Studies concerned with the relations between population factors as a whole and noneconomic factors. Relations affecting a single demographic variable are coded under the variable concerned and not in this division. Studies concerned equally with economic and social factors are coded under K.1.1. General Economic Development and Population.
Studies on interrelations with education, religion, social change, and socioeconomic status.
64:30711 Asher, Mukul G.
Financing old age in Southeast Asia: an overview. Southeast
Asian Affairs, 1996. 72-98 pp. Singapore. In Eng.
"The main
purpose here is to provide an overview of the social security
arrangements in selected Southeast Asian countries. Given the
significant differences in these countries in the underlying
philosophy, design and detailed provisions concerning social security
arrangements, a country-by-country rather than a comparative approach
is adopted." The countries analyzed are Indonesia, Malaysia, the
Philippines, Singapore, and Thailand.
Correspondence: M. G.
Asher, National University of Singapore, Department of Economics and
Public Policy, 10 Kent Ridge Crescent, Singapore 119260. Location:
Princeton University Library (FST).
64:30712 Baldwin-Edwards, Martin.
Third country nationals and welfare systems in the European
Union. Jean Monnet Working Paper in Comparative and International
Politics, No. 12.97, Sep 1997. 9 pp. University of Catania, Department
of Political Studies: Catania, Italy. In Eng.
"In this paper I
shall sketch the patterns of evolution of European welfare states,
their various phases and the broad relations with immigrants. Then I
address the question of the welfare needs of migrants, by migrant
category and also using life-cycle hypotheses; the relative successes
of different welfare systems in satisfying these needs are then
examined."
Correspondence: University of Catania,
Department of Political Studies, Catania, Italy. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:30713 Barkley, David L.; Henry, Mark S.;
Bao, Shuming. The role of local school quality in rural
employment and population growth. Review of Regional Studies, Vol.
28, No. 1, Summer 1998. 81-102 pp. Knoxville, Tennessee. In Eng.
"This study investigates the influence of school quality
(measured at the high school level) on 1980 to 1990 population and
employment change for nonmetropolitan fringe and hinterland census
tracts in South Carolina. A Boarnet variation of the Carlino-Mills
model is used to examine the interdependence of population and
employment change.... Results...indicate that fringe tracts' population
growth was positively related to student test scores, and hinterland
tracts population and employment growth were negatively related to
student-teacher ratios. Empirical results suggest that local school
quality provided a positive influence on rural growth, primarily in
terms of residential growth. The role of school quality for employment
growth was less clear."
Correspondence: D. L. Barkley,
Clemson University, Department of Economic Development, Clemson, SC
29634. Location: Princeton University Library (PF).
64:30714 Blanchet, Didier; Pelé,
Louis-Paul. Social security and retirement in France.
NBER Working Paper, No. 6214, Oct 1997. 33 pp. National Bureau of
Economic Research [NBER]: Cambridge, Massachusetts. In Eng.
"Among numerous retirement schemes in France, the Social
Security general regime covers all wage earners from the private
sector, about 65% of workers. In this regime, retirees are eligible for
a full pension at 65, or between 60 and 65 if they contributed to the
regime for at least 37.5 years. For people between 60 and 65 who do not
fulfill this condition, retirement is still possible but with a
downward adjustment of benefits. Our computations show that early
retirement adjustment rules give strong incentives to go on working
until being eligible for a full pension, even if mandatory
complementary schemes soften incentives, especially for executives.
These results are consistent with empirical hazard rates, showing two
spikes at 60 and 65, and with the change in the retirement age induced
by the 1983 reform."
Correspondence: National Bureau
of Economic Research, 1050 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02138.
Location: Princeton University Library (PF).
64:30715 Gruber, Jonathan. Social
security and retirement in Canada. NBER Working Paper, No. 6308,
Dec 1997. 30, [9] pp. National Bureau of Economic Research [NBER]:
Cambridge, Massachusetts. In Eng.
"Government transfers to
older persons in Canada are one of the largest and fastest growing
components of the government budget. I provide an overview of the
interaction between these transfer programs and retirement behavior. I
begin by documenting historical trends in labor force participation and
program receipt, and contemporaneous patterns of work and income
receipt for the current cohort of older persons. I then present an
overview of the structure of this system of Canadian transfers
programs. Finally I present results of a simulation model which
measures the implicit tax/subsidy rate on work after age 55 through
this system."
Correspondence: National Bureau of
Economic Research, 1050 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02138.
Author's E-mail: jonathan.gruber@ms01.do.treas.sprint.com.
Location: Princeton University Library (PF).
64:30716 Lamy, Marlène.
Educational perspectives: some perspectives derived from the
application of a method that recognizes fluctuations.
[Perspectives scolaires: des perspectives dérivées
à l'application de la méthode des flux.] In:
Démographie: analyse et synthèse. Causes et
conséquences des évolutions démographiques, Volume
1. Sep 1997. 151-8 pp. Università degli Studi di Roma La
Sapienza, Dipartimento di Scienze Demografiche: Rome, Italy; Institut
National d'Etudes Démographiques [INED]: Paris, France;
Université Catholique de Louvain, Institut de
Démographie, Département des Sciences de la Population et
du Développement: Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium. In Fre.
Some
problems concerning the forecasting of education trends in developed
countries are examined using the example of France. Two alternative
methods of studying education trends are considered, one based on
demographic data alone and the other on the impact of the educational
choices pupils in the system actually make as they progress through the
system. Reasons for using the two alternative approaches to study
different problems are discussed.
Correspondence: M. Lamy,
Université de Paris I, Panthéon-Sorbonne, IDUP, 191 rue
Saint-Jacques, 75005 Paris, France. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
64:30717 Pinnelli, Antonella.
Gender and demography. In: Démographie: analyse et
synthèse. Causes et conséquences des évolutions
démographiques, Volume 1. Sep 1997. 221-44 pp. Università
degli Studi di Roma La Sapienza, Dipartimento di Scienze Demografiche:
Rome, Italy; Institut National d'Etudes Démographiques [INED]:
Paris, France; Université Catholique de Louvain, Institut de
Démographie, Département des Sciences de la Population et
du Développement: Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium. In Eng.
This is
an introduction to the study of gender issues in demography. The author
provides some definitions of what is meant by gender in this context
and describes the trend from women's studies to gender studies in
demography. "The next few paragraphs will summarize the results
which have emerged over the last few years in the literature on gender
and population, with a highlighting of the lines of research which seem
most promising in relation to the main contents of demographic
research: the family, fertility and birth control, health and
mortality, migration and ageing. Then one paragraph will be devoted to
data and methods for research on gender and population, and the last
paragraph to reflections and proposals on the introduction of the
perspective of gender into the teaching of
demography."
Correspondence: A. Pinnelli,
Università degli Studi di Roma La Sapienza, Dipartimento di
Scienze Demografiche, Via Nomentana 41, 00161 Rome, Italy.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:30718 Rochon, Madeleine.
Demographic aging, health status, and the financing of expenditures
on public health and the social services. [Vieillissement
démographique, état de santé et financement des
dépenses publiques de santé et de services sociaux.]
Collection de Thèses et Mémoires, No. 47, Apr 1997. xiii,
212, xliv pp. Université de Montréal, Département
de Démographie: Montreal, Canada. In Fre.
This doctoral
thesis, which is not an official publication of the Department of
Demography at Montreal University, deals with the financial impact of
demographic aging on public health expenditures. The focus is on the
Canadian province of Quebec during the period 1991-2066. Attention is
given to changes in mortality and in the age distribution of the
population. The author focuses on possible changes in the morbidity of
the elderly and possible modifications to their financial contributions
to the health system.
Correspondence: Université de
Montréal, Département de Démographie, C.P. 6128,
Succursale A, Montreal, Quebec H3C 3J7, Canada. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:30719 Sinn, Hans-Werner. The
value of children and immigrants in a pay-as-you-go pension system: a
proposal for a partial transition to a funded system. NBER Working
Paper, No. 6229, Oct 1997. 22 pp. National Bureau of Economic Research
[NBER]: Cambridge, Massachusetts. In Eng.
"It is shown that
the net fiscal externality created by an additional member of a
pay-as-you-go pension system that is endowed with individual accounts
equals the gross contributions of this member. In Germany, this is an
amount of about DM 175,000. The paper uses this information to design a
hybrid funded system that avoids this externality and improves the
public pension system under equity and efficiency
considerations."
Correspondence: National Bureau of
Economic Research, 1050 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02138.
Author's E-mail: hans-werner.sinn@ces.vwl.uni-muenchen.de.
Location: Princeton University Library (PF).
64:30720 Stromquist, Nelly P.
Women in the third world: an encyclopedia of contemporary
issues. Garland Reference Library of Social Science, Vol. 760,
ISBN 0-8153-0150-2. LC 98-14689. 1998. xxxiv, 683 pp. Garland
Publishing: New York, New York/London, England. In Eng.
"This
encyclopedia seeks to provide a feminist perspective on issues involved
in socioeconomic development of Third World countries.... [It]
comprises 10 sections. Its content begins with a discussion of some
central conceptual and theoretical issues and then moves to major areas
concerning gender and development. These areas can be classified into
two categories: areas that document and explain the situation of women,
such as political and legal contexts, sex role ideologies, demographics
and health, marriage and the family, women and production; and areas
that inform the reader of more transformative positions, such as the
sections on women and the environment, enabling conditions for change,
and movements for change. The final section of the encyclopedia
contains geographical entries."
Correspondence:
Garland Publishing, 717 Fifth Avenue, Suite 2500, New York, NY
10022. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:30721 Welti, Carlos.
Population dynamics and social change in Latin America.
[Dinámica demográfica y cambio social en América
Latina.] Estudios Latinoamericanos, Vol. 3, No. 5, Jan-Jun 1996. 143-60
pp. Mexico City, DF, Mexico. In Spa. with sum. in Eng.
"Given
the current necessity to forecast the medium and long range scenarios
in Latin America, sociological analyses of demographic trends have
become very relevant. [The author] argues that it is essential to
reflect upon the relationship between population and development. This
is even more critical now that all seems to revolve around the search
for growth via structural adjustment. The author analyzes the present
demographic setting in Latin America and the impact of demographic
policies undertaken within structural
adjustment."
Correspondence: C. Welti, Universidad
Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto de Investigaciones
Sociales, Ciudad Universitaria, 04510 Mexico City, DF, Mexico.
Location: New York Public Library, New York, NY.
Studies on the political aspects of population growth, including the demographic impact of war.
64:30722 Anderson, James; Shuttleworth,
Ian. Sectarian demography, territoriality and political
development in Northern Ireland. Political Geography, Vol. 17, No.
2, Feb 1998. 187-208 pp. Oxford, England. In Eng.
"Here we
discuss, firstly, the limits of Census-based empiricism [in Northern
Ireland] and the usually unacknowledged problems of data and
interpretation which have resulted in a seriously misleading
`conventional wisdom'. Secondly, we question its sectarian terms of
reference, the over-identification of religion and politics, and
misconceptions of ethnicity.... Thirdly, we focus on some of the flawed
policy `solutions' associated with empiricism and sectarianism,
including `internal' power-sharing and `consociational' strategies for
political development."
Correspondence: J. Anderson,
University of Newcastle upon Tyne, Department of Geography, Newcastle
upon Tyne NE1 7RU, England. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
64:30723 Cherrad, Salah E.
Demography and crises in Algeria. [Démographie et
crises en Algérie.] Bulletin de la Société
Languedocienne de Géographie, Vol. 30, No. 1-2, Jan-Jun 1996.
57-66 pp. Montpellier, France. In Fre.
This article argues that
demographic factors are an underlying cause of the many political,
economic, social, and cultural crises that Algeria has experienced over
the course of the 1990s. The author suggests that although the
demography of the country is generally ignored when these issues are
discussed, the rapid rate of population growth, which has caused the
population to double in about 20 years, and the continued dependency
burden, due to the fact that over 50% of the population are under age
20, are major causes of the country's current
malaise.
Correspondence: S. E. Cherrad, Université
de Constantine, Route d'Aïn El Bey, Constantine, Algeria.
Location: U.S. Library of Congress, Washington, D.C.
64:30724 Coleman, D. A. Origins
of multi-cultural societies and problems of their management under
democracy. In: International Population Conference/Congrès
International de la Population: Beijing, 1997, Volume 3. 1997. 1,457-96
pp. International Union for the Scientific Study of Population [IUSSP]:
Liège, Belgium. In Eng.
"This paper investigates three
related demographic and political aspects of the creation, coherence
and survival of states which comprise more than one nation or ethnic
group: 1. to what extent are ethnic differences reflected in
demographic differences...? 2. how do these interact with the
democratic process, to effect the coherence of modern states and
societies...? 3. are substantial ethnic divisions and nation states
compatible under a democratic (i.e. people-counting) system? If not,
are there alternatives to fragmentation or to
assimilation?"
Correspondence: D. A. Coleman, Oxford
University, Department of Applied Social Studies and Social Research,
Wellington Square, Oxford OX1 2JD, England. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:30725 Gotanègre, J.-F.
Overpopulation and war: the example of Rwanda. [Surpopulation
et guerre: l'exemple du Rwanda.] Bulletin de la Société
Languedocienne de Géographie, Vol. 30, No. 1-2, Jan-Jun 1996.
33-55 pp. Montpellier, France. In Fre.
The author examines the
extent to which the recent events in Rwanda, including the civil war
and the attempts at genocide, are related to overpopulation. In
particular, three questions are considered: Under what circumstances
can reasonable people arrive at a situation in which they can
participate in collective suicidal behavior? Do such crises arise from
lack of resources, or failure to make the best use of the resources
that do exist? Are such events part of a global conflict between
liberal societies and societies governed by extremist
idealists?
Correspondence: J.-F. Gotanègre,
Université Paul-Valéry, B.P. 5043, 34032 Montpellier
Cedex, France. Location: U.S. Library of Congress, Washington,
D.C.
64:30726 Lévy, Michel L.
Demography and the suffrage. [Démographie et suffrage.]
Population et Sociétés, No. 335, May 1998. 3 pp. Institut
National d'Etudes Démographiques [INED]: Paris, France. In Fre.
Some aspects of modern industrialized democracies are examined in
the context of the various political problems that France is currently
experiencing. Topics discussed include the relationship between the
citizen and the elected representative, state and local budgets, and
social security. The emphasis is on the availability of the appropriate
demographic and socioeconomic data required in order to examine such
problems in a meaningful way.
Correspondence: Institut
National d'Etudes Démographiques, 133 boulevard Davout, 75980
Paris Cedex 20, France. E-mail: ined@ined.fr. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:30727 Parsons, Jack. Medicine,
population and war. Medicine, Conflict and Survival, Vol. 12,
Jan-Mar 1996. 23-34 pp. London, England. In Eng.
"A major
problem in our desire to abolish war is that of causation. Presumably,
if the causes of violence can be discovered then in principle they can
be addressed directly and at least to some extent brought under
control. `World population growth' must assuredly be one of these
causes, so this and its relationship with the practice of medicine
forms the central theme of this article."
Correspondence:
J. Parsons, Treferig Cottage Farm, Llantrisant, Mid-Glamorgan CF72
8LQ, Wales. Location: Dartmouth College Library, Hanover, NH.
64:30728 Ronsin, Francis; Le Bras,
Hervé; Zucker-Rouvillois, Elisabeth. Demography and
politics. [Démographie et politique.] ISBN 2-905965-14-2.
1997. 207 pp. Editions Universitaires de Dijon: Dijon, France. In Fre.
This book, which contains 13 studies by various authors, is a
product of conferences and seminars held in Dijon, France, in 1993 and
1994. The common theme of the collection is how the demographic
approach can be used to study the conflicts that can arise when
ideologues and those holding political power attempt to control the
exercise of fundamental individual freedoms concerning sexuality,
relations between the sexes, and family life in general. The papers are
organized into three main parts: Birth control and moral policy;
Pronatalism, nationalism, eugenics, and social Darwinism; and Between
the paternalistic state and the welfare state. The primary geographical
focus is on Western Europe.
Correspondence: Editions
Universitaires de Dijon, 4 boulevard Gabriel, 21000 Dijon, France.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
Studies on nutrition and health, including psychological aspects and sex behavior. Studies that are concerned with the impact of these factors on fertility are coded under F.5. Factors Other Than Contraception Affecting Fertility.
64:30729 Aaby, Peter. Bandim: an
unplanned longitudinal study. In: Prospective community studies in
developing countries, edited by Monica Das Gupta et al. 1997. 276-96
pp. Clarendon Press: Oxford, England; International Union for the
Scientific Study of Population [IUSSP]: Liège, Belgium. In Eng.
The author describes an interdisciplinary project that began in
1978 in Guinea-Bissau to examine nutritional priorities in preventive
health care. The project was originally planned to last one or two
years, but developed into a more long-term project as new data were
collected in response to the questions that arose as the project
evolved. The author shows how the project developed to focus on the
significance of measles for child mortality and how this mortality
could be influenced by immunization efforts. The value of general
research as opposed to the testing of specific hypotheses in such
situations is noted.
Correspondence: P. Aaby, Statens Serum
Institute, Danish Epidemiology Science Centre, Department of
Epidemiology, Copenhagen, Denmark. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
64:30730 Addai, Isaac.
Demographic and sociocultural factors influencing use of maternal
health services in Ghana. African Journal of Reproductive
Health/Revue Africaine de la Santé Reproductive, Vol. 2, No. 1,
Apr 1998. 73-80 pp. Benin City, Nigeria. In Eng. with sum. in Fre.
"Using data from the 1993 Ghana Demographic and Health Survey
(GDHS), this study investigates the demographic and sociocultural
determinants of use of maternal health services. The maternal health
services considered in this study are: (i) use of a doctor for prenatal
care; (ii) soliciting antenatal check-up; (iii) place of delivery and,
(iv) family planning.... Multivariate analyses reveal that the use of
the four maternal health services under study tend to be shaped mostly
by level of education, place of residence, region of residence,
occupation, and religion."
Correspondence: I. Addai,
Acadia University, Department of Sociology, Wolfville, Nova Scotia,
Canada. E-mail: isaac.addai@acadiau.ca. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
64:30731 Akhter, Halida H.; Rahman, M.
Hafizur; Ahmed, Shehlina. Reproductive health issues and
implementation strategies in Bangladesh. BIRPERHT Technical
Report, No. 57, LC 96-905207. May 1996. ix, 94 pp. Bangladesh Institute
of Research for Promotion of Essential and Reproductive Health and
Technologies [BIRPERHT]: Dhaka, Bangladesh. In Eng.
The authors
discuss reproductive health issues in Bangladesh. Chapters are
presented on reproductive health status, including historical
perspectives, policy considerations, service delivery infrastructure,
family planning services, and sexually transmitted diseases;
maternal-child health care; familiarization with the reproductive
health care concept; and recommendations for short- and long-term
plans.
Correspondence: Bangladesh Institute of Research for
Promotion of Essential and Reproductive Health and Technologies, Dhaka,
Bangladesh. Location: U.S. Library of Congress, Washington,
D.C.
64:30732 Berggren, Gretchen; Berggren, Warren;
Menager, Henri; Genece, Eddy. Longitudinal community
health research for equity and accountability in primary health care in
Haiti. In: Prospective community studies in developing countries,
edited by Monica Das Gupta et al. 1997. 157-85 pp. Clarendon Press:
Oxford, England; International Union for the Scientific Study of
Population [IUSSP]: Liège, Belgium. In Eng.
The authors
present the results of two longitudinal community health research
(LCHR) studies undertaken in Haiti to assess primary health care
activities in rural areas. The two studies were undertaken in 1967 and
1972 near Deschapelles and in 1974-1978 in Petit Goave. "The two
LCHR studies reviewed here provide insights into the determinants and
consequences of high mobility and its effect on family structure in
rural Haiti. In these studies, the authors documented facts about
Haitian conjugal unions dissolving at the time of migration, and the
consequent separation of children from their biological mothers. The
risk of child displacement and some of the consequences to the child
are explored."
Correspondence: G. Berggren, World
Relief, 1028 College Avenue, Wheaton, IL 60187-5773. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:30733 Caldwell, John C.; Caldwell,
Pat. Toward an epidemiological model of AIDS in
Sub-Saharan Africa. Social Science History, Vol. 20, No. 4, Winter
1996. 559-91 pp. Durham, North Carolina. In Eng.
"The authors
analyze the existence and persistence of the heterosexual AIDS epidemic
in the main AIDS belt, extending from Uganda and Rwanda to Zimbabwe and
Botswana...." Sections are included on the peculiar nature of the
Sub-Saharan AIDS epidemic, the geographic spread of HIV/AIDS in the
region, explanations for the Sub-Saharan AIDS epidemic, and the nature
of the epidemic and its future in this region.
Correspondence:
J. C. Caldwell, Australian National University, National Centre
for Epidemiology and Population Health, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:30734 Campbell, Cameron.
Public health efforts in China before 1949 and their effects on
mortality: the case of Beijing. Social Science History, Vol. 21,
No. 2, Summer 1997. 179-218 pp. Durham, North Carolina. In Eng.
"Efforts to improve public health and sanitation began in
China well before the founding of the People's Republic in 1949.... By
means of a case study of Beijing, I investigate in this article whether
or not these diffuse efforts had the potential to substantially reduce
mortality rates in the areas where they were carried out. I evaluate
the overall effects on age-specific death rates in Beijing of a variety
of public health and sanitary measures undertaken there in the first
decades of this century. I also compare the death rates of the Qing
imperial lineage, an elite population living in Beijing during the
eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, with the rates of residents of the
First Demonstration Health Station, a district of the inner city,
between 1929 and 1933."
Correspondence: C. Campbell,
University of California, Department of Sociology, Box 951551, Room No.
264, Haines Hall, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1551. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:30735 Ford, N. J.; Siregar, K. N.
Operationalizing the new concept of sexual and reproductive health
in Indonesia. International Journal of Population Geography, Vol.
4, No. 1, Mar 1998. 11-30 pp. Chichester, England. In Eng.
"In
the 1990s the so-called `new politics of family planning' has entailed
the articulation of a comprehensive concept of sexual and reproductive
health (SRH).... A major issue at present is how governments (and
Ministries of Health in particular) translate the broad statements into
operational policies and programmes. This paper explores the ways in
which this process is taking place in Indonesia.... The policy process
in Indonesia is explored in terms of pre-existing reassessments (e.g.
of family planning in the light of fertility decline), setting key
priorities and moralistic and pragmatic policy
orientations."
Correspondence: N. J. Ford, University
of Exeter, Department of Geography, Exeter EX4 4RJ, England.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:30736 García, Rolando;
Catasús, Sonia; Alvarez, Luisa; Santana, Felipe.
Reproductive health in Cuba (investigations). [Salud
reproductiva en Cuba (investigaciones).] Feb 1997. 441, [14] pp.
Universidad de la Habana, Centro de Estudios Demográficos
[CEDEM]: Havana, Cuba. In Spa.
These two volumes present a
selection of the scientific studies that have been undertaken in Cuba
on the subject of reproductive health. The first volume contains
sections on reproductive rights, sexuality, fertility and infertility,
and maternal and child health. The second volume has sections on family
planning and contraception, abortion, AIDS, and other aspects of
maternal health.
Correspondence: Universidad de la Habana,
Centro de Estudios Demográficos, Avenida 41 Número 2003,
Playa 13, Havana, Cuba. Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
64:30737 Haavio-Mannila, Elina; Rotkirch,
Anna. Generational and gender differences in sexual life
in St. Petersburg and urban Finland. Yearbook of Population
Research in Finland, Vol. 34, 1997. 133-60 pp. Helsinki, Finland. In
Eng.
"This article is [an] empirical comparison of sexual
behavior in Eastern and Western Europe. The timing of some sexual life
events, sexual behavior patterns, and sexual satisfaction will be
compared on the basis of survey data and sexual autobiographies from
urban Finland and St. Petersburg (former Leningrad) in Russia. We were
interested in the impact of the so-called sexual revolution taking
place in public life in different decades--in Western Europe and
Finland in the 1960s [and] in Russia in the late 1980s. We assumed that
this difference would appear as country differences in `traditional'
vs. `liberated' sexual behavior, and especially in the sexual
satisfaction of women. This hypothesis proved generally to be true, but
with several important modifications."
Correspondence:
E. Haavio-Mannila, University of Helsinki, Department of
Sociology, Hameentie 68B, 00550 Helsinki, Finland. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:30738 Hayward, Mark D.; Heron,
Melonie. Racial inequality in active life among adult
Americans. Population Research Institute Working Paper, No. 98-01,
Feb 1998. 34 pp. Pennsylvania State University, Population Research
Institute: University Park, Pennsylvania. In Eng.
"Based on
the 1990 5% PUMS [Public Use Microdata Sample], we develop life table
models of healthy (or active) life for the major race-sex groups in the
United States.... Racial inequality in life cycle health is examined in
greater detail than in prior research in that active life table models
are developed for Native Americans, Asians, blacks, Hispanics and
non-Hispanic whites.... Race/ethnic comparisons by sex are done to
evaluate men's and women's life cycle differences in healthy
life."
Correspondence: Pennsylvania State University,
Department of Sociology, Population Research Institute, 601 Oswald
Tower, University Park, PA 16802. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
64:30739 Jejeebhoy, Shireen J.
Adolescent sexual and reproductive behavior: a review of the
evidence from India. Social Science and Medicine, Vol. 46, No. 10,
May 1998. 1,275-90 pp. Oxford, England. In Eng.
"This paper
documents the existing research on sexual and reproductive health
[among Indian adolescents], explores the knowledge and attitudes among
this population in India, and highlights limitations of methodologies
currently employed in research on adolescent reproductive health in
India."
Correspondence: S. J. Jejeebhoy, 16-A G.
Deshmukh Marg, Mumbai 400 026, India. Location: Princeton
University Library (PR).
64:30740 Karro, Helle.
Reproductive health in the Baltic Sea area. Yearbook of
Population Research in Finland, Vol. 34, 1997. 5-17 pp. Helsinki,
Finland. In Eng.
"This paper aims to compare the reproductive
health situation in...selected Baltic area countries--Estonia, Latvia,
Lithuania, Finland, Sweden, and in St. Petersburg. The analyses focus
on the trends and incidence of induced abortions, family planning,
contraception, and STDs.... The different reproductive health
situations...prove that the cornerstones for improved reproductive
health...are comprehensive family planning and sex education programs,
new health promotion strategies, and openness in society concerning
sexuality."
Correspondence: H. Karro, University of
Tartu, Women's Clinic, Tartu, Estonia. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
64:30741 Kost, Kathryn; Landry, David J.;
Darroch, Jacqueline E. Predicting maternal behaviors
during pregnancy: does intention status matter? Family Planning
Perspectives, Vol. 30, No. 2, Mar-Apr 1998. 79-88 pp. New York, New
York. In Eng.
"Multivariate analyses of data from the 1988
National Maternal and Infant Health Survey and the 1988 National Survey
of Family Growth were conducted to investigate whether [U.S.] women
with unplanned births differ from other women in their pregnancy
behavior, independent of their social and demographic
characteristics.... Women with intended conceptions are more likely
than similar women with unintended pregnancies to recognize early signs
of pregnancy and to seek out early prenatal care, and somewhat more
likely to quit smoking, but they are not more likely than women with
comparable social and demographic characteristics to adhere to a
recommended schedule of prenatal visits once they begin care, to reduce
alcohol intake, or to follow their clinician's advice about taking
vitamins and gaining weight."
Correspondence: K. Kost,
Alan Guttmacher Institute, 120 Wall Street, New York, NY 10005.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:30742 Loaiza, Edilberto.
Maternal nutritional status. DHS Comparative Studies, No. 24,
Dec 1997. viii, 49 pp. Macro International, Demographic and Health
Surveys [DHS]: Calverton, Maryland. In Eng.
"Nutritional
status based on the measurement of maternal height and weight is one of
the important outcome measures of the Demographic and Health Surveys
(DHS) program.... This report presents information on the nutritional
status of women [in developing countries] who have children born in the
five years preceding the survey. It also analyzes the differentials in
nutritional status levels by selected demographic, socioeconomic, and
health-related characteristics."
Correspondence: Macro
International, Demographic and Health Surveys, 11785 Beltsville Drive,
Suite 300, Calverton, MD 20705-3119. E-mail: reports@macroint.com.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:30743 Neas, Lucas M.; Schwartz,
Joel. Pulmonary function levels as predictors of mortality
in a national sample of U.S. adults. American Journal of
Epidemiology, Vol. 147, No. 11, Jun 1, 1998. 1,011-8 pp. Baltimore,
Maryland. In Eng.
"Single breath pulmonary diffusing capacity
for carbon monoxide...was examined as a predictor of all-cause
mortality among 4,333 subjects who were aged 25-74 years at baseline in
the First National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES I)
conducted from 1971 to 1975.... Pulmonary diffusing capacity below 85%
of predicted levels is a significant predictor of the all-cause
mortality rate within the general U.S. population independent of
standard spirometry measures and even in the absence of apparent
clinical respiratory disease."
Correspondence: L. M.
Neas, Harvard School of Public Health, Department of Environmental
Health, 665 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115. Location:
Princeton University Library (SZ).
64:30744 Samuelsson, Sven-Marten; Alfredson,
B. Bauer; Hagberg, B.; Samuelsson, G.; Nordbeck, B.; Brun, A.;
Gustafson, L.; Risberg, J. The Swedish centenarian study:
a multidisciplinary study of five consecutive cohorts at the age of
100. International Journal of Aging and Human Development, Vol.
45, No. 3, 1997. 223-53 pp. Amityville, New York. In Eng.
The
purpose of this paper "was to describe the population [of
centenarians in Sweden] from physical, social, and psychological points
of view; to characterize centenarians with various health conditions
and diverse degrees of autonomy and life satisfaction; and to identify
factors at 100 years that predict future survival.... The incidence of
severe diseases was low.... Results suggest that centenarians are a
special group genetically. A causal structure model emphasized body
constitution, marital status, cognition and blood pressure as
particularly important determinants for survival after 100
years."
Correspondence: S.-M. Samuelsson, Malmö
University Hospital, Department of Community Medicine, 20502
Malmö, Sweden. Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
64:30745 Scrimshaw, Nevin S.; Guzmán,
Miguel A. A comparison of supplementary feeding and
medical care of preschool children in Guatemala, 1959-1964. In:
Prospective community studies in developing countries, edited by Monica
Das Gupta et al. 1997. 133-56 pp. Clarendon Press: Oxford, England;
International Union for the Scientific Study of Population [IUSSP]:
Liège, Belgium. In Eng.
This chapter summarizes results of a
study carried out in selected villages of Guatemala between 1959 and
1964. The study was designed to test two basic assumptions: "1.
That improved nutritional status of preschool children resulting from
daily supplementation would reduce the incidence, severity, and
duration of diarrhoeal, respiratory disease and other complications of
the common communicable diseases of childhood, and improve growth and
development; [and] 2. That good medical care would reduce morbidity and
mortality from infectious disease and thereby improve preschool child
growth and development." The authors emphasize the significant
beneficial effects of nutrition supplementation on child health and
development, compared to the almost total lack of benefits to preschool
children of high-cost medical care.
Correspondence: N. S.
Scrimshaw, Harvard University, Center of Population and Development
Studies, 9 Bow Street, Cambridge, MA 02138. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:30746 Shane, Barbara; Chalkley,
Kate. From research to action: how operations research is
improving reproductive health services. Mar 1998. 40 pp.
Population Reference Bureau: Washington, D.C. In Eng.
"This
publication highlights the contributions of operations research to
improving the delivery of family planning and reproductive health
services. The booklet provides an overview of USAID-funded operations
research and presents selected research findings since the late 1980s.
The research is organized in four themes: Improving Quality of Care;
Reaching Special Populations; Integrating Reproductive Health Services;
and Increasing Sustainability.... [The publication] demonstrates how OR
is helping policymakers and program managers address the goals and
objectives agreed upon in Cairo at the International Conference on
Population and Development." The geographical focus is on
developing countries.
Correspondence: Population Reference
Bureau, 1875 Connecticut Avenue NW, Suite 520, Washington, D.C.
20009-5728. E-mail: prborders@prb.org. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
64:30747 Taylor, Carl E.; De Sweemer,
Cecile. Lessons from Narangwal about primary health care,
family planning, and nutrition. In: Prospective community studies
in developing countries, edited by Monica Das Gupta et al. 1997. 101-29
pp. Clarendon Press: Oxford, England; International Union for the
Scientific Study of Population [IUSSP]: Liège, Belgium. In Eng.
The authors describe two projects that were carried out between
1969 and 1973 in Norangwal, located in Punjab, India. "Two
parallel sets of objectives were defined: (i) to test in a controlled
experimental design, the impact of various combinations of health,
family planning, and nutrition interventions in total village
populations; and (ii) to understand how health, family planning, and
nutrition interventions can be integrated in practical packages for
national programmes." The findings concern family planning
utilization, changes in fertility, changes in attitudes and beliefs,
health services utilization, health benefits for service programs, and
services and resources required to achieve program effects. The authors
attempt to identify both the factors that contributed to the success of
the program and those that did not. The premature ending of the project
due to U.S.-Indian political conflicts is noted.
Correspondence:
C. E. Taylor, Johns Hopkins University, School of Hygiene and
Public Health, Department of International Health, 615 North Wolfe
Street, Baltimore, MD 21205. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
64:30748 Timæus, Ian M.; Lush,
Louisiana. Intra-urban differentials in child health.
Health Transition Review, Vol. 5, No. 2, Oct 1995. 163-90 pp. Canberra,
Australia. In Eng.
"This paper uses DHS data on the urban
populations of Ghana, Egypt, Brazil and Thailand to investigate the
effect of poverty and environmental conditions on diarrhoeal disease,
nutritional status and survival among children. Differentials in health
are moderate in urban Ghana, whereas in Egypt and Brazil reductions in
morbidity and, above all, mortality have accrued largely to the better
off. In Thailand, the poor fare better and inequalities in mortality
are no larger than those in morbidity. Children's health is affected by
environmental conditions as well as by their family's socioeconomic
status."
Correspondence: I. M. Timæus, London
School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Centre for Population Studies,
Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, England. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
64:30749 Tollman, Stephen M.; Kark, Sidney L.;
Kark, Emily. The Pholela Health Centre: understanding
health and disease in South Africa through community-oriented primary
care (COPC). In: Prospective community studies in developing
countries, edited by Monica Das Gupta et al. 1997. 213-32 pp. Clarendon
Press: Oxford, England; International Union for the Scientific Study of
Population [IUSSP]: Liège, Belgium. In Eng.
The authors
first describe the setting up of the Pholela Health Centre in rural
Natal, South Africa, in 1940 and the health care practices it
pioneered. "A comparative study of infant mortality among Zulu and
Hindu communities (located in five of the Institute's COPC practice
sites) is the subject of the next part of this chapter, and
demonstrates the profound role of culture and family behaviour when
differences in infant mortality rate are assessed. The final section,
addressing the transmission of syphilis among rural Africans at
Pholela, analyses the impact that socio-economic imperatives can impose
on a segment of the community."
Correspondence: S. M.
Tollman, University of the Witwatersrand, Department of Community
Health, Health Systems Development Unit, Johannesburg 2050, South
Africa. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:30750 van Ginneken, Jeroen K.; Muller, Alex
S.; Omondi-Odhiambo. Design, results, and comments on the
Machakos Project in Kenya. In: Prospective community studies in
developing countries, edited by Monica Das Gupta et al. 1997. 189-212
pp. Clarendon Press: Oxford, England; International Union for the
Scientific Study of Population [IUSSP]: Liège, Belgium. In Eng.
The authors first describe the study design and methodology of the
Machakos Project, which took place in Kenya from 1971 to 1981 and
involved a rural population of around 18,600 persons. Next, the
demographic concepts and definitions used in the project are described.
The results of the demographic studies and the maternal and child
health studies are presented separately. "The Machakos Project
produced high-quality information relevant to health care. It produced
age-specific figures on the incidence of measles, which yielded a
recommendation of the optimal age to immunize children for measles; it
studied the adequacy of two pertussis immunizations during infancy; and
it analysed the impact of a pregnant woman's nutritional status and of
the delivery care received on the outcome of pregnancy. All of these
contributions were made possible by the epidemiological and demographic
surveillance system, which provided regular follow-up for a number of
years."
Correspondence: J. K. van Ginneken,
Netherlands Interdisciplinary Demographic Institute, Postbus 11650,
2502 AR The Hague, Netherlands. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
64:30751 World Bank (Washington,
D.C.). Confronting AIDS: public priorities in a global
epidemic. World Bank Policy Research Report, ISBN 0-19-521117-0.
LC 97-17434. 1997. xxv, 353 pp. Oxford University Press: New York, New
York/Oxford, England; World Bank: Washington, D.C. In Eng.
This
book "provides information and analysis to help policymakers,
development specialists, public health experts, and others who shape
the public response to HIV/AIDS to design an effective strategy for
confronting the epidemic. It draws upon three bodies of knowledge: the
epidemiology of HIV; public health insights into disease control; and
especially public economics, which focuses on assessing tradeoffs in
the allocation of scarce public resources. The report offers persuasive
evidence that, for the 2.3 billion people living in parts of the world
where the epidemic is still nascent, an early, active government
response encouraging safer behavior among those most likely to contract
and spread the virus has the potential to avert untold suffering and
save millions of lives. Even where the virus has spread widely in the
general population, prevention among those most likely to contract and
spread it is still likely to be the most cost-effective way to reduce
infection rates."
Correspondence: Oxford University
Press, 200 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10016. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
Studies on consanguinity and isolates, inbreeding, and twinning.
64:30752 Cliquet, Robert.
Population change and genetic diversity. In:
Démographie: analyse et synthèse. Causes et
conséquences des évolutions démographiques, Volume
1. Sep 1997. 183-219 pp. Università degli Studi di Roma La
Sapienza, Dipartimento di Scienze Demografiche: Rome, Italy; Institut
National d'Etudes Démographiques [INED]: Paris, France;
Université Catholique de Louvain, Institut de
Démographie, Département des Sciences de la Population et
du Développement: Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium. In Eng.
"This chapter aims to deal with the effects demographic
mechanisms and processes may have on the genetic composition and
structure of populations.... Two major issues will be dealt with.
First, a brief overview will be given of the effects the basic
demographic variables may have on the genetic composition and structure
of populations in general. Thereupon, the effects the modern
demographic transition has or might have on the genetics of populations
will be discussed."
Correspondence: R. Cliquet,
Centrum voor Bevolkings- en Gezinsstudien, Markiesstraat 1, 1000
Brussels, Belgium. Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
64:30753 Lucchetti, Enzo; Soliani,
Lamberto. Genetics and demography. [Genetica e
demografia.] In: Démographie: analyse et synthèse. Causes
et conséquences des évolutions démographiques,
Volume 1. Sep 1997. 159-82 pp. Università degli Studi di Roma La
Sapienza, Dipartimento di Scienze Demografiche: Rome, Italy; Institut
National d'Etudes Démographiques [INED]: Paris, France;
Université Catholique de Louvain, Institut de
Démographie, Département des Sciences de la Population et
du Développement: Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium. In Ita.
This is
a general introduction to the study of population genetics. There are
sections on the structure of the genetic makeup of a population, models
of population genetics, the mechanisms of variations in genetic
structure, analysis and applications, and studies on family
names.
Correspondence: E. Lucchetti, Università
degli Studi di Parma, Dipartimento di Biologia Evolutiva e Funzionale,
Via Università 12, 43100 Parma, Italy. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:30754 Soliani, Lamberto; Lucchetti,
Enzo. Genetic factors affecting mortality. [I fattori
genetici della mortalità.] In: Démographie: analyse et
synthèse. Causes et conséquences des évolutions
démographiques, Volume 1. Sep 1997. 71-83 pp. Università
degli Studi di Roma La Sapienza, Dipartimento di Scienze Demografiche:
Rome, Italy; Institut National d'Etudes Démographiques [INED]:
Paris, France; Université Catholique de Louvain, Institut de
Démographie, Département des Sciences de la Population et
du Développement: Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium. In Ita.
This is
a general review of the impact of genetic factors on mortality. There
are sections on the methods and problems involved in the study of human
genetics, genetic illnesses, theories of biological aging and the
length of human life, sex factors in genetics, and biometric
modeling.
Correspondence: L. Soliani, Università
degli Studi di Parma, Dipartimento di Scienze Ambientali, Via
Università 12, 43100 Parma, Italy. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
