price paid for pills does not vary by household welfare status,
suggesting a rather inefficient market segmentation. Multivariate
analysis indicates that poor Indonesian households are still heavily
reliant on government-service outlets for family planning and maternal
health care."
Correspondence: East-West Center,
Publication Sales Office, 1777 East-West Road, Honolulu, HI 96848.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:10243 Eggleston, Elizabeth.
Use of family planning at first sexual intercourse among young
adults in Ecuador. Journal of Biosocial Science, Vol. 30, No. 4,
Oct 1998. 501-10 pp. Cambridge, England. In Eng.
"The purpose
of this study was to assess factors associated with the use of family
planning at first sexual intercourse among young adults aged 15 to 24
in urban Ecuador.... In the overall population, the following variables
were significantly related to using family planning at first sex: being
male; being from Guayaquil; older age; father's completion of secondary
school. Having lost one's virginity to a prostitute was significantly
associated with non-use of family
planning."
Correspondence: E. Eggleston, University of
North Carolina, Department of Maternal and Child Health, Chapel Hill,
NC 27514. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:10244 Fathonah, Siti; Kantner,
Andrew. An assessment of recent levels and trends in
long-term contraceptive method use in Indonesia. East-West Center
Working Papers, Population Series, No. 96, Dec 1997. 28 pp. East-West
Center: Honolulu, Hawaii. In Eng.
"Using data from the 1991
and 1994 Indonesia Demographic and Health Survey (IDHS), this paper
identifies factors that may be inhibiting the growth of long-term
[contraceptive] method use. Results show that the use of long-term
methods declined in two regions of the country (Java-Bali and Outer
Java-Bali I), in rural areas, among women with higher levels of
education, and among women with four or more children. The analysis
suggests that family planning information, education, and communication
(FP-IEC) activities had a modest effect in promoting the use of
long-term methods, most notably the use of implants. Recent contact
with family planning field workers, however, was associated with lower
use of long-term methods. "
Correspondence: East-West
Center, Publication Sales Office, 1777 East-West Road, Honolulu, HI
96848. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:10245 Fung, K. K. How many
children?--Fixing total annual births as a population control
policy. Population Research and Policy Review, Vol. 17, No. 5, Oct
1998. 403-19 pp. Dordrecht, Netherlands. In Eng.
"Traditional
family planning's emphasis on manipulating the total fertility rate
often results in erratic number of births which disrupts school
enrollment and labor supply. Fixing total annual births to a
permanently lower level will avoid such repeated disruptions and can
eventually lead to a lower stationary population with annual deaths
equal to the fixed annual births. If allocation of the fixed birth
quotas is conditional upon deaths, each death can be converted to a
variable number of inheritable and tradable birth quotas. Tradable
birth coupons allow families to have the number of children they want
and can afford within the overall fixed birth quotas. Inheritable birth
quotas provide incentive for higher old-age mortality and consequently
less aging in a declining population."
Correspondence:
K. K. Fung, University of Memphis, Department of Economics,
Memphis, TN 38152. E-mail: kkfung@memphis.edu. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:10246 Gold, Rachel B.; Darroch, Jacqueline
E.; Frost, Jennifer J. Mainstreaming contraceptive
services in managed care--five states' experiences. Family
Planning Perspectives, Vol. 30, No. 5, Sep-Oct 1998. 204-11 pp. New
York, New York. In Eng.
"In each of five [U.S.] areas with
relatively mature managed care environments (all of Colorado,
Massachusetts and Michigan, as well as selected counties in California
and Florida), all managed care organizations serving commercial or
Medicaid enrollees were asked about their coverage of contraceptive
services and procedures for obtaining that care. In addition, all
publicly funded family planning agencies in these areas were queried
about their involvement with managed care plans, and representative
samples of reproductive-age women at risk of unintended pregnancy and
enrolled in managed care plans were asked about their plan's coverage
and their experiences in obtaining contraceptive
services."
Correspondence: R. B. Gold, Alan Guttmacher
Institute, 120 Wall Street, New York, NY 10005. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:10247 International Alliance of Women [IAW]
(Athens, Greece); Medical Women's International Association [MWIA]
(Cologne, Germany). Better access to family planning for
all. 1995. 50 pp. Athens, Greece. In Eng.
This volume contains
reports presented at a workshop at the 1994 Cairo International
Conference on Population and Development. Contents are as follows:
Modern contraception: its benefits, its risks, by Dorothy Ward; Better
access to family planning for all and the obstacles to its
implementation, by Gudrun Eger-Harsch; Family planning in India and our
problem, by Aroti Dutt; The problem in Burkina Faso, by Chantal
Ouedraogo; and Family planning from a human rights perspective, by
Alice Yotopoulos-Marangopoulos.
Correspondence:
International Alliance of Women, 1 Lycavittou, 106 72 Athens,
Greece. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:10248 Islam, M. Mazharul; Islam, M.
Nurul. Contraceptive use among married adolescent girls in
rural Bangladesh. Journal of Family Welfare, Vol. 44, No. 1, Mar
1998. 32-41 pp. Mumbai, India. In Eng.
"This study analyses
certain important aspects of contraception among married adolescent
girls in rural Bangladesh utilising data from a field survey. The
findings indicate that while knowledge about family planning was nearly
universal among the adolescents, only 36.4 per cent of them had ever
used a contraceptive and 25 per cent were currently practicing
contraception.... Our study indicated that the adolescents were highly
in favour of family planning and most were of the opinion that every
couple should use family planning to control family
size...."
Correspondence: M. M. Islam, University of
Dhaka, Department of Statistics, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:10249 Jeannin, André; Konings, Elke;
Dubois-Arber, Françoise; Landert, Charles; Van Melle,
Guy. Validity and reliability in reporting sexual partners
and condom use in a Swiss population survey. European Journal of
Epidemiology, Vol. 14, No. 2, Feb 1998. 139-46 pp. Stuttgart, Germany.
In Eng.
The authors "examine the validity and reliability of
indicators of sexual behavior and condom use in annual telephone
surveys (n=2,800) of the general population aged 17 to 45 for the
evaluation of AIDS prevention in Switzerland.... The reliability of
reports on sexual behaviour and condom use...is good. The indicators
derived from the annual surveys are robust measures and the monitoring
of trends seems to be based on reliable measurement. However, more
research is required on the validity of the
data."
Correspondence: A. Jeannin, Institut
Universitaire de Médecine Social et Préventive,
Unité d'Evaluation des Programmes de Prévention, 17 rue
de Bugnon, 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
65:10250 John, Anja. The
socio-cultural context of population programs. Materialien und
Kleine Schriften, No. 161, ISBN 3-927276-47-2. 1997. 27 pp.
Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Institut für Entwicklungsforschung
und Entwicklungspolitik: Bochum, Germany. In Eng.
The author
provides a cross-cultural comparison of population programs in
developing countries. The socio-cultural situations in the Arab states,
Africa, Asia, and Latin America and the Caribbean are outlined, with
information provided for selected countries in each area. Differences
in family planning programs are briefly
discussed.
Correspondence: Ruhr University of Bochum,
Institute of Development Research and Development Policy, P.O. Box 10
21 48, 44780 Bochum, Germany. E-mail: iee@rz.ruhr-uni.bochum.de.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:10251 Kaufman, Carol E.
Contraceptive use in South Africa under apartheid. Demography,
Vol. 35, No. 4, Nov 1998. 421-34 pp. Silver Spring, Maryland. In Eng.
"In this paper, patterns of contraceptive use among black
South African women in the late 1980s are examined. Multilevel logit
models are used to evaluate the extent to which segregation of the
African population into homelands gave rise to uneven patterns of
contraceptive use; how this pattern was shaped by variations in
family-planning acceptability; and the way in which the system of male
labor migration and social and economic inequities across communities
affected women's use of contraceptives. Results show that variation in
contraceptive use across homeland areas diminished with the addition of
community controls for development and migration."
This is a
revised version of a paper originally presented at the 1996 Annual
Meeting of the Population Association of
America.
Correspondence: C. E. Kaufman, Population Council,
Policy Research Division, One Dag Hammarskjold Plaza, 9th Floor, New
York, NY 10017. E-mail: ckaufman@popcouncil.org. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:10252 Konje, Justin C.; Oladini, Folashade;
Otolorin, Emmanuel O.; Ladipo, Oladapo O. Factors
determining the choice of contraceptive methods at the Family Planning
Clinic, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria. British
Journal of Family Planning, Vol. 24, No. 3, Oct 1998. 107-10 pp.
London, England. In Eng.
"In a study of 2,000 women volunteers
seeking contraceptive services at the Family Planning Clinic (FPC),
University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria, 66.2 per cent chose the
intrauterine device (IUD).... Factors influencing choice of
contraceptive methods were advice from friends and family members,
intended duration of use and information from the media. Ignorance,
fear and unfounded cultural beliefs were factors responsible for the
delay in seeking contraceptive advice."
Correspondence:
J. C. Konje, Leicester Royal Infirmary, Department of Obstetrics
and Gynaecology, Leicester LE2 7LX, England. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:10253 Kyaddondo, David; Nangendo,
Florence. Availability and accessibility of condoms and
family planning services to adolescents: a study of Mpigi
District. LC 97-981768. Jun 1995. vi, 39 pp. Makerere University,
Child Health and Development Centre: Kampala, Uganda. In Eng.
The
authors aim "to describe the range and nature of traditional and
modern family planning services offered to adolescents in Mpigi
district [Uganda]...to describe the range and nature of constraints to
family planning supply to adolescents...[and] to identify the range and
nature of potential entrepreneurs and contraceptive providers in the
community who can target the contraceptive needs of
adolescents."
Correspondence: Makerere University,
Child Health and Development Centre, Kampala, Uganda. E-mail:
CHDC@Uga.Healthnet.org. Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
65:10254 Magnani, Robert J.; Haws, Jeanne M.;
Morgan, Gwendolyn T.; Gargiullo, Paul M.; Pollack, Amy E.; Koonin, Lisa
M. Vasectomy in the United States, 1991 and 1995.
American Journal of Public Health, Vol. 89, No. 1, Jan 1999. 92-4 pp.
Washington, D.C. In Eng.
The extent to which the controversy
concerning the link between vasectomy and prostate cancer has had an
effect on the acceptance of vasectomy in the United States is explored
using data from national probability surveys of urology, general
surgery, and family practices carried out in 1992 and 1996.
"Estimates of the total number of vasectomies performed,
population rate, and proportion of practices performing vasectomy were
not significantly different in 1991 and 1995. This study provides no
solid evidence that the recent controversy over prostate cancer has
influenced vasectomy acceptance or practice in the United States.
However, the use of vasectomy appears to have leveled off in the
1990s."
Correspondence: R. J. Magnani, Tulane
University Medical Center, School of Public Health and Tropical
Medicine, Department of International Health and Development, 1440
Canal Street, Suite 2200, New Orleans, LA 70112. E-mail:
magnani@mailhost.tcs.tulane.edu. Location: Princeton
University Library (SZ).
65:10255 Mfono, Zanele. Teenage
contraceptive needs in urban South Africa: a case study.
International Family Planning Perspectives, Vol. 24, No. 4, Dec 1998.
180-3 pp. New York, New York. In Eng.
"This article explores
qualitatively the needs of urban South African teenagers for sexuality
education and contraceptive services, and the problems such youths
encounter, as perceived both by the teenagers themselves and by the
service providers. The information is taken from a descriptive process
evaluation of the needs and use patterns of teenage clients at family
planning outlets in urban areas of Gauteng Province. Descriptive
methods are used instead of quantitative data, based on field notes
made in the course of visits to four service
points."
Correspondence: Z. Mfono, University of Fort
Hare, Private Bag X1314, Alice 5700, South Africa. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:10256 Murphy, Joseph J.; Boggess,
Scott. Increased condom use among teenage males,
1988-1995: the role of attitudes. Family Planning Perspectives,
Vol. 30, No. 6, Nov-Dec 1998. 276-80, 303 pp. New York, New York. In
Eng.
"Data from the 1988 and the 1995 [U.S.] National Survey
of Adolescent Males are used to determine changes in attitudes toward
condoms, pregnancy prevention and HIV and AIDS.... Between 1988 and
1995, young men's attitudes toward partner appreciation of condom use,
condom-use embarrassment and pleasure reduction from condom use all
changed in a direction suggestive of more consistent condom use.
However, attitudes related to pregnancy prevention and AIDS avoidance
changed in a direction suggestive of less-consistent condom
use."
Correspondence: J. J. Murphy, University of
Chicago, National Opinion Research Center, Population Research Center,
1155 East 60th Street, Chicago, IL 60637-2799. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:10257 Ntozi, James P. M.; Kirunga,
Christine T. Family planning and HIV/AIDS in Sub-Saharan
Africa: challenges and strategies. African Journal of Reproductive
Health/Revue Africaine de la Santé Reproductive, Vol. 2, No. 2,
Oct 1998. 44-56 pp. Benin City, Nigeria. In Eng. with sum. in Fre.
"This paper reviews the interface between family planning and
the HIV/AIDS epidemic in Sub-Saharan Africa, and discusses the policies
toward integration of strategies. In many countries of the region, both
contraception and HIV/AIDS are increasing, with the exception of Uganda
where there is evidence of a recent decline in HIV/AIDS prevalence.
Strategies to integrate policies that promote family planning and
prevent HIV infection have been initiated in some African countries. A
future research agenda to study the link between the two subjects is
suggested."
Correspondence: J. P. M. Ntozi, Makerere
University, Institute of Statistics and Applied Economics, Department
of Population Studies, Kampala, Uganda. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
65:10258 Nzioka, Charles. Factors
influencing male interest in family planning in Kenya. African
Journal of Reproductive Health/Revue Africaine de la Santé
Reproductive, Vol. 2, No. 2, Oct 1998. 122-41 pp. Benin City, Nigeria.
In Eng. with sum. in Fre.
"This paper examines factors that
influence male interest and participation in family planning in
Kenya.... Male knowledge and interest in family planning was found to
be higher among the young and educated. However, some socio-cultural
and method-related obstacles inhibited inter-spousal communication. The
study identifies increased male services, and community-based male
peer-educator approaches, as ways of ensuring sustained male interest
and participation in family planning in rural
Kenya."
Correspondence: C. Nzioka, University of
Nairobi, Department of Sociology, P.O. Box 30197, Nairobi, Kenya.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:10259 Onokerhoraye, Andrew G.; Omorodion,
Francisca I. Rural community structure and contraceptive
use in Nigeria. Benin Social Science Series for Africa, ISBN
978-2027-21-9. LC 97-137869. 1993. xviii, 280 pp. University of Benin:
Benin City, Nigeria. In Eng.
"In many ways, the state of
knowledge of rural community structures and contraceptive use in
Nigeria today is comparable to that of the determinants of
contraceptive use. There is little concrete data, and the subject is
rife with generalizations which disguise infrastructural, social,
economic and cultural variations in a country as diverse as Nigeria.
Such generalizations are not relevant for policy formulation which must
be locality-specific. This book on Rural Community Structures and
contraceptive use in Nigeria considers the intricate and variable ways
in which community factors affect the use of modern contraceptives and
are affected by it, as well as how they can be integrated into
strategies to improve the level of [contraception] in rural
Nigeria."
Correspondence: University of Benin, PMB
1154, Ugbowo, Benin City, Nigeria. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
65:10260 Potts, Malcolm; Rooks, Judith; Holt,
Bethany Y. How to improve family planning and save lives
using a stage-of-life approach. International Family Planning
Perspectives, Vol. 24, No. 4, Dec 1998. 195-7 pp. New York, New York.
In Eng.
"The organization of reproductive health services [in
developing countries], including family planning, must be rethought and
dramatically altered to give priority to women at the beginning of
their reproductive careers, who tend to have the most serious health
and social problems. In this viewpoint, we propose a bold strategy to
make better use of the limited human and financial resources currently
devoted to specialized family planning
clinics."
Correspondence: M. Potts, University of
California, School of Public Health, Berkeley, CA 94720. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:10261 Potts, Malcolm; Walsh,
Julia. Making Cairo work. Lancet, Vol. 353, No. 9149,
Jan 23, 1999. 315-8 pp. New York, New York/London, England. In Eng.
"The 1994 International Conference on Population and
Development set broad new goals for family planning and reproductive
health. The resources available to fund these much needed programmes,
however, are much smaller than was originally calculated. To divide the
limited budgets for the maximum health impact, likely resource flows
need to be set against the cost of various family planning and
reproductive health interventions. Preliminary analysis suggests that
selection of cost-effective delivery of family planning services would
still meet much of the need for family planning, and that some progress
could be made towards improved control of sexually transmitted
diseases."
Correspondence: M. Potts, University of
California, School of Public Health, Earl Warren Hall, Berkeley, CA
94720. E-mail: potts@socrates.berkeley.edu. Location:
Princeton University Library (SZ).
65:10262 Riehman, Kara S.; Sly, David F.;
Soler, Hosanna; Eberstein, Isaac W.; Quadagno, David; Harrison, Dianne
F. Dual-method use among an ethnically diverse group of
women at risk of HIV infection. Family Planning Perspectives, Vol.
30, No. 5, Sep-Oct 1998. 212-7 pp. New York, New York. In Eng.
"Interviews were conducted with 552 low-income [U.S.] women at
risk of HIV who attended public health or economic assistance
facilities in Miami [Florida] in 1994 and 1995. Multinomial logit
analyses were used to determine the influence of women's background
characteristics, perceived vulnerability to pregnancy and AIDS, and
relationship characteristics on the odds of dual-method use.... Both
women's individual characteristics and the context of their sexual
relationships influence whether they simultaneously protect themselves
from pregnancy and HIV. The involvement of male partners in family
planning decision-making and women's control over economic
decision-making ensure greater protection against HIV
infection."
Correspondence: K. S. Riehman, University
of California, School of Medicine, Drug Abuse Research Training Center,
Los Angeles, CA 90024. Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
65:10263 Sarkar, N. N. Trends in
sexual and contraceptive behaviour. Journal of Family Welfare,
Vol. 44, No. 1, Mar 1998. 49-59 pp. Mumbai, India. In Eng.
"The present article reviews the relevant literature and
elaborates upon some...common factors...to study possible trends in
sexual and contraceptive behaviour [worldwide] particularly among young
people." Aspects considered include knowledge of conception and
contraception, initiation of sexual activity, contraceptive use, number
and gender of children, rural and urban factors, risk of transmission
of HIV/AIDS, and sociocultural factors.
Correspondence: N.
N. Sarkar, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Department of
Reproductive Biology, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi 110 029, India.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:10264 Society of Obstetricians and
Gynaecologists of Canada (Ottawa, Canada). The Canadian
Consensus Conference on Contraception. 1998. 72 pp. Ribosome
Communications: Toronto, Canada. In Eng.
This document, which is
also available in French, presents the consensus statement developed by
the Society of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists of Canada on
contraception. The statement, "which reviews statistics on
contraceptive use, gives information on the determinants of
contraception and on various aspects of sexual health, describes each
contraceptive method available in Canada and underlines the role of
health care professionals in sexual counselling and contraception
provision. It is designed to support professionals working in the area
of family planning, including those in family medicine, gynaecology,
nursing, pharmacy and public health."
Correspondence:
Ribosome Communictions, 50 St. Clair Avenue East, 4th Floor,
Toronto, Ontario M4T 1M9, Canada. E-mail: jsogc@ribosome.com.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:10265 Tey, Nai Peng; Tan, Poo Chang; Ng,
Sor Tho; Kuppusamy, Singaravelloo; Wan Sabri, Wan Hussin.
Contraceptive choice in the rural areas of Peninsular Malaysia:
determinants and change. Dec 1997. ix, 190, [50] pp. University of
Malaya, Faculty of Economics and Administration: Kuala Lumpur,
Malaysia; World Health Organization [WHO]: Geneva, Switzerland. In Eng.
"Based on 1,676 currently married women aged 15-49 years in
eight rural districts, this study examines the underlying factors
affecting the dynamics of contraceptive use for programme planning [in
Malaysia]. Unlike past surveys which focussed on socio-economic
differentials of contraceptive prevalence, the present study also
looked at psychological factors, which include personality traits,
attitudes, beliefs, values and value orientations, programmatic and
other factors that influence the initiation, continuation and choice of
methods."
Correspondence: University of Malaya,
Faculty of Economics and Administration, Lembah Pantai, 59100 Kuala
Lumpur, Malaysia. Location: Population Council Library, New
York, NY.
65:10266 Unger, Jennifer B.; Molina, Gregory
B. Contraceptive use among Latina women: social, cultural,
and demographic correlates. Women's Health Issues, Vol. 8, No. 6,
Nov-Dec 1998. 359-69 pp. Amsterdam, Netherlands. In Eng.
"This
study examined contraceptive use and related variables among a sample
of Latina women in the Los Angeles area, many of whom were
low-acculturated, Spanish-speaking, or of low socioeconomic status. The
purpose of this study was to determine the extent to which
contraceptive use is related to attitudinal and psychosocial variables,
including cultural norms and expectations about pregnancy and
motherhood, perceived social support for contraceptive use, perceived
reliability of contraceptives, beliefs that contraceptives interfere
with sexual pleasure, perceived stigma, embarrassment about negotiating
contraceptive use with partners, embarrassment about purchasing
contraceptives, perceived barriers to contraceptive use, contraceptive
use self-efficacy, and acculturation."
Correspondence:
J. B. Unger, University of Southern California, School of
Medicine, Institute of Health Promotion and Disease Prevention
Research, Los Angeles, CA 90089. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
65:10267 Vu, Hoang Ngân.
The need for family planning in Vietnam. [Le besoin de
planification familiale au Viêt-Nam.] Les Dossiers du CEPED, No.
50, ISBN 2-87762-114-6. Oct 1998. 36 pp. Centre Français sur la
Population et le Développement [CEPED]: Paris, France. In Fre.
with sum. in Eng.
"This study investigates the need for family
planning in Vietnam and its evolution given the dynamic socio-economic
context of the country.... The need for contraception in Vietnam is
great, reaching approximately 90% of non-single women. The national
family planning programme covers approximately 49% of this need,
whereas the unmet need is therefore 51%. Given a preliminary review,
women without access to family planning methods rely on abortions as a
last resort [for] family planning (or fertility control). The number of
abortions has increased throughout Vietnam during the past few
years."
Correspondence: Centre Français sur la
Population et le Développement, 15 rue de l'Ecole de
Médecine, 75270 Paris Cedex 06, France. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:10268 Wells, Elisa S.; Hutchings, Jane;
Gardner, Jacqueline S.; Winkler, Jennifer L.; Fuller, Timothy S.;
Downing, Don; Shafer, Rod. Using pharmacies in Washington
State to expand access to emergency contraception. Family Planning
Perspectives, Vol. 30, No. 6, Nov-Dec 1998. 288-90 pp. New York, New
York. In Eng.
"This article describes preliminary results from
an innovative project to expand access to emergency contraceptive pills
by promoting collaboration between pharmacists and independent
prescribers in the provision of emergency contraception.... We also
discuss the impact that their expanded role is having on access to
emergency contraception, and thereby the potential impact of the
program on rates of unintended pregnancy."
Correspondence:
E. S. Wells, Program for Appropriate Technology in Health, 4
Nickerson, Seattle, WA 98109. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
65:10269 Zwingle, Erla. Women and
population. National Geographic, No. 4, Oct 1998. 36-55 pp.
Washington, D.C. In Eng.
The author discusses the impact of
contraception and family planning on worldwide birth rates, women's
health and status, and cultural practices. The increasing attention
given to men in family planning clinics and programs is noted. Problems
caused by high adolescent pregnancy rates are also
examined.
Location: Princeton University Library (PR).
Selected studies on the medical aspects of fertility control methods, including studies on side effects and use-effectiveness.
65:10270 Farley, Timothy M. M.; Meirik, Olav;
Chang, C. Lan; Poulter, Neil R. Combined oral
contraceptives, smoking, and cardiovascular risk. Journal of
Epidemiology and Community Health, Vol. 52, No. 12, Dec 1998. 775-85
pp. London, England. In Eng.
The objective of this study was to
"assess age specific incidence and mortality of stroke, acute
myocardial infarction (AMI), and idiopathic venous thromboembolism
(VTE) associated with use of modern low dose combined oral
contraceptives (OCs) and the interaction with smoking." Data were
obtained from a hospital-based case-control study carried out during
the period 1989-1993 in hospitals in the Oxford region in the United
Kingdom. The results indicate that "the incidence of fatal
cardiovascular events among women aged less than 35 years is low....
For women over age 35 years the absolute risks associated with OC use
and smoking are greater because of the steeply rising incidence of
arterial diseases. The combination of smoking and OC use among such
women is associated with particularly increased risks.... However, the
mortality associated with smoking is far greater than that associated
with with OC use (of any type) at all
ages."
Correspondence: T. M. M. Farley, World Health
Organization, Special Programme of Research on Human Reproduction, 1211
Geneva 27, Switzerland. Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
65:10271 Glasier, Anna. Emergency
postcoital contraception. New England Journal of Medicine, Vol.
337, No. 15, Oct 9, 1997. 1,058-64 pp. Boston, Massachusetts. In Eng.
The author reviews methods and use of emergency postcoital
contraception. Aspects considered include mode of action, indications,
efficacy, estrogen and progestins, the IUD, antiprogestins, and
availability of emergency contraception. Reasons for the relatively low
levels of use are discussed.
Correspondence: A. Glasier,
University of Edinburgh, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 18
Dean Terrace, Edinburgh EH4 1NL, Scotland. Location: Princeton
University Library (SZ).
65:10272 Hull, Terence H. The
challenge of contraceptive implant removals in East Nusa Tenggara,
Indonesia. International Family Planning Perspectives, Vol. 24,
No. 4, Dec 1998. 176-9, 205 pp. New York, New York. In Eng.
The
author reports on a 1996 study of contraceptive implant use in
Indonesia. "Spontaneous comments and discussions about implant
acceptance and, in particular, problems associated with timely removal
led the team to look closely at information available from clinics to
assess whether standard medical records were adequate to keep track of
users over the five years following
insertion."
Correspondence: T. H. Hull, Australian
National University, Research School of Social Sciences, Demography
Program, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
65:10273 Miller, Eric R.; Shane, Barbara;
Murphy, Elaine. Contraceptive safety: rumors and
realities. 2nd ed. Dec 1998. 40 pp. Population Reference Bureau:
Washington, D.C.; World Health Organization [WHO]: Geneva, Switzerland.
In Eng.
This report "is intended as a resource guide on
contraception for policymakers, program managers, service providers,
and others needing accurate information on the risks and benefits of
contraceptive methods.... Each method is described along with its
advantages and disadvantages. In addition to the method's contraceptive
effectiveness, other health benefits of methods are explained...."
Information is also included on medical risks and possible
complications, side effects, and common rumors about methods along with
factual details.
Correspondence: Population Reference
Bureau, 1875 Connecticut Avenue NW, Suite 520, Washington, D.C.
20009-5728. E-mail: popref@prb.org. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
Studies evaluating either the demographic impact or other criteria of effectiveness of family planning programs.
65:10274 Cohen, Deborah A.; Farley, Thomas A.;
Bedimo-Etame, Jean R.; Scribner, Richard; Ward, William; Kendall, Carl;
Rice, Janet. Implementation of condom social marketing in
Louisiana, 1993 to 1996. American Journal of Public Health, Vol.
89, No. 2, Feb 1999. 204-8 pp. Washington, D.C. In Eng.
The
implementation and impact of a condom social marketing initiative
carried out in the state of Louisiana from 1993 to 1996 are described.
The program made condoms freely available in public health clinics,
community mental health centers, substance abuse treatment sites, and
business locations. Over 33 million condoms were distributed without
giving rise to significant opposition. The authors conclude that
"condom social marketing can be successfully implemented in the
United States. The widespread availability of free condoms is
associated with increased condom use, particularly among persons at
high risk for STDs and HIV."
Correspondence: D. A.
Cohen, Louisiana Office of Public Health, Department of Health and
Hospitals, HIV Program Office, 1600 Canal Street, New Orleans, LA
70112. Location: Princeton University Library (SZ).
65:10275 Cunnan, Priscilla.
Family planning in an informal settlement: the case of Canaan in
Durban, South Africa. In: Issues and perspectives on health care
in contemporary Sub-Saharan Africa, edited by Ezekiel Kalipeni and
Philip Thiuri. 1997. 165-77 pp. Edwin Mellen Press: Lewiston, New York.
In Eng.
This is a study of contraceptive practice by black women in
a small informal settlement in the Durban urban region of South Africa.
"Specifically, the paper describes the socioeconomic profile of
the women in this settlement and attempts to determine the reasons for
the utilization or nonutilization of modern contraceptive techniques.
The types of contraceptives generally used are also identified and
assessment of the knowledge, attitude and practice of contraceptives,
particularly the attitude of men towards contraceptives, is offered.
Availability and accessibility to health care resources, particularly
family planning clinics is also discussed...." The author notes
that most men disapproved of or disliked male methods of contraception,
and that Depo Provera and injectable contraception was utilized by most
women because of its convenience and discreetness. Reasons for nonuse
of contraception were mostly associated with political or cultural
factors rather than with lack of access to services.
Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:10276 Gautier, Arlette. Women
and family planning in the Yucatan. [Femmes et planification
familiale au Yucatan.] Cahiers des Amériques Latines, No. 22,
1997. 87-102 pp. Paris, France. In Fre. with sum. in Eng; Spa.
This
study looks at the impact that the family planning program that has
been developed in the Mexican state of Yucatan over the past 50 years
has had on the status of women. "A survey carried out in the
Henequén region does not provide a clear-cut response. Women do
not have a part in the development of the programme and they have lost
their role as midwives. Moreover, they are the targets of a policy
which does not address their daily rights and which is not also focused
on men. However, this policy has increased the control they have over
their own bodies."
Correspondence: A. Gautier,
Université de Paris X, 200 avenue de la République, 92001
Nanterre Cedex, France. Location: Rutgers University Library,
New Brunswick, NJ.
65:10277 Jensen, Eric R.
Effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of family planning in the
Philippines. East-West Center Working Papers, Population Series,
No. 97, Jan 1998. 26 pp. East-West Center: Honolulu, Hawaii. In Eng.
"This study uses the 1993 National Demographic Survey (NDS) to
examine issues of contraceptive effectiveness and cost-effectiveness in
the Philippines.... Focusing on pills, the analysis...indicates
substantial performance differences among outlets delivering the same
contraceptives to comparable populations.... On the basis of numbers of
contraceptives distributed, public hospitals appear to be a
cost-effective provider of all methods. However, if effectiveness is
measured in terms of impact on fertility, public and private hospitals
and private clinics are much less effective than barangay [local
administrative unit] health stations or rural health
units."
Correspondence: East-West Center, Publication
Sales Office, 1777 East-West Road, Honolulu, HI 96848. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:10278 Kirby, Douglas; Brener, Nancy D.;
Brown, Nancy L.; Peterfreund, Nancy; Hillard, Pamela; Harrist,
Ron. The impact of condom distribution in Seattle schools
on sexual behavior and condom use. American Journal of Public
Health, Vol. 89, No. 2, Feb 1999. 182-7 pp. Washington, D.C. In Eng.
The impact of a condom distribution program carried out in 10
Seattle, Washington, high schools in the period 1993-1995 is analyzed.
The program made condoms available through vending machines, baskets in
school clinics, or both. The results indicate that "making condoms
available in Seattle schools enabled students to obtain relatively
large numbers of condoms but did not lead to increases in either sexual
activity or condom use."
Correspondence: D. Kirby, ETR
Associates, P.O. Box 1830, Santa Cruz, CA 95061-1830. Location:
Princeton University Library (SZ).
65:10279 Kols, Adrienne J.; Sherman, Jill
E. Family planning programs: improving quality.
Population Reports, Series J: Family Planning Programs, No. 47, Nov
1998. 39 pp. Johns Hopkins University, Center for Communication
Programs, Population Information Program [PIP]: Baltimore, Maryland. In
Eng.
By applying the principles of the quality movement in the
business and medical world to family planning programs, the authors
make some recommendations for improving the quality of such programs in
developing countries. They delineate several principles and benefits of
good quality, sketch the development of the quality movement in health
care, discuss the principles of quality management, address issues of
quality design, control, and improvement, and provide a bibliography of
quality-related literature. Egypt's Gold Star program is cited as an
example of a family planning program that has successfully applied
these principles.
Correspondence: Johns Hopkins University,
Center for Communication Programs, Population Information Program, 111
Market Place, Suite 310, Baltimore, MD 21202-4012. E-mail:
PopRepts@welchlink.welch.jhu.edu. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
65:10280 Lindstrom, David P. The
role of contraceptive supply and demand in Mexican fertility decline:
evidence from a microdemographic study. Population Studies, Vol.
52, No. 3, Nov 1998. 255-74 pp. London, England. In Eng.
"This
paper uses retrospective life history data to assess the impact of
family planning services on contraceptive use in a rural Mexican
township. Between 1960 and 1990 contraceptive use rose and fertility
declined dramatically. Both contraceptive supply and demand factors
were influential in these trends. The start of the government-sponsored
family planning programme in the late 1970s was associated with a sharp
rise in female sterilization and use of the IUD. However, once we
controlled for the changing socio-economic and demographic
characteristics of the sample, the presence of family planning services
had no significant effect on the likelihood that women used modern
reversible methods compared to traditional methods."
This is a
revised version of a paper originally presented at the 1996 Annual
Meeting of the Population Association of
America.
Correspondence: D. P. Lindstrom, Brown University,
Department of Sociology, Population Studies and Training Center, Maxcy
Hall, Box 1916, Providence, RI 02912. E-mail:
David_Lindstrom_1@brown.edu. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
65:10281 Luther, Norman Y.; Kristianto,
Bambang Y. Parity progression analysis of fertility
decline in provinces and major islands of Indonesia, 1963-90.
East-West Center Working Papers, Population Series, No. 98, Jan 1998.
14 pp. East-West Center: Honolulu, Hawaii. In Eng. with sum. in Ind.
"In order to evaluate the family planning program and identify
target areas for increased effectiveness, this study calculates period
parity progression ratios (PPRs) and total fertility rates (TFRs) for
the period 1963-90 for Indonesia's provinces and regions. Results show
that the two-child family is being increasingly adopted in Java and
Bali, although more slowly in West Java than in other Java and Bali
provinces. Outside Java and Bali, in provinces where family planning
was introduced later, fertility tends to be considerably higher. In
every province, fertility is lower in urban areas than in the
countryside. Fertility also goes down with women's education and is
particularly low for women who have completed high school or above.
Women holding non-agricultural jobs have lower fertility than women
holding agricultural jobs, and both these groups have much lower
fertility than women who do not have jobs."
Correspondence:
East-West Center, Publication Sales Office, 1777 East-West Road,
Honolulu, HI 96848. Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
65:10282 Mellor, Jennifer M. The
effect of family planning programs on the fertility of welfare
recipients: evidence from Medicaid claims. Journal of Human
Resources, Vol. 33, No. 4, Fall 1998. 866-95 pp. Madison, Wisconsin. In
Eng.
"Previous studies of U.S. publicly funded family planning
services have produced conflicting and sometimes confounding results.
These studies have relied exclusively on single-equation estimates of
family planning program effectiveness. Economic theories suggest that
single-equation estimates may understate program effectiveness when the
same unobserved variable affects both the fertility outcome and
contraceptive behavior. To eliminate the bias that may result from
single-equation estimation, I use a bivariate probit model to estimate
the effect of contraceptive acceptance on the individual's probability
of giving birth. I employ a unique data set created from Maryland
Medicaid claims records. Results from bivariate probit estimation show
that contraceptive acceptance plays a much larger role in reducing
fertility than single-equation estimates would
suggest."
Correspondence: J. M. Mellor, College of
William and Mary, Department of Economics, Williamsburg, VA 23185.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPIA).
65:10283 Miller, Kate; Miller, Robert; Askew,
Ian; Horn, Majorie C.; Ndhlovu, Lewis. Clinic-based family
planning and reproductive health services in Africa: findings from
situation analysis studies. ISBN 0-87834-094-7. 1998. ix, 255 pp.
Population Council: New York, New York; U.S. Agency for International
Development [USAID]: Washington, D.C. In Eng.
This report presents
the results and discussions of the implications of 12 situation
analysis studies of family planning and reproductive health services in
11 African countries undertaken since 1989. "Situation Analysis is
a comprehensive and standardized approach for systematically assessing
both the readiness of family planning/reproductive health programs to
deliver services and the quality of care received by clients. The
studies demonstrate how program managers can identify and solve
problems that compromise the quality of their programs." The
results "indicate that the challenge now is in the area of
improved counseling, including provision of information on prevention
of HIV/AIDS, and in the need to maintain aseptic conditions for
specific contraceptive methods. The analysis...found that while family
planning services are widely available, many women would benefit from
additional method-specific information, including method side effects,
benefits and drawbacks, and, in the case of condoms, protection
provided against HIV/AIDS."
Correspondence: Population
Council, One Dag Hammarskjold Plaza, New York, NY 10017. E-mail:
pubinfo@popcouncil.org. Location: Population Council Library,
New York, NY.
65:10284 Osteria, Trinidad S.; Kantner,
Andrew. Postpartum family planning services in the
Philippines: an assessment of current service provision and future
program requirements. East-West Center Working Papers, Population
Series, No. 104, Oct 1998. 58 pp. East-West Center: Honolulu, Hawaii.
In Eng.
"The 1998 Philippine Survey of Postpartum Family
Planning Services documents the range and quality of family planning
services offered to new mothers in the Philippines.... The study is
divided into two principal components: (1) interviews with 338
providers regarding family planning postpartum care; and (2) interviews
with 3,452 mothers who gave birth between January 1994 and December
1997 and who accepted a family planning method within six months of
delivery. Information was obtained from 86 clinics in 28 provinces
across the Philippines. Results indicate that the percentage of mothers
accepting family planning during the six-month period following
delivery is quite low (only 6.7 percent between January 1996 and July
1997 in the clinics covered in this study). The main methods accepted
by postpartum clients are IUDs, DMPA, and oral pills. The study found
that the level of provider and client knowledge pertaining to
postpartum family planning services is often
inadequate."
Correspondence: East-West Center,
Publication Sales Office, 1777 East-West Road, Honolulu, HI 96848.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:10285 Ramanathan, Mala.
Reproductive health index: measuring reproduction or reproductive
health? Economic and Political Weekly, Vol. 33, No. 49, Dec 5-11,
1998. 3,104-7 pp. Mumbai, India. In Eng.
The case is made that the
Reproductive Health Index developed by the Population Foundation of
India is more appropriate for measuring the status of the family
planning program in India than it is for actually measuring
reproductive health status. The author notes that this index excludes
such factors as maternal mortality and childlessness among
women.
Location: Princeton University Library (PF).
65:10286 Schuler, Sidney R.; Hossain,
Zakir. Family planning clinics through women's eyes and
voices: a case study from rural Bangladesh. International Family
Planning Perspectives, Vol. 24, No. 4, Dec 1998. 170-5, 205 pp. New
York, New York. In Eng. with sum. in Fre; Spa.
"This article
presents qualitative data [from six villages in Bangladesh collected in
1996] on family planning clients' perceptions of health and family
planning services.... We quote researchers' direct observations and
clients' descriptions to describe through women's eyes and voices
problems that need urgent attention if clinics are to become the focal
point for reproductive health services in the near future."
Results indicate that "hierarchical modes of interaction and poor
communication dominated many of the encounters, and women had to beg
for services in some clinics.... Most clients expressed a willingness
to overlook rude treatment, long waits and unhygienic conditions,
saying that because they were poor, they could not expect better care
and had no service alternatives."
Correspondence: S.
R. Schuler, JSI Research and Training Institute, 1616 North Fort Meyer
Drive, 11th Floor, Arlington, VA 22209. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
65:10287 Stein, Karen; Measham, Diana;
Winikoff, Beverly. The quality of family planning services
for breastfeeding women in Senegal. International Family Planning
Perspectives, Vol. 24, No. 4, Dec 1998. 188-90 pp. New York, New York.
In Eng. with sum. in Fre; Spa.
"Data from an operations
research study of all family planning service delivery sites in Senegal
were used to assess the management of contraceptive services for
lactating women visiting the clinics for the first time.... Although
most providers knew the correct advice to give breastfeeding women, 21%
of the women were not asked their breastfeeding status during the
clinic visit, and more than one-third accepted estrogen-containing
contraceptives (which are not recommended for breastfeeding
women)."
Correspondence: K. Stein, Population Council,
One Dag Hammarskjold Plaza, New York, NY 10017. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:10288 United Nations Population Fund
[UNFPA] (New York, New York). The sexual and reproductive
health of adolescents: a review of UNFPA programme experience.
UNFPA Technical Report, No. 43, ISBN 0-89714-509-7. 1998. [vi], 86, [5]
pp. New York, New York. In Eng.
"The report presents a review
of projects and programmes supported by the United Nations Population
Fund designed to meet adolescents' sexual and reproductive health
(ASRH) needs. Projects and programmes dating back to 1989...have been
analyzed through file studies for the purpose of documenting the scope
of UNFPA support to this field and to highlight examples of best
practices, achievements, lessons learned and challenges for the
future.... The report analyzes programmes supported at the
interregional level and for each of the five regions Africa, Asia and
Pacific, Arab States, Europe, and Latin America and the
Caribbean."
Correspondence: United Nations Population
Fund, 220 East 42nd Street, New York, NY 10017. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:10289 United States. Agency for
International Development [USAID] (Washington, D.C.). From
commitment to action: meeting the challenge of ICPD. Jan 1999. 34
pp. Washington, D.C. In Eng.
"The report highlights the range
of USAID programs in family planning, reproductive health, and women's
empowerment, and the progress that has been made toward meeting the
goals of the ICPD [International Conference on Population and
Development] Program of Action.... Contact information for many of
USAID's partners can be found at the back of this
report."
Correspondence: U.S. Agency for International
Development, Center for Population, Health and Nutrition, Information
Unit, 1300 Pennsylvania Avenue NW, Washington, D.C. 20523-3600. E-mail:
phn@usaid.gov. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
Studies concerned with the interrelations between fertility control and attitudinal variables, including studies on wanted and unwanted pregnancy and children, motivation for parenthood, sex preference, and voluntary childlessness. Studies on knowledge, attitudes, and practice (KAP) of family planning and attitudes toward family size are classified under this heading.
65:10290 Bankole, Akinrinola; Westoff, Charles
F. The consistency and validity of reproductive attitudes:
evidence from Morocco. Journal of Biosocial Science, Vol. 30, No.
4, Oct 1998. 439-55 pp. Cambridge, England. In Eng.
"In this
paper, the recently completed panel survey in Morocco by the
Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) was used to investigate the
consistency of reporting of ideal number of children, reproductive
intentions and the planning status of the last birth. The validity of
reproductive intentions for subsequent fertility behaviour was also
examined. The findings indicate that the three measures of reproductive
attitudes are subject to different degrees of measurement error. The
measure of reproductive intentions is the most consistent of the three,
followed by ideal number of children."
Correspondence:
A. Bankole, Alan Guttmacher Institute, 120 Wall Street, New York,
NY 10005. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:10291 Calvès, Anne-Emmanuèle;
Meekers, Dominique. Marital status and the value of
children in Cameroon. [Status matrimonial et valuer des enfants au
Cameroun.] Les Dossiers du CEPED, No. 47, ISBN 2-87762-108-1. Sep 1997.
29 pp. Centre Français sur la Population et le
Développement [CEPED]: Paris, France. In Fre. with sum. in Eng.
"The analysis of data from the 1991 Cameroon Demographic
Health Survey (CDHS) demonstrates that married women, women in
co-residential informal unions, and women in non-co-residential
informal unions have different perceptions of the advantages and
disadvantages of having many children.... The results also show that
non-co-residential and co-residential informal unions are conceptually
different from marriages, which strongly suggests that the reported
increases in the prevalence of informal unions in many African
societies indicate an important change in the African family, the
implications of which are still poorly
understood."
Correspondence: Centre Français
sur la Population et le Développement, 15 rue de l'Ecole de
Médecine, 75270 Paris Cedex 06, France. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:10292 Haughton, Jonathan; Haughton,
Dominique. Are simple tests of son preference useful? An
evaluation using data from Vietnam. Journal of Population
Economics, Vol. 11, No. 4, 1998. 495-516 pp. Berlin, Germany. In Eng.
"Ideally son preference should be measured in the context of a
hazards or parity progression model of fertility, or a logistic model
of contraceptive use.... Can son preference be discerned reliably using
tests which rely on more limited information? The answer is yes, based
on applying eight simple tests to data from the Vietnam Living
Standards Survey of 1992-93 and comparing the outcomes with the
benchmark results from fuller models. Some, but not all, of the simpler
tests accurately measure son
preference...."
Correspondence: J. Haughton, Suffolk
University, Department of Economics, Boston, MA 02114. E-mail:
haughton@world.std.com. Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
65:10293 Kalda, R.; Sarapuu, H.; Pikk, A.;
Lember, M. Sex education and contraceptive methods:
knowledge and sources of information among the Estonian
population. Advances in Contraception, Vol. 14, No. 2, Jun 1998.
121-30 pp. Hingham, Massachusetts/Dordrecht, Netherlands. In Eng. with
sum. in Fre; Spa.
"This study provides an overview of the
knowledge of various contraceptive methods and sources of information
as well as attitudes towards family planning and sex education among
the Estonian adult population.... This survey shows that the
respondents' knowledge of contraceptive methods was not adequate. There
were no significant differences among the various age and sex groups.
However, the oldest [40-50-year-old] female group tended to be slightly
better informed. At the same time, the youngest age groups had somewhat
less knowledge."
Correspondence: R. Kalda, University
of Tartu, Department of Family Medicine, Puusepa 1a, 2400 Tartu,
Estonia. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:10294 Ku, Leighton; Sonenstein, Freya L.;
Lindberg, Laura D.; Bradner, Carolyn H.; Boggess, Scott; Pleck, Joseph
H. Understanding changes in sexual activity among young
metropolitan men: 1979-1995. Family Planning Perspectives, Vol.
30, No. 6, Nov-Dec 1998. 256-62 pp. New York, New York. In Eng.
"Data on the sexual behavior, sexual attitudes, educational
experiences and demographics of 2,087 never-married metropolitan males
aged 17-19 from the 1979 [U.S.] National Survey of Young Men and the
1988 and 1995 waves of the National Survey of Adolescent Males were
analyzed through multivariate methods to examine factors that predict
sexual behavior as well as those that predict sexual attitudes.... More
conservative sexual attitudes and increased exposure to AIDS education
are key predictors of decreased sexual activity among adolescent males.
However, broader societal factors, such as fear of AIDS and increased
awareness of problems associated with teenage pregnancy and STDs, may
underlie both attitudinal and behavioral changes."
This is a
revised version of a paper originally presented at the 1998 Annual
Meeting of the Population Association of
America.
Correspondence: L. Ku, Urban Institute, Population
Studies Center, 2100 M Street NW, Washington, D.C. 20037. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:10295 Larsen, Ulla; Chung, Woojin; Das
Gupta, Monica. Fertility and son preference in Korea.
Population Studies, Vol. 52, No. 3, Nov 1998. 317-25 pp. London,
England. In Eng.
"This paper addresses the notion that son
preference hinders fertility decline, and examines the effects of
patriarchal relations and modernization on fertility using the 1991
[South] Korea National Fertility and Family Health Survey. It was found
that women who have a son are less likely to have another child, and
that women with a son who do progress to have another child, take
longer to conceive the subsequent child.... A multivariate analysis
showed that preference for male offspring, patriarchy, and
modernization are all strong predictors of second, third, and fourth
conceptions."
This is a revised version of a paper originally
presented at the 1997 Annual Meeting of the Population Association of
America.
Correspondence: U. Larsen, Harvard School of
Public Health, 665 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:10296 Latten, J. J.; Vinkers, J.
Family building in the Netherlands and in Norway. [Relatie- en
gezinsvorming in Nederland en Noorwegen.] Maandstatistiek van de
Bevolking, Vol. 46, No. 11, Nov 1998. 12-23 pp. Voorburg, Netherlands.
In Dut. with sum. in Eng.
The authors compare fertility and family
characteristics in the Netherlands and Norway. "Recent
economic-demographic scenarios for the Netherlands all expect rising
female labour force participation.... If the observed relations between
emancipation and demographic behaviour continue, this would imply that
in the Netherlands non-marital cohabitation will encroach further on
marriage, that the number of non-marital births will increase and that
the frequency of dissolution of relationships will further increase. On
the other hand, in the present Dutch situation more highly educated
people have fewer children than less educated people, whereas this
phenomenon does not occur in Norway."
Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:10297 Little, Paul; Glew, Christine; Kelly,
Joanne; Griffin, Simon; Dickson, Nigel; Sadler, Caroline.
Contraceptive knowledge: development of a valid measure and survey
of pill users and general practitioners. British Journal of Family
Planning, Vol. 24, No. 3, Oct 1998. 98-100 pp. London, England. In Eng.
"We report the development and validation of a questionnaire
to assess contraceptive knowledge in combined oral contraceptive pill
users in primary care, and report predictors of knowledge among pill
users [in England].... Women taking the pill have poor knowledge of
what to do in situations of pill failure and about the details of
emergency contraceptions, which is likely to contribute to the high
level of unwanted pregnancy in this
country."
Correspondence: P. Little, University of
Southampton, Primary Medical Care Group, Aldermoor Health Centre,
Aldermoor Close, Southampton SO16 5ST, England. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:10298 Marleau, Jacques; Maheu,
Martine. Boy or girl? Men's and women's choices for the
only child. [Un garçon ou une fille? Le choix des femmes et
des hommes à l'égard d'un seul enfant.] Population, Vol.
53, No. 5, Sep-Oct 1998. 1,033-41 pp. Paris, France. In Fre.
Based
on a review of the available literature, most of which concerns the
situation in North America, the authors analyze the preferences
expressed by men and women concerning the sex of only children, and the
demographic and psychosocial factors that affect that preference. The
authors note that men's preferences for having a son have remained
constant over the past 45 years. Women's preferences, if they have any,
tend to be for a daughter.
Correspondence: J. Marleau,
Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128, Succursale
Centre-Ville, Montreal, Quebec H3C 3J7, Canada. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:10299 McKibben, Bill. Maybe
one: a personal and environmental argument for single-child
families. ISBN 0-684-85281-0. LC 98-5417. 1998. 254 pp. Simon and
Schuster: New York, New York/London, England. In Eng.
The author
"takes on the most controversial of environmental
problems--population. We live in a unique and dangerous time, he
asserts, when the planet's limits are being tested and voluntary
reductions in American childbearing could make a crucial difference....
McKibben maintains that bringing one, and no more than one, child into
this world will hurt neither your family nor our nation--indeed, it can
be an optimistic step toward the future.... [He] cites new and
extensive research about the developmental strengths of only children;
he finds that single kids are not spoiled, weird, selfish, or asocial,
but pretty much the same as everyone else."
Correspondence:
Simon and Schuster, 1230 Avenue of the Americas, New York, NY
10020. Location: Population Council Library, New York, NY.
65:10300 Mutharayappa, R.; Choe, Minja Kim;
Arnold, Fred; Roy, T. K. Is son preference slowing down
India's transition to low fertility? National Family Health Survey
Bulletin, No. 4, Jan 1997. 4 pp. International Institute for Population
Sciences [IIPS]: Mumbai, India; East-West Center, Program on Population
[POP]: Honolulu, Hawaii. In Eng.
"This issue...examines
fertility levels and indicators of son preference in 19 Indian states,
analyses the impact of son preference on fertility decline, and offers
policy recommendations for alleviating some of the constraints that son
preference imposes on India's social and economic
development."
Correspondence: International Institute
for Population Sciences, Govandi Station Road, Deonar, Mumbai 400 088,
India. E-mail: iips.nfhs@axcess.net.in. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
65:10301 Neema, Stella.
Conducting successful focus groups and analysis: experience from a
pilot study on family planning and sexual behaviour in the era of
HIV/AIDS and STDs. African Journal of Reproductive Health/Revue
Africaine de la Santé Reproductive, Vol. 2, No. 2, Oct 1998.
175-89 pp. Benin City, Nigeria. In Eng. with sum. in Fre.
A pilot
study "using four focus group discussions (FGDs)...was undertaken
in Kampala district [Uganda] among sexually active men and female
contraceptive users and non-users. The pilot focus group discussions
were conducted to test FGD guidelines developed to collect contextual
and attitudinal data on family planning and issues related to sexual
health in the community. A further aim of the pilot study was to
develop a coding schedule for the analysis of focus groups discussions
and to formulate tips for conducting and analyzing successful FGDs and
their analysis to assist other
researchers."
Correspondence: S. Neema, Makerere
University, Makerere Institute of Social Research, P.O. Box 16022,
Kampala, Uganda. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:10302 Ojha, Ashutosh. The
effect of sex preference on fertility in selected states of India.
Journal of Family Welfare, Vol. 44, No. 1, Mar 1998. 42-8 pp. Mumbai,
India. In Eng.
"The present study was designed with the
objectives of examining the variations in sex preference among
contraceptive users in selected states of India, and assessing the
applicability of contraceptive use as the indicator for measuring the
overall impact of sex preference on fertility in the Indian context....
It is clear that there is sex preference for sons in all the selected
states of India."
Correspondence: A. Ojha,
International Institute for Population Sciences, Govandi Station Road,
Deonar, Mumbai 400 088, India. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
65:10303 Perkins, Annabel. Media
influence and differential fertility preference formation of couples in
Sub-Saharan Africa. African Journal of Reproductive Health/Revue
Africaine de la Santé Reproductive, Vol. 2, No. 2, Oct 1998.
66-81 pp. Benin City, Nigeria. In Eng. with sum. in Fre.
"The
paper investigates determinants of differential ideal family size of
couples in two Sub-Saharan African countries, Ghana and Kenya. Whilst
the theory of positive assortative mating and prior empirical evidence
suggest that couples agree on ideal family size, cross-country means
are found to mask the extent to which couples disagree. Using data on
the percentage of couples whose ideal family sizes do not coincide,
substantially more disagreement emerges.... The analysis pinpoints
exposure to radio broadcasts as a major determinant of ideal family
size, with the apparent effects greater for husbands than
wives."
Correspondence: A. Perkins, Cornell
University, Department of Rural Sociology, Population and Development
Program, 134 Warren Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853-7801. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:10304 Singh, Kaushalendra K.; Bloom, Shelah
S.; Tsui, Amy O. Husbands' reproductive health knowledge,
attitudes, and behavior in Uttar Pradesh, India. Studies in Family
Planning, Vol. 29, No. 4, Dec 1998. 388-99 pp. New York, New York. In
Eng.
"To enhance the reproductive health status of couples in
developing countries, the knowledge, attitudes, and behavior of both
women and men must be investigated, especially where women depend on
men for the decision to seek care. This study analyzes data from a
survey of 6,727 husbands from five districts in the northern state of
Uttar Pradesh, India. Data are presented on men's knowledge of women's
health and on their own sexual behavior outside the context of
marriage, on their perceptions of sexual morbidity and their attempts
at treatment for specific conditions, and on their opinions concerning
the social role of wives."
Correspondence: A. O. Tsui,
University of North Carolina, Carolina Population Center, Room 302B, CB
#8120, 123 West Franklin Street, Chapel Hill, NC 27516-3997.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:10305 Thomson, Elizabeth. Her,
his and their children: influences on couple childbearing
decisions. NSFH Working Paper, No. 76, Mar 1, 1997. 32 pp.
University of Wisconsin, Center for Demography and Ecology: Madison,
Wisconsin. In Eng.
"In this paper, I use data from the [U.S.]
National Survey of Families and Households to investigate effects of
her, his and their children on [couples'] childbearing intentions and
behavior. The analysis is limited to couples in which the wife was
under 40 at the time of the NSFH interview, i.e., couples still in
their childbearing years. The risk of a subsequent birth is observed
over a period averaging six years after the initial interviews in
1987-88."
The full text of this paper is available on the Web
at http://www.ssc.wisc.edu/cde/nsfhwp/home.htm.
This paper was
originally presented at the 1997 Annual Meeting of the Population
Association of America.
Correspondence: University of
Wisconsin, Center for Demography and Ecology, 1180 Observatory Drive,
Madison, WI 53706. Author's E-mail: thomson@ssc.wisc.edu.
Studies on induced abortion, including those on attitudes, with the exception of studies primarily concerned with government regulation of abortion, which are coded under M.2. Measures Affecting Fertility. Studies of spontaneous abortion appear under F.3. Sterility and Other Pathology.
65:10306 Addor, V.; Ferron, C.; Narring, F.;
Michaud, P. A. Induced abortion in a Swiss canton from
1990 to 1993: implications for epidemiological monitoring.
[Interruptions de grossesse dans un canton suisse de 1990 à
1993: implications pour la surveillance épidémiologique.]
Revue d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique, Vol. 45, No.
6, Dec 1997. 474-82 pp. Paris, France. In Fre. with sum. in Eng.
The authors "describe abortion utilization in the Canton of
Vaud (Switzerland) and...identify desirable changes in the data
collection system to improve the epidemiologic monitoring.... Nine
women out of 1,000 residents requested an abortion, but the abortion
rate was higher among women of foreign origin compared to Swiss
women.... The abortion rate was lower during adolescence...or after 40
years of age...whereas the proportion of terminated conceptions was
highest at these ages...."
Correspondence: V. Addor,
Institut Universitaire de Médecine Sociale et Préventive
de Lausanne, 17 rue du Bugnon, 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland. E-mail:
veronique.addor@inst.hospvd.ch. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
65:10307 Cabezas-García, Evelio;
Langer-Glass, Ana; Alvarez-Vázquez, Luisa; Bustamante,
Patricia. Sociodemographic profile of induced
abortion. [Perfil sociodemográfico del aborto inducido.]
Salud Pública de México, Vol. 40, No. 3, May-Jun 1998.
265-71 pp. Morelos, Mexico. In Spa. with sum. in Eng.
The authors
aim "to identify sociodemographic characteristics associated with
induced abortion of the first pregnancy and quantify the strength of
association between them [in] Havana, Cuba throughout 1991 and the
beginning of 1992.... The sociodemographic characteristic identified as
[a] risk factor for induced abortion during the first pregnancy is
being younger than 24 years of age, a risk which increased with women
who were less than 20 years old, whether single or in
union."
Correspondence: E. Cabezas-García,
Dirección de General Salud Reproductiva, Secretaría de
Salud, Insurgentes Sur 1397, Mexico City, 03920 DF, Mexico.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:10308 Guttmacher, Sally; Kapadia, Farzana;
Naude, Jim T. W.; de Pinho, Helen. Abortion reform in
South Africa: a case study of the 1996 Choice on Termination of
Pregnancy Act. International Family Planning Perspectives, Vol.
24, No. 4, Dec 1998. 191-4 pp. New York, New York. In Eng.
"This article examines the policies that have regulated
accessibility of abortion [in South Africa] and assesses their impact
on reproductive health. We also describe the newly enacted legislation,
and examine some of the difficulties that will need to be overcome to
ensure that women derive full benefit from the
law."
Correspondence: S. Guttmacher, New York
University, School of Education, Department of Health Studies, New
York, NY 10003. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:10309 Henshaw, Stanley K.
Abortion incidence and services in the United States,
1995-1996. Family Planning Perspectives, Vol. 30, No. 6, Nov-Dec
1998. 263-70, 287 pp. New York, New York. In Eng.
"This
article provides new information on the number and geographic
distribution of [U.S.] abortion providers as of 1996, and updates
national and state-level data on the number of abortions performed and
abortion rates. The availability of abortion services by state,
metropolitan area and county is documented and compared with past
years. Also described are trends in the types of providers, the extent
to which early medical abortion is used, the frequency of dilation and
extraction abortions, and the other services offered by abortion
providers. The data are derived from the 12th national survey by the
Alan Guttmacher Institute (AGI) of all known abortion
providers."
Correspondence: S. K. Henshaw, Alan
Guttmacher Institute, 120 Wall Street, New York, NY 10005.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:10310 Henshaw, Stanley K.; Singh, Susheela;
Oye-Adeniran, Boniface A.; Adewole, Isaac F.; Iwere, Ngozi; Cuca,
Yvette P. The incidence of induced abortion in
Nigeria. International Family Planning Perspectives, Vol. 24, No.
4, Dec 1998. 156-64 pp. New York, New York. In Eng. with sum. in Fre;
Spa.
"The principal goal of this article is to estimate the
current level of abortion in Nigeria, including both the number of
abortions performed by physicians in private clinics and hospitals and
the number performed by nonphysician practitioners and by women
themselves. A secondary goal is to produce a comprehensive profile of
the provision of abortion services in the country as a whole."
Results indicate that "each year, Nigerian women obtain
approximately 610,000 abortions, a rate of 25 abortions per 1,000 women
aged 15-44.... An estimated 40% of abortions are performed by
physicians in established health facilities, while the rest are
performed by nonphysician providers."
Correspondence:
S. K. Henshaw, Alan Guttmacher Institute, 120 Wall Street, New
York, NY 10005. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:10311 International Planned Parenthood
Federation [IPPF]. East and South East Asia and Oceania Region (Kuala
Lumpur, Malaysia). Country experiences on abortion.
Malaysia, Singapore, Thailand, Indonesia, Philippines and Japan.
[1993]. iv, 107 pp. Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. In Eng.
This is a
collection of papers presented at the IPPF-ESEAOR Regional Programme
Advisory Panel Meeting on Abortion, held October 30-31, 1993, in Bali,
Indonesia. The papers "raise basic issues and concerns such as the
lack of accurate information on abortion, the kind of care given to
women who seek abortion or suffer from abortion complications, and
barriers to providing safe abortion services.... The authors
highlighted the need for information and a better understanding of the
sexual behavior, fertility control practices and the psychosocial
effects of abortion among adolescents. They underscored the existing
gap in services and the need for more appropriate policies and
programmes for this age group."
Correspondence:
International Planned Parenthood Federation, ESEAOR Field Office,
246 Jalan Ampang, 50450 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:10312 Israel. Central Bureau of Statistics
(Jerusalem, Israel). Socio-demographic characteristics of
women applying for interruption of pregnancy in Israel, 1995.
Current Briefings in Statistics, No. 25, Jul 1998. 41, xv pp.
Jerusalem, Israel. In Eng; Heb.
This publication presents data on
the demographic and social characteristics of the 18,145 women who
submitted applications to the Pregnancy Termination Approval Boards for
permission to terminate their pregnancies in 1995. Of these requests,
17,627 were approved.
Correspondence: Central Bureau of
Statistics, Hakirya, Romema, P.O. Box 13015, Jerusalem 91130, Israel.
E-mail: yaell@cbs.gov.il. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
65:10313 Johansson, Annika; Nga, Nguyen Thu;
Huy, Tran Quang; Dat, Doan Du; Holmgren, Kristina.
Husbands' involvement in abortion in Vietnam. Studies in
Family Planning, Vol. 29, No. 4, Dec 1998. 400-13 pp. New York, New
York. In Eng.
"This study analyzes the involvement of men in
abortion in Vietnam, where induced abortion is legal and abortion rates
are among the highest in the world. Twenty men were interviewed in 1996
about the role they played in their wives' abortions and about their
feelings and ethical views concerning the procedure. The results showed
that both husbands and wives considered the husband to be the main
decisionmaker regarding family size, which included the decision to
have an abortion, but that, in fact, some women had undergone an
abortion without consulting their husbands in advance.... Respondents'
ethical perspectives on abortion are
discussed."
Correspondence: A. Johansson, Karolinska
Institutet, Division of Public Health Sciences, IHCAR, Unit for
International Health Care Research, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:10314 Kolonovits, Dieter.
Restrictions on abortion funding in the USA and in Austria.
Zeitschrift für Öffentliches Recht, Vol. 52, No. 4, 1997.
477-526 pp. Vienna, Austria. In Eng. with sum. in Ger.
"The
question how the legal system should treat the abortion issue has been
answered in many different ways throughout the world.... In this paper
the approach taken by two different legal systems, the U.S. legal
system and the Austrian legal system, will be compared.... I will
[first] examine one area in the [U.S.] abortion context, namely the
question of public funding of abortions in...detail.... The second part
of the article will...give an introduction to the Austrian law on
abortion in general. The order of treatment of the relevant law will
basically follow the approach taken [in] the discussion of the U.S.
law. This will facilitate the comparison of the two different legal
systems."
Correspondence: D. Kolonovits,
Universität Wien, Institut für Staats- und Verwaltungsrecht,
Schottenbastei 10-16, 1010 Vienna, Austria. Location:
University of Iowa, Law Library, Iowa City, IA.
65:10315 Levine, Phillip B.; Staiger, Douglas;
Kane, Thomas J.; Zimmerman, David J. Roe v Wade and
American fertility. American Journal of Public Health, Vol. 89,
No. 2, Feb 1999. 199-203 pp. Washington, D.C. In Eng.
The authors
attempt to estimate the effect of abortion legislation on fertility in
the United States by comparing fertility rates among states that varied
in the timing of such legislation. They conclude that "a complete
recriminalization of abortion nationwide could result in 440,000
additional births per year. A reversal of the Roe v Wade decision
leaving abortion legal in some states would substantially limit this
impact because of the extent of travel between
states."
Correspondence: P. B. Levine, Wellesley
College, Department of Economics, Wellesley, MA 02181. E-mail:
plevine@wellesley.edu. Location: Princeton University Library
(SZ).
65:10316 Lichter, Daniel T.; McLaughlin, Diane
K.; Ribar, David C. State abortion policy, geographic
access to abortion providers and changing family formation. Family
Planning Perspectives, Vol. 30, No. 6, Nov-Dec 1998. 281-7 pp. New
York, New York. In Eng.
"State and county fixed-effects models
were used to estimate the effects of factors influencing [U.S.]
abortion availability--geographic access, parental notification
requirements and Medicaid funding restrictions--on the county-level
proportion of women heading households.... Welfare reform legislation
and attempts to reduce the availability of abortion services in the
United States appear to be working at cross-purposes. Cutbacks in
access to abortion may have contributed modestly to the increase in the
proportion of women heading households."
Correspondence:
D. T. Lichter, Pennsylvania State University, Population Research
Institute, 601 Oswald Tower, University Park, PA 16802-6211.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:10317 McDonagh, Eileen L.
Breaking the abortion deadlock: from choice to consent. ISBN
0-19-509141-8. LC 95-25899. 1996. xiii, 280 pp. Oxford University
Press: New York, New York/Oxford, England. In Eng.
"Drawing on
the traditional legal doctrine of consent, [the author] constructs a
powerful, new, women-centered framework for abortion rights based on a
woman's right to consent to pregnancy. [Her] analysis turns
anti-abortion rhetoric and anti-abortion state policy on their heads,
and offers a strong foundation for abortion rights generally and the
government's obligation to provide Medicaid funding for abortions for
poor women more particularly." The geographical focus is primarily
on the United States.
Correspondence: Oxford University
Press, 198 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10016. Location:
Population Council Library, New York, NY.
65:10318 Misago, Chizuru; Fonseca, Walter;
Correia, Luciano; Fernandes, Lucilia M.; Campbell, Oona.
Determinants of abortion among women admitted to hospitals in
Fortaleza, North Eastern Brazil. International Journal of
Epidemiology, Vol. 27, No. 5, Oct 1998. 833-9 pp. Oxford, England. In
Eng.
"The aim of this paper is to present the findings on the
determinants and medical characteristics of abortions among women
admitted to hospitals...[in] October 1992 and September 1993 in
Fortaleza, Brazil.... Women with an induced abortion as compared with
those with [who are unlikely to have had an] induced abortion are
younger, more often not married, have fewer children alive and
experienced one or more previous induced abortions. We have not found
any important differences with regard to complication or duration of
stay in hospital."
Correspondence: C. Misago,
Institute of Women and Child Health, 15 Rua Silva Jatahy, Sala 801,
Fortaleza 60165-070, Ceará, Brazil. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
65:10319 Mpangile, Gottlieb S.; Leshabari,
Melckizedek T.; Kaaya, Sylvia; Kihwele, David. Abortion
and unmet need for contraception in Tanzania--the role of male partners
in teenage induced abortion in Dar es Salaam. African Journal of
Reproductive Health/Revue Africaine de la Santé Reproductive,
Vol. 2, No. 2, Oct 1998. 108-21 pp. Benin City, Nigeria. In Eng. with
sum. in Fre.
"This paper presents information from 150 teenage
abortion patients on their knowledge and use history of available
contraceptive methods, and the role played by male partners in
facilitating induced abortions in Dar es Salaam [Tanzania].... Findings
of the study revealed that the majority of young adolescents (88%) did
not know of any method they could use to prevent an unwanted pregnancy.
Further, although the majority of the partners of these teenage girls
advised abortion, less than one third of the men were willing to
identify an abortionist, pay the fees required, or provide assistance
when complications developed."
Correspondence: G. S.
Mpangile, IPPF Regional Office for Africa, Madison Insurance House,
Upper Hill Road/Ngong Road, P.O. Box 30234, Nairobi, Kenya.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:10320 Nossiff, Rosemary.
Discourse, party, and policy: the case of abortion, 1965-1972.
Policy Studies Journal, Vol. 26, No. 2, Summer 1998. 244-56 pp.
Carbondale, Illinois. In Eng.
"The parameters of the
contemporary [U.S.] abortion debate were established in the pre-Roe
period between 1965 and 1972, when groups and forces on the state and
national level competed to redefine the issue in order to pass new
policies regulating it. This article traces the abortion politics of
New York and Pennsylvania, the two states that led the nation in
creating abortion policies before Roe, by looking at the relationship
between the discourses created by various groups, the degree of party
support they received, and the disparate policies that each state
passed as a result."
Correspondence: R. Nossiff,
Rutgers State University, Department of Political Science, Newark, NJ
07102. Location: Princeton University Library (SPIA).
65:10321 Simon, Rita J. Abortion:
statutes, policies, and public attitudes the world over. ISBN
0-275-96060-9. LC 98-14928. 1998. viii, 154 pp. Praeger: Westport,
Connecticut/London, England. In Eng.
This is the first in a planned
series of volumes that will examine major global public policy issues
using an explicitly comparative approach. This volume is concerned with
induced abortion. "Following a brief historical introduction, the
major section of this volume is divided into (1) a report on the legal
statutes pertaining to abortion in the selective countries and (2) an
account of public attitudes toward abortion based on responses to
national public opinion polls. There is also a discussion of the
relationships between the laws and statutes pertaining to abortion and
the nations' policies vis-à-vis population growth and
control."
Correspondence: Praeger Publishers, 88 Post
Road West, Westport, CT 06881. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
65:10322 Tatalovich, Raymond. The
abortion controversy in Canada and the United States.
Canadian-American Public Policy, No. 25, ISBN 1-882582-13-6. Feb 1996.
39 pp. University of Maine, Canadian-American Center: Orono, Maine. In
Eng.
"The political dynamics and policy processes which have
affected the abortion controversy in the United States and Canada offer
a unique opportunity for cross-cultural research on how regimes of
fundamentally unlike character cope with contentious disputes over
morality. While there are excellent case studies of abortion politics
in the United States and in Canada, none offers a comparative
perspective of both countries from common vantage points.... This
comparative analysis offers mixed findings about whether the
similarities or the differences are greater.... The similarities seem
to be rooted in cultural and socio-economic forces, whereas the
differences are linked to institutional
arrangements."
Correspondence: University of Maine,
Canadian-American Center, 154 College Avenue, Orono, ME 04473-1591.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:10323 United States. Centers for Disease
Control and Prevention [CDC] (Atlanta, Georgia). Abortion
surveillance: preliminary analysis--United States, 1996. Morbidity
and Mortality Weekly Report, Vol. 47, No. 47, Dec 4, 1998. 1,025-35 pp.
Atlanta, Georgia. In Eng.
"For 1996, CDC compiled data about
legal induced abortions from the 50 states, New York City, and the
District of Columbia. The total number of legal induced abortions was
available from all reporting areas; however, not all areas collected
information about the characteristics of women who obtained abortions.
This report presents preliminary data for 1996; final abortion data for
1996 will be published during spring 1999."
Correspondence:
U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, Mail
Stop SSOP, Washington, D.C. 20402-9328. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
65:10324 Vach, Trinh Huu; Bishop, Amie; Hoa,
Vuong Thi; Hien, Luong Xuan; Chien, Tran Dinh; Nguyen, Tuong
I. The potential impact of introducing pregnancy testing
into menstrual regulation services in Vietnam. International
Family Planning Perspectives, Vol. 24, No. 4, Dec 1998. 165-9 pp. New
York, New York. In Eng. with sum. in Fre; Spa.
"Researchers
provided pregnancy testing to 923 consecutive women seeking menstrual
regulation at a government clinic in rural Thai Binh Province, Vietnam,
to determine the proportion of unnecessary procedures being performed.
They also estimated the costs and savings of using pregnancy testing
before menstrual regulation.... Of women seeking menstrual regulation,
17% had negative pregnancy tests. If this proportion is applicable to
Vietnam as a whole, some 136,000 of the estimated 800,000 menstrual
regulation procedures performed each year are
unnecessary."
Correspondence: T. H. Vach, Thai Binh
Medical College, Research Center for Rural Population and Health, Thai
Binh, Viet Nam. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
65:10325 West, Robin; Ireland, Patricia;
O'Connor, Karen; McDonagh, Eileen. Breaking the abortion
deadlock? Twenty-five years after Roe v. Wade. Studies in American
Political Development, Vol. 12, No. 1, Spring 1998. 204-28 pp. New
Haven, Connecticut. In Eng.
"In recognition of the intense
debates that continue to surround the question of [U.S.] abortion
rights, the editors present [this] forum, based on Eileen McDonagh's
recent book, Breaking the Abortion Deadlock.... McDonagh forges a bold
constitutional argument for abortion rights, one she places squarely in
the tradition of American liberalism. She reframes the abortion issue,
from a woman's right of privacy...to a woman's right to consent to what
another entity, the fetus, does to her by implanting itself in her
body.... McDonagh's further claim is that reformulating abortion rights
on the basis of a woman's right to consent to pregnancy also invokes a
constitutional right to abortion funding."
Correspondence:
R. West, Georgetown University, 37th and O Streets NW, Washington,
D.C. 20057. Location: Princeton University Library (SF).
65:10326 World Health Organization [WHO]
(Geneva, Switzerland). Unsafe abortion. Global and
regional estimates of incidence of and mortality due to unsafe abortion
with a listing of available country data. Pub. Order No.
WHO/RHT/MSM/97.16. 1998. 109 pp. Geneva, Switzerland. In Eng.
"This document brings together, in a standard format, data on
the incidence of and mortality due to unsafe abortion worldwide. The
tabulations consist of data collected from a variety of sources,
including health service reporting and surveys. Regional and global
estimates have been derived from data in the country listings. A
description of materials and methods is included.... It is estimated
that every year almost 20 million unsafe abortions take place in
developing countries where the risk of death is estimated at 1 in 260
abortion procedures. Worldwide almost 80,000 women die as a consequence
of unsafe abortion."
Correspondence: World Health
Organization, Office of Publications, 1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
Studies on lactation, nutrition, fecundability, sex behavior, menarche and menopause, and other biological factors or social customs as they affect fertility directly. Factors affecting contraceptive practice and factors affecting fertility indirectly are not included here.
65:10327 Manning, J. T.; Scutt, D.;
Lewis-Jones, D. I. Development stability, ejaculate size,
and sperm quality in men. Evolution and Human Behavior, Vol. 19,
No. 5, Sep 1998. 273-82 pp. New York, New York. In Eng.
"There
is accumulating evidence that women prefer symmetric men. This
preference would be adaptive if symmetry was correlated with a fitness
trait such as fertility. We show that, in a sample of 53 men from an
infertility clinic [in Liverpool, England], a measure of overall
absolute fluctuating asymmetry (FA) in digits 2 to 5 was negatively
related to sperm number per ejaculate, sperm speed, and sperm
migration, and overall relative FA was negatively related to sperm
number and sperm speed.... Controlling for weight, height, and age left
sperm number, sperm speed, and sperm migration significantly related to
both absolute and relative FA."
Correspondence: J. T.
Manning, University of Liverpool, School of Biological Science,
Environmental and Evolutionary Biology, Nicholson Building, P.O. Box
147, Liverpool L6G 3BX, England. E-mail: jtmann@liv.ac.uk.
Location: Princeton University Library (SZ).
65:10328 Morabia, Alfredo; Costanza, Michael
C. International variability in ages at menarche, first
livebirth, and menopause. American Journal of Epidemiology, Vol.
148, No. 12, Dec 15, 1998. 1,195-205 pp. Baltimore, Maryland. In Eng.
"This study describes the variability in reproductive factors
[such as menarche, first birth, and menopause] across populations in
Europe, the Americas, Asia, Australia, and Africa. The study sample
consisted of 18,997 women from 13 centers in 11 countries interviewed
between 1979 and 1988 who comprised the control group in a World Health
Organization international, multicenter case-control study of female
cancers.... The median ages at menarche varied across centers from 13
to 16 years. For all centers, the median age at first livebirth was 20
or more years, with the largest observed median (25 years) occurring in
China. The median delay from menarche to first livebirth ranged from 5
to 11 years. Among the centers, the median age at natural menopause
ranged between 49 and 52 years.... These results reveal, perhaps for
the first time, the variability of reproductive histories across
different populations in a large variety of geographic and cultural
settings. Except for menopause, international variability is
substantial for both biologically related variables (age at menarche)
and culturally related variables (age at first birth). There is a
generational effect, characterized by more variability of age at first
birth and delay to first birth in the younger than in the older
generations."
Correspondence: A. Morabia, Geneva
University Hospital, Division of Clinical Epidemiology, 1211 Geneva 14,
Switzerland. Location: Princeton University Library (SZ).
65:10329 Park, Chai Bin; Islam, Mohamed A.;
Chakraborty, Nitai; Kantner, Andrew. Partitioning the
effect of infant and child death on subsequent fertility: an
exploration in Bangladesh. Population Studies, Vol. 52, No. 3, Nov
1998. 345-56 pp. London, England. In Eng.
"A method of
partitioning the fertility impact of infant and child death into two
components--a physiological and a behavioural effect--is proposed by
use of the Cox hazard model with three dummy variables that indicate
the time of child death and the status of breastfeeding with reference
to the return of menstruation postpartum. An application of the method
to the 1991 Bangladesh Contraceptive Prevalence Survey data suggests
that the effect from the physiological mechanism outweighed the effect
from the behaviourial mechanism.... It appears that the effect of a
child death declined over time and an early cessation of breastfeeding
was not the sole cause for invoking the physiological
mechanism."
This paper was originally presented at the 1996
Annual Meeting of the Population Association of
America.
Correspondence: C. B. Park, University of Hawaii,
School of Public Health, 1960 East-West Road, Honolulu, HI 96822.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
Studies on nonmarital fertility, including illegitimacy. Studies of common-law marriage and other forms of cohabitation or voluntary single parenthood are coded under G.1. Marriage and Divorce or G.2. Family and Household.
65:10330 Munoz-Pérez, Francisco;
Prioux, France. Born outside marriage. [Naître
hors mariage.] Population et Sociétés, No. 342, Jan 1999.
4 pp. Institut National d'Etudes Démographiques [INED]: Paris,
France. In Fre.
This is a description of the situation in France
regarding births outside marriage. Currently, 300,000 children are born
outside marriage every year in France, up from 50,000 children per year
just 30 years ago. The authors show how the marked increase in births
outside marriage is closely related to a simultaneous increase in the
number of consensual unions in France. Data are provided on the legal
recognition of children before birth by one or more parents; last names
of children born outside marriage; and marriages of cohabiting parents
after the birth of children.
Correspondence: Institut
National d'Etudes Démographiques, 133 boulevard Davout, 75980
Paris Cedex 20, France. E-mail: ined@ined.fr. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
