Studies concerned with the relations between population factors as a whole and noneconomic factors. Relations affecting a single demographic variable are coded under the variable concerned and not in this division. Studies concerned equally with economic and social factors are coded under K.1.1. General Economic Development and Population.
Studies on interrelations with education, religion, social change, and socioeconomic status.
64:20660 Baccaïni, Brigitte; Gani,
Léon. Competition or solidarity between
"young" and "old": attitudes among French high
school students. [Concurrence ou solidarité entre
"jeunes" et "vieux": les attitudes des
lycéens en France.] Population, Vol. 52, No. 5, Sep-Oct 1997.
1,083-118 pp. Paris, France. In Fre. with sum. in Eng; Spa.
"The results of a survey conducted in 1996 on final-year
lycée pupils [in France] (mainstream and technological
curricula), are used in this article to analyze the opinions of the
pupils concerning intergenerational relations and the place of old
people in economic and social life. The findings confirm that a
majority of pupils are apprehensive about the competition that old
people represent in the labour market.... Opinions among lycée
pupils about the role of families in caring for old people are more
ambivalent.... These attitudes towards old people...seem to be linked
to the degree to which the pupils are informed about population
questions...."
Correspondence: B. Baccaïni,
Institut National d'Etudes Démographiques, 133 boulevard Davout,
75020 Paris, France. E-mail: baccaini@ined.fr. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:20661 Baldacci, Emanuele; Lugaresi,
Sergio. Social expenditure and demographic evolution: a
dynamic approach. Genus, Vol. 53, No. 1-2, Jan-Jun 1997. 61-78 pp.
Rome, Italy. In Eng. with sum. in Ita; Fre.
"This paper
provides an analysis of the impact of the population ageing on social
expenditure.... A dynamic macrosimulation model...is applied to assess
the impact of the ageing of the population on the Italian social
security, health care and education systems. The main conclusions are
that around 2030 social expenditure will reach a peak despite the 1995
reform of the pension system. A further cut in pension expenditure is
therefore needed to [offset] the increase in the share of the retired
as a proportion of the active population."
Correspondence:
E. Baldacci, Italian Statistical Office, General Government
Division, Via Tuscolana 1782, 00173, Rome, Italy. E-mail:
e.baldacci@agora.stm.it. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
64:20662 Bertram, Hans; Hradil, Stefan;
Kleinhenz, Gerhard. Social and demographic change in the
new German states. [Sozialer und demographischer Wandel in den
neuen Bundesländern.] Transformationsprozesse, 2nd ed. Vol. 6,
ISBN 3-8100-1529-6. 1997. 390 pp. Leske und Budrich: Opladen, Germany.
In Ger.
This volume is part of a series published by a
government-sponsored commission that supports research on social and
political change in post-unification Germany. The papers, by various
authors, are divided into three sections. The first, on internal
migration, has one contribution on migration from East to West Germany
and another on migration from the West to the Berlin-Brandenburg area.
The second section contains papers on social inequalities in East
Germany, including several on women and one on Polish labor migrants.
The third section deals with "problematic social groups" and
focuses on the elderly population.
Correspondence: Leske
und Budrich, Gerhart-Hauptmann-Straße 27, 51379 Leverkusen,
Germany. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:20663 de Jong Gierveld, Jenny; Dykstra,
Pearl A. The long-term consequences of divorce for
fathers. In: International Population Conference/Congrès
International de la Population: Beijing, 1997, Volume 2. 1997. 849-66
pp. International Union for the Scientific Study of Population [IUSSP]:
Liège, Belgium. In Eng.
The consequences of divorce for
older adults are analyzed using data from the Dutch NESTOR Living
Arrangements and Social Networks Survey, which included 4,494 men and
women born in the period 1903-1937. The study examines the following
three issues: whether elderly divorced men look to their adult children
for support as much as their married and widowed counterparts do;
whether those who rely less on support from their families are more
likely to rely on support from public facilities for the aged; and the
extent to which differences in economic and social resources help to
explain the use of formal or informal support systems for the
elderly.
Correspondence: J. de Jong Gierveld, Netherlands
Interdisciplinary Demographic Institute, Postbus 11650, 2502 AR The
Hague, Netherlands. E-mail: gierveld@nidi.nl. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:20664 Fialová, Ludmila; Kucera,
Milan. The main features of population development in the
Czech Republic during the transformation of society. Czech
Sociological Review, Vol. 5, No. 1, Spring 1997. 93-111 pp. Prague,
Czech Republic. In Eng.
"The behaviour of the population of
the Czech Republic has been changing since 1991. The changes have
resulted in a considerable decrease in marriages and births, and a
slight fall in mortality rates. The decline in the number of newly-weds
and new-born children can be attributed to significant structural
changes in society connected with the transformation of the
reproductive model established in the post war era. The changes have
been initiated most notably by the younger
generation...."
Correspondence: L. Fialová,
Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Institute of Sociology,
Jilská 1, 110 00 Prague 1, Czech Republic. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:20665 Foot, David K.; Stoffman,
Daniel. Boom, bust and echo: how to profit from the coming
demographic shift. ISBN 0-921912-97-8. 1996. ix, 245 pp.
Macfarlane Walter and Ross: Toronto, Canada. In Eng.
This book,
written for the lay reader, analyzes the impact of demographic trends
in Canada on various aspects of society up to about the year 2015.
There are chapters on real estate, the economy and investing, the labor
force, trends in consumption and leisure, the future of cities and
suburban areas, education, health care, family structures, demographic
aging, and how demographic methods can be used to forecast various
developments.
Correspondence: Macfarlane Walter and Ross,
37A Hazelton Avenue, Toronto, Ontario M5R 2E3, Canada. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:20666 Mohanty, S. P.; Momin, A. R.
Census as social document. LC 96-906061. 1996. 245 pp. Rawat
Publications: Jaipur, India. In Eng.
This is a selection of papers
presented at a seminar held in Bombay, India, in March 1993 on the
social aspects of the data collected in the census of India. "The
papers presented at the seminar dwelt on a vast spectrum of census data
such as an assessment of economic data relating to working population,
a critical appraisal of census data for urban India, an analysis of
occupational diversification and urbanization, migration induced by
poverty to urban centres in the country, ageing populations and their
economic activities, significance of census data in the context of
contemporary Indian society, an assessment of demographic situation of
tribal population, and so on."
Correspondence: Rawat
Publications, 3-Na-20 Jawahar Nagar, Jaipur 302 004, India.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:20667 Rimashevskaya, N. M. The
social consequences of economic changes in Russia. [Sotsial'nye
posledstviya ekonomicheskikh transformatsii v Rossii.]
Sotsiologicheskie Issledovaniya, No. 6, 1997. 55-65 pp. Moscow, Russia.
In Rus.
The author examines the social consequences of the economic
changes that are occurring in Russia with the switch from a planned
economy to a market economy. These include the growth of a low-income
population and increases in unemployment and poverty. The demographic
impact of these changes is also considered, with particular reference
to their effects on fertility and mortality.
Location:
Princeton University Library (PR).
Studies on the political aspects of population growth, including the demographic impact of war.
64:20668 Antonova, O.; Brui, B.; Gorbunova,
T.; Nikitina, S. The demographic situation in the Russian
Federation during the structural transition associated with perestroika
and the subsequent economic stabilization. [O demograficheskoi
situatsii v Rossiiskoi Federatsii na period strukturnoi perestroiki i
stabilizatsii ekonomiki.] Voprosy Statistiki, No. 12, 1997. 53-6 pp.
Moscow, Russia. In Rus.
The authors describe the demographic
situation in the Russian Federation in the period of perestroika and in
the subsequent period of economic and social turmoil associated with
the collapse of the Soviet Union. Topics covered include changes in
population growth and decline, life expectancy, morbidity, health
status, the health system, and age distribution.
Correspondence:
O. Antonova, Goskomstat Rossii, Izmailovskoe Shosse 44, 105679
Moscow, Russia. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:20669 Courbage, Youssef.
Demography and elections in Northern Ireland.
[Démographie et élections en Irlande du Nord.]
Population, Vol. 52, No. 5, Sep-Oct 1997. 1,219-23 pp. Paris, France.
In Fre.
An analysis of the results of the 1997 election in Northern
Ireland is presented, and the author examines changes over time in the
Unionist, Nationalist, and non-confessional vote. He also discusses the
extent to which the decline in the Unionist and non-confessional vote
and the increase in the Nationalist vote over time are linked to
demographic trends.
Correspondence: Y. Courbage, Institut
National d'Etudes Démographiques, 133 boulevard Davout, 75020
Paris, France. E-mail: courbage@ined.fr. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
Studies on nutrition and health, including psychological aspects and sex behavior. Studies that are concerned with the impact of these factors on fertility are coded under F.5. Factors Other Than Contraception Affecting Fertility.
64:20670 Becker, Stan.
Incorporating women's empowerment in studies of reproductive
health: an example from Zimbabwe. Hopkins Population Center Papers
on Population, No. 97-10, Nov 1997. [18] pp. Johns Hopkins University,
School of Hygiene and Public Health, Johns Hopkins Population Center:
Baltimore, Maryland. In Eng.
The author examines the possibility of
considering women's status in studies of reproductive health, using DHS
survey data for Zimbabwe. The association between women's empowerment
(as measured by household decision making) and both contraceptive use
and prenatal care is investigated.
Correspondence: S.
Becker, Johns Hopkins University, School of Hygiene and Public Health,
Department of Population Dynamics, 615 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore,
MD 21205. E-mail: sbecker@jhsph.edu. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
64:20671 Becker, Stan; Nathanson,
Connie. Inequality in sexual behavior and reproductive
health outcomes: number of sexual partners and contraceptive use in
Tanzania. Hopkins Population Center Papers on Population, No.
97-08, Oct 1997. 16, [2] pp. Johns Hopkins University, School of
Hygiene and Public Health, Johns Hopkins Population Center: Baltimore,
Maryland. In Eng.
"We hypothesize that in most cases the link
between sexual behavior and reproductive health outcomes is that they
are jointly determined. Nevertheless, in addition we will examine a
possible causal link between one specific (summary) sexual behavior and
one reproductive health behavior. We will also only explore one of many
possible associations between inequality in sexual behavior and
demographic outcomes--the number of sexual partners and use and choice
of a contraceptive method [in Tanzania]."
Correspondence:
S. Becker, Johns Hopkins University, School of Hygiene and Public
Health, Department of Population Dynamics, 615 North Wolfe Street,
Baltimore, MD 21205. E-mail: sbecker@jhsph.edu. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:20672 Bernard, Anne; Bussière, Yves;
Thouez, Jean-Pierre. Aging and disability in Quebec:
regional projections 1991-2006. [Vieillissement et
incapacités au Québec: perspectives régionales
1991-2006.] Cahiers Québécois de Démographie, Vol.
26, No. 1, 1997. 91-107 pp. Montreal, Canada. In Fre. with sum. in Eng;
Spa.
"The rapid aging of Quebec's population in the next few
decades will entail significant regional disparities. Based on regional
demographic projections by the Bureau de la Statistique du
Québec (BSQ) for the years 1991-2006 and data from Statistics
Canada's Health and Activity Limitation Survey (HALS), we analyze
changes in clienteles with mobility impairments. This analysis shows
not only the extent of regional disparities but also their impact on
the evolution of disabilities that restrict
mobility."
Correspondence: A. Bernard, Institut
National de la Recherche Scientifique, 2635 boulevard Hochelaga, Suite
640, C.P. 7500, Sainte-Foy, Quebec G1V 4C7, Canada. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:20673 Bolan, Alison; Manandhar, Dharma S.;
Shrestha, Purna; Ellis, Matthew; Costello, Anthony M. de L.
The effects of postnatal health education for mothers on infant
care and family planning practices in Nepal: a randomised controlled
trial. British Medical Journal, Vol. 316, No. 7134, Mar 14, 1998.
805-11 pp. London, England. In Eng.
The impact of postnatal health
education for mothers on infant care and family planning in Nepal is
analyzed using data on 540 mothers. The data were collected between
1994 and 1996 at a maternity hospital located in the capital, Katmandu.
"Our findings suggest that the recommended practice of individual
health education for postnatal mothers in poor communities has no
impact on infant feeding, care, or immunisation, although uptake of
family planning may be slightly enhanced."
Correspondence:
A. M. de L. Costello, Institute of Child Health, Centre for
International Child Health, London WC1N 1EH, England. E-mail:
a.costello@ich.ucl.ac.uk. Location: Princeton University
Library (SZ).
64:20674 Bond, George C.; Kreniske, John;
Susser, Ida; Vincent, Joan. AIDS in Africa and the
Caribbean. ISBN 0-8133-2878-0. 1997. xv, 234 pp. Westview Press:
Boulder, Colorado/Oxford, England. In Eng.
This is a collection of
papers by various authors on aspects of AIDS in Africa and the
Caribbean, many of which were originally given at an international
conference held in New York in November 1991. Part One has essays on
the anthropology of AIDS and on sociocultural aspects of AIDS. Part Two
presents case studies on AIDS in the Dominican Republic, Puerto Rico,
Cuba, and Uganda. Part Three is concerned with policy issues and covers
such topics as the HIV epidemic as a development issue, the placement
of women at the center of the analysis, racist aspects of AIDS
research, and U.S. aid in AIDS research. Part Four contains a
concluding essay on AIDS.
Correspondence: Westview Press,
5500 Central Avenue, Boulder, CO 80301-2877. Location:
Princeton University Library (FST).
64:20675 Bozon, Michel; Kontula, Osmo;
Marquet, Jacques; Huynen, Philippe; Ferrand, Alexis; Delbès,
Christiane; Gaymu, Joëlle; Schiltz, Marie-Ange.
Sexual behaviors and social changes: the nature and rhythm of
changes and the factors associated with lack of change.
[Comportements sexuels et transformations sociales: nature et rythme
des changements, facteurs d'immobilité.] Population, Vol. 52,
No. 6, Nov-Dec 1997. 1,361-559 pp. Paris, France. In Fre. with sum. in
Eng; Spa.
This section contains a selection of articles on sexual
behavior and social change in Europe. Chapters are included on sexual
initiation and gender; models of sexuality among couples and the impact
of the social network; sex behavior among persons over age 50; and
lifestyles of young male homosexuals in the context of HIV. A critical
bibliography is included (pp. 1,539-59).
Correspondence: M.
Bozon, Institut National d'Etudes Démographiques, 133 boulevard
Davout, 75020 Paris, France. E-mail: ined@ined.fr. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:20676 Burton, Anthony H.; Mertens, Thierry
E. Provisional country estimates of prevalent adult human
immunodeficiency virus infections as of end 1994: a description of the
methods. International Journal of Epidemiology, Vol. 27, No. 1,
Feb 1998. 101-7 pp. Oxford, England. In Eng.
"A
country-by-country review of human immunodeficiency virus
(HIV)/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) data was undertaken by
the World Health Organization. This paper describes the methods used to
make estimates of HIV prevalence. It is estimated that, globally,
approximately 16.9 million adults were living with HIV infections at
the end of 1994. The majority (66%) of the infections were in
sub-Saharan Africa (over 11,000,000), followed by South and South East
Asia (over 3,000,000)."
Correspondence: A. H. Burton,
World Health Organization, Global Programme on AIDS, Surveillance,
Evaluation, and Forecasting Unit, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:20677 Caldwell, John C.; Anarfi, John K.;
Caldwell, Pat. Mobility, migration, sex, STDs, and AIDS:
an essay on Sub-Saharan Africa with other parallels. In: Sexual
cultures and migration in the era of AIDS: anthropological and
demographic perspectives, edited by Gilbert Herdt. 1997. 41-54 pp.
Clarendon Press: Oxford, England. In Eng.
The authors examine the
relationships among migration, sex behavior, sexually transmitted
diseases, and AIDS in Sub-Saharan Africa. In particular, they identify
a number of primarily male migration streams, and describe the
commercial sex networks that frequently develop in response to such
migrations. The importance of commercial sex, multiplicity of sex
partners, and the high mobility inherent in such professions as
long-distance truck driving for the spread of AIDS is
noted.
Correspondence: J. C. Caldwell, Australian National
University, National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health,
Health Transition Centre, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia. Location:
Princeton University Library (FST).
64:20678 Caldwell, John C. The
impact of the African AIDS epidemic. Health Transition Review,
Vol. 7, Suppl., No. 2, 1997. 169-88 pp. Canberra, Australia. In Eng.
The author discusses the demographic impact of the AIDS epidemic in
Africa. Aspects considered include mortality, fertility, marriage,
orphans, the social effect, and future trends.
Correspondence:
J. C. Caldwell, Australian National University, Health Transition
Centre, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
64:20679 Desai, Sonalde; Alva,
Soumya. Maternal education and child health: is there a
strong causal relationship? Demography, Vol. 35, No. 1, Feb 1998.
71-81 pp. Silver Spring, Maryland. In Eng.
"Using data from
the first round of Demographic and Health Surveys for 22 developing
countries, we examine the effect of maternal education on three markers
of child health: infant mortality, children's height-for-age, and
immunization status. In contrast to other studies, we argue that
although there is a strong correlation between maternal education and
markers of child health, a causal relationship is far from established.
Education acts as a proxy for the socioeconomic status of the family
and geographic area of residence.... In the final model, maternal
education has a statistically significant impact on infant mortality
and height-for-age in only a handful of countries. In contrast,
maternal education remains statistically significant for children's
immunization status in about one-half of the countries even after
individual-level and community-level controls are
introduced."
Correspondence: S. Desai, University of
Maryland, Center on Population, Gender and Social Inequality, 3114
Art-Sociology Building, College Park, MD 20742-1315. E-mail:
sdesai@bssl.umd.edu. Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
64:20680 Drever, Frances; Whitehead,
Margaret. Health inequalities: decennial supplement.
Series DS, No. 15, ISBN 0-11-620942-9. 1997. xi, 257 pp. Office for
National Statistics: London, England. In Eng.
This publication
presents a selection of studies by various authors on aspects of health
inequalities in Britain. There is a section on mortality with the
following chapters: A brief introduction to the life expectancy and
mortality analyses, by Frances Drever and Margaret Whitehead;
Expectation of life by social class, by Lin Hattersley; Mortality in
childhood, by Beverley Botting; Patterns and trends in male mortality,
by Frances Drever and Julia Bunting; Differences in mortality of
migrants, by Seeromanie Harding and Roy Maxwell; Male mortality from
major causes of death, by Frances Drever, Julia Bunting, and Douglas
Harding; Mortality trends using the Longitudinal Study, by Seeromanie
Harding, Ann Bethune, Roy Maxwell, and Joanna Brown; Unemployment and
mortality, by Ann Bethune; Mortality of women and men using alternative
social classifications, by Jillian Smith and Seeromanie
Harding.
Correspondence: Office for National Statistics,
Marketing and Customer Services, Copyright Enquiries, Zone B1/4, 1
Drummond Gate, London SW1V 2QQ, England. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
64:20681 Fetter, Bruce; Coelho, Philip R. P.;
Rogers, John; Nelson, Marie C. The epidemiologic
transition: one, many or none? Health Transition Review, Vol. 7,
No. 2, Oct 1997. 235-55 pp. Canberra, Australia. In Eng.
This is a
series of three brief essays on the nature of the epidemiological
transition. First, Fetter suggests that transition theory in its
current form leaves some important questions unanswered. In the second
piece, Coelho looks at the epidemiological picture of the New World
after it was discovered by European explorers. The third essay, by
Rogers and Nelson, examines Sweden's epidemiological transition in
detail, emphasizing local variations.
Correspondence: B.
Fetter, University of Wisconsin, Department of History, Milwaukee, WI
53201. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:20682 Frisbie, W. Parker; Forbes, Douglas;
Hummer, Robert A. Hispanic pregnancy outcomes: additional
evidence. Social Science Quarterly, Vol. 79, No. 1, Mar 1998.
149-69 pp. Austin, Texas. In Eng.
Differences in pregnancy outcomes
across Hispanic groups in the United States are examined using data
from NCHS Linked Birth/Infant Death Data Set files for 1989-1991. The
focus is on "whether, in addition to Mexican Americans, other
Hispanic populations are characterized by an `epidemiologic paradox',
that is, a combination of a high-risk sociodemographic profile and
favorable pregnancy outcomes." The results indicate that
"except among Puerto Ricans, rates of adverse pregnancy outcomes
among Hispanics are rather similar to Anglo rates. The adjusted odds of
prematurity and low birth weight, however, are significantly higher
than the Anglo risk for all Hispanic groups, while the odds of Hispanic
infant mortality are significantly lower. Maternal smoking, low weight
gain, and low education significantly increase the risk of adverse
outcomes, as do both inadequate and `adequate plus' prenatal care. [The
authors conclude that] the `paradox' is reversed in the case of birth
outcomes, but remains in the case of infant
mortality."
Correspondence: W. P. Frisbie, University
of Texas, Population Research Center, 1800 Main, Austin, TX 78712-1088.
E-mail: frisbie@prc.utexas.edu. Location: Princeton University
Library (PR).
64:20683 Herdt, Gilbert. Sexual
cultures and migration in the era of AIDS: anthropological and
demographic perspectives. ISBN 0-19-829230-9. 1997. x, 256 pp.
Clarendon Press: Oxford, England. In Eng.
This book is a product of
a conference held in Bangkok, Thailand, in March 1994, which addressed
the relationship between migration, sexual practices, and the spread of
AIDS in developing countries. "The definition of sexual culture
and social-historical formations that result in sexual encounters and
the interruption of fertility behaviour across cultural boundaries were
of particular interest to the symposium. The conference was an
initiative of the Committee on Anthropological Demography, a research
group attached to the IUSSP." The importance of migration from
rural to urban areas and the development of sexual networks and
commercial sex activities are also examined.
Selected items will be
cited in this or subsequent issues of Population
Index.
Correspondence: Oxford University Press, Great
Clarendon Street, Oxford OX2 6DP, England. Location: Princeton
University Library (FST).
64:20684 Hurtubise, Eric;
Légaré, Jacques; Carrière, Yves. The
economic welfare and health of Quebec seniors. [Le bien-être
économique et la santé des personnes âgées
au Québec.] Cahiers Québécois de
Démographie, Vol. 26, No. 1, 1997. 69-90 pp. Montreal, Canada.
In Fre. with sum. in Eng; Spa.
"The current aging of Quebec's
population is expected to intensify in the beginning of the next
century. By 2031, seniors could represent 25 percent of the total
population, or nearly two million individuals. It is vital that
policy-makers more fully grasp the multiple aspects of this much-feared
eventuality. To this end, the aim of this study is to shed new light on
one facet of the problem. Using data from the 1986 Health and Activity
Limitation Survey (HALS), the authors analyze the correlation between
the income and health status of Quebec seniors aged 65 and over living
in private households."
Correspondence: J.
Légaré, Université de Montréal,
Département de Démographie, C.P. 6128, Succursale A,
Montreal, Quebec H3C 3J7, Canada. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
64:20685 Hyder, Adnan A.; Rotllant, Guida;
Morrow, Richard H. Measuring the burden of disease:
healthy life-years. American Journal of Public Health, Vol. 88,
No. 2, Feb 1998. 196-202 pp. Washington, D.C. In Eng.
The authors
introduce a composite indicator, the healthy life year (HeaLY), and use
data from Ghana to develop a spreadsheet to compare this indicator with
the disability-adjusted life-year (DALY) indicator in the allocation of
scarce health resources in a developing country situation. The results
indicate that "two thirds of HeaLYs lost in Ghana were from
maternal and communicable diseases and were largely preventable. The
age weighting in DALYs leads to a higher value placed on deaths at
younger ages than in HeaLYs. This spreadsheet can be used as a template
for assessing changes in health status attributable to
interventions."
Correspondence: R. H. Morrow, Johns
Hopkins University, School of Hygiene and Public Health, Division of
Health Systems, International Health, 615 North Wolfe Street,
Baltimore, MD 21205. Location: Princeton University Library
(SZ).
64:20686 Lartigue, Teresa; Avila,
Héctor. Sexuality and human reproduction in
Mexico. [Sexualidad y reproducción humana en
México.] ISBN 968-856-461-3. 1996. 308; 262 pp. Universidad
Iberoamericana: Mexico City, Mexico; Plaza y Valdés: Mexico
City, Mexico. In Spa.
These are the proceedings of a conference on
reproductive health in Mexico, held in March 1995. There are papers on
such topics as adolescent pregnancy, unwanted pregnancy, the desire for
children, abortion, maternal mortality, the knowledge and use of
contraception, fertility preferences, maternal and family health,
reproductive behavior and infant mortality, and rural
fertility.
Correspondence: Plaza y Valdés, Manuel
Ma. Contreras No. 73, Col. San Rafael, C.P. 06470 Mexico City, DF,
Mexico. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:20687 Légaré, Jacques;
Marcil-Gratton, Nicole; Huot, Paul-Marie. Changes in
tobacco use among youth aged 15-24 since the 1987 Quebec Health
Survey. [Evolution du tabagisme chez les jeunes de 15 à 24
ans depuis l'Enquête Santé Québec de 1987.] Cahiers
Québécois de Démographie, Vol. 26, No. 1, 1997.
109-28 pp. Montreal, Canada. In Fre. with sum. in Eng; Spa.
"Although missing some information on former smokers, data
from the 1992-1993 Enquête sociale et de santé (Social and
Health Survey) enable us to assess trends since the 1987 Santé
Québec (Quebec Health) survey. Our results show that for young
people born between 1965 and 1970, for whom some of the information had
to be estimated, the trend toward reduced tobacco use among both men
and women under 25 seems to be continuing. The main factor explaining
the higher incidence of tobacco use for women than for men in this
cohort is the lesser tendency for men to adopt this behaviour at a
young age. But this aspect is to a large degree offset by a greater
tendency for women to give up smoking."
Correspondence:
J. Légaré, Université de Montréal,
Département de Démographie, C.P. 6128, Succursale A,
Montreal, Quebec H3C 3J7, Canada. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
64:20688 Magadi, Monica. The
impact of AIDS on some urban households in Kenya with particular
reference to female headed households. African Urban Quarterly,
Vol. 7, No. 3-4, Aug-Nov 1992. 285-8 pp. Nairobi, Kenya. In Eng.
"The study examines [the] social, economic and demographic
impact of AIDS on the urban households in Kenya with particular
reference to coping mechanisms in female headed households.... The
distribution of AIDS patients admitted at the hospital by sex was 61%
and 39% for males and females, respectively. The majority of the
patients were in the age range 20-44 years, the mean age being 31 years
for males and 28 years for females. There were marked differences in
the ratio of male to female cases between ethnic groups and marital
status. [The] majority of the patients were of low socio-economic
status."
Correspondence: M. Magadi, University of
Nairobi, Population Studies and Research Institute, P.O. Box 30197,
Nairobi, Kenya. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:20689 Parker, Richard G.
Migration, sexual subcultures, and HIV/AIDS in Brazil. In:
Sexual cultures and migration in the era of AIDS: anthropological and
demographic perspectives, edited by Gilbert Herdt. 1997. 55-69 pp.
Clarendon Press: Oxford, England. In Eng.
"This chapter seeks
to examine the changing shape of the HIV/AIDS epidemic in Brazil in
relation to current patterns of migration and population movement, and
the ways in which these patterns have affected sexual behaviour and
impacted upon the spread of HIV and AIDS. The first section of the
paper offers a brief overview of what might be described as the social
epidemiology of AIDS in Brazil.... The second part of the paper
provides an overview of traditional migratory patterns--particularly
from the North-East to South-East of the country, from rural to urban
areas, and back again--and seeks to analyse the relationship between
these patterns and the spread of HIV/AIDS in Brazil. The third part of
the paper focuses on what might be described more specifically as
sexual migration from outlying areas to the emerging sexual
subcultures, especially among men who have sex with men, in major urban
centres such as Rio de Janeiro and São
Paulo."
Location: Princeton University Library (FST).
64:20690 Post, May. Preventing
maternal mortality through emergency obstetric care.
[Prévenir la mortalité maternelle par le biais des soins
obstétricaux d'urgence.] SARA Issues Paper, Apr 1997. 22; 26 pp.
Support for Analysis and Research in Africa [SARA]: Washington, D.C. In
Eng; Fre.
The author discusses the need to increase access to
facilities providing emergency obstetric care (EOC) worldwide. Programs
and practices designed to improve EOC are described and evaluated, with
a focus on community education and involvement, traditional birth
attendants, emergency transportation, midwifery services, and health
center quality. The emphasis is on the need to reduce levels of
maternal mortality.
Correspondence: Support for Analysis
and Research In Africa, c/o U.S. Agency for International Development,
320 21st Street NW, Washington, D.C. 20523. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:20691 Programa Regional sobre Aspectos
Sociales de la Reproducción Humana [PRASSAR] (Buenos Aires,
Argentina); Programa Regional de Investigación Social,
Entrenamiento y Asistencia Técnica en Salud Reproductiva y
Sexualidad (Buenos Aires, Argentina); Asociación de Estudios de
Población de la Argentina. Comité Científico sobre
Salud Reproductiva [AEPA] (Buenos Aires, Argentina). The
second workshop of social studies about reproductive health and
sexuality. [Segundo taller de investigaciones sociales en salud
reproductiva y sexualidad.] [1996]. 238 pp. Buenos Aires, Argentina. In
Spa.
These are the proceedings of a workshop held May 6-7, 1996, in
Buenos Aires on aspects of reproductive health and sexuality in
Argentina. Topics covered include maternal mortality, contraceptive
usage, sexually transmitted diseases, adolescent pregnancy, abortion,
and AIDS.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:20692 Raghupathy, Shobana.
Unwanted pregnancies and preventive health care use in
Thailand. Population Research and Policy Review, Vol. 16, No. 6,
Dec 1997. 579-95 pp. Dordrecht, Netherlands. In Eng.
"This
paper investigates the use of maternal and child health services by
women who have unwanted or mistimed pregnancies. The results of our
analysis indicate that wantedness of births exerts a significant
influence on health care use in Thailand, after controlling for other
determinants of utilization. Women with unwanted pregnancies are less
likely to seek prenatal care or receive tetanus toxide inoculations.
Further, women from disadvantaged socioeconomic groups, women with high
parity and those with lower educational levels have the highest
proportion of unintended pregnancies."
Correspondence:
S. Raghupathy, Brown University, Department of Sociology,
Population Studies and Training Center, Box 1916, Providence, RI 02912.
E-mail: st403514@brownvm.brown.edu. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
64:20693 Rodríguez-Ocaña,
Esteban; Bernabeu-Mestre, Josep. Physicians and
statisticians: two ways of creating demographic health statistics in
Spain, 1841-1936. Continuity and Change, Vol. 12, No. 2, Aug 1997.
247-64 pp. Cambridge, England. In Eng. with sum. in Fre; Ger.
"This study describes how demographic health statistics were
created in Spain. The first section is devoted to the painstaking
process of creating a system capable of producing modern demographic
statistics. The second part deals with the medical initiatives taken
towards the consolidation of a statistical system suitable for public
health purposes, where the main variable was indeed the question of
registration and classification of causes of death. We show the scant
success in practice of the theoretical programme advanced by hygienists
in the 1860s and reinforced in the late
1920s."
Correspondence: E.
Rodríguez-Ocaña, University of Granada, Department of
Pathology and History of Science, 18071 Granada, Spain. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:20694 Rychtarikova, Jitka.
Reappearance of historical inequalities in health during the
Eastern European transition. In: International Population
Conference/Congrès International de la Population: Beijing,
1997, Volume 2. 1997. 509-28 pp. International Union for the Scientific
Study of Population [IUSSP]: Liège, Belgium. In Eng.
The
author examines the changing health situation in the countries of
Eastern Europe since World War II. The regions studied include the
former USSR and Yugoslavia, as well as the Eastern European countries.
The author notes that, although the period of communist control had
many detrimental effects on the economies of the more advanced
countries in the region, the provision of basic educational and health
services did reduce levels of inequality and had a favorable impact on
general health. The recent political and economic changes in the region
are contributing toward growing inequalities in health conditions and
mortality both within and among the countries.
Correspondence:
J. Rychtarikova, University of Prague 2, Faculty of Sciences,
Department of Demography and Geodemography, Prague, Czech Republic.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:20695 Santos, Taís de F.
Infant and child morbidity in Northeast Brazil: the role of
breastfeeding. In: Population dynamics: some past and emerging
issues, edited by Richard A. Powell, Eleuther A. Mwageni, and Augustine
Ankomah. 1996. 18-26 pp. University of Exeter, Institute of Population
Studies: Exeter, England. In Eng.
"This study assesses the
protective role of breastfeeding against infections, particularly
diarrhoea and respiratory infections in Northeast Brazil. The Northeast
is a region of contrast having the same characteristics of other
developing areas (such as poor social and health conditions and high
infant mortality), but experiencing breastfeeding patterns closer to
those observed in industrialised countries." Although the study
showed little or no correlation between breastfeeding and infectious
diseases, the author suggests that confounding factors, such as
accuracy of reporting, the cleanliness of the water supply, and
socioeconomic factors, may have influenced the
results.
Correspondence: T. de F. Santos, University of
Southampton, Department of Social Statistics, Southampton SO9 5NH,
England. Location: British Library, Document Supply Centre,
Wetherby, England.
64:20696 Singhanetra-Renard,
Anchalee. Population movement and the AIDS epidemic in
Thailand. In: Sexual cultures and migration in the era of AIDS:
anthropological and demographic perspectives, edited by Gilbert Herdt.
1997. 70-86 pp. Clarendon Press: Oxford, England. In Eng.
The
author analyzes how changes in migration patterns, increased social
mobility, and changes in sexual behavior have combined to facilitate
the spread of HIV infections and AIDS in Thailand. The importance of
cultural attitudes toward sexuality and traditional gender relations in
the development of a commercial sex industry and the spread of AIDS is
discussed. Ethical and human rights issues are also
considered.
Location: Princeton University Library (FST).
64:20697 Szasz, Ivonne.
Reproductive health in sociodemographic studies. [La salud
reproductiva en los estudios sociodemográficos.] Estudios
Demográficos y Urbanos, Vol. 12, No. 1-2, Jan-Aug 1997. 372 pp.
El Colegio de México: Mexico City, Mexico. In Spa.
This
special issue contains articles by various authors on diverse social
problems linked to well-being in human reproduction, with a focus on
the study of sexuality. Articles are included on reproductive health
and society, maternal mortality in Mexico, anthropological study of
sexuality, differences in the signification of female sexuality in
Mexico, gender and sexual values in Mexico, ethnographic sampling in
sexuality research on the Mexico-U.S. border, the gender approach and
the social representation of sexuality, a survey on sex behavior in the
West Indies and Guyana, and sexuality profiles based on male-female
differences in Colombia.
Selected items will be cited in this or
subsequent issues of Population Index.
Correspondence: El
Colegio de México, Departamento de Publicaciones, Camino al
Ajusco 20, 10740 Mexico City, DF, Mexico. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
64:20698 United Nations. Department of
Economic and Social Affairs. Population Division (New York, New
York). World population monitoring 1996: selected aspects
of reproductive rights and reproductive health. No.
ST/ESA/SER.A/156, Pub. Order No. E.97.XIII.5. ISBN 92-1-151319-7. 1998.
xii, 282 pp. New York, New York. In Eng.
"In addition to an
overview and introduction, this report consists of eight chapters
covering the following topics: entry into reproductive life;
reproductive behaviour; contraception; abortion; maternal mortality and
morbidity; sexually transmitted diseases, including human
immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS);
reproductive rights; and population information, education and
communication with respect to reproductive rights and reproductive
health.... This report contains an extensive set of annex tables
providing indicators of the current demographic situation in major
areas and regions, as well as data on population size and growth,
population distribution, and fertility and mortality levels in
countries, major areas and regions. These annex tables also provide
data specific to reproductive rights and reproductive
health."
Correspondence: UN Department of Economic and
Social Affairs, Population Division, United Nations, New York, NY
10017. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:20699 Utomo, Iwu D.; McDonald,
Peter. Religion, culture and sexuality: a study of young
people in higher income families in Jakarta. In: International
Population Conference/Congrès International de la Population:
Beijing, 1997, Volume 2. 1997. 803-28 pp. International Union for the
Scientific Study of Population [IUSSP]: Liège, Belgium. In Eng.
Data from the 1994 Jakarta Marriage Values and Sexuality Survey are
used to analyze sexual attitudes and behavior among young people of
higher socioeconomic status in Jakarta, Indonesia. The focus is on how
factors such as religion, the media, and exposure to Western values
affect sex behavior and attitudes. The results suggest that young
people are increasingly exposed to the risk of unintended pregnancy and
sexually transmitted diseases without being provided with adequate
knowledge about how to cope with these problems.
Correspondence:
I. D. Utomo, Australian National University, Research School of
Social Sciences, Demography Program, G.P.O. Box 4, Canberra, ACT 0201,
Australia. E-mail: iwu300@coombs.anu.edu.au. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
Studies on consanguinity and isolates, inbreeding, and twinning.
64:20700 Cliquet, R. L. The
demographic future of humans: from quantity to quality? [De
demografische toekomst van de mens: van kwantiteit naar kwaliteit?]
Bevolking en Gezin, No. 1, 1996. 1-30 pp. Brussels, Belgium. In Dut.
with sum. in Eng.
"The quantitative control of fertility and
mortality which developed in the course of the past and the present
centuries forms one of the factors contributing to the development of a
future qualitative control. This qualitative control might not only
intervene in the human phenotype, but also change the human genetic
endowment. Thus, humankind might not only influence its demographic
growth and phenotypic expression, but also its genetic composition....
An enduring shift from a quantitative to a qualitative future might be
facilitated by a demographic shrinking of the human
species."
Correspondence: R. L. Cliquet, Centrum voor
Bevolkings- en Gezinsstudiën, Markiesstraat 1, 1000 Brussels,
Belgium. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:20701 Grant, Jonathan C. The
historical incidence of consanguineous marriage. In: Population
dynamics: some past and emerging issues, edited by Richard A. Powell,
Eleuther A. Mwageni, and Augustine Ankomah. 1996. 3-8 pp. University of
Exeter, Institute of Population Studies: Exeter, England. In Eng.
"An understanding of the historical incidence of
consanguineous marriages may be of use in examining historical
determinants of mortality and fertility. It is the intention of this
paper to highlight the historical incidence of consanguineous marriages
from a variety of sources. In doing so it is hoped that the relevance
of consanguinity as a demographic variable in contemporary and
historical population studies will be
demonstrated."
Location: British Library, Document
Supply Centre, Wetherby, England.
64:20702 James, William H.
Infertility treatment and multiple birth rates in Britain
1938-94. Journal of Biosocial Science, Vol. 30, No. 1, Jan 1998.
127-31 pp. Cambridge, England. In Eng.
"Murphy et al. (1997)
showed age-standardised twinning rates for Scotland and England &
Wales 1952-94.... The authors conclude their paper with the words:
`perhaps 15% of twins nationally now follow [infertility] treatment and
the natural twinning rate might still be in decline.' This note
questions whether this conclusion is consistent with the data." A
reply by M. Murphy, K. Hey, M. O'Donnell, B. Willis, and J. D. Ellis is
included (pp. 128-31).
Correspondence: W. H. James,
University College London, Galton Laboratory, Wolfson House, 4
Stephenson Way, London NW1 2HE, England. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
