Studies concerned with the relations between population factors as a whole and noneconomic factors. Relations affecting a single demographic variable are coded under the variable concerned and not in this division. Studies concerned equally with economic and social factors are coded under K.1.1. General Economic Development and Population.
Studies on interrelations with education, religion, social change, and socioeconomic status.
64:40665 Carrière, Yves.
The impact of demographic aging on the provision of social and
health services to the elderly who are becoming less independent:
institutionalization and help in the home. [L'incidence du
vieillissement démographique sur les services sociosanitaires
destinés aux personnes âgées en perte d'autonomie:
institutionalisation et aide à domicile.] Collection de
Thèses et Mémoires, No. 44, Mar 1996. ix, 178, xxiii pp.
Université de Montréal, Département de
Démographie: Montreal, Canada. In Fre.
This doctoral thesis,
which is not an official publication of the Department of Demography at
Montreal University, deals with the impact of demographic aging on the
provision of social and health services in Canada to an elderly
population that is becoming increasingly dependent on others for the
basic necessities of life. The data are primarily from a 1987 survey on
social security in old age and pensions, entitled l'Enquête sur
les Prestataires de la Sécurité de la Vieillesse et du
Régime de Pensions du Canada. The process of the
institutionalization of the elderly and the provision of services for
them at their places of private residence are examined
separately.
Correspondence: Université de
Montréal, Département de Démographie, C.P. 6128,
Succursale Centre-Ville, Montreal, Quebec H3C 3J7, Canada.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:40666 Case, Anne; Deaton, Angus.
Large cash transfers to the elderly in South Africa. Economic
Journal, Vol. 108, No. 450, Sep 1998. 1,330-61 pp. Oxford, England. In
Eng.
"We examine the social pension in South Africa, where
large cash sums--about twice the median per capita income of African
households--are paid to people qualified by age but irrespective of
previous contributions. We present the history of the scheme and use a
1993 nationally representative survey to investigate the redistributive
consequences of the transfers, documenting who receive the pensions,
their levels of living, and those of their families. We also look at
behavioural effects, particularly the effects of the cash receipts on
the allocation of income to food, schooling, transfers, and
savings."
Correspondence: A. Case, Princeton
University, Department of Economics, Princeton, NJ 08544-1021.
Location: Princeton University Library (PF).
64:40667 Gauthier, Hervé; Asselin,
Suzanne; Beaupré, Michel; Duchesne, Louis; Jean, Sylvie;
Laroche, Denis; Nobert, Yves; St-Laurent, Danielle. From
one generation to another: changes in living conditions, Volume 2.
[D'une génération à l'autre: évolution des
conditions de vie, Volume II.] ISBN 2-551-19005-3. Jul 1998. 261 pp.
Bureau de la Statistique du Québec: Quebec, Canada. In Fre.
This is the continuation of a study that examines how life is
changing in the Canadian province of Quebec from one generation to the
next. In this volume there are chapters on mortality and fertility; two
of the main causes of death, cancer and suicide; migration; the
economically active population; consumption; housing and car ownership;
and educational mobility.
For Volume 1, published in 1997, see
63:30686.
Correspondence: Bureau de la Statistique de
Québec, 200 chemin Sainte-Foy, Quebec, Quebec G1R 5T4, Canada.
Author's E-mail: herve.gauthier@bsq.gouv.qc.ca. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:40668 Huang, Rongquing; Nanjo,
Zenji. Measurement of social development in China using
the literate life expectancy. Jinkogaku Kenkyu/Journal of
Population Studies, No. 22, May 1998. 25-30 pp. Tokyo, Japan. In Jpn.
The authors investigate whether the concept of "literate life
expectancy" developed by Lutz and others can be used as a measure
of social development in China.
Location: Princeton
University Library (Gest).
64:40669 Huddle, Donald L.
Post-1969 immigration and the example of the insolvency of the
Social Security system. Population and Environment, Vol. 19, No.
6, Jul 1998. 533-9 pp. New York, New York. In Eng.
"Advocates
of immigration to save [U.S.] Social Security...assume that a
pay-as-you-go system will work over the long run.... The present case
study shows that trust in immigration to save Social Security is
seriously misplaced, and it quantifies the shortfall.... This analysis
of the post-1969 immigrant sector Social Security account is a portion
of the first comprehensive study of the public sector costs of
immigration."
Correspondence: D. L. Huddle, Rice
University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, TX 77005-1892. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:40670 Mason, Karen O. Gender
and demographic change: what do we know? In: The continuing
demographic transition, edited by G. W. Jones et al. 1997. 158-82 pp.
Clarendon Press: Oxford, England. In Eng.
"This chapter
reviews what is known about the relationship between gender systems and
demographic change.... The next section discusses some inherent
difficulties in studying the links between gender and demographic
change using the quantitative approaches favoured by demographers....
Subsequent sections consider what is known about the impact of gender
systems on fertility and mortality, respectively; a further section
briefly reviews ideas about the impact of demographic change on gender
systems."
Correspondence: K. O. Mason, East-West
Center, Program on Population, 1601 East-West Road, Honolulu, HI
96848-1601. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:40671 Morocco. Centre d'Etudes et de
Recherches Démographiques [CERED] (Rabat, Morocco).
Gender and development: socio-demographic and cultural aspects of
sexual differentiation. [Genre et développement: aspects
socio-démographiques et culturels de la différenciation
sexuelle.] Etudes Démographiques, ISBN 9981-1949-0-5. [1998].
324 pp. Rabat, Morocco. In Fre.
This report examines some of the
problems related to the perceived roles of men and women in Morocco and
considers how these problems affect the country's efforts to achieve
satisfactory levels of socioeconomic development. There are chapters on
the prevalent attitude toward the role of women in society, differences
in educational opportunity by sex, demographic change and relations
between the sexes, relations between the sexes in the rural
environment, sex roles and the female contribution to decision making,
and the legal situation concerning women's
rights.
Correspondence: Centre d'Etudes et de Recherches
Démographiques, B.P. 178, avenue Maâ El Ainine, 10001
Rabat, Morocco. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:40672 Nunes, Brasilmar F.
Brazil, a country of the young? [Le Brésil, un pays de
jeunes?] Nouvelles Pratiques Sociales, Vol. 9, No. 2, Autumn 1996.
169-86 pp. Montreal, Canada. In Fre.
The relationship between
demographic trends and social development in a developing country is
explored. The author notes that in countries like Brazil, where a
significant percentage of the population is excluded from the benefits
of social and economic progress, different levels of citizenship emerge
associated with such inequalities. One result of past demographic
trends has been rapid rates of urbanization and increases in urban
poverty. The fact that fertility is now falling means that the
percentage of young people in the population as a whole is declining,
and therefore it is reasonable to look forward to a decline in overall
poverty as these demographic pressures become less
acute.
Correspondence: B. F. Nunes, Universidade de
Brasília, Departamento de Sociologia, Campus
Universitário Asa Norte, 70910-900 Brasília DF, Brazil.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:40673 Schmid, Josef. Built on
sand? The community of fate linking generations and the generation
contract. [Auf Sand gebaut? Die Schicksalsgemeinschaft von
Generation und Generationenvertrag.] Zeitschrift für
Bevölkerungswissenschaft, Vol. 22, No. 2-3, 1997. 217-38 pp.
Wiesbaden, Germany. In Ger. with sum. in Eng; Fre.
"The author
takes up a theme in which demography and social policy are very closely
connected. `The generation contract', or the succession of generations
in terms of social and economic policy, affects all areas of politics
that are influenced by population development. Here, we have the
opportunity to closely and comprehensively examine the relationship
between labour force and the dependent age groups (youth and retired
age group).... The emphasis is on population movements of `post
industrialism', which had led to a continued deficit in the number of
births and increasing life expectancy in the old-age groups." The
geographical focus is on developed countries.
Correspondence:
J. Schmid, Universität Bamberg, Lehrstuhl für
Bevölkerungswissenschaft, Hornthalstraße 2, 96047 Bamberg,
Germany. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:40674 Thøgersen,
Øystein. A note on intergenerational risk sharing
and the design of pay-as-you-go pension programs. Journal of
Population Economics, Vol. 11, No. 3, 1998. 373-8 pp. Berlin, Germany.
In Eng.
"Different versions of pay-as-you-go public pension
programs may have entirely different effects on the intergenerational
distribution of income risk. If the pension benefit is a fixed
proportion of previous labor income, a pay-as-you-go program increases
the net income risk of all generations. On the other hand, a
pay-as-you-go program characterized by a fixed labor income tax rate
and uncertain pension benefits provides intergenerational risk
sharing."
Correspondence: Ø. Thøgersen,
Norwegian School of Economics and Business Administration, Institute of
Economics, Helleveien 30, 5035 Bergen-Sandviken, Norway. E-mail:
oystein.thorgersen@snf.no. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
64:40675 Todisco, Enrico.
Immigrants and the Italian educational system. [Les
immigrés et le système éducatif italien.]
Migrations Société, Vol. 10, No. 55, Jan-Feb 1998. 51-66
pp. Paris, France. In Fre.
The educational needs of immigrants in
Italy are described and some recent data on the presence of foreigners
in the educational system are analyzed. The author notes that the
percentage of foreigners in the system is growing very fast, with
annual growth rates exceeding 19%, whereas the percentage of Italians
is decreasing by about 1.7% due to the decline in fertility. The
analysis is presented separately for the various levels of education,
the regions of Italy, and the continent of origin of the foreign
children concerned.
Correspondence: E. Todisco,
Università degli Studi di Roma La Sapienza, Facoltà di
Economia, Dipartimento di Studi Geoeconomici, Statistici, e Storici per
l'Analisi Regionale, Via del Castro Laurenziano 9, Rome 00161, Italy.
E-mail: todisco@scec.eco.uniroma1.it. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
64:40676 van Dijk, Frans. Private
support and social security. Journal of Population Economics, Vol.
11, No. 3, 1998. 345-71 pp. Berlin, Germany. In Eng.
"The
issue is addressed whether assistance to persons in need can be left to
the `family' and the `community'. In that case people depend on their
social networks. The support a person receives through a given network
of social ties is examined. However, ties are diverse and subject to
change. By means of a model of the dynamics of social ties, the
conditions for adequate private support are analyzed. The
sustainability of private support over time is examined by
incorporating the impact on social ties of lending and receiving
support. It is shown that support is only an effective alternative in a
limited number of situations."
Correspondence: F. van
Dijk, University of Amsterdam, Department of Economics, Roeterstraat
11, 1018 WB Amsterdam, Netherlands. E-mail: fransd@fee.uva.nl.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:40677 Watkins, Susan C.; Rutenberg, Naomi;
Wilkinson, David. Orderly theories, disorderly women.
In: The continuing demographic transition, edited by G. W. Jones et al.
1997. 213-45 pp. Clarendon Press: Oxford, England. In Eng.
"In
this paper we examine the interaction of global social change and
gender in the context of South Nyanza District, Kenya.... After setting
the stage by describing the control of women in demographic and
anthropological theories, we briefly describe our data and methods, the
economic characteristics of the area, and the extent of contraceptive
use there. We then consider the ways in which opportunities offered by
economic development and family planning programmes permit women to
evade male control, and men's reactions to this
threat."
Correspondence: S. C. Watkins, University of
Pennsylvania, Department of Sociology, 3718 Locust Walk, Philadelphia,
PA 19104-6298. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
Studies on the political aspects of population growth, including the demographic impact of war.
64:40678 Bookman, Milica Z. The
demographic struggle for power: the political economy of demographic
engineering in the modern world. ISBN 0-7146-4732-2. LC 96-38905.
1997. [x], 273 pp. Frank Cass: London, England/Portland, Oregon. In
Eng.
This book is concerned with the demographic struggle for power
between ethnic or religious groups that is currently going on in many
countries in the modern world. The purpose of these struggles is to
increase the numbers, and consequently the political and economic
power, of a specific ethnic or religious group at the expense of other
groups in a given country or region. Two main questions are posed:
"First, what is it that ethnic groups think they can achieve by
augmenting their numbers? To answer this, the link between the size of
an ethnic group and its economic and political power is to be
identified.... Second, by what methods do leaders of ethnic groups
actually manipulate demographic characteristics in their struggle for
power? Do they just wage wars to exterminate their opponents, or are
there in fact more subtle components to their efforts? This study
analyzes such demographic alterations as caused by pronatalist
policies, population resettlements, religious and linguistic
conversions, immigration policies, etc. This book then places phenomena
like ethnic cleansing, mass rapes and genocide into an economic and
political framework, according to which the guiding motivation is to
alter the ratio of an ethnic population to territory in an effort to
increase economic and political power."
Correspondence:
Frank Cass Publishers, Newbury House, 900 Eastern Avenue, London
IG2 7HH, England. Location: Princeton University Library
(FST).
64:40679 Gilbar, Gad G.
Population dilemmas in the Middle East: essays in political
demography and economy. ISBN 0-7146-4706-3. 1997. xix, 141 pp.
Frank Cass: London, England/Portland, Oregon. In Eng.
The focus of
this book is on the demographic developments that have occurred in two
Middle Eastern populations--Palestinians and Egyptians--since World War
II, and on the political implications of these demographic trends. The
first part of the book concentrates on the Palestinian population in
the period from the founding of Israel in 1948 to 1987, and describes
the growth of Palestinian populations east of the Jordan river, the
natural increase of the population, and the economic and political
factors affecting migration. The second part is concerned with
demographic developments in Egypt, focusing on the consequences of high
rates of natural increase and the development of policies and programs
designed to slow the rate of population growth.
Correspondence:
Frank Cass Publishers, Newbury House, 900 Eastern Avenue, London
IG2 7HH, England. Location: Princeton University Library
(FST).
64:40680 Kolstø, Pål.
Anticipating demographic superiority: Kazakh thinking on
integration and nation building. Europe-Asia Studies, Vol. 50, No.
1, Jan 1998. 51-69 pp. Abingdon, England. In Eng.
"In order to
understand and to forecast what kind of nations will take shape in the
new states of the former Soviet Union it is important to focus on the
express objectives and actual strategies of the nation builders.... In
this article I will concentrate on the ideological aspect, that is, on
official and semi-official statements outlining the idea of `the
Kazakhstani nation', as Kazakhstani nation builders would like to see
it develop." Particular attention is given to the changes in the
ethnic composition of the country due primarily to the different
demographic characteristics of the main ethnic groups that make up the
population, the ethnic Kazakhs and Russians, and to the political
implications of the growth of the Kazakhs from a minority to a majority
ethnic group.
Correspondence: P. Kolstø, University
of Oslo, Institute of Eastern European and Oriental Studies, P.O. Box
1030, 0315 Oslo, Norway. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
64:40681 Morrison, Peter A.
Demographic influences on Latinos' political empowerment:
comparative local illustrations. Population Research and Policy
Review, Vol. 17, No. 3, Jun 1998. 223-46 pp. Dordrecht, Netherlands. In
Eng.
"This paper examines the influences of population
structure, socioeconomic factors, and residential patterns on the
process by which Latinos have translated their numbers into an
effective political presence in five California cities. The distinctive
routes to empowerment evidenced in these cities reveal the varied
possibilities local demographic settings may offer and the sensitivity
of different election systems to those settings. Two alternatives are
considered: (1) a change from election at large to election by
single-member district, or (2) augmentation of Latinos' citywide voting
strength in deciding the second- or third-place winner in a
multi-member at-large election format. The findings can inform local
districting efforts planned around the 2000
census."
Correspondence: P. A. Morrison, RAND
Corporation, 1700 Main Street, P.O. Box 2138, Santa Monica, CA
90407-2138. E-mail: morrison@rand.org. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
64:40682 Seltzer, William.
Population statistics, the Holocaust, and the Nuremberg
trials. Population and Development Review, Vol. 24, No. 3, Sep
1998. 511-52, 669, 671 pp. New York, New York. In Eng. with sum. in
Fre; Spa.
"Drawing on a variety of sources, the article
examines how population statistics were used by the Nazis in planning
and implementing the Holocaust and how the data systems that gathered
these statistics and other information were also employed to assist in
carrying out the Holocaust. This review covers experience in Germany,
Poland, France, the Netherlands, and Norway. Attention is also given to
the role played in this work by some of those then professionally
active in demography and statistics. The use and impact of
perpetrator-generated Holocaust mortality data and other estimates of
Jewish losses presented at the Nuremberg trials are then described.
Finally, present-day implications of the historical experience under
review are discussed."
Correspondence: W. Seltzer,
Fordham University, Institute for Social Research, Department of
Sociology and Anthropology, Fordham Road, Bronx, NY 10458.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:40683 Tir, Jaroslav; Diehl, Paul
F. Demographic pressure and interstate conflict: linking
population growth and density to militarized disputes and wars,
1930-89. Journal of Peace Research, Vol. 35, No. 3, May 1998.
319-39 pp. Oslo, Norway. In Eng.
"This study offers some
empirical evidence on the relationship between population pressure and
international conflict.... We looked at the impact of population growth
and density on international conflict involvement, initiation, and
escalation for all states in the international system over the period
1930-89. Generally, population growth pressures had a significant
impact on the likelihood that a state would become involved in military
conflict.... In part, our results also suggest that some portion of the
optimist argument may be correct--advanced technology may mitigate some
of the deleterious effects of high population
growth."
Correspondence: J. Tir, University of
Illinois, Department of Political Science, Urbana, IL 61801.
Location: Princeton University Library (SF).
Studies on nutrition and health, including psychological aspects and sex behavior. Studies that are concerned with the impact of these factors on fertility are coded under F.5. Factors Other Than Contraception Affecting Fertility.
64:40684 Acharya, Manju P.
Chronic social stress and emotional well-being: an analysis of
mental health of immigrants in Alberta. Canadian Studies in
Population, Vol. 25, No. 1, 1998. 1-27 pp. Edmonton, Canada. In Eng.
with sum. in Fre.
"This article examines the cause and effect
relationships between chronic stress and mental health status of 20 to
64 year old immigrants living in Alberta. For the purpose of this
analysis, the 1994/95 Canadian National Population Health Survey data
were used.... It seems that age and household income have a strong
effect on general chronic stress, which in turn influences the mental
health of the immigrants. By splitting the place of origin into
developed and developing regions, differences in the use of indicators
to predict mental health condition of immigrants were noticed. The
study presents two path models to examine the social stressor
theory."
Correspondence: M. P. Acharya, University of
Alberta, Department of Sociology, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2H4, Canada.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:40685 Agree, Emily M.; Freedman, Vicki
A. Implications of population aging for geriatric
health. Hopkins Population Center Papers on Population, No. WP
98-05, Aug 1998. 23 pp. Johns Hopkins University, School of Hygiene and
Public Health, Johns Hopkins Population Center: Baltimore, Maryland. In
Eng.
"The purpose of this [paper] is to provide insight into
the implications of population aging for geriatric health.... [The
authors] review...the major theories of morbidity-mortality linkages.
To evaluate these theories, evidence regarding recent changes in
morbidity, disability, and mortality in the U.S. is presented, and the
likely implications of population aging for the future of geriatric
health are discussed."
Correspondence: E. M. Agree,
Johns Hopkins University, School of Hygiene and Public Health, Room
W4033, 615 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21205. E-mail:
eagree@jhsph.edu. Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
64:40686 Alam, Moneer. Health
sector financing by states: an exploration. Demography India, Vol.
26, No. 2, Jul-Dec 1997. 177-206 pp. Delhi, India. In Eng.
"Three issues are briefly investigated here. These are: (i)
health expenditure of 16 major states [in India] over two points of
time--1985-86 and 1989-90, (ii) their distribution by major heads of
health services, rural and urban, preventive and curative, salary and
non-salary components, etc., and (iii) an assessment of these
allocations against the health status attainments by
states...."
Correspondence: M. Alam, Institute of
Economic Growth, Delhi 110 007, India. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
64:40687 Archambault, Paul.
Depressive and suicidal states in young people: results from a
socio-demographic survey of the 25-34 age group. [Etats
dépressifs et suicidaires pendant la jeunesse: résultats
d'une enquête sociodémographique chez les 25-34 ans.]
Population, Vol. 53, No. 3, May-Jun 1998. 477-515 pp. Paris, France. In
Fre. with sum. in Eng; Spa.
"Young people aged 25-34 [in
France] were questioned about their backgrounds and about the events
which had marked their lives.... The disappointments, failures,
setbacks and uncertainty which characterize these itineraries are
evaluated in order to measure their long-term impact on the
psychological health of the young adult. The article analyses the
disruptions in family life that are responsible for the deep-rooted
causes of personality disorders at the time of the transition to
adulthood. These underlying causes interact with the contingent causes
represented by the personal experiences of the individuals questioned
(unemployment, relationship breakdown), and the measurement and
interpretation of these interactions is the subject of subsequent
discussion."
Correspondence: P. Archambault, Institut
National d'Etudes Démographiques, 133 boulevard Davout, 75980
Paris Cedex 20, France. E-mail: Paul.Archambault@gecapital.com.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:40688 Basu, Alaka M. Gender in
population research: confusing implications for health policy.
Population and Development Program Working Papers Series, No. 97.07,
1997. 27 pp. Cornell University, Department of Rural Sociology,
Population and Development Program: Ithaca, New York. In Eng.
"This paper discusses some of the health policy implications
of an increasing trend in population research--its `political
correctness' , defined not in the popular, often derogatory, sense, but
as the ideological commitment to certain principles. One of these
commitments, that to the notion of gender equality, is examined in
terms of how it can falter when it seeks greater strength and
legitimacy by being tied to other less-resisted goals such as for
better health."
Correspondence: Cornell University,
Department of Rural Sociology, Population and Development Program, 134
Warren Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853-7801. Author's E-mail: ab54@cornell.edu.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:40689 Centro de Estudios de Estado y
Sociedad [CEDES] (Buenos Aires, Argentina); Centro de Estudios de
Población [CENEP] (Buenos Aires, Argentina). A
workshop of social studies about reproductive health and
sexuality. [Taller de investigaciones sociales en salud
reproductiva y sexualidad.] 1993. [viii], [109] pp. Buenos Aires,
Argentina. In Spa.
These are the proceedings of a workshop held
November 1-2, 1993, in Buenos Aires on aspects of reproductive health
and sexuality in Argentina. Topics covered include abortion, public
health services and institutions, population policies and women's
status, and adolescent pregnancy and sexual
behavior.
Correspondence: Centro de Estudios de Estado y
Sociedad, Programa Regional de Investigación Social,
Entrenamiento y Asistencia Técnica en Salud Reproductiva y
Sexualidad, Sanchez de Bustamante 27, 1173 Buenos Aires, Argentina.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:40690 Darby, Sarah C.; Anderson, Roy
M. Statistical issues in HIV research. Journal of the
Royal Statistical Society, Series A: Statistics in Society, Vol. 161,
No. 2, 1998. 161-272 pp. Royal Statistical Society: London, England. In
Eng.
This special issue contains a selection of nine papers
presented at a meeting on statistical issues in HIV research held at
the Royal Statistical Society in London on May 16, 1997. The papers are
as follows: Acquired immune deficiency syndrome projections in England
and Wales: interplay of methodology and data, by D. De Angelis, N. E.
Day, and O. N. Gill; Cofactors and markers of disease progression in
human immunodeficiency virus infection, by C. A. Sabin, A. Mocroft, A.
Cozzi Lepri, and A. N. Phillips; Measures of mortality in the study of
individuals infected with the human immunodeficiency virus in the UK
haemophilia population, by S. C. Darby and D. W. Ewart; Human
immunodeficiency virus, DNA and statistics, by E. C. Holmes; The
influence of behavioural heterogeneity on the population level effect
of potential prophylactic type 1 human immunodeficiency virus vaccines,
by G. P. Garnett; Measuring sexual partner networks for transmission of
sexually transmitted diseases, by A. C. Ghani and G. P. Garnett; Issues
in the design and analysis of therapeutic trials in human
immunodeficiency virus infection, by A. G. Babiker, J. H. Darbyshire,
T. E. A. Peto, and A. S. Walker; Design of human immunodeficiency virus
intervention trials in developing countries, by R. Hayes; and
Statistical issues in phase III human immunodeficiency virus vaccine
trial design, by M. E. Halloran.
Correspondence: Royal
Statistical Society, 12 Errol Street, London EC1Y 8LX, England.
Location: Princeton University Library (PF).
64:40691 Gorski, Peter A.
Perinatal outcome and the social contract: interrelationships
between health and society. Acta Paediatrica Japonica, Vol. 40,
No. 2, Apr 1998. 168-72 pp. Carlton South, Australia. In Eng.
"Rates of infant mortality and prematurity or low birth weight
serve as indirect measures of the health of a nation. This paper
presents current population data documenting the still serious problem
of perinatal outcome in the USA as well as in other economically
developed countries. International comparisons suggest that nations
which have the greatest inequality of income and social opportunity
also have the most adverse perinatal, child and adult health outcomes.
Furthermore, the data assert that these effects are independent of
average national wealth or gross national economic productivity. Health
status differs by social class and race, even among the most affluent
sectors of the population. All social classes, even the wealthiest,
suffer the health consequences of social inequalities. An explanatory
socio-psychological theory of causality is
proposed."
Correspondence: P. A. Gorski, Massachusetts
Caring for Children Foundation, 100 Summer Street, 14th Floor, Boston,
MA 02110. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:40692 Hill, Gerry B.; Forbes, William F.;
Berthelot, Jean-Marie; Lindsay, Joan; McDowell, Ian; Wilkins,
Russell. The entropy of health and disease: dementia in
Canada. Canadian Studies in Population, Vol. 24, No. 1, 1997.
87-100 pp. Edmonton, Canada. In Eng. with sum. in Fre.
"The
object of this paper is to combine two concepts which have developed on
the interface between public health and demography: health expectancy
and the analysis of linkage in demographic models. The paper addresses,
in the general case, the question: what are the marginal effects of
changes in incidence or mortality rates on the expectation of life
with, and without, a particular irreversible, non-communicable disease
or type of disability? A simple model of disease in a population is
described, and general solutions for the two components of the
expectation of life are obtained.... It is shown that, under certain
conditions, the entropy of the expectation of disease free life, with
respect to changes in incidence, can be approximated by an extension of
Sullivan's index. Data on dementia among elderly Canadians, obtained
from the Canadian Study of Health and Aging, are used for
illustration."
Correspondence: G. B. Hill, University
of Ottawa, 550 Cumberland Street, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:40693 Kanchanachitra, Churnrurtai.
Best practice of reduction of vulnerability of girls to
HIV/AIDS. Journal of Population and Social Studies, Vol. 7, No. 1,
Jul 1998. 53-83 pp. Nakhon Pathom, Thailand. In Eng. with sum. in Tha.
The author discusses possible means of preventing transmission of
HIV/AIDS to young girls in Thailand. Reasons for girls entering
prostitution and strategies for preventing entry into the commercial
sex industry are considered. The author outlines the goals and
accomplishments of the Sema Life Development Project, which was
designed as a child prostitute eradication
policy.
Correspondence: C. Kanchanachitra, Mahidol
University, Institute for Population and Social Research, 25/25
Puthamontol, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand. E-mail:
prckc@mahidol.ac.th. Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
64:40694 Khlat, Myriam.
Demographic evaluation of health programmes: proceedings of a
seminar in Paris, February 26-28, 1996. 1997. 225 pp. Committee
for International Cooperation in National Research in Demography
[CICRED]: Paris, France; United Nations Population Fund [UNFPA]: New
York, New York. In Eng.
This collection of 14 papers is the product
of a seminar on demographic evaluation of health programs held in Paris
in February 1996. "In the first part are treated the various
approaches and problems associated with evaluation, including data
sources, collection methods, outcome measures and estimation
techniques. Part two presents examples of evaluative research
concerning the impact on mortality of specific health programmes. These
are based on a variety of sources, including survey data, the
demographic surveillance system of Matlab, population laboratories in
Africa, and death registers. Finally, given that equity is often seen
as an important concern in evaluation, the contributions in the third
part examine the impact of interventions on health differentials within
populations."
Correspondence: Committee for
International Cooperation in National Research in Demography, 133
boulevard Davout, 75980 Paris Cedex 20, France. Location:
University of Pennsylvania Library, Philadelphia, PA.
64:40695 Khoshnood, Babak; Lee, Kwang-sun;
Wall, Stephen; Hsieh, Hui-lung; Mittendorf, Robert. Short
interpregnancy intervals and the risk of adverse birth outcomes among
five racial/ethnic groups in the United States. American Journal
of Epidemiology, Vol. 148, No. 8, Oct 15, 1998. 798-805 pp. Baltimore,
Maryland. In Eng.
Data from the National Center for Health
Statistics for over 4.8 million births for the period 1989-1991 are
used to study the effects of short interpregnancy intervals on the
risks for low birth weight and preterm delivery for singleton births in
the United States. The focus is on differences among African American,
Mexican, Native American, non-Hispanic white, and Puerto Rican mothers.
Intervals of less than 6 months and between 6 and 12 months occurred
with greatest frequency among Native Americans, followed by Puerto
Ricans, African Americans, Mexicans, and non-Hispanic whites. "Our
results suggest that the length of the interval between pregnancies has
a similar and substantial effect on the risk of low birth weight and
preterm delivery among five major racial/ethnic groups of mothers in
the United States."
Correspondence: B. Khoshnood,
University of Chicago, Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics MC
6060, 5841 South Maryland Avenue, Chicago, IL 60637. Location:
Princeton University Library (SZ).
64:40696 Markides, Kyriakos S.; Miranda,
Manuel R. Minorities, aging, and health. ISBN
0-8039-5973-7. LC 97-4841. 1997. xii, 467 pp. Sage Publications:
Thousand Oaks, California/London, England. In Eng.
This volume
contains a selection of papers by various authors on aspects of the
health and health-care needs of the ethnic minority elderly in the
United States. The contributions are in six major areas:
"mortality and life expectancy; chronic diseases and disabilities;
diet and nutrition; mental health; health services and long-term care;
and health policy"
Selected items will be cited in this or
subsequent issues of Population Index.
Correspondence: Sage
Publications, 2455 Teller Road, Thousand Oaks, CA 91320. E-mail:
order@sagepub.com. Location: Princeton University Library
(FST).
64:40697 Pieris, Indrani. Health
treatment behaviour in Sri Lanka. In: The continuing demographic
transition, edited by G. W. Jones et al. 1997. 332-62 pp. Clarendon
Press: Oxford, England. In Eng.
"This paper, using Sri Lankan
Demographic Change Project data, examines how health care behaviour has
contributed to Sri Lanka's good health status.... The study found that
in general Sri Lankans were sensitive to illness and responded quickly
to it, usually by resorting to Western medicine either from a
government clinic or from a private doctor.... A notable feature of Sri
Lankans' health behaviour, particularly that of the Sinhalese,
regardless of their religion, education, or the age and sex of the
patient, is their willingness to change treatment when one treatment
type is evaluated to be ineffective."
Correspondence:
I. Pieris, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research,
Bangladesh, G.P.O. Box 128, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:40698 Qadeer, Imrana.
Reproductive health: a public health perspective. Economic and
Political Weekly, Vol. 33, No. 41, Oct 10-16, 1998. 2,675-84 pp.
Mumbai, India. In Eng.
"This article examines the concept of
reproductive health as it emerged in the 1980s, its consequences for
health research and family planning programmes in India, its advocacy
for the third world agenda and the reasons behind it, its
epidemiological basis, and offers an alternative public health
perspective for understanding reproductive health." The author
comes to two main conclusions. "Firstly, within reproductive
health, priorities should be clearly articulated and reflected in the
budgetary allocations. Secondly, maternal and child health, nutrition,
contraceptive services, and communicable disease control must be
integrated."
Location: Princeton University Library
(PF).
64:40699 Smith, F. B. The first
health transition in Australia, 1880-1910. In: The continuing
demographic transition, edited by G. W. Jones et al. 1997. 29-50 pp.
Clarendon Press: Oxford, England. In Eng.
The author reviews the
first white Australian health transition during the period 1880-1910.
The focus is on comparisons between trends in Australia and those in
the United Kingdom. Aspects considered include causes of death, reasons
for changes in incidence of various causes, and changes in
contraceptive use and fertility rates.
Correspondence: F.
B. Smith, Australian National University, Research School of Social
Sciences, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
64:40700 Soet, Johanna E.; DiIorio, Colleen;
Dudley, William N. Women's self-reported condom use: intra
and interpersonal factors. Women and Health, Vol. 27, No. 4, 1998.
19-32 pp. Binghamton, New York. In Eng.
"In the past several
years, the greatest proportionate increase in AIDS diagnoses has
occurred among women. Yet, while the risk of HIV infection increases,
female college students continue to report inconsistent HIV prevention
behaviors.... In this study we examined the relative salience of both
intra and interpersonal factors on African American and white women's
use of condoms. We found that interpersonal variables were particularly
salient predictors of condom use. There were no ethnic differences in
the effects of interpersonal variables; however, there were differences
in the effects of self-efficacy on condom use." Data were
collected from female students attending six colleges/universities in a
large metropolitan area in the southeastern United
States.
Correspondence: J. E. Soet, 1518 Clifton Road, 5th
Floor, Atlanta, GA 30322. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
64:40701 Weinberg, Clarice R.; Wilcox, Allen
J. Reproductive epidemiology. In: Modern
epidemiology, edited by Kenneth J. Rothman and Sander Greenland. 2nd
ed. ISBN 0-316-75780-2. 1998. 585-608 pp. Lippincott-Raven:
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. In Eng.
This is a general introduction
to the study of reproductive epidemiology. Some basic practical and
conceptual differences between reproductive epidemiology and chronic or
infectious disease epidemiology are first spelled out. The remainder of
the chapter addresses such issues as reproductive life events, the
characteristics of the menstrual cycle, fertility, pregnancy loss,
pregnancy complications, birth weight, and birth
defects.
Correspondence: C. R. Weinberg, National Institute
of Environmental Health Sciences, Biostatistics Branch, MDA3-03, P.O.
Box 1233, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:40702 Zabin, Laurie S.; Kiragu,
Karungari. The health consequences of adolescent sexual
and fertility behavior in Sub-Saharan Africa. Studies in Family
Planning, Vol. 29, No. 2, Jun 1998. 210-32 pp. New York, New York. In
Eng.
"This article reviews the literature on health
consequences of adolescent sexual behavior and child-bearing in
sub-Saharan Africa, and the social and cultural context in which they
occur. It suggests that, in addressing the most serious health
sequelae, sexual intercourse that occurs in early marriage and
premaritally must both be considered.... Differences between health
effects among adult and adolescent women are often differences in
degree. They are attributable to behavioral, social, and biological
causes, exist in traditional and nontraditional settings, in union and
out of union, and are exacerbated by declining ages at menarche,
pressures of HIV/AIDS and STDs, and a dearth of appropriate
services--especially for young people."
Correspondence:
L. S. Zabin, Johns Hopkins University, School of Hygiene and
Public Health, Center for Communication Programs, Department of
Population Dynamics, 4503 Hygiene, 615 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore,
MD 21205. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:40703 Zimmer, Zachary; Liu, Xian; Hermalin,
Albert; Chuang, Yi-Li. Educational attainment and
transitions in functional status among older Taiwanese.
Demography, Vol. 35, No. 3, Aug 1998. 361-75 pp. Silver Spring,
Maryland. In Eng.
"We attempt to ascertain the influence of
education on changes in physical functioning [of the aged] in a rapidly
developing country. Data come from the 1989 Survey of Health and Living
Status of the Elderly in Taiwan and a follow-up interview in 1993
(N=4,049, age =60+).... High levels of educational attainment result in
a decreased incidence of functional limitation for those originating in
a state of independence. Contrary to expectations, however, education
has little influence on those who originate functionally
limited."
This is a revised version of a paper originally
presented at the 1996 Annual Meeting of the Population Association of
America.
Correspondence: Z. Zimmer, University of Nevada,
Department of Sociology, 4505 Maryland Parkway, Box 455033, Las Vegas,
NV 89154. E-mail: zimmerz@nevada.edu. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
Studies on consanguinity and isolates, inbreeding, and twinning.
64:40704 Ulizzi, L.; Astolfi, P.; Zonta, L.
A. Natural selection in industrialized countries: a study
of three generations of Italian newborns. Annals of Human
Genetics, Vol. 62, Pt. 1, Jan 1998. 47-53 pp. Cambridge, England. In
Eng.
"We have studied the impact of natural selection on the
Italian population, analysing the relationship between stillbirth and
three related variables: birth weight, birth order and maternal age. A
progressive relaxation of selection with time has been demonstrated by
the reduction of the Haldane index calculated with respect to the three
variables."
Correspondence: L. Ulizzi,
Università degli Studi di Roma La Sapienza, Dipartimento di
Genetica e Biologica Molecolare "C Darwin", P.le A. Moro 5,
00185 Rome, Italy. E-mail: ulizzi@axcasp.caspur.it. Location:
Princeton University Library (SZ).
