Studies concerned with the relations between population factors as a whole and economic aspects. Relations affecting a single demographic variable and economic factors are coded under the variable concerned and cross-referenced to this division, if appropriate.
Studies concerned equally with economic and social development. Most studies on the microeconomics of the family will be found in G.2. Family and Household and cross-referenced to this division, if appropriate.
Studies on economic and social development with a worldwide emphasis, together with those with no geographical emphasis.
64:40623 Abernethy, Virginia.
Population explosion triggered by wealth. Forum for Applied
Research and Public Policy, Vol. 12, Summer 1997. 27-32 pp. Knoxville,
Tennessee. In Eng.
The author discusses causes and consequences of
rapid population growth. The focus is on finding ways to curb growth in
order not to overwhelm the carrying capacity of regional environments.
Sections are included on triggers for growth, culture and fertility,
immigration, and contraception. The extent to which economic
development contributes to population growth is
examined.
Correspondence: V. Abernethy, Vanderbilt
University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and
Anthropology, Nashville, TN 37235. Location: Rutgers
University Library, Camden, NJ.
64:40624 Chu, C. Y. Cyrus.
Population dynamics: a new economic approach. ISBN
0-19-512158-9. LC 98-19032. 1998. xiv, 226 pp. Oxford University Press:
New York, New York/Oxford, England. In Eng.
This study attempts to
fill "the gap between the classical supply-side population theory
of Malthus and the modern demand-side theory of economic demography. In
doing so, [the] author...investigates specifically the dynamic macro
implications of various static micro family economic decisions. Holding
the characteristic composition of the macro population to always be an
aggregate result of some corresponding individual micro decision, [he]
extends his research on the fertility-related decisions of family to an
analysis of other economic determinations. Within this framework, [he]
studies the income distribution, attitude composition, job structure,
and aggregate savings and pensions of the population.... Offering a
wealth of detail, this book provides a balanced discussion of
background motivation, theoretical characterization, and empirical
evidence in an effort to bring about a renewal in the economic approach
to population dynamics."
Correspondence: Oxford
University Press, 198 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10016. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:40625 Jackson, William A. The
political economy of population ageing. ISBN 1-85278-692-2. LC
97-39375. 1998. viii, 248 pp. Edward Elgar Publishing: Northampton,
Massachusetts/Cheltenham, England. In Eng.
This book examines the
debates surrounding the issue of population aging and offers a more
optimistic outlook on its impact on the economy than is generally
offered. The author "initially considers general theoretical
approaches to population ageing, particularly in relation to the rising
dependency burden. He then goes on to examine traditional topics such
as employment, productivity, pensions and social security, along with
less traditional topics such as informal care, within the context of
long-run structural changes. The author draws on an extensive range of
economic literature and considers neoclassical arguments before
analysing the issue from a non-neoclassical economic, social
gerontological and sociological perspective. He maintains that
conventional economic theory tends to overstate the effects of
population ageing on the economy."
Correspondence:
Edward Elgar Publishing, 8 Lansdown Place, Cheltenham GL50 2HU,
England. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:40626 Schultz, T. Paul.
Economic demography. International Library of Critical
Writings in Economics, ISBN 1-85898-517-X. LC 97-38476. 1998. xii, 562;
621 pp. Edward Elgar Publishing: Northampton, Massachusetts/Cheltenham,
England. In Eng.
"These readings trace some of the ideas that
have helped to adapt economic theory and methods to analyse the
determinants and consequences of demographic behaviour, and relate
these behaviours to investments in human capital that account for much
of modern economic growth." The first volume has the readings
organized under the headings: Estimation of wage functions and returns
to human capital; Health: length of life, stature and sickness;
Individual and household behaviour: production and consumption; and
Family coordination: unified and bargaining approaches. Readings in the
second volume are organized under the headings: Life cycle choices:
marriage, fertility and post-schooling training; Quality-quantity
trade-off: fertility and investments in child quality; Gender gap in
human capital; Wage structures by cohort size and skills: supplies and
demands; Pre-industrial economic-demographic equilibrium;
Economic-demographic interactions in today's low-income countries; and
Savings, intergenerational exchange and ageing.
Correspondence:
Edward Elgar Publishing, 8 Lansdown Place, Cheltenham GL50 2HU,
England. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:40627 Sen, Amartya K. Welfare
economics and the quality of life: life expectancy and economic
evaluation. Chung-Hua Series of Lectures by Invited Eminent
Economists, No. 24, Jan 1998. 73 pp. Academia Sinica, Institute of
Economics: Taipei, Taiwan. In Eng.
This publication contains two
lectures presented at the Chung-Hua Institution for Economic Research
in Taiwan. The lectures are entitled Welfare economics and the quality
of life, and Life expectancy and economic evaluation. "The main
object of these lectures is to examine the place and role of quality of
life in economic evaluation and welfare economics.... In the second
lecture...there will be a particular focus on application, viz. the use
of life expectancy for evaluative
purposes."
Correspondence: Academia Sinica, Institute
of Economics, Nankang, Taipei, Taiwan. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
64:40628 Williamson, Jeffrey G.
Growth, distribution, and demography: some lessons from
history. Explorations in Economic History, Vol. 35, No. 3, Jul
1998. 241-71 pp. Orlando, Florida. In Eng.
"If we have learned
anything from the recent outpouring of empirical growth equations, it
is that life is far too complex to expect `unconditional' convergence
among all countries and at all times. For example, when treated
properly, both demography and globalization can be shown to have a
significant impact on GDP per capita growth. Similarly, no economist
should expect an `unconditional' Kuznets curve to emerge from the
inequality experience of all countries and at all times. The industrial
revolutionary forces that are thought to have an impact on inequality
can be offset or reinforced by demography and globalization. This essay
assesses the role of globalization and demography on inequality and
growth experience in the Old World, the New World, and Asia over the
past century and a half."
Correspondence: J. G.
Williamson, Harvard University, 9 Bow Street, Cambridge, MA 02138.
Location: Princeton University Library (PF).
General studies on the relations between population factors and economic development in developing countries. Includes studies on dependency as they relate to developing countries.
64:40629 Dawson, P. J.; Tiffin,
Richard. Is there a long-run relationship between
population growth and living standards? The case of India. Journal
of Development Studies, Vol. 34, No. 5, Jun 1998. 149-56 pp. London,
England. In Eng.
"This note examines the existence of a
long-run, cointegrating relationship between population and per capita
GDP in India for 1950-93. Unit root tests show that per capita GDP is
integrated of order one while population is integrated of order zero;
further, estimation of the bi-variate relationship using the
cointegration procedure of Johansen shows that no long-run relationship
exists. Thus, population growth neither causes per capita income growth
nor is caused by it."
Correspondence: P. J. Dawson,
University of Newcastle upon Tyne, Department of Agricultural Economics
and Food Marketing, Newcastle upon Tyne NEI 7RU, Tyne and Wear,
England. Location: Princeton University Library (PF).
64:40630 Hoerner, Jean-Michel.
The third world: between survival and informality. [Le
tiers-monde: entre la survie et l'informel.] ISBN 2-7384-3925-X. 1995.
167 pp. L'Harmattan: Paris, France. In Fre.
This study is about how
the poorest survive in developing countries given the economic
conditions created by today's market economy. A case is made that the
current global economy, with the important role played by multinational
business enterprises and the dominance of the rich developed countries,
makes economic progress in poor countries, which are primarily
dependent on tropical agriculture, very difficult. A chapter is devoted
to the problems related to demographic factors, including rapid
declines in mortality, continued high fertility, migration, and rapid
urbanization. The importance is noted of developing an informal economy
among the very poor as a necessary factor in their
survival.
Correspondence: Editions L'Harmattan, 5-7 rue de
l'Ecole-Polytechnique, 75005 Paris, France. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:40631 Nakibullah, Ashraf.
Population growth and development: the case of Bangladesh.
Applied Economics Letters, Vol. 5, No. 4, Apr 1998. 231-4 pp. London,
England. In Eng.
"This paper raises the question whether
population growth is exogenous or endogenous with respect to the
development process of Bangladesh during the last three decades....
Based on the results one may conclude that population growth is
endogenous in the development process of Bangladesh. This is reflected
both in the Granger causality tests and the decompositions of variances
of detrended real GDP per capita and population
growth."
Correspondence: A. Nakibullah, University of
Bahrain, College of Business Administration, Department of Economics,
P.O. Box 32038, Isa Town, Bahrain. Location: Princeton
University Library (SXF).
64:40632 Schäfer, Hans-Bernd.
Population trends and basic necessities in developing
countries. [Bevölkerungsdynamik und Grundbedürfnisse in
Entwicklungsländern.] Schriften des Vereins für
Socialpolitik, Vol. 241, ISBN 3-428-08412-8. LC 95-211346. 1995. 388
pp. Duncker und Humblot: Berlin, Germany. In Ger.
This volume
contains papers, responses, and discussion summaries of contributions
given at the annual meeting of the Verein für Socialpolitik,
Gesellschaft für Wirtschafts- und Sozialwissenschaften's Committee
on Developing Countries. Topics covered include the global food supply,
population dynamics in pre-industrialized countries, family planning
and fertility decline in developing countries, poverty, development
aid, social security in developing countries, and education in
developing countries.
Correspondence: Duncker und Humblot,
Carl-Heinrich-Becker-Weg 9, 12165 Berlin, Germany. Location:
Princeton University Library (FST).
64:40633 United Nations. Economic and Social
Commission for Asia and the Pacific [ESCAP] (Bangkok,
Thailand). Population change, development and women's role
and status in India. Asian Population Studies Series, No. 132,
Pub. Order No. ST/ESCAP/1592. 1995. ix, 196 pp. Bangkok, Thailand. In
Eng.
This is one in a planned series of four case studies that
examine the interrelationships among three sets of variables: economic
development, women's role and status, and demographic change. This
report about India "consists of two parts. Part One is concerned
with reviewing the situation and trends in the role and status of women
against the backdrop of socio-economic development and demographic
change and serves to provide the basis for designing a more formal
analysis of the interrelationship between the three sets of variables
in a larger econometric model, which is the subject of Part
Two."
The studies on Japan and Thailand, also published in
1995, are cited elsewhere in this issue.
Correspondence:
UN Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific, United
Nations Building, Rajdamnern Nok Avenue, Bangkok 10200, Thailand.
Location: Princeton University Library (UN).
Studies on the relations between population and economic factors as they affect the developed world. Also includes studies on the economic effects of a stationary or declining population, the effects of aging on the economy, retirement, and problems of economic dependency in developed countries.
64:40634 Ando, Albert. Micro
simulation analysis of aggregate savings behavior in Japan: effects of
aging population on aggregate savings and design of policies on savings
in Japan. NIRA Research Output, Vol. 9, No. 1, ISBN 4-7955-1427-5.
LC 97-167758. Jun 1996. iv, 102 pp. National Institute for Research
Advancement: Tokyo, Japan. In Eng.
This study attempts to answer
one basic question concerning Japan's economy, "namely, whether or
not savings by the household sector can respond to shocks, due
primarily to changes in the pattern of demographic dynamics or to
variations in the rate of change of the productivity of labor, without
creating serious imbalances between the investment needs of the
Japanese economy and the supply of savings by the household sector of
Japan.... The tentative conclusion of our analysis is that the savings
behavior of the Japanese household sector is indeed capable of
accommodating a variety of conditions and shocks over a very long
horizon."
Correspondence: National Institute for
Research Advancement, Yebisu Garden Place Tower, 4-20-3 Ebisu,
Shibuya-ku, Tokyo 150, Japan. Location: U.S. Library of
Congress, Washington, D.C.
64:40635 Clarke, Harry.
International trade, labour migrations and capital flows: long-term
evidence for Australia, Canada, the United Kingdom and the United
States. International Migration, Vol. 36, No. 3, 1998. 383-408 pp.
Geneva, Switzerland. In Eng. with sum. in Fre; Spa.
"The
historical links between international factor mobility and the extent
of international trade are analysed over the long term for three high
labour immigration countries (Australia, Canada and the United States)
and one high labour emigration country (the United Kingdom). Time
series data are used. Current international openness is assessed
relative to this experience. International factor market integration
has increased over time with trade liberalization, suggesting that
traditional Hecksher-Ohlin thinking cannot be readily used to account
for long-term trends in several important economies. Both trade and
factor mobility have an episodic character that makes it misleading to
assess current international openness only in terms of post World War 2
economic trends."
Correspondence: H. Clarke, La Trobe
University, School of Business, Bundoora, Victoria 3083, Australia.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:40636 Crettez, Bertrand; Etner,
Johanna. The effects of a demographic risk on saving.
[Les effets d'un risque démographique sur l'épargne.]
Recherches Economiques de Louvain, Vol. 64, No. 3, 1998. 269-91, 359
pp. Brussels, Belgium. In Fre. with sum. in Eng.
The impact of
probable future demographic trends on the rate of saving is examined.
The geographical focus is on developed countries, which are generally
experiencing high rates of demographic aging. An overlapping
generations model with uncertain rates of population growth is
developed for the analysis. "We show that the assumptions under
which precautionary demand for savings arises are no longer sufficient
in general equilibrium. The precautionary motive is no more sufficient
to determine the effect of an increase in risk on the equilibrium
savings demand."
Correspondence: B. Crettez,
Université de Franche-Comté, 1 rue Claude Goudimel, 25030
Besançon Cedex, France. Location: Princeton University
Library (PF).
64:40637 Di Comite, Luigi; Cardamone, Antonio
F. Population growth and international migration in the
Mediterranean Basin. [Crescita demografica e migrazioni
internazionali nel bacino mediterraneo.] LC 97-106762. 1996. 261 pp.
Cacucci Editore: Bari, Italy. In Ita; Fre.
These are the
proceedings of a conference on cooperation, population growth, and
economic development in the Mediterranean Basin held at the University
of Bari, October 26-28, 1995. The papers, which are in French or
Italian, are as follows: Moroccan immigration to Spain, by Aron Cohen;
Population growth and migration pressures, by Luigi Di Comite and
Michela C. Pellicani; Population growth and migration in Morocco, by
Abdellatif Fadloullah; From economic determinants to the role of
South-North migration in development models, by Oscar Garavello;
African immigration to Spain: entry via the southern border, by Vicente
G. Perez; Public expenditure and the age structure in some
Mediterranean countries: some preliminary results from a research
program, by Pietro Iaquinta and Anna Paterno; The fertility of
immigrants in Italy: the available data and their uses, by Dionisia
Maffioli; Population and development: from Malthus to Malthus, by Eros
Moretti; and The prospects for quantifying the number of foreigners in
Italy: the current situation, by Salvatore
Strozza.
Correspondence: Cacucci Editore, Via Nicolai 17,
70122 Bari, Italy. Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
64:40638 Gendell, Murray. Trends
in retirement age in four countries, 1965-95. Monthly Labor
Review, Vol. 121, No. 8, Aug 1998. 20-30 pp. Washington, D.C. In Eng.
Using sample survey data, trends in the average age at exit from
the labor force in the United States, Germany, Japan, and Sweden are
analyzed. The results show that all four countries experienced a
decline in the average age at which workers retire and an increase in
the duration of retirement. Projections of the dependency burden and of
the balance between pension revenues and expenditures are made to the
year 2030 in order to examine the potential impact of these trends on
the financial status of the public pension systems concerned. The
author suggests that of the four countries considered, the United
States may be in the best position to prepare for the projected future
increases in its system dependency ratio.
Correspondence:
M. Gendell, Georgetown University, Center for Population Research,
37th and O Streets NW, Washington, D.C. 20057. Location:
Princeton University Library (Docs).
64:40639 Mullins, Daniel R.; Wallace,
Sally. Changing demographics and state fiscal outlook: the
case of sales taxes. Public Finance Quarterly, Vol. 24, No. 2, Apr
1996. 237-62 pp. Thousand Oaks, California. In Eng.
"Broad-scale demographic changes have implications for state
and local finance in terms of the composition of the base of revenue
sources and their yields. This article examines the effect of such
changes on the potential future yield of consumption-based taxes. The
effect of household characteristics and composition on the consumption
of selected groups of goods subject to ad valorem retail sales taxes is
estimated, generating demographic elasticities of consumption. These
elasticities are applied to projected demographic changes in eight
states through the year 2000. The results show rather wide variation in
expected consumption shifts and potential tax bases across the states,
with income growth having the greatest effect...." The
geographical focus is on the United States.
Correspondence:
D. R. Mullins, Indiana University, School of Public and
Environmental Affairs, Bloomington, IN 47405. Location:
Princeton University Library (FST).
64:40640 Paradysz, Jan. An
examination of the current demographic situation. Proceedings of a
conference held in Baranowo, December 7-9, 1994. [Badanie
koniunktury demograficznej. Materialy z konferencji Baranowo
7-9.12.1994 r.] ISBN 83-85530-47-9. 1995. 190 pp. Wydawnictwo Akademii
Ekonomicznej w Poznaniu: Poznan, Poland. In Pol.
These are the
proceedings of a 1994 conference on the current demographic situation
in Poland. The 20 papers are organized under four main topics: the
methodology used to analyze the demographic situation, with a focus on
the links between economic conditions and demographic factors; the
demographic situation during the demographic transition; regional
aspects of the demographic situation; and the implications of current
demographic trends for business and commerce.
Correspondence:
Wydawnictwo Akademii Ekonomicznej w Poznaniu, ul.
Powstanców Wielkopolskich 16, 60-967 Poznan, Poland.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:40641 Serow, William J.
Economic and fiscal implications of an aging America. Center
for the Study of Population Working Paper, No. 98-141, 1998. 36 pp.
Florida State University, College of Social Sciences, Center for the
Study of Population: Tallahassee, Florida. In Eng.
"This paper
will begin with a brief review of the...literature dealing with the
macroeconomic consequences of population aging in industrialized
societies and will place the question into the context of the political
and economic framework of the United States.... The varying demographic
sources of aging are then introduced and their economic implications
are reviewed. The role of population aging within the context of the
subnational fiscal impacts is...examined by reviewing patterns of
change in demand for state-government provided public goods and
services associated with an older population. These include primarily
health care and income security."
Correspondence:
Florida State University, College of Social Sciences, Center for
the Study of Population, Tallahassee, FL 32306-2240. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:40642 Taslim, M. A. Do
migrants worsen the current account? International Migration, Vol.
36, No. 3, 1998. 409-26 pp. Geneva, Switzerland. In Eng. with sum. in
Fre; Spa.
"There is some concern in Australia that immigration
contributes to a widening of its current account deficit. Several
cross-section studies have found that migrant households have a lower
saving rate than the local born households. In conjunction with a
well-known national income identity that the current account deficit is
equal to the excess of investment over saving, such findings have been
interpreted by many to mean that the migrants contribute to increasing
the level of foreign liabilities at a rate greater than by the
local-born. This article utilizes aggregate time series data to
investigate the relationship between the current account and
immigration. It finds that although an increase in net migration tends
to raise the current account deficit, the longer term effect of
immigration on the current account is
negligible."
Correspondence: M. A. Taslim, University
of New England, Department of Economics, Armidale, NSW 2351, Australia.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:40643 Thomson, David. Cohort
fortunes and demographic change in the twentieth century.
Cambridge Group for the History of Population and Social Structure
Working Paper Series, No. 6, ISBN 0-9527065-5-5. 1998. i, 125 pp.
Cambridge Group for the History of Population and Social Structure:
Cambridge, England. In Eng.
"Demographers have long been
convinced that economic and population developments must be linked, but
empirical demonstration of possible connections has been disappointing.
A central problem, this paper argues, is that our tools for assessing
the economic circumstances in which demographic actors make their
decisions have been and remain woefully inadequate, and that there will
be little progress in demographic analysis until this is rectified. The
issues are explored using data on personal incomes which has been
collected at each New Zealand population census since
1926."
Correspondence: Cambridge Group for the History
of Population and Social Structure, 27 Trumpington Street, Cambridge
CB1 1QA, England. E-mail: campop@lists.cam.ac.uk. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:40644 United Nations. Economic and Social
Commission for Asia and the Pacific [ESCAP] (Bangkok,
Thailand). Population change, development and women's role
and status in Japan. Asian Population Studies Series, No. 133,
Pub. Order No. ST/ESCAP/1580. 1995. v, 94 pp. Bangkok, Thailand. In
Eng.
This is one in a planned series of four case studies that
examine the interrelationships among three sets of variables: economic
development, women's role and status, and demographic change. In this
report about Japan "we will analyse, on the basis of a
macroeconomic demographic-social security model, various population
compositional adjustment problems, shedding light upon the changing
status of Japanese women and their career development." The focus
is on the changing role of women in a rapidly aging population that has
traditionally looked to women to provide support for the
elderly.
The studies on India and Thailand, also published in 1995,
are cited elsewhere in this issue.
Correspondence: UN
Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific, United Nations
Building, Rajdamnern Nok Avenue, Bangkok 10200, Thailand. Location:
Princeton University Library (UN).
Studies on the environment, quality of life, conservation, food production, etc., and their interrelations with population factors.
64:40645 André, Catherine; Platteau,
Jean-Philippe. Land relations under unbearable stress:
Rwanda caught in the Malthusian trap. Journal of Economic Behavior
and Organization, Vol. 34, No. 1, Feb 1998. 1-47 pp. Amsterdam,
Netherlands. In Eng.
"This paper reports the findings of an
in-depth case study of a highly densely populated area in northwest
Rwanda which has been conducted during the period 1988-1993. It
demonstrates that acute competition for land in a context characterized
by too slow expansion of non-agricultural income opportunities has
resulted in increasingly unequal land distribution and rapid processes
of land dispossession through both operation of the (illegal) land
market and evolution of indigenous tenure arrangements. It is also
shown that pervasive incidence of land disputes and the threat of
landlessness have led to rising tensions in social relations and even
within the core of family life, thus paving the way for evermore overt
expressions of disharmony and violence. A connection between these
ominous conditions and the civil war that broke out in 1994 is
established."
Correspondence: J.-P. Platteau,
University of Namur, Faculty of Economics, Centre de Recherche en
Economie du Développement, 8 Rempart de la Vierge, 5000 Namur,
Belgium. Location: Princeton University Library (PF).
64:40646 Clarke, John I.; Tabah,
Léon. Population-environment-development
interactions. 1995. 430 pp. Comité International de
Coopération dans les Recherches Nationales en Démographie
[CICRED]: Paris, France. In Eng; Fre.
This volume contains a
selection of papers presented at a CICRED conference on population and
the environment, held at the International Institute for Applied
Systems Analysis in Laxenburg, Austria, November 24-26, 1993. The
primary objective of the meeting was to provide participants with the
opportunity to describe progress in research at their respective
centers on population and environment issues since an earlier meeting
organized by CICRED in Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium, in 1991. The 23
papers, which are in English or French, are organized under four
topics: Concepts, theories and methods of analysis; Polls, perceptions
and policies; Mortality and health in urban and industrialized
environments; and Some population-environment-development
problems.
Correspondence: Committee for International
Cooperation in National Research in Demography, 133 boulevard Davout,
75980 Paris Cedex 20, France. E-mail: cicred@ined.fr. Location:
University of Chicago Library, Chicago, IL.
64:40647 Gupta, Sunit; Gupta, Mukta.
Environment, population and resources: critical challenges.
1997. viii, 346 pp. Anmol Publications: New Delhi, India. In Eng.
The authors review the environmental consequences of current
population trends in India, including the decline in available natural
resources because of increasing demand, and attempt to establish the
linkages among various existing ecosystems. There are chapters on
forest and wasteland development, forest policies, poverty and
environmental degradation, urbanization, energy demand and management,
water supply, food supply, environmental pollution, and environmental
legislation. The book concludes with statistical sections on population
trends and population and resources indicators.
Correspondence:
Anmol Publications, 4374/4B Ansari Road, Daryaganj, New Delhi 110
002, India. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:40648 Hildyard, Nicholas. Too
many for what? The social generation of food "scarcity" and
"overpopulation" Ecologist, Vol. 26, No. 6, Nov-Dec
1996. 282-9 pp. Sturminster Newton, England. In Eng.
"Discussions of population and food supply which leave out
power relations between different groups of people will always mask the
true nature of food scarcity...and lead to `solutions' that are
simplistic, frequently oppressive and which, ultimately, reinforce the
very structures creating ecological damage and hunger. Moreover, by
degrading the environment, often irreversibly, the forces which are
generating organized scarcity...are inexorably undermining the capacity
of the land to produce food. In doing so, they threaten to bring about
those conditions of absolute scarcity where even equitable economic and
social arrangements may prove insufficient to prevent widespread human
impoverishment."
Location: Princeton University
Library (ST).
64:40649 Pugh, Cedric.
Sustainability, the environment and urbanization. ISBN
1-85383-357-6. 1996. xiv, 250 pp. Earthscan Publications: London,
England. In Eng.
This book contains a selection of eight studies by
various authors on aspects of the "brown" agenda in
developing countries, defined as the improvement of such factors as
poor sanitation and water quality, pollution, and housing problems. The
studies examine the economic background to such problems, as well as
conceptual issues such as sustainability, infrastructure, and health
problems. The assessment of environmental appraisal methods is also
included. The primary focus is on the situation in the cities of the
developing world.
Correspondence: Earthscan Publications,
120 Pentonville Road, London N1 9JN, England. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:40650 Sheffield, John. World
population growth and the role of annual energy use per capita.
Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Vol. 59, No. 1, Sep 1998.
55-87 pp. New York, New York. In Eng.
"This article takes the
World Bank's middle case population projection and asks for each region
of the developing world, how much energy will be associated with that
population growth pattern if historical trends continue. Turned around,
these calculations take successive incremental increases in annual
commercial energy use per capita and corresponding decreases in
population growth rate so as to continue the historical trends for
developing regions of the world, and bring the world's population to
stability by 2150. This approach leads to populations of the developing
regions which are close to the projections of the World Bank for the
period up to 2150."
Correspondence: J. Sheffield, Oak
Ridge National Laboratory, Energy Technology Program, P.O. Box 2008,
Oak Ridge, TN 37831-6248. Location: Princeton University
Library (PR).
64:40651 Zhao, Jianhua. Analysis
of the impact of population growth in Henan Province on its environment
and ecosystem. Chinese Journal of Population Science, Vol. 9, No.
4, 1997. 363-73 pp. New York, New York. In Eng.
"This paper
analyzes the effects of population growth on the...environment and
ecosystem [of China's Henan Province]. This paper also proposes a key
countermeasure to deal with the population growth and environmental
improvement of Henan Province."
Correspondence: J.
Zhao, Henan Education College, Henan Province, China. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
Studies of employment and labor force statistics that are of demographic relevance. Includes studies of the labor force (employment status, occupation, and industry) and of the relations among employment, labor force participation, and population factors. Studies on the effect of female labor force participation on fertility are coded under F.1. General Fertility and cross-referenced here.
64:40652 Brown, Lawrence A.; Pavri, Firooza;
Lawson, Victoria A. Gender, migration and the organisation
of work under economic devolution: Ecuador, 1982-90. International
Journal of Population Geography, Vol. 4, No. 3, Sep 1998. 259-74 pp.
Chichester, England. In Eng.
"This paper focuses on labour
force segments defined on the basis of migrant status and gender, in
terms of the impact of economic devolution related to structural
adjustment policies (SAPs).... Data representing all of Ecuador, and
broken down by conceptually meaningful occupational and
economic-sector-of-employment categories, are used to observe changes
over the decade of the 1980s when the impacts of SAPs were most
felt.... The results show that females were more adversely affected
than males and migrants more than non-migrants. Concerning the
combination of migration status and gender, male non-migrants fared
distinctly better than the other
categories."
Correspondence: L. A. Brown, Ohio State
University, Department of Geography, 1036 Derby Hall, 154 North Oval
Mall, Columbus, OH 43210-1361. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
64:40653 Brown, Richard P. C.
Comparative labor market performance of visaed and non-visaed
migrants: Pacific islanders in Sydney. Journal of Population
Economics, Vol. 11, No. 3, 1998. 395-411 pp. Berlin, Germany. In Eng.
"Using survey data for Tongan and Samoan migrants in Sydney
[Australia] the effects of visa restrictions on labor market
performance of migrants are assessed. Univariate analysis suggests a
positive association between unemployment and the unrestricted entry of
Samoan step-migrants from New Zealand. A probit model of the
determinants of unemployment is estimated with controls for human
capital and demographic variables. While human capital endowments are
important, visa restrictions do not have a significant effect on either
group's employability."
Correspondence: R. P. C.
Brown, University of Queensland, Department of Economics, Brisbane,
Queensland 4072, Australia. E-mail: brown@commerce.uq.edu.au.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:40654 Coomans, Géry.
Demographic perspectives and regional labor markets in the European
Union: toward the year 2015. [Perspectives démographiques
et marchés régionaux du travail dans l'Union
Européene: horizon 2015.] Revue du Marché Commun et de
l'Union Européenne, No. 416, Mar 1998. 145-58 pp. Paris, France.
In Fre. with sum. in Eng.
"In many regions of the [European]
Union, the active population is heading for a precocious demographic
contraction. Where high levels of job occupation restrict reserves
which could be used, the creation of employment will run up against
relative or absolute labour shortages. The adjustment of local labour
markets will then be based on various types of flow e.g. migration of
more or less qualified labour, flight of capital offshore. This means
that a restructuring of the entire European unemployment map is
possible, within 10 to 15 years. Furthermore, the ageing of populations
in employment will cause numerous problems, which must be confronted in
advance."
Location: U.S. Library of Congress,
Washington, D.C.
64:40655 Dex, Shirley; Joshi, Heather; Macran,
Susan; McCulloch, Andrew. Women's employment transitions
around child bearing. Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics,
Vol. 60, No. 1, Feb 1998. 79-98 pp. Oxford, England. In Eng.
"Longitudinal employment histories have provided dynamic
evidence on mothers' transitions and continuity in employment.... This
perspective reveals how the lives of women in the more recent
generations have been affected by policies which should facilitate less
intermittent attachment to paid work.... These issues are explored here
using the employment histories of British women who had become mothers,
using the latest sweep of the National Child Development Study (NCDS)
1958 birth cohort at age of 33."
Correspondence: S.
Dex, University of Cambridge, Judge Institute, Cambridge CB2 1TN,
England. Location: Princeton University Library (PF).
64:40656 Fernandez, Marilyn; Kim, Kwang
Chung. Self-employment rates of Asian immigrant groups: an
analysis of intragroup and intergroup differences. International
Migration Review, Vol. 32, No. 3, Fall 1998. 654-81 pp. Staten Island,
New York. In Eng.
"Self employment rates and related business
activities of four groups of recent adult Asian immigrants (Koreans,
Chinese, Asian Indians, and Vietnamese) are empirically examined with
the 1990 [U.S.] census data. As expected, both intra- and intergroup
differences in self-employment rates are observed among the four
groups. Korean immigrants are sharply different from other Asian
immigrant groups in their rate of self-employment and pattern of
intragroup differences in self-employment rates. As a whole, for
non-Korean Asian immigrant groups, intragroup differences in
self-employment rates can be explained by the interactive model and by
the related issue of immigrants' labor market disadvantage in the
United States.... The pattern of their intragroup difference is better
explained by the linkage between their business and their home country
economies reflecting the international dimension of immigrant small
business entrepreneurship."
Correspondence: M.
Fernandez, Santa Clara University, Santa Clara, CA 95053. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:40657 Lattes, Alfredo E.; Bertoncello,
Rodolfo. Demographic dynamics, migrants from bordering
countries and economic activity in Buenos Aires. [Dinámica
demográfica, migración limítrofe y actividad
económica en Buenos Aires.] Estudios Migratorios
Latinoamericanos, Vol. 12, No. 35, Apr 1997. 5-30 pp. Buenos Aires,
Argentina. In Spa. with sum. in Eng.
Preliminary results are
presented from an ongoing research project on the economically active
population in the Buenos Aires metropolitan region of Argentina in the
period 1981-1991. The primary focus is on the relationship between
migration and economic activity, which is studied by comparing the
native labor force with workers coming from countries sharing a common
border with Argentina. The extent to which the level of economic
activity is affected by changes in the age and sex structure of the
labor force as well as by place of origin is
considered.
Correspondence: A. E. Lattes, Centro de
Estudios de Población, Casilla 4397, Correo Central, 1000 Buenos
Aires, Argentina. Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
64:40658 Lundberg, Shelly; Rose,
Elaina. Parenthood and the earnings of married men and
women. Seattle Population Research Center Working Paper, No. 98-9,
Jun 1998. 19, [7] pp. University of Washington, Seattle Population
Research Center: Seattle, Washington. In Eng.
"In this paper,
we use a sample of individuals in intact marriages for the years
1980-1992 from the PSID [U.S. Panel Study of Income Dynamics] to
provide a comprehensive description of the relationship between
parenthood and both hourly wages and annual hours worked. The analysis
consists of two parts. First, we use random effects estimates to
generate age-earnings and age-hours profiles for parents and
non-parents. Second, we use fixed effects to estimate the effect of the
birth of the first child on wages and hours worked for parents. We
focus on the joint response of household members to the appearance of
the child, and allow responses to vary for households in which the wife
is a continuous participant in the labor force and those in which her
participation is intermittent."
Correspondence:
Seattle Population Research Center, c/o University of Washington,
Center for Studies in Demography and Ecology, Department of Sociology
DK-40, Seattle, WA 98195. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
64:40659 Maguid, Alicia. Migrants
from bordering countries in the labor force of the metropolitan area of
Buenos Aires, 1980-1996. [Migrantes limítrofes en el
mercado de trabajo del area metropolitana de Buenos Aires, 1980-1996.]
Estudios Migratorios Latinoamericanos, Vol. 12, No. 35, Apr 1997. 31-62
pp. Buenos Aires, Argentina. In Spa. with sum. in Eng.
The place of
immigrants from countries bordering Argentina in the labor force of the
Buenos Aires metropolitan area in the period 1980-1996 is analyzed. The
results suggest that up to 1991, such immigrants integrated themselves
relatively easily into the labor force in the traditional way,
primarily by taking jobs rejected by the native labor force because of
low wages or poor working conditions. However, economic changes
occurring since 1991 have changed the situation radically and called
into question the present and future role of such immigration. In
particular, worsening economic conditions have resulted in a decline in
the number of jobs available, particularly in the manufacturing and
building sectors, and immigrants have been affected more harshly than
natives by these changes. The author considers whether these changes
are likely to result in more competition between immigrant and native
labor for the work available, or whether immigration flows will decline
in response to these changes.
Correspondence: A. Maguid,
Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Censos, CONICET, Avenida Pte
Julio A. Roca 609, 1067 Buenos Aires, Argentina. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:40660 Martin, Philip. Guest
worker policies for the twenty-first century. New Community, Vol.
23, No. 4, Oct 1997. 483-94 pp. Abingdon, England. In Eng.
"This article reviews the rationale for and evolution of macro
guest worker programmes in Germany and the USA in the 1950s and 1960s,
and then turns to the micro guest worker programmes developed over the
past decade. The article then notes that there is a widening
disjuncture between the growing need for detailed and credible labour
market information to administer the new micro programmes at a time
when governments are reducing their presence in labour markets. This
may make it hard to avoid the traditional problems associated with
guest worker programmes, namely the distortion of the economic sectors
that become dependent on foreign workers, and the settlement of some
foreign workers."
Correspondence: P. Martin,
University of California, Department of Agricultural Economics, Davis,
CA 95616. Location: Princeton University Library (FST).
64:40661 Ouyyanont, Porphant.
Bangkok as a magnet for rural labour: changing conditions,
1900-1970. Southeast Asian Studies, Vol. 36, No. 1, Jun 1998.
78-108 pp. Kyoto, Japan. In Eng.
"This paper deals with wage
formation and the transition of Thailand from an `expensive' to a
`cheap' labour country which occurred around the 1950s. Significant
factors explaining the change include population growth, the rice
premium, labour productivity and changing rural conditions. Crucial,
though, was the growth of Bangkok and the decline of Chinese
immigration which took place after 1950."
Correspondence:
P. Ouyyanont, Sukhothai Thammathirat Open University, School of
Economics, Nonthaburi 11120, Thailand. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
64:40662 Piras, Luca. Some
materials for the study of "labor force differences" of
immigrants from outside the European Union. [Materiali per uno
studio del "differenziale lavorativo" degli immigrati
extracomunitari.] Studi Emigrazione/Migration Studies, Vol. 35, No.
129, 1998. 87-98 pp. Rome, Italy. In Ita. with sum. in Eng; Fre.
"The article analyses the social, economic and theoretical
dynamics which cause the non-EU immigrant workers [in Italy] to adopt
specific work patterns to increase their own integration into the
labour market of the host country. This requires an availability on the
part of the immigrants to a vast range of jobs, working conditions and
lack of a proper contract which are unacceptable [to] local workers.
This situation may also create replacement phenomena in some specific
areas. The higher profits gained by firms as a consequence of this, as
well as the availability of a flexible labour market, is to be found
only in illegal situations and feeds the demand for this category of
non-EU workers. The article deals also with the social integration
processes which alter this working behaviour as well as the phenomenon
of specific offers to newly arrived immigrants, which, in turn,
generates high turn-over levels in the firms with the expulsion of the
more integrated immigrants."
Correspondence: L. Piras,
Ministerio del Lavoro della Previdenza Sociale, Direzione Provinciale
del Lavoro di Viterbo, Viterbo, Italy. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
64:40663 Seifert, Wolfgang.
Social, occupational and economic mobility of Mediterranean
migrants in Germany. Demographie Aktuell, No. 6, 1995. 16 pp.
Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Philosophische Fakultät III,
Institut für Sozialwissenschaften, Lehrstuhl
Bevölkerungswissenschaft: Berlin, Germany. In Eng.
This is a
paper presented at the European Population Conference in Milan, Italy,
in September 1995. "Mediterranean immigrants still hold the lower
positions in the German labour market. The employment profile is
clearly different from German employees.... The situation of the second
generation of immigrants has clearly improved.... But compared to
Germans of the same age their occupational success is limited. The
social situation of immigrants is characterised by increasing
segregation."
Correspondence:
Humboldt-Universität, Lehrstuhl
Bevölkerungswissenschaft, Unter den Linden, 10099 Berlin, Germany.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:40664 Zhang, Junjie; Beaujot,
Roderic. Family attributes in the return to full-time and
part-time employment. Canadian Studies in Population, Vol. 25, No.
1, 1998. 29-44 pp. Edmonton, Canada. In Eng. with sum. in Fre.
"On the basis of the 1992-93 [Canadian] Survey of Income and
Labour Dynamics, we consider the return to full-time and part-time
employment as competing risks for persons who have been not-employed
after a period of employment. It is found that family characteristics
play a larger role than human capital factors in this transition. In
particular, married men are more likely to return to employment,
especially full-time. While married women are not significantly
different from single women, cohabitating women are more likely to
return to full-time employment."
Correspondence: J.
Zhang, University of Western Ontario, Population Studies Centre,
Department of Sociology, London, Ontario N6A 5C2, Canada. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
