Studies with an emphasis on locational patterns and their interpretation.
Studies of rural and urban populations considered together. Studies that are concerned primarily with the movement of population are classified under H. Migration. Studies concerned with the definition of urban or rural areas and with boundary changes are classified here or in O.1. Population Statistics, General Aspects.
65:10043 Iltanen, Jussi.
Statistical indications of ruralization in Finnish towns.
[Tilastot valaisevat Suomen kaupunkien maaseutuistumista.] Terra, Vol.
108, No. 4, 1996. 224-32 pp. Helsinki, Finland. In Fin. with sum. in
Eng.
"There has been a clear tendency to decreasing population
density and increasing rate of primary output in urban municipalities
in Finland in the 20th century. It is a commonly known fact that this
tendency is caused by some rural municipalities changing their status
to urban municipalities and by some rural municipalities incorporating
urban municipalities.... In this article urban regions have been
created, which are quite [the] same as urban municipality districts in
Finland today. In these regions population density has increased in
contrast to urban municipalities each year of compiling these
statistics."
Correspondence: J. Iltanen, University of
Helsinki, Department of Geography, P.O. Box 4, 00014 Helsinki, Finland.
Location: New York Public Library, New York, NY.
65:10044 Locay, Luis. Population
equilibrium in primitive societies. Quarterly Review of Economics
and Finance, Vol. 37, No. 4, Fall 1997. 747-67 pp. Urbana-Champaign,
Illinois. In Eng.
"The aboriginal distribution of population
in North America is found not to be positively related to the richness
of the natural environment, contrary to the predictions of the
Malthusian model, the dominant one in Anthropology. Great abundance of
some resources can encourage nomadism or raise the productivity of
women, two determinants of the cost of children, which I find are
associated with lower aboriginal population density among a sample of
tribes of North American Indians."
Correspondence: L.
Locay, University of Miami, Department of Economics, P.O. Box 248126,
Coral Gables, FL 33124-6550. Location: Princeton University
Library (PF).
Studies of urban populations, including those of metropolitan areas and suburban and semi-urban zones. Also includes studies on urbanization insofar as they relate to the effects of migration on urban areas or the socioeconomic and demographic structure of urban populations. Studies on the actual process of rural-urban migration are coded under H.6. Rural-Urban Migration.
65:10045 Bier, Thomas; Howe, Steven
R. Dynamics of suburbanization in Ohio metropolitan
areas. Urban Geography, Vol. 19, No. 8, Nov-Dec 1998. 695-713 pp.
Palm Beach, Florida. In Eng.
"We conducted two studies on the
dynamics of suburbanization in Ohio's seven largest metropolitan areas.
In the first study, we applied a model for projecting change in the
number of households living in a central city, based on the amount and
location of housing development in the metropolitan area and on the
number of households living in the area. We concluded that declining
household growth coupled with continuing suburban development would
result in greater population losses for cities. In the second study, we
documented the movement of homesellers who had been living in the
central counties of the seven areas. We found that suburban sellers
moved outward and up in price almost as much as city sellers. Movement
out of three of these cities, however, was less than in the other four;
in those three cities, it was more possible to move up in price and
remain in the city."
Correspondence: T. Bier,
Cleveland State University, Levin College of Urban Affairs, 1737 Euclid
Avenue, Room 45, Cleveland, OH 44115. E-mail: tom@wolf.csuohio.edu.
Location: Princeton University Library (PR).
65:10046 Denis, Eric. Urban
growth and socio-spatial dynamics: Cairo from 1950 to 1990.
[Croissance urbaine et dynamique socio-spatiale: le Caire de 1950
à 1990.] Espace Géographique, Vol. 27, No. 2, 1998.
129-42 pp. Paris, France. In Fre.
Urban growth patterns in Cairo,
Egypt, are analyzed over the period 1950-1990. "In the last 40
years, Cairo's population growth has been accompanied by a major shift
in socio-demographic distribution. By using social area analysis models
to measure the spatial structuring of social disparities, we can see
how Cairo society has moved from sectoral segmentation reflecting a
socio-professional hierarchy to a concentric pattern based increasingly
on age differences and family structures."
Correspondence:
E. Denis, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique-CEDEJ, B.P.
494, Dakki, Cairo, Egypt. Location: New York Public Library,
New York, NY.
65:10047 Dick, H. W.; Rimmer, P. J.
Beyond the third world city: the new urban geography of south-east
Asia. Urban Studies, Vol. 35, No. 12, Dec 1998. 2,303-21 pp.
Abingdon, England. In Eng.
"Scholars, as area specialists,
have typified south-east Asian cities as Third World cities and
emphasised their uniquely south-east Asian or even national
characteristics. This paper will argue that the early decades of
decolonisation which gave rise to this perspective were in fact a
transitional phase. In the late colonial period south-east Asian cities
were already becoming more like Western cities. Since the 1980s, in the
era of globalisation, this process of convergence has re-emerged.
Clearly, there should now be a single urban discourse. This is not to
deny that south-east Asian (or Third World) cities have distinctive
elements. The problem is the paradigm which shuts out First World
elements."
Correspondence: H. W. Dick, University of
Melbourne, Department of Business Development and Corporate History,
Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia. E-mail:
hdick@econfac.unimelb.edu.au. Location: Princeton University
Library (UES).
65:10048 Dureau, Françoise.
Residential trajectories and urban recompositions in
Bogotá. [Trajectoires résidentielles et
recompositions urbaines à Bogotá.] Cahiers des
Amériques Latines, No. 22, 1997. 181-200 pp. Paris, France. In
Fre. with sum. in Eng; Spa.
"Since the 1980s the growing
concentration of Bogotá's urban population and of its
metropolitan services have been accompanied by major changes in the
rhythm, components and forms of the capital's development as well as by
rapid, internal reconstruction. In order to consider these changes this
article prioritizes the analysis of residential behaviour by
emphasizing, on the one hand, the relationships between residential
mobility and every day mobility and, on the other hand, between the
micro level of these spatial movements and the macro level of the
production processes of the residential area. It is within this
systemic perspective that the analysis of spatial mobility, as a factor
in the changes which the Colombian capital is currently undergoing, is
contextualized."
Correspondence: F. Dureau, Institut
Français de Recherche Scientifique pour le Développement
en Coopération, 213 rue Lafayette, 75480 Paris Cedex 10, France.
Location: Rutgers University Library, New Brunswick, NJ.
65:10049 Ebanks, G. Edward.
Urbanization in Cuba. Population Studies Centre Discussion
Paper, No. 98-10, ISBN 0-7714-2155-9. Aug 1998. 26 pp. University of
Western Ontario, Population Studies Centre: London, Canada. In Eng.
"The process of urbanization in Cuba has many aspects. This
paper will examine the current level of urbanization, the rate of
growth of the urban population, the cities of Cuba, and the policies
relating to urbanization from about 1950 up to 1996, as well as a look
at projection up to 2020 and 2025."
Correspondence:
University of Western Ontario, Population Studies Centre, London,
Ontario N6A 5C2, Canada. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
65:10050 Giri, Pabitra.
Urbanisation in West Bengal, 1951-1991. Economic and Political
Weekly, Vol. 33, No. 47-48, Nov 21, 1998. 3,033-8 pp. Mumbai, India. In
Eng.
"The paper discusses the urbanisation process in West
Bengal [India] during 1951-91 with reference to the changes in
workforce structure and urban-rural productivity gap. In general the
relative industrial stagnation and the population pressures determined
the urbanisation process in West Bengal in the post-independence
period. Moreover, the agricultural growth and the changed political
scenario since the late 1970s had influenced the
process."
Location: Princeton University Library (PF).
65:10051 Glavac, Sonya M.; Vias, Alexander C.;
Mulligan, Gordon F. Population and employment interactions
in the growth of United States micropolitan centers. Urban
Geography, Vol. 19, No. 7, Oct-Nov 1998. 632-56 pp. Palm Beach,
Florida. In Eng.
"This paper examines population and
employment growth in 219 emerging metropolitan (micropolitan) areas in
the United States during the 1980s. In the spirit of Carlino and Mills
(1987) and Clark and Murphy (1996), a partial adjustment model is used
to examine the simultaneity of population and employment change, while
controlling for the area-specific effects of amenities, fiscal
conditions, and demographic composition, as well as for broad regional
differences. The statistical evidence does not provide strong support
for the simultaneity of micropolitan-area population and employment
change during that decade."
Correspondence: S. M.
Glavac, Sunshine Coast University, Locked Bag No. 4, Maroochydore
South, Queensland 4558, Australia. E-mail: sglavac@scuc.edu.au.
Location: Princeton University Library (PR).
65:10052 Howe, Steven R.; Allor, David; Bier,
Thomas; Finnerty, Thomas; Green, Phyllis. The shrinking
central city amidst growing suburbs: case studies of Ohio's inelastic
cities. Urban Geography, Vol. 19, No. 8, Nov-Dec 1998. 714-34 pp.
Palm Beach, Florida. In Eng.
"Four of Ohio's urban areas have
at their centers `inelastic' cities, or cities unable to grow through
annexation. In this paper, we discuss the post-World War II development
of Cincinnati, Cleveland, Dayton, and Youngstown, Ohio. Their most
important common experience has been the loss of central-city
population and housing units to the suburbs. Except for Cincinnati, the
suburbs of these cities grew between 1970 and 1990 even though the
population of the metropolitan area as a whole decreased. Another
common experience is the degree to which these cities have been harmed
by enhancements to the regional transportation system. The findings
suggest that policies explicitly designed to manage further suburban
sprawl and promote metropolitan cooperation are needed to maintain the
viability of these cities."
Correspondence: S. R.
Howe, University of Cincinnati, Department of Psychology, Cincinnati,
OH 45221. E-mail: steven.howe@uc.edu. Location: Princeton
University Library (PR).
65:10053 Krakover, Shaul. Testing
the turning-point hypothesis in city-size distribution: the Israeli
situation re-examined. Urban Studies, Vol. 35, No. 12, Dec 1998.
2,183-96 pp. Abingdon, England. In Eng.
"This study
re-examines city-size distribution in Israel in selected years between
1948 and 1995, using expanded rank-size distribution functions. Unlike
most previous studies, this analysis is carried out using populations
of metropolitan areas. Utilising this definition, it has been found
that population continued to concentrate at least to the end of the
1980s and at a much higher economic level than anticipated by previous
studies. There are indications that distribution of population in the
urban system of Israel remained more or less stable during the last
five decades."
Correspondence: S. Krakover, Ben-Gurion
University of the Negev, Department of Geography and Environmental
Development, 84105 Beer-Sheva, Israel. E-mail: shaul@bgumail.bgu.ac.il.
Location: Princeton University Library (UES).
65:10054 Portnov, Boris A.; Pearlmutter,
David. Sustainability of population growth: a case study
of urban settlements in Israel. Review of Urban and Regional
Development Studies, Vol. 9, No. 2, Autumn 1997. 129-45 pp. Tokyo,
Japan. In Eng.
"One of the most sensitive criteria for gauging
the degree of socio-economic prosperity of an urban settlement is the
ability to sustain stable rates of population growth by attracting
newcomers and retaining existing population. The present paper argues
that after reaching a particular size (on the average, 20-30,000
residents), urban localities in Israel tend to experience substantial
changes in components of their annual population growth. Starting with
this inflection point, the growth of settlements gradually becomes less
dependent on natural causes (birth and death rates) than on the ability
to attract newcomers and retain current residents. On the basis of this
conclusion, a strategy of `redirecting priorities' to developing the
peripheral regions of the country is
suggested."
Correspondence: B. A. Portnov, Ben-Gurion
University of the Negev, Center for Desert Architecture and Urban
Planning, Sede-Boker Campus, 84990 Israel. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
65:10055 Ranjan, Rajiv. Problems
of growing Indian cities. ISBN 81-85891-07-9. LC 97-906165. 1997.
148 pp. Rajesh Publications: New Delhi, India. In Eng.
The author
examines "the major problems of growing Indian cities with special
reference to the city of Bhagalpur.... The first chapter provides the
introductory background. The geographical background has been analysed
in the second chapter. Problems of growing Indian cities have been
analysed in the third chapter. Chapters [four, five, and six] deal with
physical, economic and social problems of the city of Bhagalpur. The
last chapter provides [a] brief summary, suggestions and
conclusions."
Correspondence: Rajesh Publications, 1
Ansari Road, Darya Ganj, New Delhi 110 002, India. Location:
U.S. Library of Congress, Washington, D.C.
65:10056 Schweitzer, Frank; Steinbrink,
Jens. Estimation of megacity growth: simple rules versus
complex phenomena. Applied Geography, Vol. 18, No. 1, Jan 1998.
69-81 pp. Oxford, England. In Eng.
"The growth of large urban
aggregates (megacities) is analogous to the development of
self-organized structures known in physics. Using empirical data about
changes in the built-up areas of different cities as input, the
self-organizing model employed here suggests that megacities evolve
towards a hierarchical form of spatial organization, and provides
estimates of the size of subclusters that compose the urban
aggregate.... The model has been validated by reproducing the evolution
of the Berlin area over a period of 35 years (1910-45). Using the same
assumptions, the evolution of the built-up area of Daegu (Korea) is
simulated up to the year 2010."
Correspondence: F.
Schweitzer, Humboldt University, Institute of Physics, Unter den Linden
6, 10099 Berlin, Germany. E-mail: frank@physik.hu-berlin.de.
Location: Princeton University Library (FST).
65:10057 Serrano, José M.
Urban growth in Spain, 1950-1991. The end of a process with
negative consequences for the territorial balance. [La croissance
urbaine en Espagne (1950-1991). La fin d'un processus qui eut des
conséquences négatives pour l'équilibre
territorial.] Acta Geographica, Vol. 113, 1998. 51-73 pp. Paris,
France. In Fre. with sum. in Eng.
This is an analysis of
urbanization patterns in Spain during the period 1950-1991. The author
notes that there was a strong current of rural-urban migration over
this time period, mainly to towns with populations of over 10,000,
driven primarily by economic factors. This trend has resulted in
territorial imbalances in the spatial distribution of the population.
The need for more central planning initiatives to deal with these
imbalances is noted.
Correspondence: J. M. Serrano,
Universidad de Murcia, Avenida Teniente Flomesta s/n, Edificio
Convalecencia, 30001 Murcia, Spain. Location: University of
Minnesota Library, Minneapolis, MN.
65:10058 van Kempen, Ronald; van Weesep,
Jan. Ethnic residential patterns in Dutch cities:
backgrounds, shifts and consequences. Urban Studies, Vol. 35, No.
10, Oct 1998. 1,813-33 pp. Abingdon, England. In Eng.
"This
article describes recent trends in the residential patterns of ethnic
minorities, specifically Turks and Moroccans, in Dutch cities.... The
patterns in the big cities are compared to those observed elsewhere in
the country and in other European cities. This brief comparison is
followed by a discussion of how the observed spatial patterns affect
the social life of the groups in question. The article concludes with a
list of factors that are likely to influence the evolution of ethnic
residential patterns in the Netherlands in the near future. There seem
to be ever fewer reasons to believe that the trend towards increasing
segregation in Dutch cities can be
reversed."
Correspondence: R. van Kempen, University
of Utrecht, P.O. Box 80.155, 3508 TC Utrecht, Netherlands. E-mail:
R.vanKempen@geog.uu.nl. Location: Princeton University Library
(UES).
65:10059 van Kempen, Ronald;
Özüekren, A. Sule. Ethnic segregation in cities:
new forms and explanations in a dynamic world. Urban Studies, Vol.
35, No. 10, Oct 1998. 1,631-911 pp. Carfax Publishing: Abingdon,
England. In Eng.
This is a collection of papers on ethnic
segregation in cities worldwide. The introduction offers "an
overview of the explanatory factors of ethnic segregation and spatial
concentration in modern welfare states. After a discussion of the
disadvantages and advantages of segregation and concentration...we will
briefly review some `traditional' theories. That review will be
followed by a closer look at behavioural theories and explanations in
which constraints are central. The next section will collaborate on
restructuring processes, giving special attention to economic change
and its effects on cities, groups and spatial arrangements. We will
conclude this introduction with a few remarks on the future of ethnic
segregation and concentration and outline some possible directions for
future research in this field."
Selected items will be cited in
this or subsequent issues of Population Index.
Correspondence:
Carfax Publishing, P.O. Box 25, Abingdon, Oxfordshire OX14 3UE,
England. Author's E-mail: R.vanKempen@geog.uu.nl. Location:
Princeton University Library (UES).
65:10060 White, Paul. The
settlement patterns of developed world migrants in London. Urban
Studies, Vol. 35, No. 10, Oct 1998. 1,725-44 pp. Abingdon, England. In
Eng.
"The movement of less-skilled labour migrants [into
European cities] has been replaced by the circulation of high-skill
executives and specialist personnel.... To these are added other new
service migrants and increased flows of students and independent young
people. As a result, world cities are now witnessing the emergence of
important categories of non-racialised international migrant groups.
This paper considers whether such groups form distinctive residential
concentrations in Greater London and uses the limited aggregate data
available from the census to establish a general view of the geography
of developed world migrants."
Correspondence: P.
White, University of Sheffield, Department of Geography, Sheffield S10
2TN, England. E-mail: P.White@Sheffield.ac.uk. Location:
Princeton University Library (UES).
Studies of agricultural and farming populations.
65:10061 García, Benjamín;
Paricio, Jesús M. Rural population in Europe and
Spain: future perspectives. [Población rural en Europa y en
España: perspectivas de futuro.] Política y Sociedad,
Vol. 26, Sep-Dec 1997. 95-111 pp. Madrid, Spain. In Spa.
This is an
analysis of current trends in the rural population in the European
Union as a whole and in Spain in particular, using data from UN and
official sources. The authors conclude that, in wealthy countries such
as those examined in the present study, the rural population no longer
suffers from deficiencies in services and a lower quality of life in
comparison with the urban population. As a consequence, the
characteristics of the rural population are
changing.
Correspondence: B. García, Universidad
Complutense de Madrid, Departamento Sociología II, Ciudad
Universitaria, 28040 Madrid, Spain. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
