Primarily references to descriptive studies. Official tabular material will be found under S. Official Statistical Publications. Items that are primarily analytical, but that also contain information on characteristics, will be found under K. Demographic and Economic Interrelations and Natural Resources or L. Demographic and Noneconomic Interrelations, as appropriate.
Descriptive studies of populations according to various demographic characteristics, including age, sex, sex ratios, and marital status. Studies on demographic aging are also included.
64:30605 China National Committee on Aging
(Beijing, China). China population today: a special issue
on aging. China Population Today, Vol. 15, No. 1-2, Apr 1998. 40
pp. Beijing, China. In Eng.
This special issue investigates various
aspects of aging, with a focus on Asia and the Pacific. Sections are
included on China's aging program; global trends in aging; population
dynamics and aging; changing population structures; socioeconomic
implications of aging; and current issues of
aging.
Correspondence: China Population Today, 12 Dahuisi
Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, China. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:30606 Estienne,
Jean-François. Aging and retirement in Japan: an
economic and social adaptation? [Vieillissement et retraites au
Japon: une adaptation économique et sociale?] Notes et Etudes
Documentaires, No. 5031, 1996. 140 pp. Documentation Française:
Paris, France. In Fre.
This study of Japan's population aging and
retirement policies is written with a view to the lessons that might be
applied to France. In the first section, the author examines the
realities and causes of the demographic aging occurring in Japan; in
the second, he reviews the course of Japan's demographic transition
during the twentieth century. He then examines the philosophy and
realities of Japan's retirement policies. In the fourth section, he
discusses the reforms implemented by the Japanese government in 1994,
and in the fifth, Japan's active population and employment structures
are examined with an eye toward the future. The scope of the study
extends to 2025.
Correspondence: Documentation
Française, 29 quai Voltaire, 75340 Paris Cedex 07, France.
Location: New York University, Elmer Holmes Bobst Library, New
York, NY.
64:30607 Hamilton, Lawrence C.; Otterstad,
Oddmund. Sex ratio and community size: notes from the
northern Atlantic. Population and Environment, Vol. 20, No. 1, Sep
1998. 11-22 pp. New York, New York. In Eng.
"This paper
briefly examines plots of sex ratio versus community size in four
northern Atlantic regions (Maine, Newfoundland, Iceland and Norway). We
then look more closely at Norway, where the correlation between sex
ratio and community size is strongest. Multiple regression suggests
that economic factors, rather than community size as such, best explain
this pattern. Specifically, the percent female among young adults tends
to be lower in communities experiencing longterm population declines,
dominated by fishing and other primary-industry employment, and having
in consequence relatively few jobs for
women."
Correspondence: L. C. Hamilton, University of
New Hampshire, Department of Sociology, Durham, NH 02824. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:30608 Hernández Castellón,
Raúl. Demographic aging in Cuba. [El
envejecimiento de la población en Cuba.] ISBN 959-7005-04-2.
1997. 105 pp. Universidad de la Habana, Centro de Estudios
Demográficos [CEDEM]: Havana, Cuba. In Spa.
This is a
general analysis of demographic aging in Cuba. There are chapters on
trends in demographic aging; the major determinants of aging; the
spatial distribution and migration of the aged; family, household, and
housing issues; the socioeconomic characteristics of the aged; and
health issues.
Correspondence: Universidad de la Habana,
Centro de Estudios Demográficos, Avenida 41 No. 2003, Playa 13,
Havana, Cuba. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:30609 Organisation for Economic
Co-operation and Development [OECD] (Paris, France).
Ageing in OECD countries: a critical policy challenge. Social
Policy Studies, No. 20, ISBN 92-64-15318-7. 1997. 111 pp. Paris,
France. In Eng.
"This report reviews the effects of ageing on
pensions, health and long-term care, and the labour market, as well as
its broader fiscal effects and its effects on the capital market [in
OECD countries]. Three types of ageing are reviewed: individual ageing
(people are living longer); population ageing (there are more people in
older age groups as a consequence of the baby boom and baby bust); and
active ageing (there are changes in patterns of activity within age
groups--changes such as staying in school longer or retiring earlier).
It is the combined effect of these three types of ageing which is of
particular relevance to public policy. Analysis of individual ageing
and population ageing is useful in identifying the challenges that
demography poses for policy. The addition of active ageing considerably
enriches that analysis and also points to possible
solutions."
Correspondence: Organisation for Economic
Co-operation and Development, 2 rue André-Pascal, 75775 Paris
Cedex 16, France. Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
64:30610 Poston, Dudley L.; Gu, Boachang; Liu,
Peihang P.; McDaniel, Terra. Son preference and the sex
ratio at birth in China: a provincial level analysis. Social
Biology, Vol. 44, No. 1-2, Spring-Summer 1997. 55-76 pp. Port Angeles,
Washington. In Eng.
"In this paper we use data from the 1 Per
Cent Sample of the 1990 Census of China to calculate sex ratios for the
Chinese provinces that are specific not only to parity, but also to the
sex composition of previously-born children. We analyze the degree of
relationship among and between the SRB's [sex ratios at birth] and then
consider the phenomenon of son preference. We find the variation in sex
ratios at birth among the Chinese provinces is related in an important
way to variation among the provinces in the degree of son preference.
Our analysis shows abnormally high SRB's in most of the provinces of
China, especially at parities 2 and higher when the prior births were
daughters."
This is a revised version of a paper originally
presented at the 1995 Annual Meeting of the Population Association of
America.
Correspondence: D. L. Poston, Texas A & M
University, Department of Sociology, College Station, TX 77843.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:30611 Radhakrishna, Aruna; Gringle, Robert
E.; Greenslade, Forrest C. Identifying the intersection:
adolescent unwanted pregnancy, HIV/AIDS and unsafe abortion.
Issues in Abortion Care, No. 4, ISBN 1-882220-12-9. LC 97-36830. 1997.
ii, 20 pp. Ipas: Carrboro, North Carolina. In Eng.
"Improving
the reproductive health of women has been highlighted as a priority in
several global United Nations conferences.... While many countries have
begun translating this broad and commendable goal into specific
programmatic objectives, less attention has been paid to the
inter-relationship of several key reproductive health issues and how
their cumulative impact affects women's lives. This publication
explores the intersection of three critically important issues that
have a significant impact on women's reproductive health: adolescent
sexuality, HIV/AIDS, and abortion--specifically unsafe and/or coercive
abortion."
Correspondence: Ipas, 303 East Main Street,
P.O. Box 999, Carrboro, NC 27510. E-mail: ipas@ipas.org. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:30612 Rogerson, P. A.; Plane, D.
A. The dynamics of neighborhood age composition.
Environment and Planning A, Vol. 30, No. 8, Aug 1998. 1,461-72 pp.
London, England. In Eng.
"In this paper we investigate the
changing demography of [U.S.] neighborhoods. We focus upon the dynamics
of the age structure of neighborhoods, paying particular attention to
the roles of (a) the magnitude of mobility and (b) the age composition
of in-migrants and out-migrants. A model for studying the changing age
composition of neighborhoods is developed, and alternative scenarios
characterized by the nature of in-movement and out-movement are
examined to make statements about the age of householders in
neighborhoods. We find that high rates of mobility may serve to bring
about a relatively youthful equilibrium age structure quite rapidly,
whereas low rates lead to a higher mean age and to damped harmonic
fluctuations both in the mean age of householders and in the magnitude
of the age heterogeneity of the neighborhood. In addition, we compare
the evolutions of age structure in neighborhoods with age patterns of
in-movement and out-movement that could typify areas of renters and
areas of homeowners."
Correspondence: P. A. Rogerson,
State University of New York, Department of Geography, Wilkeson Hall,
Buffalo, NY 14261. E-mail: rogerson@acsu.buffalo.edu. Location:
Princeton University Library (UES).
64:30613 Rowland, D. T. The
demography of ageing and families in Australia. Australian Journal
on Ageing, Vol. 16, No. 3, Aug 1997. 99-104 pp. Melbourne, Australia.
In Eng.
"This paper discusses Australian research on the
demography of ageing and the family and identifies frontiers for
further inquiry. Beginning with the topics of demographic ageing and
demographic theory, the paper then outlines studies concerned with
population projections, living arrangements and the ethnic minority
aged. Later sections provide an overview of the changing
characteristics of cohorts reaching later life and of avenues for
further advancement of the field."
Correspondence: D.
T. Rowland, Australian National University, Department of Sociology,
Population Studies Program, G.P.O. Box 4, Canberra, ACT 0200,
Australia. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:30614 Serow, William J.; Cowart, Marie E.;
Camezon, Joan. Epidemiologic transition theory and aging:
Hispanic populations of North America and the Caribbean. Journal
of Health and Human Services Administration, Vol. 20, No. 3, Winter
1998. 333-47 pp. Middletown, Pennsylvania. In Eng.
"In this
article, the authors examine three theoretical models of
epidemiological transition and offer historical (1950-1995) and
projection (1995-2050) data for the development patterns in Cuba,
Dominican Republic, Puerto Rico, and Mexico. They contrast trends in
fertility, life expectancy ratios, and gender differences in these
countries with the Hispanic population of the United States. Central to
this study are the cause of death statistics presented to identify the
model occurring in each country."
Correspondence: W.
J. Serow, Florida State University, Center for the Study of Population,
659-C Bellamy Building, Tallahassee, FL 32306-2240. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:30615 Simoens, Peter. The
political economy of old age as a basis for research on older
employees. [De politieke economie van de ouderdom als basis voor
onderzoek omtrent oudere werknemers.] Bevolking en Gezin, No. 2, 1997.
19-48 pp. Brussels, Belgium. In Dut. with sum. in Eng.
Using a
theory of political economy, the author discusses the position of older
employees. He first reviews the literature on the topic, and then
focuses "on the way in which the problems of elderly and older
workers are formulated. As the political economy of old age is mainly
based on Anglo-Saxon experiences, we try to provide data from the Low
Countries. Finally we complement the theory with elements from...life
cycle sociology and ageism."
Correspondence: P.
Simoens, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Hoger Instituut voor de
Arbeid, 3001 Heverle, Belgium. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
64:30616 Valkovics, Emil. An
attempt at quantifying the role of demographic factors in determining
dependency ratios (I). [Az eltartási arányokat
meghatározó demográfiai tényezok
kvantifikálása (I).] Statisztikai Szemle, Vol. 74, No.
10, Oct 1996. 805-28 pp. Budapest, Hungary. In Hun.
This is the
first part of a two-part article on the role of demographic factors in
determining dependency ratios. "The contribution presents,
evaluates and compares four recently elaborated quantitative procedures
for estimating the immediate determinants of changing age structures.
Two of them are used for evaluating the immediate determinants of
changing proportions of populations of different age-groups and two of
them are used for showing the immediate determinants of changing (or
different) mean ages of populations studied....[The author uses] data
for the Hungarian male population at the beginning, at the end and in
the middle of 1990."
The second part of this article was cited
in Population Index 63:20338.
Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
64:30617 Westley, Sidney B.
Asia's next challenge: caring for the elderly. Asia-Pacific
Population and Policy, No. 45, Apr 1998. 4 pp. East-West Center,
Program on Population [POP]: Honolulu, Hawaii. In Eng.
The author
"discusses recent demographic, economic, and social trends in Asia
that will affect care for the elderly over the next few decades."
Aspects considered include aging populations, fewer people in the
workforce, less support from children, high savings rates, and the
challenge for policymakers.
Correspondence: East-West
Center, Program on Population, 1601 East-West Road, Honolulu, HI
96848-1601. E-mail: poppubs@ewc.hawaii.edu. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
Descriptive studies of menarche and menopause, longevity, and increasing the life span, as well as other biological characteristics such as sex selection. Studies that are concerned with menarche and menopause as they specifically affect fertility are coded under F.5. Factors Other Than Contraception Affecting Fertility.
64:30618 Gómez Redondo, Rosa.
Prolonged old age and diminished youth. Trends in the evolution of
life expectancy in the Spanish population, 1970-1990. [Vejez
prolongada y juventud menguada. Tendencias en la evolución de la
esperanza de vida de la población española, 1970-1990.]
Revista Española de Investigaciones Sociológicas, No.
71-72, Jul-Dec 1995. 79-108 pp. Madrid, Spain. In Spa. with sum. in
Eng.
"Within the theoretical context of the health transition,
this paper analyses the recent increase in the life-expectancy of the
Spanish population in order to ascertain which groups have made the
most progress in terms of the struggle against death--mainly the case
of the elderly and, more particularly, women. Two major conclusions are
drawn: the ageing and feminization of the population.... [The] analysis
makes it clear that the observed rise in sex differences in human
mortality transcends biological factors inasmuch as it can be linked to
inequalities in the social construction of health, life and
death."
Correspondence: R. Gómez Redondo,
Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia, Departamento de
Sociología II, C/Obispo Trejo, s/n 28040 Madrid, Spain. E-mail:
rgomezr@sr.uned.es. Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
64:30619 Hahn, Robert A.; Eberhardt,
Steven. Life expectancy in four U.S. racial/ethnic
populations: 1990. Epidemiology, Vol. 6, No. 4, Jul 1995. 350-5
pp. Baltimore, Maryland. In Eng.
"We used information on
population undercounts by race/ethnicity in the census and on
misclassification of race/ethnicity on death certificates to calculate
life expectancy for black, white, American Indian, and Asian men and
women in the United States in 1990. Correction for undercount and
misclassification had little effect on life expectancy estimates for
whites, but it substantially decreased estimates for American Indians
and Asians. Asian men had life expectancies of 82.0 years and Asian
women 85.8 years--the highest life expectancies reported for any
population in the world and beyond the limit predicted by some current
theories."
Correspondence: R. A. Hahn, Centers for
Disease Control and Prevention, Epidemiology Program Office, Mailstop
C-08, Atlanta, GA 30333. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
64:30620 Harris, Bernard. Growing
taller, living longer? Anthropometric history and the future of old
age. Ageing and Society, Vol. 17, No. 5, Sep 1997. 491-512 pp. New
York, New York/Cambridge, England. In Eng.
"In recent years,
economic and social historians have made increasing use of
anthropometric records (principally, records of human height and
weight) to investigate changes in human health and well-being. This
paper summarises some of the main findings of this research and
demonstrates the remarkable increases in human height which have
occurred during the course of the present century. The paper also
examines the relationship between changes in average height and changes
in life expectancy.... The concluding section examines the relevance of
this work to current debates on the decline of mortality, the
`compression of morbidity' and the future of social
policy."
Correspondence: B. Harris, University of
Southampton, Department of Sociology and Social Policy, Highfield,
Southampton SO17 1BJ, England. E-mail: bjh2@soton.ac.uk. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:30621 Pope, Clayne L.; Wimmer, Larry
T. Aging in the early 20th century. American Economic
Review, Vol. 88, No. 2, May 1998. 217-21 pp. Nashville, Tennessee. In
Eng.
The authors discuss changes in U.S. morbidity and mortality in
the early twentieth century, with a focus on data from the Union Army
recruit sample. "This sample consists of approximately 36,000 men
born between 1820 and 1843.... This paper examines the work of five
scholars who have been among those principally involved over the past
six years, not only in the construction of the data set, but in using
the Union Army data to examine an interesting range of problems
associated with aging."
Correspondence: C. L. Pope,
Brigham Young University, Department of Economics, Provo, UT 84602.
Location: Princeton University Library (PF).
64:30622 Rose, Michael R.; Mueller, Laurence
D. Evolution of human lifespan: past, future, and
present. American Journal of Human Biology, Vol. 10, No. 4, 1998.
409-20 pp. New York, New York. In Eng.
"Several...common
misunderstandings and a precis of present understanding of the
evolution of aging are...discussed. Then, an attempt is made to apply
the evolutionary biology of aging to the evolution of the human
lifespan, focusing on three distinct epochs: (1) the prehistoric
evolution of the human lifespan, (2) the long-term future evolution of
aging in the human species, and (3) the prospects for change in
contemporary human aging patterns."
Correspondence: M.
R. Rose, University of California, Department of Ecology and
Evolutionary Biology, Irvine, CA 92717. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
64:30623 Vaupel, James W.; Carey, James R.;
Christensen, Kaare; Johnson, Thomas E.; Yashin, Anatoli I.; Holm, Niels
V.; Iachine, Ivan A.; Kannisto, Väinö; Khazaeli, Aziz A.;
Liedo, Pablo; Longo, Valter D.; Zeng, Yi; Manton, Kenneth G.;
Curtsinger, James W. Biodemographic trajectories of
longevity. Science, Vol. 280, No. 5365, May 8, 1998. 855-60 pp.
Washington, D.C. In Eng.
"Old-age survival has increased
substantially since 1950.... Three biodemographic insights--concerning
the correlation of death rates across age, individual differences in
survival chances, and induced alterations in age patterns of fertility
and mortality--offer clues and suggest research on the failure of
complicated systems, on new demographic equations for evolutionary
theory, and on fertility-longevity
interactions."
Correspondence: J. W. Vaupel, Max
Planck Institute for Demographic Research, Doberaner Straße 114,
18057 Rostock, Germany. E-mail: jwv@demogr.mpg.de. Location:
Princeton University Library (PR).
64:30624 Vaupel, James W.
Demographic analysis of aging and longevity. American Economic
Review, Vol. 88, No. 2, May 1998. 242-7 pp. Nashville, Tennessee. In
Eng.
"The populations of most of the world's countries are
growing older.... The rapidly growing populations of the elderly are
putting unprecedented stresses on societies, because new systems of
financial support, social support, and health care have to be developed
and implemented. I will focus on a particular research thrust, namely,
demographic analyses of survival and
longevity."
Correspondence: J. W. Vaupel, Max Planck
Institute for Demographic Research, Doberaner Straße 114, 18057
Rostock, Germany. Location: Princeton University Library (PF).
Descriptive studies of income differentials, earnings, career mobility, and other economic characteristics if allocated according to demographic groups. Analytical studies are classified under K.1.1. General Economic Development and Population, and studies concerned with employment and labor force are classified under K.3. Employment and Labor Force Participation.
64:30625 Chiswick, Barry R.
Hebrew language usage: determinants and effects on earnings among
immigrants in Israel. Journal of Population Economics, Vol. 11,
No. 2, 1998. 253-71 pp. Berlin, Germany. In Eng.
"This paper
uses the 1983 Census of Israel to analyze Hebrew speaking skills and
the effects of Hebrew fluency on the earnings of adult male immigrants.
Hebrew fluency increases with a longer duration in Israel, the presence
of children in the household, marrying after immigration, living in an
area in which a smaller proportion speak one's mother tongue, a younger
age at migration, a higher level of schooling and varies by country of
birth. Earnings increase monotonically with the use of Hebrew. Speaking
English as a second language is associated with higher earnings, even
when country of origin is held constant."
Correspondence:
B. R. Chiswick, University of Illinois, Department of Economics
(M/C 144), 601 South Morgan Street, Room 2103 UH, Chicago, IL
60607-7121. E-mail: brchis@uic.edu. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
64:30626 Domanski, Henryk.
Distribution of incomes in Eastern Europe. International
Journal of Comparative Sociology, Vol. 38, No. 3-4, Dec 1997. 249-70
pp. Leiden, Netherlands. In Eng.
"The data from national
surveys carried out in six East European countries are employed to
reveal patterns of distribution of incomes. The underlying assumption
is that rules of distribution represent different stages of an exit
from the command economy as well as advancement on their way to the
market systems. Using the OLS regression models of incomes I attempt to
determine which countries are where on the scale of the systemic
transition.... In order to cast some light on the direction of this
transition, I will pay special attention to the remnants of
institutional structures, originating under communist
rule."
Correspondence: H. Domanski, Polish Academy of
Sciences, Institute of Philosophy and Sociology, Nowy Swiat 72, 00330
Warsaw, Poland. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:30627 Friedman, Samantha; Lichter, Daniel
T. Spatial inequality and poverty among American
children. Population Research and Policy Review, Vol. 17, No. 2,
Apr 1998. 91-109 pp. Dordrecht, Netherlands. In Eng.
"National-level statistics often mask extreme spatial
differentiation in child poverty. Using county-level data from the 1990
U.S. decennial census summary tape file, we show that child poverty is
distributed unevenly over geographic space. Child poverty is
concentrated in counties in Appalachia, the Mississippi Delta, and the
southern `black belt'. Child poverty rates are strongly influenced by
the local industrial composition (e.g., agriculture and manufacturing),
but the effects are largely indirect, operating primarily through
reduced employment opportunities among adult workers. High county
unemployment and underemployment rates contribute directly to
children's economic deprivation, as well as indirectly by undermining
the formation and stability of the two-parent families. Our results
highlight existing spatial differentiation and inequality in children's
economic well-being, and provide a point of departure for additional
research on the geography of child
poverty."
Correspondence: S. Friedman, Pennsylvania
State University, Department of Sociology, 211 Oswald Tower, University
Park, PA 16802-6211. E-mail: friedman@pop.psu.edu. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:30628 Lee, Ronald D.; Miller, Timothy
W. The current fiscal impact of immigrants and their
descendants: beyond the immigrant household. In: The immigration
debate: studies on the economic, demographic, and fiscal effects of
immigration, edited by James P. Smith and Barry Edmonston. 1998.
183-205 pp. National Academy Press: Washington, D.C. In Eng.
"Does immigration lead to higher taxes for state, local, and
federal taxpayers?... The possible experiments and scenarios [used to
answer the question] differ along many dimensions, but in this chapter
we focus on the demographic dimension: How is the immigrant study
population defined?... Although we believe that [a] longitudinal
formulation is most informative...cross-sectional formulations have
dominated the policy debate. Within this class, we argue that the
concurrent descendant formulation is strongly preferable to the
immigrant-only or the immigrant household formulations. In this chapter
we focus on the concurrent descendant analysis, which we report in some
detail. We also report comparative results for the other
approaches."
Correspondence: R. D. Lee, University of
California, Department of Demography, 2232 Piedmont Avenue, Berkeley,
CA 94720. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:30629 Marcoux, Alain. The
feminization of poverty: claims, facts, and data needs. Population
and Development Review, Vol. 24, No. 1, Mar 1998. 131-9, 198-201 pp.
New York, New York. In Eng. with sum. in Fre; Spa.
"It is
frequently asserted, without supporting evidence, that 70 percent of
the world's poor are female. This study notes the implausibility of
that percentage, which would imply some 500 million female poor in
excess of male numbers, almost entirely among adults. It examines
whether there are likely assumptions that could warrant the
claim."
Correspondence: A. Marcoux, UN Food and
Agriculture Organization, Population Programme Service, Via delle Terme
di Caracalla, 00100 Rome, Italy. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
64:30630 Neels, Karel; Stoop,
Reinhard. Social mobility and equal opportunities: the
case of Turkish and Moroccan minorities in Belgium. IPD Working
Paper, No. 1998-3, 1998. 20 pp. Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Interface
Demography: Brussels, Belgium. In Eng.
"The main purpose of
this article is to document educational attainment and occupational
status for the [Turkish and Moroccan] communities in Belgium.... The
analyses on educational attainment demonstrate that second generation
Turkish and Moroccan men who were raised and socialized in Belgium,
attain a higher educational level than both the early first generation
and their age-mates who arrived at older ages. When comparing the
occupational status of young Turkish, Moroccan and Belgian men in the
age bracket between 18 and 29...job opportunities...turn out to be much
less favorable for Turkish and Moroccan men than they are for the
Belgian population."
This paper was originally presented at the
1998 Annual Meeting of the Population Association of
America.
Correspondence: Vrije Universiteit Brussel,
Interface Demography, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium. E-mail:
esvbalck@vub.ac.be. Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
64:30631 Parkkinen, Pekka. Real
income and population prospects in the Baltic Sea area. Yearbook
of Population Research in Finland, Vol. 34, 1997. 127-32 pp. Helsinki,
Finland. In Eng.
"The nine nations bordering on the Baltic Sea
differ greatly in regard to both their population and their economic
situation. Russia has one hundred times the population of Estonia and
in Denmark the real income per capita is six times that of Latvia. When
measured by real income per inhabitant, the poor Baltic countries are
about half a century behind their rich neighbors, so that there is
marked economic pressure to emigrate to these rich neighboring
countries. In these poor transition economies the birth rate has
plummeted during the last few years and the difference in life
expectancy compared to the rich neighboring countries has increased.
Even in a situation of rapid economic growth, it is not at all certain
that the fertility rate will return to its earlier
level."
Correspondence: P. Parkkinen, Government
Institute for Economic Research, Helsinki, Finland. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:30632 Pearson, Ruth.
Renegotiating the reproductive bargain: gender analysis of economic
transition in Cuba in the 1990s. Development and Change, Vol. 28,
No. 4, Oct 1997. 671-705 pp. Oxford, England. In Eng.
"This
article argues that Cuba's economic demise following the collapse of
the former Soviet Union should be seen as a crisis in reproduction as
well as a crisis in consumption and production. Using qualitative field
research carried out in 1994 and 1995 in Havana and in the province of
Matanzas, the author shows that the commodities and services required
for reproduction could no longer be guaranteed through the distribution
system of the Cuban state. Consequently, people began to devise a range
of survival strategies in order to ensure the reproduction of their
households, including trading in unofficial markets, leaving formal
employment and engaging in a portfolio of income-generating activities
in the informal sector. Such strategies were patterned by the existing
sexual division of labour and show a reinforcement of traditional
gender roles. The article argues that these changes will have important
political as well as economic consequences for Cuba's
future."
Correspondence: R. Pearson, Institute of
Social Studies, P.O. Box 29776, 2502 LT The Hague, Netherlands.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:30633 Trefler, Daniel.
Immigrants and natives in general equilibrium trade models.
In: The immigration debate: studies on the economic, demographic, and
fiscal effects of immigration, edited by James P. Smith and Barry
Edmonston. 1998. 206-38 pp. National Academy Press: Washington, D.C. In
Eng.
"This chapter is divided into two parts. The first two
sections outline the incentives to migrate [to the United States] and
the impact of immigration on native welfare and income distribution....
In the third section I offer new empirical results about trends in
earnings convergence across 75 countries and hence about the supply of
immigrants to the United States. In the final section I present a new
factor content study whose results significantly differ from those of
previous research and point to a large negative impact of changing
trade flows on America's least skilled workers. I then offer some
caveats about how the lack of a well-defined policy experiment
underlying the existing trade-and-wages empirical work has often led to
the misinterpretation of that work."
Correspondence:
D. Trefler, University of Toronto, Institute for Policy Analysis,
100 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M52 1A1, Canada. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:30634 White, Steve; Murdock, Steve
H. The importance of demographic analyses in state- and
local-level policy evaluations: a case study analysis of property taxes
in Texas, USA. Population Research and Policy Review, Vol. 17, No.
2, Apr 1998. 167-96 pp. Dordrecht, Netherlands. In Eng.
"This
article uses standard demographic projection, standardization and rate
decomposition techniques to examine the implications of changing
population composition for the property tax revenue base of Texas. The
authors find that if current socioeconomic differentials persist into
the future, projected compositional changes in the household population
of Texas will significantly impact property tax revenues.... The
results indicate that the continuing focus of state and local
policy-makers on changes in population size alone may be ill-advised
and demonstrate the increasing importance of local- and state-level
demographic analysis in a period of increasing Federal devolution of
service provision."
Correspondence: S. H. Murdock,
Texas A&M University, Department of Rural Sociology, College
Station, TX 77843-2125. E-mail: smurdock@rsocsun.tamu.edu.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
Descriptive studies of populations according to literacy and educational attainment, cultural background, religious affiliation, residential characteristics and segregation, and the like. Studies on social mobility are also coded under this heading.
64:30635 Avlund, Kirsten; Damsgaard, Mogens
T.; Holstein, Bjørn E. Social relations and
mortality. An eleven year follow-up study of 70-year-old men and women
in Denmark. Social Science and Medicine, Vol. 47, No. 5, Sep 1998.
635-43 pp. Oxford, England. In Eng.
The purpose of this study was
"to identify which aspects of social relations among 70-year-old
men and women are predictive of mortality 11 years later.... The
baseline study in 1984 included 734 70-year-old men and women in
Glostrup (county of Copenhagen). The variables comprised the structure
and the function of the social network, education, income and
functional ability. Eleven years later, in November 1995, information
about deaths was obtained from the Central National Register.... The
study showed an independent association between social relations and
mortality. Men who did not help others with repairs and who lived alone
and women with no social support to other tasks had increased risk of
dying during the follow-up period."
Correspondence: K.
Avlund, University of Copenhagen, Institute of Public Health,
Department of Social Medicine and Psychosocial Health, Copenhagen,
Denmark. Location: Princeton University Library (PR).
64:30636 Caldwell, John C.; Caldwell, Pat;
Caldwell, Bruce K.; Pieris, Indrani. The construction of
adolescence in a changing world: implications for sexuality,
reproduction, and marriage. Studies in Family Planning, Vol. 29,
No. 2, Jun 1998. 137-53 pp. New York, New York. In Eng.
"This
article aims to show how the period now known as adolescence came into
being and how it was shaped by international economic, institutional,
and social influences. It considers premodern societies and argues that
traditional culture has shaped contemporary adolescence even more than
has global society. Explanations are offered for the enormous
differences across the world in adolescent sexuality, reproduction, and
marriage. The data are drawn mainly from research programs in Nigeria,
Sri Lanka, India, and Bangladesh, and comparisons are made with other
countries."
Correspondence: J. C. Caldwell, Australian
National University, Health Transition Centre, Canberra, ACT 0200,
Australia. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:30637 Davies Withers, Suzanne.
Demographic polarization of housing affordability in six major
United States metropolitan areas. Urban Geography, Vol. 18, No. 4,
May-Jun 1997. 296-323 pp. Palm Beach, Florida. In Eng.
"I
conduct an empirical analysis of housing affordability for six
metropolitan areas within the United States to explore the differential
experience of households on the basis of income level, household type,
minority group, and housing-tenure status. Using the Comprehensive
Housing Affordability Strategy (CHAS) Database...I consider six cities
that have experienced considerable gains in immigration and interstate
migration during the 1980s.... Specifically, the research addresses the
following questions: (1) What are the demographic variants of America's
housing-cost burden across metropolitan areas? (2) Is the
housing-affordability issue simply a derivative of a more general issue
of poverty in metropolitan areas? (3) Is housing affordability
contributing to an increased polarization of housing status in
metropolitan areas?"
Correspondence: S. Davies
Withers, University of Washington, Department of Geography, P.O. Box
353550, Seattle, WA 98195. E-mail: swithers@u.washington.edu.
Location: Princeton University Library (PR).
64:30638 Fang, Jing; Madhavan, Shantha;
Bosworth, William; Alderman, Michael H. Residential
segregation and mortality in New York City. Social Science and
Medicine, Vol. 47, No. 4, Aug 1998. 469-76 pp. Exeter, England. In Eng.
"The objective of this research was to determine the effect of
residential racial segregation on all-cause and cardiovascular disease
mortality in New York City. A cross-sectional study of residents in New
York City was conducted linking mortality records from 1988 through
1994 to the 1990 United States Census data stratified by zip code.
All-cause and cardiovascular disease mortality rates for non-Hispanic
blacks and whites were estimated by zipcode. Zipcodes were aggregated
according to the degree of residential segregation...and mortality
rates were compared.... In New York City, although overall mortality
rates of blacks exceed whites, these rates varied substantially by
locality according to the pattern of racial segregation. Whites living
in the higher (mainly white) socioeconomic areas had lower mortality
rates than whites living in predominantly black areas.... This was true
for all age groups.... Racial segregation in residence is independently
associated with mortality. Within racially segregated areas, members of
the dominant group, for all ages, among whites and elderly blacks,
enjoy outcomes superior both to members of the minority racial group of
their community, and to members of the same race residing in other
areas, where they are in the minority, independent of socio-economic
status."
Correspondence: J. Fang, Albert Einstein
College of Medicine, Department of Epidemiology and Social Medicine,
1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY 10461. Location: Princeton
University Library (PR).
64:30639 Iredale, Robyn. The
impact of immigration policies on school education in New South
Wales. Australian Journal of Social Issues, Vol. 32, No. 3, Aug
1997. 239-55 pp. Darlinghurst, Australia. In Eng.
"Australia's
immigration policies have had a dramatic effect on school populations,
especially in the state of New South Wales which receives about 40 per
cent of the intake. This paper is based on a study that was carried out
for the Bureau of Immigration, Multicultural and Population Research
and the NSW Ministry of Education. The study revealed that many
non-English speaking background pupils miss out on English as a second
language..., community languages are allowed to lapse and aspects of
the school environment, such as relations between different groups, are
not given the attention that they deserve."
Correspondence:
R. Iredale, University of Wollongong, Department of Geosciences,
Northfields Avenue, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia. E-mail:
CRP@uow.edu.au. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:30640 Juby, Heather; Le Bourdais,
Céline. The changing context of fatherhood in
Canada: a life course analysis. Population Studies, Vol. 52, No.
2, Jul 1998. 163-75 pp. London, England. In Eng.
"Current
sociological research acknowledges the growing complexity of fatherhood
and the widening divide observed between men's conjugal and parental
careers. Little is known, however, of the importance of these changes
in the population at large. What proportion of men, for example,
continue to experience fatherhood within a single, durable
relationship? How many have to reassess their role at its collapse? To
what extent do men have to juggle different paternal roles
simultaneously or live through a series of episodes as a father, and
how is this diversity of experience evolving from one generation to
another? In this paper we attempt to answer some of these questions,
using multiple-decrement life table techniques to analyse retrospective
data concerning the conjugal and parental histories of Canadian men.
Our analysis reveals the extent and speed of the paternal life course
transformation, and suggests that this will continue at least in the
mid-term."
Correspondence: H. Juby, Université
de Montréal, Département de Démographie, C.P.
6128, Succursale Centre-ville, Montreal, Quebec H3C 3J7, Canada.
E-mail: jubyh@ere.umontreal.ca. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
64:30641 Wils, Annababette; Goujon,
Anne. Diffusion of education in six world regions,
1960-90. Population and Development Review, Vol. 24, No. 2, Jun
1998. 357-68, 424, 426 pp. New York, New York. In Eng. with sum. in
Fre; Spa.
"This note analyzes trends in school enrollment and
adult education achievement for six world regions, 1960-90. There has
been an enormous global increase in both measures of education. Gaps
between male and female enrollment remain, and the gap is larger at
lower levels of education. As enrollment rates increase and the average
level of adult education rises, the gender gap narrows
considerably."
Correspondence: A. Wils, Massachusetts
Institute of Technology, Center for International Studies, Cambridge,
MA 02139. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
Descriptive studies of populations on the basis of race, ethnic group, language, and national origin.
64:30642 Allensworth, Elaine M.;
Rochín, Refugio I. Ethnic transformation in rural
California: looking beyond the immigrant farmworker. Rural
Sociology, Vol. 63, No. 1, Mar 1998. 26-50 pp. Bellingham, Washington.
In Eng.
"Communities in rural California are becoming
increasingly Latino. Using a quantitative database of 288 rural
communities, together with qualitative data collected in the San
Joaquin Valley, we examine the processes through which this ethnic
transformation is occurring. Most studies have focused on Latino
immigration as the cause of changing ethnic composition. We find that
non-Latino population growth, as well as Latino population growth,
accounts for the relative differences in changing community ethnicity.
Most important for explaining migration among Latinos are housing costs
and year-round job availability. Among white non-Latinos, ethnic
conflict and perceptions of community deterioration better explain
migration decisions. As a result of these changes, places in rural
California are becoming increasingly economically and ethnically
differentiated."
Correspondence: E. M. Allensworth,
Michigan State University, Julian Samora Research Institute, East
Lansing, MI 48824-1111. Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
64:30643 Berquó, Elza. The
demography of inequality: considerations on black people in
Brazil. Brazilian Journal of Population Studies, 1997-1998. 165-77
pp. São Paulo, Brazil. In Eng.
The author examines the
demographic characteristics of the self-declared black population in
Brazil. "A...general conclusion is that there are three
demographic profiles: that of Whites, of Blacks, and of mixed blood....
The analysis has shown that [blacks and mixed bloods] are subjected to
changes in mortality, marriage, and fertility, though at differing
times. Mixed bloods are increasingly coming closer to whites, certainly
as a result of the different rhythms of social, economic and cultural
changes."
Correspondence: E. Berquó,
Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Nucleo de Estudos de
População, Caixa Postal 6166, CEP 13081 Campinas, SP,
Brazil. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:30644 Bhopal, Raj; Donaldson,
Liam. White, European, Western, Caucasian, or what?
Inappropriate labeling in research on race, ethnicity, and health.
American Journal of Public Health, Vol. 88, No. 9, Sep 1998. 1,303-7
pp. Washington, D.C. In Eng.
The appropriateness of some of the
terms used in research on race, ethnicity, and health is questioned,
with the focus on the concept of the term "white". The
authors argue that this term and others such as Caucasian, European,
and Western are rarely defined, and are not suitable for use in
epidemiological studies on the health of minority ethnic and racial
groups in Europe and the United States, since such populations are
heterogeneous, the labels are nonspecific, and the comparisons
misleading. They suggest that concepts such as the
"reference", "control", or "comparison"
population should be used instead. The need for discussion among the
international research community concerning the definition of such
terms is suggested.
Correspondence: R. Bhopal, University
of Newcastle upon Tyne, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health,
Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, England. E-mail:
r.s.bhopal@ncl.ac.uk. Location: Princeton University Library
(SZ).
64:30645 Castonguay, Charles.
Language assimilation trends in Montreal's West Island and the
western part of the Outaouais region between 1971 and 1991.
[Tendances de l'assimilation linguistique dans l'ouest de l'île
de Montréal et l'ouest de l'Outaouais de 1971 à 1991.]
Cahiers Québécois de Démographie, Vol. 26, No. 2,
Autumn 1997. 307-22; 341 pp. Montreal, Canada. In Fre. with sum. in
Eng.
"Changes in the census questionnaire since 1971 and high
differential out-migration according to language characteristics have
undermined the comparability of successive census data on language
shift between English and French in the greater part of Quebec
[Canada]. In the two regions least sensitive to these factors,
notwithstanding language policies in support of French, the dynamics of
language shift between English and French in 1991 seem to work to the
benefit of English at least as strongly as in
1971."
Correspondence: C. Castonguay,
Université d'Ottawa, Département de Mathématiques,
C.P. 450, Succ. A, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:30646 Fong, Eric. Residential
proximity with the Charter groups in Canada. Canadian Studies in
Population, Vol. 24, No. 2, 1997. 103-23 pp. Edmonton, Canada. In Eng.
with sum. in Fre.
"This paper examines the patterns of
residential proximity between the Charter groups and various
racial/ethnic groups in Canada. This research analyzes special 1986
census data requested from Statistics Canada.... While little variation
in the levels of residential proximity was found between the Charter
groups and racial/ethnic groups in Canada, substantial variation was
found across cities and regions. This study demonstrates the
applicability of the social capital hypothesis in conjunction with
urban structural factors in explaining the residential proximity among
racial/ethnic groups in Canada."
Correspondence: E.
Fong, University of Toronto, Department of Sociology, 203 College
Street, Toronto, Ontario M5T 1P9, Canada. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
64:30647 Guibernau, Montserrat; Rex,
John. The ethnicity reader: nationalism, multiculturalism
and migration. ISBN 0-7456-1922-3. LC 97-23201. 1997. x, 336 pp.
Polity Press: Cambridge, England. In Eng.
This book, intended for
students of sociology, politics, international relations, and race
relations, presents a selection of readings on various aspects of
ethnicity. "Drawing on a wide range of examples, the selections
included examine theories of nationalism and consider issues of ethnic
integration and conflict in the USA, Canada, Quebec, Scotland, Northern
Ireland and Catalonia among other countries and regions." Part 1
includes essays on the relation between ethnicity and the concepts of
the nation-state. In Part 2, the essays deal with transnational migrant
communities and the constitutions of multicultural societies. There is
a section entitled Migration theory, ethnic mobilization and
globalization, which has three essays: The causes of migration, by
Douglas S. Massey et al.; The nature of ethnicity in the project of
migration, by John Rex; and Diasporas, by James
Clifford.
Correspondence: Polity Press, 65 Bridge Street,
Cambridge CB2 1UR, England. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
64:30648 Hama, Aldric.
Demographic change and social breakdown in U.S. cities.
Mankind Quarterly, Vol. 38, No. 3, Spring 1998. 299-309 pp. Washington,
D.C. In Eng.
"The popular assumption that urban crime
increases as the proportion of minority (black) residents increases has
been condemned as `racist'. To ascertain the accuracy of this
assumption, correlations of the racial composition (percent black or
white of the total city population) of seventy-seven United States
cities with crime and various other socioeconomic indexes were
calculated.... Results indicate that higher rates of crime, poverty,
unemployment and welfare, and lower rates of education are positively
correlated with the percentage of black residents in the population. In
contrast a negative correlation was observed between whites and
indicators of social breakdown."
Correspondence: A.
Hama, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:30649 Harmsen, C. N. Chinese
in the Netherlands, January 1, 1997. [Chinezen in Nederland, 1
januari 1997.] Maandstatistiek van de Bevolking, Vol. 46, No. 3, May
1998. 8-11 pp. Voorburg, Netherlands. In Dut. with sum. in Eng.
"Since 1995 Statistics Netherlands identifies persons with a
foreign background in two ways. The method used here identifies a
person as foreign if he or she is born abroad or if one of his parents
is born abroad. According to [this] method a person is foreign if he or
she and at least one parent is born abroad, or, if this person is born
in the Netherlands, both parents are born abroad. Applying [this]
method, the estimated number of Chinese living in the Netherlands on 1
January 1997 is 55 thousand."
Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
64:30650 Houle, René.
Factors influencing changes in the knowledge of Catalan in Spanish
Catalonia. [Les facteurs d'évolution de la connaissance du
catalan en Catalogne espagnole.] Cahiers Québécois de
Démographie, Vol. 26, No. 2, Autumn 1997. 277-305; 341 pp.
Montreal, Canada. In Fre. with sum. in Eng.
"This paper
investigates changes in the knowledge of Catalan in Catalonia [Spain].
The author uses data from the four most recent censuses to monitor the
evolution of this phenomenon from 1975 to 1991. After a brief look at
the social, political and legal context of the Catalonian language in
Catalonia, the paper considers the type of data used and overall
changes in the population's knowledge of the language.... The paper
first discusses the role of primary and secondary education, and then
turns to the question of the linguistic integration of
immigrants...."
Correspondence: R. Houle,
Université Autonome de Barcelone, Centre d'Estudis
Demogràfics, 08193 Cerdanyola del Valles, Barcelona, Spain.
E-mail: rhoule@cedserver.uab.es. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
64:30651 Lee, Sharon M. Asian
Americans: diverse and growing. Population Bulletin, Vol. 53, No.
2, Jun 1998. 40 pp. Population Reference Bureau: Washington, D.C. In
Eng.
The author "examines three major issues created by the
rapid growth and diversification of the Asian American population: the
social status and position of Asians in the United States; Asian
Americans' search for an identity amidst increasing ethnic and
socioeconomic diversity; and the demographic impact of Asian Americans
on the U.S. population.... [She examines] the growth and demographic
characteristics of Asian Americans, including their geographic
concentration, age structure, fertility rates, household
characteristics, and socioeconomic indicators such as education,
employment, and income."
Correspondence: Population
Reference Bureau, 1875 Connecticut Avenue NW, Suite 520, Washington,
D.C. 20009-5728. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:30652 Lee, Yean-Ju; Aytac, Isik A.
Intergenerational financial support among whites, African
Americans, and Latinos. Journal of Marriage and the Family, Vol.
60, No. 2, May 1998. 426-41 pp. Minneapolis, Minnesota. In Eng.
"This study explores racial and ethnic differences in kin
support and focuses on financial support that [U.S.] adult children
receive from their parents. We decompose the observed group differences
in the incidence of adult children's receiving assistance into those
explained by behavioral patterns and those explained by resources.
Contrary to earlier observations that financial support among poor,
minority families is mostly to ease short-term crises, our results
suggest that minority parents may be more concerned than White parents
with the long-term effects of financial support for their children.
When providing financial support, African American and Latino parents,
more than White parents, favor adult children who acquire greater human
capital resources (education and income)."
This is a revised
version of a paper originally presented at the 1993 Annual Meeting of
the Population Association of America.
Correspondence:
Y.-J. Lee, University of Hawaii, Department of Sociology, 2424
Maile Way, Honolulu, HI 96822. E-mail: yjlee@hawaii.edu. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:30653 Roloff, Juliane. The
foreign and German populations in the Federal Republic of Germany--a
comparison of population statistics. [Die ausländische und
deutsche Bevölkerung in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland--ein
bevölkerungsstatistischer Vergleich.] Zeitschrift für
Bevölkerungswissenschaft, Vol. 22, No. 1, 1997. 73-98 pp.
Wiesbaden, Germany. In Ger. with sum. in Eng; Fre.
"The
discussion of the demographic ageing of the population in Germany
rarely takes into account the fact that not all population groups are
affected by the ageing process to the same degree. This study attempts
to illustrate existing differences through a comparison of demographic
developments and processes within the German and foreign population in
the Federal Republic. The findings show that a more favourable
development in fertility and a lower mortality rate among foreigners
living in Germany result in a slower ageing process for this segment of
the population in comparison to the German
population."
Correspondence: J. Roloff, Bundesinstitut
für Bevölkerungsforschung, 65180 Wiesbaden, Germany.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:30654 Shinagawa, Larry H.; Jang,
Michael. Atlas of American diversity. ISBN
0-7619-9127-1. LC 97-4827. 1998. 166 pp. AltaMira Press: Walnut Creek,
California. In Eng.
This atlas describes the racial and ethnic
diversity of the contemporary United States using over 200 maps and
charts. "It examines...residential patterns in the United
States,...family patterns, occupations, age distribution, income,
immigration history, and housing preferences, among other topics. A
final chapter compares [racial and ethnic] groups on many of these
topics, highlighting the variability of the American experience for
members of different ethnic groups."
Correspondence:
AltaMira Press, 1630 North Main Street, Suite 367, Walnut Creek,
CA 94596. E-mail: explore@altamira.sagepub.com. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
