Studies concerned with the relations between population factors as a whole and noneconomic factors. Relations affecting a single demographic variable are coded under the variable concerned and not in this division. Studies concerned equally with economic and social factors are coded under K.1.1. General Economic Development and Population.
Studies on interrelations with education, religion, social change, and socioeconomic status.
64:10681 Feldstein, Martin. A new
era of Social Security. Public Interest, No. 130, Winter 1998.
102-25 pp. Washington, D.C. In Eng.
This article discusses the
process of replacing the existing pay-as-you-go Social Security program
of Old Age and Survivors Insurance in the United States with a
prefunded program based on mandatory individual accounts. "After
discussing the basic reasons for favoring the prefunding of Social
Security old-age pensions (and Medicare as well) and the nature of a
feasible transition from the existing pay-as-you-go system, I will
explain why I now favor using a system of individual accounts rather
than a single government account. I will then discuss the two major
issues that are frequently raised as objections to a prefunded system
based on individual accounts: the riskiness of investing in stocks and
bonds and the distributional effects of shifting from pay-as-you-go to
individual accounts. I will conclude by discussing the effect that such
a system would have on national saving and capital
accumulation."
Correspondence: M. Feldstein, Harvard
University, Department of Economics, Cambridge, MA 02138. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPIA).
64:10682 Jones, Carolyn. The
restructuring of the New Zealand welfare sector 1989-91. New
Zealand Population Review, Vol. 22, No. 1-2, May-Nov 1996. 69-82 pp.
Wellington, New Zealand. In Eng.
"This essay will attempt to
identify the key demographic features of the New Zealand population
during the late 1980s and early 1990s and describe why the social
welfare policies impacted so harshly on the most vulnerable members of
the society....A lack of responsiveness to the needs of the large
cohorts in their late teens and early twenties in terms of employment
opportunities, education and their need to develop independence
created...difficulties for families. The impact of increased
unemployment among older workers and the impact that this had on a
family's resources was not considered when unemployment benefits were
tightened."
Correspondence: C. Jones, University of
Waikato, Population Studies Centre, Private Bag 3105, Hamilton, New
Zealand. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:10683 Lee, Ronald D.
Integenerational relations and the elderly. In: Between Zeus
and the salmon: the biodemography of longevity, edited by Kenneth W.
Wachter and Caleb E. Finch. 1997. 212-33 pp. National Academy Press:
Washington, D.C. In Eng.
"Recent essays on the role of the
elderly in nature...describe a variety of animal behaviors across the
life cycle. This note is prompted by the thought that these animal
behaviors have interesting links and counterparts in human behaviors.
In it I will consider some of these links, particularly those that have
an intergenerational aspect. Specifically, I will discuss (1) various
estimates of the prevalence of post-reproductive and elderly women in
human stationary populations, (2) the role of elders as repositories of
knowledge that may benefit their kin or larger group, (3) transfer
flows of resources from members of one age group to members of another,
and (4) transfers of assets to children at the death of their parent or
inter vivos."
Correspondence: R. D. Lee, University of
California, Berkeley, CA 94720. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
64:10684 Lloyd-Sherlock, Peter; Johnson,
Paul. Ageing and social policy: global comparisons.
STICERD Occasional Paper, No. 19, ISBN 0-7530-0672-3. 1996. ii, 122 pp.
London School of Economics and Political Science, Suntory and Toyota
International Centres for Economics and Related Disciplines: London,
England. In Eng.
This report contains seven papers presented at a
workshop held at the London School of Economics on January 14, 1995,
entitled Ageing and Social Policy: Global Comparisons. "Unlike
most research in this field, which focuses on the experience of
specific countries or regions, this book takes an embracing,
comparative approach. It identified similarities between the countries
studied but also draws attention to key differences. These differences
preclude the implementation of a single policy formula to meet the
economic needs of the aged. Particular attention is paid to the roles
allotted to the public, private and informal sectors in elderly welfare
provision. The book also considers the long-term financial
sustainability of alternative welfare strategies and the quality of
protection they offer." Apart from two papers on general themes,
case studies are presented on the experiences of Germany, Chile,
Thailand, China, and India.
Correspondence: London School
of Economics and Political Science, Suntory and Toyota International
Centres for Economics and Related Disciplines, Houghton Street, London
WC2A 2AE, England. Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
64:10685 Seidman, Laurence S. The
case for funding Social Security. Public Interest, No. 130, Winter
1998. 93-101 pp. Washington, D.C. In Eng.
The case is made for
funding the Social Security program in the United States either by
accumulating a large central fund or by privatizing the system, rather
than relying on a pay-as-you-go approach. The main argument made in
favor of the change is that it would increase the saving rate, which is
currently low in comparison with other industrialized countries. The
author concludes that the switch to a funded system would lead to
temporary increases in taxation that would adversely affect older
workers, but that in the longer run, the interest on the fund would
allow for the same retirement benefits to be financed with a much lower
payroll tax, and that all future workers would be better
off.
Correspondence: L. S. Seidman, University of Delaware,
Department of Economics, Newark, DE 19716. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPIA).
Studies on the political aspects of population growth, including the demographic impact of war.
64:10686 Abernethy, Virginia.
Political science. Population and Environment, Vol. 19, No. 2,
Nov 1997. 113-7 pp. New York, New York. In Eng.
The author
discusses the ways in which U.S. population growth estimates and
policies can be influenced by political considerations. The focus is on
growth due to immigration and on ways to stabilize the country's
population in the future.
Correspondence: V. Abernethy,
Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:10687 Poston, Dudley L. The
U.S. census and congressional apportionment. Society, Vol. 34, No.
3, Mar-Apr 1997. 36-44 pp. New Brunswick, New Jersey. In Eng.
The
author discusses the method by which U.S. congressional members are
apportioned using census figures. "The question becomes how much
of a deviation from one man, one vote can be tolerated. I consider this
question next in a brief discussion of the current apportionment Method
of Equal Proportions and an alternative method that some have suggested
should be used, that of Major Fractions. Later I review the history of
U.S. apportionment procedures....I conclude by presenting and
discussing the results of an exercise in which I apply the methods of
Equal Proportions and Major Fractions to apportionment population data
for the U.S. states for 1990 and 2000."
Correspondence:
D. L. Poston, Texas A & M University, Department of Sociology,
College Station, TX 77843. Location: Princeton University
Library (PR).
64:10688 Volkov, A. How the
mirror of society got false (60 years since the 1937 population
census). [Kak stalo krivym zerkalo obshchestva (K 60-letiyu
perepisi 1937 goda).] Voprosy Statistiki, No. 3, 1997. 14-20 pp.
Moscow, Russia. In Rus.
This article describes the 1937 census of
the Soviet population and discusses the reasons why the results were
never published. The main reason for suppressing the data was that it
revealed the terrible conditions affecting the population under the
Soviet regime. The author describes how a second census was taken in
1939 and how the results were doctored to reveal only the facts that
the authorities wanted to make public.
Correspondence: A.
Volkov, Goskomstat Rossii, NII Statistiki, Izmailovskoe Shosse 44,
105679 Moscow, Russia. Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
Studies on nutrition and health, including psychological aspects and sex behavior. Studies that are concerned with the impact of these factors on fertility are coded under F.5. Factors Other Than Contraception Affecting Fertility.
64:10689 Ashford, Lori. Improving
reproductive health in developing countries. Oct 1997. 32 pp.
Population Reference Bureau: Washington, D.C. In Eng.
The findings
on reproductive health in developing countries from the National
Research Council of the U.S. National Academy of Sciences are
summarized in this report. The focus is on assisting policy makers in
developing countries to identify reproductive health problems and the
measures to deal with them. The full text of this report is available
online at http://www.nap.edu.
For the full report, also published in
1997, see 63:30728.
Correspondence: Population Reference
Bureau, 1875 Connecticut Avenue NW, Suite 520, Washington, D.C.
20009-5728. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:10690 Behrman, Jere. The
effect of structural adjustment on food policy and nutrition. In:
Demographic responses to economic adjustment in Latin America, edited
by Georges Tapinos, Andrew Mason, and Jorge Bravo. 1997. 54-71 pp.
Clarendon Press: Oxford, England. In Eng.
"In this chapter, I
address the question: what do we know about the impact of structural
adjustment in Latin America on food policy and nutrition? I organize my
comments by first presenting a simple economic household model of the
determinants of nutritional and health status, since the proximate
determinants of nutritional and health status are at the micro
individual and household level. Then I use this framework to discuss:
(1) the channels through which the food policy component of structural
adjustment programmes may affect the reduced-form determinants of
individual nutritional and health status; (2) how individuals and
households respond to the changes in the reduced-form determinants of
individual nutrition and health status induced by structural adjustment
programmes; and (3) policy implications regarding the impact of
structural adjustment on food policy and on
nutrition."
Correspondence: J. Behrman, University of
Pennsylvania, Department of Economics, 3718 Locust Walk, Philadelphia,
PA 19104-6297. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:10691 Bonneux, Luc; Barendregt, Jan J.;
Nusselder, Wilma J.; Van der Maas, Paul J. Preventing
fatal diseases increases healthcare costs: cause elimination life table
approach. British Medical Journal, Vol. 316, No. 7124, Jan 3,
1998. 26-9 pp. London, England. In Eng.
The objective of this study
was "to examine whether elimination of fatal diseases will
increase healthcare costs....Mortality data from vital statistics [on
the population of the Netherlands in 1988 were] combined with
healthcare spending in a cause elimination life table. Costs were
allocated to specific diseases through the various healthcare
registers....[The results showed that] elimination of fatal
diseases--such as coronary heart disease, cancer, or chronic
obstructive lung disease--increases health-care costs. Major savings
will be achieved only by elimination of non-fatal disease--such as
musculoskeletal diseases and mental
disorders."
Correspondence: L. Bonneux, Erasmus
University Medical School, Department of Public Health and Social
Medicine, P.O. Box 1738, 3000 DR Rotterdam, Netherlands. E-mail:
bonneux@mgz.fgg.eur.nl. Location: Princeton University Library
(SZ).
64:10692 Callahan, Daniel; ter Meulen, Ruud H.
J.; Topinková, Eva. A world growing old: the coming
health care challenges. Hastings Center Studies in Ethics, ISBN
0-87840-591-7. LC 95-6447. 1995. xiii, 175 pp. Georgetown University
Press: Washington, D.C. In Eng.
This is a collective work in which
the authors examine some problems related to the provision of adequate
health care for the growing population of elderly people in the
developed world. It is the product of a joint project between the
Hastings Center in the United States and the Institute for Bioethics in
the Netherlands on resource allocation and the elderly. The main topics
of concern are the meaning and significance of old age, the goals of
medicine and health care for the elderly, balancing the needs of the
young and the old, resource allocation and social priorities, and
families, societies, women, and long-term care.
Correspondence:
Georgetown University Press, Washington, D.C. 20007. Location:
Princeton University Library (FST).
64:10693 Chaudhury, Ranjit R.
Reproductive health aspects of contraceptive methods. In:
Population policy and reproductive health, edited by K. Srinivasan.
1996. 276-85 pp. Hindustan Publishing Corporation: New Delhi, India. In
Eng.
The author discusses various contraceptive methods currently
available and their effects on women's reproductive health in India.
The safety and effectiveness of male contraceptive methods are
assessed, and contraindications of several female contraceptives are
described.
Correspondence: R. R. Chaudhury, National
Institute of Immunology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110 067, India.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:10694 Conly, Shanti R.; Epp, Joanne
E. Falling short: the World Bank's role in population and
reproductive health. ISBN 1-889735-02-7. LC 97-075701. 1997. x, 66
pp. Population Action International: Washington, D.C. In Eng.
This
report examines World Bank activities in the field of population. It
focuses on the following questions: "In policy discussions with
borrower countries, to what extent is the Bank encouraging attention to
the relationships between population dynamics and development and
ensuring that population concerns are adequately addressed? To what
extent is the Bank providing financial support to reproductive health
programs, including family planning? How can the Bank expand lending
for these programs, improve the effectiveness of Bank-financed projects
and stimulate additional donor and national funding? [and] What
capacity does the Bank have for providing expert advice with respect to
the sound planning and effective implementation of reproductive health
and family planning projects? How are current organizational changes
affecting the Bank's work in both population and reproductive
health?"
Correspondence: Population Action
International, 1120 19th Street NW, Suite 550, Washington, D.C. 20036.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:10695 Djamba, Yanyi K.
Theoretical perspectives on female sexual behaviour in Africa: a
review and conceptual model. African Journal of Reproductive
Health, Vol. 1, No. 2, Sep 1997. 67-78 pp. Benin City, Nigeria. In Eng.
with sum. in Fre.
"A major drawback of research on sexual
behaviour in Africa is the separation between theories and empirical
work. This paper reviews three major theoretical perspectives on female
sexual behaviour in Africa, and constructs a conceptual framework in
which various hypotheses deriving from these theories can be
empirically tested. This framework, which draws from Coleman's model of
social capital, shows the linkages between sexual behaviour and key
factors of (1) patrilineal bias, (2) rational adaptation, and (3)
social disorganisation theories. It is suggested that, as a dynamic
process, sexual activity and its key covariates must be measured and
analysed within event history models."
Correspondence:
Y. K. Djamba, University of Texas, Population Research Center,
1800 Main, Austin, TX 78712-1172. E-mail: dyk@prc.utexas.edu.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:10696 Frankel, Stephen; Gunnell, David J.;
Peters, Tim J.; Maynard, Maria; Davey Smith, George.
Childhood energy intake and adult mortality from cancer: the Boyd
Orr cohort study. British Medical Journal, Vol. 316, No. 7130, Feb
14, 1998. 499-504 pp. London, England. In Eng.
In this study, 3,834
people who took part in Lord Boyd Orr's Carnegie survey of family diet
and health in prewar Britain between 1937 and 1939 were followed up
through 1996 to examine the relation between energy intake in childhood
and adult mortality from cancer, other than smoking-related cancer.
Significant associations between childhood energy intake and cancer
mortality were seen when the confounding effects of social variables
were taken into account in proportional hazards models. The effects
were similar for men and women.
Correspondence: S. Frankel,
University of Bristol, Department of Social Medicine, Bristol BS8 2PR,
England. E-mail: stephen.frankel@bristol.ac.uk. Location:
Princeton University Library (SZ).
64:10697 Frisbie, W. Parker; Forbes, Douglas;
Hummer, Robert A. Hispanic pregnancy outcomes: additional
evidence. Texas Population Research Center Paper, No. 96-97-13,
1996-1997. 21, [5] pp. University of Texas, Population Research Center:
Austin, Texas. In Eng.
"Our general objective is to examine
[U.S.] differentials in pregnancy outcomes across Hispanic groups.
Specifically, we wish to estimate the net effects of determinants of
the risk of prematurity, low birth weight, and infant mortality and to
determine whether ethnic differences persist once other predictors are
controlled. This analysis directly addresses the question of whether,
in addition to Mexican Americans, other Hispanic populations are
characterized by an `epidemiological paradox', i.e., by a combination
of a high risk sociodemographic profile and favorable pregnancy
outcomes."
Correspondence: University of Texas,
Population Research Center, 1800 Main, Austin, TX 78712-1088. Author's
E-mail: frisbie@prc.utexas.edu. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
64:10698 Gardner, Robert; Blackburn,
Richard. People who move: new reproductive health
focus. Population Reports, Series J: Family Planning Programs, No.
45, Nov 1997. 27 pp. Johns Hopkins University, Center for Communication
Programs, Population Information Program [PIP]: Baltimore, Maryland. In
Eng.
"Migrants, refugees, and internally displaced persons are
among the world's most vulnerable people. Clustered on the margins of
cities or culturally isolated within them, housed in camps meant to be
temporary, or without homes at all, they often have urgent health
needs, including reproductive health. Programs and relief agencies are
beginning to respond to this need."
Correspondence:
Johns Hopkins School of Public Health, Population Information
Program, Center for Communication Programs, 111 Market Place, Suite
310, Baltimore, MD 21202-4012. E-mail:
PopRepts@welchlink.welch.jhu.edu. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
64:10699 Ghosh, Shanti. Life
cycle of maternal health and child health. In: Population policy
and reproductive health, edited by K. Srinivasan. 1996. 236-43 pp.
Hindustan Publishing Corporation: New Delhi, India. In Eng.
"Taking cognizance of the high maternal and childhood
mortality [in India], the VIII Five Year Plan has embarked on the Child
Survival and Safe Motherhood (CSSM) Program and all the districts will
be covered by 1997." Goals and objectives of the program are
discussed. Aspects considered include maternal health and family
planning, maternal mortality and its impact on child mortality, the
girl child, and adolescents.
Correspondence: S. Ghosh, 5
Aurobindo Marg, New Delhi 110 016, India. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
64:10700 Judge, Ken; Mulligan, Jo-Ann;
Benzeval, Michaela. Income inequality and population
health. Social Science and Medicine, Vol. 46, No. 4-5, Feb-Mar
1998. 567-79 pp. Oxford, England. In Eng.
"A number of studies
have suggested that inequalities in the distribution of income may be
an important cause of variations in the average level of population
health among rich industrial nations. However, what is missing from the
debate so far is any systematic review of evidence about the
relationship between different measures of income distribution and
indicators of population health. This paper aims to bridge that gap.
First, it summarizes the recent English language literature on this
topic and illustrates the methodological problems that weaken the
inferences that can be derived from it. Secondly, it presents new
empirical estimates of the relationship between different measures of
income distribution, infant mortality and life expectancy based on the
most authoritative data published to date. In contrast to most earlier
studies, we find very little support for the view that income
inequality is associated with variations in average levels of national
health in rich industrial countries. Some possible explanations for
these differences are outlined."
Correspondence: K.
Judge, University of Kent and Canterbury, PSSRU, Canterbury CT2 7NF,
England. Location: Princeton University Library (PR).
64:10701 Kane, Thomas T.; Khuda, Barkat;
Phillips, James F. Reproductive health in rural
Bangladesh: policy and programmatic implications. ICDDR, B
Monograph, No. 7, ISBN 984-551-115-5. Jul 1997. xviii, 504, [10] pp.
International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh
[ICDDR, B]: Matlab, Bangladesh. In Eng.
These two volumes present a
selection of studies on reproductive health issues in Bangladesh. In
the first volume there are five studies on aspects of reproductive
knowledge and behavior, including awareness of sexually transmitted
diseases, the management of reproductive tract infections, induced
abortion and its determinants and consequences, and the determinants of
antenatal care seeking. There are also six studies on contraceptive use
dynamics, including the determinants of contraceptive use among the
young and newly married and among the rural population, the gender
composition of surviving children and contraceptive use, the quality of
care and client satisfaction and their effect on contraceptive use,
factors associated with side effects from oral contraceptives and
injectables, and contraceptive switching patterns. In the second
volume, there are three sections. The first, on the demand, cost, and
use of MCH-FP services, includes studies on the effect of cash prices
on the demand for family planning services, the effects of family
planning services on fertility preferences, the cost-effectiveness of
alternative service delivery systems, and procedures to assess
awareness, accessibility, and utilization of services. The second
section has four studies on the determinants of the fertility decline
in rural Bangladesh. The third section has two studies on the
determinants of infant and child malnutrition and
mortality.
Correspondence: International Centre for
Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, G.P.O. Box 128, Dhaka 1000,
Bangladesh. Author's E-mail: barkat@cholera.bangla.net. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:10702 MacNab, Ying C.; Macdonald, Julie;
Tuk, Terry A. The risks of childbearing at older
ages. [Risques de la maternité à un âge
avancé.] Health Reports/Rapports sur la Santé, Vol. 9,
No. 2, Autumn 1997. 41-50, 43-53 pp. Ottawa, Canada. In Eng; Fre.
"This article investigates whether, compared with younger
women, those aged 30-34 and 35 and older [in British Columbia]
experienced a higher risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes and maternal
complications, and whether their infants faced an increased risk of
perinatal complications and congenital anomalies....For both parity
groups, the odds of having a cesarean delivery increased with maternal
age. An elevated risk of having a low birth weight infant or preterm
birth was also found for older primiparous women. There was a higher
risk of chromosonal anomalies for infants of older mothers. The risk of
some maternal complications increased with age, yet for most perinatal
complications there was no clear age
effect."
Correspondence: Y. C. MacNab, British
Columbia Vital Statistics Agency, Victoria V8W 1H8, Canada.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:10703 Mbizvo, Michael T.; Siziya, Seter;
Olayinka, Jide; Adamchak, Susan E. Knowledge of STIs and
AIDS, condom use, and risk awareness. Zimbabwe Further Analysis,
Oct 1997. iii, 43 pp. Macro International, Demographic and Health
Surveys [DHS]: Calverton, Maryland. In Eng.
"This analysis,
using a nationally representative sample, provides some useful insight
into knowledge about sexually transmitted infections, perceived risk
awareness, and use of condoms in Zimbabwe. Overall, knowledge of STIs
is high. Only 9 percent of women and 3 percent of men report not
knowing any STI. However, with the exception of HIV/AIDS, knowledge of
particular STIs is very low. Nearly equal proportions of men (84
percent) and women (85 percent) know AIDS as a sexually transmitted
infection. Far fewer respondents know other diseases, and the
proportion of men knowing specific STIs is generally higher than that
of women." The authors use data from the 1994 Zimbabwe Demographic
and Health Survey.
Correspondence: Macro International,
Demographic and Health Surveys, 11785 Beltsville Drive, Suite 300,
Calverton, MD 20705-3119. E-mail: reports@macroint.com. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:10704 Mboup, Gora; Tossou, Justin
Y. Benin further analysis: knowledge, attitudes, and
behavior regarding AIDS in Benin. [Analyse approfondie des
données du Bénin: connaissance, attitude et comportement
vis-à-vis du SIDA au Bénin.] Jul 1997. v, 38, 39 pp.
Macro International, Demographic and Health Surveys [DHS]: Calverton,
Maryland. In Eng; Fre.
"This study proposes to evaluate the
knowledge, attitudes, and behavior of women and men regarding AIDS [in
Benin. It stratifies]...the population into target groups in relation
to their knowledge of AIDS, of the modes of transmission, and of the
means of protection. For each target group, the study evaluates the
perception of the risk of exposure and behavioral changes with regard
to AIDS. The reasons for the perception of risk as well as for changes
in behavior are evaluated by selected characteristics of sexual
activity (frequency of sexual relations, number of partners, and use of
condoms). The study draws from data collected in the 1996 Benin
Demographic and Health Survey [and other sources]....The study
indicates that in Benin knowledge of AIDS is nearly universal among
men. By comparison, a significant proportion (almost a fifth) of women
have never heard of AIDS. Among women, there is also a limited
knowledge of the sexual modes of AIDS transmission. Overall, 3 in 10
women and 1 in 10 men have a need for information about AIDS, its modes
of transmission, and means of
prevention...."
Correspondence: Macro International,
Demographic and Health Surveys, 11785 Beltsville Drive, Suite 300,
Calverton, MD 20705-3119. E-mail: reports@macroint.com. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:10705 Meekers, Dominique; Calvès,
Anne-Emmanuèle. Gender differentials in adolescent
sexual activity and reproductive health risks in Cameroon. PSI
Research Division Working Paper, No. 4, 1997. 50 pp. Population
Services International, Research Division: Washington, D.C. In Eng.
"The purpose of this paper is to examine, using Cameroon as a
research setting, gender differentials in adolescent sexual activity
and reproductive health risks, as well as their determinants and
consequences. More specifically, this paper documents how young men and
women in Cameroon vary in the way they conduct their sexual lives as
well as in the reproductive health risks they take. Gender
differentials in patterns of sexual initiation, number of regular and
casual sexual partners, and condom use are considered. The paper also
examines factors affecting male and female patterns of sexual and
reproductive health behavior. Finally, the study evaluates and
contrasts the health consequences of the sexual activity of both males
and females, including the prevalence of STDs and
abortion."
This paper was originally presented at the 1997
Annual Meeting of the Population Association of
America.
Correspondence: Population Services International,
Research Division, 1120 Nineteenth Street NW, Suite 600, Washington,
D.C. 20036. E-mail: generalinfo@psiwash.org. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:10706 Meekers, Dominique.
Going underground and going after women: combating sexual risk
behavior among gold miners in South Africa. PSI Research Division
Working Paper, No. 13, 1997. 18 pp. Population Services International,
Research Division: Washington, D.C. In Eng.
"This paper
examines trends in AIDS knowledge, risk perception, sexual risk
behavior, and condom use among gold miners in the Welkom area [of South
Africa] during the course of a two-year HIV intervention project
consisting of a social marketing component and a behavior change
communications component. Analysis of 1995 and 1997 survey data...shows
significant increases in gold miners' awareness of their personal risk
of contracting HIV/AIDS, reductions in their number of sexual partners,
and increases in the prevalence of condom use with all types of
partners during the intervention period."
Correspondence:
Population Services International, Research Division, 1120
Nineteenth Street NW, Suite 600, Washington, D.C. 20036. E-mail:
generalinfo@psiwash.org. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
64:10707 Meekers, Dominique; Holscher,
Michael; Munteanu, Anemona. Sexual and reproductive health
behavior among Romanian adolescents: an exploratory narrative research
analysis. PSI Research Division Working Paper, No. 11, 1997. 25
pp. Population Services International, Research Division: Washington,
D.C. In Eng.
"This paper uses the World Health Organization
(WHO) Narrative Research Method to enhance our understanding of the
typical course of events during which adolescents and young adults [in
Romania] need to make reproductive health decisions. This method
produces a description of the typical circumstances in which
adolescents make decisions about reproductive health issues, and
illustrates the nature of interactions that commonly take place between
a young couple and the network of persons who may influence their
behavior and decisions."
Correspondence: Population
Services International, Research Division, 1120 Nineteenth Street NW,
Suite 600, Washington, D.C. 20036. E-mail: generalinfo@psiwash.org.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:10708 Miller, Kim S.; Clark, Leslie F.;
Moore, Janet S. Sexual initiation with older male partners
and subsequent HIV risk behavior among female adolescents. Family
Planning Perspectives, Vol. 29, No. 5, Sep-Oct 1997. 212-4 pp. New
York, New York. In Eng.
"Data from a 1993-1994 survey of 150
black and Hispanic [U.S.] teenagers were used to examine differences in
HIV risk-related behavior between young women who have a first sexual
partner three or more years older than themselves and those whose first
partner is their age. Compared with teenagers whose first partner had
been roughly their age, the 35% of adolescents with an older partner
had been younger at first intercourse (13.8 years vs. 14.6) and less
likely to use a condom at first intercourse (63% vs. 82%). They also
were less likely to report having used a condom at last intercourse
(29% vs. 44%) or having used condoms consistently over their lifetime
(37% vs. 56%) or in the previous six months (44% vs. 66%). Some 38% of
teenagers with an older first partner had ever been pregnant, compared
with 12% of those with a peer-age first
partner."
Correspondence: K. S. Miller, U.S. Centers
for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of STD/HIV Prevention,
Mailstop E-44, Atlanta, GA 30333. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
64:10709 Musgrove, Philip.
Economic crisis and health policy responses. In: Demographic
responses to economic adjustment in Latin America, edited by Georges
Tapinos, Andrew Mason, and Jorge Bravo. 1997. 37-53 pp. Clarendon
Press: Oxford, England. In Eng.
The author investigates the
relation between economic crisis and health policy. Aspects considered
include economic crisis versus structural adjustment; channels for
health effects of economic crisis; the reach and importance of health
policy; definitions of health policy; and the impact of political,
ideological, and economic factors on health policy in Latin America in
the 1980s.
Correspondence: P. Musgrove, World Bank, 1818 H
Street NW, Washington, D.C. 20433. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
64:10710 Nataraj, Shyamala; Temba, Pudenciana;
Nkya, Ananilea; Han, Hye-Jin; Kéré, Lucie A.; Tapsoba,
Isabelle; Mangahas, Malou; Gomes, Eustáquio; Tapang, Hannah;
Gudeta, Tseganesh; Asavaroengchai, Suwanna; Khan, Ayesha; Saeed, Hilda;
Shallat, Lezak; Ezzat, Dina. Private decisions, public
debate: women, reproduction and population. ISBN 1-870670-34-5.
1994. vi, 185 pp. Panos Publications: London, England. In Eng.
This
book is concerned with the broader aspect of reproductive health
concerns than those represented by concentrating on family planning
programs alone. In it, "15 journalists from Africa, Asia and Latin
America present the views of ordinary men and women and report on
subjects as diverse as son preference, female genital mutilation,
unauthorised sterilisations, untreated STDs, HIV infection, and the
influence of Catholicism and Islam--all of which affect reproductive
decisionmaking."
Correspondence: Panos Publications, 9
White Lion Street, London N1 9PD, England. Location: Princeton
University Library (FST).
64:10711 Offor, E.; Okolo, A. A.
HIV seroprevalence in women of childbearing age in Benin City,
Nigeria. African Journal of Reproductive Health, Vol. 1, No. 2,
Sep 1997. 36-40 pp. Benin City, Nigeria. In Eng. with sum. in Fre.
"In this study, data obtained by unlinked anonymous testing
and voluntary HIV screening in national sentinel serosurveillance are
compared. The objectives are to determine HIV prevalence among women of
childbearing age and to estimate the potential for perinatal
transmission in Benin City as well as in Bendel State [Nigeria]. The
overall goal is to provide data for the future planning of intervention
programs targeting this particular group." Results indicate that
"the seroprevalence of HIV-1 in Benin City and in Bendel State was
0.28 percent and 0.36 percent,
respectively."
Correspondence: E. Offor, University of
Benin, Department of Medical Microbiology, Benin City, Nigeria.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:10712 Pachauri, Saroj. A shift
from family planning to reproductive health: new challenges. In:
Population policy and reproductive health, edited by K. Srinivasan.
1996. 244-66 pp. Hindustan Publishing Corporation: New Delhi, India. In
Eng.
The author discusses the shift in focus "from a
population control approach of reducing numbers to a client-based
approach of addressing the reproductive health needs of
clients...." Possible means of making this ideological shift in
India are assessed, with a focus on services to prevent and manage
unwanted pregnancy, promote safe motherhood, improve child survival,
prevent and manage reproductive tract infections, aid adolescents,
provide health and sexuality education and counseling, and establish
effective referral systems.
Correspondence: S. Pachauri,
Population Council, Regional Office for South and East Asia, 42-A Golf
Links, New Delhi 110 003, India. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
64:10713 Pan American Health Organization
[PAHO] (Washington, D.C.). Health conditions in the
Americas: 1994 edition. Volume 1. Scientific Publication, No. 549,
ISBN 92-75-11549-4. 1994. ix, 435 pp. Washington, D.C. In Eng.
This
is the first volume of a two-volume work describing changes in the
health situation in the Americas in the period 1989-1992. The first
volume presents a regional overview, and the second provides country
reports. The first volume also contains a chapter describing population
characteristics and trends in the region, including population size and
growth, fertility, mortality, migration, age distribution, the
indigenous population, urbanization, the demographic transition, and
population policies.
Correspondence: Pan American Health
Organization, 525 23rd Street NW, Washington, D.C. 20037. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:10714 Pearson, Thomas A.; Patel, Rajesh
V. Diet modification and food policy strategies: what
works? In: Premature death in the New Independent States, edited
by José L. Bobadilla, Christine A. Costello, and Faith Mitchell.
1997. 355-74 pp. National Academy Press: Washington, D.C. In Eng.
"The list of potential nutritional causes of chronic diseases
is a long one. It includes not only fat and cholesterol, but also a
diet characterized by excess calories, high protein, high sodium, low
potassium or calcium, low fiber, heavy alcohol, deficient antioxidant
vitamins, and a host of less well defined dietary constituents. While
no dietary recommendation can totally ignore these additional macro-
and micronutrients, the focus of this discussion is on reduction of
total dietary fat, saturated fat, and cholesterol; strategies for
achieving that reduction; and the relevance and potential for
implementation of those strategies in the New Independent States (NIS)
[formed after the collapse of the Soviet
Union]."
Correspondence: T. A. Pearson, Columbia
University, Mary Imogene Bassett Research Institute, Morningside
Heights, New York, NY 10027. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
64:10715 Pierce, John P. Tobacco
control policy strategies: lessons from Western developed
countries. In: Premature death in the New Independent States,
edited by José L. Bobadilla, Christine A. Costello, and Faith
Mitchell. 1997. 287-313 pp. National Academy Press: Washington, D.C. In
Eng.
"The objective of this chapter is to identify
generalizable elements from existing tobacco control programs in
Western developed countries that might usefully be employed in the NIS
[the Newly Independent States formed following the collapse of the
Soviet Union. The author considers]...the context for a tobacco control
program, including the natural history of smoking behavior and the role
of advertising in increasing tobacco consumption. The chapter then
examines the various components of a tobacco control program. The final
section addresses the application of these components to the
NIS."
Correspondence: J. P. Pierce, University of
California, Cancer Prevention and Control Program, La Jolla, CA 92093.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:10716 Piet-Pelon, Nancy.
Lessons learned and programmatic implications: seminar
proceedings. ICDDR, B Monograph, No. 66, ISBN 984-551-107-4. 1997.
viii, 81, [16] pp. International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease
Research, Bangladesh [ICDDR, B]: Matlab, Bangladesh. In Eng.
This
is the report of a seminar held from June 30th to July 1st, 1997, in
Dhaka, Bangladesh, on the MCH-FP Extension Project. "The main
objectives of this seminar are to: (a) provide the [government of
Bangladesh], donors, NGOs, the scientific research community of
Bangladesh, and the media, an overview of the major lessons learned and
the policy impact the Project has had on the Bangladesh Health and
Family Planning Programme over the past 15 years of its existence; (b)
share with you some of the key findings, lessons learned and
programmatic implications of the Project's most important recent
operations research interventions in the areas of management
improvement, quality of care, and sustainability; and (c) share with
you some of the key results from a number of reproductive health
studies and policy analyses carried out by the Project over the past
year and a half."
Correspondence: International Centre
for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, G.P.O. Box 128, Dhaka
1000, Bangladesh. E-mail: barkat@cholera.bangla.net. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:10717 Popkin, Barry; Zohoori, Namvar;
Kohlmeier, Lenore; Baturin, Alexander; Martinchik, Arseni; Deev,
Alexander. Nutritional risk factors in the former Soviet
Union. In: Premature death in the New Independent States, edited
by José L. Bobadilla, Christine A. Costello, and Faith Mitchell.
1997. 314-34 pp. National Academy Press: Washington, D.C. In Eng.
"This chapter uses existing post-World War II data in
combination with current survey information to explore both the shift
in diet over the post-World War II period and more recent patterns of
body composition in Russia and Kyrgyz. In particular, we focus on the
use of body composition data to examine the prevalence of chronic
energy deficiency and obesity....As is shown, problems of dietary
excess and obesity are common among adults even in Kyrgyz, which is one
of the poorest of the NIS countries."
Correspondence:
B. Popkin, University of North Carolina, Carolina Population
Center, University Square, CB 8120, 124 East Franklin Street, Chapel
Hill, NC 27516-3997. Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
64:10718 Prokhorov, Alexander V.
Cigarette smoking and priorities for tobacco control in the New
Independent States. In: Premature death in the New Independent
States, edited by José L. Bobadilla, Christine A. Costello, and
Faith Mitchell. 1997. 275-86 pp. National Academy Press: Washington,
D.C. In Eng.
The author "reviews the extent of the tobacco
epidemic in the NIS [the Newly Independent States formed after the
collapse of the Soviet Union], the spread of Western tobacco products
in the region, the health consequences of the epidemic, and the need
for measures to curb the spread of the
epidemic."
Correspondence: A. V. Prokhorov, University
of Texas, Anderson Cancer Center, Austin, TX 78712-1088. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:10719 Puska, Pekka. Chronic
disease prevention in the New Independent States: Finnish
experiences. In: Premature death in the New Independent States,
edited by José L. Bobadilla, Christine A. Costello, and Faith
Mitchell. 1997. 335-54 pp. National Academy Press: Washington, D.C. In
Eng.
"In the early 1970s, Finland was faced with a massive
epidemic of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases. A range of
research-based activities was undertaken to tackle the problem,
including a major national preventive demonstration program known as
the North Karelia Project....This chapter...presents results and
experiences from [Finland's] collaboration with Estonia and the
Republic of Karelia....Health challenges and the potential for taking
practical action toward chronic disease prevention in the New
Independent States (NIS) [of the former Soviet Union] are
discussed."
Correspondence: P. Puska, National Public
Health Institute, Division of Health and Chronic Disease, Helsinki,
Finland. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:10720 Robine, Jean-Marie.
Health expectancy indicators for the measurement of population
health status. [Les espérances de vie en santé au
service de la mesure de l'état de santé des populations.]
Cahiers Québécois de Démographie, Vol. 25, No. 2,
Autumn 1996. 179-210 pp. Montreal, Canada. In Fre. with sum. in Eng;
Spa.
"This overview reviews the indicators currently used to
describe the health status of populations. It emphasizes Quebec's
contributions in helping to develop such indicators, including the
development of health expectancy indicators; various theories on
changes in population health status and longevity; Quebec's role in the
international harmonization of health expectancy indicators; and the
initial findings emerging from the compilation of health expectancy
time series. An appendix offers a brief survey of texts on demographic
indicators, an area in which Quebec has come to
specialize."
Correspondence: J.-M. Robine, Institut
National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale,
Démographie et Santé, Val d'Aurelle, Parc
Euromédecine, 34298 Montpellier Cedex 5, France. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:10721 Srinivasan, K.
Population policy and reproductive health. ISBN 81-7075-042-3.
1996. xvi, 361 pp. Hindustan Publishing Corporation: New Delhi, India.
In Eng.
These are the proceedings of the seminar "Policy
Direction and Strategy of Action in Population and Reproductive Health
in India", which was held in New Delhi in December 1995. "A
notable contribution of this volume is the views expressed by leaders
from different political parties on problems of population and
reproductive health in the country. The book will be extremely useful
for students and scholars engaged in demographic and reproductive
health studies in India and in formulation of policies and programmes
in these fields."
Selected items will be cited in this or
subsequent issues of Population Index.
Correspondence:
Hindustan Publishing Corporation, 4805/24 Bharat Ram Road, Darya
Ganj, New Delhi 110 002, India. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
64:10722 Steinauer, Jody E.; DePineres,
Teresa; Robert, Anne M.; Westfall, John; Darney, Philip.
Training family practice residents in abortion and other
reproductive health care: a nationwide survey. Family Planning
Perspectives, Vol. 29, No. 5, Sep-Oct 1997. 222-7 pp. New York, New
York. In Eng.
"The majority of residents responding to a 1995
survey of program directors and chief residents at 244 family medicine
residency programs in the United States reported they had no clinical
experience in cervical cap fitting, diaphragm fitting or IUD insertion
and removal. For all family planning methods except oral
contraceptives, no more than 24% of residents had experience with 10 or
more patients. Although 29% of programs included first-trimester
abortion training as either optional or routine, only 15% of chief
residents had clinical experience providing first-trimester abortions.
Five percent of residents stated they certainly or probably would
provide abortions, while 65% of residents stated they certainly would
not provide abortions. A majority (65%) of residents agreed that
first-trimester abortion training should be optional within family
practice residency programs."
Correspondence: A. M.
Robert, University of California, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology
and Reproductive Sciences, San Francisco, CA 94143. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:10723 Swaminathan, Padmini.
Work and reproductive health: a Hobson's choice for Indian
women? Economic and Political Weekly, Vol. 32, No. 43, Oct 25,
1997. 53-61 pp. Mumbai, India. In Eng.
"The observed
statistical correlation between increase in women's outside employment
and decrease in birth rates has catapulted the demand for increasing
women's wage employment as a primary goal, not necessarily on its own
merits, but as part of the demographic drive to reduce fertility. At
what costs to women's welfare do such demographic outcomes occur? The
existing structural nature of women's work (domestic as well as
non-domestic) has severe built-in hazards for women's health
(reproductive and otherwise) which no amount of first rate quality of
care and/or access to health services alone can deal with. Focusing on
Tamil Nadu [India], the author argues in addition that a demographic
model state need not necessarily be a reproductively safe
place."
Location: Princeton University Library (PF).
64:10724 Thior, Ibou; Diouf, Georges; Diaw,
Ibnou K.; Sarr, Abdoulaye D.; Hsieh, Chung-Cheng; Ndoye, Ibra; Mboup,
Souleymane; Chen, Lincoln; Essex, Max; Marlink, Richard; Kanki,
Phyllis. Sexually transmitted diseases and risk of HIV
infection in men attending a sexually transmitted diseases clinic in
Dakar, Senegal. African Journal of Reproductive Health, Vol. 1,
No. 2, Sep 1997. 26-35 pp. Benin City, Nigeria. In Eng. with sum. in
Fre.
"This cross-sectional study was carried out among male
outpatients with symptoms of STDs at the STD reference centre at the
Institute of Social Hygiene (IHS), Dakar, Senegal, from March 1989
through May 1991. This study was used to determine the prevalence of
STDs and HIV among male patients attending an STD clinic and to
identify their socio-demographic characteristics and risk
factors....After multivariate analysis, the risk factors associated
with HIV infection were a history of sex with prostitutes...,
unprotected sexual contact..., and history of urethritis...[and]
current STDs....HIV prevalence was quite low in this population
compared to similar studies of STD patients from other sub-Saharan
countries."
Correspondence: P. Kanki, Harvard School
of Public Health, Harvard AIDS Institute, 665 Huntington Avenue,
Boston, MA 02115. Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
64:10725 Wilkins, Russell.
Health. [La santé.] Cahiers Québécois de
Démographie, Vol. 25, No. 2, Autumn 1996. [172] pp. Association
des Démographes du Québec: Montreal, Canada. In Fre. with
sum. in Eng; Spa.
This special issue, which focuses on health in
Canada and especially Quebec, includes articles on health expectancy
indicators; mortality differences by poverty level; and life and health
expectancies by sex, marital status, and socioeconomic
status.
Selected items will be cited in this or subsequent issues of
Population Index.
Correspondence: Association des
Démographes du Québec, C.P. 403, Succursale
Côte-des-Neiges, Montreal, Quebec H3S 2S7, Canada. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
Studies on consanguinity and isolates, inbreeding, and twinning.
64:10726 Cliquet, Robert L. The
demographic future of the human species: from quantity to quality?
In: Population and family in the Low Countries 1996/1997: selected
current issues, edited by Hans van den Brekel and Fred Deven. 1997.
15-42 pp. Nederlands Interdisciplinair Demografisch Instituut [NIDI]:
The Hague, Netherlands; Centrum voor Bevolkings- en Gezinsstudiën
[CBGS]: Brussels, Belgium. In Eng.
"The present contribution
deals with the possible implications of the quantitative control of
births and deaths developed in the last and, especially, in the 20th
century, for the qualitative control over births and deaths in the 21st
and following centuries. The fact is that the latter might not only
intervene in the human phenotype, but also in the human genetic
endowment. Thus, the human might not only determine its own demographic
growth and phenotypic development, but also its genetic composition,
for example, [and] steer its future
evolution."
Correspondence: R. L. Cliquet, Scientific
Institute of the Flemish Community, Population and Family Study Centre,
Markiesstraat 1, 1000 Brussels, Belgium. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
64:10727 Johnson, Thomas E.; Shook, David
R. Identification and mapping of genes determining
longevity. In: Between Zeus and the salmon: the biodemography of
longevity, edited by Kenneth W. Wachter and Caleb E. Finch. 1997.
108-26 pp. National Academy Press: Washington, D.C. In Eng.
"I
will first review the concept of genetic determination of life span and
life expectancy and the concept of longevity-determining genes that we
call `gerontogenes'. Next, we will review relevant literature and
experiments done in an effort to identify such gerontogenes. This
review will focus mostly on invertebrates because few experiments in
vertebrates, notably the mouse, have tried to identify gerontogenes. We
will speculate as to how these gerontogenes might be identified in
other species, paying careful attention to the mapping of quantitative
trait loci (QTLs). This discussion will focus on identifying
gerontogenes in nematodes and mice; much of the material has been
selected from ongoing experiments in our own laboratory....Finally, we
will review work from our laboratory on the genetic determination of
mortality rates."
Correspondence: T. E. Johnson,
University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
64:10728 Wallace, Robert B. The
potential of population surveys for genetic studies. In: Between
Zeus and the salmon: the biodemography of longevity, edited by Kenneth
W. Wachter and Caleb E. Finch. 1997. 234-44 pp. National Academy Press:
Washington, D.C. In Eng.
"Knowledge of the genetic causes of
health conditions and age-related physiologic changes is growing
rapidly. Much of the lore of genetics and health, in addition to basic
genetic science and molecular biology, comes from the study of
informative families and patient groups and, to some extent, from
specifically designed population studies. Many populations have been
surveyed in recent years to address general health issues, and many
more are being surveyed for other important reasons, such as for
testing social, economic, or political hypotheses....However, given the
substantial costs of these population surveys and the restricted
availability of research funds, it is essential to at least explore
possible intersections of genetic inquiry with existing and planned
field studies. The purpose of this paper is to (1) catalog many of the
important geographic surveys being supported and/or archived by NIA
[National Institute on Aging], (2) describe selected, potential
applications of these surveys for genetic study, (3) address the
various modes of specimen collection applicable in population surveys,
and (4) suggest a research agenda to realize these potential
methodologic enhancements."
Correspondence: R. B.
Wallace, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:10729 Wertz, Dorothy C.; Fletcher, John
C. Ethical and social issues in prenatal sex selection: a
survey of geneticists in 37 nations. Social Science and Medicine,
Vol. 46, No. 2, Jan 1998. 255-73 pp. Oxford, England. In Eng.
"In a recent 37-nation survey of 2,903 geneticists and genetic
counselors, 29% would perform prenatal diagnosis (PND) for a couple
with four girls who want a boy and would abort a female fetus. An
additional 20% would offer a referral. The percentage who would perform
PND in the United States (34%) was exceeded only by Israel (68%), Cuba
(62%), Peru (39%), and Mexico (38%). In all, 47% had had requests for
sex selection. There appears to be a trend toward honoring such
requests since a similar survey in 1985. This paper discusses reasons
for this trend and the ethical dilemmas of refusing patient requests in
societies where individual autonomy is
stressed."
Correspondence: D. C. Wertz, Shriver Center
for Mental Retardation, 200 Trapelo Road, Waltham, MA 02254.
Location: Princeton University Library (PR).
