Studies that treat quantitative fertility data analytically. References to crude data are coded under S. Official Statistical Publications. Methodological studies specifically concerned with fertility are cited in this division and cross-referenced to N. Methods of Research and Analysis Including Models, if necessary.
Analytical studies of quantitative birth data and reproduction rates and studies of fertility and its concomitants. Studies of age at marriage, divorce, and factors influencing family size are coded under G.1. Marriage and Divorce or G.2. Family and Household.
64:40206 Adetunji, Jacob A.
Unintended childbearing in developing countries: levels, trends,
and determinants. DHS Analytical Report, No. 8, Jun 1998. viii, 46
pp. Macro International, Demographic and Health Surveys [DHS]:
Calverton, Maryland. In Eng.
"The objective of this
report...is to use large-scale survey data that are cross-nationally
comparable to study the levels, trends, and determinants of unintended
fertility in developing countries. The report is based on the analysis
of data from the Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) conducted in 10
selected countries that have participated in the DHS program at least
twice. The countries are Colombia, the Dominican Republic, Egypt,
Ghana, Indonesia, Kenya, Morocco, Peru, Senegal, and
Zimbabwe."
Correspondence: Macro International,
Demographic and Health Surveys, 11785 Beltsville Drive, Calverton, MD
20705-3119. E-mail: reports@macroint.com. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
64:40207 Al-Qudsi, Sulayman. The
demand for children in Arab countries: evidence from panel and count
data models. Journal of Population Economics, Vol. 11, No. 3, Aug
1998. 435-52 pp. Berlin, Germany. In Eng.
"This paper provides
empirical evidence on fertility determinants in Arab countries.
Adopting a macro and micro framework and exploiting panel and count
data models the paper estimates the impact of cultural and economic
factors on the demand for children. The results obtained strongly
support the hypothesis that cross-country heterogeneity buttresses
differentiated fertility and that female education mitigates high
fertility. Child mortality and parent's preferences for sons positively
affect fertility. By and large, demand for children is price and income
inelastic."
Correspondence: S. Al-Qudsi, Sierra
College, California Energy Commission, Development Division, 3020
Mendel Way, Sacramento, CA 95833. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
64:40208 Al-Qudsi, Sulayman S.
Labour participation of Arab women: estimates of the fertility to
labour supply link. Applied Economics, Vol. 30, No. 7, Jul 1998.
931-41 pp. London, England. In Eng.
"Research conducted in
this paper has two objectives. First, to review recent aggregate trends
in Arab female employment and its link to fertility. Second, to apply a
two-step econometric model to micro data sets of four Arab countries in
order to estimate the impact of fertility and its correlates on the
labour supply of Arab women.... The Poisson maximum likelihood
estimation demonstrates that age at marriage, women's education, infant
mortality and preference for male offspring are important determinants
of fertility. In all countries examined, our findings confirm that
fertility produces a strong negative influence on women's labour
participation."
Location: Princeton University Library
(PF).
64:40209 Awasthi, Arvind. A
comparative analysis of birth and death rates in Indian states.
Demography India, Vol. 26, No. 2, Jul-Dec 1997. 149-76 pp. Delhi,
India. In Eng.
"The purpose of the present paper is to analyse
the trend in birth and death rates of India and some of its major
states so that it can be ascertained which of the states have a high
natural growth rate of population and what steps can be taken in these
states to mitigate the sharp rise in natural growth of population. This
calls for diagnosing those factors which are responsible for the
differentials in birth and death rates.... Our analysis of the trend in
birth and death rates [will] demarcate different stages of demographic
transition in India and the various states considered in the
study."
Correspondence: A. Awasthi, Lucknow
University, Department of Economics, Population Research Centre,
Badshah Bagh, Lucknow 226 007, Uttar Pradesh, India. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:40210 Basu, Alaka M. Women's
education, marriage and fertility: do men really not matter?
Population and Development Program Working Papers Series, No. 96.03,
1996. 13, [4] pp. Cornell University, Department of Rural Sociology,
Population and Development Program: Ithaca, New York. In Eng.
"This paper proposes that demographic analyses which look at
only one aspect of marriage--its timing--in their search for the
mechanisms behind a female education and fertility relationship,
miss...a crucial dimension of marriage which is also linked to female
education and to fertility.... [I hypothesize] that the educated man
who marries an educated woman is qualitatively different from the
educated or uneducated man who marries an uneducated woman and one of
the important ways in which he is different is in having lower
reproductive goals." The geographical focus is on
India.
Correspondence: Cornell University, Department of
Rural Sociology, Population and Development Program, 134 Warren Hall,
Ithaca, NY 14853-7801. Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
64:40211 Bledsoe, Caroline; Banja,
Fatoumatta. Numerators and denominators in the study of
high fertility populations: past and potential contributions from
cultural anthropology. In: The continuing demographic transition,
edited by G. W. Jones et al. 1997. 246-67 pp. Clarendon Press: Oxford,
England. In Eng.
"I briefly summarize some remarkable recent
findings from The Gambia on an explanatory framework that appears to
underlie much reproductive decision-making in high fertility West
Africa. That is, it is not a woman's age or the number of children she
has had that makes her fertility behaviour change. Rather, it is how
she perceives the present reproductive health of her body....
I...assert that the Gambian findings suggest new ways of bringing
together disciplinary strengths in social organization, demography, and
biology in ways that none, individually, has yet
done."
Correspondence: C. Bledsoe, Northwestern
University, Department of Anthropology, Evanston, IL 60208-1310.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:40212 Bouwens, A. Postponed
parenthood: a review of recent research on the social consequences of
the postponement of the first child. [Uitgesteld ouderschap: een
onderzoek naar de maatschappelijke consequenties van het uitstel van de
geboorte van het eerste kind.] Sep 1996. 86 pp. Emancipatieraad: The
Hague, Netherlands. In Dut.
This is a review of the results of
recent research on the social consequences of the tendency of women in
the Netherlands to delay having children until they are older. Topics
covered include the motivation for postponing the birth of the first
child, the relationship between female labor force participation and
fertility, the availability of child care facilities and fertility, and
the consequences of becoming pregnant at an older
age.
Correspondence: Emancipatieraad, Postbus 90806, 2509
LV The Hague, Netherlands. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
64:40213 Brass, William; Juarez, Fatima;
Scott, Anne. An analysis of parity-dependent fertility
falls in tropical Africa. In: The continuing demographic
transition, edited by G. W. Jones et al. 1997. 80-93 pp. Clarendon
Press: Oxford, England. In Eng.
The authors analyze changes in
parity-dependent fertility in tropical Africa by time periods and
cohorts. "The most important conclusion from the analysis is that
a transition to regimes of lower fertility through family limitation
became widespread over Africa South of the Sahara in the
1980s."
Correspondence: W. Brass, London School of
Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Centre for Population Studies, Keppel
Street, London WC1E 7HT, England. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
64:40214 Caldwell, Bruce;
Barkat-e-Khuda. The first generation to control family
size: understanding Bangladesh's fertility decline from the perspective
of the participants. ICDDR, B Working Paper, No. 73, ISBN
984-551-092-2. 1997. 22 pp. International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease
Research, Bangladesh [ICDDR, B]: Dhaka, Bangladesh. In Eng.
The
factors associated with the rapid fertility decline that has occurred
in Bangladesh are analyzed using data from interviews with 67 women
selected from the Sample Registration System of the ICDDR, B MCH-FP
Extension Project (Rural). "The women were from Abhoynagar Thana
in Southwestern Bangladesh and consisted of two groups: women who were
currently practicing family planning, and women who had never practiced
or had not done so for at least four years. The findings confirm that
the family planning program has played an essential role in
Bangladesh's fertility decline, but also indicate that economic and
social changes, and especially growing aspirations (particularly for an
alternative life outside agriculture) have combined with changes in
family decision-making to make couples more receptive to the family
planning message."
Correspondence: International
Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, G.P.O. Box 128,
Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh. E-mail: barkat@cholera.bangla.net.
Location: Brown University Library, Providence, RI.
64:40215 Caldwell, John C. A new
look at the Asian fertility transition. Pakistan Development
Review, Vol. 35, No. 4, Part 1, Winter 1996. 385-98 pp. Islamabad,
Pakistan. In Eng.
The author traces the fertility transition in
Asia between 1965 and 1988. The role of policies in bringing about
changes in fertility behavior is emphasized. Comments by Zeba A. Sathar
are included (pp. 394-8).
Correspondence: J. C. Caldwell,
Australian National University, Health Transition Centre, Canberra, ACT
0200, Australia. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:40216 Caldwell, John C.; Caldwell,
Pat. What do we now know about fertility transition?
In: The continuing demographic transition, edited by G. W. Jones et al.
1997. 15-25 pp. Clarendon Press: Oxford, England. In Eng.
The
authors discuss problems of interpretation regarding the fertility
transition. Aspects considered include fertility control in
pre-transitional societies; lessons learned from the study of recent
European history; the social and ideological components of transition
timing and pace; the impact of organized family planning programs on
the speed of transition; and the effects of government
coercion.
Correspondence: J. C. Caldwell, Australian
National University, National Centre for Epidemiology and Population
Health, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
64:40217 Cohen, Barney. The
emerging fertility transition in Sub-Saharan Africa. World
Development, Vol. 26, No. 8, Aug 1998. 1,431-61 pp. Oxford, England. In
Eng.
"This paper summarizes the recent evidence on levels,
trends and differentials in achieved fertility, nuptiality, and
contraceptive use in Sub-Saharan Africa. Drawing from a wide variety of
data sources...an interesting picture of fertility decline emerges, one
that is quite at odds with the popular perception of stationary or very
limited fertility decline. A fairly widespread decline in fertility is
currently underway across Africa. Moderate to large declines in
fertility have already taken place in Kenya, Rwanda, Zimbabwe,
Botswana, South Africa, and Côte d'Ivoire, with smaller declines
observed in Malawi, Tanzania, Zambia, Cameroon, Central African
Republic, Burkina Faso, Gambia, Ghana, Mauritania, Senegal, and Sierra
Leone. The driving forces behind these changes are later marriage and
the greater use of modern contraception. A unique characteristic of
African transitions appears to be the extent to which contraceptives
are being used to space rather than to limit
births."
Correspondence: B. Cohen, National Research
Council, 2101 Constitution Avenue NW, Washington, D.C. 20418.
Location: Princeton University Library (PF).
64:40218 Crognier, E. Is the
reduction of birth intervals an efficient reproductive strategy in
traditional Morocco? Annals of Human Biology, Vol. 25, No. 5,
Sep-Oct 1998. 479-87 pp. London, England. In Eng.
"Birth
interval lengths are analysed from reproductive life histories of 517
Berber peasant women of the region of Marrakesh (Southern Morocco),
whose fertility developed in a full traditional context.... The
reproductive efficiency of the traditional propensity to a large family
size is...examined by means of two different evaluations of
reproductive success: the `absolute' reproductive success (the absolute
number of offspring surviving to maturity) and the `relative'
reproductive success (the proportion of live born surviving to
maturity).... It is suggested that these two behaviours are not
contradictory, and that they represent two successive steps of the same
reproductive adjustment to evolving environmental
conditions."
Correspondence: E. Crognier,
Université de la Méditerranée, Faculté de
Médecine Secteur Centre, 27 boulevard Jean Moulin, 13385
Marseille Cedex 5, France. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
64:40219 de Jong, A. H. Fertility
scenarios for the European Economic Area. Maandstatistiek van de
Bevolking, Vol. 46, No. 7, Jul 1998. 11-26 pp. Voorburg, Netherlands.
In Eng.
"This article describes the assumptions on fertility
underlying the new population scenarios for countries of the European
Economic Area. Three scenarios will be presented. The Baseline scenario
describes a situation in which observed developments are continued.
According to this scenario, fertility will, within the projection
period, hardly change in most countries. The Low and High scenarios
describe possible alternatives, assuming a different economic and
political context. The High scenario assumes that fertility will
increase in all countries, whereas in the Low scenario fertility will
decline in most countries."
Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
64:40220 De Wit, Margaret L.; Ravanera,
Zenaida R. The changing impact of women's educational
attainment and employment on the timing of births in Canada.
Canadian Studies in Population, Vol. 25, No. 1, 1998. 45-67 pp.
Edmonton, Canada. In Eng. with sum. in Fre.
"Analyzing 1995
Canadian General Social Survey data and making use of Cox Proportional
Hazards (1972), we consider possible cohort differences in the impact
of women's education and employment on birth timing.... Our findings
demonstrate the continuing importance of education and employment for
more recent cohorts and also reflect their increasing impact over time
on birth timing. Further analyses of interactions between education and
employment show that, for all cohorts, the effect of previous
employment increases with level of
education...."
Correspondence: M. L. De Wit,
University of Western Ontario, Southwest Region Health Information
Partnership, UWO Research Park, London, Ontario N6A 3K7, Canada.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:40221 Demeny, Paul.
Replacement-level fertility: the implausible endpoint of the
demographic transition. In: The continuing demographic transition,
edited by G. W. Jones et al. 1997. 94-110 pp. Clarendon Press: Oxford,
England. In Eng.
The author discusses questions about
replacement-level fertility and continued sustenance of stability. He
comments "on current population forecasts--demographic constructs
that underlie and reinforce popular notions about the end of
demographic transition as a stationary population. Next, I contrast the
assumptions incorporated in these constructs with views derived from
population theory. Finally, I consider some of the policy implications
of the alternative perspectives on post-transition fertility
trends."
Correspondence: P. Demeny, Population
Council, One Dag Hammarskjold Plaza, New York, NY 10017. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:40222 Dissanayake, Lakshman.
Timing of first birth in Sri Lanka. Journal of Family Welfare,
Vol. 43, No. 4, Dec 1997. 1-7 pp. Mumbai, India. In Eng.
"In
the present study, a detailed examination is made of the timing of the
first birth and its relationship with the timing of first marriage,
incidence of premarital conceptions and association with age at first
birth, and reasons for a long interval before the first birth.... This
study uses data from the Sri Lanka Fertility Survey of 1975 (SLFS), the
Sri Lanka Demographic and Health Survey of 1987 (SLDHS) and the Sri
Lanka Demographic Change Project of 1985
(SLDCP)."
Correspondence: L. Dissanayake, University
of Adelaide, Department of Geography, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:40223 Galloway, Patrick R.; Lee, Ronald D.;
Hammel, Eugene A. Urban versus rural: fertility decline in
the cities and rural districts of Prussia, 1875 to 1910. European
Journal of Population/Revue Européenne de Démographie,
Vol. 14, No. 3, Sep 1998. 209-64 pp. Dordrecht, Netherlands. In Eng.
with sum. in Fre.
"Marital fertility in 54 Prussian cities and
407 Prussian Kreise (administrative areas) is analyzed using unusually
rich and detailed socioeconomic and demographic data from eight
quinquennial [censuses] between 1875 and 1910. Pooled cross-section
time series methods are used to examine influences on marital fertility
level and on marital fertility decline, focusing particularly on
fertility differences according to level of urbanization. Increases in
female labour force participation rate and income, the growth of
financial services and communications, improvement in education, and
reduction in infant mortality account for most of the marital fertility
decline in 19th century Prussia. In 1875, rural and urban fertility
were similar but by 1910, urban fertility was far lower than rural in
part because the values of some of these variables changed more rapidly
in the cities, and in part because some of these variables had stronger
effects in urban settings."
Correspondence: P. R.
Galloway, University of California, Department of Demography, 2232
Piedmont Avenue, Berkeley, CA 94720-2120. E-mail:
galloway@demog.berkeley.edu. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
64:40224 González Cervera, Alfonso
S. The study of reproductive behavior from a cultural
perspective. [El estudio del comportamiento reproductivo desde una
perspectiva cultural.] Estudios Demográficos y Urbanos, Vol. 13,
No. 1, Jan-Apr 1998. 141-82; 238-9 pp. Mexico City, Mexico. In Spa.
with sum. in Eng.
"The objective of this research is to
develop a methodological proposal for studying the relation between
culture and human reproduction, seeking particularly to apply it in the
Mexican population.... The results of the study suggest that the
prevailing Mexican values have favored high fertility. However, there
are important differences between population groups (for example,
between those with a higher and lower educational level). There is
evidence of contradictory values, both individually and collectively,
and of new valuation processes."
Correspondence: A. S.
González Cervera, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana,
Unidad Xochimilco, Calz. del Hueso 1100, Col. Villa Quietud, C.P.
04960, Mexico City, DF, Mexico. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
64:40225 Herter-Eschweiler, Robert.
Long-term fertility trends in Germany: an attempt to integrate
existing approaches to explaining reproductive behavior. [Die
langfristige Geburtenentwicklung in Deutschland: der Versuch einer
Integration bestehender Erklärungsansätze zum generativen
Verhalten.] Schriftenreihe des Bundesinstituts für
Bevölkerungsforschung, No. 27, ISBN 3-8100-2169-5. 1998. xv, 306
pp. Bundesinstitut für Bevölkerungsforschung: Wiesbaden,
Germany; Leske und Budrich: Opladen, Germany. In Ger.
After a brief
summary of fertility trends in Germany over the last 150 years, several
behavioral models are examined to assess their suitability for being
part of an integrated explanation of reproductive behavior. A
micro-sociological behavioral model that assumes rational decision
making seems most suitable, and a base model of this type is then
developed in light of which existing research about reproductive
behavior is discussed and analyzed.
Correspondence: Leske
und Budrich, Gerhart-Hauptmann-Straße 27, 51379 Leverkusen,
Germany. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:40226 Hull, Terence H.; Hull, Valerie
J. Politics, culture and fertility: transitions in
Indonesia. In: The continuing demographic transition, edited by G.
W. Jones et al. 1997. 383-421 pp. Clarendon Press: Oxford, England. In
Eng.
"In this paper we will explore the politics and culture
of fertility decline in Indonesia through an analysis of the role of
government in the creation of institutions that have effectively
promoted and provided contraceptives to married couples. Central to our
thesis is the notion that a combination of a nationalist ideology
committed to political stability and the effective use of instruments
of social control were crucial in the implementation of a wide variety
of popular government programmes including primary schooling, health
service delivery, and family planning."
Correspondence:
T. H. Hull, Australian National University, Research School of
Social Sciences, Demography Program, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:40227 Islam, M. Mazharul; Yadava, R.
C. Estimation of fecundability: levels and trends in
Bangladesh. Journal of Family Welfare, Vol. 43, No. 3, Sep 1997.
13-21 pp. Mumbai, India. In Eng.
"The objective of this paper
is to estimate fecundability by the model fitting technique to data on
the distribution of the number of births to women with a fixed marital
duration and to study its levels and trends in Bangladesh.... The study
is based on data available from two national level fertility surveys,
the Bangladesh Fertility Surveys (BFS) of 1975 and
1989."
Correspondence: M. M. Islam, University of
Dhaka, Department of Statistics, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:40228 Kato, Hisakazu. Time
series analysis of fertility change in postwar Japan. Jinkogaku
Kenkyu/Journal of Population Studies, No. 20, May 1997. 23-35 pp.
Tokyo, Japan. In Eng. with sum. in Jpn.
An analysis of changes in
fertility over time in Japan since World War II is presented. As a
result of the analysis, the author concludes that "the change of
fertility has moved according to a random walk with a drift, not a
`deterministic' trend. Therefore, fertility is influenced by
probability factors over the long-term; hence, there is the possibility
that fertility will be reversed upward by an exogenous shock in the
future." Attention is given to the impact on fertility of the year
of Hinoe-Uma in 1966, the supposedly unlucky year for
births.
Correspondence: H. Kato, Central Research Institute
of Electric Power Industry, Tokyo, Japan. Location: Princeton
University Library (Gest).
64:40229 Khan, H. T. Abdullah; Raeside,
Robert. The determinants of first and subsequent births in
urban and rural areas of Bangladesh. Asia-Pacific Population
Journal, Vol. 13, No. 2, Jun 1998. 39-72 pp. Bangkok, Thailand. In Eng.
"This study focuses on the factors responsible for subsequent
births in urban and rural Bangladesh. The results indicate that women
with a higher age at the time of first marriage, higher education, work
experience before first pregnancy and who take joint family planning
decisions are at increased risk of having a first birth. These
variables have the reverse effect for subsequent births. Later age and
longer duration of birth interval are associated with lower risk of
progressing towards having higher-order births over a 15-year period.
In addition, religion, religiosity and child death are found to have a
large positive effect on subsequent births in rural
Bangladesh."
Correspondence: H. T. A. Khan, University
of Dhaka, Department of Statistics, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh. E-mail:
akhan.stat@ducc.agni.com. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
64:40230 Kritz, Mary M.; Makinwa-Adebusoye,
Paulina; Gurak, Douglas T. Wife's empowerment and
fertility in Nigeria: the role of context. Population and
Development Program Working Papers Series, No. 97.05, 1997. 13, [5] pp.
Cornell University, Department of Rural Sociology, Population and
Development Program: Ithaca, New York. In Eng.
"In this paper,
we look at how gender conditions in different social contexts shape the
reproductive behaviour of wives in five Nigerian ethnic groups.
We...examine how gender conditions in wife's context of residence shape
reproductive behaviour. To do this, we classify contexts according to
their `average' characteristics on gender dimensions and refer to these
gender-differentiated areas as `empowerment
contexts'."
Correspondence: Cornell University,
Department of Rural Sociology, Population and Development Program, 134
Warren Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853-7801. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
64:40231 Li, Li. Deviant
fertility in China. ISBN 1-56072-445-5. LC 97-209464. 1997. 155
pp. Nova Science Publishers: Commack, New York. In Eng.
"This
manuscript contributes to a better understanding of `deviant fertility'
in China. To do so...[it] attempts to pursue the following objectives:
(1) Conceptualize the `out-of-plan' fertility in China in a theoretical
framework that incorporates sociology of fertility with deviant
behavior perspectives. (2) Establish research models, based upon the
conceptual framework developed, to identify relevant variables and to
illustrate behavior patterns in their social contexts. (3) Understand
the `out-of plan' fertility by examining its determinants with
comparison to its `planned' counterpart."
Correspondence:
Nova Science Publishers, 6080 Jericho Turnpike, Suite 207,
Commack, NY 11725. E-mail: Novascience@earthlink.net. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:40232 Locoh, Thérèse; Vallin,
Jacques. Africa south of the Sahara: the fertility
decline. [Afrique noire: la baisse de la fécondité.]
Population et Sociétés, No. 338, Sep 1998. 1-3 pp. Paris,
France. In Fre.
The authors review the growing evidence that a
decline in fertility is occurring in the countries of Africa south of
the Sahara. The relative contribution of delays in marriage and the
practice of contraception to this decline is assessed. The authors note
that, even with this decline, the population of the region is likely to
increase from around 570 million in 1995 to 1.5 billion in 2050, and
that the basic development problems of the region remain
unsolved.
Correspondence: J. Vallin, Institut National
d'Etudes Démographiques, 133 boulevard Davout, 75980 Paris Cedex
20, France. E-mail: vallin@ined.fr. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
64:40233 Marsiglio, Willliam.
Procreative man. ISBN 0-8147-5578-X. LC 97-21089. 1998. xi,
276 pp. New York University Press: New York, New York/London, England.
In Eng.
This book is about the male role in the procreative process
in the contemporary United States. The author's basic objective
"is to provide a fresh conceptual scheme for viewing men's diverse
thoughts and actions as procreative beings. I strive to be
comprehensive in presenting a theoretically informed overview of men's
experiences as they encounter the variegated question of
procreation." Procreation is defined to include such issues as
conception, contraception, abortion, assisted reproductive
technologies, gestation, childbearing, adoption, stepfatherhood, child
support, and child care.
Correspondence: New York
University Press, 70 Washington Square South, New York, NY 10012.
Location: Princeton University Library (FST).
64:40234 Maxwell, Nan L.
Fertility policy and employment: implications from the former
Soviet Union. Population Research and Policy Review, Vol. 17, No.
4, Aug 1998. 351-68 pp. Dordrecht, Netherlands. In Eng.
"Using
individual-level survey data that were collected in Russia in 1993, we
analyze the fertility-employment relationship for a sample of urban
women who bore children during the Soviet era. Although some Russian
policy makers advocate policies that reduce female employment to
stimulate fertility, we find little empirical support to ensure success
of these policies. Specifically, we find no connection between
employment and fertility for our sample of Russian females, perhaps
because of their historic, mandated commitment to the labor market.
Instead, we find that demographics and attitudes influence fertility
decision-making."
Correspondence: N. L. Maxwell,
California State University, Department of Economics and Human
Investment Research and Education Center, Hayward, CA 94542. E-mail:
nmaxwell@csuhayward.edu. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
64:40235 Mboup, Gora; Saha, Tulshi.
Fertility levels, trends, and differentials. DHS Comparative
Studies, No. 28, Aug 1998. vii, 78 pp. Macro International, Demographic
and Health Surveys [DHS]: Calverton, Maryland. In Eng.
"The
objective of this study is to examine current fertility levels, assess
fertility trends, and analyze socioeconomic differentials in fertility
in developing countries in sub-Saharan Africa, Asia/Near East/North
Africa, and Latin America/Caribbean.... The report includes data from
28 countries in which DHS surveys were conducted between 1990 and 1995
under the second and third phases of the DHS program. Several measures
of fertility are presented according to women's residence, migration
status, level of education, current work status, and husband's
education and occupation. The report examines trends in fertility for
all countries using birth history data. In addition, for 12 countries
for which data are available from at least two DHS surveys, the study
examines fertility trends. Finally, the study examines age at first
birth, parity progression ratios, and information on the length of
birth intervals to evaluate changes in the onset of reproduction,
spacing of births, and termination of
childbearing."
Correspondence: Macro International,
Demographic and Health Surveys, 11785 Beltsville Drive, Calverton, MD
20705-3119. E-mail: reports@macroint.com. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
64:40236 Mindogulov, Vladimir V.
Some tendencies of Russian Far East population reproduction during
a period of transition to a market economy. [Nekotorye tendentsii
vosproizvodstva naseleniya dal'nego vostoka na etape perekhoda k
rynku.] Sotsiologicheskie Issledovaniya, Vol. 23, No. 4, 1996. 116-9
pp. Moscow, Russia. In Rus.
Demographic trends associated with the
change from a centrally planned to a free-market economy in the far
eastern regions of Russia are analyzed. The author notes that there has
been a general outflow of population from the northern industrial
regions, a significant growth in unemployment, and a general decline in
the social situation of the population. Particular attention is given
to an analysis of fertility trends, focusing on the dramatic decline in
fertility, particularly among women in the prime reproductive age
groups. Trends in infant and child mortality are also considered. The
author discusses the possible components of a pronatalist policy that
might reverse the unfavorable fertility trends threatening the region's
future.
Correspondence: V. V. Mindogulov, Russian Academy
of Science, Institute of Economic Studies, Khabarovsk, Russia.
Location: Princeton University Library (PR).
64:40237 Mukhopadhyay, Swapna; Savithri,
R. Poverty, gender and reproductive choice: an analysis of
linkages. ISBN 81-7304-106-7. 1998. 126 pp. Manohar: New Delhi,
India. In Eng.
"This book is an attempt to explore the complex
interlinkages of gender with poverty on the one hand and the interface
of both with women's fertility behaviour and reproductive choice on the
other. Within the parameters of a focussed literature review, the book
analyses the data generated from a very detailed household survey
carried out in two thousand households in rural areas of Uttar Pradesh
and Karnataka [India] in 1994 in order to explore the connections
between a whole range of potentially interlinked
variables."
Correspondence: Manohar Publishers and
Distributors, 2/6 Ansari Road, Daryaganj, New Delhi 110 002, India.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:40238 Nanda, Satyajeet; Sureender,
S. Female work status and its relationship with fertility
and child loss in Orissa. Journal of Family Welfare, Vol. 43, No.
3, Sep 1997. 34-7 pp. Mumbai, India. In Eng.
"The present
paper seeks to examine the relationship between [women's] work status
and (a) the number of children ever born, and (b) child mortality in
Orissa [India].... Along with the three main variables of the study
namely, female work participation, children ever born and child
mortality, certain socioeconomic and demographic variables were also
included...."
Correspondence: S. Nanda, International
Institute for Population Sciences, Govandi Station Road, Deonar, Mumbai
400 088, India. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:40239 Pozo Avalos, Arturo.
Fertility in Imbabura, Los Ríos, Carchi, Tungurahua, and
Manabí. [La fecundidad en Imbabura, Los Ríos,
Carchi, Tungurahua y Manabí.] Correo Poblacional y de la Salud,
Vol. 5, No. 4, Dec 1997. 29-36 pp. Quito, Ecuador. In Spa.
The
authors examine the fertility decline in selected provinces of Ecuador
between 1965 and 1994. Information is provided on total fertility rate
according to education level; distribution of women by marital status;
median age at first birth; prevalence of contraceptive use; and
measurement of intermediate variables of provincial
fertility.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:40240 Reinheckel, Antje; Franke, Kornelia;
Weise, Wolfgang; Robra, Bernt-Peter. Effect of
re-unification on fertility behaviour in East Germany: a review of the
evidence. Reproductive Health Matters, Vol. 6, No. 11, May 1998.
122-8 pp. London, England. In Eng.
"This paper describes the
social and economic factors that influenced fertility behaviour in East
Germany before and after re-unification, arising from the need to adapt
to the new political, social and economic situation.... Data on
abortion and sterilisation show that changes in the availability of
these methods were not likely to have played a major role. Because
there are no longer social benefits connected with early marriage and
childbearing, the younger generation are likely to adapt to West German
fertility behaviour patterns by postponing first births and having
fewer children."
Correspondence: A. Reinheckel,
Universitätsfrauen klinik, G. Hauptmannstraße 35, 39108
Magdeburg, Gemany. E-mail: antje.reinheckel@medizin.uni-magdeburg.de.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:40241 Rendall, Michael S.; Bahchieva, Raisa
A. An old-age security motive for fertility in developed
countries? The large contribution of coresident family to the poverty
alleviation of unmarried and disabled elderly in the United
States. Population and Development Program Working Papers Series,
No. 97.02, 1997. 9 pp. Cornell University, Department of Rural
Sociology, Population and Development Program: Ithaca, New York. In
Eng.
"The old-age security motive for fertility is
conventionally associated with developing countries.... The present
study argues for its continued relevance for developed countries. It
does so primarily by uncovering the large extent of United States
elderly poverty alleviation through coresident family provision of
financial and functional assistance in the mid-1980s, immediately after
the remarkable decline of official elderly poverty rates following
successive expansions of the social security
program."
Correspondence: Cornell University,
Department of Rural Sociology, Population and Development Program, 134
Warren Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853-7801. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
64:40242 Rendall, Michael S.; Clarke, Lynda;
Peters, H. Elizabeth; Ranjit, Nalini; Verropoulou, Georgia.
Incomplete reporting of male fertility in the United States and
Britain. Population and Development Program Working Papers Series,
No. 97.03, 1997. 24, [5] pp. Cornell University, Department of Rural
Sociology, Population and Development Program: Ithaca, New York. In
Eng.
"We conduct a systematic analysis of the quality of men's
fertility reporting with a focus on the effects of non-marital
fertility and marital disruption on reporting completeness. For the
United States and Britain, and for blacks and whites in the United
States, we analyze births deficits from men's reports both overall and
according to the marital status at the time of birth, including by
whether a marital union has subsequently dissolved...."
This is
a revised version of a paper originally presented at the 1997 Annual
Meeting of the Population Association of
America.
Correspondence: Cornell University, Department of
Rural Sociology, Population and Development Program, 134 Warren Hall,
Ithaca, NY 14853-7801. Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
64:40243 Richter, Karin. On
changes in the desire for children and family formation in the new
states of Germany. [Zum Wandel von Kinderwunsch und
Familiengründung in den neuen Bundesländern.] Demographie
Aktuell, No. 8, 1996. 38 pp. Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin,
Philosophische Fakultät III, Institut für
Sozialwissenschaften, Lehrstuhl Bevölkerungswissenschaft: Berlin,
Germany. In Ger.
The author examines the reproductive behavior,
attitudes, and values behind the fertility decline of the East German
population since unification in 1991. Data are taken from interviews of
13 women and 4 men conducted in 1994, as well as surveys of 112
subjects conducted in 1995. All those interviewed or surveyed were 18
to 34 years of age. The author concludes that while reproductive
behavior has slowed, the desire for children has remained relatively
unchanged among young East German women, thereby widening the gap
between ideal, expected, and actual family size.
Correspondence:
Humboldt-Universität, Lehrstuhl
Bevölkerungswissenschaft, Unter den Linden, 10099 Berlin, Germany.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:40244 Rosetta, Lyliane; Mascie-Taylor, C.
G. N. Variability in human fertility. Cambridge
Studies in Biological Anthropology, No. 19, ISBN 0-521-49569-5. 1996.
225 pp. Cambridge University Press: New York, New York/Cambridge,
England. In Eng.
This is a selection of 11 studies by various
authors on aspects of human fertility. "It is widely believed that
reproductive cycles are very similar between human females. However,
there are in fact considerable variations both between individuals and
within the reproductive life of any given individual. `Normal'
reproductive cycles cover a wide range of eventualities, and the
likelihood of successful monthly egg release and ensuing pregnancy can
be modified by a large number of factors. In this book, the variability
of human fertility is examined by first looking at the physiological
processes regulating reproduction, and the roles of metabolic
adaptation and metabolic load. Inter-population variation in normal
ovarian function is then discussed, covering the importance of factors
such as age, disease, and breastfeeding in modifying ovarian
function."
Correspondence: Cambridge University Press,
Pitt Building, Trumpington Street, Cambridge CB2 1RP, England.
Location: Princeton University Library (SZ).
64:40245 Sabuni, G. G.; Mbago, M. C.
Y. The role of education on marital fertility in
Zanzibar. Tanzanian Journal of Population Studies and Development,
Vol. 1, No. 2, 1994. 5-16 pp. Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. In Eng.
"This paper looks at how parents' education has affected
marital fertility (measured by children ever born to the mother) via
some proximate determinants of fertility such as age at marriage,
postpartum variables, and the use of modern contraceptives. Data for
the study were collected from [a] household survey conducted in urban
and rural Zanzibar [in]...1992. Married women in the child-bearing ages
(15-49 years) with at least one live birth and married men aged 18 and
above were interviewed. A total of 398 households were interviewed in
the urban areas, and 869 in the rural areas. For both rural and urban
areas the results showed an inverse relationship between the education
level of both mother and father with
fertility."
Correspondence: G. G. Sabuni, University
of Dar es Salaam, Demographic Unit and Statistics Department, Dar es
Salaam, Tanzania. Location: Michigan State University Library,
East Lansing, MI.
64:40246 Salisbury, Philip S.
Factors affecting birth rates among white women 20-24 years of age:
a trend analysis (January 1972-March 1992). Social Indicators
Research, Vol. 43, No. 3, Mar 1998. 261-89 pp. Dordrecht, Netherlands.
In Eng.
"Using [U.S.] Current Population Survey data, Vital
and Health Statistics data, photoperiod data and temperature data, this
article attempts to provide an interdisciplinary explanation of monthly
(N=243) variation in the dependent variables representing the birth
rate (the rate of conceptions that become live births) for white women
20-24 years of age. Among the selected explanatory variables, four were
found to play significant roles in accounting for the variation of the
birth rate. They were rates of female absence from the labor market
(nonparticipation plus unemployment), male employment rates,
length-of-night variations and the days in the month of
conception."
Correspondence: P. S. Salisbury, People
Tree, Research and Development, 3004 Arlington Drive, Springfield, IL
62704. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:40247 Sánchez, Jesús
J. Social differences in the decline of marital
reproduction in rural Navarre (Spain). European Journal of
Population/Revue Européenne de Démographie, Vol. 14, No.
3, Sep 1998. 291-301 pp. Dordrecht, Netherlands. In Eng. with sum. in
Fre.
"The continued decline of marital fertility in Navarre
(Spain) during the first few decades of the twentieth century was
associated with an increase in life expectancy and greater survival to
adulthood. This decline affected all social strata and all geographical
regions, rural areas as well as cities. Nonetheless, the decline was
not homogeneous. Some sectors of Navarrese society began the fertility
transition earlier than others. Cross sectional analysis is presented
for different years of diverse variables that could be related to the
levels of marital fertility: level of urbanization, occupation of the
father, level of religious devotion and political factors. Statistical
evidence is presented that confirms the relationship of these variables
to the levels of fertility."
Correspondence: J. J.
Sánchez, Public University of Navarre, Pamplona, Spain. E-mail:
jesus.sbarricarte@upna.es. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
64:40248 Schaich, Eberhard. The
fertility breakdown in East Germany since 1990 and some hypotheses for
its explanation. [Der Geburteneinbruch in den neuen
Bundesländern seit 1990 und einige Hypothesen zu seiner
Erklärung.] Jahrbücher für Nationalökonomie und
Statistik, Vol. 217, No. 1, Jan 1998. 93-107 pp. Stuttgart, Germany. In
Ger. with sum. in Eng.
"Since 1990 a dramatic fertility
decline took place in the former GDR. It caused a reproduction level of
not more than 37% in 1994. Pessimistic auspices for social security,
new opportunities of high quality consumption and a quick adaptation of
Western fertility patterns by East Germany's population are the main
reasons assigned to this process.... In this paper arguments are
developed why a precise adaptation of West Germany's fertility level
and pattern by the population of the former GDR is not at all
certain."
Correspondence: E. Schaich,
Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen,
Wirtschaftswissenschaftliche Fakultät, Abteilung Statistik,
Ökonometrie und Unternehmensforschung, Mohlstraße 36, 72074
Tübingen, Germany. Location: Princeton University Library
(PF).
64:40249 Stover, John. Revising
the proximate determinants of fertility framework: what have we learned
in the past 20 years? Studies in Family Planning, Vol. 29, No. 3,
Sep 1998. 255-67 pp. New York, New York. In Eng.
"The
proximate determinants of fertility framework, developed in its current
form by Bongaarts, has been used extensively by researchers for the
past 20 years. Since the initial framework was developed, a wealth of
new survey data on the proximate determinants has become available.
This article reviews the new data and past experiences and suggests
modifications to the framework that would take advantage of this
experience. The major modifications suggested are (1) the use of sexual
activity rather than marriage to indicate exposure to pregnancy; (2) a
revision of the sterility index to measure infecundity from all causes;
(3) a revised index of contraception that accounts for the fact that
users of sterilization may become infecund before age 49; and (4) a
revised definition and estimate of total
fecundity."
Correspondence: J. Stover, Futures Group,
80 Glastonbury Boulevard, Glastonbury, CT 06033. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:40250 Sureender, S.; Devi, D. Radha; Roy,
T. K.; Verma, R. K.; Paswan, Balram; Vaithilingam, M. Why
fertility is low in Tamil Nadu: some plausible explanations using focus
group discussion. IIPS Research Report Series, No. 23, 1995-1996.
[ix], 107 pp. International Institute for Population Sciences [IIPS]:
Mumbai, India. In Eng.
"Tamil Nadu [India] has experienced a
decline in its fertility since early 1970s, even though the decline was
much more pronounced after 1980.... The major aim of the study is to
identify the important determinants that helped to bring down the
fertility in Tamil Nadu and to examine how the changes in those
determinants have been brought about." Sections are included on
determinants of family size changes, marriage age, son preference,
infant deaths, women's status and autonomy, female infanticide,
abortion, knowledge and use of contraceptive methods, and the role of
political leaders in influencing couples' reproductive
behavior.
Correspondence: International Institute for
Population Sciences, Govandi Station Road, Deonar, Mumbai 400 088,
India. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:40251 Takahashi, Shinichi. The
demographic transition in rural areas of northeastern Thailand: two
regimes of population. Jinkogaku Kenkyu/Journal of Population
Studies, No. 20, May 1997. 49-63 pp. Tokyo, Japan. In Jpn. with sum. in
Eng.
An interpretation of the demographic transition is presented
involving two separate sets of conditions, or regimes, that affect
fertility. It is tested using data for northeastern Thailand collected
in surveys carried out in 1994 and 1995. The first regime concerns the
process whereby a growing population attempts to find ways to increase
the supply of available natural resources, by increasing the amount of
land under cultivation, for example, and by restricting fertility as
resources become scarcer. The second regime involves the penetration of
the market economy into rural areas, which changes the demand for
children and the costs of raising them, with more immediate
consequences for fertility. The author shows how both regimes combined
to reduce fertility in the region and to create the conditions for the
success of the national family planning program.
Correspondence:
S. Takahashi, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe
657, Japan. Location: Princeton University Library (Gest).
64:40252 United States. Federal Interagency
Forum on Child and Family Statistics (Washington, D.C.).
Nurturing fatherhood: improving data and research on male
fertility, family formation and fatherhood. Jun 1998. v, 456 pp.
Washington, D.C. In Eng.
This report summarizes the presentations
and recommendations of the Conference on Fathering and Male Fertility:
Improving Data and Research, held March 13-14, 1997. Following a
summary of the findings and recommendations, there are chapters on
research and data needs concerning male fertility and family formation;
conceptual, data, and policymaking issues about social fatherhood and
paternal involvement; methodological issues in improving data on
fathers; and opportunities to improve data and research on fatherhood.
The geographical focus is on the United States.
Correspondence:
Federal Interagency Forum on Child and Family Statistics,
Washington, D.C. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:40253 Ventura, Stephanie J.; Martin, Joyce
A.; Curtin, Sally C.; Mathews, T. J. Report of final
natality statistics, 1996. NCHS Monthly Vital Statistics Report,
Vol. 46, No. 11, Suppl., Pub. Order No. DHHS (PHS) 98-1120. Jun 30,
1998. 100 pp. U.S. National Center for Health Statistics [NCHS]:
Hyattsville, Maryland. In Eng.
"This report presents 1996 data
on U.S. births according to a wide variety of characteristics. Data are
presented for maternal demographic characteristics including age,
live-birth order, race, Hispanic origin, marital status, and
educational attainment; maternal lifestyle and health characteristics
(medical risk factors, weight gain, tobacco and alcohol use); medical
care utilization by pregnant women (prenatal care, obstetric
procedures, complications of labor and/or delivery, attendant at birth,
and method of delivery); and infant health characteristics (period of
gestation, birthweight, Apgar score, abnormal conditions, congenital
anomalies, and multiple births). Also presented are birth and fertility
rates by age, live-birth order, race, Hispanic origin, and marital
status. Selected data by mother's State of residence are shown
including teenage birth rates and total fertility rates, as well as
data on month and day of birth, sex ratio, and age of father. Trends in
fertility patterns and maternal and infant characteristics are
described and interpreted."
Correspondence: U.S.
National Center for Health Statistics, 6525 Belcrest Road, Hyattsville,
MD 20782-2003. E-mail: nchsquery@cdc.gov. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
64:40254 Yadav, S. S.; Badari, V. S.
Age at effective marriage and fertility: an analysis of data for
North Kanara. Journal of Family Welfare, Vol. 43, No. 3, Sep 1997.
61-6 pp. Mumbai, India. In Eng.
"This paper seeks to examine
the effect of age at effective marriage (cohabitation) on fertility in
a project area under the India Population Project III in Karnataka.
Controlling for contraception, it analyses the influence of age at
effective marriage on the number of children ever born and number of
living children of women who had never used family planning and of
those who had accepted sterilisation."
Correspondence:
S. S. Yadav, Population Research Centre, 2nd Cross, Malleswaram,
Bangalore 560 003, Karnataka, India. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
Studies on differences in fertility patterns and levels in subgroups of a population. Also included are studies on age-specific fertility, such as teenage pregnancy.
64:40255 Abbasi-Shavazi, Mohammad J.
The fertility of immigrant women in Australia. People and
Place, Vol. 6, No. 3, 1998. 30-8 pp. Clayton, Australia. In Eng.
"The 1991 [Australian] census did not ask women how many
children they had ever had. Because of this, there has been a gap in
our understanding of fertility trends. The author uses the
`own-children' method which allows him to fill this gap. He analyses
the fertility of immigrant women in Australia and discovers that, by
1991, most had lower fertility than Australian-born women. Most also
had lower fertility than women of a comparable age in their countries
of origin. Second-generation `migrants' had converged even more closely
to the Australian norm."
Correspondence: M. J.
Abbasi-Shavazi, Australian National University, Research School of
Social Sciences, Demography Program, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:40256 Bell, Eleanor O. At home
and at work: accounting for changes in ever-married women's fertility
and labor force participation in the U.S., 1940 to 1980.
Population and Development Program Working Papers Series, No. 96.04,
Aug 1996. 20, [2] pp. Cornell University, Department of Rural
Sociology, Population and Development Program: Ithaca, New York. In
Eng.
"This paper explores the determinants of black and white
[U.S.] women's fertility and labor force participation and the change
in these effects over time and examines whether rational actor
individual-level explanations can account for such racial differences
and historical trends. Many of the associations between the two
dependent variables and various economic, human capital, and family
status variables diminished or reversed over the four decades between
1940 and 1980, suggesting that there has been a change in the system of
relationships itself, not simply in the individual explanatory
variables."
Correspondence: Cornell University,
Department of Rural Sociology, Population and Development Program, 134
Warren Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853-7801. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
64:40257 Boonstra, Onno. The
impact of education on the demographic life course: the family
reproduction process of literates and illiterates in the Netherlands at
the end of the nineteenth century. History of the Family, Vol. 3,
No. 3, 1998. 303-13 pp. Stamford, Connecticut. In Eng.
"A
widely held assumption is that the decline of illiteracy had a notable
impact on the demographic transition in western Europe in the
nineteenth century. Literates, it is said, were more open to innovation
and were better equipped to control their environment and their
destiny. The article examines this hypothesis by looking into the
family reproduction process of literates and illiterates who lived in
the town of Eindhoven between 1850 and 1900. Using the concept of the
life course, the article looks at differences in age at marriage,
fertility, and infant and child mortality, and finds that in each
category of literacy a certain form of demographic behavior
prevailed."
Correspondence: O. Boonstra, University of
Nijmegen, History Department, Vakgroep Geschiedenis, Postbus 9103, 6500
HD Nijmegen, Netherlands. Location: Princeton University
Library (PR).
64:40258 Bosveld, Willy.
Explaining between-country variation in fertility: the theoretical
link between individual behaviour and social context.
Nethur-Demography Paper, No. 41, Aug 1998. 17 pp. Universiteit van
Amsterdam, Nethur-Demography: Amsterdam, Netherlands. In Eng.
"The goal of this paper is to create...a theoretical framework
which will improve an international comparison of [European] fertility
by taking into account the effect of individual behaviour upon
fertility (micro-level) as well as the effect of the societal context
upon fertility behaviour (macro-level), the so-called micro-macro
link.... The concept of life strategies is used to create a theoretical
link between the micro and macro levels.... A more dynamic life
strategy approach is [then] formulated, within a broader context of
social change and country-specific
circumstances."
Correspondence: W. Bosveld, University
of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Study Centre for the Metropolitan Environment,
Nieuwe Prinsengracht 140, 1018 VZ Amsterdam, Netherlands. E-mail:
W.Bosveld@frw.uva.nl. Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
64:40259 Buvinic, Mayra. The
costs of adolescent childbearing: evidence from Chile, Barbados,
Guatemala, and Mexico. Studies in Family Planning, Vol. 29, No. 2,
Jun 1998. 201-9 pp. New York, New York. In Eng.
"Findings from
Chile, Barbados, Guatemala, and Mexico are reviewed in this article to
shed light on the consequences of adolescent childbearing for mothers'
economic and social opportunities and the well-being of their
first-born children.... The findings show that early childbearing is
associated with negative economic rather than social effects, occurring
for poor rather than for all mothers. Among the poor, adolescent
childbearing is associated with lower monthly earnings for mothers and
lower child nutritional status. Also, among this group of women only,
improvements in the child's well-being are associated with mother's
education and her contribution to household
income."
Correspondence: M. Buvinic, Inter-American
Development Bank, Social Development Division, 1300 New York Avenue NW,
Washington, D.C. 20577. Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
64:40260 Clements, Stephen; Stone, Nicole;
Diamond, Ian; Ingham, Roger. Modelling the spatial
distribution of teenage conception rates within Wessex. British
Journal of Family Planning, Vol. 24, No. 2, Jul 1998. 61-71 pp. London,
England. In Eng.
"This study attempts to determine which
factors account for the spatial variation in teenage conceptions rates
within the former Wessex Regional Health Authority [in England] and
what factors account for the eventual outcomes of these conceptions.
Postcoded data on all teenage conceptions from 1991 to 1994 were
collected and related to census ward level information and indicators
of accessibility to family planning services. The results show that the
variation in teenage conception rates and conception outcomes is
principally determined by the age of the teenager, deprivation levels,
the presence of certain homogeneously distinct groups and the distance
to the nearest youth-oriented family planning
clinic."
Correspondence: S. Clements, University of
Southampton, Faculty of Social Sciences, Centre for Sexual Health
Research, Highfield, Southampton SO17 1BJ, England. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:40261 Coney, Nancy S.; Mackey, Wade
C. Cultural evolution and gender roles:
advantage...patriarchy. Mankind Quarterly, Vol. 39, No. 1, Fall
1998. 45-69 pp. Washington, D.C. In Eng.
The authors consider some
implications of the increased options open to women around the world in
the areas of education and employment, and of the growing trend toward
decreasing gender-specific inequalities. Particular attention is given
to the implications of differential fertility between women living in
modern, liberated societies and those living in traditional,
patriarchal societies. "This article argues that the inertia of
this cultural evolution must be with those societies whose women give
birth to more children. This demographic of `more children' is not
evenly or randomly dispersed around the world. There is a strong
relationship between restricting women's roles to motherhood and
fecundity: more restriction yields higher fertility. Thus, a cultural
dynamic has evolved wherein an increased scope of women's choice in one
generation reverberates in a decreased scope of women's choices in
subsequent generations. That is, women with low fertility and a broad
range of options must be systematically replaced with women of higher
fertility and a narrower range of options."
Correspondence:
N. S. Coney, Western Illinois University, Macomb, IL 61455.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:40262 Furstenberg, Frank F.
When will teenage childbearing become a problem? The implications
of Western experience for developing countries. Studies in Family
Planning, Vol. 29, No. 2, Jun 1998. 246-53 pp. New York, New York. In
Eng.
"This article reflects on the process that leads to
perceptions of teenage childbearing as a social problem and examines
whether that process will occur in developing countries as it has in
the United States.... The economic, educational, and nuptial changes
that have occurred in other postindustrial countries have not
necessarily led to fertility problems among teenagers, because of a
greater willingness to acknowledge their sexual activity and to provide
the resources to prevent their
childbearing."
Correspondence: F. F. Furstenberg,
University of Pennsylvania, Department of Sociology, 277 McNeil, 3718
Locust Walk, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6299. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
64:40263 Gil Alonso, Fernando.
Geographical differences in the fertility decline in Spain. An
attempt at a study using retrospective census data on fertility.
[Las diferencias territoriales en el descenso de la fecundidad en
España. Aproximación a su estudio a partir de datos
censales sobre fecundidad retrospectiva.] Boletín de la
Asociación de Demografía Histórica, Vol. 15, No.
2, 1997. 13-54 pp. Madrid, Spain. In Spa. with sum. in Eng; Fre.
"This paper analyses the spatial fertility differences in
Spain in the late 19th Century and early 20th Century, using
information on children ever born from the 1920 Census. This is the
first census including retrospective information on fertility. To start
with, advantages and disadvantages of this kind of information are
explained, and reliability of data is checked. In the second part, the
results are analysed, both at provincial and sub-provincial level
(urban, rural and intermediate areas). The spatial fertility
differences found seem to back the hypothesis of the existence of
several regional models of reproduction in
Spain."
Correspondence: F. Gil Alonso, Universitat
Autònoma de Barcelona, Centre d'Estudis Demogràfics,
08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
64:40264 Kowaleski-Jones, Lori; Mott, Frank
L. Sex, contraception and childbearing among high-risk
youth: do different factors influence males and females? Family
Planning Perspectives, Vol. 30, No. 4, Jul-Aug 1998. 163-9 pp. New
York, New York. In Eng.
The authors investigate adolescent sexual
activity, contraceptive use, and childbearing, using data from the U.S.
National Longitudinal Survey of Youth. "Our major aim is to
explore whether common attitudinal and behavioral covariates are
associated with these behaviors, and in particular whether there are
gender differences in this area." Results indicate that "for
young women, having intercourse at an early age, not using
contraceptives and having a child are linked with depression, low
self-esteem and little sense of control over their lives. The results
for young men are less consistent and often in the opposite
direction."
Correspondence: L. Kowaleski-Jones,
Northwestern University, Institute for Policy Research, Evanston, IL
60208. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:40265 Muhammad, Ali. Ethnic
fertility differentials in Pakistan. Pakistan Development Review,
Vol. 35, No. 4, Pt. 2, Winter 1996. 733-44 pp. Islamabad, Pakistan. In
Eng.
"The objective of this study...is to establish trends and
patterns of fertility among different ethnic groups (on the basis of
language spoken) in Pakistan.... [It] also explores the major reasons
for different fertility behaviour.... The study attributes the high
fertility levels among some ethnic groups to low level of education,
lower age at first marriage, higher demand for children and greater
value placed on number of children. It is also found that fertility
levels are high among those ethnic groups who have little knowledge and
less use of contraceptives." Data are from the 1990-1991 Pakistan
Demographic and Health Survey.
Correspondence: A. Muhammad,
Pakistan Institute of Development Economics, P.O. Box 1091, Islamabad
44000, Pakistan. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:40266 Mutharayappa, R.
Fertility and family planning among Jenu Kuruba and Kadu Kuruba
tribes of Karnataka. Man in India, Vol. 78, No. 1-2, Mar-Jun 1998.
119-26 pp. Ranchi, India. In Eng.
"The main objective of the
present study is to understand the factors affecting fertility among
Jenu Kuruba and Kadu Kuruba tribes of Karnataka, by using primary data
[concerning 1,133 ever-married women] on fertility differentials and
some of the cultural factors such as age at marriage, abortion and
indigenous method of fertility control.... Fertility is higher among
Kadu Kuruba tribe than Jenu Kuruba tribe. Women who married at the age
of 12 years have higher fertility than the women who married at the age
of 16 years. The differences between [the] two tribes in terms of
fertility levels in each age group are large. The practice of induced
abortions [is]...common.... Among Jenu Kuruba tribe more...women are
using indigenous medicines for preventing pregnancies, while among Kadu
Kurubas more...women are using modern method of contraceptives. The
women who are using indigenous medicines to prevent pregnancies have
lower fertility."
Correspondence: R. Mutharayappa,
Institute for Social and Economic Change, Bangalore 560 072, India.
Location: Princeton University Library (PR).
64:40267 Sprangers, A. H.
Fertility of foreign-born women. [Vruchtbaarheid van in het
buitenland geboren vrouwen.] Maandstatistiek van de Bevolking, Vol. 46,
No. 7, Jul 1998. 8-10 pp. Voorburg, Netherlands. In Dut. with sum. in
Eng.
"The total fertility rate of Moroccan women living in the
Netherlands has strongly decreased, from 4.9 children in 1990 to 3.4
children in 1996. The total fertility rate of women born in Turkey
decreased from 3.1 in 1990 to 2.5 in 1996. The fertility of Turkish and
Moroccan women appears to develop in the direction of the level of
fertility of Dutch women...[which] is stationary at 1.5
children."
Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
64:40268 Suwal, Juhee; Trovato,
Frank. Canadian aboriginal fertility. Canadian
Studies in Population, Vol. 25, No. 1, 1998. 69-86 pp. Edmonton,
Canada. In Eng. with sum. in Fre.
"This study compares the
fertility of aboriginal peoples with that of non-aboriginal Canadians.
Three hypotheses are developed: the characteristics-assimilation
hypothesis, the minority status insecurities hypothesis, and the
pronatalist subculture thesis.... It is concluded that although there
is some degree of aboriginal assimilation to the mainstream Canadian
society through intermarriage and socioeconomic improvements,
pronatalist norms tend to counteract the pace of fertility decline
among aboriginal peoples."
Correspondence: J. Suwal,
University of Alberta, Department of Sociology, Edmonton, Alberta T6G
2H4, Canada. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:40269 Umezaki, Masahiro; Ohtsuka,
Ryutaro. Impact of rural-urban migration on fertility: a
population ecology analysis in the Kombio, Papua New Guinea.
Journal of Biosocial Science, Vol. 30, No. 3, Jul 1998. 411-22 pp.
Cambridge, England. In Eng.
"The Anjangmui dialect group of
the Kombio in Papua New Guinea has experienced a rapid increase in
rural-urban migration since European contact commenced in the 1930s....
Comparison of age-specific marital fertility rates between migrants in
urban areas and non-migrants in rural areas revealed higher rates among
migrants in the 15-19 and 20-24 year age groups, but lower rates in the
25-29 year or older age groups; the total marital fertility rate for
migrants was lower than that for non-migrants. The differences may be
attributable to the different influences of birth control practices on
fertility reduction between the migrants in urban areas and
non-migrants in rural areas."
Correspondence: M.
Umezaki, University of Tokyo, School of International Health,
Department of Human Ecology, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113, Japan.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
Studies on infertility, as well as studies of spontaneous abortion, prematurity, and other relevant pathologies of pregnancy.
64:40270 Hussain, R. The role of
consanguinity and inbreeding as a determinant of spontaneous abortion
in Karachi, Pakistan. Annals of Human Genetics, Vol. 62, No. 2,
Mar 1998. 147-57 pp. Cambridge, England. In Eng.
"The effect
of consanguinity and inbreeding on spontaneous abortion is assessed
with the help of data from a population-based study conducted in four
squatter settlements of Karachi, Pakistan. The analysis is based on
4,966 pregnancy records belonging to 873 women. Results of the
multivariate analysis show that both consanguinity and inbreeding were
independent risk factors for spontaneous abortion despite undertaking
control for other biological and socio-demographic factors that could
confound the association. The combination of fetal and parental
inbreeding led to a greater likelihood of a pregnancy ending in
spontaneous abortion than one generation of inbreeding
alone."
Correspondence: R. Hussain, Australian
National University, National Centre for Epidemiology and Population
Health, G.P.O. Box 4, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia. E-mail:
rxh868@nceph.anu.edu.au. Location: Princeton University
Library (SZ).
64:40271 Matsuda, Shinya; Kahyo,
Hiroaki. Geographic differences in seasonality of preterm
births in Japan. Human Biology, Vol. 70, No. 5, Oct 1998. 919-35
pp. Detroit, Michigan. In Eng.
"Based on vital statistics from
1979 to 1983, we used a time-series analysis using the Box-Jenkins
model (ARIMA model) to compare the seasonality of preterm births among
47 prefectures in Japan. We also evaluated the relation between
seasonality of preterm births and temperature. According to the
Box-Jenkins analysis, a seasonal moving average was detected for 44
prefectures. The seasonality of preterm births in general shows a
bimodal pattern with two peaks, one in summer and one in winter. The
most interesting result is that the peaks show a trend with geographic
location; one peak is dominant in winter among the northern prefectures
and the other peak is dominant in summer among the southern
prefectures.... These results suggest that climate-associated factors
should be associated with the occurrence of preterm births in
Japan."
Correspondence: S. Matsuda, University of
Occupational and Environmental Health, Department of Preventive
Medicine and Community Health, Yahatanishi-ku, Kitakyushu 807, Japan.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:40272 O'Connor, Kathleen A.; Holman, Darryl
J.; Wood, James W. Declining fecundity and ovarian
ageing. Population Research Institute Working Paper, No. 98-11,
Aug 1998. 19 pp. Pennsylvania State University, Population Research
Institute: University Park, Pennsylvania. In Eng.
"We
undertook an 11 month prospective endocrinological study in a natural
fertility...population [in] (rural Bangladesh) to estimate the
contributions of fetal loss and fecundability...to declining fecundity
with age.... The results indicate that much of the decline in fecundity
can be attributed to an increasing risk of fetal loss with maternal
age.... Fecundability, on the other hand, does not begin to decline
until the early 40's. We hypothesize that this is also a result of
ageing at the ovarian level, namely follicular atresia, in the years
just prior to menopause."
Correspondence: K. A.
O'Connor, Pennsylvania State University, Department of Anthropology,
409 Carpenter, University Park, PA 16802. E-mail: oconnor@pop.psu.edu.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
Studies concerning activities, including family planning programs, that are primarily designed to influence fertility.
General aspects of fertility control, primarily those concerned with family planning and family planning programs.
64:40273 Amin, R. Contraceptive
use and desire for more children in two rural districts of Sierra
Leone. Journal of Biosocial Science, Vol. 30, No. 3, Jul 1998.
287-96 pp. Cambridge, England. In Eng.
"This study explores
contraceptive use and desire for more children in rural areas by
socioeconomic differentials, the methods of contraception used and the
sources of availability" using data from a 1993 household survey
in Sierra Leone. "Logistic regression analysis showed that
contraceptive use was positively associated with age, number of living
children, age at marriage, education, and economic status, and
negatively associated with Islamic and traditional religious
affiliations.... The lower desire for more children might relate to
demographic pressure from the recent improved child survival rate
compounded by recent economic hardship."
Correspondence:
R. Amin, Morgan State University, Institute for Urban Research,
Hillen Road and Coldspring Lane, Baltimore, MD 21239-9972.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:40274 Amin, Sajeda; Diamond, Ian; Steele,
Fiona. Contraception and religiosity in Bangladesh.
In: The continuing demographic transition, edited by G. W. Jones et al.
1997. 268-89 pp. Clarendon Press: Oxford, England. In Eng.
"This paper explores the nature of religious influences on
contraceptive behaviour [in Bangladesh] by examining the high degree of
regional variability in contraceptive use and religiosity.... Our
results confirm previous findings from Bangladesh, that the use of
modern contraception is affected by a host of individual and community
characteristics. We have attempted to explain further the considerable
variation between districts that exists in the country and find that
variations in women's literacy and religiosity account for a large
proportion of the unexplained district-level
variation."
Correspondence: S. Amin, Population
Council, Research Division, One Dag Hammarskjold Plaza, New York, NY
10017. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:40275 Bhat, P. N. Mari; Halli, S.
S. Factors influencing continuation of IUD use in South
India: evidence from a multivariate analysis. Journal of Biosocial
Science, Vol. 30, No. 3, Jul 1998. 297-319 pp. Cambridge, England. In
Eng.
"This paper studies the correlates of IUD continuation,
particularly in relation to quality of service provided in Karnataka,
South India, by using a discrete-time logit model. Provision of
follow-up services had a moderate influence on continuation, and
medical check-up at insertion influenced the experience of side
effects. But these effects were trivial in comparison with the
overriding influence of motivational variables and of reported side
effects. The IUD is retained for a limited duration in rural India
where it is used mainly as a spacing device by lowly motivated young
women who discontinue the method at the slightest feeling of discomfort
or abnormality."
Correspondence: P. N. M. Bhat, JSS
Institute of Economic Research, Population Research Centre, Dharwad,
India. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:40276 Bhat, T. N. Social
change and family planning: a case study of backward classes.
Journal of Family Welfare, Vol. 43, No. 4, Dec 1997. 25-45 pp. Mumbai,
India. In Eng.
"This paper seeks to analyse the process of
family planning diffusion [in India] among backward classes in relation
to the influence of caste and changing social conditions. The paper
first reviews the social underpinnings of caste on the diffusion of
family planning, and goes on to analyse a case study of six backward
class communities of Uttar Kannada district, a highly forested region
in Karnataka state."
Correspondence: T. N. Bhat,
Institute for Social and Economic Change, Population Research Centre,
Nagarbhavi P.O., Bangalore 560 072, India. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
64:40277 Bocquet-Appel, Jean-Pierre; Jakobi,
Lucienne. Evidence for a spatial diffusion of
contraception at the onset of the fertility transition in Victorian
Britain. Population: An English Selection, Vol. 10, No. 1, 1998.
181-204 pp. Paris, France. In Eng. with sum. in Fre; Spa.
"Contraception can be diffused according to several modes:
vertical (social), horizontal (geographically) or both (oblique). Most
authors subscribing to a view of a diffusion at the start of the
European fertility transition use the term in the sense of a vertical
diffusion. This article reexamines the nature of the diffusion, by
testing the hypothesis of a horizontal diffusion at the onset of the
transition. The data used are the rate of variation in the Ig fertility
index and 8 socio-demographic variables representing secularization,
illiteracy and social scale in 78 counties of Great Britain in the
periods 1861-1871, 1871-1881, 1881-1891, 1891-1901.... It is shown that
only a process of geographical diffusion can generate such a
representation with a diffusion velocity of 14.6, 26.1, 42.4 and 34.9
km/year for each period."
For the French version of this
article, see 64:10280.
Correspondence: J.-P.
Bocquet-Appel, UMR 152, Musée de l'Homme, 17 place du
Trocadéro, 75116 Paris, France. E-mail: bocquet@mnhn.fr.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:40278 Brewis, Alexandra A.; McGarvey,
Stephen T.; Tu'u'au-Potoi, Nu'ualofa. Structure of family
planning in Samoa. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public
Health, Vol. 22, No. 4, Jun 1998. 424-7 pp. Curtin, Australia. In Eng.
"To assess the structure of family planning acceptance in
[Western] Samoa, structured interviews were conducted with 155
reproductive age women from seven villages in both rural and urban
settings. The survey data show accord with returns on contraceptive use
from Samoan clinics, and demonstrate that awareness and use of
contraception have increased markedly in the previous decade but
desired family size remains high in younger
women."
Correspondence: A. A. Brewis, University of
Georgia, Department of Anthropology, Athens, GA 30602-1619. E-mail:
abrewis@arches.uga.edu. Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
64:40279 Caballero Gordo, Adelardo.
Male contraception. [Contracepción del varón.]
In: La explosión demográfica y la regulación de la
natalidad, edited by José Botella Llusiá and Salustiano
del Campo Urbano. 1997. 163-74 pp. Editorial Síntesis: Madrid,
Spain. In Spa.
This is a review of the methods of contraception
available to men. The author first examines the reasons why
contraceptive methods are less well developed for men than for women.
The various methods available for men are then described, including
suppression of spermatogenesis, the inhibition of the maturing of
sperm, vasectomy, barrier methods such as the condom, and coitus
interruptus.
Correspondence: A. Caballero Gordo,
Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria, 28040 Madrid,
Spain. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:40280 Dourlen-Rollier, A. M.
Voluntary sterilization in France and in the developed countries as
a whole. [La stérilisation volontaire en France et dans les
pays développés.]
Contraception--Fertilité--Sexualité, Vol. 26, No. 4, Apr
1998. 255-8 pp. Paris, France. In Fre.
The current situation in the
developed world concerning the practice of voluntary sterilization is
reviewed based on published sources. The focus is on the legality and
availability of this method of contraception. The author concludes with
a review of the relevant legislation in France.
Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:40281 Dyalchand, Ashok; Kakkar, Shalini;
Lubhaya, Ram; Mangal, Daya K.; Narayana, Gadde; Narvekar, Sharad;
Salunke, Subhash; Seshu Babu, V. V. R.; Srinivasan, Venkatesh; Venkata,
Ramana. Targets for family planning in India. An analysis
of policy change, consequences, and alternative choices. Oct 5,
1998. xi, 139 pp. Futures Group International, POLICY Project:
Washington, D.C. In Eng.
This report describes the difficulties
encountered in India following the abolition of the centrally
determined target-based organization of the national family planning
(or family welfare) program in 1996 and the adoption of a system based
more on local autonomy and different work rules. The authors describe
how the conflicting messages coming from various administrative levels
have contributed to a general confusion about the purpose of the
program and have led to a decline in program performance in many
states. The report also gives some information about pilot projects and
state experiences that give some reason to hope that these difficulties
might be resolved in the foreseeable future.
Correspondence:
Futures Group International, POLICY Project, 4/2 Shanti Niketan,
New Delhi 110 021, India. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
64:40282 Escudero Fernández,
Manuel. Barrier methods of contraception.
[Contracepción de barrera.] In: La explosión
demográfica y la regulación de la natalidad, edited by
José Botella Llusiá and Salustiano del Campo Urbano.
1997. 149-62 pp. Editorial Síntesis: Madrid, Spain. In Spa.
This is a general description of barrier methods of contraception,
defined as including the IUD, condom, diaphragm, spermicides, and other
barrier methods.
Correspondence: M. Escudero
Fernández, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Ciudad
Universitaria, 28040 Madrid, Spain. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
64:40283 Freedman, Ronald.
Observing Taiwan's demographic transition: a memoir. 1998. 87
pp. Taiwan Provincial Institute of Family Planning: Taipei, Taiwan. In
Eng.
"This article is a memoir of [the author's] observation
on Taiwan's demographic transition.... It [records] in detail the
experience of [the] Taichung experiment, other program related research
and the role of [the] Michigan group, research results, quality of
family planning services, and the impact of [the] Taichung study and of
the whole program on programs in other Asian
countries."
Correspondence: Taiwan Provincial
Institute of Family Planning, 5F, No. 503 Sec. 2. Li-Ming Road,
Taichung, Taiwan. E-mail: tpifp@ms1.hinet.net. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:40284 Gao, Ersheng; Tu, Xiaowen; Yuan,
Wei. Shanghai premarital adolescent use of contraceptive
methods and analysis of influencing factors. Chinese Journal of
Population Science, Vol. 9, No. 4, 1997. 375-88 pp. New York, New York.
In Eng.
"This article analyzes the premarital adolescent use
of contraceptive methods and influencing factors according to data from
a 1995 survey of couples who underwent premarital physical exams in
three urban and two rural areas of Shanghai [China]. Research results
indicate that the rate of sexual activity and abortion by premarital
youth is high, and the rate of first-time contraceptive use is low. It
is necessary to intensify sex education among premarital
adolescents."
Correspondence: E. Gao, Shanghai
Institute of Birth Control Science, Shangha, China. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:40285 Glasier, Anna; Baird, David.
The effects of self-administering emergency contraception. New
England Journal of Medicine, Vol. 339, No. 1, Jul 2, 1998. 1-4 pp.
Boston, Massachusetts. In Eng.
"We undertook a study to learn
how women might behave if given a supply of emergency contraceptive
pills to keep at home.... One hundred eighty of the women in the
treatment group (47 percent) used emergency contraception at least
once.... Eighty-seven women in the control group (27 percent) used
emergency contraception at least once.... The women in the treatment
group were not more likely to use emergency contraception
repeatedly." The study was conducted in Edinburgh, Scotland, in
1994-1996.
Correspondence: A. Glasier, University of
Edinburgh, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 18 Dean Terrace,
Edinburgh EH4 1NL, Scotland. Location: Princeton University
Library (SZ).
64:40286 Gorbach, Pamina M.; Hoa, Dao T.
Khanh; Tsui, Amy; Nhan, Vu Quy. Reproduction, risk and
reality: family planning and reproductive health in northern
Vietnam. Journal of Biosocial Science, Vol. 30, No. 3, Jul 1998.
393-409 pp. Cambridge, England. In Eng.
"This analysis focuses
on the relationships between women's individual characteristics, use of
family planning and abortion, and reported RTI [reproductive tract
infection] symptoms [in two northern Vietnam communes]. The findings
reveal that IUDs do not raise women's likelihood of experiencing RTI
symptoms in either commune. A recent abortion, however, strongly
increases women's likelihood of having RTI symptoms in the rural
commune, while low socio-economic status is associated with RTI
symptoms in the urban commune."
Correspondence: P. M.
Gorbach, University of North Carolina, Carolina Population Center,
University Square, CB 8120, 124 East Franklin Street, Chapel Hill, NC
27516-3997. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:40287 Gracia Guillén,
Diego. Ethics and the control of fertility. [Etica y
regulación de la natalidad.] In: La explosión
demográfica y la regulación de la natalidad, edited by
José Botella Llusiá and Salustiano del Campo Urbano.
1997. 203-23 pp. Editorial Síntesis: Madrid, Spain. In Spa.
Before considering ethical aspects of family planning, the author
sets out to establish the facts concerning population growth and the
ways it has been controlled in times past and can be controlled today.
He then examines some of the ethical considerations relevant to efforts
to control the rate of population growth and to allowing individuals
control over their own fertility. He reviews both the debate concerning
the relationship between socioeconomic development efforts and the need
to control rates of population growth, and the religious debate,
particularly that involving the Roman Catholic church, about the
legitimacy of contraception and family planning. He concludes that both
at the global and the individual level, fertility will be controlled;
the issue is whether mankind can use intelligence to achieve such
controls efficiently and humanely, or allow them to occur inhumanely by
default.
Correspondence: D. Gracia Guillén,
Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria, 28040 Madrid,
Spain. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:40288 Guruswamy, M.; Sureender, S.
Conventional contraceptives: towards a selective policy of free
distribution in India. Journal of Family Welfare, Vol. 43, No. 4,
Dec 1997. 17-21 pp. Mumbai, India. In Eng.
The authors
"examine the strategies adopted by the [Indian] government for
propagating the use of the condom and the pill.... It can be concluded
that the commercial distribution of condoms and oral pills has a
greater potential of attracting people than the free distribution
scheme."
Correspondence: M. Guruswamy, International
Institute for Population Sciences, Govandi Station Road, Deonar, Mumbai
400 088, India. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:40289 Hashmi, Sultan S.
Shy/silent users of contraceptives in Pakistan. Pakistan
Development Review, Vol. 35, No. 4, Winter 1996. 705-17 pp. Islamabad,
Pakistan. In Eng.
"Based on the data of three national
surveys, 1984-85 Pakistan Contraceptive Prevalence Survey (PCPS),
1990-91 Pakistan Demographic and Health Survey (PDHS), and 1994-95
Pakistan Contraceptive Prevalence Survey (PCPS), the hypothesis of
shy/silent users is tested.... The concept of shy/silent users is
defined as those respondents who, at the time of interview, did not
divulge that they were users of contraceptive methods or traditional
ways of preventing conception or birth due to cultural reasons. All
three surveys show substantial numbers of shy/silent users. If these
numbers are included, the Current Prevalence Rate (CPR) of each survey
rises significantly. But the CPR, in spite of including shy users, is
still far lower than most developing and neighbouring countries."
Comments by Mohammad Afzal are included (pp.
716-7).
Correspondence: S. S. Hashmi, National Institute of
Population Studies, House No. 8, Street 70, F-8/3, P.O. Box 2197,
Islamabad, Pakistan. Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
64:40290 Johansson, Annika; Nguyen, The Lap;
Hoang, Thi Hoa; Diwan, Vinod K.; Eriksson, Bo. Population
policy, son preference and the use of IUDs in north Vietnam.
Reproductive Health Matters, Vol. 6, No. 11, May 1998. 66-76 pp.
London, England. In Eng.
"This paper discusses contraceptive
use and discontinuation among women in north Vietnam, in the context of
a strong cultural preference for sons and a stringent two-child
population policy. Among a random sample of 1,432 married women aged
15-49 in a rural province in north Vietnam in 1994, nearly 60 per cent
used the intrauterine device (IUD) for contraception; other modern
methods were hardly used at all. Overall discontinuation rates were
high--nearly 45 per cent after three years; the most common reason was
expulsion. Women without sons reported significantly higher rates of
IUD discontinuation due to expulsion and contraceptive failure than
women who had a son."
Correspondence: A. Johansson,
Karolinska Institutet, IHCAR, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden. E-mail:
Annika.Johansson@phs.ki.se. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
64:40291 Kaler, Amy. A threat to
the nation and a threat to the men: the banning of Depo-Provera in
Zimbabwe, 1981. Journal of Southern African Studies, Vol. 24, No.
2, Jun 1998. 347-76 pp. Oxford, England. In Eng.
"In this
paper, I discuss the prohibition of the injectable contraceptive
Depo-Provera in Zimbabwe in 1981 by analysing the confluence of events
which led both to its popularity amongst Zimbabwean women and to the
suspicion in which it was held by many Zimbabwean men. I argue that the
prohibition of Depo-Provera must be seen both as an act of nationalist
self-assertion by the newly victorious majority government under ZANU
(PF) and also as a significant moment in the gendered politics of
reproduction in Zimbabwe.... I argue that national politics and fear of
`disorderly' women, along with the genuine health risks posed by the
synthetic hormones in Depo, led to its banning by the Minister of
Health."
Correspondence: A. Kaler, University of
Pennsylvania, Population Studies Center, 3718 Locust Walk,
Philadelphia, PA 19104-6298. E-mail: kaler@pop.upenn.edu. Location:
Princeton University Library (PR).
64:40292 Kane, Thomas T.; Gueye, Mohamadou;
Speizer, Ilene; Pacque-Margolis, Sara; Baron, Danielle.
The impact of a family planning multimedia campaign in Bamako,
Mali. Studies in Family Planning, Vol. 29, No. 3, Sep 1998. 309-23
pp. New York, New York. In Eng.
"In this report, the results
are discussed of an evaluation of a 1993 information, education, and
communication (IEC) campaign that integrated traditional forms of
communication and modern mass media to present family planning messages
through radio and television to men and women in Bamako, Mali."
Results indicate that "contraceptive knowledge and use and more
favorable attitudes toward family planning are positively associated
with intensity of exposure to the project interventions, after
controlling for relevant variables."
Correspondence:
T. T. Kane, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research,
Bangladesh, G.P.O. Box 128, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:40293 Katz, Karen R.; West, Caroline G.;
Doumbia, Fodé; Kané, Fatoumata. Increasing
access to family planning services in rural Mali through
community-based distribution. International Family Planning
Perspectives, Vol. 24, No. 3, Sep 1998. 104-10 pp. New York, New York.
In Eng. with sum. in Fre; Spa.
"An examination of CBD
[community-based distribution] activities in Mali provides an
opportunity to gain a better overall understanding of the impact of
these programs on contraceptive use and of the characteristics of the
programs that foster success. The purpose of our work was to determine
whether integration [of] CBD services into a primary health care system
can successfully increase contraceptive use. We also intend to
illustrate the usefulness of a quasi-experimental research design to
evaluate CBD programs." Results indicate that "the CBD
approach tested in rural Mali raised contraceptive knowledge and
practice through use of an existing health care framework, and may be a
model for those working to expand and improve family planning programs
elsewhere in Africa."
Correspondence: K. R. Katz,
Family Health International, One Triangle Drive, Research Triangle
Park, NC 27709. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:40294 Kumari, Chitra.
Contraceptive practices of women living in rural areas of
Bihar. British Journal of Family Planning, Vol. 24, No. 2, Jul
1998. 75-7 pp. London, England. In Eng.
"A prospective survey
of 972 married (sexually active) women living in rural areas of Lalganj
block of Vaishali district in Bihar state of India was carried out. The
study was aimed at obtaining first hand information from the rural
women regarding their contraceptive practices and to use the
information thus gained to identify those spheres of concern where
greater attention needs to be paid to make the family planning system
more efficient."
Correspondence: C. Kumari, Bihar
State Health Services, Bihar, India. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
64:40295 Leridon, H. 30 years of
contraception in France. [30 ans de contraception en France.]
Contraception--Fertilité--Sexualité, Vol. 26, No. 6, Jun
1998. 435-8 pp. Paris, France. In Fre. with sum. in Eng.
"Modern contraceptive methods have diffused almost
continuously over the last 30 years in France. The progress of the pill
has been masked during the recent years by the spread of new treatments
of perimenopause, while the use of IUD seems to have reached a ceiling.
French couples rely now basically on these two methods for their
contraception, and sterilisations remain uncommon. The use of pill is
highest among younger women, while IUD is at a maximum between 35 and
45 years. Differences by social status are limited, and the number of
unplanned births has decreased dramatically. The relatively high number
of abortions, however, shows that the situation is not yet fully
satisfactory."
Correspondence: H. Leridon, Institut
National d'Etudes Démographiques, 133 boulevard Davout, 75980
Paris Cedex 20, France. E-mail: ined@ined.fr. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:40296 Machera, E. Mumbi.
Social, economic and cultural barriers to family planning among
rural women in Kenya: a comparative case study of the divisions in Embu
District. Union for African Population Studies Study Report, No.
25, 1997. iv, 51 pp. Union for African Population Studies: Dakar,
Senegal. In Eng.
This study examines the social, economic, and
cultural factors that are likely to act as barriers to the use of
family planning methods among rural women in Kenya. The data concern
230 women aged 15-49 living in Embu District, 77 of whom were
interviewed in focus groups. The importance of the lack of education
for women as a barrier to the adoption of contraception is stressed.
The author also suggests that programs should target married women, who
have a greater need for family planning than the
unmarried.
Correspondence: Union for African Population
Studies, B.P. 21007, Dakar-Ponty, Senegal. Location:
University of Pennsylvania, Demography Library, Philadelphia, PA.
64:40297 Magnani, Robert J.; McCann, H.
Gilman; Hotchkiss, David R.; Florence, Curtis S. The
effects of monetized food aid on reproductive behavior in rural
Honduras. Population Research and Policy Review, Vol. 17, No. 4,
Aug 1998. 305-28 pp. Dordrecht, Netherlands. In Eng.
"This
article presents research findings on the question of whether the
monetization of non-emergency food aid has adversely influenced
national family planning program efforts in Honduras. Women receiving
food aid in the form of cash coupons are compared in the study with
women receiving food rations and a third group of women with similar
characteristics who were not food aid recipients on three types of
outcomes: recent fertility, fertility preferences, and contraceptive
use.... No compelling evidence for adverse demand- or supply-side
effects of monetized food aid on family planning efforts was observed.
The most striking study finding was the extremely high level of unmet
need for family planning."
Correspondence: R. J.
Magnani, Tulane University Medical Center, School of Public Health and
Tropical Medicine, Department of International Health and Development,
1440 Canal Street, Suite 2200, New Orleans, LA 70112. E-mail:
magnani@mailhost.tcs.tulane.edu. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
64:40298 Meekers, Dominique.
Improving condom social marketing in Malawi: evidence from a
consumer profile survey. PSI Research Division Working Paper, No.
18, 1998. 34 pp. Population Services International, Research Division:
Washington, D.C. In Eng.
"The Chishango condom social
marketing program is the largest HIV prevention program in Malawi, a
country with a very high level of HIV prevalence. To further improve
this program, program managers need to understand the market for social
marketing brand condoms. This paper uses data from a 1997 Malawi
consumer profile survey conducted among a random sample of 1,621 adults
frequenting condom retail outlets. The purpose of this analysis was to
(1) identify segments of the target market that have the greatest
market potential; (2) [understand] which outlets or media can be used
to most effectively reach those segments; and (3) understand the
reasons why consumers use or do not use
condoms."
Correspondence: Population Services
International, Research Division, 1120 Nineteenth Street NW, Suite 600,
Washington, D.C. 20036. E-mail: generalinfo@psiwash.org. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:40299 Miller, Kim S.; Levin, Martin L.;
Whitaker, Daniel J.; Xu, Xiaohe. Patterns of condom use
among adolescents: the impact of mother-adolescent communication.
American Journal of Public Health, Vol. 88, No. 10, Oct 1998. 1,542-4
pp. Washington, D.C. In Eng.
The association between timing of
discussions about condoms between mothers and their adolescent children
and subsequent condom use by those adolescents is analyzed using data
on 372 sexually active adolescents from the Family and Adolescent Risk
Behavior Study carried out in New York, Alabama, and Puerto Rico. The
results show that "mother-adolescent discussions about condoms
that occurred prior to sexual debut were strongly associated with
greater condom use during first intercourse and most recent
intercourse, along with greater lifetime regular condom
use."
Correspondence: K. S. Miller, Centers for
Disease Control and Prevention, Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, 1600
Clifton Road, Mailstop E-45, Atlanta, GA 30333. E-mail: KXM3@cdc.gov.
Location: Princeton University Library (SZ).
64:40300 Mugabe, Mbulawa. Males
and family planning in Botswana: a review of the literature. NIR
Research Notes, No. 25, ISBN 99912-2-036-4. Jan 1993. ii, 22 pp.
University of Botswana, National Institute of Development Research and
Documentation: Gaborone, Botswana. In Eng.
This is a general review
of the literature on family planning in Botswana, focusing on the issue
of male involvement. "This paper is divided into six sections. The
first summarizes the international milieu with regard to both the
extent of and the concern about the role and involvement of males in
family planning. The next section looks at the historical
processes...and examines how the current low male involvement in family
planning and contraceptive use relates to and stems from these
historical antecedents. In the third section, the available male
contraceptive methods and the socio-economic and cultural issues that
seem to influence male contraceptive behaviour are reviewed. The social
issue of teenage males' involvement in contraceptive use is reviewed in
the fourth section of the paper. The fifth section [examines] the
Acquired Immuno Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS)
problem."
Correspondence: University of Botswana,
National Institute of Development Research and Documentation, Gaborone,
Botswana. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:40301 Oddens, B. J.; Lolkema, A.
A scenario study of oral contraceptive use in Japan: toward fewer
unintended pregnancies. Contraception, Vol. 58, No. 1, Jul 1998.
13-9 pp. New York, New York. In Eng.
"A scenario study was
conducted to assess the extent to which the unintended pregnancy rate
in Japan, where oral contraceptives (OC) have not been legalized for
family planning purposes and couples rely mainly on condoms, might
change if more women were to use OC.... Data provided by the 1994
Japanese National Survey on Family Planning were used to construct
scenarios for national contraceptive use.... Each theoretical
percentage increase in the OC use rate in Japan was found to lead to a
roughly equivalent percentage decrease in the number of unintended
pregnancies."
Correspondence: B. J. Oddens,
International Health Foundation, Europalaan 506, 3526 KS Utrecht,
Netherlands. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:40302 Peel, Robert A. Marie
Stopes, eugenics and the English birth control movement. ISBN
0-9504066-2-7. 1997. ix, 113 pp. Galton Institute: London, England. In
Eng.
This is a collection of papers presented at a 1996 conference
held in London that focused on Marie Stopes, who in 1921 established
the world's first birth control clinic in England. The aims of the
conference were "to examine a number of the lesser known aspects
of the life and achievements of Marie Stopes, to demonstrate the way in
which the Marie Stopes and Eugenics Society archives are being
productively researched and to stress those features of Marie Stopes'
work which impinge on the traditional concerns of the Galton
Institute."
Correspondence: Galton Institute, 19
Northfields Prospect, Northfields, London SW18 1PE, England.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:40303 Rahman, Mizanur. The
effect of child mortality on fertility regulation in rural
Bangladesh. Studies in Family Planning, Vol. 29, No. 3, Sep 1998.
268-81 pp. New York, New York. In Eng.
"This study analyzes
longitudinal data from Matlab, Bangladesh, to examine the impact of
child mortality on subsequent contraceptive acceptance and
continuation. The strong negative impact is found to attenuate with
family size, indicating a `replacement effect'. An `insurance effect'
is observed as contraceptive acceptance and continuation were
negatively associated with the number of previous deaths of children.
Couples seem to find contraceptive use acceptable if the child who dies
is one of a large family. Potentially, contraceptive use could be
acceptable for spacing after a child in a small family
dies."
Correspondence: M. Rahman, International Centre
for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, G.P.O. Box 128, Dhaka
1000, Bangladesh. Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
64:40304 Rajaretnam, T.
Socioeconomic differentials in fertility and family size of
sterilisation acceptors of the 1980s in rural Karnataka. Journal
of Family Welfare, Vol. 43, No. 4, Dec 1997. 46-58 pp. Mumbai, India.
In Eng.
"In this paper, an attempt has been made to analyze
various demographic, socioeconomic and background factors influencing
fertility and family size of sterilisation acceptors, using data from
eight studies conducted during the 1980s in rural areas of five
districts of Karnataka State [India].... Though recent acceptors of
sterilisation had lower fertility and smaller families as observed by
us, a rapid decline in rural fertility is less likely to be achieved in
the near future through sterilisation alone because the overall
socioeconomic conditions of rural couples is poor, their desired family
size is large, and they still exhibit a strong son
preference."
Correspondence: T. Rajaretnam, JSS
Institute of Economic Research, Vidyagiri, Dharwad 580 004, Karnataka,
India. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:40305 Senegal. Direction de la
Prévision et de la Statistique (Dakar, Senegal). A
Survey on Family Planning in the Urban Environment (1990): an
analytical report. [Enquête sur la Planification Familiale
en Milieu Urbain (1990): rapport d'analyse.] Jun 1994. 76 pp. Dakar,
Senegal. In Fre.
Results are presented from a 1990 survey on family
planning in the cities of Senegal. The survey involved 4,472 women aged
15-49 and some 2,000 men. There are chapters on fertility and fertility
preferences, nuptiality and other factors exposing individuals to the
risk of pregnancy, knowledge and use of contraception, and sexually
transmitted diseases and AIDS.
Correspondence: Direction de
la Prévision et de la Statistique, Point E, B.P. 116, Dakar,
Senegal. Location: Yale University Library, New Haven, CT.
64:40306 Shane, Barbara. Family
planning saves lives. 3rd ed. Jan 1997. 24 pp. Population
Reference Bureau: Washington, D.C. In Eng.
This new edition
"provides data from the latest research on maternal and child
health in developing countries. It also includes new information on the
linkages between family planning and the 1994 International Conference
on Population and Development, reproductive health, adolescents, and
abortion."
Correspondence: Population Reference
Bureau, 1875 Connecticut Avenue NW, Suite 520, Washington, D.C.
20009-5728. E-mail: popref@prb.org. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
64:40307 Singh, Amarjeet; Kaur,
Arvinder. Oral contraceptive use in a rural area in
Haryana. Journal of Family Welfare, Vol. 43, No. 4, Dec 1997. 64-8
pp. Mumbai, India. In Eng.
The authors assess oral contraceptive
use in a rural area of Haryana State, India. "The pill has not
gained popularity [in India] and its use rate has remained in the range
of 1-2 per cent at the most. The low use rate through public sector
distribution schemes suggests problems of logistics and inadequate
information, education and communication
support."
Correspondence: A. Singh, Post Graduate
Institute, Department of Community Medicine, Chandigarh 160 012, India.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:40308 Tuladhar, Jayanti; Donaldson, Peter
J.; Noble, Jeanne. The introduction and use of Norplant
implants in Indonesia. Studies in Family Planning, Vol. 29, No. 3,
Sep 1998. 291-9 pp. New York, New York. In Eng.
"In this
study, patterns of Norplant use in Indonesia are reviewed to assess the
implications of this experience for the introduction of new
contraceptive methods. Data from the Norplant Use-Dynamics Study and
the 1994 Indonesia Demographic and Health Survey are analyzed, and
patterns of acceptance, continuation, and removal are described.
Acceptance of Norplant has increased steadily since it was first
introduced. The method is now used by more than 5 percent of all
married women of reproductive age. Continuation rates among Norplant
users are higher than among users of the IUD. One factor behind high
continuation rates may be that a substantial proportion of acceptors
were not told that removal before five years was
possible."
This is a revised version of a paper originally
presented at the 1996 Annual Meeting of the Population Association of
America.
Correspondence: J. Tuladhar, United Nations
Population Fund/Country Support Team, Office for East and Southeast
Asia, 14th Floor, United Nations Building, Rajdamnern Avenue, Bangkok
10200, G.P.O. Box 618, Thailand. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
64:40309 United Nations. Economic Commission
for Africa [ECA] (Addis Ababa, Ethiopia). Family planning
targets in relation to fertility reduction and reproductive health care
in ECA member states. Pub. Order No. ECA/POP/TP/94/3(b)/4. Dec
1994. v, 77 pp. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. In Eng.
This study examines
the issue of setting targets for family planning programs in Africa,
and the effect of so doing on the reduction of fertility and the
improvement of reproductive health. Having reviewed the African
experience in these areas, the report concludes with a number of
recommendations concerning the setting of such targets in the
future.
Correspondence: UN Economic Commission for Africa,
Population Division, P.O. Box 3001, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Location: Columbia University Library, New York, NY.
64:40310 United Nations. Economic Commission
for Africa [ECA] (Addis Ababa, Ethiopia). Statistical
compendium on contraceptive prevalence and practice in ECA member
states. Pub. Order No. ECA/POP/TP/95/3(b)/1. Nov 1995. xvii, 75
pp. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. In Eng.
"The present publication
presents statistical data on contraceptive knowledge and use as an
update on the 1990 edition of the Statistical Compendium on
Contraceptive Prevalence and Practice in African Countries." There
are chapters on knowledge of contraceptive methods and source of
methods; use of contraception; women not using contraception;
discussion and approval of family planning; desire for more children,
met and unmet family planning needs, ideal number of children, and
planning status of births; and some results from male surveys. A
selection of statistical tables is included.
Correspondence:
UN Economic Commission for Africa, Population Division, P.O. Box
3001, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
64:40311 Watkins, Elizabeth S. On
the pill: a social history of oral contraceptives 1950-1970. ISBN
0-8018-5876-3. LC 98-5003. 1998. viii, 183 pp. Johns Hopkins University
Press: Baltimore, Maryland. In Eng.
"This book evaluates
commonly held assumptions about the impact of the pill on middle-class
American society and explores the changing perceptions of the pill in
the context of the 1950s and 1960s.... Chapter 1 describes the context
for the development of an oral contraceptive in the postwar years....
Chapter 2 looks at the different kinds of information that promoted the
acceptance of the pill by the medical profession and by women of
reproductive age.... Chapter 3 focuses on perceptions of the pill at
the specific moment in the mid-1960s when the popular press framed the
discussion of oral contraception in social, moral, and political terms.
Chapter 4 examines the evolution of the controversy over the adverse
health effects of oral contraception and assesses the roles of
physicians, patients, and the media in the increasingly public drama
about its safety in the late 1960s. Chapter 5 uses the 1970 Senate
hearings and the development of the FDA pill package insert to
interpret the pill as a catalyst in the rise of two new movements:
health feminism and informed consent. The final chapter takes a longer
view of the pill in American society, discussing the consequences of
the medical and popular commotion over oral contraceptives in the 1960s
in light of the pill's record [usage] during the following three
decades."
Correspondence: Johns Hopkins University
Press, 2715 North Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218-4363.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:40312 Zambrana, José E.
A new perspective on family planning from the point of view of both
women and men. [Una nueva perspectiva de la regulación de
la fecundidad, desde la vida de las mujeres y varones.] Feb 1998. 72
pp. Family Health International: Research Triangle Park, North
Carolina; Cooperazione Internazionale [COOPI]: Cochabamba, Bolivia. In
Spa.
This study examines the impact of male knowledge, attitudes,
and behavior concerning family planning on the lives of women in
Cochabamba, Bolivia, as well as the psychosocial factors affecting
female contraceptive usage. The data are from a 1996 survey of 630
couples, in which the woman was aged between 20 and
49.
Correspondence: Family Health International, One
Triangle Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
Selected studies on the medical aspects of fertility control methods, including studies on side effects and use-effectiveness.
64:40313 Baulieu, E. E.
Contraception in the future. [La contracepción del
futuro.] In: La explosión demográfica y la
regulación de la natalidad, edited by José Botella
Llusiá and Salustiano del Campo Urbano. 1997. 185-99 pp.
Editorial Síntesis: Madrid, Spain. In Spa.
The author
reviews some possible future developments in contraceptive technology.
The focus is on RU-486, including its use to interrupt an early
pregnancy, use in obstetrics, and other clinical uses.
Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:40314 Botella Llusiá,
José. The natural methods of contraception.
[Métodos naturales de contracepción.] In: La
explosión demográfica y la regulación de la
natalidad, edited by José Botella Llusiá and Salustiano
del Campo Urbano. 1997. 139-48 pp. Editorial Síntesis: Madrid,
Spain. In Spa.
This is a general review of the natural methods of
contraception that are available today and of how to use them. Some
indication of the relative effectiveness of the methods described is
included.
Correspondence: J. Botella Llusiá,
Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria, 28040 Madrid,
Spain. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:40315 Clavero-Núñez,
José A. Contraception today: methods, indicators,
and results. [La contracepción hoy: técnicas,
indicaciones y resultados.] In: La explosión demográfica
y la regulación de la natalidad, edited by José Botella
Llusiá and Salustiano del Campo Urbano. 1997. 123-38 pp.
Editorial Síntesis: Madrid, Spain. In Spa.
This is a general
descriptive review of the modern contraceptive methods that are
available in today's world. Some indication is given as to the
effectiveness of the various methods described.
Correspondence:
J. A. Clavero-Núñez, Universidad Complutense de
Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria, 28040 Madrid, Spain. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:40316 Dexeus Trias de Bes,
Santiago. Compliance with instructions concerning hormonal
contraception. [Observancia de la contracepción hormonal.]
In: La explosión demográfica y la regulación de la
natalidad, edited by José Botella Llusiá and Salustiano
del Campo Urbano. 1997. 175-83 pp. Editorial Síntesis: Madrid,
Spain. In Spa.
The author examines the problems associated with the
fact that those using hormonal methods of contraception do not always
follow the directions for the proper use of such methods. Separate
consideration is given to the medical factors associated with failure
to use oral contraceptives as directed, the reasons for giving up use
of such methods, and measures designed to make oral contraceptive use
more effective.
Correspondence: S. Dexeus Trias de Bes,
Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona,
Spain. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:40317 Ecochard, R.; Pinguet, F.; Ecochard,
I.; De Gouvello, R.; Guy, M.; Huy, F. An analysis of the
failure of natural family planning: an analysis carried out over 7,007
cycles. [Analyse des échecs de la planification familiale
naturelle: à propos de 7.007 cycles d'utilisation.]
Contraception--Fertilité--Sexualité, Vol. 26, No. 4, Apr
1998. 291-6 pp. Paris, France. In Fre. with sum. in Eng.
The
effectiveness of natural family planning is analyzed using data
collected between 1989 and 1991 by seven francophone associations
wishing to promote this method; the surveys involved 626 users who were
French, Belgian, or Swiss. The results indicate that although this
method can be very effective in theory, there were many pregnancies due
to intercourse occurring in the known fertile period. The authors
suggest that more education for couples wishing to use this method is
required.
Correspondence: R. Ecochard, Hôpital de
l'Hôtel-Dieu, Département d'Information Médicale
des Hospices Civils de Lyon, 1 place de l'Hôpital, 69288 Lyon
Cedex 02, France. Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
64:40318 Evans, Imogen; Huezo,
Carlos. Family planning handbook for health professionals:
the sexual and reproductive health approach. ISBN 0-86089-114-3.
1997. viii, 379 pp. International Planned Parenthood Federation [IPPF]:
London, England. In Eng.
This handbook replaces the Family Planning
Handbook for Doctors, last published in 1988. It is based on the
acknowledgement that family planning requires the work of a team of
health professionals, including medical doctors, nurses, midwives, and
counselors. It also incorporates the concepts of sexual and
reproductive health. "The Handbook not only covers methods of
contraception but also includes chapters on various components of
sexual and reproductive health, especially those most relevant to
family planning services, such as infertility, sexually transmitted
diseases, reproductive health screening for well women, and cervical
cytology."
Correspondence: International Planned
Parenthood Federation, Regent's College, Inner Circle, Regent's Park,
London NW1 4NS, England. E-mail: info@ippf.org. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:40319 Frezieres, Ron G.; Walsh, Terri L.;
Nelson, Anita L.; Clark, Virginia A.; Coulson, Anne H.
Breakage and acceptability of a polyurethane condom: a randomized,
controlled study. Family Planning Perspectives, Vol. 30, No. 2,
Mar-Apr 1998. 73-8 pp. New York, New York. In Eng.
"Although
the first commercial polyurethane condom was approved for use several
years ago, no U.S. clinical trial has compared its performance to that
of the latex condom.... In a masked crossover study, 360 couples were
randomized to use three polyurethane condoms and three latex
condoms.... The clinical breakage rate of the polyurethane condom is
significantly higher than that of the latex condom. However, nearly
half of the users preferred the polyurethane
condom...."
Correspondence: R. G. Frezieres,
California Family Health Council, Research Division, Los Angeles, CA.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:40320 McIntosh, Noel; Blouse, Ann;
Schaefer, Lois. Norplant implants guidelines for family
planning service programs. 2nd ed. ISBN 0-929817-09-5. 1995. xiii,
[218] pp. JHPIEGO Corporation: Baltimore, Maryland. In Eng.
"This manual was developed to meet the growing need of family
planning trainers and service providers for concise, up-to-date
information on levonorgestrel (NORPLANT) implants. The first edition of
these guidelines was adapted from educational materials developed by
the Population Council and by a collaborative group of international
organizations.... This...second edition...[includes] new information
on: the effectiveness, safety and acceptability of Norplant
implants;...the importance of thorough counseling to improve client
satisfaction and continuation;...a simpler process for client
assessment;...the management of the most common side effect--changes in
the menstrual bleeding pattern;...and a removal method that is easier
to learn than the standard method.... Finally, a new chapter, Providing
Quality Services, has been added. This chapter reflects the need for
up-to-date information on how to practically assess the quality of
Norplant implants services, seek solutions to problem areas and
gradually introduce changes that will improve all areas of service
delivery."
Correspondence: JHPIEGO Corporation, 1615
Thames Street, Suite 200, Baltimore, MD 21231-3447. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:40321 Mishell, Daniel R. New
developments and practice guidelines: oral contraceptives and
intrauterine devices. Contraception, Vol. 58, No. 3, Suppl., Sep
1998. 74 pp. Elsevier Science Publishers: New York, New York/Amsterdam,
Netherlands. In Eng.
This special issue is the product of two
meetings of experts held in New York City on April 19, 1997, and in
Cincinnati, Ohio, on October 20, 1997, on aspects of oral contraception
and IUDs. "The purpose of the supplement is to provide information
that will assist healthcare providers in prescribing the appropriate
contraceptive methods for use by their female patients. Topics
discussed in the supplement include the cardiovascular safety of OCs,
OC estrogen dose considerations, clinical benefits of low-androgen
progestins, noncontraceptive benefits of OCs, safety and efficacy of
IUD, and factors that different types of individuals should consider
when selecting a particular type of
contraceptive."
Correspondence: Elsevier Science
Publishers, 655 Avenue of the Americas, New York, NY 10010.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:40322 Rosenberg, Michael J.; Waugh, Michael
S. Oral contraceptive discontinuation: a prospective
evaluation of frequency and reasons. American Journal of
Obstetrics and Gynecology, Vol. 179, No. 3, Pt. 1, Sep 1998. 577-82 pp.
St. Louis, Missouri. In Eng.
The authors "define the frequency
and reasons for oral contraceptive discontinuation and subsequent
contraceptive behavior...[using data from] a nationwide prospective
study of 1,657 [U.S.] women initiating or switching to the use of a new
contraceptive from private practices, clinics, and a health maintenance
organization.... [Results indicate that] six months after a new oral
contraceptive prescription, 68% of new starts and 84% of switchers
still used oral contraceptives. Of women who discontinued, 46% did so
because of side effects, whereas 23% had no continuing need. More than
four fifths of women who discontinued oral contraceptives but remained
at risk of unintended pregnancy either failed to adopt another method
or adopted a less effective method.... [The authors conclude that]
counseling should emphasize the possibility of side effects, stressing
the fact that most will be transient, and the need to identify a backup
method."
Correspondence: M. J. Rosenberg, Health
Decisions, 1512 East Franklin Street, Suite 22, Chapel Hill, NC 27514.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
Studies evaluating either the demographic impact or other criteria of effectiveness of family planning programs.
64:40323 Ali, Samia R. Final
report. Village relations study. Population Council Research
Report, No. 9, Aug 1998. iv, 127, [4] pp. Population Council:
Islamabad, Pakistan. In Eng.
The purpose of this study was to
examine in depth the interactions between village-based family planning
workers in Pakistan and the communities they are meant to serve. The
data concern 10 villages in Punjab, Sindh, and North-West Frontier
Province. The results indicate a growing acceptance of family planning
in all the villages surveyed, and particularly in the more developed
villages. The most valuable contributions of such village-based workers
are the provision of easy access to the means to plan families, the
interpersonal exchange of information among women, and the aid in the
diffusion process for knowledge about family planning and reproductive
health issues.
Correspondence: Population Council, 7 Street
62, F-6/3, Islamabad, Pakistan. E-mail: info@pcpak.sdnpk.undp.org.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:40324 Bulatao, Rodolfo A. The
value of family planning programs in developing countries. ISBN
0-8330-2633-X. LC 98-8108. 1998. xix, 79 pp. RAND: Santa Monica,
California. In Eng.
"This report synthesizes research on
family planning programs in developing countries. It focuses on what is
known on three principal issues: the implications for developing
countries of high fertility rates and unmet need for contraception, the
benefits of family planning programs, [and] program costs and the role
of donor nations. The report concludes that family planning programs
are providing women in developing countries with desired access to
contraceptive services and helping to reduce fertility rates. These
programs are also associated with a range of other benefits, most
notably improvements in women's and children's
health."
Correspondence: RAND, 1700 Main Street, P.O.
Box 2138, Santa Monica, CA 90407. E-mail: order@rand.org. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:40325 Gangopadhyay, Bhaswati; Das, D.
N. Quality of family planning services in India: the
users' perspective. Journal of Family Welfare, Vol. 43, No. 3, Sep
1997. 5-12 pp. Mumbai, India. In Eng.
"The present study was
undertaken to evaluate [India's] family planning programme from the
users' perspective. The information collected has been supplemented
with some individual experiences.... A brief mention of the problems
faced by the doctors and other health workers in rendering family
welfare services is also within the periphery of the
study."
Correspondence: B. Gangopadhyay, Centre for
Media Studies, 9/1 Institutional Area, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi
110 067, India. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:40326 Hughes, Jane; McCauley, Ann
P. Improving the fit: adolescents' needs and future
programs for sexual and reproductive health in developing
countries. Studies in Family Planning, Vol. 29, No. 2, Jun 1998.
233-45 pp. New York, New York. In Eng.
"Demand is growing in
developing countries for sexual and reproductive health programs for
young people. However, little scientifically based evidence exists
about which program approaches are most effective in shaping healthy
behaviors.... Research indicates that current programs often do not
match the needs and health-seeking behaviors of young people....
Constraints on financial and human resources, coupled with the great
size of the youth population, highlight the need to find less costly
ways to reach young people. These observations generate six programming
principles to help planners and communities experiment with a wide
variety of programming approaches."
Correspondence: J.
Hughes, Rockefeller Foundation, Population Services, 420 Fifth Avenue,
New York, NY 10018-2702. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
64:40327 Pathak, K. B.; Pandey, Arvind; Singh,
B. S. Approaches to target setting of family planning in
India: an analytical review and application of a new approach.
IIPS Research Report Series, No. 22, 1995-1996. 22 pp. International
Institute for Population Sciences [IIPS]: Mumbai, India. In Eng.
The authors first review existing methods of setting targets for
family planning program performance in India. They then present a model
that considers the distribution of surviving children to formulate a
method of target setting. The method is applied to data for India and
its major states.
Correspondence: International Institute
for Population Sciences, Govandi Station Road, Deonar, Mumbai 400 088,
India. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:40328 Sen, Narayan. Family
planning programme implementation--a new method. Journal of Family
Welfare, Vol. 43, No. 4, Dec 1997. 59-63 pp. Mumbai, India. In Eng.
The author assesses a method for identifying couples eligible for
family planning, using data from the Community Health Programme of St.
Paul's Cathedral Relief Service in Calcutta, India. "Considering
the success rate and family planning coverage [achieved] with the
method described...it can be recommended for any integrated community
health programme conducted by the Government or
NGOs."
Correspondence: N. Sen, DC/3/4-Golf Green,
Phase I, Calcutta 700 095, India. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
64:40329 Viet Nam. National Committee for
Population and Family Planning (Hanoi, Viet Nam). Costs
and benefits of Vietnam's national investment in population and family
planning from 1979 to 2010. Final report. Aug 1997. viii, 35 pp.
Hanoi, Viet Nam. In Eng.
"In this study, cost-benefit analysis
(CBA) was used to investigate how much [Vietnam's] population and
family planning program has saved in terms of avoided social sector
spending.... Results showed that due to the national PFP program,
between 1979 and 1996 total fertility dropped by 1.6 children per woman
more than it would have without the program. By 2010, this gap is
expected to grow to 2.1 children per woman.... Comparing national PFP
program costs with savings in health, education, and social security,
this analysis shows that by 1995, PFP investments have already paid for
themselves."
Correspondence: National Committee for
Population and Family Planning, 12 Ngo Tat To Street, Hanoi, Viet Nam.
E-mail: dungva@netnam.orgvn. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
64:40330 Viet Nam. National Committee for
Population and Family Planning (Hanoi, Viet Nam).
Vietnam's population and family planning investments and savings
(1979-2010). Aug 1997. 32 pp. Hanoi, Viet Nam. In Eng; Vie.
"The principal objective of this cost-benefit analysis was to
determine the extent to which Vietnam's national-level investments in
PFP [population and family planning] programs and services have
produced savings by averting expenditures in health, education, and
other social sector services. These two expenditure categories (PFP and
social sector services) [are] compared. Specifically, the cumulative
difference between the high and low PFP program expenditure levels
[are] compared to the cumulative savings in social sector services
accruing because of slower population
growth."
Correspondence: National Committee for
Population and Family Planning, 12 Ngo Tat To Street, Hanoi, Viet Nam.
E-mail: dungva@netnam.org.vn. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
Studies concerned with the interrelations between fertility control and attitudinal variables, including studies on wanted and unwanted pregnancy and children, motivation for parenthood, sex preference, and voluntary childlessness. Studies on knowledge, attitudes, and practice (KAP) of family planning and attitudes toward family size are classified under this heading.
64:40331 Eswaran, Mukesh. One
explanation for the demographic transition in developing
countries. Oxford Economic Papers, Vol. 50, No. 2, Apr 1998.
237-65 pp. Oxford, England. In Eng.
"This paper considers, in
an overlapping generations model, the fertility choice of parents
confronted with the possibility of child mortality. The motive for
having children is assumed to be old age security and, therefore, not
altruistic. It is shown first in a partial equilibrium setting that
reductions in child mortality can induce a demographic transition. In a
general equilibrium setting, it is shown that a marginal reduction in
child mortality can raise or lower the standard of living of the
steady-state equilibrium population, depending on the initial level of
child mortality. Finally the paper draws some relevant policy
implications."
Correspondence: M. Eswaran, University
of British Columbia, Department of Economics, 997-1873 East Mall,
Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada. Location: Princeton University
Library (PF).
64:40332 Hume, Maggie; Haas, Taylor;
Scheinmann, Roberta; Burgess, Adam. Catholics and
reproduction: a world view. 1997. 17 pp. Catholics for a Free
Choice: Washington, D.C. In Eng.
The authors examine differences in
reproductive attitudes and behavior of Catholics worldwide.
"Because the sources vary--from national opinion polls to
multinational, comparative demographic studies--the data are presented
in varying ways, including multinational tables and prose snapshots
specific to single nations. The studies cited are the most recent and
reliable that could be located for each country." Sections are
included on family planning and contraception, abortion, divorce, and
the limits of church authority.
Correspondence: Catholics
for a Free Choice, 1436 U Street NW, No. 301, Washington, D.C. 20009.
E-mail: cffc@igc.apc.org. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
64:40333 Johnson, Kay; Huang, Banghan; Wang,
Liyao. Infant abandonment and adoption in China.
Population and Development Review, Vol. 24, No. 3, Sep 1998. 469-510,
668, 670 pp. New York, New York. In Eng. with sum. in Fre; Spa.
"This article reports the findings of a research project
conducted in 1995-96 on infant abandonment and adoption in China. These
two practices were found to be closely linked. Restrictive birth
planning policies combined with parents' perceived need for a son
produce patterns of abandonment that primarily affect higher-parity
daughters in sonless families. A lesser, but nonetheless strong desire
for daughters among daughterless families leads to adoption as a means
to remedy this situation as well as a means to overcome childlessness.
These aspects of contemporary Chinese culture...have helped alleviate
the ill effects of increased infant abandonment in the 1980s and 1990s
by leading many families to adopt
foundlings."
Correspondence: K. Johnson, Hampshire
College, Department of Asian Studies and Politics, Amherst, MA 01002.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:40334 Kulkarni, Sumati; Choe, Minja
Kim. Wanted and unwanted fertility in selected states of
India. National Family Health Survey Subject Report, No. 6, Feb
1998. 32 pp. International Institute for Population Sciences: Mumbai,
India; East-West Center, Program on Population [POP]: Honolulu, Hawaii.
In Eng.
"In this report, we propose new measures of wanted and
unwanted fertility based on actual and wanted parity progression
ratios, and we apply these procedures to [National Family Health
Survey] data for eight states in India. In the four large states with
high fertility, levels of wanted fertility are high, at three or more
children per married woman, and the proportion unwanted ranges from 20
to 28 percent of total marital fertility. In the three states with
moderate levels of fertility, the proportions of unwanted fertility are
even higher, ranging from 31 to 34 percent. In Kerala, wanted fertility
is already at replacement level, and there is very little unwanted
fertility.... Multivariate analysis indicates that education, religion,
exposure to family planning messages on radio or television, experience
of child loss, and son preference are among the important determinants
of contraceptive use among women who want no more
children."
This paper was originally presented at the 1997
Annual Meeting of the Population Association of
America.
Correspondence: S. Kulkarni, International
Institute for Population Sciences, Govandi Station Road, Deonar, Mumbai
400 088, India. E-mail: ipps@axcess.net.in. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:40335 Mwageni, Eleuther A.; Ankomah,
Augustine; Powell, Richard A. Attitudes of men towards
family planning in Mbeya region, Tanzania: a rural-urban comparison of
qualitative data. Journal of Biosocial Science, Vol. 30, No. 3,
Jul 1998. 381-92 pp. Cambridge, England. In Eng.
"This
paper...presents a rural-urban comparison of the attitudes of men in
Mbeya region, Tanzania, to family size preference, sex composition,
partners' communication on family planning matters and contraceptive
behaviour. Findings indicate that men express positive attitudes
towards fertility-regulating methods. There is, moreover, little
rural-urban variation in male attitudes towards family planning in the
study area. Possible reasons for this normative convergence (including
structural similarities and rural-urban migration between the two
communities) are discussed."
Correspondence: R. A.
Powell, University of Exeter, Postgraduate Medical School, Exeter EX2
5DW, England. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:40336 Pataki-Schweizer, K. J.
On reproduction and population: views from men in the Highlands of
Papua New Guinea. ISBN 9980-84-058-7. LC 97-190994. 1996. xvii,
110 pp. University of Papau New Guinea Press: University, Papau New
Guinea. In Eng.
This study examines the attitudes and knowledge of
men living in the Highlands region of Papua New Guinea concerning
aspects of human reproduction, population growth, contraception and
family planning, the role of women in society, perceived and actual
access to family planning services, and vectors of family planning
information. The data were gathered in 1992 in interviews with 80
individuals and 20 focus groups, involving about 260 men
overall.
Correspondence: University of Papua New Guinea
Press, P.O. Box 320, University, National Capital District, Papua New
Guinea. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:40337 Rutstein, Shea O. Change
in the desired number of children: a cross-country cohort analysis of
levels and correlates of change. DHS Analytical Report, No. 9, Jul
1998. ix, 46 pp. Macro International, Demographic and Health Surveys
[DHS]: Calverton, Maryland. In Eng.
Data from the World Fertility
Survey and the Demographic and Health Surveys are used to analyze
changes in women's desired number of children over time in developing
countries. The results indicate that about half of the change recorded
over time can be explained by changes in women's desired number of
children. "Greater decline in desired number of children is found
to be associated with higher levels of family planning effort in a
country, decreases in per capita income, and increases in national
levels of schooling. It is also found that there is a `rationalizing'
of fertility desires that accompanies an increased number of children.
The analysis of the determinants of differences in fertility desires
according to cohort of births finds that the greater the urbanization
and education of a cohort in its formative period, the lower the level
of desired number of children. Higher levels of income and fertility
(proxying for parents' family size) during the formative period
increases the level of desired number of children. The results of this
study are very encouraging. They show that countries do not have to
wait to become developed before they can reduce their rates of
population growth."
Correspondence: Macro
International, Demographic and Health Surveys, 11785 Beltsville Drive,
Calverton, MD 20705-3119. E-mail: reports@macroint.com. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:40338 Shah, Nasra M.; Shah, Makhdoom A.;
Radovanovic, Zoran. Patterns of desired fertility and
contraceptive use in Kuwait. International Family Planning
Perspectives, Vol. 24, No. 3, Sep 1998. 133-8 pp. New York, New York.
In Eng. with sum. in Fre; Spa.
"In this article, we report on
the results of the first household survey in Kuwait to include
questions on desired family size. We then analyse the determinants of
ideal family size and desire for another child, and examine the impact
of various measures of desired family size on contraceptive use."
Results indicate that "in a social setting that encourages high
fertility, number of living children and ethnic background are the most
important factors in whether women want to stop childbearing and
whether they use contraceptives, as well as in how many children they
consider ideal."
Correspondence: N. M. Shah, Kuwait
University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Community Medicine and
Behavioural Science, P.O. Box 24923, Safat, Kuwait. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:40339 Stycos, J. Mayone. Men,
couples, and family planning: a retrospective look. Population and
Development Program Working Papers Series, No. 96.12, 1996. 10 pp.
Cornell University, Department of Rural Sociology, Population and
Development Program: Ithaca, New York. In Eng.
The author reviews
the literature on gender differences in desired family size, with a
focus on the role of men in reproductive decision making. The extent to
which poor communication between spouses interferes with attainment of
family size goals is discussed.
Correspondence: Cornell
University, Department of Rural Sociology, Population and Development
Program, 134 Warren Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853-7801. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:40340 Thomson, Elizabeth; Hoem, Jan
M. Couple childbearing plans and births in Sweden.
Demography, Vol. 35, No. 3, Aug 1998. 315-22 pp. Silver Spring,
Maryland. In Eng.
"We use data from a nationally
representative sample of Swedish couples to estimate effects of
partners' childbearing plans on the rate of subsequent childbearing.
Only 11% of the couples in this sample expressed plans in opposite
directions...but 24% had differing levels of certainty about their
plans.... We discuss these results in the context of Sweden's public
support for gender equality and for childrearing, its pervasive
contraceptive regime, and its high rates of cohabitation."
This
is a revised version of a paper originally presented at the 1996 Annual
Meeting of the Population Association of
America.
Correspondence: E. Thomson, University of
Wisconsin, Center for Demography and Ecology, 1180 Observatory Drive,
Madison, WI 53706. E-mail: thomson@ssc.wisc.edu. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:40341 Williams, Linda B.; Abma, Joyce;
Piccinino, Linda. Fertility intentions, subsequent
behavior, and wantedness reports of births: a comparison of prospective
and retrospective attitudes. Population and Development Program
Working Papers Series, No. 96.14, 1996. 13, [13] pp. Cornell
University, Department of Rural Sociology, Population and Development
Program: Ithaca, New York. In Eng.
"The objective of this
research is to compare the birth intentions of women who were
interviewed for the 1988 round of the [U.S.] National Survey of Family
Growth, with their contraceptive use and actual fertility over the two
years following the survey, as reported during a telephone reinterview
that took place in 1990.... We examine women's attitudes toward future
childbearing, their level of certainty about the number of (additional)
births they expect to have, their contraceptive behavior, and a number
of changes in life circumstances which may have occurred during the
interval and may have affected fertility
desires."
Correspondence: Cornell University,
Department of Rural Sociology, Population and Development Program, 134
Warren Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853-7801. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
64:40342 Williams, Lindy; Sobieszczyk, Teresa;
Perez, Aurora. Using in-depth interviews and survey data
to understand couples' views about planning births in the
Philippines. Population and Development Program Working Papers
Series, No. 97.09, 1997. 19, [8] pp. Cornell University, Department of
Rural Sociology, Population and Development Program: Ithaca, New York.
In Eng.
"We examine reports by women and men of the wantedness
of recent pregnancies in the Philippines.... We examine the extent to
which conscious decisions are made about contraception and childbearing
and examine whether women who are better able to communicate with their
husbands about sex and fertility play a greater role in making
decisions about contraception and planning
pregnancies."
Correspondence: Cornell University,
Department of Rural Sociology, Population and Development Program, 134
Warren Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853-7801. Author's E-mail: lbw2@cornell.edu.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
Studies on induced abortion, including those on attitudes, with the exception of studies primarily concerned with government regulation of abortion, which are coded under M.2. Measures Affecting Fertility. Studies of spontaneous abortion appear under F.3. Sterility and Other Pathology.
64:40343 Agadjanian, Victor.
"Quasi-legal" abortion services in a Sub-Saharan setting:
users' profile and motivations. International Family Planning
Perspectives, Vol. 24, No. 3, Sep 1998. 111-6 pp. New York, New York.
In Eng. with sum. in Fre; Spa.
"This study focuses on
Mozambique, a country with `quasi-legal' abortion services. We explore
the profile of women who obtain abortions at an urban hospital and the
reasons behind their decisions to terminate pregnancy; we also attempt
to determine how representative these women are of the urban female
population and what segments of this population have limited access to
safe abortion services." Results indicate that "women's
socioeconomic circumstances may affect their attitudes toward and
ability to obtain an induced abortion. Legalization of the procedure
would help extend services to underserved segments of the population,
but greater access for poor, rural women will depend on the nation's
socioeconomic progress."
Correspondence: V.
Agadjanian, Arizona State University, Department of Sociology, Tempe,
AZ 85287-1104. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:40344 Ahmed, M. Kapil; Rahman, Mizanur; van
Ginneken, Jeroen. Induced abortion in Matlab, Bangladesh:
trends and determinants. International Family Planning
Perspectives, Vol. 24, No. 3, Sep 1998. 128-32 pp. New York, New York.
In Eng. with sum. in Fre; Spa.
"Data from a longitudinal
demographic surveillance system are used to analyze the outcomes of
about 75,000 pregnancies between 1982 and 1991 in Matlab, a rural area
of Bangladesh.... The incidence of abortion was higher among women who
had had six or more births or who became pregnant fewer than 12 months
after the previous pregnancy. Induced abortion ratios were higher among
users of the pill, condoms or traditional methods than among users of
injectable contraceptives or among contraceptive
nonusers."
Correspondence: M. K. Ahmed, International
Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, Health and
Demographic Surveillance Program, G.P.O. Box 128, Dhaka 1000,
Bangladesh. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:40345 Bankole, Akinrinola; Singh, Susheela;
Haas, Taylor. Reasons why women have induced abortions:
evidence from 27 countries. International Family Planning
Perspectives, Vol. 24, No. 3, Sep 1998. 117-27, 152 pp. New York, New
York. In Eng. with sum. in Spa; Fre.
"Findings from 32 studies
in 27 countries were used to examine the reasons that women give for
having an abortion, regional patterns in these reasons and the
relationship between such reasons and women's social and demographic
characteristics.... Worldwide, the most commonly reported reason women
cite for having an abortion is to postpone or stop childbearing. The
second most common reason--socioeconomic concerns--includes disruption
of education or employment; lack of support from the father; desire to
provide schooling for existing children; and poverty, unemployment or
inability to afford additional children."
Correspondence:
A. Bankole, Alan Guttmacher Institute, 120 Wall Street, New York,
NY 10005. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:40346 Bélanger, Danièle;
Khuat, Thu Hong. Young single women using abortion in
Hanoi, Viet Nam. Asia-Pacific Population Journal, Vol. 13, No. 2,
Jun 1998. 3-26 pp. Bangkok, Thailand. In Eng.
"This article
presents the results of an exploratory study on a sample of single
women who had an abortion in the northern part of Viet Nam. Results
from a survey questionnaire show that most women had an unwanted
pregnancy in the context of a committed relationship. Few of them had
ever used a contraceptive method and, of the ones who did, they did not
use it regularly or effectively. Few opportunities for exchanges on
sexuality related matters and poor contraceptive knowledge and skills
stand out as important determinants of abortion
use."
Correspondence: D. Bélanger, University
of Western Ontario, Department of Sociology, London, Ontario N6A 5C2,
Canada. E-mail: dbelang@julian.uwo.ca. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
64:40347 Boyle, Mary. Re-thinking
abortion: psychology, gender, power and the law. ISBN
0-415-16364-1. LC 97-14933. 1997. vi, 164 pp. Routledge: New York, New
York/London, England. In Eng.
This study is about the psychological
aspects of induced abortion. The first chapter describes the relevant
legislation on abortion in Great Britain, Northern Ireland and the
Irish Republic, and the United States. The next two chapters review two
of the debates on abortion issues, first on motherhood, morality, and
the sanctity of life, and then on the role of the medical profession in
abortion. The relationship between abortion and contraception is
considered next. Another chapter examines the experience of abortion,
and how it may be related to its social meanings and to the discourses
surrounding it. The final chapter reexamines psychology's relationship
to abortion, as well as " psychology's uneasy relationship to
social policy and its reluctance to acknowledge the role of social,
moral and political factors in the production of
knowledge."
Correspondence: Routledge, 11 New Fetter
Lane, London EC4P 4EE, England. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
64:40348 Caldwell, Bruce; Barkat-e-Khuda;
Ahmed, Shameem; Nessa, Fazilatun; Haque, Indrani. The
determinants and consequences of pregnancy termination in rural
Bangladesh: the wider context. ICDDR, B Working Paper, No. 77,
ISBN 984-551-098-1. 1997. iv, 24 pp. International Centre for
Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh [ICDDR, B]: Dhaka, Bangladesh.
In Eng.
"This study examines the factors that motivate rural
Bangladeshi women to terminate pregnancies, the decision-making process
involved, the service providers used, the sources of information
available to the women on pregnancy termination, and the broader
consequences of terminating a pregnancy." The data concern 41
currently married women who had undergone pregnancy termination.
"The primary reason given for having terminations was to limit
family size, while the second most-cited reason given was for birth
spacing. Most of these women were not using any contraceptive methods,
either because they did not believe that they required them or because
they were concerned about possible side-effects. Other women reported
that they were using methods incorrectly or that the method had
failed.... Half of the respondents initially sought treatment from
untrained providers or conducted their own terminations, despite the
availability of trained government
providers."
Correspondence: International Centre for
Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, G.P.O. Box 128, Dhaka 1000,
Bangladesh. E-mail: barkat@cholera.bangla.net. Location: Brown
University Library, Providence, RI.
64:40349 Desgrées du Loû,
Annabel; Msellati, Philippe; Viho, Ida; Welffens-Ekra,
Christiane. The growing resort to induced abortion in
Abidjan over the last 10 years: is this one of the factors leading to
the recent decline in fertility? [Le recours croissant à
l'avortement provoqué à Abidjan depuis 10 ans. Un des
mécanismes de la récente baisse de
fécondité?] Documents de Recherche, No. 5, Apr 1998. 21
pp. ETS/ORSTOM: Paris, France. In Fre. with sum. in Eng.
Although
fertility has declined in the Ivory Coast from 7.2 children in 1980 to
5.7 in 1994, the level of reported contraceptive use remains at less
than 20%. "This study presents the levels and trends of induced
abortion, observed from the retrospective pregnancy histories of 1,201
pregnant women in Abidjan. These data reveal a frequent use of induced
abortion (one third of women aborted once at least) which seems to be a
recent phenomenon, generalised during the last ten years. The use of
induced abortion concerned all age-groups, but particularly the
youngest who used it from the beginning of their fertile life as a way
to delay the first birth, whereas the oldest used it after several
pregnancies, in order to space births. This rapid and recent increase
of induced abortion is concomitant to the recent fertility decrease in
Ivory Coast and may have played a part in such a
decrease."
Correspondence: ETS/ORSTOM/LPE, Case 10,
Centre St. Charles, 3 place Victor Hugo, 13331 Marseilles Cedex 3,
France. E-mail: vimard@orstom.rio.net. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
64:40350 Jacoby, Kerry N. Souls,
bodies, spirits: the drive to abolish abortion since 1973. ISBN
0-275-96044-7. LC 97-33700. 1998. xv, 230 pp. Praeger: Westport,
Connecticut. In Eng.
This book attempts to provide a portrait of
the pro-life, or anti-abortion, activists in the United States.
"It presents the [abortion] abolitionists in the context of their
own historical reality, their belief systems, and the American culture
as they see it. By seeking to understand abolitionism in its
incarnations as a moral crusade, a social movement, and an adjunct
phenomenon to religious revivalism, we can better see the tapestry that
is abolitionism--a multifaceted, many-hued portrait of light and dark,
patience and passion."
Correspondence: Praeger
Publishers, 88 Post Road West, P.O. Box 5007, Westport, CT 06881.
Location: Princeton University Library (FST).
64:40351 Ketting, Evert; Smit, Jonna.
Abortion matters: international conference on reducing the need and
improving the quality of abortion services, 27-29 March 1996. ISBN
90-70632-15-2. Mar 1997. 370 pp. Stimezo Nederland: Utrecht,
Netherlands. In Eng.
This volume contains papers presented at an
international conference on induced abortion held in the Netherlands in
1996. The main theme of the conference was that abortion is a serious
women's health issue that should be treated openly and directly. The
text of a conference declaration is included, which emphasizes the need
for an informed debate on the reality of abortion, the right to legal
and safe abortion for all women in need as an integral part of
reproductive health care, the value of linking abortion services to
family planning services, the reduction of reliance on abortion through
the promotion of contraception, the establishment of care guidelines
for abortion services, and the need to increase men's understanding of
abortion issues.
Correspondence: Stimezo Nederland,
Oudenoord 182, 3513 EV Utrecht, Netherlands. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:40352 Knudsen, Lisbeth B. 25
years with induced abortion in Denmark. Danish Center for
Demographic Research, Research Report, No. 2, ISBN 87-90736-02-8. 1998.
12 pp. Odense University, Danish Center for Demographic Research:
Odense, Denmark. In Eng.
"An act on pregnancy interruption,
which gives any woman in Denmark the right to induced abortion on
request, came into force in Denmark on October 1, 1973. Since then, the
act has been subject to only minor revisions. During the 25 years that
have past since 1973, legally induced abortion has become a generally
accepted form of birth control in Denmark. Based on various published
data, this report addresses main trends during the 25 years and
presents various measures and calculations in order to elucidate their
different suitability in the interpretation of the
development."
Correspondence: Odense University,
Danish Center for Demographic Research, Hollufgaard, Hestehaven 201,
5220 Odense SØ, Denmark. E-mail: per.b@demfo.ou.dk.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:40353 Llovet, Juan J.; Ramos,
Silvina. Induced abortion in Latin America: strategies for
future social research. Reproductive Health Matters, Vol. 6, No.
11, May 1998. 55-65 pp. London, England. In Eng. with sum. in Fre; Spa.
"This paper analyses the present state of knowledge on induced
abortion in Latin America based on a critical review of information
from regional meetings and seminars in the 1990s and articles in
international journals in the field. It focuses on the incidence of
abortion, the abortion decision-making process, and the political and
public dimensions of induced abortion, and discusses theoretical and
methodological aspects of abortion research, and ethical and political
concerns.... [The authors suggest a] range of priorities for future
research in the region."
Correspondence: S. Ramos,
Centro de Estudios de Estado y Sociedad, Sanchez de Bustamente 27,
Buenos Aires 1173, Argentina. E-mail: arcoiris@cedes.edu.ar.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:40354 Mathai, Saramma T.
Making abortion safer. Journal of Family Welfare, Vol. 43, No.
2, Jun 1997. 71-80 pp. Mumbai, India. In Eng.
The author reviews
the status of legal abortion in India, with a focus on the
accessibility and safety of the procedure.
Correspondence:
S. T. Mathai, WHO/INTRAH, Sanga Rachana, 53 Lodi Estate, New Delhi
110 003, India. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:40355 Parnell, Allan M.; Rodgers, Joseph
L. Seasonality of induced abortion in North Carolina.
Journal of Biosocial Science, Vol. 30, No. 3, Jul 1998. 321-32 pp.
Cambridge, England. In Eng.
"This paper examines the
seasonality of induced abortion in North Carolina between 1980 and
1993. Distinct seasonal patterns are found, with a peak in February and
a valley in September. These patterns correspond to the implicit
seasonality of conceptions associated with the seasonality of birth
pattern. One notable difference from the general pattern is among
unmarried women aged 18 and younger. They have the February peak and an
additional peak in August that may be associated with the summer
vacation from school."
Correspondence: A. M. Parnell,
Duke University, Department of Sociology, Durham, NC 27708.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
Studies on lactation, nutrition, fecundability, sex behavior, menarche and menopause, and other biological factors or social customs as they affect fertility directly. Factors affecting contraceptive practice and factors affecting fertility indirectly are not included here.
64:40356 Chowdhury, Nazneen; Islam, M.
Ataharul; Chakraborty, Nitai. Infant and child feeding
practices in Bangladesh: evidence from Bangladesh Demographic and
Health Survey, 1993-94. Demography India, Vol. 26, No. 2, Jul-Dec
1997. 275-86 pp. Delhi, India. In Eng.
"This paper explores
the various aspects of breastfeeding using [the Bangladesh Demographic
and Health Survey 1993-94].... The study reveals that although
breastfeeding is universal in Bangladesh and its duration is quite
long...certain aspects of breastfeeding are not practiced in [an]
effective manner."
Correspondence: N. Chowdhury,
University of Dhaka, Department of Statistics, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:40357 Murray, Nancy J.; Zabin, Laurie S.;
Toledo-Dreves, Virginia; Luengo-Charath, Ximena. Gender
differences in factors influencing first intercourse among urban
students in Chile. International Family Planning Perspectives,
Vol. 24, No. 3, Sep 1998. 139-44, 152 pp. New York, New York. In Eng.
with sum. in Fre; Spa.
"In this article, we examine Chilean
data from a detailed evaluation of a sex education program in public
schools in the capital, Santiago de Chile. We analyze factors
significantly associated with early sexual initiation, as documented in
the U.S. and Latin American literature, among a sample of middle school
and high school students from neighborhoods of low socioeconomic status
in Santiago." Results indicate that "there were few
differences by gender in the attitudinal, behavioral and social
relations factors that were significantly related to sexual debut,
although father's presence in the home and academic achievement were
still significant in the final model for young women
only."
Correspondence: N. J. Murray, Johns Hopkins
University, Department of Population Dynamics, 615 North Wolfe Street,
Baltimore, MD 21205. Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
64:40358 Nath, Dilip C.; Leonetti, Donna
L. Correlates of coital patterns in a traditional Indian
society. Seattle Population Research Center Working Paper, No.
98-10, Jun 1998. 22 pp. University of Washington, Seattle Population
Research Center: Seattle, Washington. In Eng.
The authors suggest
that "frequency and timing of intercourse is one the strongest and
most persistent factors affecting fertility in non-contracepting
populations. Relatively few rigorous studies on coital pattern and
correlates in contemporary India have been published. This study used a
small window [of] data from traditional Indian society to investigate
current coital pattern and to identify the key factors that influence
coital life in scheduled castes of Hindu population living in rural
areas in the Northeastern Indian state of Assam.... Covariates such as
susceptibility condition of wife, age of wife, age of husband, couple's
marital duration, sub-caste, per capita monthly income of the
household, number of male surviving children and total number of
surviving children have strong effects on the risk of sexual
intercourse."
Correspondence: Seattle Population
Research Center, c/o University of Washington, Center for Studies in
Demography and Ecology, Department of Sociology DK-40, Seattle, WA
98195. Author's E-mail: dnath@u.washington.edu. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:40359 Warren, Charles W.; Santelli, John
S.; Everett, Sherry A.; Kann, Laura; Collins, Janet L.; Cassell, Carol;
Morris, Leo; Kolbe, Lloyd J. Sexual behavior among U.S.
high school students, 1990-1995. Family Planning Perspectives,
Vol. 30, No. 4, Jul-Aug 1998. 170-2, 200 pp. New York, New York. In
Eng.
"Nationally representative data from [U.S.] Youth Risk
Behavior Surveys conducted in 1990, 1991, 1993 and 1995 are used to
examine levels of sexual experience, age at first intercourse, current
sexual activity and condom use at last intercourse among students in
grades 9-12.... The proportion of students who reported being sexually
experienced remained at 53-54% from 1990 through 1995, while the
percentage of sexually active students who used condoms at last
intercourse rose from 46% to 54% between 1991 and 1995."
Differences among blacks, whites, and Hispanics and between males and
females are noted.
Correspondence: C. W. Warren, Centers
for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of Adolescent and School
Health, 1600 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30333. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
Studies on nonmarital fertility, including illegitimacy. Studies of common-law marriage and other forms of cohabitation or voluntary single parenthood are coded under G.1. Marriage and Divorce or G.2. Family and Household.
64:40360 Abrahamson, Mark.
Out-of-wedlock births: the United States in comparative
perspective. ISBN 0-275-95662-8. LC 97-43954. 1998. viii, 172 pp.
Praeger: Westport, Connecticut. In Eng.
This is an attempt to
provide a comparative analysis of births outside of marriage in the
United States. Part 1 examines the current situation in the United
States, with sections on marriage and parenthood, the availability and
quality of the relevant U.S. data and rates, and the who, how, and when
of nonmarital births. Part 2 presents comparative case studies from
Essex in England, 1590-1625; Madrid, Spain, 1760-1800; and Jamaica in
the West Indies, 1950-1985. Part 3 concludes the book with a
theoretical overview and a discussion on the relationship between
welfare and fertility outside of marriage.
Correspondence:
Praeger Publishers, 88 Post Road West, Westport, CT 06881.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:40361 Graham, David T. The
geography of extra-marital fertility in the East Midlands, 1981 and
1991. East Midland Geographer, Vol. 20, No. 1-2, 1997. 3-19 pp.
Nottingham, England. In Eng.
"This paper explores the recent
trends in extra-marital fertility in the United Kingdom and the East
Midlands.... By means of bivariate and multivariate analyses the
spatial variation in extra-marital fertility can be explained in terms
of levels of urbanisation, female unemployment, low social class and
female educational attainment. The increase in extra-marital fertility
over the decade can also be explained by changes in level of
urbanisation and female educational attainment as well as changes in
the levels [of] owner occupation, non-married female activity rates and
married females."
Correspondence: D. T. Graham,
Nottingham Trent University, Department of International Studies,
Nottingham NG11 8NS, England. Location: New York Public
Library, New York, NY.
