Studies and documentary statements relating to governmental policy as it affects population.
Studies relating primarily to national and international population policies and development assistance for population activities. Studies of policies affecting the quality of populations that are not covered by L.4. Demographic Factors and Human Genetics are classified under this heading.
64:40705 Campbell, Martha M.
Schools of thought: an analysis of interest groups influential in
international population policy. Population and Environment, Vol.
19, No. 6, Jul 1998. 487-512 pp. New York, New York. In Eng.
"This analysis, written in 1993, explores the relationships
among competing schools of thought in the international population
policy arena. If offers the following observations: (1) Five interest
groups are influential: the population-concerned community, a
market-oriented group, people focusing on equitable distribution of
resources, women's advocates, and the Vatican; (2) Only one of the five
groups wants to draw attention to population growth; the other four all
have other priorities and prefer to reduce attention to demography,
seeing attention to population growth as interfering with their
priorities; (3) Any attempt to base policy on identified common ground
in this situation would result in asymmetry, turning policy attention
away from population growth."
Correspondence: M. M.
Campbell, David and Lucile Packard Foundation, 300 Second Street, Los
Altos, CA 94022. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:40706 Casas Torres, José M.
World population policy. [La política
demográfica mundial.] In: La explosión demográfica
y la regulación de la natalidad, edited by José Botella
Llusiá and Salustiano del Campo Urbano. 1997. 71-82 pp.
Editorial Síntesis: Madrid, Spain. In Spa.
Recent global
population trends are first described. The author then shows how the
United Nations has gradually developed what could be described as a
global population policy through a series of international conferences
and the setting up of the United Nations Population Fund [UNFPA] within
the UN system in order to carry out population
projects.
Correspondence: J. M. Casas Torres, Universidad
Complutense de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:40707 Chamratrithirong, Aphichat.
The need for another revolution after the reproductive revolution
in Thailand. Journal of Population and Social Studies, Vol. 7, No.
1, Jul 1998. 1-20 pp. Nakhon Pathom, Thailand. In Eng. with sum. in
Tha.
"Demographers argue that Thai population policy should
not be an attempt to influence fertility anymore, but rather be more
focused on the distribution of population and the quality of the
population.... However, the quality of the population is not only a
policy option, but with current disadvantageous situations including
the threats of illegal immigrants, it is a must.... The country needs
to have, after the reproductive revolution of the past three decades,
another revolution, to complete this task."
Correspondence:
A. Chamratrithirong, Mahidol University, Institute for Population
and Social Research, 25/25 Puthamontol, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand.
E-mail: pracr@mahidol.ac.th. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
64:40708 Grimes, Seamus. From
population control to "reproductive rights": ideological
influences in population policy. Third World Quarterly, Vol. 19,
No. 3, 1998. 375-93 pp. Abingdon, England. In Eng.
"This paper
examines some of the ideological influences which have shaped
population control policy in recent decades and considers the emerging
critique of what is now widely regarded as a narrowly focused policy,
based on a simplistic definition and analysis of population growth in
the less developed world.... Attention is given to the critical role of
professional demographers in the USA, who tailored their theories to
provide a respectable justification for questionable policy
intervention."
Correspondence: S. Grimes, National
University of Ireland, Department of Geography, Galway, Ireland.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:40709 Ipsen, Carl. Population
policy in the age of fascism: observations on recent literature.
Population and Development Review, Vol. 24, No. 3, Sep 1998. 579-92,
670-1 pp. New York, New York. In Eng. with sum. in Fre; Spa.
"This essay explores generally the literature on population
policy in interwar Western Europe that has emerged in the past 15 years
or so and considers in depth several dealing with the Italian Fascist
`demographic battle', the topic of the author's own research.
Population policy (and theory) in that period inevitably overlapped
with eugenic and racial concerns, and those issues are considered as
well. The recent proliferation of national studies--on Britain,
Germany, and Italy, but surprisingly not France--argues for a new
synthesis."
Correspondence: C. Ipsen, Indiana
University, History Department, Bloomington, IN 47405. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:40710 Oostra, Doeke J. The
European umbrella organisation for population policy. Population
and Environment, Vol. 19, No. 6, Jul 1998. 513-31 pp. New York, New
York. In Eng.
This is a collection of brief notes by different
authors on the efforts of European Community member countries' efforts
to set up a European population policy. Contributions are included on
Belgium, Switzerland, the United Kingdom, Denmark, and the
Netherlands.
Correspondence: D. J. Oostra,
Espérance, Postbus 137, 8300 AC Emmeloord, Netherlands.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:40711 United Nations Population Fund
[UNFPA] (Nouakchott, Mauritania). Mauritania. An
analytical report on the program and a description of its
strategy. [Mauritanie. Rapport d'analyse du programme et
d'élaboration de la stratégie.] Jul 1997. [vii], 61 pp.
Nouakchott, Mauritania. In Fre.
Prepared by a mission jointly
sponsored by the government and UNFPA, this is a report on population
policies and programs carried out in Mauritania during the period
1992-1996. The focus is on using past experience to draw up
recommendations for a population program for the period
1998-2001.
Correspondence: United Nations Population Fund,
Ilot K 159-161, Boite Postale 620, Nouakchott, Mauritania. E-mail:
fo.mrt@undp.org. Location: Population Council Library, New
York, NY.
Government policies aimed at directly influencing fertility and nuptiality, and policies with an indirect effect on fertility such as family allowances, pregnancy and maternity benefits, infant welfare measures, and government regulation of fertility controls, including abortion.
64:40712 Baechler, Jean. A family
policy. [Une politique de la famille.] Commentaire, Vol. 21, No.
81, Spring 1998. 137-45 pp. Paris, France. In Fre.
The author
outlines the theoretical components of an effective family policy in
the modern state, with particular reference to France. He suggests that
the primary objective should be to encourage the formation and
development of the "natural household", which he defines as
comprising two parents of the opposite sex and four or five children.
Two strategies should be considered in developing such a policy: the
negative aspects would involve removing existing barriers, such as
taxation, that prevent parents from choosing to create such natural
households; the positive aspects would be to fully compensate women who
undertake this task of reproduction to the level of income that they
would have earned if they had not decided to have large
families.
Correspondence: J. Baechler, Université de
Paris-Sorbonne, 191 rue Saint-Jacques, 75005 Paris, France.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:40713 Bichot, Jacques. Family
policy: anatomy of a conflict. [Politique familiale: les logiques
d'un conflit.] Commentaire, Vol. 21, No. 81, Spring 1998. 159-66 pp.
Paris, France. In Fre.
The basic elements of a family policy for
France are discussed in the light of the current political debate. The
author notes that the family policies inaugurated following World War
II are no longer either efficient or appropriate. He suggests that
changes are needed that would affect not only family allowances, but
also the financing of health insurance, education, and the right to a
pension. In particular, the author proposes that those who take on the
responsibilities and costs of having and raising children should be
entitled to a state pension upon reaching retirement
age.
Correspondence: J. Bichot, Université
Lumière Lyon 2, 86 rue Pasteur, 69365 Lyon Cedex 07, France.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:40714 Bongaarts, John. The
role of family planning programmes in contemporary fertility
transitions. In: The continuing demographic transition, edited by
G. W. Jones et al. 1997. 422-43 pp. Clarendon Press: Oxford, England.
In Eng.
"The implementation of family planning programmes has
been the principal population policy instrument in the developing world
over the past few decades. This paper reviews the controversy over the
role these programmes have played in reducing fertility. Opposing views
on a number of contentious issues (for example the significance of
unmet need and unwanted fertility) are summarized and a consensus
position is presented."
Correspondence: J. Bongaarts,
Population Council, Research Division, One Dag Hammarskjold Plaza, New
York, NY 10017. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:40715 Hureaux, Roland. A new
look at policies for children. [Pour une nouvelle réflexion
sur la politique de l'enfant.] Commentaire, Vol. 21, No. 81, Spring
1998. 147-57 pp. Paris, France. In Fre.
The current situation
concerning family policy in France is reviewed. The author notes that
such policies are under attack both from the left of the political
spectrum, in conjunction with attacks on the traditional nuclear family
per se, as well as from the right, which sees such policies as
intrusions by the state into an area that should remain the exclusive
domain of the individual family. He claims that the evidence that
pro-family policies can raise fertility is undeniable, and suggests
that the state has an obligation to intervene in this area if it wishes
the nation under its governance to survive. Furthermore, he notes that
most surveys of public opinion indicate that the ideal number of
children is 2.6 per woman, which would be sufficient to ensure a
reasonable rate of population growth: the objective of population
policy should therefore be to enable people to have the number of
children that they would like to have.
Correspondence: R.
Hureaux, Université de Toulouse I (Sciences Sociales), Place
Anatole France, 31042 Toulouse Cedex, France. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:40716 McIntosh, Alison.
European population policy in the twentieth century: is it relevant
for Australia? People and Place, Vol. 6, No. 3, 1998. 1-16 pp.
Clayton, Australia. In Eng.
"The purpose of this essay is to
present a brief account of European efforts to increase fertility, if
possible to replacement level. While the Soviet Union and eastern
European countries led the field in introducing pronatalist policies in
the 1960s, the focus here will be on western Europe. Because western
European nations share the pluralistic, liberal democratic polity and
society that characterises Australia, comparisons with Australia will
be more valid." Aspects considered include government responses to
low fertility, policy efforts after 1965, political and policy
contexts, and population policy in the 1990s.
Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:40717 McNicoll, Geoffrey. The
governance of fertility transition: reflections on the Asian
experience. In: The continuing demographic transition, edited by
G. W. Jones et al. 1997. 365-82 pp. Clarendon Press: Oxford, England.
In Eng.
"The argument I made here is that [the]
political-administrative dimension is...important for the course of
fertility--not least in illuminating most of what matters in
antinatalist policy.... The two countries most drawn on are Indonesia
and Thailand.... A side look is also taken at some other Asian
experience, notably India. From these accounts are distilled some more
general observations about governance and fertility, bearing both on
what is special about the region and on the thorny issue of
transferability of experience."
Correspondence: G.
McNicoll, Australian National University, Research School of Social
Sciences, Demography Program, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:40718 Portugese, Jacqueline.
Fertility policy in Israel: the politics of religion, gender, and
nation. ISBN 0-275-96098-6. LC 97-49490. 1998. xv, 212 pp.
Praeger: Westport, Connecticut. In Eng.
"The aim of this book
is twofold. Its first goal is to demonstrate that despite the lack of
an official policy on national fertility, the Israeli government has
introduced numerous measures that taken as a whole constitute an
`unofficial' policy designed to increase the Jewish fertility rate and
decrease that of the Arabs. These measures include the setting in place
of socio-economic incentives for prospective mothers or parents; the
deliberate obstruction of women's access to reproductive technologies
that could be used to prevent or terminate a pregnancy, such as
contraception and abortion; and the promotion of those technologies
that treat infertility, such as in vitro fertilization (IVF). The
book's second objective is to explain how the pronatalist orientation
of successive Israeli governments has been shaped by the micro and
macro political considerations mentioned above. In order to accomplish
this talk, I will discuss the Zionist origins of the state and the
`demographic war' legacy that they have left behind. The role of the
religious establishment in the formal political sphere will also be
taken into consideration as will the influence of familism and
patriarchy. Finally, I will examine various demographic and economic
forces that are relatively autonomous from the influence of the
state."
Correspondence: Praeger Publishers, 88 Post
Road West, Westport, CT 06881. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
Government policies relating to emigration, immigration, and population resettlement. See also the appropriate categories under H. Migration that include general studies also covering policy issues.
64:40719 Baldwin-Edwards, Martin.
The Greek regularization--a comparative analysis with the Spanish,
Portuguese and Italian experiences. Centre for Euro-Mediterranean
Studies Research Paper, [1998]. [11] pp. University of Reading,
Graduate School of European and International Studies: Reading,
England. In Eng.
The author discusses immigration law in Greece,
and compares the country's situation with that in Italy, Portugal, and
Spain. Sections are included on the labor market; unemployment and the
black economy; immigration law in the four countries; and the prospects
for regularization of policy in Greece. The full text of this paper is
available on the Web at http://www.rdg.ac.uk.
Correspondence:
M. Baldwin-Edwards, European University Institute, Via dei
Roccettini 9, 50016 San Domenico di Fiesole, Florence, Italy.
64:40720 Blos, Michael; Fischer, Peter A.;
Straubhaar, Thomas. The impact of migration policy on the
labour market performance of migrants: a comparative case study.
New Community, Vol. 23, No. 4, Oct 1997. 511-35 pp. Abingdon, England.
In Eng.
"This article investigates the impact of migration
policy on the labour market performance of migrants in Sweden and
Switzerland. It concentrates on the income and employment of groups of
foreign residents relative to natives and looks at socio-demographic
characteristics and educational policies. In so far as declared goals
are concerned, the Swedish and the Swiss migration policies reflect
opposite approaches. From its aims and instruments, the Swiss policy
has been economically oriented, considering migrants as merely
temporary guests.... The Swedish policy has emphasised humanitarian and
political aspects, rejecting migration for economic labour market
reasons and aiming at the long-term integration of foreigners once
admitted to the country."
Correspondence: M. Blos,
Universität der Bundeswehr Hamburg, Holstenhofweg 85, 2000 Hamburg
70, Germany. Location: Princeton University Library (FST).
64:40721 Bonetti, Paolo. A
preliminary appraisal of the new Italian immigration law. [La
nuova legge italiana sull'immigrazione: una prima lettura.] Studi
Emigrazione/Migration Studies, Vol. 35, No. 129, 1998. 137-49 pp. Rome,
Italy. In Ita.
The author attempts to provide a preliminary
analysis of the likely impact of the new legislation concerning
immigration that was adopted in Italy in March 1998. This law has three
main objectives, which are to improve the efficiency of immigrant labor
flows, to reduce levels of illegal migration, and to improve the
process of integration of legal migrants.
Correspondence:
P. Bonetti, Università degli Studi di Milano,
Facoltà di Giurisprudenza, Via Festa del Perdono 7, 20122 Milan,
Italy. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:40722 de Beer, J. What is the
effect of immigration policy? [Welk effect heeft het
immigratiebeleid?] Maandstatistiek van de Bevolking, Vol. 46, No. 8,
Aug 1998. 10-2 pp. Voorburg, Netherlands. In Dut. with sum. in Eng.
"In 1993 and 1994 the Dutch government took new measures in
order to restrict immigration. The effect of these measures on the size
of immigration is estimated by adding intervention variables to a
regression model in which immigration is explained by a linear trend
and the unemployment rate.... It is estimated that immigration in
1994-1997 was 20% lower than it would have been if the restrictive
measures had not been taken."
Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
64:40723 Fassin, Didier; Morice, Alain;
Quiminal, Catherine. The laws of inhospitality:
immigration policies and the test posed by undocumented
immigrants. [Les lois de l'inhospitalité: les politiques de
l'immigration à l'épreuve des sans-papiers.] ISBN
2-7071-2743-4. 1997. 278 pp. Editions La Découverte: Paris,
France. In Fre.
This is a collection of studies by various authors
on topics related to the presence of illegal, or undocumented,
immigrants in France. The general view of the book is that the changes
adopted over the past 20 years in the laws affecting immigration have
encouraged the development of xenophobic and racist attitudes toward
immigrants in general, although they were primarily designed to
facilitate the integration of legal immigrants and accelerate the
expulsion of illegal immigrants. The contributors suggest that French
society has been weakened by this attack on the social contract,
involving limits to the right of asylum, barriers to reuniting
families, insecurities in the workplace, and increased tolerance of
racism, which have combined to undermine the foundations of democracy.
The case is made for the adoption of more liberal immigration
laws.
Correspondence: Editions La Découverte, 9 bis
rue Abel-Hovelacque, 75013 Paris, France. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
64:40724 Groenendijk, Kees.
Regulating ethnic immigration: the case of the
Aüssiedler. New Community, Vol. 23, No. 4, Oct 1997. 461-82
pp. Abingdon, England. In Eng.
"The migration of ethnic
Germans to Germany is one of the major migration movements to Western
Europe after 1950. The efforts of successive German governments to
regulate and control the immigration of Aüssiedler may well give
some insight into the capacities of governments of democratic states to
regulate immigration. This article gives a historical overview of the
various instruments used by the German government in order to regulate
the immigration of Aüssiedler. The effect of those instruments on
the migration movement and the relative (in)effectiveness of the policy
instruments are explored on the basis of a comparison of the migration
from Poland, Romania and the former USSR."
Correspondence:
K. Groenendijk, University of Nijmegen, Comeniuslaan 4, P.O. Box
9201, 6500 HC Nijmegen, Netherlands. Location: Princeton
University Library (FST).
64:40725 Hu, Su-yun; Zhao, Min. A
study of the management mode of a rural migrant community. Chinese
Journal of Population Science, Vol. 9, No. 4, 1997. 337-46 pp. New
York, New York. In Eng.
"This paper reviews the current
government policy regarding the management of rural migrants and the
current situation for rural migrants in Shanghai City [China]. The
authors indicate in this paper that the current system for managing
rural migrants in Shanghai City, which mainly relies on the police
department, is not very effective. The authors think that the
residents' committee, the basic unit of the community in China, is a
more effective way to manage and serve the rural migrant
community."
Correspondence: S.-y. Hu, Shanghai Social
Science Academy, Research Center for Population and Economic
Development, Shanghai, China. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
64:40726 Lobo, Arun P.; Salvo, Joseph
J. Changing U.S. immigration law and the occupational
selectivity of Asian immigrants. International Migration Review,
Vol. 32, No. 3, Fall 1998. 737-60 pp. Staten Island, New York. In Eng.
"This study examines whether recent Asian immigrant flows [to
the United States] are less selective (measured by the share of
professionals among entering immigrants) than earlier ones and analyzes
how changes in immigration law have affected occupational selectivity.
It does this by first examining shifts in the categories of admission
utilized by Asian immigrants since 1965 and by analyzing the
occupational characteristics of these immigrants by their categories of
admission.... The focus is on the following Asian source countries:
Mainland China, India, Korea, the Philippines, and Vietnam. Two-thirds
of all immigrants from Asia since the 1965 law went into effect
emigrated from these countries."
Correspondence: A. P.
Lobo, New York City Department of City Planning, 22 Reade Street, New
York, NY 10007. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:40727 Money, Jeannette. No
vacancy: the political geography of immigration control in advanced
industrial countries. International Organization, Vol. 51, No. 4,
Autumn 1997. 685-720 pp. Cambridge, Massachusetts. In Eng.
"This article examines the domestic political sources of
immigration control in advanced market economy countries after World
War II.... I briefly describe the distinctive patterns of immigration
in selected OECD countries and the standard explanations advanced to
account for these patterns. I explain...how the geographic
concentration of immigrant communities affects the domestic
distribution of costs and benefits associated with immigration control
policies.... I illustrate the model with an analysis of British
immigration policy.... I compare the analysis with the British
literature on immigration control to evaluate the power of the general
framework against country-specific
explanations."
Correspondence: J. Money, University of
California, Department of Political Science, Davis, CA 95616-8682.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:40728 Papademetriou, Demetrios G.;
Aleinikoff, T. Alexander; Meyers, Deborah W. Reorganizing
the U.S. immigration function: toward a new framework for
accountability. International Migration Policy Program, No. 7,
ISBN 0-87003-138-4. LC 98-73642. 1998. viii, 63 pp. Carnegie Endowment
for International Peace: Washington, D.C. In Eng.
The authors
"examine whether the institutional framework that has been created
[in the United States] to manage immigration meets fair and reasonable
expectations of program integrity and delivery and--if it does not--to
offer appropriate alternatives. Our premise is that immigration can
best be managed in the context of laws grounded in a realistic policy
vision, and appreciation of the relationship of immigration to other
major domestic policy priorities, and clarity about the international
objectives and obligations of the United States." Chapters are
included on the U.S. government's immigration function; the history of
that function; reorganization and restructuring; problems with the
current structure; principles and elements of reform; and proposals for
change.
Correspondence: Carnegie Endowment for
International Peace, 1779 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC
20036. E-mail: carnegie@ceip.org. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
64:40729 Sassen, Saskia. The
de-facto transnationalizing of immigration policy. Jean Monnet
Chair Papers, No. 33, LC 96-22379. 1996. 36 pp. European University
Institute, Robert Schuman Centre: Florence, Italy. In Eng.
The
author explores some implications of the growing trend toward
globalization--involving the lifting of certain border controls
affecting the flow of capital, information, and services--for
traditional concepts of national sovereignty and the rights of
countries to control the flow of immigrants and refugees. "I will
focus first on the constraints faced by the state in highly developed
countries in the making of immigration policy today, and then on the
constraints resulting from the state's role in the implementation of
global economic processes and institutions. In the final section I
discuss the implications of these two types of constraints for
immigration policy making and
implementation."
Correspondence: European University
Institute, Robert Schuman Centre, Via dei Roccettini 9, 50016 San
Domenico di Fiesole, Florence, Italy. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
64:40730 Seifert, Wolfgang.
Admission policy, patterns of migration and integration: the German
and French case compared. New Community, Vol. 23, No. 4, Oct 1997.
441-60 pp. Abingdon, England. In Eng.
The author examines
"different concepts of citizenship and nationality [that] prevail
in Germany and in France. These differences lead to different patterns
of migration into these countries and to different policies governing
the integration of migrants.... This article will show for the German
case, but also with reference to France, how a given immigration policy
leads to the establishment of a given migration pattern. Germany and
France have in common the recruitment [of] a great number of foreign
workers in the period of economic prosperity after the end of the
Second World War. These workers were employed predominantly in
industrialised mass production and in heavy industry.... Migration
patterns, and policies governing immigration and integration, varied
considerably up until the freeze in recruitment of 1973 (Germany) and
1974 (France). Thereafter, immigration policies in France and Germany
came to resemble each other, and to focus upon the limitation of
further movement."
Correspondence: W. Seifert,
Humboldt-Universität, Unter den Linden, 10099 Berlin, Germany.
Location: Princeton University Library (FST).
64:40731 Wihtol de Wenden, Catherine.
Immigration: the meanderings of a reform. [Immigration: les
méandres de la réforme.] Banquet, No. 11, Feb 1998.
187-95 pp. Paris, France. In Fre.
The current confusion in France
in 1997 concerning the reform of immigration legislation is described.
The author also examines changes in such legislation in France from
1945 to 1997.
Correspondence: C. Wihtol de Wenden, Centre
National de la Recherche Scientifique (CERI I), 15 quai Anatole France,
75700 Paris, France. Location: New York Public Library, New
York, NY.
64:40732 Zheng, Xinzhen.
Strategic thinking regarding the immigration issue in Guangdong
Province. Chinese Journal of Population Science, Vol. 9, No. 4,
1997. 299-306 pp. New York, New York. In Eng.
"Many people
have been moving to Guangdong Province from other parts of China since
1978. This paper analyzes the immigration issue in the province and
suggests that the provincial government should handle this matter
carefully and should give consideration to both national (Chinese) and
regional (Guangdong Province) interests. The government of Guangdong
Province should place priority on admitting a work force with higher
education or higher work skills, which will promote the economic
progress of the province."
Correspondence: X. Zheng,
Guangdong Social Science Academy, Institute of Social Science,
Guangdong, China. Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
