Studies that treat quantitative fertility data analytically. References to crude data are coded under S. Official Statistical Publications. Methodological studies specifically concerned with fertility are cited in this division and cross-referenced to N. Methods of Research and Analysis Including Models, if necessary.
Analytical studies of quantitative birth data and reproduction rates and studies of fertility and its concomitants. Studies of age at marriage, divorce, and factors influencing family size are coded under G.1. Marriage and Divorce or G.2. Family and Household.
64:20244 Ahmed, Mohammed F.
Estimation of birth rates and expectation of life at birth at
national and district levels of Bangladesh--a critical comparison.
Genus, Vol. 53, No. 3-4, Jul-Dec 1997. 129-56 pp. Rome, Italy. In Eng.
with sum. in Ita; Fre.
"In this paper the reverse survival
method as suggested by Venkatacharya (1990) has been used to estimate
birth rates for the national as well as for the district levels of
Bangladesh. An attempt has also been made to estimate the male and
female birth rates based on the same method.... An attempt...has also
been made to estimate life-expectancy at birth for both sexes combined
at national and district levels of Bangladesh. [An] attempt has also
been made to obtain sex-specific life-expectancy at
birth."
Correspondence: M. F. Ahmed, South Camden
Community School, Charrington Street, London NW1, England.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:20245 Anderson, David. Men,
reproduction and fatherhood. IUSSP Policy and Research Paper, No.
12, ISBN 2-87108-060-7. 1997. 28 pp. International Union for the
Scientific Study of Population [IUSSP]: Liège, Belgium. In Eng.
This report summarizes some of the major themes discussed at a
seminar on male fertility in the era of fertility decline. The seminar
was organized by the IUSSP's Committee on Anthropological Demography
and was held in Zacatecas, Mexico, November 13-16, 1995. The topics
covered include male fertility and its determinants, men's motives for
reproduction, men's control over their fertility, men as collaborators
in fertility decision making, and fatherhood.
Correspondence:
International Union for the Scientific Study of Population, 34 rue
des Augustins, 4000 Liège, Belgium. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
64:20246 Atoh, Makoto. Very low
fertility in Japan and value change hypotheses. Jinko Mondai
Kenkyu/Journal of Population Problems, Vol. 53, No. 1, 1997. 3-20 pp.
Tokyo, Japan. In Jpn. with sum. in Eng.
The author investigates
possible causes of recent changes in marital behavior and the resulting
fertility decline in Japan. The focus is on the importance of cultural
factors and changes in values since the 1960s. Aspects considered
include changes in women's status, attitudes toward premarital sex,
division of labor between males and females, care of elderly parents,
and sex preferences.
Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
64:20247 Bachu, Amara. Fertility
of American women: June 1995 (update). Current Population Reports,
Series P-20: Population Characteristics, No. 499, Oct 1997. 1 pp. U.S.
Bureau of the Census: Washington, D.C. In Eng.
This is a one-page
summary of information on the fertility of American women based on the
June 1995 Current Population Survey. A paper version of the tables is
available for $23 as PPL-74 on request. These tables provide
demographic characteristics of women by race and Hispanic origin. The
detailed tabulations are also available online at
http://www.census.gov.
Correspondence: U.S. Bureau of the
Census, Fertility and Family Statistics Branch, Washington, D.C. 20233.
E-mail: abachu@census.gov. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
64:20248 Berinde, Diana. Two
pathways to a third child. Stockholm Research Reports in
Demography, No. 124, ISBN 91-7820-119-5. Dec 1997. 42 pp. Stockholm
University, Demography Unit: Stockholm, Sweden. In Eng.
"The
transition from two to three children is investigated, using data on
Swedish women's fertility behaviour and labour force participation over
a period of some 20 years ending in 1992/93. Two questions are
examined: what is the relationship between working life and
childbearing of two-child mothers? Is there any impact of public
policies on their further fertility? Two paths to the third child are
identified, one of women with an university degree and another, of
women with preference for more children, reflected by marriage after
having the first or the second child, or by persistent working
experience followed by household work."
Correspondence:
Stockholm University, Demography Unit, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:20249 Brui, B. The impact of
social and medical demographic factors on the birth rate in
Russia. [Vliyanie sotsial'nykh i mediko-demograficheskikh faktorov
na uroven' rozhdaemosti v Rossii.] Voprosy Statistiki, No. 1, 1998.
72-4 pp. Moscow, Russia. In Rus.
Factors affecting recent fertility
trends in Russia are analyzed. The author notes that Russia has had a
similar experience to most Western countries over the course of the
century concerning the trend toward lower fertility. In fact, fertility
in Russia dropped to below replacement levels in the 1960s, and has not
recovered since that time. Attempts to raise fertility levels through
social policy ceased to have any effects during the 1980s.
Consideration is also given to family planning and maternal and child
health issues.
Correspondence: B. Brui, Goskomstat Rossii,
Izmailovskoe Shosse 44, 105679 Moscow, Russia. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:20250 Burch, Thomas K.
Fertility decline theories: toward a synthetic computer model.
Population Studies Centre Discussion Paper, No. 97-7, ISBN
0-7714-2005-6. Jul 1997. 17 pp. University of Western Ontario,
Population Studies Centre: London, Canada. In Eng.
"This paper
is a first step toward a comprehensive model of fertility decline....
The [second] section gives brief sketches of the central theoretical
ideas of [selected] authors, highlighting complementarities and
possibilities for synthesis. Following that, a synthetic model is
presented, graphically and in the difference-equation language of
Professional Dynamo Plus. Illustrative output is given for Taiwan
(1957-63)...."
Correspondence: University of Western
Ontario, Population Studies Center, London, Ontario N6A 5C2, Canada.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:20251 Caldwell, John C. The
global fertility transition: the need for a unifying theory.
Population and Development Review, Vol. 23, No. 4, Dec 1997. 803-12,
930, 932-3 pp. New York, New York. In Eng. with sum. in Fre; Spa.
"This address to the 1997 IUSSP General Conference urges the
need to regard the global fertility transition as a single process
explained by a unified fertility transition theory. The argument is
that a global fertility transition was inevitable and that demographic
pressure was intertwined with ideas, ideologies, and organized
assistance both in nineteenth-century Europe and in the developing
countries of the second half of the twentieth century. Once fertility
change began, it was certain that it would be explained, championed,
and assisted. These actions accelerated the change in both the
nineteenth and twentieth centuries."
Correspondence:
J. C. Caldwell, Australian National University, Research School of
Social Sciences, Demography Program, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:20252 Collumbien, Martine; Timæus,
Ian M.; Acharya, Laxmi. The onset of fertility decline in
Nepal: a reinterpretation. Centre for Population Studies Research
Paper, No. 97-2, ISBN 0-902657-58-5. Dec 1997. iv, 29 pp. London School
of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Centre for Population Studies:
London, England. In Eng.
"This paper investigates fertility in
Nepal using the measures of parity progression proposed by Brass and
Juarez (1983) to detect the onset of fertility decline. The analysis is
based largely on the 1991 Nepal Fertility, Family Planning and Health
Survey. Evaluation of the birth history data collected in this survey
indicates that they are sufficiently reliable to determine fertility
trends. The sample size allows analysis at sub-national level.
Supporting evidence as to the pattern of decline is provided by the
1991 Census and by earlier surveys."
Correspondence:
London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Centre for
Population Studies, 49-51 Bedford Square, London WC1B 3DP, England.
E-mail: M.Collumbien@lshtm.ac.uk. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
64:20253 Das Gupta, Monica; Narayana,
D. Bangladesh's fertility decline from a regional
perspective. Genus, Vol. 53, No. 3-4, Jul-Dec 1997. 101-28 pp.
Rome, Italy. In Eng. with sum. in Ita; Fre.
"Bangladesh is
believed to have undergone a very dramatic fertility decline because of
its family planning program. Reviewing the evidence, we find that the
decline in fertility, though important, is not so dramatic as generally
believed. Fertility levels are similar to those of neighboring India,
which is not perceived to have an outstanding family planning program.
While the program must have facilitated the decline, many significant
changes have taken place in Bangladesh's society and economy which make
for reduced demand for children. A desire to reduce fertility was
generated by growing pressure on resources, and this has sharpened with
the changing values and aspirations associated with increasing
integration of the population with the modern
economy."
Correspondence: M. Das Gupta, Harvard
University, Center for Population and Development Studies, 9 Bow
Street, Cambridge, MA 02138. E-mail: monica@hsph.harvard.edu.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:20254 De Santis, Gustavo; Livi Bacci,
Massimo. Population reproduction: a method of breakdown
and estimation. [La reproduction des populations: une
méthode de décomposition et d'estimation.] Population,
Vol. 52, No. 5, Sep-Oct 1997. 1,119-42 pp. Paris, France. In Fre. with
sum. in Eng; Spa.
"This article shows how...a classic measure
of reproduction...can be broken down into a series of multiplicative
components, each of which reflects a specific dimension (intensity or
timing) of nuptiality, mortality, fertility and, if required,
migration.... A number of simple algorithms are proposed for
calculating the mean age at birth and for estimating the proportion of
women who are married at this age. An application to England, France
and Germany establishes the existence and the characteristics of their
respective demographic regimes in the XVIIth and XVIIIth
centuries."
Correspondence: M. Livi Bacci,
Università di Firenze, Dipartimento Statistico, Viale Morgagni
59, 50134 Florence, Italy. E-mail: livi@stat.ds.unifi.it. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:20255 De Simoni, Alessandro.
An estimate of age and parity distributions of the female
population of childbearing age: Italy and its large subdivisions, from
1980 to 1995. [Una stima delle distribuzioni per età e
parità della popolazione femminile in età feconda: Italia
e grandi ripartizioni, anni dal 1980 al 1995.] Istituto di Ricerche
sulla Popolazione Working Paper, No. 1/96, Oct 1995. 75 pp. Consiglio
Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Ricerche sulla Popolazione [IRP]:
Rome, Italy. In Ita. with sum. in Eng; Fre.
Age and parity data for
women 15-59 years of age from 1980 to 1995 are given for Italy as a
whole and separately for the northern and southern regions. "The
data reported here derive from an indirect estimation procedure which
basically consists [of] a `longitudinal' monitoring, for each year of
observation, of the female population by age, assigning it to higher
parity categories according to the corresponding data on births
classified by the mother's age and by order. Besides the specific
aspects of recent Italian fertility trends, the data is interesting
since it enables us to determine the so-called parity progression rates
in which both terms of the ratio are specified with regard to the
woman's age and parity."
Correspondence: Consiglio
Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Ricerche sulla Popolazione, Viale
Beethoven 56, 00144 Rome, Italy. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
64:20256 Denny, Clerk; Mitra, S.
A general model of fertility decline to replacement level in the
second generation. Janasamkhya, Vol. 12, No. 1-2, 1994. 17-28 pp.
Kariavattom, India. In Eng.
"This paper presents a model of
population momentum which expresses the ratio of the ultimate
stationary population to the initial stable population when fertility
declines to replacement level in the second generation regardless of
the pattern of the fall.... Results starting from the initial stable
age distributions are compared with those generated by the actual
population compositions." The model is employed to calculate the
results of a fall in age-specific fertility rates in the second
generation in four countries: Guatemala, Japan, Mexico, and
Rwanda.
Correspondence: C. Denny, Emory University,
Atlanta, GA 30322. Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
64:20257 Elizarov, Valerii V. The
demographic situation and problems of family policy.
[Demograficheskaya situatsiya i problemy semeinoi politiki.]
Sotsiologicheskie Issledovaniya, No. 2, 1998. 55-61 pp. Moscow, Russia.
In Rus.
The decline in fertility that occurred in Russia from the
early 1960s to the 1980s is analyzed. The author focuses on the factors
that influence young parents to have children, and on the extent to
which social policies can be developed to influence them in these
decisions. The impact of changing patterns of marriage and divorce on
fertility is also considered.
Location: Princeton
University Library (FST).
64:20258 Gregson, Simon; Zhuwau, Tom;
Anderson, Roy M.; Chandiwana, Stephen K. HIV and fertility
change in rural Zimbabwe. Health Transition Review, Vol. 7,
Suppl., No. 2, 1997. 89-112 pp. Canberra, Australia. In Eng.
"We review a number of mechanisms through which an HIV
epidemic and responses to it can affect birth rates, through the
biological and behavioural proximate determinants. Uninfected as well
as infected people can be affected and many of the changes could have
unintended consequences for fertility at the individual level. Results
from a small-scale in-depth study in two rural areas of Zimbabwe are
reviewed. These indicate that the local HIV epidemic has begun to
influence the proximate determinants of fertility. If observed trends
persist, a modest acceleration in the recent decline in birth rates
seems plausible."
Correspondence: S. Gregson, Blair
Research Institute, Harare, Zimbabwe. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
64:20259 Hayashi, Kenji; Hyoi,
Nobuyuki. An analysis on fertility recovery in Sweden
(1980-1990). Japanese Journal of Health and Human Ecology, Vol.
60, No. 6, 1994. 322-32 pp. Tokyo, Japan. In Jpn. with sum. in Eng.
"In Sweden, [the] Total Fertility Rate (TFR) has increased
drastically since 1980, predominantly after 1985.... The current
analysis [suggests] that fertility changes in Sweden are closely
related to the scheme of paid maternity leave. The 1986 renovation
seems to highly enhance the motivation of childbearing. However,
the...scheme unexpectedly seems to bring about the increase of abortion
rate at the same time."
Correspondence: K. Hayashi,
Institute of Public Health, Department of Demography and Health
Statistics, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan. Location:
Center for Research Libraries, Chicago, IL.
64:20260 Hoem, Britta; Hoem, Jan M.
Fertility trends in Sweden up to 1996. Stockholm Research
Reports in Demography, No. 123, ISBN 91-7820-117-9. Nov 1997. 14, [5]
pp. Stockholm University, Demography Unit: Stockholm, Sweden. In Eng.
"In this paper, we describe fertility trends in Sweden over
three decades through 1996. We relate these trends to family-relevant
public policies, women's labor-force participation, and general
economic developments, and suggest that fertility and employment levels
for women may be expected to move in concert rather than in opposite
directions...."
Correspondence: Stockholm University,
Demography Unit, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
64:20261 Imai, Hiroyuki.
Application of Butz-Ward type models to fertility in Japan.
Jinko Mondai Kenkyu/Journal of Population Problems, Vol. 52, No. 2, Jul
1996. 30-5 pp. Tokyo, Japan. In Jpn.
Butz-Ward models are applied
to the analysis of Japanese fertility data for the period
1965-1995.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:20262 Isiugo-Abanihe, Uche C.
Stability of marital unions and fertility in Nigeria. Journal
of Biosocial Science, Vol. 30, No. 1, Jan 1998. 33-41 pp. Cambridge,
England. In Eng.
"Using nationally representative data, it is
shown that marital unions are relatively stable in Nigeria. Remarriage
rates are high so little time is lost between unions. Consequently, the
fertility of women who have experienced marital disruption is only
slightly lower than for those in stable unions. Their slightly lower
parity may be a function of a high incidence of reproductive
impairment, which is a major reason for divorce and separation in
Nigeria."
Correspondence: U. C. Isiugo-Abanihe,
University of Ibadan, Department of Sociology, Ibadan, Nigeria.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:20263 Kenya. Central Bureau of Statistics
(Nairobi, Kenya). Kenya population census, 1989:
Analytical report. Volume IV: fertility and nuptiality. [1997?].
[162] pp. Nairobi, Kenya. In Eng.
This report analyzes the data
from the 1989 census of Kenya on fertility and nuptiality. There are
chapters on fertility levels and trends, fertility differentials, and
nuptiality. The report also contains a summary and
conclusions.
Correspondence: Central Bureau of Statistics,
Ministry of Planning and National Development, P.O. Box 30266, Nairobi,
Kenya. Location: Northwestern University Library, Evanston,
IL.
64:20264 Kirk, Dudley; Pillet,
Bernard. Fertility levels, trends, and differentials in
Sub-Saharan Africa in the 1980s and 1990s. Studies in Family
Planning, Vol. 29, No. 1, Mar 1998. 1-22 pp. New York, New York. In
Eng.
"This study presents an assessment of fertility trends in
23 countries of sub-Saharan Africa. It examines trends and
differentials in proximate determinants and fertility preferences.
Findings from the Demographic and Health Surveys for these countries
over a period of 15 years show that desired family size has decreased
significantly. Two-thirds of the countries examined show evidence of
fertility decline, a particularly rapid decline in the cases of Kenya
and Zimbabwe. Areas with higher education for women and lower child
mortality experienced larger reductions in fertility and desired family
size. Contraceptive use far exceeds other proximate determinants in
explaining these changes. The striking regularity in fertility
reduction across all ages indicates that contraception is practiced
mostly for birth spacing and that contraceptive methods have gained
wide acceptance among younger cohorts."
Correspondence:
D. Kirk, Stanford University, Food Research Institute, Stanford,
CA 94305-6084. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:20265 Kojima, Hiroshi; Rallu,
Jean-Louis. Fertility in Japan and France. [La
fécondité au Japon et en France.] Population, Vol. 52,
No. 5, Sep-Oct 1997. 1,143-72 pp. Paris, France. In Fre. with sum. in
Eng; Spa.
"Fertility in Japan and France was very similar
between 1975 and 1985, but the subsequent decline has been greater in
Japan, where levels have stood at below 1.5 births per women since
1993. A study of fertility using civil registration and survey data,
and from indices based on the parity-specific birth probabilities,
reveals that the decline in fertility in Japan was due to the fall in
nuptiality until the mid-1980s but that since then there has also been
a fall in fertility within marriage. Unlike in France, extra-marital
fertility has not increased in Japan, and the compensation due to
postponed births remained at a low level until the start of the
1990s."
Correspondence: H. Kojima, National Institute
of Population and Social Security Research, Ministry of Health and
Welfare, Kasumigaseki 1-2-3, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100, Japan.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:20266 Kojima, Katsuhisa; Yamamoto,
Chizuko. Fertility in Japan: 1994. Jinko Mondai
Kenkyu/Journal of Population Problems, Vol. 52, No. 2, Jul 1996. 52-8
pp. Tokyo, Japan. In Jpn.
Fertility trends in Japan for 1994 are
analyzed. Data are included on births by nationality; fertility and
marriage trends, 1970-1994; components of births and the birth rate,
1920-1994; and birth rates by age and sex.
Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:20267 Llorente Marrón, Maria del M.;
Costa Reparaz, Emilio; Díaz Fernández,
Montserrat. A model for the simultaneous analysis of the
number and quality of children. [Un modelo de determinación
simultánea del número y calidad de hijos.] Revista
Internacional de Sociología, No. 17, May-Aug 1997. 133-51 pp.
Madrid, Spain. In Spa. with sum. in Eng.
The authors develop an
economic model of fertility, based on the New Family Economy approach,
which enables a simultaneous analysis to be made of such factors as the
interaction between child quality and quantity, female labor force
participation, and family leisure activities. "By means of the
estimate of a system of simultaneous equations, we have empirically
contrasted the main existing linkages among the dependent variables
mentioned and those which characterize the economic and social position
of the family, women's and men's wage rates, nonlabor income, age and
cultural standard of both husband and wife, etc. The required sample
information has been obtained by means of a survey [of] over 1,200
families living in Principado de Austurias [Spain]. The model has been
estimated following the two-stage square methods. The
estimates...satisfactorily reflect the main interrelations that exist
among the different variables analyzed."
Correspondence:
M. del M. Llorente Marrón, Universidad de Oviedo, Calle San
Francisco 3, 33003 Oviedo, Spain. Location: Princeton
University Library (PR).
64:20268 Lloyd, Cynthia B.; Montgomery, Mark
R. The consequences of unintended fertility: potential
implications for investments in children. In: International
Population Conference/Congrès International de la Population:
Beijing, 1997, Volume 2. 1997. 699-718 pp. International Union for the
Scientific Study of Population [IUSSP]: Liège, Belgium. In Eng.
The authors describe how new conceptual and empirical research is
needed on the consequences for both mothers and children of unwanted
childbearing in developing countries and how such a new framework of
research will be able to provide a rationale for the support of family
planning programs. "In this paper, we begin with a discussion of
the dilemma that faces economists in fertility research as they try to
deduce preferences from behaviour. This is followed by a review of
findings from the sociological literature about the meaning of
preferences and the advantages and disadvantages...of alternative
approaches to measurement. As will be discussed, existing demographic
data on preferences function much like blinders, in that they constrain
our angle of vision on the potential consequences of unintended
childbearing. The next section discusses these limitations. Finally, we
review some intriguing recent research results...that should encourage
further attention to this neglected topic and discuss some practical
steps that could be taken to strengthen the empirical base for further
research."
Correspondence: C. B. Lloyd, Population
Council, Social Sciences Research, One Dag Hammarskjold Plaza, New
York, NY 10017. E-mail: clloyd@popcouncil.org. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:20269 Lobao, Linda M.; Brown, Lawrence
A. Development context, regional differences among young
women, and fertility: the Ecuadorean Amazon. Social Forces, Vol.
76, No. 3, Mar 1998. 819-49 pp. Chapel Hill, North Carolina. In Eng.
"This study examines macro-micro linkages between development
context and fertility. We extend two conceptual approaches on the
social context of fertility to an alternative development setting, the
extractive periphery, represented by Ecuador's Amazon. Focus is on how
relationships between young women's social structural positions and
fertility are modified by attributes of the region's development. Data
are from a full population of young Ecuadorean women. The
fertility-reducing effects of women's education, student status, labor
force participation, and paid employment are found to decline in the
Amazon as a consequence of its family-based economy, class structure,
and high-fertility demographic regime."
Correspondence:
L. M. Lobao, Ohio State University, College of Food, Agriculture
and Environmental Sciences, Rural Sociology Program, Columbus, OH
43210. E-mail: lobao@osu.edu. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
64:20270 Lockwood, Matthew.
Fertility and household labour in Tanzania: demography, economy,
and society in Rufiji District, c.1870-1986. ISBN 0-19-828754-2.
LC 97-39099. 1998. xiii, 203 pp. Clarendon Press: Oxford, England. In
Eng.
"This book is an interdisciplinary study of the way in
which human reproduction interweaves with the reproduction of society
and economy in coastal Tanzania. Combining demography, history, and
sociology...it offers a new methodology for the study of African
fertility and the role of household demography in agrarian economies.
Part I provides a political economy of changing fertility. Demographic
patterns are situated within the wider social and economic context, in
particular the transformation of marriage in relation to kinship and
local political structures, and child-spacing dynamics rooted in the
moral economy of gender. In Part II, the author examines the
implications of demographic patterns for people's workloads and
economic fortunes at the individual and household level. Based on
extensive field-work in a Tanzanian village, the analysis shows the
importance of women's involvement in rice cultivation, and the fluidity
of life cycles."
Correspondence: Oxford University
Press, Great Clarendon Street, Oxford OX2 6DP, England. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:20271 Lockwood, Matthew.
Reproduction and poverty in Sub-Saharan Africa. IDS Bulletin,
Vol. 28, No. 3, Jul 1997. 91-100 pp. Brighton, England. In Eng.
"In this article I explore some of the relationships between
poverty and reproduction in Africa. Much thinking about these issues
has been based on a particular understanding of fertility--one which
relates poverty to high fertility via a shortage of labour power and
insecurity. However, some recent work looks at reproduction in
sub-Saharan Africa in a rather different way. I briefly outline that
work, and then try to draw out the implications for an understanding of
poverty, gender and reproduction."
Correspondence: M.
Lockwood, University of Sussex, School of African and Asian Studies,
Falmer, Brighton, East Sussex BN1 9QN, England. Location:
Princeton University Library (PF).
64:20272 Macunovich, Diane J.
Fertility and the Easterlin hypothesis: an assessment of the
literature. Journal of Population Economics, Vol. 11, No. 1, Feb
1998. 53-111 pp. Berlin, Germany. In Eng.
"Focusing just on
the fertility aspects of the Easterlin hypothesis, this paper offers a
critical assessment--rather than just a selective citation--of the
extensive fertility literature generated by Easterlin, and a complete
inventory of data and methodologies in seventy-six published analyses.
With an equal number of micro- and macro-level analyses using North
American data (twenty-two), the `track record' of the hypothesis is the
same in both venues, with fifteen providing significant support in each
case. The literature suggests unequivocal support for the relativity of
the income concept in fertility, but is less clear regarding the
source(s) of differences in material aspirations, and suggests that the
observed relationship between fertility and cohort size has varied
across countries and time periods due to the effects of additional
factors not included in most models."
Correspondence:
D. J. Macunovich, Syracuse University, Maxwell Center for Policy
Research, 426 Eggers Hall, Syracuse, NY 13244-1020. E-mail:
dmacunov@maxwell.syr.edu. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
64:20273 Macura, Miroslav.
Fertility and nuptiality changes in central and eastern Europe:
1982-1993. Stanovnistvo, Vol. 35, No. 3-4, Jul-Dec 1997. 11-43 pp.
Belgrade, Yugoslavia. In Eng. with sum. in Scr.
The author
investigates changes over time in the level and timing of fertility and
first marriage in central and eastern Europe from 1982 to 1993.
"We seek to answer the following questions.... Were the changes in
first marriage accompanied by those in non-marital cohabitation?...
Were the shifts in overall fertility and first marriage accompanied by
those in their timing, as measured by the mean age of childbearing and
the mean age at entry into first marriage,
respectively?"
Correspondence: M. Macura, UN Economic
Commission for Europe, Population Activities Unit, Palais des Nations,
1211 Geneva 10, Switzerland. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
64:20274 Matthews, Beverly. The
gender system and fertility: an examination of the hidden links.
Population Studies Centre Discussion Paper, No. 97-11, ISBN
0-7714-2051-X. Dec 1997. 22 pp. University of Western Ontario,
Population Studies Centre: London, Canada. In Eng.
"This study
uses qualitative methods and case studies to explore the underlying
causal nexus between gender and demographic behaviour [in Canada]. The
purpose is to explore [several issues]: how does the household division
of labour...interact with gender role orientations to influence
fertility strategies and how is this mediated by the cultural gender
system...? And, ultimately, does an egalitarian gender system
inevitably result in `precariously' low
fertility?"
Correspondence: University of Western
Ontario, Population Studies Centre, London, Ontario N6A 5C2, Canada.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:20275 McDonald, Peter.
Contemporary fertility patterns in Australia: first data from the
1996 census. People and Place, Vol. 6, No. 1, 1998. 1-13 pp.
Clayton, Australia. In Eng.
"The results of the 1996
[Australian] Census show that levels of fertility are falling for
almost all categories of women and for women as a whole. Most young
women would like to have at least two children but economic and social
circumstances force them to curtail their preferences. Very low
fertility is not in Australia's interests. The solution lies not in
forcing women out of the work force but in supporting them in their
desire to combine work and family."
Correspondence: P.
McDonald, Australian National University, Research School of Social
Sciences, G.P.O. Box 4, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:20276 Merrigan, Philip; St.-Pierre,
Yvan. An econometric and neoclassical analysis of the
timing and spacing of births in Canada from 1950 to 1990. Journal
of Population Economics, Vol. 11, No. 1, Feb 1998. 29-51 pp. Berlin,
Germany. In Eng.
"This paper estimates a reduced form
neoclassical model of Canadian fertility dynamics using an econometric
technique that integrates several features not usually found in the
demographic and economic literature. We find considerable support for
the neoclassical model. We also find that correlated unobservables and
parity stopping effects play an important role in Canadian fertility
dynamics as well as other socio-demographic features of Canadian women.
However, we fail to totally characterize the important drops in the
fertility rate that took place for this
era."
Correspondence: P. Merrigan, University of
Quebec, Département des Sciences Economiques, C.P. 8888,
Succursale Centre-Ville, Montreal, Quebec H3C 3P8, Canada. E-mail:
merrigan.philip@uqam.ca. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
64:20277 Mimura, Noriko.
Fertility and prenatal care among poor women in Nicaragua: an
empirical analysis with data from the Living Standards Measurement
Survey of 1993. CIDR Working Paper Series, Dec 1996. 21 pp. Duke
University, Terry Sanford Institute of Public Policy, Center for
International Development Research: Durham, North Carolina. In Eng.
"This study analyzes the impact of poverty on prenatal care
and fertility in Nicaragua in order to provide a statistical and
analytical basis for more effective resource allocation in the maternal
health sector in this country. Using data from the Living Standards
Measurement Survey (1993), the author provides a statistical analysis
of the relationship between the socioeconomic level of women and the
number of births, amount of prenatal care received, and amount spent on
prenatal care. She examines as well the effect that rural/urban
residency, the presence of a spouse in a household, and years of
education for women have on these
relationships."
Correspondence: Duke University,
Center for International Development Research, Box 90237, Durham, NC
27708-0237. E-mail: cidr@pps.duke.edu. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
64:20278 Muhwava, William; Timæus, Ian
M. Fertility decline in Zimbabwe. Centre for
Population Studies Research Paper, No. 96-1, ISBN 0-902657-60-7. Dec
1996. iv, 53 pp. London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Centre
for Population Studies: London, England. In Eng.
"The extent
to which fertility has declined in Zimbabwe has been hotly debated.
This paper attempts to resolve this controversy by conducting a
comprehensive analysis of all the fertility data available from
national censuses and surveys.... As well as examining summary measures
of total fertility, the study presents estimates of parity progression
for each cohort interviewed in the two DHS surveys using the method
proposed by Brass and Juarez to adjust for truncation bias. In
addition, we check our fertility estimates against the Census
enumerations by carrying out an intercensal population projection based
on them." The authors conclude that, after some inconsistencies in
the 1970s and 1980s, "fertility in Zimbabwe is incontrovertibly in
transition."
Correspondence: London School of Hygiene
and Tropical Medicine, Centre for Population Studies, 49-51 Bedford
Square, London WC1B 3DP, England. E-mail: W.Muhwava@lshtm.ac.uk.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:20279 Ntozi, James P. M.; Nakanaabi,
Immaculate M.; Lubaale, Yovani A. M. Fertility levels and
trends in the face of the AIDS epidemic in Uganda. In:
International Population Conference/Congrès International de la
Population: Beijing, 1997, Volume 2. 1997. 611-24 pp. International
Union for the Scientific Study of Population [IUSSP]: Liège,
Belgium. In Eng.
"The paper uses data on ever-married women
interviewed in 1992 and 1995 surveys in six districts of Uganda. Total
fertility rates declined during the inter-survey period from 7.3 to
6.0. Women in households that experienced AIDS-related deaths had lower
fertility levels than women in non-AIDS-affected households in both
1992 and 1995. This pattern was true of women at older ages, in
polygamous unions, the widowed and separated, and among the highly
educated and the uneducated."
Correspondence: J. P. M.
Ntozi, Makerere University, Institute of Statistics and Applied
Economics, P.O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda. E-mail:
isae@mukla.gn.apc.org. Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
64:20280 Pandey, Arvind; Dwivedi, S. N.;
Mishra, R. N. A stochastic model for the study of last
closed birth interval with some biosocial components. Mathematical
Population Studies, Vol. 7, No. 1, 1998. 1-27, 109 pp. Amsterdam,
Netherlands. In Eng. with sum. in Fre.
"We present a
stochastic model to describe variation in last closed birth interval
for women of a given marriage duration by parity as well as regardless
of parity. The model is derived under some simplified assumptions
relating to human reproduction process accounting for the non-exposure
period in the beginning of the reproductive life caused by such
biosocial components as adolescent sterility and temporary separation
between the partners called as an inoperative period. We illustrate the
model regardless of parity on an observed set of data taken from a
rural area of northern India and estimate the risk of conception before
and after the first birth."
Correspondence: A. Pandey,
International Institute for Population Sciences, Department of
Mathematical Demography and Statistics, Govandi Station Road, Deonar,
Mumbai 400 088, India. Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
64:20281 Pandey, Arvind; Saxena, N. C.; Singh,
K. K. Estimation of parity progression ratios from birth
order statistics. Genus, Vol. 53, No. 1-2, Jan-Jun 1997. 177-88
pp. Rome, Italy. In Eng. with sum. in Ita; Fre.
"This paper
presents a technique which estimates parity progression ratios (PPRs)
from birth order statistics. The method proposed here...overcomes the
major problem of obtaining mother's mean age at birth at different
orders which were typically derived from maternity histories provided
by survey data. This technique has been illustrated using data from the
Census of India, 1981 and the Sample Registration System of India,
1990. We find that the estimates of PPR so derived are more sensitive
to the changes in distribution of births than other
inputs."
This paper was originally presented at the 1994 Annual
Meeting of the Population Association of
America.
Correspondence: A. Pandey, International Institute
for Population Sciences, Govandi Station Road, Deonar, Mumbai 400 088,
India. E-mail: iips.nfhs@axcess.net.in. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
64:20282 Paul, Bimal K. Changes
in reproductive behavior in Bangladesh. Geographical Review, Vol.
87, No. 1, Jan 1997. 100-4 pp. New York, New York. In Eng.
Some
recent changes in reproductive behavior in Bangladesh are examined, and
the factors associated with the rapid decline in fertility that has
occurred are analyzed. Data are primarily from the 1993-1994 Bangladesh
Demographic and Health Survey. In view of the current age structure,
the author notes that the problems of overpopulation will be solved
only by continued support for population control by the people as a
whole, a strong political commitment on the part of the government, and
additional support from the international
community.
Correspondence: B. K. Paul, Kansas State
University, Department of Geography, Manhattan, KS 66506. Location:
Princeton University Library (PR).
64:20283 Petrovic, Mina. The
fertility problem in Yugoslav society in the late 1990s. [Problem
fertiliteta stanovnistva u jugoslovenskom drustvu krajem 90-tih.]
Socioloski Pregled/Sociological Review, Vol. 30, No. 2, Apr-Jun 1996.
217-28 pp. Belgrade, Yugoslavia. In Scr. with sum. in Eng.
"At
the end of the 1990s Yugoslav society is simultaneously faced with two
population problems: depopulation and explosive growth of the
population.... In this article the attention is focused on some social
preconditions of high and low fertility of Yugoslav regions.... The
article also deal with possibilities of implementation [of] the
population policy." The impact of political factors,
modernization, and regional, social, economic, and cultural features is
emphasized.
Correspondence: M. Petrovic, Institut
Drustvenih Nauka, Narodnog Fronta 45, Belgrade, Yugoslavia.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:20284 Preston, Samuel H.; Guillot,
Michel. Population dynamics in an age of declining
fertility. Genus, Vol. 53, No. 3-4, Jul-Dec 1997. 15-31 pp. Rome,
Italy. In Eng. with sum. in Ita; Fre.
"Formal demography
offers two lessons that bear on growth prospects for low fertility
populations. First, population growth rates become more and more
sensitive to variation in fertility rates, i.e. long-term population
growth rates are a function of relative changes in fertility levels
rather than of absolute changes. Second, even below-replacement
fertility creates a momentum that carries features of current
demographic patterns into the future. The longer a return to
replacement-level fertility is delayed, the larger the momentum of
decline will be."
Correspondence: S. H. Preston,
University of Pennsylvania, Population Studies Center, 3718 Locust
Walk, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6298. E-mail: spreston@pop.upenn.edu.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:20285 Rasevic, Mirjana.
Factors affecting natural fertility. [Faktori prirodnog
fertiliteta.] Stanovnistvo, Vol. 35, No. 3-4, Jul-Dec 1997. 93-107 pp.
Belgrade, Yugoslavia. In Scr. with sum. in Eng.
"The paper
represents a review of the origins of the difference between the
theoretical, formally formulated framework for child bearing, and the
actual child bearing in conditions in which it is not controlled....
The conclusion that [differences in] biological factors [among
populations] have a limited impact on...natural fertility indicates
that even if these differences do exist, they are not large enough to
affect the level of child bearing in populations which do not practice
fertility control. Consequently, their impact in populations which
widely practice population control is even less
significant."
Correspondence: M. Rasevic, Instituta
Drustvenih Nauka, Centar za Demografska Istrazivanja, Belgrade,
Yugoslavia. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:20286 Rizkallah, Hala N.; Moneim, Ahmad
A. Fertility decline in Lebanon. [La baisse de la
fécondité au Liban.] Population, Vol. 52, No. 5, Sep-Oct
1997. 1,224-33 pp. Paris, France. In Fre.
Recent fertility trends
in Lebanon are analyzed using data from the 1996 survey carried out as
part of the Pan-Arab Project on Child Development. Methods developed by
Bongaarts are used to assess the relative impact of intermediate
variables such as changes in age at marriage, breast-feeding, induced
abortion, and contraception on the decline in fertility that has
occurred in recent years.
Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
64:20287 Robichaux, David. Income
generation and age at couple formation: toward an interpretation of the
demographic explosion in rural Mexico. [Asalarización y
edad de formación de la pareja: hacia una interpretación
de la explosión demográfica en el México rural.]
Sociológica, Vol. 11, No. 32, Sep-Dec 1996. 51-78 pp. Mexico
City, Mexico. In Spa.
The author considers the ways in which
salaried labor can translate into population growth in rural sectors of
Mexico, and the subsequent impact on the age of couple formation. Data
are from a Tlaxcala community where salaried work has gained
importance. Results indicate not only a decline in fertility and
mortality rates, but also a decline in the age at first
union.
Correspondence: D. Robichaux, Universidad
Iberoamericana, Departmento de Ciencias Sociales y Politícas,
Prolongación Paseo de la Reforma 880, Col. Lomas de Santa Fe,
01210 Mexico, DF, Mexico. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
64:20288 Robins, Tamasine.
Dangerous misconceptions? Fertility change in colonial western
Kenya. In: Population dynamics: some past and emerging issues,
edited by Richard A. Powell, Eleuther A. Mwageni, and Augustine
Ankomah. 1996. 9-17 pp. University of Exeter, Institute of Population
Studies: Exeter, England. In Eng.
"This paper addresses the
applicability of ideas of demographic transition in an African context
through a case study of western Kenya, with particular reference to the
fertility experience. Changes in the birth rate are used to interpret
the overall extent and determinants of population change. This paper
shows how Eurocentric interpretations of population growth in western
Kenya have been incorrect in their reliance on the demographic
transition model, and suggests that this has had negative impacts on
the potential success of population policies in the area."
Specifically, the author argues that "a key factor contributing to
population growth during the colonial period was a substantial and
sustained rise in fertility. This was influenced by the arrival of
colonialism and the infiltration of western values and social systems
via missionary teaching.... The penetration of the capitalist economy
further contributed to rising birth rates, with the establishment of
labour migration and subsequent changing gender roles, which served to
necessitate fertility increase."
Correspondence: T.
Robins, University of Wales, Institute of Earth Studies, Aberystwyth,
Wales. Location: British Library, Document Supply Centre,
Wetherby, England.
64:20289 Rwenge, Mburano. The
determinants of marital fertility by place of residence in Benin: an
analysis using intermediate variables. [Determinants de la
fécondité des mariages selon le milieu d'habitat au
Bénin: examen par les variables intermédiaires.] Les
Cahiers de l'IFORD, No. 7, ISBN 2-905327-20-0. Mar 1994. 125 pp.
Institut de Formation et de Recherche Démographiques [IFORD]:
Yaoundé, Cameroon. In Fre.
This analysis of fertility in
Benin is based on data from the National Survey of Fertility undertaken
between 1981 and 1983. The focus of the study is on how intermediate
variables, such as age at first marriage, lactation, postpartum
abstinence, and contraceptive usage, affect fertility differently in
rural and urban areas. The study shows how urbanization and education
have the effect of lowering fertility in urban
areas.
Correspondence: Institut de Formation et de
Recherche Démographiques, B.P. 1556, Yaoundé, Cameroon.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:20290 Shakhatreh, Farouk M. N.
Fertility patterns, child growth and nutrition, and the use of
maternity services: comparing South Jordan with the three main
cities. Dirasat Series B (Pure and Applied Sciences), Vol. 21, No.
5, 1994. 69-82 pp. Amman, Jordan. In Eng. with sum. in Ara.
"The Jordan Population and Family Health Survey (JPFHS) was
carried out in 1990. This paper aims to answer whether southern women
and their children are different from women and their children in
Amman, Zarqa and Irbid regarding fertility, use of maternity services,
and child growth and nutrition. There had been much improvement in the
use of maternity services in Jordan over the past seven years.... Total
fertility per Jordanian woman aged 15-49 years is 5.6.... The growth
pattern of Jordanian preschool children is satisfactory when compared
to other Arab countries." However, the results clearly indicate
the underprivileged status of women and children living in the south
compared to those living in the three main
cities.
Correspondence: F. M. N. Shakhatreh, University of
Jordan, Department of Community Medicine, Amman, Jordan. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:20291 Singh, K. K.; Singh, R. S.; Singh,
Uttam; Singh, Kiran. Levels and trends of fecundability
and sterility in eastern Uttar Pradesh, India. Janasamkhya, Vol.
12, No. 1-2, 1994. 75-97 pp. Kariavattom, India. In Eng.
"This
paper deals with the application of a model (Bhattacharya et al., 1987)
to describe the number of births to a female in a specified period of
time, when the start of observation is [at a] distant point since
marriage. [The] model is applied to study the levels and trends of
fecundability and sterility of females in eastern Uttar Pradesh (rural)
based on data available from three surveys conducted under the auspices
of [the] Centre of Population Studies, Banaras Hindu University,
Varanasi. A short description of the model with assumptions and
procedure to obtain maximum likelihood estimates of the parameters are
outlined."
Correspondence: K. K. Singh, Banaras Hindu
University, Faculty of Science, Department of Statistics, Varanasi 221
005, India. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:20292 Strassmann, Beverly I.; Warner, John
H. Predictors of fecundability and conception waits among
the Dogon of Mali. American Journal of Physical Anthropology, Vol.
105, No. 2, Feb 1998. 167-84 pp. New York, New York. In Eng.
"Here we study female fertility by focusing on one component
of the interbirth interval: the waiting time to conception during
menstrual cycling. Our study population is a Dogon village of 460
people in Mali, West Africa. This population is pronatalist and
noncontracepting.... Using survival analysis, we identified significant
predictors of the waiting time to conception: wife's age (years),
husband's age,...marital duration (years), gravidity (number of prior
pregnancies), and breast-feeding status.... We fit both continuous and
discrete time survival models, but the former appeared to be a better
choice for these data."
Correspondence: B. I.
Strassmann, University of Michigan, Department of Anthropology, 1020
LSA Building, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1070. E-mail: bis@umich.edu.
Location: Princeton University Library (PR).
64:20293 Takyi, Baffour K.; Oheneba-Sakyi,
Yaw. Gender differentials in family size among Ghanaian
couples. Journal of Asian and African Studies, Vol. 32, No. 3-4,
Dec 1997. 296-306 pp. Leiden, Netherlands. In Eng.
"Using data
from the Ghana Demographic and Health Survey (GDHS) of 1988, the
present study focuses on the impact of demographic, social, economic
and interpersonal factors on family size among Ghanaian couples. The
results of our study indicate that age at first marriage is a
significant factor in fertility levels for wives but not for husbands.
Furthermore, there is an inverse relationship between a mother's
education and fertility, although the relationship between a husband's
education and family size is not significant. Nonetheless, consistent
with previous research, the husband's approval of the use of family
planning plays a significant role in the couple's fertility
behavior."
Correspondence: B. K. Takyi, University of
Akron, Department of Sociology, Akron, OH 44325. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:20294 Tremblay, Marc.
Intergenerational transmission of reproductive behavior in the
Saguenay region in the late nineteenth century. [Transmission
intergénérationnelle de la reproduction au Saguenay
à la fin du XIXe siècle.] Cahiers Québécois
de Démographie, Vol. 26, No. 1, 1997. 129-45 pp. Montreal,
Canada. In Fre. with sum. in Eng; Spa.
"This paper presents
the results of a study on intergenerational transmission of
reproductive behaviour among women in the Saguenay region [of
Canada].... The analysis is based on a comparison of the reproductive
behaviour (number of children and age at childbirth) of mothers born in
the Saguenay region between 1850 and 1880 with that of their children
(male and female). The findings show a positive relationship between
the two generations, in regard to both the number of children and the
parents' age at the birth of their first
child."
Correspondence: M. Tremblay, Université
du Québec, Centre Interuniversitaire SOREP, 555 Boulevard de
l'Université, Chicoutimi, Quebec G7H 2B1, Canada. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:20295 Underwood, Jane H. They
also serve: Chamorro male fertility in the pre-World War II
period. American Journal of Human Biology, Vol. 10, No. 1, 1998.
23-35 pp. New York, New York. In Eng.
"Male fertility, a
generally overlooked aspect in studies of human reproductive patterns,
is examined from the reproductive life histories of Chamorro males with
essential completed fertility by 1941. Males in this `natural
fertility' indigenous population of the Pacific island of Guam exhibit
low levels of couple infertility which are counteracted by high levels
of adult male mortality, while new unions formed after the death of
female partners tend to reduce completed fertility by only about one
child.... Early terminators, formerly fertile couples of reproductive
age who fail for unspecific biological or behavioral reasons to
continue reproducing, affect an equal or even larger impact than adult
male mortality on failure to attain theoretical male fertility maxima
in this population."
Correspondence: J. H. Underwood,
University of Arizona, Department of Anthropology, Tucson, AZ 85721.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:20296 Vikat, Andres; Thomson, Elizabeth;
Hoem, Jan M. Stepfamily fertility in contemporary Sweden:
the impact of childbearing before the current union. Stockholm
Research Reports in Demography, No. 125, ISBN 91-7820-121-7. Dec 1997.
25 pp. Stockholm University, Demography Unit: Stockholm, Sweden. In
Eng.
"We focus on the fertility of Swedish men and women who
lived in a consensual or marital union in the 1970s and 1980s, and
where at least one of the partners had had children before they entered
into that union.... We find clear evidence that couples wanted a shared
biological child, essentially regardless of how many children (if any)
they had had before their current union."
Correspondence:
Stockholm University, Demography Unit, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:20297 Wanner, Philippe; Fei, Peng; Cotter,
Stéphane. Spatial and temporal changes in fertility
in Switzerland since 1981. Some possible explanations for observed
trends. Schweizerische Zeitschrift für Soziologie/Revue
Suisse de Sociologie/Swiss Journal of Sociology, Vol. 23, No. 3, 1997.
491-506 pp. Zurich, Switzerland. In Eng.
"The present study is
part of a systematic analysis of the phenomena of population changes,
with the aim of validating demographic indices. Its focus is the
changes in fertility over the last 15 years [in Switzerland], in a
context of generally low fertility. It is based on an analysis of the
trends in fertility across regions and with time. The results lead us
to consider the following paradox: while fertility has remained stable
in Switzerland since the 1980s, with nevertheless a slight decrease in
level, the differences between the cantons have been greatly
reduced."
Correspondence: P. Wanner, Office
Fédéral de la Statistique, Section de l'Evolution de la
Population, Schwarztorstr. 53, 3003 Bern, Switzerland. E-mail:
Philippe.Wanner@bfs.admin.ch. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
64:20298 Wetherell, Charles; Plakans,
Andrejs. Fertility and culture in Eastern Europe: a case
study of Riga, Latvia, 1867-1881. European Journal of
Population/Revue Européenne de Démographie, Vol. 13, No.
3, 1997. 243-68 pp. Dordrecht, Netherlands. In Eng. with sum. in Fre.
"Recent research on the secular decline of fertility in
historical Europe has focused on cultural explanations in the wake of
the European Fertility Project's failure to confirm demographic
transition theory. Using the city of Riga in present-day Latvia as a
case study, the essay provides initial estimates of nuptiality and
fertility for resident language and religious groups in 1867 and 1881,
and reviews the prospects of future work. Despite obstacles, Eastern
Europe offers researchers an exceptional opportunity to test major
cultural and economic hypotheses about the fertility decline because
sustained ethnic diversity coexisted with economic
development."
Correspondence: C. Wetherell, University
of California, Department of History, Riverside, CA 92521. E-mail:
charles.wetherell@ucr.edu. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
64:20299 Winckler, Onn. Syria:
population growth and family planning, 1960-1990. Orient, Vol. 36,
No. 4, Dec 1995. 663-72 pp. Leverkusen, Germany. In Eng.
"The
aims of this article are to examine the reasons for the high rates of
natural increase in Syria over the past four decades; to observe the
results of this process in the fields of economic and social
development; and to question whether the authorities were aware of the
implications of the rapid population growth, and what measures, if any,
were taken to reduce the level of birth rates and
fertility."
Location: Princeton University Library
(SY).
64:20300 Yaakoubd, Abdel-Ilah.
Facts and determinants of the fertility transition in Morocco.
[La transition de fécondité au Maroc: faits et facteurs.]
Genus, Vol. 53, No. 1-2, Jan-Jun 1997. 189-202 pp. Rome, Italy. In Fre.
with sum. in Eng; Ita.
"Morocco, similar to Algeria, Tunisia
and other developing countries, has, since independence, experienced
many economic transformations and socio-cultural changes that have had
a major impact on the main component of demographic growth, i.e.
natality. In this paper, we attempt to give an overview of the
principal features affecting this evolution. Emphasis is placed
particularly on the underlying determinants and similarities and
dissimilarities compared with Algeria and
Tunisia."
Correspondence: A.-I. Yaakoubd, Institut
National de Statistique et d'Economie Appliquée, B.P. 6217,
Madinat Al Irfane, Rabat, Morocco. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
64:20301 Yadava, R. C.; Srivastava,
Meenakshi. On the extension of a probability distribution
for straddling birth interval. Janasamkhya, Vol. 12, No. 1-2,
1994. 43-56 pp. Kariavattom, India. In Eng.
"An attempt has
been made to derive a probability model for straddling birth interval
incorporating heterogeneity in the population with respect to
fecundability. The theoretical expressions for the mean and variance of
this distribution have also been derived which may serve as a basis for
estimation of mean fecundability in the
population."
Correspondence: R. C. Yadava, Banaras
Hindu University, Faculty of Science, Department of Statistics,
Varanasi 221 005, India. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
64:20302 Yashin, Anatoli I.; Iachine, Ivan A.;
Andreev, Kirill F.; Larsen, Ulla. Multistate models of
postpartum infecundity, fecundability and sterility by age and parity:
methodological issues. Mathematical Population Studies, Vol. 7,
No. 1, 1998. 51-78, 109-10 pp. Amsterdam, Netherlands. In Eng. with
sum. in Fre.
"The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate the
applicability of a new approach based on the multistate structure of
the reproductive process to the analysis of different aspects of
fecundability using incomplete reproductive history data. The main
thrust of our work is the derivation of basic relationships for
observed, i.e. marginal, hazard rates.... To limit the size of the
present paper we restrict ourselves to two illustrative examples which
demonstrate the ability of the methods proposed to estimate the
parameters in the simplest empirical cases."
This is a revised
version of a paper originally presented at the 1994 Annual Meeting of
the Population Association of America.
Correspondence: U.
Larsen, Harvard School of Public Health, Department of Population and
International Health, 665 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:20303 Zakharov, Sergei V.; Ivanova, Elena
I. The fertility decline in Russia. [Rozhdaemost' i
brachnost' v Rossii.] Sotsiologicheskie Issledovaniya, No. 7, 1997.
70-80 pp. Moscow, Russia. In Rus.
The authors analyze the fertility
decline in Russia between 1988 and 1995, giving consideration to how
changing nuptiality and birth patterns have affected fertility. They
first examine trends in Russian fertility and nuptiality from the end
of the nineteenth century up to the 1960s. Comparisons are also made to
the trends in fertility and nuptiality occurring in other developed
countries.
Location: Princeton University Library (PR).
64:20304 Zakharova, O. D.; Rybakovskii, L.
L. Geopolitical aspects of depopulation in Russia.
[Geopoliticheskie aspekty depopulyatsii v Rossii.] Sotsiologicheskie
Issledovaniya, No. 6, 1997. 46-54 pp. Moscow, Russia. In Rus.
Recent trends in fertility in Russia are analyzed, the focus being
on the reasons for the very low levels of fertility recorded over the
decade of the 1990s. The prospects for a continuing decline in the size
of the country's population are assessed. The authors note that there
are two schools of thought about future trends: one school maintains
that population decline is a natural trend that will correct itself
over time; the other believes that the current demographic situation is
a direct result of failures in the economic and political domain, and
that resolving problems in these areas will also help to solve the
country's demographic problems.
Location: Princeton
University Library (PR).
Studies on differences in fertility patterns and levels in subgroups of a population. Also included are studies on age-specific fertility, such as teenage pregnancy.
64:20305 Bean, Lee L.; Zohry, A. G.
Marriage and fertility in the Gulf region: the impact of
pro-family, pro-natal policies. CDC Working Paper, No. 36, 1994.
37 pp. Cairo Demographic Centre: Cairo, Egypt. In Eng. with sum. in
Ara.
Data from six Gulf Child Health Surveys are used to analyze
fertility differences within and among Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar,
Saudi Arabia, and the United Arab Emirates. "The background to
these surveys is provided in the first section of the paper. The second
section provides an overall assessment of the general quality of the
data particularly as it relates to the measurement of fertility. The
third part of the papers provides a description of the major
differences in fertility levels and patterns, and an effort is made to
explain the reported variations. The final section relates the reported
findings to the patterns of social and economic change as well as the
explicit and implicit population policies of the six
countries."
Correspondence: Cairo Demographic Centre,
St. No. 4, Building No. 78, El-Nafoura Square, El-Mokattam, Cairo,
Egypt. Location: U.S. National Library of Medicine, Bethesda,
MD.
64:20306 Carpenter, Lucy M.; Nakiyingi,
Jessica S.; Ruberantwari, Anthony; Malamba, Samuel S.; Kamali, Anatoli;
Whitworth, James A. G. Estimates of the impact of HIV
infection on fertility in a rural Ugandan population cohort.
Health Transition Review, Vol. 7, Suppl., No. 2, 1997. 113-26 pp.
Canberra, Australia. In Eng.
"Fertility rates in a
population-based cohort of over 3,500 women aged 15-49 years living in
rural southwest Uganda are described and examined in relation to
infection with HIV.... With the exception of women aged 15-19 years,
women who were not infected with HIV had higher fertility than
HIV-infected women.... The lower fertility in HIV-positive women is
unlikely to be explained by increased use of contraception, as use of
modern contraceptive methods in rural Uganda is low and fewer than ten
per cent of women are aware of their HIV-serostatus. More likely
explanations are reduced sexual activity due to clinical symptoms
associated with HIV infection or lower fertility associated with
co-existing infections with other sexually transmitted diseases, such
as syphilis."
Correspondence: L. M. Carpenter, Uganda
Virus Research Institute, Medical Research Council Programme on AIDS,
P.O. Box 49, Entebbe, Uganda. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
64:20307 de Man, V.; de Jong, A. H.
Women with high income remain more often childless. [Vrouwen
met een hoog inkomen blijven vaker kinderloos.] Maandstatistiek van de
Bevolking, Vol. 45, No. 12, Dec 1997. 32-8 pp. Voorburg, Netherlands.
In Dut. with sum. in Eng.
"According to various economic
theories a high income of the female partner will have a negative
effect on the ultimate number of children of the couple. The theory of
the New Home Economics attributes this effect to the fact a woman with
a high income loses a substantial part of her income if she decides to
have a child and quits working. The Human Capital theory states that a
woman with a high income has made a large investment in herself and
that she is therefore unwilling to endanger the return on that
investment by becoming [a] full-time mother. This negative relationship
between fertility and income has been analysed using the dataset of the
Netherlands Family and Fertility survey 1993."
Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:20308 DeWit, Margaret L.; Ravanera, Zenaida
R. The changing impact of women's educational attainment
and employment on the timing of births in Canada. Population
Studies Centre Discussion Paper, No. 97-9, ISBN 0-7714-2049-8. Oct
1997. 20, [3] pp. University of Western Ontario, Population Studies
Centre: London, Canada. In Eng.
"The present research
considers the question of possible cohort differences in the impact of
education on first and second births in Canada.... Also examined here
in some detail is the role of women's paid employment in affecting the
timing of births, as well as the possible interaction between
educational achievement and employment
activity."
Correspondence: University of Western
Ontario, Population Studies Centre, London, Ontario N6A 5C2, Canada.
E-mail: DeWitM@SMTPLINK.IPFW.INDIANA.EDU. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
64:20309 DoDoo, F. Nii-Amoo.
Marriage type and reproductive decisions: a comparative study in
Sub-Saharan Africa. Journal of Marriage and the Family, Vol. 60,
No. 1, Feb 1998. 232-42 pp. Minneapolis, Minnesota. In Eng.
"The effect of marriage type--polygamy versus monogamy--on
reproductive decisions is investigated using comparative data from the
1988, 1989, and 1993 Demographic and Health Surveys of Ghana and Kenya.
The data provide no consistent support for the hypothesized negative
effect of polygamy on women's ability to implement their fertility
preferences. Rather, there appears to be some evidence of a stronger
female influence, particularly in the polygamous 1989 Kenya sample, and
a weak male advantage is discernible primarily in the monogamous
samples."
Correspondence: F. N.-A. DoDoo, Vanderbilt
University, Department of Sociology, Box 1811-B, Nashville, TN 37205.
E-mail: dodoof@ctrvax.vanderbilt.edu. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
64:20310 Iglicka, Krystyna.
Territorial changes in fertility in Poland 1931-1988.
[Terytorialne przemiany plodnosci w Polsce w latach 1931-1988.]
Monografie i Opracowania, No. 384, 1994. 190 pp. Szkola Glówna
Handlowa, Oficyna Wydawnicza: Warsaw, Poland. In Pol.
This doctoral
thesis analyzes changes in geographical fertility differentials in
Poland in the period from 1931 to 1988. The focus is on the process of
demographic transition and the causes of fertility change. The analysis
is presented separately for the country as a whole and for individual
voivodships, or regions. Topics covered include the impact of family
planning on fertility and differences in fertility between urban and
rural populations. Comparisons are made with other European
countries.
Correspondence: Szkola Glówna Handlowa,
Al. Niepodleglosci 162, 02-554 Warsaw, Poland. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:20311 Isiugo-Abanihe, Uche C.
The socio-cultural context of high fertility among Igbo women.
International Sociology, Vol. 9, No. 2, Jun 1994. 237-58 pp. London,
England. In Eng.
"In this study fertility differentials,
reproductive behaviour and fertility preferences and intentions [among
the Igbo of Nigeria] are examined as a function of three
well-recognised cultural institutions or contextual factors: the
bestowal of high fertility honour or title to women of a given family
size, patriarchal relations, and patrilinearity and son preference,
together with individual status indicators. Our findings suggest that
socio-cultural institutions establish or condition relationships and
behaviours among the Igbo: in other words, individual fertility
behaviour takes place within the context of complex social organisation
and under the influence of multiple social, cultural and ideological
realities."
Correspondence: U. C. Isiugo-Abanihe,
University of Ibadan, Department of Sociology, Ibadan, Nigeria.
Location: Cornell University Library, Ithaca, NY.
64:20312 Karim, Mehtab S.
Reproductive behavior in Muslim countries. DHS Working Paper,
No. 23, Oct 1997. 50 pp. Macro International, Demographic and Health
Surveys [DHS]: Calverton, Maryland. In Eng.
"This report
utilizes DHS data from nine [Muslim] countries to explain patterns and
differentials in reproductive behavior.... From each country,
information on socioeconomic characteristics of ever-married women
(urban-rural residence and level of education), age at marriage,
exposure to mass media (watching television regularly), knowledge of
contraception, and past and current contraceptive use among currently
married women is utilized. Two measures of fertility are employed: the
mean number of children ever born to ever-married women and their total
marital fertility rate, based on births during the five years prior to
the survey."
Correspondence: Macro International,
Demographic and Health Surveys, 11785 Beltsville Drive, Suite 300,
Calverton, MD 20705-3119. E-mail: reports@macroint.com. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:20313 Khan, M. E.; Patel, Bella C.
Reproductive behaviour of Muslims in Uttar Pradesh. Journal of
Family Welfare, Vol. 43, No. 1, Mar 1997. 13-29 pp. Mumbai, India. In
Eng.
"The present paper, based on a large sample survey
carried out in Uttar Pradesh, [India,] compares the reproductive
behaviour of Hindus and Muslims, and attempts to examine the
determinants of their differential fertility and family planning
behaviour.... The findings of the study...indicate that as commonly
believed, Muslims have a relatively higher fertility than Hindus....
Muslim women have poorer access to information than their Hindu
counterparts; their traditional values do not allow them to discuss
their reproductive goals with their husbands and seek their cooperation
to achieve their desired family size which is invariably smaller than
the finally achieved family size."
Correspondence: M.
E. Khan, Population Council, Sangha Rachna, 3rd Floor, 53 Lodi Estate,
New Delhi 110 003, India. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
64:20314 Klepinger, Daniel; Lundberg, Shelly;
Plotnick, Robert D. Teen childbearing and human capital:
does timing matter? Seattle Population Research Center Working
Paper, No. 98-2, Jan 1998. 25 pp. University of Washington, Seattle
Population Research Center: Seattle, Washington. In Eng.
"In
this paper, we model and estimate the relationship between adolescent
childbearing at different ages and human capital investment [in the
United States].... Using data from the NLSY [The National Longitudinal
Survey of Youth], we find that adolescent fertility at any age
substantially reduces years of formal education and early adult work
experience for both black and white women. Moreover, we find that the
effects of early and later teen births are essentially the same for
both education and early adult work experience, and that there are no
important racial differences in the
effects."
Correspondence: Seattle Population Research
Center, c/o University of Washington, Center for Studies in Demography
and Ecology, Department of Sociology DK-40, Seattle, WA 98195.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:20315 Pozo Avalos, Arturo; Médico,
Asesor. Fertility in Loja, Bolívar, Esmeraldas,
Azuay, and El Oro. [La fecundidad en Loja, Bolívar,
Esmeraldas, Azuay y El Oro.] Correo Poblacional y de la Salud, Vol. 5,
No. 3, Sep 1997. 24-9 pp. Quito, Ecuador. In Spa.
The authors
analyze fertility differences in five regions of Ecuador, with a focus
on the impact of women's educational level, contraceptive use, women's
marital status, and age at first birth.
Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
64:20316 Siow, Aloysius.
Differential fecundity, markets, and gender roles. Journal of
Political Economy, Vol. 106, No. 2, Apr 1998. 334-54 pp. Chicago,
Illinois. In Eng.
The author investigates how differential
fecundity of women interacts with marriage, labor, and financial
markets to affect gender roles in monogamous societies. "The main
findings of the paper are as follows: (i) Fecund women are relatively
scarce. Men will behave differently than women in response to this
scarcity. In the most fundamental way, demand and supply conditions in
the marriage market affect gender roles. (ii) Differential fecundity
does not have any market-invariant gender effect. Gender roles depend
on the way in which marriage, labor, and financial markets interact.
(iii) Gender differences in the labor market can occur without
corresponding differences in labor market opportunities, productivities
in child rearing, or social norms. (iv) With uncertainty in human
capital accumulation and no insurance against this uncertainty, the
model's predictions are consistent with observed gender
roles."
Correspondence: A. Siow, University of
Toronto, 100 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M52 1A1, Canada.
Location: Princeton University Library (PF).
64:20317 Thailand. National Statistical Office
(Bangkok, Thailand). "Own-children" estimates of
fertility of the Thai hill tribes. ISBN 974-236-595-4. 1997. [12],
42 pp. Bangkok, Thailand. In Eng; Tha.
"The Thai hill
tribes...are among the disadvantaged minority groups in Thailand....
This study investigates fertility of the hill tribes by ethnic group,
utilizing the Own-Children technique, and their contraceptive use....
This paper also provides information on demographic and socioeconomic
backgrounds of the hill tribes."
Correspondence:
National Statistical Office, Larn Luang Road, Bangkok 10100,
Thailand. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:20318 Wadhera, Surinder; Millar, Wayne
J. Teenage pregnancies, 1974 to 1994. [La grossesse
chez les adolescents, de 1974 à 1994.] Health Reports/Rapports
sur la Santé, Vol. 9, No. 3, Winter 1997. 9-17; 9-18 pp. Ottawa,
Canada. In Eng; Fre.
"This article provides an overview of
trends from 1974 to 1994 in pregnancies among women aged 15 to 19 [in
Canada].... In 1994, there were an estimated 46,800 teenage
pregnancies. This marked the continuation of an almost steady rise from
1987, when the number was 39,300. As well, there has been an increase
in the percentage of teenage pregnancies ending in an
abortion."
Correspondence: S. Wadhera, Statistics
Canada, Health Statistics Division, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0T6, Canada.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
Studies on infertility, as well as studies of spontaneous abortion, prematurity, and other relevant pathologies of pregnancy.
64:20319 Chandra, Anjani; Stephen, Elizabeth
H. Impaired fecundity in the United States:
1982-1995. Family Planning Perspectives, Vol. 30, No. 1, Jan-Feb
1998. 34-42 pp. New York, New York. In Eng.
"Using data from
the 1982, 1988 and 1995 rounds of the [National Survey of Family
Growth], trends in both the proportions and numbers of women with
impaired fecundity and of those who received infertility services were
examined. Multiple logistic regressions were carried out to estimate
the effects of demographic characteristics on the likelihood of
currently having impaired fecundity and of ever having received medical
help for infertility.... The proportion of U.S. women aged 15-44 who
reported some form of fecundity impairment rose from 8% in 1982 and
1988 to 10% in 1995, an increase in absolute numbers from 4.6 million
to 6.2 million women.... The dramatic increase...occurred because the
large baby-boom cohort, many of whom delayed childbearing, had reached
their later and less fecund reproductive years. This increase in both
rates and numbers occurred across almost all age, parity, marital
status, education, income, and race and ethnicity
subgroups."
This paper was originally presented at the 1997
Annual Meeting of the Population Association of
America.
Correspondence: A. Chandra, U.S. National Center
for Health Statistics, Division of Vital Statistics, Reproductive
Statistics Branch, 6525 Belcrest Road, Hyattsville, MD 20782.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:20320 de Jong, A. H. Many
women are facing fertility problems. [Veel vrouwen kampen met
vruchtbaarheidsproblemen.] Maandstatistiek van de Bevolking, Vol. 46,
No. 2, Feb 1998. 6-7 pp. Voorburg, Netherlands. In Dut. with sum. in
Eng.
"The number of women in the Netherlands who are
experiencing difficulties in getting pregnant is on the rise, due to an
ever further postponement of motherhood. About 8% of all women who have
tried to get pregnant will eventually remain
childless."
Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
64:20321 Okonofua, Friday E.; Harris, Diana;
Odebiyi, Adetanwa; Kane, Thomas; Snow, Rachel C. The
social meaning of infertility in Southwest Nigeria. Health
Transition Review, Vol. 7, No. 2, Oct 1997. 205-20 pp. Canberra,
Australia. In Eng.
"We have conducted a number of qualitative
studies aimed at exploring socio-cultural issues associated with
infertility in Ile-Ife, Southwestern Nigeria. Twenty-five focus-group
discussions were held with knowledgeable persons in the rural and urban
parts of the community to ascertain their attitudes towards
infertility. The results show that community members accord great
significance to child-bearing, but they have incorrect knowledge of the
causes and appropriate treatment of infertility.... Women are more
likely to suffer the social consequences of infertility; they suffer
physical and mental abuse, neglect, abandonment, economic deprivation
and social ostracism as a result of their infertile status." Some
recommendations for improving the situation are
suggested.
Correspondence: F. E. Okonofua, Women's Health
and Action Research Centre, P.O. Box 10234, Ugbowo, Benin City,
Nigeria. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:20322 Sundby, Johanne; Mboge, Reuben;
Sonko, Sheriff. Infertility in the Gambia: frequency and
health care seeking. Social Science and Medicine, Vol. 46, No. 7,
Apr 1998. 891-9 pp. Oxford, England. In Eng.
"In order to
understand the problems of undesired infertility in the Gambia, where
the desire for children and fertility is very high, a population based
estimate of the frequency of sub-/infertility was undertaken....
Primary sterility was found to be fairly uncommon (3%), and secondary
infertility to be more frequent (6%). Half of the infertile couples
failed to seek formal health care, and they had to reach a certain
level of care in order to be properly managed. As investigations are
very basic and treatment possibilities scarce, many forms of
alternative care are often sought."
Correspondence: J.
Sundby, University of Oslo, Institute of General Practice and Community
Medicine, Department of Medical Anthropology, P.O. Box 1130 Blindern,
0317 Oslo, Norway. Location: Princeton University Library
(PR).
64:20323 Zargar, Abdul H.; Wani, Arshad I.;
Masoodi, Shariq R.; Laway, Bashir A.; Salahuddin, Mohammad.
Epidemiologic and etiologic aspects of primary infertility in the
Kashmir region of India. Fertility and Sterility, Vol. 68, No. 4,
Oct 1997. 637-43 pp. Birmingham, Alabama. In Eng.
The authors
"assess the magnitude of primary infertility and...study its
etiologic aspects in [Kashmir] India.... Fifteen percent of the couples
interviewed had primary infertility, among whom 4.66% had unresolved
infertility at the time of the survey. The etiology of infertility in
250 consecutive couples revealed a female factor in 57.6%, a male
factor in 22.4%, combined factors in 5.2%, and an undetermined cause in
14.8%."
Correspondence: A. H. Zargar, P.O. Box 1098,
G.P.O. Srinagar 190 001, Kashmir, India. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
Studies concerning activities, including family planning programs, that are primarily designed to influence fertility.
General aspects of fertility control, primarily those concerned with family planning and family planning programs.
64:20324 Agha, Sohail; Davies, John.
Contraceptive social marketing in Pakistan: assessing the impact of
the 1991 condom price increases on sales and consumption. PSI
Research Division Working Paper, No. 14, 1998. 27 pp. Population
Services International, Research Division: Washington, D.C. In Eng.
"This report describes the effect of condom price increases in
Pakistan, particularly on the demand for condoms among low-income
couples. A price change may affect demand by (1) reducing sales of the
importer/producer to regional distributors, (2) reducing sales of
distributors to retailers and reducing sales from retailers to
consumers. This paper uses four data sets to measure the effect of the
price increases at these different levels."
Correspondence:
Population Services International, Research Division, 1120
Nineteenth Street NW, Suite 600, Washington, D.C. 20036. E-mail:
generalinfo@psiwash.org. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
64:20325 Agha, Sohail. Is low
income a constraint to contraceptive use among the Pakistani poor?
PSI Research Division Working Paper, No. 15, 1998. 25 pp. Population
Services International, Research Division: Washington, D.C. In Eng.
"We examine whether low income is a barrier to contraceptive
use in Pakistan.... Multivariate regression analysis performed using
the Pakistan Contraceptive Demand Survey suggests that low income is a
deterrent to modern contraceptive use in Pakistan. This is particularly
the case for contraceptive methods supplied through the private
sector."
Correspondence: Population Services
International, Research Division, 1120 Nineteenth Street NW, Suite 600,
Washington, D.C. 20036. E-mail: generalinfo@psiwash.org. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:20326 Agha, Sohail. Sexual
activity and condom use in Lusaka, Zambia. International Family
Planning Perspectives, Vol. 24, No. 1, Mar 1998. 32-7 pp. New York, New
York. In Eng. with sum. in Spa; Fre.
"The 1996 Lusaka Sexual
Behavior and Condom Use Survey gathered data on sexual activity in
Lusaka [Zambia] from 806 respondents; multiple regression analysis was
performed to identify factors that predicted men's and women's condom
use.... Most respondents reported that their most recent intercourse
was with their marital partner (62% of women and 43% of men) or with a
regular partner (20% of women and 23% of men); almost one-quarter of
men (24%), however, reported having last had intercourse with a casual
partner. Overall, 17% of women and 24% of men had used a condom at last
intercourse.... Because of gender inequity, programs directed at men
are more likely to succeed in encouraging condom use than are those
aimed at developing women's skills in negotiating condom
use."
Correspondence: S. Agha, Population Services
International, Research Division, 1120 Nineteenth Street NW, Suite 600,
Washington, D.C. 20036. Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
64:20327 Ayalew, Tekabe; Dejene, Amare;
Mekonnen, Yared. Unmet need and the demand for family
planning in Addis Ababa. Ethiopia Journal of Health Development,
Vol. 9, No. 1, 1995. 41-5 pp. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. In Eng.
"A study was conducted in 1993 to estimate the unmet need for
family planning service in Addis Ababa [Ethiopia].... The prevalence of
contraceptive use (met need) was 21.6% (162), indicating a great deal
of potential users and the need for appropriate method to reach them.
It was found that age, knowledge about contraception and level of
education of respondents were the most important factors affecting
unmet need and there was no significant interactive
effect."
Correspondence: T. Ayalew, National Research
Institute of Health, P.O. Box 1242, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:20328 Bratt, John H.; Foreit, James; de
Vargas, Teresa. Three strategies to promote sustainability
of CEMOPLAF clinics in Ecuador. Studies in Family Planning, Vol.
29, No. 1, Mar 1998. 58-68 pp. New York, New York. In Eng.
"The continuing trend of donor attention and resources away
from Latin America threatens the sustainability of nongovernmental
family planning organizations in that region. Managers can improve
sustainability through cost control, cost recovery, and income
generation. The Population Council's INOPAL II and INOPAL III projects
and Family Health International assisted CEMOPLAF, an Ecuadoran private
voluntary organization, in carrying out operations research in each of
these areas.... Results indicate that any one intervention will
probably have a limited impact, and that managers likely will need to
undertake several initiatives simultaneously to make significant
progress toward sustainability."
Correspondence: J. H.
Bratt, Family Health International, P.O. Box 13950, Research Triangle
Park, NC 27709. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:20329 Brown, Mark S.
Contraceptive prevalence and fertility: a different relationship in
Sub-Saharan Africa? In: Population dynamics: some past and
emerging issues, edited by Richard A. Powell, Eleuther A. Mwageni, and
Augustine Ankomah. 1996. 44-51 pp. University of Exeter, Institute of
Population Studies: Exeter, England. In Eng.
Although a very strong
correlation has been shown to exist between a population's total
fertility rate (TFR) and its level of contraceptive prevalence (CPR) in
much of the developing world, a distinctly weaker CPR/TFR correlation
seems to exist in Sub-Saharan Africa, with observed TFRs above expected
levels. "With the benefit of new data from the DHS, this paper
reviews the evidence for a different relationship between contraception
and fertility in Africa, and goes on to consider possible explanations
for higher than expected fertility. Finally, the focus moves to
consider the evidence for a changing relationship between CPR and TFR
over time, and possible implications for the likely course of an
African fertility transition."
Correspondence: M. S.
Brown, University of Liverpool, Department of Geography, Population
Unit, Liverpool L69 3BX, England. Location: British Library,
Document Supply Centre, Wetherby, England.
64:20330 Finer, Lawrence B.; Zabin, Laurie
S. Does the timing of the first family planning visit
still matter? Family Planning Perspectives, Vol. 30, No. 1,
Jan-Feb 1998. 30-3, 42 pp. New York, New York. In Eng.
"Nationally representative data from the 1982, 1988 and 1995
cycles of the [U.S.] National Survey of Family Growth were used to
examine changes in the timing of first family planning visits and to
explore the degree to which young women are now more likely than in the
past to practice contraception independently of making a visit to a
provider.... The proportion of women who waited a month or more after
their first intercourse to see a provider grew slightly between 1978
and 1995, from 76% to 79%; women waited a median of 22 months after
first intercourse in 1991-1995. Any contraceptive use at first
intercourse increased among both women who delayed a first visit (from
51% to 75%) and among those whose first visit occurred before their
first intercourse or within the same month (from 61% to
91%)."
This paper was originally presented at the 1997 Annual
Meeting of the Population Association of
America.
Correspondence: L. B. Finer, Johns Hopkins
University, School of Hygiene and Public Health, Population Center, 615
North Wolfe Street, Room 2300, Baltimore, MD 21205-2179. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:20331 Kaufman, Gayle.
Sterilisation of married couples: husband versus wife
sterilisation. Journal of Biosocial Science, Vol. 30, No. 1, Jan
1998. 1-14 pp. Cambridge, England. In Eng.
"Sterilisation has
been increasing in the United States in recent decades. Using the
National Survey of Families and Households, this paper examines
sterilisation among married couples using event history techniques,
viewing husband and wife sterilisation as competing risks. Wives are
more likely to experience sterilisation and at shorter durations of
marriage. Number of children has a curvilinear effect on sterilisation,
increasing and then decreasing its likelihood. Wives who are older than
their husbands are more likely to get sterilised themselves. Black and
Hispanic husbands are more likely to undergo
sterilisation."
Correspondence: G. Kaufman, Brown
University, Population Studies and Training Center, Box 1916,
Providence, RI 02912. Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
64:20332 Khan, M. E.; Cernada,
George. Spacing as an alternative strategy: India's family
welfare programme. ISBN 81-7018-837-7. LC 96-904383. 1996. xii,
244 pp. B. R. Publishing: Delhi, India. In Eng.
This book is an
outcome of a national seminar on alternative strategies for promoting
family planning spacing methods in India. The 14 articles are divided
into four sections. The first section, entitled India's Family Welfare
Programme: current situation, consists of the following three articles:
Promoting spacing: a step towards paradigm shift, by M. E. Khan and
George P. Cernada; Birth spacing methods in the Indian Family Welfare
Programme, by S. B. Mishra; and Demographic impact of family planning
programme in India: a statistical analysis, by S. Rajagopal. The second
section, entitled User and women's perspective, consists of the
following two articles: Promoting contraceptive choices in the Indian
programme: women's perspectives, by Shireen Jejeebhoy and Sumati
Kulkarni; and Women's perspectives in the use of family planning
spacing methods, by Sandhya Barge. The third section, entitled
Improving the quality of services, consists of the following four
articles: Factors influencing IUD retention in Northern Karnataka, by
P. N. Mari Bhat and J. B. Hasalkar; Factors influencing choice of a
contraceptive and the reasons for its discontinuation, by M. M.
Gandotra and N. P. Das; Choice, acceptance and continuation of spacing
methods in India, by Prem P. Talwar; and Quality of family welfare
services in increasing the acceptance and continuation of
contraception: the case of India, by N. P. Das. The fourth section,
entitled Improving programme strategies, consists of the following five
articles: Strategic perspectives on promoting spacing methods, by J. K.
Satia; Social marketing: an innovation towards population control, by
V. K. Sharma and R. L. Narasimhan; Social marketing of condoms in
India: a trend analysis for the period 1981-91, by R. Narasimhan and M.
E. Khan; Role of community-based contraceptive distribution in
promoting spacing methods of family planning, by I. C. Tiwari; and
Present status and future directions for increasing the use of
information, education and communication for promoting spacing methods,
by Harish Khanna.
Correspondence: B. R. Publishing, A-6
Nimri Commercial Centre, Near Bharat Nagar, Ashok Vihar, Phase IV,
Delhi 110 052, India. Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
64:20333 Khan, Mehrab A.; Rahman,
Mizanur. Determinants of contraceptive method choice in
rural Bangladesh. Asia-Pacific Population Journal, Vol. 12, No. 3,
Sep 1997. 65-82 pp. Bangkok, Thailand. In Eng.
"A multivariate
analysis of correlates of contraceptive method choice in 1983, 1990 and
1991 [in Bangladesh] was undertaken among national and regional samples
of women.... Programmatic, demographic and socio-cultural differentials
of contraceptive method-choice were documented." Factors
considered include visits by family planning program personnel, age,
parity, education, religion, and wife's and husband's approval of
family planning.
Correspondence: M. A. Khan, International
Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, Department of
Demography, G.P.O. Box 128, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:20334 Lee Poy, Petrina I.; Paxman, John
M. Contraceptive knowledge and use in Haiti: an element of
the fertility decline over the past two decades? [La conaissance
et la pratique de la contraception en Haïti: facteur de la baisse
de la fécondité depuis deux décennies?] Cahiers
Québécois de Démographie, Vol. 26, No. 1, 1997.
41-68 pp. Montreal, Canada. In Fre. with sum. in Eng; Spa.
"Haiti is one of the few countries that have had several
contraceptive prevalence surveys. With data covering an eighteen-year
period, it was possible to identify trends in contraceptive knowledge
and use in the country from 1977 to 1995. Despite an increase in
prevalence, the impact of contraceptive use on fertility has been
minimal compared to the other proximate
determinants."
Correspondence: P. I. Lee Poy, Boston
University, School of Public Health, 147 Bay Street Road, Boston, MA
02215. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:20335 Mathur, Hari M. The
family welfare programme in India. ISBN 0-7069-9854-5. 1995. xx,
202 pp. Vikas Publishing: New Delhi, India. In Eng.
This is a
selection of studies by various authors on aspects of the national
family planning program in India. The table of contents is as follows:
The family welfare programme in India--changing paradigm, by Ashish
Bose; Determinants and consequences of rapid population growth, by Prem
P. Talwar; Micro-level planning for family welfare services, by Jai
Satia, Dilip Mavalankar, and Bharti Sharma; Financing family welfare
programme, by Dinesh Paul; Private sector inputs in family planning
programme, by Nirmal Sawhney; Improving the quality of family welfare
services, by G. Giridhar and Seema Pahariya; Social and cultural
influences on fertility behaviour, by Hari M. Mathur; Demand for family
planning among scheduled castes and scheduled tribes, by T. K. Roy and
Balram Paswan; Fertility transition in India--problems and prospects,
by K. B. Pathak and B. S. Singh.
Correspondence: Vikas
Publishing House Pvt, 576 Masjid Road, Jangpura, New Delhi 110 014,
India. Location: Syracuse University Library, Syracuse, NY.
64:20336 Miles-Doan, Rebecca; Brewster, Karin
L. The impact of type of employment on women's use of
prenatal-care services and family planning in urban Cebu, the
Philippines. Studies in Family Planning, Vol. 29, No. 1, Mar 1998.
69-78 pp. New York, New York. In Eng.
"This study re-evaluates
the relationship of urban women's employment to their health-service
and contraceptive use, drawing on data from the Cebu Longitudinal
Health and Nutrition Survey. Multivariate analyses reveal significant
differences across types of work for the likelihood of both obtaining
timely prenatal care and practicing contraception at one year
postpartum. Wage workers in white-collar jobs are significantly more
likely than those not employed for pay to have obtained prenatal care
and are substantially more likely to have adopted a contraceptive
method in the year following childbirth. Women who are self-employed
also are significantly more likely than those not employed for pay to
be using contraceptives."
Correspondence: R.
Miles-Doan, Florida State University, Center for the Study of
Population, 654 Bellamy Building, Tallahassee, FL 32306. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:20337 Miles-Doan, Rebecca; Brewster, Karin
L. The impact of work sector on women's use of family
planning and prenatal care services in Cebu Province, the
Philippines. Center for the Study of Population Working Paper, No.
97-136, [1997]. 23, [4] pp. Florida State University, College of Social
Sciences, Center for the Study of Population: Tallahassee, Florida. In
Eng.
"This study reevaluates the relationships between
employment and contraceptive use, and employment and health service
use, using data from a longitudinal survey of a 12-month birth cohort
of 3,000 Filipino infants and their mothers. It compares groups of
mothers using a more detailed measure of employment than previous
studies and one that captures those aspects of work most likely to
engender a sense of autonomy and control." Data are from the Cebu
Longitudinal Health and Nutrition Survey conducted in the
Philippines.
Correspondence: R. Miles-Doan, Florida State
University, Center for the Study of Population, Bellamy 654,
Tallahassee, FL 32306. E-mail: rmiles@coss.fsu.edu. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:20338 Mitchell, Janet B.; McCormack, Lauren
A. Access to family planning services: relationship with
unintended pregnancies and prenatal outcomes. Journal of Health
Care for the Poor and Underserved, Vol. 8, No. 2, May 1997. 141-52 pp.
Thousand Oaks, California. In Eng.
"Family planning services
are important because they can prevent unintended pregnancies and
improve prenatal outcomes. This paper uses secondary data to analyze
trends in access to family planning services, with a particular focus
on poor women and young women. Trends from the 1980s showed a small
decline in family planning visits and an upsurge in the percentage of
births that were unwanted at the time of conception. These changes were
particularly marked for poor women. Over the same decade, public
expenditures for contraceptive services declined dramatically. The
health insurance system with respect to family planning must be
modernized to meet the needs of women and couples
today."
Correspondence: J. B. Mitchell, Center for
Health Economics Research, 300 Fifth Avenue, 6th Floor, Waltham, MA
02154. Location: Cornell University Library, Ithaca, NY.
64:20339 Ocholla-Ayayo, A. B. C.
Sociocultural influence on family-planning acceptance in Africa:
special reference to Kenya. African Anthropology/Anthropologie
Africaine, Vol. 1, No. 1-2, 1994. 31-48 pp. Yaoundé, Cameroon.
In Eng.
"Although it has been observed in several countries
that low fertility is associated with high income, the influence of
income on fertility is closely linked to other social, cultural and
economic variables, particularly to the level of education, economic
activity, status and occupations of women. The paper will therefore
critically analyse these factors [against] the background of
social-cultural structures and processes vis-à-vis the present
population policies in Kenya."
Correspondence: A. B.
C. Ocholla-Ayayo, University of Nairobi, Population Studies and
Research Institute, P.O. Box 30197, Nairobi, Kenya. Location:
University of Illinois Library, Urbana, IL.
64:20340 Peipert, Jeffrey F.; Domagalski,
Lisa; Boardman, Lori; Daamen, Maxim; McCormack, William M.; Zinner,
Stephen H. Sexual behavior and contraceptive use: changes
from 1975 to 1995 in college women. Journal of Reproductive
Medicine, Vol. 42, No. 10, Oct 1997. 651-7 pp. St. Louis, Missouri. In
Eng.
"The objective of this study was to compare the sexual
practices and contraceptive use in a sample of [336] college women in
1995 with women surveyed [in Rhode Island] in 1975, 1986 and 1989....
The proportions of women who were sexually experienced, number of
life-time male sexual partners, number of male sexual partners in the
past year and frequencies of specific sexual practices were similar
over the four survey times. Condom use was reported as the usual method
of contraception in 7% of sexually experienced women in 1975, 14% in
1986, 25% in 1989 and 46% in 1995...."
Correspondence:
J. F. Peipert, Women and Infants' Hospital, 101 Dudley Street,
Providence, RI 02905. Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
64:20341 Peterson, Linda S.; Oakley, Deborah;
Potter, Linda S.; Darroch, Jacqueline E. Women's efforts
to prevent pregnancy: consistency of oral contraceptive use.
Family Planning Perspectives, Vol. 30, No. 1, Jan-Feb 1998. 19-23 pp.
New York, New York. In Eng.
"This article explores the
predictors of inconsistent [oral contraceptive] use in a nationally
representative sample of U.S. women aged 15-44.... Data on 1,485 pill
users participating in the 1995 National Survey of Family Growth are
used to describe users' characteristics, and logistic regression
analyses are conducted to identify factors that predict inconsistent
use.... While 85% of pill users rely solely on the pill, 15% also use
another method. Overall, 16% of users are inconsistent in their
pill-taking.... Among users of the pill only, Hispanic and non-Hispanic
black women have a significantly increased likelihood of inconsistent
use...as do those who recently began use...and those who have had an
unintended pregnancy...."
This paper was originally presented
at the 1997 Annual Meeting of the Population Association of
America.
Correspondence: L. S. Peterson, U.S. National
Center for Health Statistics, 6525 Belcrest Road, Hyattsville, MD
20782. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:20342 Piccinino, Linda J.; Mosher, William
D. Trends in contraceptive use in the United States:
1982-1995. Family Planning Perspectives, Vol. 30, No. 1, Jan-Feb
1998. 4-10, 46 pp. New York, New York. In Eng.
"Information on
current contraceptive use was collected from a representative sample of
women of reproductive age in the 1995 [U.S.] National Survey of Family
Growth (NSFG). This information is compared with similar data from 1982
and 1988 to examine trends in use, both overall and in social and
demographic subgroups.... The proportion of U.S. women using a
contraceptive method rose from 56% in 1982 to 60% in 1988 and 64% in
1995. As in 1982 and 1988, female sterilization, the pill and the male
condom were the most widely used methods in 1995. Between 1988 and
1995, the proportion of users relying on the pill decreased from 31% to
27%, while condom use rose from 15% to 20%.... The decline in pill and
diaphragm use and the increase in reliance on condoms suggest that
concerns about HIV and other sexually transmitted diseases are changing
patterns of method use among unmarried
women."
Correspondence: L. J. Piccinino, U.S. National
Center for Health Statistics, Reproductive Statistics Branch, 6525
Belcrest Road, Hyattsville, MD 20782. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
64:20343 Salway, Sarah; Nurani,
Sufia. Postpartum contraceptive use in Bangladesh:
understanding users' perspectives. Studies in Family Planning,
Vol. 29, No. 1, Mar 1998. 41-57 pp. New York, New York. In Eng.
"Qualitative and quantitative data are used to explore
postpartum contraceptive use in two populations in Bangladesh. Findings
from in-depth interviews with contraceptive users illustrate that women
are primarily concerned with their own and their newborn child's health
and well-being in the period following childbirth. In addition, women
are aware of a diminished risk of pregnancy during the period of
postpartum amenorrhea. These perceptions, plus a belief that modern
methods of contraception are `strong' and potentially damaging to
health, mean that the majority of women are reluctant to adopt family
planning methods soon after birth, despite a desire to avoid closely
spaced pregnancies. Supplementation of the child's diet is also shown
to be an important factor determining the timing of postpartum
contraceptive initiation."
Correspondence: S. Salway,
London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Centre for Population
Studies, Department of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, 49-51
Bedford Square, London WC1B 3DP, England. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
64:20344 Suchindran, C. M. An
alternative measure of fertility control. Janasamkhya, Vol. 12,
No. 1-2, 1994. 29-42 pp. Kariavattom, India. In Eng.
"A
measure of fertility control is proposed as a simple modification of
the Anderson-Silver Index, viz., the proportion of all births from the
age-specific fertility schedules that occurs among women by age 35. The
proposed measure has three components, one of which is the
Anderson-Silver measure. The age gap ratio based on the mean age at
childbearing among women having children after age 35 and the Gini
Coefficient measuring average length of exposure to childbearing after
age 35 form the other two components. Illustrations of the proposed
index [using data from the World Fertility Survey and the Demographic
and Health Surveys] and its components show that when all three
components change in the same direction, any one of the index members
can be used to order fertility control in the population. However, when
the components indicate conflicting directions, a combined measure
called the Sen Index proposed here as a measure of fertility control
can provide an Index preserving some coherence of the differences in
the components."
Correspondence: C. M. Suchindran,
University of North Carolina, Carolina Population Center, University
Square, CB 8120, 124 East Franklin Street, Chapel Hill, NC 27516-3997.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:20345 Visaria, Leela. The
unmet need for family planning: an analysis of panel data from rural
Gujarat. Gujarat Institute of Development Research Working Paper,
No. 85, ISBN 81-85820-43-0. May 1997. iv, 28 pp. Gujarat Institute of
Development Research: Ahmedabad, India. In Eng.
"This paper
attempts to analyse data collected at two points with an interval of
six years, to understand the extent to which (a) women, who did not
want any additional children or have unmet need for family planning,
convert it into a demand for and use of contraception and (b) women,
who desire additional children, resort to using contraception. The
study was undertaken in rural areas of two tribal districts of
Gujarat-Bharuch and Panchmahals [India]."
Correspondence:
Gujarat Institute of Development Research, Near Gota Char Rasta,
Gota, Ahmedabad 382 481, India. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
64:20346 Wembah-Rashid, J. A. R.
Traditional fertility regulation and child-spacing practices: a
Tanzanian matrilineal tradition of child spacing. African
Anthropology/Anthropologie Africaine, Vol. 1, No. 1-2, 1994. 49-58 pp.
Yaoundé, Cameroon. In Eng.
The author discusses fertility
regulation and child-spacing practices in traditional societies using
the example of Tanzania. "The matrilineal tradition of Tanzania
appears, at least outwardly, to retain its old form in terms of
beliefs, customs and practices related to fertility regulation and
child spacing. It is, however, giving way to external pressures from
the patrilineal tradition and contemporary social, economic, religious
and political realities operating on the
ground."
Correspondence: J. A. R. Wembah-Rashid,
University of Nairobi, Institute of African Studies, P.O. Box 30197,
Nairobi, Kenya. Location: University of Illinois Library,
Urbana, IL.
64:20347 Westoff, Charles F.; Bankole,
Akinrinola. The time dynamics of unmet need: an example
from Morocco. International Family Planning Perspectives, Vol. 24,
No. 1, Mar 1998. 12-4, 24 pp. New York, New York. In Eng. with sum. in
Spa; Fre.
"The availability of data from a national
longitudinal study made it possible to track Moroccan women who were
classified in 1992 as having an unmet need for family planning over the
following three years." Results indicate that "unmet need
declined by about 43% over a three-year period among a sample of women
interviewed both in 1992 and 1995. While 29% of women in need were
still in need three years later (mostly to limit births), 35% had
adopted a method by 1995, and another 36% had moved into the `other, no
need' category, which includes women trying to get pregnant and
infecund women. Religious objections or the husband's opposition were
the obstacles to using contraceptives that were most difficult to
overcome."
Correspondence: C. F. Westoff, Princeton
University, Office of Population Research, 21 Prospect Avenue,
Princeton, NJ 08544-2091. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
64:20348 World Health Organization [WHO]
(Geneva, Switzerland). Communicating family planning in
reproductive health: key messages for communicators. Pub. Order
No. WHO/FRH/FPP/97.33. 1997. xxi, 56 pp. Geneva, Switzerland. In Eng.
"Communicating the benefits of family planning to individuals,
communities, and policy makers is the first step in making services
more accessible.... [This report] synthesizes the lessons learned from
years of research and experience of family planning programmes around
the world." Chapters are included on women's health, child health,
family well-being, contraceptive choices, contraceptive safety,
sexually transmitted disease prevention, needs of adolescents, and male
responsibility.
Correspondence: World Health Organization,
Family Planning and Population, Avenue Appia, 1211 Geneva 27,
Switzerland. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:20349 Yusuf, Farhat; Siedlecky, Stefania;
Leeder, Stephen. Female sterilisation in New South Wales,
1981 to 1994-1995. Actuarial Studies and Demography Research
Paper, No. 7-97, ISBN 1-86408-398-0. Nov 1997. 17 pp. Macquarie
University, School of Economic and Financial Studies: Sydney,
Australia. In Eng.
The authors investigate the decline in the
popularity of female sterilization in New South Wales, Australia, since
1981. They analyze "not only the temporal changes in incidence but
also the socio-demographic characteristics of patients, diagnoses, and
associated procedures."
Correspondence: Macquarie
University, School of Economic and Financial Studies, Actuarial Studies
and Demography Department, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia. E-mail:
lschalch@efs.mq.edu.au. Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
64:20350 Zhao, Hongxin; Rao, K. V.
Trends and differentials in female contraceptive sterilization in
the United States: what has changed? What has not? Genus, Vol. 53,
No. 3-4, Jul-Dec 1997. 199-214 pp. Rome, Italy. In Eng. with sum. in
Ita; Fre.
"Using data from the 1976 and 1988 cycles of the
National Survey of Family Growth (NSFG), we employed discrete-time
logistic regression to determine factors associated with the timing of
female contraceptive sterilization and changes in the relative
importance of the covariates in a sample of ever-married women who want
no more children during this twelve-year period. The analysis suggests
that parity, marital status, poverty status and religion are important
predictors in both surveys. Age at first marriage, planning status of
last birth, region and race fail to emerge as important predictors in
the 1988 NSFG, but are important in the 1976 NSFG. Surprisingly,
educational attainment does not show its significant effect on the
likelihood of sterilization in either
year."
Correspondence: H. Zhao, Princeton University,
Office of Population Research, 21 Prospect Avenue, Princeton, NJ
08544-2091. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
Selected studies on the medical aspects of fertility control methods, including studies on side effects and use-effectiveness.
64:20351 Diczfalusy, Egon. The
contraceptive revolution. An era of scientific and social
development. ISBN 1-85070-748-0. LC 96-34919. 1996. xvi, 240 pp.
Parthenon Publishing Group: Pearl River, New York/Carnforth, England.
In Eng.
This book is based on a number of lectures given by the
author on various population issues over the period 1978-1997, most of
which have been previously published. The general focus is on the
contraceptive revolution and the evolution of the concept of
reproductive health. Most of the papers examine an aspect of research
to develop new, safe, and effective methods of
contraception.
Correspondence: Parthenon Publishing Group,
One Blue Hill Plaza, P.O. Box 1564, Pearl River, NY 10965.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:20352 Guillebaud, John. The
pill and other forms of hormonal contraception. 5th ed. ISBN
0-19-828317-2. 1997. xviii, 302 pp. Oxford University Press: Oxford,
England. In Eng.
This is an updated edition of a basic handbook on
hormonal contraception designed for the general reader. It spells out
both the advantages and disadvantages of oral contraceptives to enable
the reader to make informed choices about the various methods. It also
attempts to distinguish facts about the pill from hearsay. Information
is included on frequently asked questions about the pill, useful
addresses, a world directory of pill names, and a
glossary.
Correspondence: Oxford University Press, Great
Clarendon Street, Oxford OX2 6DP, England. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
64:20353 Hardon, Anita.
Contesting claims on the safety and acceptability of anti-fertility
vaccines. Reproductive Health Matters, No. 10, Nov 1997. 68-81 pp.
London, England. In Eng. with sum. in Fre; Spa.
"This paper
describes the controversy surrounding anti-fertility vaccines, focusing
on the anti-hCG vaccine. It deals first with the rationale that
researchers give for the development of anti-fertility vaccines, and
the specific requirements that they set for the new contraceptive
method.... This paper shows how the scientists' discourse on safety and
acceptability of the technology to future users has changed in response
to the critique of women's health advocates. Finally, it reflects on
the role of women's health advocates in contraceptive technology
development, and the responses of researchers to their
actions."
Correspondence: A. Hardon, University of
Amsterdam, Anthropological Sociological Center, Medical Anthropology
Unit, Oudezijds Achterburgwal 185, 1012 DK Amsterdam, Netherlands.
E-mail: hardon@pscw.uva.nl. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
64:20354 Kambic, Robert T. The
effectiveness of natural family planning methods for birth spacing: a
comprehensive review. Hopkins Population Center Papers on
Population, No. 97-09, Sep 1997. 23, [9] pp. Johns Hopkins University,
School of Hygiene and Public Health, Johns Hopkins Population Center:
Baltimore, Maryland. In Eng.
The author reviews the effectiveness
of natural family planning methods for birth spacing. The paper
discusses "methodology topics as they relate to problems in NFP
[natural family planning] studies.... It will then review the three
methods of data collection: the survey, the retrospective, and [the]
prospective study, along with problems and sources of error in studies.
Next it examines pregnancy analysis in NFP clinics and discusses the
reporting of results. The paper discusses sources of data for the
analysis and the results of the analysis."
Correspondence:
R. T. Kambic, Johns Hopkins University, School of Hygiene and
Public Health, Department of Population Dynamics, Room 4028, 615 North
Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21205. E-mail: bkambic@jhsph.edu.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:20355 Spruyt, Alan; Steiner, Markus J.;
Joanis, Carol; Glover, Lucinda H.; Piedrahita, Carla; Alvarado, Gloria;
Ramos, Rebecca; Maglaya, Cesar; Cordero, Milton.
Identifying condom users at risk for breakage and slippage:
findings from three international sites. American Journal of
Public Health, Vol. 88, No. 2, Feb 1998. 239-44 pp. Washington, D.C. In
Eng.
"This study examined whether past condom failure
(breakage, slippage, or both) can predict future failure and evaluated
other predictors of condom failure." The study was conducted in
1994 at sites in Mexico, the Philippines, and the Dominican Republic.
The results suggest that "a history of condom failure predicts
future failure, a finding that may be useful for targeted intervention.
Moreover, these data provide further evidence that certain behaviors
and lower educational attainment are associated with condom
failure."
Correspondence: A. Spruyt, Family Health
International, P.O. Box 13950, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709.
Location: Princeton University Library (SZ).
64:20356 United Nations Development Programme
[UNDP] (New York, New York); United Nations Population Fund [UNFPA]
(New York, New York); World Health Organization [WHO] (Geneva,
Switzerland); World Bank. Special Programme of Research, Development
and Research Training in Human Reproduction (Geneva,
Switzerland). Long-term reversible contraception: twelve
years of experience with the TCu380A and TCu220C. Contraception,
Vol. 56, No. 6, Dec 1997. 341-52 pp. New York, New York. In Eng.
"Few data on the long-term efficacy of intrauterine devices
(IUD) are available, and this article reports on the final 12-year
experience with the TCu220C and TCu380A devices from two randomized,
multicenter trials conducted in 24 centers. A total of 3,277 and 1,396
women, respectively, were recruited for use of each device between 1981
and 1986.... We conclude that both devices are safe and effective for
at least 12 years of use and the low pregnancy rate with the TCu380A is
comparable with that reported in the United States among women who had
undergone tubal sterilization."
Correspondence: P. J.
Rowe, World Health Organization, Special Programme of Research,
Development and Research Training in Human Reproduction, 1211 Geneva
27, Switzerland. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:20357 Wang, Duolao. The
socio-demographic determinants of contraceptive failure in China.
In: Population dynamics: some past and emerging issues, edited by
Richard A. Powell, Eleuther A. Mwageni, and Augustine Ankomah. 1996.
52-9 pp. University of Exeter, Institute of Population Studies: Exeter,
England. In Eng.
"This study tries to explore the
socio-demographic and contraceptive use factors affecting the
occurrence of contraceptive failure during the first eight-and-a-half
years of contraceptive use by method. The data are derived from the
China Two-Per-Thousand Fertility Survey, which collected information on
the complete fertility and contraceptive history of currently married
women aged 15-57, on 27 methods of contraceptive use as well as on
women's background characteristics. This makes it possible to examine
the determinants of contraceptive failure. The purpose of this study is
to identify what the determinants of contraceptive failure are and how
they vary by method."
Correspondence: D. Wang, London
School of Economics and Political Science, Centre for Population
Studies, Houghton Street, Aldwych, London WC2A 2AE, England.
Location: British Library, Document Supply Centre, Wetherby,
England.
Studies evaluating either the demographic impact or other criteria of effectiveness of family planning programs.
64:20358 Audinarayana, N.
Determinants of maternal and child immunisation and family planning
acceptance: an inter-state analysis. Journal of Family Welfare,
Vol. 43, No. 1, Mar 1997. 30-6 pp. Mumbai, India. In Eng.
"Maternal and child health (MCH) services constitute important
components of the Indian family welfare programme.... This
paper...attempts to examine some of the socioeconomic, programme
implementation and communication factors and their relationship with
MCH and family planning performance in the major Indian states
using...the 1991 Census of India, and the Family Welfare Year Book,
1990-91."
Correspondence: N. Audinarayana, Bharathiar
University, Department of Population Studies, Coimbatore 641 046,
India. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:20359 Kim, Young Mi; Kols, Adrienne;
Mucheke, Stephen. Informed choice and decision-making in
family planning counseling in Kenya. International Family Planning
Perspectives, Vol. 24, No. 1, Mar 1998. 4-11, 42 pp. New York, New
York. In Eng. with sum. in Spa; Fre.
"To develop a practical
understanding of the concept of informed choice...we explored the
nature of family planning decision-making during client-provider
consultations in Kenya.... Family planning providers in Kenya do appear
to recognize the essential elements of informed choice and understand
the importance of offering clients information about a variety of
methods and of letting clients make their own decisions....
Nonetheless, informed choice is not fully realized in these sessions.
Clients may not understand how the often generic information offered by
providers relates to their own needs. They also may need help in
weighing the advantages and disadvantages of different methods or in
verifying that their preferred method is
suitable."
Correspondence: Y. M. Kim, Johns Hopkins
University, Center for Communication Programs, Population Information
Program, 111 Market Place, Suite 310, Baltimore, MD 21202-4012. E-mail:
ccp@charm.net. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:20360 Maternowska, M. Catherine.
Community, clinic and culture: a case study of the impact of family
planning in Haiti. In: International Population
Conference/Congrès International de la Population: Beijing,
1997, Volume 2. 1997. 737-55 pp. International Union for the Scientific
Study of Population [IUSSP]: Liège, Belgium. In Eng.
Using a
political economy of fertility framework, and aided by insights from
medical anthropology, the author examines the social and political
impact of a family planning program in a poor urban community in Haiti.
"On the local level, it connects the household, community and
family planning clinic in Cité Soleil to challenge widely
accepted assumptions about the positive and empowering effects of
family planning interventions. An in-depth look at the programme
reveals obstacles that women and men face in attempting to achieve
fertility regulation when their reproductive health is relentlessly
compromised by economic, political and social inequities. Rather than
empowering women and men by offering them access to care and increased
reproductive freedom, this programme has served to undermine people's
health and rights."
Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
64:20361 Mturi, Akim J.; Curtis, Siân
L. Fertility, infant mortality and family planning policy
in Tanzania. In: Population dynamics: some past and emerging
issues, edited by Richard A. Powell, Eleuther A. Mwageni, and Augustine
Ankomah. 1996. 36-43 pp. University of Exeter, Institute of Population
Studies: Exeter, England. In Eng.
"This paper analyses the
potential impact of the Tanzania family planning programme on the
[infant mortality rate] through changing reproductive patterns in the
country. We first estimate the potential reductions in infant mortality
that could be achieved if government policies to eliminate all
high-risk childbearing through the use of family planning are
successful.... Since complete elimination of all high-risk births is
unrealistic, the paper then examines the anticipated change in infant
mortality if increases in contraceptive use result in a realistic
favourable family formation pattern. This is done by imposing the
family formation pattern of Zimbabwe, which experiences a much higher
contraceptive prevalence rate...than Tanzania and has a relatively
favourable family formation pattern. Finally, a third possible scenario
is examined in which government policies fail and increases in family
planning are actually associated with the adoption of a less favourable
family formation pattern, as often occurs during fertility
transition.... This is done by imposing the family formation patterns
of Brazil, which experiences high levels of contraceptive use and yet
also experiences a relatively unfavourable family formation pattern.
The last section of the paper discusses the policy implications of the
results."
Correspondence: A. J. Mturi, University of
Southampton, Department of Social Statistics, Southampton SO9 5NH,
England. Location: British Library, Document Supply Centre,
Wetherby, England.
64:20362 Reddy, P. H. Population
programme in Ninth Plan. Economic and Political Weekly, Vol. 33,
No. 5, Jan-Feb 1998. 239-44 pp. Mumbai, India. In Eng.
"The
Approach Paper to the Ninth Five-Year Plan (1997-2002) [in India] has
identified the three factors that contribute to population growth as:
the large population in the reproductive age, higher fertility due to
unmet need for family planning and high wanted fertility due to high
infant mortality rate. How much do these factors contribute to
population growth? Although the paper recognises the need for promotion
of male participation in family planning, no strategy is spelled out.
Other issues like the need to promote spacing methods, incentives and
disincentives, family planning targets, demographic goals, etc, are not
even mentioned in the Approach Paper."
Location:
Princeton University Library (PF).
64:20363 Sarkar, Rajlaxmi; Walia, Indarjit;
Singh, Amarjeet. Client segmentation of eligible couples
in Chandigarh for family planning. Journal of Family Welfare, Vol.
43, No. 1, Mar 1997. 56-61 pp. Mumbai, India. In Eng.
The authors
discuss the effectiveness of India's family planning program, with a
focus on the need for "modern marketing strategies based on sound
data analysis and an action plan which suits the differential needs of
various segments of clients as opposed to the blanket approach used for
the entire population thus far. The present study was undertaken as an
exercise to try out this approach in a resettlement colony of
Chandigarh."
Correspondence: R. Sarkar, Post Graduate
Institute of Medical Education and Research, College of Nursing,
Chandigarh, India. Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
64:20364 Turan, Janet M.; Bulut, Aysen;
Nalbant, Hacer. The quality of family planning services in
two low-income districts of Istanbul. Turkish Journal of
Population Studies/Nüfusbilim Dergisi, Vol. 19, 1997. 3-24 pp.
Ankara, Turkey. In Eng. with sum. in Tur.
"This study was
developed to examine QOC [quality of care] in family planning services
in two low-income districts of [Istanbul, Turkey].... The results
indicate that trained women from the community without any medical
background (home visitors) can deliver relatively high quality of
family planning information and counseling. In contrast, it appears
that the quality of information and counseling being delivered by some
categories of health professionals in Istanbul is seriously lacking.
The multivariate analysis performed suggests that women's
characteristics and the type of family planning method they select may
also affect the quality of information and counseling that they
receive."
Correspondence: J. M. Turan, Istanbul
University, Institute of Child Health, Beyazit, Istanbul, Turkey.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:20365 Wang, Caroline C.; Vittinghoff, Eric;
Lu, Shu Hua; Wang, Hai Yun; Zhou, Mei Rong. Reducing
pregnancy and induced abortion rates in China: family planning with
husband participation. American Journal of Public Health, Vol. 88,
No. 4, Apr 1998. 646-8 pp. Washington, D.C. In Eng.
"This
study assessed the effectiveness of a family planning intervention with
and without husband's participation in reducing pregnancy and abortion
rates in Shanghai, China." The study involved 1,800 non-sterilized
married women. The results suggest that "family planning
interventions involving husbands may reduce pregnancy and abortion
rates among non-IUD users."
Correspondence: C. C.
Wang, University of Michigan, School of Public Health, Department of
Health Behavior and Health Education, 1420 Washington Heights, Ann
Arbor, MI 48109-2029. Location: Princeton University Library
(SZ).
Studies concerned with the interrelations between fertility control and attitudinal variables, including studies on wanted and unwanted pregnancy and children, motivation for parenthood, sex preference, and voluntary childlessness. Studies on knowledge, attitudes, and practice (KAP) of family planning and attitudes toward family size are classified under this heading.
64:20366 Adongo, Philip B.; Phillips, James
F.; Binka, Fred N. The influence of traditional religion
on fertility regulation among the Kassena-Nankana of northern
Ghana. Studies in Family Planning, Vol. 29, No. 1, Mar 1998. 23-40
pp. New York, New York. In Eng.
"This article presents
findings from a study of the influence of traditional religion on
reproductive preferences of Kassena-Nankana lineage heads in northern
Ghana. Seven reproductive preference questions were administered to
nine lineage heads who are primary practitioners of the cult of
soothsaying. With the assistance of soothsayers, interviews were
repeated in conjunction with the invocation of religious rites in order
to determine the views of ancestral spirits on the seven questions.
Pairs of lineage head and ancestral interviews are compared to
determine the role of traditional religion in shaping male reproductive
preferences. Interview pairs reflect a shared preference for sons,
large compounds, and a growing lineage. Findings nonetheless show that
some ancestral spirits want small families, some even wanting fewer
children than corresponding lineage heads."
Correspondence:
P. B. Adongo, Navrongo Health Research Centre, P.O. Box 114,
Navrongo, Upper East Region, Ghana. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
64:20367 Bankole, Akinrinola; Singh,
Susheela. Couples' fertility and contraceptive
decision-making in developing countries: hearing the man's voice.
International Family Planning Perspectives, Vol. 24, No. 1, Mar 1998.
15-24 pp. New York, New York. In Eng. with sum. in Spa; Fre.
"Demographic and Health Survey data collected in 18 developing
countries between 1990 and 1996 were used to directly compare husbands'
and wives' attitudes toward fertility and contraception. Logistic
regression analyses were conducted to examine how these attitudes
affect couples' contraceptive behavior.... Men and women in these
countries desire fairly large families; however, husbands tend to want
more children than their wives and to want the next child sooner.... In
most couples, either both spouses want more children or both want no
more, but in 10-26%, their desires differ. Modern method use is low in
most of these countries, but husbands are more likely than their wives
to report such use."
Correspondence: A. Bankole,
Princeton University, Office of Population Research, 21 Prospect
Avenue, Princeton, NJ 08544-2091. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
64:20368 Bhushan, Indu; Sirageldin,
Ismail. Education, fertility desires, and the perceived
cost of contraception. In: Population and development
transformations in the Arab world, edited by Ismail Sirageldin and
Eqbal Al-Rahmani. 1996. 103-29 pp. JAI Press: Greenwich,
Connecticut/London, England. In Eng.
Reasons for the continued
prevalence of unwanted fertility and unmet need for contraception in
Egypt are explored. The authors note that "the perceived cost of
contraception is higher than the economic cost even for educated
Egyptian women. The results, based on a multivariate simultaneous
system indicates that in the case of Egypt, low contraception use is
related more to noneconomic factors. A socioeconomic strategy that
takes account of prevailing values needs to be
developed."
Correspondence: I. Bhushan, Johns Hopkins
University, Baltimore, MD 21218. Location: Princeton
University Library (IR).
64:20369 Desai, Sonalde; Alva,
Soumya. Land redistribution: a population stabilisation
strategy? Economic and Political Weekly, Vol. 33, No. 10, Mar
7-13, 1998. 533-6 pp. Mumbai, India. In Eng.
"The current
preoccupation with debates on family planning vis-à-vis
development has meant a neglect of issues of equity and the nature of
development strategies. This neglect becomes particularly problematic
as theoretical models based on industrial societies are uncritically
applied to a labour surplus agrarian society. This paper focuses on one
such neglected aspect, the nature of land distribution. The authors
argue that in a predominantly agricultural setting land ownership plays
an important role in fertility decisions made by individual
parents." The primary geographical focus of the study is on
India.
Location: Princeton University Library (PF).
64:20370 Dupuis, Dave. What
influences people's plans to have children? Canadian Social
Trends, No. 48, Spring 1998. 2-5 pp. Ottawa, Canada. In Eng.
"This article uses data from the 1995 General Social Survey
(GSS) to examine some of the factors that influence the fertility
intentions of young adults aged 20 to 39 [in Canada]." The author
concludes that marital status, family history, education, and
religiosity all influence the number of children desired by
individuals.
Correspondence: D. Dupuis, University of
Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia V8W 2Y2, Canada. Location:
Princeton University Library (PR).
64:20371 East, Patricia L. Racial
and ethnic differences in girls' sexual, marital, and birth
expectations. Journal of Marriage and the Family, Vol. 60, No. 1,
Feb 1998. 150-62 pp. Minneapolis, Minnesota. In Eng.
"This
study examines potential racial and ethnic differences in early
adolescent [U.S.] girls' desired and perceived normative role timing
and the extent to which various socioeconomic and family factors and
school and job aspirations might be linked with girls' role-timing
expectations.... Results indicated that young women of different races
and ethnicities saw their life course unfold in different sequences
based on different timetables and independent of their socioeconomic
circumstances. Hispanics desired rapid transitions at a young age, and
Southeast Asians desired more gradual transitions at an older age.
Blacks perceived the greatest likelihood of nonmarital childbearing for
themselves, the longest normative interval between first sex and first
birth, but they desired the shortest interval between first marriage
and first birth." Data are from a survey of 574 girls attending
public junior high schools in Southern
California.
Correspondence: P. L. East, University of
California, San Diego Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, Mail
Code 8449, 200 West Arbor Drive, San Diego, CA 92103. E-mail:
peast@ucsd.edu. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:20372 Filmer, Deon; Pritchett,
Lant. Environmental degradation and the demand for
children: searching for the vicious circle. World Bank Policy
Research Working Paper, No. 1623, 1996. 50 pp. World Bank: Washington,
D.C. In Eng.
"Because of the important role that children play
in collection activities, the demand for children may increase as local
environmental resources are depleted, setting up a vicious circle
between resource depletion and population growth. Analysis of household
data from Pakistan yields some support for this hypothesis, although
the effect may be small and dependent on endogenous local property
rights." Data are from the 1991 Pakistan Integrated Household
Survey.
Correspondence: World Bank, Poverty and Human
Resources Division, Policy Research Department, 1818 H Street NW,
Washington, D.C. 20433. E-mail: sfallon@worldbank.org. Location:
Princeton University Library (FST).
64:20373 Henshaw, Stanley K.
Unintended pregnancy in the United States. Family Planning
Perspectives, Vol. 30, No. 1, Jan-Feb 1998. 24-9, 46 pp. New York, New
York. In Eng.
"Data from the 1982, 1988 and 1995 cycles of the
[U.S.] National Survey of Family Growth, supplemented by data from
other sources, are used to estimate 1994 rates and percentages of
unintended birth and pregnancy and the proportion of women who have
experienced an unintended birth, an abortion or both. In addition,
estimates are made of the proportion of women who will have had an
abortion by age 45.... Excluding miscarriages, 49% of the pregnancies
concluding in 1994 were unintended; 54% of these ended in abortion.
Forty-eight percent of women aged 15-44 in 1994 had had at least one
unplanned pregnancy sometime in their lives; 28% had had one or more
unplanned births, 30% had had one or more abortions and 11% had had
both. At 1994 rates, women can expect to have 1.42 unintended
pregnancies by the time they are 45, and at 1992 rates, 43% of women
will have had an abortion."
Correspondence: S. K.
Henshaw, Alan Guttmacher Institute, 120 Wall Street, New York, NY
10005. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:20374 Ignatczyk, Walentyna.
Procreative behaviours and attitudes of young marriages in Poland
according to their standard of living. Polish Population Review,
No. 11, 1997. 7-28 pp. Warsaw, Poland. In Eng.
"The paper
focuses on...whether the changing standards of living, housing and
financial status [have] a significant impact on the modification of the
family values system [in Poland]. We...attempted to identify to what
degree the standard of living of young marriages with married life to 7
years determined their pro family behaviours in the period of
socio-economic transformation in Poland."
Correspondence:
W. Ignatczyk, University of Economics, Family Research Centre, ul.
Niepodleglosci 10, 60-907 Poznan, Poland. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
64:20375 Kohlmann, Annette; Kopp,
Johannes. A bargaining model of the shift toward different
numbers of children. [Verhandlungstheoretische Modellierung des
Übergangs zu verschiedenen Kinderzahlen.] Zeitschrift für
Soziologie, Vol. 26, No. 4, Aug 1997. 258-74 pp. Stuttgart, Germany. In
Ger.
The factors affecting the decision to have a first, second, or
third child in Germany are examined. The authors look at various
economic models of fertility behavior and conclude that two theoretical
problems occur: on the one hand, these theories investigate the
maximization of household utilities instead of the individual utilities
of each spouse; on the other hand, it is assumed that the couple
decides how many children they will have only once (at the beginning of
the marriage). In contrast, this article attempts, in order to explain
current fertility decisions, to include the individual utilities of
wife and husband and, moreover, to model the decision as a sequential
process. In this way, it is possible to identify specific effects of
sociostructural variables with different
parities.
Correspondence: A. Kohlmann, Technische
Universität Chemnitz-Zwickau, Lehrstuhl für Allgemeine
Soziologie I, 09107 Chemnitz, Germany. E-mail:
annette.kohlmann@phil.tu-chemnitz.de. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
64:20376 Lockwood, Matthew. Sons
of the soil? Population growth, environmental change and men's
reproductive intentions in northern Nigeria. International Journal
of Population Geography, Vol. 3, No. 4, Dec 1997. 305-22 pp.
Chichester, England. In Eng.
"This paper is about two
radically different views of the relationship between population and
environment, based on detailed interviews with a small group of male
farmers in northern Nigeria. The study was aimed at understanding why
poor people in areas of environmental pressure and land scarcity
continue to have large families. Conventional academic explanations for
this, based on economic models, attach great importance to the
relationship between population growth, environmental change and the
assumed demand for children. However, the farmers interviewed perceived
these relationships in radically different ways from the models.... The
paper argues that these perceptions render the economic models
irrelevant, and are central to an understanding of male farmers'
reproductive intentions (and possibly the fertility behaviour of their
wives)."
Correspondence: M. Lockwood, c/o Christian
Aid, P.O. Box 100, London SE1 7RT, England. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:20377 Lodewijckx, Edith; Hendrickx,
Kristin. "The fear of forgetting my pill is enough to
make me ill." A qualitative study of Moroccan women.
["Alleen al de angst om de pil te vergeten maakt mij ziek."
Een kwalitatief onderzoek bij Marokkaanse vrouwen.] Bevolking en Gezin,
No. 2, 1996. 61-86 pp. Brussels, Belgium. In Dut. with sum. in Eng.
"Through interviews in focus groups Moroccan women [living in
Belgium] were questioned on their ideas, questions and knowledge and
also on their experiences and problems with contraceptives.... The role
of their husbands and the women's network were discussed....
Consideration was [also] given to the reasons why women become
unexpectedly pregnant and to abortion as a strategy for dealing with
unexpected pregnancies."
Correspondence: E.
Lodewijckx, Centrum voor Bevolkings- en Gezinsstudiën,
Markiesstraat 1, 1000 Brussels, Belgium. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
64:20378 Meekers, Dominique. The
effectiveness of targeted social marketing to promote adolescent
reproductive health: the case of Soweto, South Africa. PSI
Research Division Working Paper, No. 16, 1998. 35 pp. Population
Services International, Research Division: Washington, D.C. In Eng.
"This study analyzes the impact of the Society for Family
Health's adolescent reproductive health program in Soweto
(Johannesburg) [South Africa] on adolescents' perceptions regarding
sexual risks and preventive action, and on their sexual behavior and
use of protective measures.... The findings suggest that the
intervention was more effective in changing beliefs related to
pregnancy prevention than those related to STD/HIV
prevention."
Correspondence: Population Services
International, Research Division, 1120 Nineteenth Street NW, Suite 600,
Washington, D.C. 20036. E-mail: generalinfo@psiwash.org. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:20379 Mwageni, Eleuther A.
Family size preference and contraceptive behaviour among men in
Mbeya region, Tanzania. In: Population dynamics: some past and
emerging issues, edited by Richard A. Powell, Eleuther A. Mwageni, and
Augustine Ankomah. 1996. 60-6 pp. University of Exeter, Institute of
Population Studies: Exeter, England. In Eng.
"This paper
demonstrates the relationship between family size preference and men's
contraceptive behaviour. More specifically, the paper establishes the
levels and pattern of family size preferences. In addition, the paper
highlights the main influences upon family size." Data are from a
1994 survey of 600 men aged 15-50 in southwest
Tanzania.
Correspondence: E. A. Mwageni, University of
Exeter, Institute of Population Studies, Exeter EX4 4QS, England.
Location: British Library, Document Supply Centre, Wetherby,
England.
64:20380 Petro-Nustas, Wasileh.
Factors influencing husband-wife discussions of family planning and
the desired family size in Jordan. Dirasat, Medical and Biological
Sciences, Vol. 23, No. 2, 1996. 113-27 pp. Amman, Jordan. In Eng. with
sum. in Ara.
"The objective of this study is to probe into the
factors that account for husbands' involvement in spousal discussions
of family planning issues and the desired family size they opt for.
Data figures and statistics...are based on the 1990 Jordan Fertility
and Family Health Survey.... [Results] reveal that 58.8% of the women
in the sample do participate in spousal discussions on issues
concerning family planning...[and that] 57.6% of husbands (as reported
by their wives in the sample) agree with them on the number of children
they want...." The effects of wife's and husband's age, place of
residence, and level of education are examined.
Correspondence:
W. Petro-Nustas, University of Jordan, Faculty of Nursing, Amman,
Jordan. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:20381 Ragab, Ahmed R. A.; Ankomah,
Augustine; Ford, Nicholas J.; Powell, Richard A.
Understanding the pattern of contraceptive use and unmet need among
married women in Lower Rural Egypt. In: Population dynamics: some
past and emerging issues, edited by Richard A. Powell, Eleuther A.
Mwageni, and Augustine Ankomah. 1996. 657-73 pp. University of Exeter,
Institute of Population Studies: Exeter, England. In Eng.
"Although a review of the performance of family planning
programmes in nearly a hundred countries [in 1991 placed] Egypt at the
top of the moderate group, which represents a significant improvement
in programme performance..., there are still several inhibitions to the
use of contraceptives. This paper highlights some of the key cultural,
religious and other situational impediments to contraceptive use in
rural Egypt."
Correspondence: A. R. A. Ragab, Al-Azhar
University, International Islamic Centre for Population Studies and
Research, Cairo, Egypt. Location: British Library, Document
Supply Centre, Wetherby, England.
64:20382 Rajna, P. N.; Krishnamoorthy, D.
S. Regional variation in the synthetic cohort estimate of
mean desired family size in India. Journal of Family Welfare, Vol.
43, No. 1, Mar 1997. 45-50 pp. Mumbai, India. In Eng.
"In
recent times, there has been a search for a new index which would
predict immediate future fertility, and there are a few attempts at
estimating desired family size for a synthetic cohort from parity
specific proportions of women wanting more children and of women
wanting their last birth. Using data from the National Family Health
Survey 1992-93, this study uses mean desired family size estimates to
predict and analyse fertility of the states of
India."
Correspondence: P. N. Rajna, Bharathiar
University, Department of Population Studies, Coimbatore 641 046,
India. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:20383 Rasevic, Mirjana.
Population attitudes in the low-fertility region of Serbia.
[Populaciona klima na niskonatalitetnom podrucju Srbije.] Socioloski
Pregled/Sociological Review, Vol. 30, No. 2, Apr-Jun 1996. 205-15 pp.
Belgrade, Yugoslavia. In Scr. with sum. in Eng.
The author
investigates attitudes toward fertility and family formation in the
low-fertility region of Serbia. Data are from a sample of 201 Belgrade
women under age 40, who had decided to terminate their pregnancies.
Aspects considered include incidence and acceptance of induced
abortion; preference for abortion or contraception; awareness of
population problems; attitudes toward marriage, family life, and
children; self-interest; and differences between reproductive
intentions and behavior.
Correspondence: M. Rasevic,
Institut Drustvenih Nauka, Narodnog Fronta 45, Belgrade, Yugoslavia.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:20384 Rowland, Donald T.
Cross-national trends in childlessness. Working Papers in
Demography, No. 73, 1998. 31 pp. Australian National University,
Research School of Social Sciences, Demography Program: Canberra,
Australia. In Eng.
"This paper is intended to provide a
comparative and historical setting for the discussion of childlessness
and its implications in later life. The aim is to compare and explain
trends through time in the proportions childless in Western Europe and
in some other developed countries, especially the United States and
Australia. The experiences of birth cohorts of women born between 1900
and 1940 are the main focus."
Correspondence:
Australian National University, Research School of Social
Sciences, Demography Program, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:20385 van de Kaa, Dirk J.
Postmodern fertility preferences: from changing value orientation
to new behaviour. Working Papers in Demography, No. 74, 1998. 51
pp. Australian National University, Research School of Social Sciences,
Demography Program: Canberra, Australia. In Eng.
"In this
paper I aim to explore whether the term `postmodernism', or one of its
derivatives, could usefully have a place in demographic studies and
population analysis. I shall, more particularly, do so with reference
to the issue of fertility preferences in developed
societies."
Correspondence: Australian National
University, Research School of Social Sciences, Demography Program,
Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
64:20386 Zhao, Zhongwei.
Deliberate birth control under a high-fertility regime:
reproductive behavior in China before 1970. Population and
Development Review, Vol. 23, No. 4, Dec 1997. 729-67, 929, 931-2 pp.
New York, New York. In Eng. with sum. in Fre; Spa.
"Three
interrelated beliefs concerning fertility patterns in historical China
are widely held. The first suggests that fertility in Chinese history
was very high; the second holds that Chinese couples did not control
their fertility; and the third insists that the Chinese wanted to have
as many children as possible. This study investigates whether
deliberate fertility control was practiced in a selected Chinese
population that was largely unaffected by China's nationwide family
planning program, which began in the 1970s.... The evidence suggests
that traditional Chinese culture might not be as thoroughly pronatalist
as people commonly have supposed. Indeed, the fertility-regulating
practice found in the selected population and China's recent fertility
changes seem to indicate that some cultural beliefs might have played a
facilitating role in lowering high fertility. While most Chinese people
in the past did seek to have a son to continue their family line, a
considerable number of them might not have wanted as many children as
possible."
Correspondence: Z. Zhao, Australian
National University, Research School of Social Sciences, Demography
Program, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
64:20387 Zvidrins, Peteris.
Fertility preferences in Latvia. Revue Baltique, No. 10, 1997.
90-103 pp. Vilnius, Lithuania. In Eng.
"The current levels of
fertility and natural increase in Latvia are the lowest in history and
are among the lowest in the present-day world. Since 1989 the number of
births as well as special indicators of fertility [have been]
falling.... In this article we study some aspects of reproductive
preferences, using survey data. In particular, we are focusing on the
latest survey where some direct questions on fertility preferences were
included." Data are from the 1995 Latvian Fertility and Family
Survey, which involved 2,699 women and 1,501 men aged
18-49.
Correspondence: P. Zvidrins, University of Latvia,
Centre of Demography, Rainis Boulevard 19, Riga 226098, Latvia.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
Studies on induced abortion, including those on attitudes, with the exception of studies primarily concerned with government regulation of abortion, which are coded under M.2. Measures Affecting Fertility. Studies of spontaneous abortion appear under F.3. Sterility and Other Pathology.
64:20388 Aliaga Bruch, Sandra; Machicao
Barbery, Ximena. Abortion: a question not only for
women. [El aborto: una cuestión no sólo de mujeres.]
LC 96-196685. Nov 1995. 123 pp. Centro de Información y
Desarrollo de la Mujer (CIDEM): La Paz, Bolivia. In Spa.
This
report presents the results of a survey on abortion, which included 317
women associated with a university in Cochabamba, Bolivia. The survey
included questions on attitudes toward and experience of abortion;
sexual experience; contraception; pregnancy history; and knowledge of
sexually transmitted diseases and AIDS.
Correspondence:
Centro de Información y Desarrollo de la Mujer, La Paz,
Bolivia. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:20389 Cerjan-Letica, Gordana.
The conflict about abortion: impossibility of dialogue between the
pro-choice and pro-life movements. [Prijepor o pobacaju:
(ne)mogucnost dijaloga pokretâ Za izbor i za zivot.] Revija za
Sociologiju/Sociological Review, Vol. 28, No. 1-2, Jan-Jun 1997. 1-18
pp. Zagreb, Croatia. In Scr. with sum. in Eng.
"Reproduction
is...the locus of...two powerful and conflicting social movements:
pro-choice and pro-life. Using the sociological theories of social
movements as a general framework, and a theory of resource mobilization
as a specific approach, the author analyzes strategies, policies and
activities of the movements in the USA and
Croatia."
Correspondence: G. Cerjan-Letica,
Stomatoloski Fakultet Sveucilista u Zagrebu, Kneza Mislava 14, Zagreb
10000, Croatia. E-mail: Gordana.Cerjan-Letica@public.srce.hr.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:20390 Dolian, Gayane; Lüdicke, Frank;
Katchatrian, Naira; Morabia, Alfredo. Contraception and
induced abortion in Armenia: a critical need for family planning
programs in Eastern Europe. American Journal of Public Health,
Vol. 88, No. 5, May 1998. 803-5 pp. Washington, D.C. In Eng.
The
results of a pilot study on levels of induced abortion in Armenia are
presented. The data were collected from a consecutive series of 200
women attending an abortion clinic in Yerevan, Armenia, in 1994-1995.
"Women younger than 20 years of age reported a median of 1 and
women older than 40 years reported a median of 8 induced abortions in
their lifetimes (overall median=3). Lack of contraceptive information
was the major reason cited for not using
contraception."
Correspondence: A. Morabia, University
Hospital, Division of Clinical Epidemiology, Rue Micheli-du-Crest 25,
1211 Geneva 14, Switzerland. Location: Princeton University
Library (SZ).
64:20391 Edwards, Rem B. New
essays on abortion and bioethics. Advances in Bioethics, Vol. 2,
ISBN 0-7623-0194-5. 1997. xiii, 346 pp. JAI Press: Greenwich,
Connecticut/London, England. In Eng.
This is a collection of
studies by various authors on factual, valuational, religious, and
metaphysical issues relevant to abortion. The 10 studies are:
Ontogenesis of the brain in the human organism--definitions of life and
death of the human being and person, by Julius Korein; Abortion
procedures and abortifacients, by Jane E. Hodgson; Abortion and the
law--the supreme court, privacy, and abortion, by Frank H. Marsh;
Abortion and religion, by Nancy R. Howell; The Roman Catholic position
on abortion, by Robert Barry; "Conservative" views of
abortion, by Philip E. Devine; Moderate views of abortion, by L. W.
Sumner; Not drowning but waving--reflections on swimming through the
shark-infested waters of the abortion debate, by N. Ann Davis; An essay
on the moral status question, by Lewis M. Schwartz; and Public funding
of abortions and abortion counseling for poor women, by Rem B.
Edwards.
Correspondence: JAI Press, 55 Old Post Road, No.
2, Greenwich, CT 06836. Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
64:20392 Gorbach, Pamina M.; Hoa, Dao T.
Khanh; Nhan, Vu Quy; Tsui, Amy. Contraception and abortion
in two Vietnamese communes. American Journal of Public Health,
Vol. 88, No. 4, Apr 1998. 660-3 pp. Washington, D.C. In Eng.
The
relationship between contraceptive method chosen and induced abortion
is examined using data on two communes in northern Viet Nam; the data
were collected in a 1994 survey of 504 rural and 523 urban women.
"For the 13.6% of urban and 19% of rural commune women having had
an abortion in the previous year, logistic regression analyses
demonstrated that use of an intrauterine device reduced the likelihood
of subsequent abortion in both communes. Traditional method use in the
rural commune, however, increased women's likelihood of a subsequent
abortion."
Correspondence: P. M. Gorbach, University
of Washington, Center for AIDS and STD, 1001 Broadway, Suite 215, Box
359931, Seattle, WA 98122-4304. Location: Princeton University
Library (SZ).
64:20393 Huntington, Dale; Nawar, Laila;
Hassan, Ezzeldin O.; Youssef, Hala; Abdel-Tawab, Nahla.
The postabortion caseload in Egyptian hospitals: a descriptive
study. International Family Planning Perspectives, Vol. 24, No. 1,
Mar 1998. 25-31 pp. New York, New York. In Eng. with sum. in Spa; Fre.
The authors "assess the state of postabortion care [and]
estimate the rate of induced abortion in Egypt.... Among the 22,656
admissions to the obstetrics and gynecology departments during the
30-day study period, approximately one of every five patients (19%) was
a woman admitted for treatment of an induced or spontaneous abortion.
Projections yielded an estimated induced abortion rate in Egypt of 14.8
per 100 pregnancies.... Postabortion care could be improved if vacuum
aspiration under local anesthesia [were] used as the primary
postabortion treatment, and if adherence to antiseptic measures [were]
increased."
This paper was originally presented at the 1997
Annual Meeting of the Population Association of
America.
Correspondence: D. Huntington, Population Council,
Cairo, Egypt. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:20394 Karro, Helle. Abortion
in the framework of family planning in Estonia. Acta Obstetrica et
Gynecologica Scandinavica, Supplement, No. 164, 1997. 46-50 pp.
Copenhagen, Denmark. In Eng.
The legal status of abortion and
trends in childbirth, abortions, and contraceptive use in Estonia are
analyzed using "national statistical data on induced abortions,
spontaneous abortions, births and contraceptive use in Estonia.... Even
though induced abortion is legal in Estonia, the abortion rate has been
declining but is still high and in 1994 was 53.8 per 1,000 women of
fertile age. Among young women under 20 years of age, abortions
decreased slightly in the period 1992-94 (from 55.5 to 41.5 per 1,000).
The birth rate has been declining rapidly in recent years, resulting in
a net population reduction. The use of modern contraceptives is
increasing but is still low."
Correspondence: H.
Karro, Tartu University, Women's Clinic, Lossi 36, 2400 Tartu, Estonia.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:20395 Knudsen, Lisbeth B.
Induced abortions in Denmark. Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica
Scandinavica, Vol. 76, Suppl., No. 164, 1997. 54-9 pp. Copenhagen,
Denmark. In Eng.
"A law on Induced Abortion on Request came
into force in Denmark in 1973. During the first years the rate of
abortion increased but since the early 1980s the rate has been rather
constant. The paper reviews recent findings concerning induced abortion
and discusses its role in controlling fertility [using data from
official sources]". The results indicate that "fertility
trends in Denmark are characterized by an increasing age at first
birth. Half of the aborters today have no children before and 10% had
given birth less than 18 months earlier. Among aborters a higher
proportion than among parturients were still under education and a
higher proportion were single with no steady partner. Half of the
aborters became pregnant in spite of contraceptive use, indicating a
need for better contraceptives."
Correspondence: L. B.
Knudsen, Statistics Denmark, Sejrøgade 11, 2100 Copenhagen
Ø, Denmark. Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
64:20396 Kulczycki, Andrzej.
Religious systems and abortion: representation and reality.
In: International Population Conference/Congrès International de
la Population: Beijing, 1997, Volume 2. 1997. 781-801 pp. International
Union for the Scientific Study of Population [IUSSP]: Liège,
Belgium. In Eng.
"This paper attempts to survey religious
teachings on abortion, their implications, and how these are translated
into actual practice.... A secondary aim...is to examine the limiting
conditions on abortion and reproductive behaviour imposed by religious
teachings, as well as how women are affected by these structures and
cope with them.... This paper further analyses the interaction between
religion, culture and abortion, both as an ethical representation and
as a social reality." The geographical scope is
worldwide.
Correspondence: A. Kulczycki, American
University of Beirut, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of
Population Studies, Beirut, Lebanon. E-mail: andrzej@aub.edu.lb.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:20397 Medoff, Marshall H. A
pooled time-series analysis of abortion demand. Population
Research and Policy Review, Vol. 16, No. 6, Dec 1997. 597-605 pp.
Dordrecht, Netherlands. In Eng.
"This study estimates the
demand for abortion in the United States using state data pooled over
years 1992 and 1982. The empirical results showed that the price
elasticity of abortion demand ranged from -0.70 to -0.99 and an income
elasticity between 0.27 and 0.35. The demand for abortion was found (1)
not to be statistically related to a woman's educational level; (2) to
be higher the greater a state's taste for abortion; (3) coincident with
the business cycle; and (4) not to be related to the level of a state's
welfare payment."
Correspondence: M. H. Medoff,
California State University, Department of Economics, Long Beach, CA
90840-4607. E-mail: mmedoff@csulb.edu. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
64:20398 Wadhera, Surinder; Millar, Wayne
J. Marital status and abortion. [Etat matrimonial et
avortement.] Health Reports/Rapports sur la Santé, Vol. 9, No.
3, Winter 1997. 19-26; 19-27 pp. Ottawa, Canada. In Eng; Fre.
"This article examines the marital status of women who
obtained abortions between 1974 and 1994, with particular attention to
those who were married or in common-law relationships.... While
abortion rates were highest for single women, those who were married
(including common-law and separated) accounted for over one-quarter of
all abortions performed in 1994. Since 1974 the age-standardized
abortion rate per 1,000 married women aged 15 to 44 almost doubled from
6.6 to 11.2. For most of these women, it was their first abortion, and
the majority had taken at least one pregnancy to
term."
Correspondence: S. Wadhera, Statistics Canada,
Health Statistics Division, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0T6, Canada.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
Studies on lactation, nutrition, fecundability, sex behavior, menarche and menopause, and other biological factors or social customs as they affect fertility directly. Factors affecting contraceptive practice and factors affecting fertility indirectly are not included here.
64:20399 Abma, Joyce; Driscoll, Anne; Moore,
Kristin. Young women's degree of control over first
intercourse: an exploratory analysis. Family Planning
Perspectives, Vol. 30, No. 1, Jan-Feb 1998. 12-8 pp. New York, New
York. In Eng.
"While policymakers and researchers alike often
seem to believe that young women's decision to initiate sexual
intercourse is conscious and free of ambiguity, the actual degree of
control that such young women exert over first intercourse has rarely
been explicitly examined.... The 1995 [U.S.] National Survey of Family
Growth asked all women who had experienced intercourse to rate, on a
1-10 scale, the wantedness of their first intercourse; they were then
asked whether the experience was voluntary.... Twenty-four percent of
women aged 13 or younger at the time of their first premarital
intercourse report the experience to have been nonvoluntary, compared
with 10% of those aged 19-24 at first premarital intercourse.... Women
whose first partner was seven or more years older than themselves were
more than twice as likely as those whose first partner was the same age
or younger to choose a low value (36% vs. 17%). Women whose partner had
been seven or more years older were also less likely than other women
to have used contraceptives at first intercourse."
This paper
was originally presented at the 1997 Annual Meeting of the Population
Association of America.
Correspondence: J. Abma, U.S.
National Center for Health Statistics, 6525 Belcrest Road, Reproductive
Statistics Branch, Hyattsville, MD 20782. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
64:20400 Bhattacharya, B. N.; Yadava, K. N.
S.; Singh, S. R. J.; Yadava, G. S. A probability
distribution on the fertility of migrants: a model approach.
Genus, Vol. 53, No. 1-2, Jan-Jun 1997. 129-43 pp. Rome, Italy. In Eng.
with sum. in Ita; Fre.
"The present article proposes a
probability distribution to study the impact on fertility caused by
couple separation due to migration [in India]. Such distribution is
being tested using data from a field work in a rural area (3,514
families in 19 villages of Uttar Pradesh) known for its important
seasonal migrations. A high conception rate is observed among migrant
couples when they meet again after a long
separation."
Correspondence: B. N. Bhattacharya,
Indian Statistical Institute, Population Studies Unit, 203 Barrackpore
Trunk Road, Calcutta 700 035, India. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
64:20401 Mannan, Haider R.
Effects of lactation, contraception and other factors on birth
interval in Bangladesh: evidence from the 1989 BFS. Genus, Vol.
53, No. 1-2, Jan-Jun 1997. 145-57 pp. Rome, Italy. In Eng. with sum. in
Ita; Fre.
"This study, based on the 1989 Bangladesh Fertility
Survey (BFS), has identified breastfeeding duration as the principal
determinant of the last closed birth interval. Breastfeeding duration
adds 12.1 months to the average birth interval which is about 32
percent of the length of the average birth interval. It is found that
most women do not deliberately breastfeed their child for the purpose
of controlling fertility. The effect of contraceptive use on the birth
interval has increased over the past decade or so but only moderately.
The effects of various socio-economic factors on the birth interval are
transmitted primarily through the duration of
breastfeeding."
Correspondence: H. R. Mannan,
University of Dhaka, Department of Statistics, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh.
E-mail: duregstr@bangla.net. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
64:20402 Mukherjee, S.; Bhattacharya, B. N.;
Singh, K. K. Effect of breast-feeding on post-partum
amenorrhoea in eastern Uttar Pradesh. Janasamkhya, Vol. 12, No.
1-2, 1994. 107-31 pp. Kariavattom, India. In Eng.
"This study
analyses the average duration of Post-Partum Amenorrhoea (PPA) and
[the] effect of breast-feeding on the duration of PPA in a traditional
Indian society. A multivariate hazards model is applied to investigate
the effect of breast-feeding on the duration of PPA. The results
clearly show the contraceptive role of breast-feeding in prolonging the
duration before resumption of
menstruation."
Correspondence: S. Mukherjee, Indian
Statistical Institute, Population Studies Unit, 203 Barrackpore Trunk
Road, Calcutta 700 035, India. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
64:20403 Vitzthum, Virginia J.; Aguayo,
Víctor M. The ecology of breastfeeding: approaches
toward improvement of women's and children's health. American
Journal of Human Biology, Vol. 10, No. 2, 1998. 145-228 pp. New York,
New York. In Eng.
This special section contains seven studies on
aspects of breast-feeding in various countries around the world. The
studies examine both the benefits of breast-feeding for infant health
and its impact on maternal fecundity. "The articles in this
thematic collection...explore human lactation within an ecological
framework, with the goal of better understanding how variation in
breastfeeding behavior is generated in differing contexts. Such an
exploration provides new insights into the bases of variation in human
reproduction and infant health, and brings the research-based knowledge
to bear on the goals of improving women's and children's
well-being."
Correspondence: V. J. Vitzthum,
University of California, Department of Anthropology, Riverside, CA
92521-0418. E-mail: vitzthum@ucrac1.ucr.edu. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:20404 Zaba, Basia; Collumbien,
Martine. HIV and fertility: modelling the effects of
changes in union dynamics. In: International Population
Conference/Congrès International de la Population: Beijing,
1997, Volume 2. 1997. 583-609 pp. International Union for the
Scientific Study of Population [IUSSP]: Liège, Belgium. In Eng.
"The aim of this paper is to provide an overview of the likely
scale of the fertility changes due to the biological consequences of
HIV and due to structural changes arising from differential
vulnerability amongst women of varying fecundity. The scale and
direction of these fertility changes is compared with the probable
effects of some of the behavioural changes, by examining post HIV
fertility levels in populations which experience only those changes
associated with biological and structural factors, and in populations
which also display behaviour
modifications."
Correspondence: B. Zaba, London School
of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Centre for Population Studies, 99
Gower Street, London WC1E 6AZ, England. E-mail: bzaba@lshtm.ac.uk.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
Studies on nonmarital fertility, including illegitimacy. Studies of common-law marriage and other forms of cohabitation or voluntary single parenthood are coded under G.1. Marriage and Divorce or G.2. Family and Household.
64:20405 Clarke, George R. G.; Strauss, Robert
P. Children as income-producing assets: the case of teen
illegitimacy and government transfers. Southern Economic Journal,
Vol. 64, No. 4, Apr 1998. 827-56 pp. Chapel Hill, North Carolina. In
Eng.
"This paper develops a classical model of the teen
fertility decision in the presence of public income transfers. The
theoretical model predicts that welfare payments will encourage
fertility, holding constant other economic opportunities, and that
better economic opportunities will discourage fertility. Considering
the possible simultaneity of illegitimacy rates and benefit levels, due
to the collective choice process, we confirm the theoretical model's
predictions with [U.S.] state-level data from 1980 through
1990."
Correspondence: G. R. G. Clarke, World Bank,
Development Research Group, 1818 H Street NW, Washington, D.C. 20433.
E-mail:gclarke@worldbank.org. Location: Princeton University
Library (PF).
64:20406 Foster, E. Michael; Jones, Damon;
Hoffman, Saul D. The economic impact of nonmarital
childbearing: how are older, single mothers faring? Journal of
Marriage and the Family, Vol. 60, No. 1, Feb 1998. 163-74 pp.
Minneapolis, Minnesota. In Eng.
"During recent decades, the
rate of nonmarital childbearing among [U.S.] women aged 20 and older
has increased steadily. Despite this increase, little is known about
the economic status of the women involved and how it compares with that
of their married counterparts or of teen mothers. This study examines
the experiences of a sample of women drawn from the Panel Study of
Income Dynamics; it assesses the economic situation of these women
before and after giving birth. In general, the economic situation of
older, single mothers is closer to that of teen mothers than that of
married childbearers the same age. The results presented here also
reveal substantial variation among older, single mothers. In
particular, we find that these women fare better when they are White,
25 years old and older, did not begin having children as teenagers, or
are cohabiting."
Correspondence: E. M. Foster, Georgia
State University, School of Policy Studies, Department of Public
Administration and Urban Studies, University Plaza, Atlanta, GA 30303.
E-mail: prcemf@langate.gsu.edu. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
64:20407 Kravdal, Øystein.
Wanting a child without a firm commitment to the partner:
interpretations and implications of a common behaviour pattern among
Norwegian cohabitants. European Journal of Population/Revue
Européenne de Démographie, Vol. 13, No. 3, 1997. 269-98
pp. Dordrecht, Netherlands. In Eng. with sum. in Fre.
"In this
study, data from the Norwegian Family and Occupation Survey of 1988 and
the Statistics Norway Omnibus Surveys of 1996 are used to assess the
proportion of mistimed births in consensual unions, and to find out
whether the remaining cohabitants, who deliberately have a child while
living in this informal relationship, are predominantly hesitant
towards marriage, or whether they expect marriage to take place shortly
afterwards.... Respondents in the Omnibus Survey gave reasons for not
marrying (yet), which are referred and discussed.... After [a]
discussion of individual considerations behind childbearing in
consensual unions, possible underlying social and cultural forces are
pointed out. The results are reviewed from a policy perspective in the
concluding section."
Correspondence: Ø.
Kravdal, University of Oslo, Department of Economics, P.B. 1095
Blindern, 0317 Oslo, Norway. E-mail: okravdal@econ.uio.no.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
