Studies concerned with the relations between population factors as a whole and economic aspects. Relations affecting a single demographic variable and economic factors are coded under the variable concerned and cross-referenced to this division, if appropriate.
Studies concerned equally with economic and social development. Most studies on the microeconomics of the family will be found in G.2. Family and Household and cross-referenced to this division, if appropriate.
Studies on economic and social development with a worldwide emphasis, together with those with no geographical emphasis.
64:10624 Castañón Romo, Roberto;
Sandoval Navarrete, Javier. Population and
development. [Población y desarrollo.] Revista Mexicana de
Sociología, Vol. 58, No. 2, Apr-Jun 1996. 171-84 pp. Mexico
City, Mexico. In Spa. with sum. in Eng.
The authors analyze
"the different theories which explain the two-way relationship
between population growth and economic development. The paper therefore
reviews the positions of Malthus, Simon..., the Club of Rome and the
theories of demographic regulation and transition to further the
understanding of the political, economic and social factors which
influence the adoption of a particular population policy. Finally, the
authors propose the re-definition of woman's social role...that will
lead to the questioning of the current asymmetry between the sexes and
woman's role in the family, as an important part of the redefinition of
population policy, which necessarily implies the exercise of greater
democracy and joint responsibility in the basic unit of the social
fabric: the family."
Correspondence: R.
Castañón Romo, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de
México, Ciudad Universitaria, Del. Coyoacán, 04510 Mexico
City, DF, Mexico. Location: Princeton University Library (PR).
64:10625 Mason, Andrew. Will
population change sustain the "Asian economic miracle"?
AsiaPacific Issues, No. 33, Oct 1997. 7 pp. East-West Center: Honolulu,
Hawaii. In Eng.
"For more than three decades the economic
performance of eight East Asian economies has been the envy of the
world....A new analysis of these economies' growth shows that one of
the key causes of success--favorable demographics--will persist for
another two decades or more....The favorable change in Asian
populations is the result of an unusually rapid transition from high to
low birth and death rates. The resulting population changes have
created an unprecedented opportunity for economic
growth."
Correspondence: East-West Center, 1601
East-West Road, Honolulu, HI 96848. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
64:10626 van Wissen, Leo.
Demography of the firm: modelling and death of firms using the
concept of carrying capacity. In: Population and family in the Low
Countries 1996/1997: selected current issues, edited by Hans van den
Brekel and Fred Deven. 1997. 219-44 pp. Nederlands Interdisciplinair
Demografisch Instituut [NIDI]: The Hague, Netherlands; Centrum voor
Bevolkings- en Gezinsstudiën [CBGS]: Brussels, Belgium. In Eng.
"This paper presents an application of demographic tools to
the study of the population of firms....In this paper a number of
similarities and differences between human demography and economic
demography are presented. The main difference is the presence of
economic markets that drive the underlying processes in economic
demography. The concept of carrying capacity is used here to
incorporate this market mechanism in economic demography. The concept
is defined in a spatial setting and its validity is illustrated using
empirical data from the Netherlands."
Correspondence:
L. van Wissen, Netherlands Interdisciplinary Demographic
Institute, Postbus 11650, 2502 AR The Hague, Netherlands. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
General studies on the relations between population factors and economic development in developing countries. Includes studies on dependency as they relate to developing countries.
64:10627 Ahonsi, Babatunde A.
Gender relations, demographic change and the prospects for
sustainable development in Africa. Africa Development/Afrique et
Développement, Vol. 20, No. 4, 1995. 85-114 pp. Abidjan, Ivory
Coast. In Eng. with sum. in Fre.
"The subject of this paper is
the interconnections between gender relations, demographic change and
Africa's prospects for sustainable development in the larger context of
the ecological, economic and socio-political forces that shape living
conditions in the region....The thrust of [the] argument is that the
rapid and uneven growth of population is only one of many factors
implicated in Africa's econo-environmental crisis. But its strong
synergism with gender relations and the limited scope for overcoming
the externally derived problems means that a transition to lower
fertility and elevated women's status may be Africa's most realistic
avenue to sustainable development."
Correspondence: B.
A. Ahonsi, University of Lagos, Department of Sociology, Lagos,
Nigeria. Location: Princeton University Library (PR).
64:10628 Bajraj, Reynaldo; Bravo, Jorge;
Tapinos, Georges. Economic adjustment and demographic
responses in Latin America: an overview. In: Demographic responses
to economic adjustment in Latin America, edited by Georges Tapinos,
Andrew Mason, and Jorge Bravo. 1997. 3-16 pp. Clarendon Press: Oxford,
England. In Eng.
"The purpose of this chapter is to provide an
overview of economic adjustment in Latin America over the last decade
and to review the still sparse but growing evidence relating to the
demographic responses associated with such changes. First, we present
the economic background to the analyses of the demographic
fluctuations, which are examined in the second part of the
chapter." The authors briefly review the papers included in this
volume.
Correspondence: R. Bajraj, UN Centro
Latinoamericano de Demografía, Edificio Naciones Unidas, Avenida
Dag Hammarskjold, Casilla 91, Santiago, Chile. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:10629 Bravo, Jorge.
Demographic consequences of economic adjustment in Chile. In:
Demographic responses to economic adjustment in Latin America, edited
by Georges Tapinos, Andrew Mason, and Jorge Bravo. 1997. 156-73 pp.
Clarendon Press: Oxford, England. In Eng.
The author analyzes the
demographic impact of economic adjustment in Chile. "A brief
overview of the adjustment process is given, highlighting its major
phases during the last twenty years. Economic changes, including the
evolution of the principal social policies, are then linked to
demographic fluctuations, separate sections being devoted to changes in
nuptiality, fertility, health conditions and mortality, migration, and
spatial distribution."
Correspondence: J. Bravo, UN
Centro Latinoamericano de Demografía, Edificio Naciones Unidas,
Avenida Dag Hammarskjold, Casilla 91, Santiago, Chile. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:10630 Cai, Fang. Analysis of
continued economic progress in China. Chinese Journal of
Population Science, Vol. 9, No. 2, 1997. 101-14 pp. New York, New York.
In Eng.
"This paper uses...historic and theoretical points of
view to explain continued economic progress [and to refute] some
incorrect views regarding China's economic progress. One view in this
paper deals with how China's continued economic progress could burden
and threaten [the world]. Another view...analyzes the government's
improper policy toward the relationship among China's modern
population, resources, and environment."
Correspondence:
F. Cai, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, Institute of
Population Science, 5 Jianguomen Nei Da Jie 5 Hao, Beijing, China.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:10631 Crenshaw, Edward M.; Ameen, Ansari
Z.; Christenson, Matthew. Population dynamics and economic
development: age-specific population growth rates and economic growth
in developing countries, 1965 to 1990. American Sociological
Review, Vol. 62, No. 6, Dec 1997. 974-84 pp. Washington, D.C. In Eng.
"In this cross-national investigation of the economic growth
rates of 75 developing countries, we regress the annual average
percentage change in real gross domestic product per capita from 1965
to 1990 on demographic models that incorporate either total population
growth rates and labor force growth rates or age-specific population
growth rates. We find than an increase in the child population hinders
economic progress, while an increase in the adult population fosters
economic development. We posit a demographic windfall effect whereby
the demographic transition allows a massive, one-time boost in economic
development as rapid labor force growth occurs in the absence of
burgeoning youth dependency. We also speculate on a demographic ratchet
effect whereby economies lie fallow during `baby booms,' but grow
rapidly as `boomers' age and take up their economic roles in
society."
Correspondence: E. M. Crenshaw, Ohio State
University, Department of Sociology, 300 Bricker Hall, 190 North Oval
Mall, Columbus, OH 43210. E-mail: crenshaw.4@osu.edu. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:10632 Kulkarni, Sumati.
Inter-relationship between population and socio-economic
development in India--present conditions and future scenario. In:
Population policy and reproductive health, edited by K. Srinivasan.
1996. 67-82 pp. Hindustan Publishing Corporation: New Delhi, India. In
Eng.
"This paper proposes to examine the relationship between
population and economic development [in India] on the basis of
available evidence and analysis of recent data." Aspects
considered include population trends, macroeconomic performance,
evidence of demographic pressure and future implications, new economic
policy and population growth, and challenges for the
future.
Correspondence: S. Kulkarni, International
Institute for Population Sciences, Govandi Station Road, Deonar, Mumbai
400 088, India. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:10633 Mason, Andrew. The
response of fertility and mortality to economic crisis and structural
adjustment policy during the 1980s: a review. In: Demographic
responses to economic adjustment in Latin America, edited by Georges
Tapinos, Andrew Mason, and Jorge Bravo. 1997. 17-33 pp. Clarendon
Press: Oxford, England. In Eng.
"The purpose of this chapter
is to review the demographic experience of the 1980s [in Latin America]
and to assess the impact of economic crisis and structural adjustment
on fertility and mortality. There are two principal concerns. The first
is that structural adjustment policies have had adverse and
unanticipated effects on mortality or fertility, undermining important
social objectives of development. A second possibility is that
mortality has increased or fertility decline has slowed because of
economic problems which are unrelated to structural adjustment
policies....[The author concludes that] the existing studies are mixed
in their assessment about the demographic impacts, but there is no
evidence of a widespread decline in childbearing or increase in
mortality. In some Latin American countries, fertility and mortality do
not seem to have been affected at all."
Correspondence:
A. Mason, East-West Center, Program on Population, 1601 East-West
Road, Honolulu, HI 96848. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
64:10634 Mayur, Rashmi. Challenge
of population growth and sustainable future of India. In:
Population policy and reproductive health, edited by K. Srinivasan.
1996. 329-31 pp. Hindustan Publishing Corporation: New Delhi, India. In
Eng.
The author discusses the grave consequences of India's
continued population increase, particularly the impact on the
environment and development. Recommendations for solving the population
problem are offered.
Correspondence: R. Mayur, Urban
Development Institute, 73A Mittal Tower, Nariman Point, Mumbai 400 021,
India. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:10635 Mufuka, Ken; Iverson,
Shepherd. Overpopulation and unemployment in
Zimbabwe. Development Southern Africa, Vol. 13, No. 1, Feb 1996.
79-88 pp. Halfway House, South Africa. In Eng.
"This article
argues that the population explosion in Zimbabwe can be traced to three
causes: the country's economic prosperity during the period of the
central African Federation (1953-63), and its successful food policy,
both before and after independence; the success of the health system,
also in both periods; and the fact that women have not been
incorporated into the economy as wage-earners, which has contributed to
a high birth rate."
Correspondence: K. Mufuka, Lander
University, Greenwood, SC 29649. Location: Princeton
University Library (PR).
64:10636 Ortega-Osona, José A.; Reher,
David. Short-term economic fluctuations and demographic
behaviour: some examples from twentieth-century South America. In:
Demographic responses to economic adjustment in Latin America, edited
by Georges Tapinos, Andrew Mason, and Jorge Bravo. 1997. 129-55 pp.
Clarendon Press: Oxford, England. In Eng.
"In this chapter we
will analyse short-term fluctuations of economic and demographic
variables for selected countries of the Latin American region. The
rather disappointing results of our initial models will be evaluated in
terms of the demographic and economic changes taking place during the
present century. Two further methods enabling us to view this
relationship more clearly will be proposed. Overall, our analysis will
point to the following conclusions: (1) during the present century, the
traditional relationship between short-term demographic and economic
fluctuations continues to exist but has varied considerably over the
century; and (2) the new methods of analysis we have proposed have been
found to be adequate for testing the existence and intensity of these
relationships."
Correspondence: J. A. Ortega-Osona,
University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:10637 Rios-Neto, Eduardo; Carvalho,
José A. M. de. Demographic consequences of
structural adjustment: the case of Brazil. In: Demographic
responses to economic adjustment in Latin America, edited by Georges
Tapinos, Andrew Mason, and Jorge Bravo. 1997. 174-98 pp. Clarendon
Press: Oxford, England. In Eng.
"In this chapter, we study the
case of twentieth-century Brazil, focusing on the impact of economic
variables on the annual variations of vital rates. We give particular
attention to the impact of post-war stabilization policies and
structural adjustment on the fluctuations of marriages, births, and
deaths. In the next section we review the literature dealing with the
evolution of vital rates in Brazil and São Paulo, with special
emphasis on the historical process and the structural adjustment of the
1980s. In the third section we review the literature on the
determinants of short-term fluctuation on vital rates in the
pre-industrial and Latin American settings. In the final section, we
use time series analyses to evaluate the impact of annual variations in
real minimum wages, and real gross domestic product on vital rates
(marriages, births, and deaths)."
Correspondence: E.
Rios-Neto, Universidad Federal de Minas Gerais, Centro de
Planeación Regional y Urbanización, Belo Horizonte,
Brazil. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:10638 Tapinos, Georges; Mason, Andrew;
Bravo, Jorge. Demographic responses to economic adjustment
in Latin America. ISBN 0-19-829210-4. LC 96-52402. 1997. vii, 258
pp. Clarendon Press: Oxford, England. In Eng.
This is a collection
of papers dealing with the demographic impact of economic adjustment in
Latin America. The papers are grouped into sections on the general
framework, policy and institutional factors, short-term fluctuations in
vital rates, and family labor force responses.
Selected items will
be cited in this or subsequent issues of Population
Index.
Correspondence: Oxford University Press, Great
Clarendon Street, Oxford OX2 6DP, England. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
64:10639 Tripathi, R. S.; Tiwari, R.
P. Population growth and development in India. ISBN
81-7024-783-7. 1996. xxiii, 360 pp. APH Publishing: New Delhi, India.
In Eng.
This is a collection of papers by various Indian scholars
on aspects of population and development in India. The table of
contents is as follows: Population growth and development: prospects
and consequences, by K. N. S. Yadava and G. S. Yadava; The concept of
development, by S. K. Sharma; Growing population and changing
threshold: a study of infrastructural development in Jammu and Kashmir,
by Mohd. Y. Bhat and Mohd. S. Bhat; Spatio-temporal variations in
female employment: a study of rural Madhya Pradesh, by R. S. Tripathi
and R. P. Tiwari; Population problems and planning strategy in Haryana
state: a geographical perspective, by S. H. Ansari and Kokila Rani;
Growth of population and agricultural changes in Madhya Pradesh, by C.
K. Jain; Levels, trend and determinants of infant and child mortality
in Orissa, by Ranjana Kar; Population potential model and spatial
distribution of population, by V. Phanse and A. Dubey; Consequences of
rapid population growth in Uttarkhand: a geographical outlook, by S. S.
A. Jafari; The villages, the village population and spatial
organisation of Vashishthi river basin (Maharashtra), by S. Karlekar;
Impact of population on the availability of health care facilities in
Kashmir Valley, by I. A. Mayer; Differential urbanization and regional
imbalances: a case study of the Lower Damodar Valley region, by S.
Basu; People's participation in development schemes, by R. C.
Srivastava and Prem Prakash; Development of public welfare measures and
growth of population in erstwhile Rewa state (1901-1941): an historical
account, by P. K. Tiwari; Temporal and spatial variations in population
growth in Andaman island, India, by R. P. Mishra and Manju Suresh;
Population growth and prospects of human resource development in
Bilaspur District (M.P.), by V. K. Patel; Population growth and human
resource development in Mandsaur district (M.P.), by A. K. Srivastava
and Mahesh Jain; Variation of population growth rate (1901-1991): a
case study of Seoni Plateau (M.P.), by Rajeev Koshal; Population growth
and agricultural landuse in semiarid region: a case study of Ahmadnagar
district (Maharashtra), by B. C. Vaidya; Female workforce and rural
development: a case study, by Seema Shukla and P. N. Shukla; Adoption
of family planning practices and its relationship with socio-economic
characteristics: a changing profile in Seoni district (M.P.), by Rajeev
Koshal; The level and trends of infant mortality in rural Uttar
Pradesh, by Sandeep Parmar; Population characteristics of the small
farmers and their adoptability of wheat technology: an empirical
analysis, by Sandeep Parmar.
Correspondence: APH
Publishing, 5 Ansari Road, Daryanganj, New Delhi 110 002, India.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:10640 Zhang, Lingguang. Impact
of declining fertility on population growth and socioeconomic
development. In: 1992 National Fertility and Family Planning
Survey, China: selected research papers in English. Oct 1997. 109-15
pp. State Family Planning Commission of China: Beijing, China; U.S.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC]: Atlanta, Georgia. In
Eng.
The author discusses the relationship between population
growth and socioeconomic development in China. The probability that
recent low fertility rates can be maintained in the future is
considered. Other topics examined include population growth and the
availability of resources; the impact of declining fertility on the
pension system and on the workforce and productivity; and poverty and
income distribution.
Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
64:10641 Zhang, Shao Long.
Population, consumption, and continuous economic progress.
Chinese Journal of Population Science, Vol. 9, No. 3, 1997. 215-22 pp.
New York, New York. In Eng.
The author discusses prospects for
modernization and economic development in China. The interrelations
among economic growth, natural resources, environmental protection,
population growth, and consumption are considered.
Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
Studies on the relations between population and economic factors as they affect the developed world. Also includes studies on the economic effects of a stationary or declining population, the effects of aging on the economy, retirement, and problems of economic dependency in developed countries.
64:10642 Barber, Clarence L.
Declining population growth as a cause of the Depression.
Journal of Economic Perspectives, Vol. 9, No. 2, Spring 1995. 245-6 pp.
Nashville, Tennessee. In Eng.
"Recurrent interest in the Great
Depression may reflect a feeling that economists still don't fully
understand why the depression originated in the United States and why
it became so severe in a country that had believed itself to be in a
period of permanent prosperity....What economists may have overlooked
is the importance of a declining rate of population growth as a causal
factor....A crucial factor contributing to the depression may have been
the predictions of demographers."
Correspondence: C.
L. Barber, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia V8W 2Y2,
Canada. Location: Princeton University Library (SPIA).
64:10643 Ezrati, Milton. Japan's
aging economics. Foreign Affairs, Vol. 76, No. 3, May-Jun 1997.
96-104 pp. New York, New York. In Eng.
"Japan's population is
aging faster than that of any other country in the world. The
unprecedented increase in retirees relative to the size of Japan's work
force will force radical change if the nation is to avoid a fiscal
crisis, or worse. These seemingly innocent demographic changes will
force Japan to shrink its famously high savings rate, reverse its proud
trade surplus, send more industry overseas, liberalize its tightly
controlled markets, and take on a more active, high-profile foreign
policy. Ultimately, these changes will shift the balance of power in
East Asia."
Correspondence: M. Ezrati, Nomura Asset
Management, 180 Maiden Lane, New York, NY 10038. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:10644 Helliwell, John F.
National borders, trade and migration. NBER Working Paper, No.
6027, May 1997. 29 pp. National Bureau of Economic Research [NBER]:
Cambridge, Massachusetts. In Eng.
"The paper first extends and
reconciles recent estimates of the strikingly large effect of national
borders on trade patterns....Initial estimates from a census-based
gravity model of interprovincial and international migration [between
Canada and the United States] show a much higher border effect for
migration, with interprovincial migration among the Anglophone
[Canadian] provinces almost 100 times as dense as that from U.S. states
to Canadian provinces. Effects of migration on subsequent trade
patterns are found for international but not for interprovincial trade,
suggesting the existence of nationally-shared networks, norms and
institutions as possible sources of the large national border effects
for trade flows."
Correspondence: National Bureau of
Economic Research, 1050 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02138.
Author's E-mail: helliwel@unixg.ubc.ca. Location: Princeton
University Library (PF).
Studies on the environment, quality of life, conservation, food production, etc., and their interrelations with population factors.
64:10645 Buen, Jørund; Hansen,
Stein. Scope for sustainable food production in
China. Fridtjof Nansen Institute Publication Series, No. 2, ISBN
82-7613-211-1. 1997. 40 pp. Fridtjof Nansen Institute: Lysaker, Norway.
In Eng.
These are the proceedings of a seminar held by the Forum
for Norwegian China Competence on June 10, 1997 on the prospects for
sustainable food production in China. The focus is on two papers, one
by Nikos Alexandratos, head of FAO's Global Perspectives Unit on
China's food and the world, and the other by Gerhard Heilig of the
International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis presenting a
modeling analysis of China's future food demand. The first paper
questions Lester Brown's contention that the booming economy of China
will place unprecedented demands on global food supplies, and the
second emphasizes the uncertainties in the forecasting process
concerning the balance between population growth and available food
supplies.
Correspondence: Fridtjof Nansen Institute,
Fridtjof Nansens vei 17, Postboks 326, 1324 Lysaker, Norway. E-mail:
sentralbord@fni.no. Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
64:10646 Fischer, Günther; Heilig,
Gerhard K. Population momentum and the demand on land and
water resources. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society
of London, B, Vol. 352, 1997. 869-89 pp. London, England. In Eng.
"This paper investigates, by major world regions and
countries, what we know about population growth, what can be projected
with reasonable certainty, and what is pure speculation. The exposition
sets a frame for analysing demographic driving forces that are expected
to increase human demand and pressures on land and water
resources....In establishing a balance between availability of land
resources and projected needs, the paper distinguishes regions with
limited land and water resources and high population pressure from
areas with abundant resources and low or moderate demographic
demand." The authors conclude that "the regions which will
experience the largest difficulties in meeting future demand for land
resources and water...include foremost Western Asia, South-Central
Asia, and Northern Africa. A large stress on resources is to be
expected also in many countries of Eastern, Western and Southern
Africa."
Correspondence: G. Fischer, International
Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Schlossplatz 1, 2361 Laxenburg,
Austria. E-Mail: fisher@iiasa.ac.at. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
64:10647 Gardner-Outlaw, Tom; Engelman,
Robert. Sustaining water, easing scarcity: a second
update. 1997. 20 pp. Population Action International, Population
and Environment Program: Washington, D.C. In Eng.
This report
presents revised estimates of the number of people who will be living
in countries experiencing water shortages over the next 50 years. The
revised estimates take into account the latest UN projections
indicating that the world's population will be smaller by about 450
million people in the year 2050 than previously thought. The authors
state that there are currently over 430 million people living in
countries suffering water shortages, and estimate that the percentage
of the world's population living in water-stressed countries will
increase from three- to fivefold by the year
2050.
Correspondence: Population Action International,
Population and Environment Program, 1120 19th Street NW, Suite 550,
Washington, D.C. 20036. Author's E-mail: tgo@popact.org. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:10648 Hinrichsen, Don. Winning
the food race. Population Reports, Series M: Special Topics, No.
13, Dec 1997. 23 pp. Johns Hopkins University, Center for Communication
Programs, Population Information Program [PIP]: Baltimore, Maryland. In
Eng.
The prospects for providing sufficient food for the world's
growing population in the twenty-first century are assessed in this
report. The author concludes that "in many developing countries
rapid population growth makes it difficult for food production to keep
up with demand. Helping couples prevent unintended pregnancies by
providing family planning would slow the growth in demand for food.
This would buy time to increase food supplies and improve food
production technologies while conserving natural
resources."
Correspondence: Johns Hopkins School of
Public Health, Population Information Program, Center for Communication
Programs, 111 Market Place, Suite 310, Baltimore, MD 21202-4012.
E-mail: PopRepts@welchlink.welch.jhu.edu. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
64:10649 Pimentel, David; Pimentel,
Marcia. The demographic and environmental consequences of
the green revolution. Focus, Vol. 4, No. 1, 1994. 37-44 pp. Tulsa,
Oklahoma. In Eng.
"Productive agricultural programs and ample
nutritious food supplies are fundamental to the social structure and
economy of all nations. Some have hypothesized that development,
including agricultural development, is essential to reducing population
growth....In this paper the role of agriculture as a solution to the
population and environmental problem is
examined."
Correspondence: D. Pimentel, Cornell
University, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Ithaca, NY 14853.
Location: Cornell University Library, Ithaca, NY.
64:10650 Poleman, Thomas T.
Recent trends in food availability and nutritional wellbeing.
Population and Environment, Vol. 19, No. 2, Nov 1997. 145-65 pp. New
York, New York. In Eng.
"This paper notes that, despite a
doubling of the world's population, the past half century has witnessed
marked improvements in per capita food availabilities and nutritional
wellbeing in most parts of the globe. Aggregate diet quality has gone
up in most developing countries and the incidence of child
malnourishment and infant mortality has declined sharply. For the two
groups falling outside of these generalizations--those living in
Sub-Saharan Africa and the more impoverished of the three countries of
the Indian subcontinent--remedial action lies less with agriculture
than in political reform (Africa) and more and better paying jobs
(Asia)."
Correspondence: T. T. Poleman, Cornell
University, Department of Agriculture, Resource, and Managerial
Economics, Ithaca, NY 14853-7801. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
64:10651 United Nations. Department of
Economic and Social Affairs. Population Division (New York, New
York). Government views on the relationships between
population and environment. No. ST/ESA/SER.R/147, Pub. Order No.
E.98.XIII.7. ISBN 92-1-151318-9. 1997. vii, 78 pp. New York, New York.
In Eng.
This report, which has been compiled from national reports
and statements presented at a number of recent UN conferences,
describes the perceptions of selected governments on the impact of
population size, growth, and spatial distribution on the physical
environment.
Correspondence: UN Department of Economic and
Social Affairs, Population Division, United Nations, New York, NY
10017. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
Studies of employment and labor force statistics that are of demographic relevance. Includes studies of the labor force (employment status, occupation, and industry) and of the relations among employment, labor force participation, and population factors. Studies on the effect of female labor force participation on fertility are coded under F.1. General Fertility and cross-referenced here.
64:10652 Amin, Sajeda; Diamond, Ian; Naved,
Ruchira T.; Newby, Margaret. Transition to adulthood of
female factory workers: some evidence from Bangladesh. Population
Council Policy Research Division Working Paper, No. 102, 1997. 52 pp.
Population Council, Policy Research Division: New York, New York. In
Eng.
"The rapidly expanding sector of garment manufacturing
for export is unusual for Bangladesh in that it employs young,
unmarried women in large numbers. This paper examines data from a study
on garment workers in Bangladesh to explore the implications of work
for the early socialization of young women....Work creates a period of
transition as contrasted with the abrupt assumption of adult roles at
very young ages that marriage and childbearing mandate. It is argued
that this longer transition creates a period of adolescence for young
women working in the garment sector and that some aspects of
adolescence have strong implications for the long-term reproductive
health of these young women."
Correspondence:
Population Council, Policy Research Division, One Dag Hammarskjold
Plaza, New York, NY 10017. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
64:10653 Blundell, Richard; Johnson,
Paul. Pensions and retirement in the UK. NBER Working
Paper, No. 6154, Sep 1997. 52, [17] pp. National Bureau of Economic
Research [NBER]: Cambridge, Massachusetts. In Eng.
"Labor
force participation of men over age 50 fell dramatically in the UK
between the early 1970s and early 1990s. Despite the fact that the
state retirement pension does not become available to men until age 65,
half of men aged 60-64 were economically inactive in the mid
1990s....Overall the state retirement pension system offers no
incentives for people to retire early. However, other benefits are
available to people before the age of 65....The state pension
system...is complemented by extensive occupational pension coverage.
For those in the occupational system the rules of their own scheme are
likely to be an important element in their retirement
decision."
Correspondence: National Bureau of Economic
Research, 1050 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02138. Location:
Princeton University Library (PF).
64:10654 Börsch-Supan, Axel; Schnabel,
Reinhold. Social security and retirement in Germany.
NBER Working Paper, No. 6153, Sep 1997. 38, [19] pp. National Bureau of
Economic Research [NBER]: Cambridge, Massachusetts. In Eng.
"This paper describes the German public old age social
security program (`Gesetzliche Rentenversicherung') and its incentive
effects on retirement decisions....It summarizes labor market behavior
of older persons in Germany during the last 35 years and surveys the
empirical literature on the effects of the social security system on
retirement in Germany. The paper shows that even after the 1992 reform
the German system is actuarially unfair. This generates a substantial
redistribution from late to early retirees and creates incentives to
early retirement."
Correspondence: National Bureau of
Economic Research, 1050 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02138.
Author's E-mail: axel@econ.uni-mannheim.de. Location:
Princeton University Library (PF).
64:10655 Brugiavini, Agar. Social
security and retirement in Italy. NBER Working Paper, No. 6155,
Sep 1997. 55, [47] pp. National Bureau of Economic Research [NBER]:
Cambridge, Massachusetts. In Eng.
"This paper analyzes the
incentives provided by the Italian Social Security System (SS) to
supply labor...by first documenting the stylized facts of the labor
market and the SS provisions. A simulation model is then developed to
better understand the incentive effects of SS on current cohorts of
retirees....The simulation results show that the Italian SS Program
provides a strong incentive to retire early and the age-implicit tax
profile fits very closely with the estimated hazards out of the labor
force. Additional evidence of the existence of behavioral responses to
SS policy changes lends further support to the view that old age
insurance arrangements have an influence on labor supply
decisions."
Correspondence: National Bureau of
Economic Research, 1050 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02138.
Author's E-mail: brugiavi@unive.it. Location: Princeton
University Library (PF).
64:10656 Callister, Paul. Ethnic
and labour force classifications in couple families: some
methodological issues in the use of census data. New Zealand
Population Review, Vol. 22, No. 1-2, May-Nov 1996. 83-7 pp. Wellington,
New Zealand. In Eng.
The author investigates the relation between
labor force participation rates and ethnicity in New Zealand couple
families. The "data suggest that defining couples and wider family
groupings as `Maori', `Pacific Islands' or `other' by the ethnicity of
just one adult disguises differences within these family groups which
may be just as important as the differences between
them."
Correspondence: P. Callister, Paul Callister
and Associates, Economic and Social Research, Paekakariki, New Zealand.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:10657 Cui, Fengyuan; Cheng, Shen.
On the impact of reproductive behavior upon the supply of female
labor. Chinese Journal of Population Science, Vol. 9, No. 2, 1997.
161-9 pp. New York, New York. In Eng.
The authors attempt to answer
the following questions: "First, does reproduction affect the
supply of labor in China, and if it does, what are the indicators?
Second, do the supply models for female labor in the West fit the
reality of China?" The impact of wife's age, wages, legally
required maternity leave, and relationships with parents is
considered.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:10658 de Oliveira, Orlandina;
García, Brígida. Recent changes in the
Mexican industrial labor force. [Cambios recientes en la fuerza de
trabajo industrial mexicana.] Estudios Demográficos y Urbanos,
Vol. 11, No. 2, May-Aug 1996. 229-62, 419 pp. Mexico City, Mexico. In
Spa. with sum. in Eng.
"We study...some of the repercussions
of the crisis and economic restructuring on the manufacturing labour
force in the main urban areas of Mexico. Using the data of the National
Survey of Urban Employment for the period 1986-1992, we set, first of
all, the evolution of female and male presence in the manufacture of
the country's main industrial cities. Further, some of the
characteristics of the manufacturing labour force in different types of
cities are examined. For this purpose, we are considering several
issues: the condition of wage earner and non-wage earner workers, the
size of the establishment, some sociodemographic aspects (gender, age,
schooling level, and condition of the head of household), as well as
different aspects related to labour conditions (length of workday, job
benefits, and salary levels)."
Correspondence: O. de
Oliveira, El Colegio de México, Centro de Estudios Sociologicos,
Camino al Ajusco 20, Pedregal de Santa Teresa, 01000 Mexico, DF,
Mexico. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:10659 Dustmann, Christian; Rajah, Najma;
Smith, Stephen. Teenage truancy, part-time working and
wages. Journal of Population Economics, Vol. 10, No. 4, 1997.
425-42 pp. Berlin, Germany. In Eng.
"Although the determinants
of teenager participation in the labour market have been studied
previously (both in the United States and the United Kingdom), there
remain a number of neglected questions. We address some of these in
this paper, basing our analysis on data taken from the UK National
Child Development Study. We first examine how teenagers divide their
time between working and studying. We further analyse what explains
teenage wages and labour supply. We utilize a rich set of variables
describing parental background, as well as parents' labour force status
and draw on information on physical stature to explain variations in
wages."
Correspondence: C. Dustmann, University
College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, England. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:10660 Francesconi, Marco. A
dynamic structured analysis of female labour supply and fertility: the
role of part-time work. Working Papers of the ESRC Research Centre
on Micro-Social Change, No. 95-22, Nov 1995. 64 pp. University of
Essex, ESRC Research Centre on Micro-Social Change: Colchester,
England. In Eng.
"This paper [which is published in two
separate parts] formulates and estimates a dynamic stochastic
structural model of a married woman's labor force participation and
fertility decisions. Questions addressed by this study include: Is high
persistence in employment (in that women who participate at one age are
more likely to participate in future ages) a common feature to both
part-timers and full-timers? How would the patterns of women's
employment and fertility behaviour vary with changes in exogenous
variables, such as schooling level, or the shape of the earnings
profiles. To what extent does parity change when part-time work becomes
relatively `less costly' as compared to full-time work? And is
part-time work a viable strategy for women to keep their `hands in' the
labor market while raising children?...The theoretical model is
estimated using data from the [U.S.] National Longitudinal Survey of
Young Women, 1968-1991."
Correspondence: University of
Essex, ESRC Research Centre on Micro-Social Change, Wivenhoe Park,
Colchester, Essex C04 3SQ, England. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
64:10661 Galbi, Douglas A. Child
labor and the division of labor in the early English cotton mills.
Journal of Population Economics, Vol. 10, No. 4, 1997. 357-75 pp.
Berlin, Germany. In Eng.
"The share of children employed in
English cotton factories fell significantly before the introduction of
effective child labor legislation in the early 1830s. The early
factories employed predominantly children because adults without
factory experience were relatively unproductive factory workers. The
subsequent growth of the cotton industry fostered the development of a
labor market for productive adult factory workers. This effect helps
account for the shift toward adults in the cotton factory
workforce."
Correspondence: D. A. Galbi, 1307 North
Ode Street, Apartment 435, Arlington, VA 22209. E-mail:
edinp@tomco.net. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:10662 García, Brígida;
Oliveira, Orlandina de. Economic recession and changing
determinants of women's work. In: Demographic responses to
economic adjustment in Latin America, edited by Georges Tapinos, Andrew
Mason, and Jorge Bravo. 1997. 229-51 pp. Clarendon Press: Oxford,
England. In Eng.
"The purpose of this chapter is to study the
determinants of women's work in different social groups in Mexico
before and during the economic recession of the 1980s. The aim is to
explore through a multivariate analysis how economic constraint may
have changed the influence of age, education, place of residence, and
family responsibilities on women's economic performance. Because Mexico
is an unequal and polarized society, the changing effect of the
different variables during the recession is analysed separately for
more and less privileged groups of the population. The Encuesta
Nacional Demográfica (END) of 1982, and the Encuesta Nacional de
Fecundidad y Salud (ENFES) of 1987 constitute our sources of basic
information."
Correspondence: B. García, El
Colegio de México, Camino al Ajusco 20, 10740 Mexico City, DF,
Mexico. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:10663 Gruber, Jonathan; Wise,
David. Social security programs and retirement around the
world. NBER Working Paper, No. 6134, Aug 1997. 27, [24] pp.
National Bureau of Economic Research [NBER]: Cambridge, Massachusetts.
In Eng.
"The populations in all industrialized countries are
aging rapidly and individual life expectancies are increasing. Yet
older workers are leaving the labor force at younger and younger
ages....Together these trends have put enormous pressure on the
financial solvency of social security systems around the world....This
paper is a summary of the findings of the evidence in eleven
industrialized countries....It is clear there is a strong
correspondence between the age at which benefits are available and
departure from the labor force....We conclude that social security
program provisions have indeed contributed to the decline in the labor
force participation of older persons, substantially reducing the
potential productive capacity of the labor
force."
Correspondence: National Bureau of Economic
Research, 1050 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02138. Author's
E-mail: jonathan.gruber@ms01.do.treas.sprint.com. Location:
Princeton University Library (PF).
64:10664 Hamermesh, Daniel S.
Immigration and the quality of jobs. NBER Working Paper, No.
6195, Sep 1997. 30 pp. National Bureau of Economic Research [NBER]:
Cambridge, Massachusetts. In Eng.
"A precondition for the
absence of labor-market competition between immigrants and natives is
that they differ in their willingness to accept work that offers
different amenities. The implications of a model embodying this
assumption are that immigrants will be observed experiencing inferior
workplace amenities than natives, and that the presence of immigrants
will affect the amenities natives enjoy." The author examines
these hypotheses using data from the 1991 Current Population Surveys
and the Quality of American Life Surveys of 1971 and 1978. "The
analysis clearly shows that observationally similar immigrants and
native whites enjoy very similar packages of
amenities....African-Americans, however, receive a set of workplace
amenities that is inferior to that of otherwise similar native whites
and immigrants."
Correspondence: National Bureau of
Economic Research, 1050 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02138.
Author's E-mail: hamermes@eco.utexas.edu. Location: Princeton
University Library (PF).
64:10665 Hoem, Britta. The way to
the gender-segregated Swedish labour market. In: Gender and family
change in industrialized countries, edited by Karen O. Mason and
An-Magritt Jensen. 1995. 279-96 pp. Clarendon Press: Oxford, England.
In Eng.
Some aspects of sex-specific labor force participation in
Sweden are explored. In particular, "this chapter modifies the
somewhat glorified picture of Swedish gender equality by providing some
facts about hours actually worked, about the `self-selected' gender
segregation in the Swedish educational system, and about its
consequences for segregation in the labour
market."
Correspondence: B. Hoem, Statistics Sweden,
Karlavagen 100, 115 81 Stockholm, Sweden. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
64:10666 Hsueh, James Cherng-Tay; Chien,
Wen-Yin. An exploratory study of job mobility for
reworking women in Taiwan. Journal of Population Studies, No. 18,
Jun 1997. 67-98 pp. Taipei, Taiwan. In Chi. with sum. in Eng.
"It is shown that around one seventh of married women has
experienced returning [to the] labor market. Among them, more than half
did not move up or down relative to their former occupational status.
In multiple covariate analyses, we found schooling is the most
essential factor explaining the changes of occupational statuses."
The authors analyze the determinants of women returning to the labor
force after marriage and childbirth, using data from a 1993 survey in
Taiwan.
Correspondence: J. C.-T Hsueh, National Taiwan
University, Department of Sociology, 1 Roosevelt Road, Section 4,
Taipei, Taiwan. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:10667 Jia, Shaofeng; Meng,
Xiangjing. Forecasting analysis of employment in
China. Chinese Journal of Population Science, Vol. 9, No. 2, 1997.
115-21 pp. New York, New York. In Eng.
The authors discuss
employment forecasts in China, with a focus on the problem of excess
labor. Labor force supply and demand are projected, and future trends
in employment and unemployment are outlined. Differences between rural
and urban areas are considered.
Correspondence: S. Jia,
Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Geography, 52 San Li He Road,
Beijing 100864, China. Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
64:10668 Joesch, Jutta M. Paid
leave and the timing of women's employment before and after birth.
Journal of Marriage and the Family, Vol. 59, No. 4, Nov 1997. 1,008-21
pp. Minneapolis, Minnesota. In Eng.
"From a theoretical
perspective, a paid leave policy for childbirth has two effects: It
encourages some women to interrupt work for a longer time, and it
entices other women to return to their job after birth rather than
quit, resulting in a shorter interruption of work. It is, thus,
ambiguous on theoretical grounds alone whether, on average, paid leave
leads to longer or shorter interruptions of work. This issue is
investigated empirically in an economic framework with survival
analysis and data from the 1988 [U.S.] National Survey of Family
Growth. Women with access to paid leave were found to work later into
pregnancy, to be less likely to work during the birth month, and to
start work sooner once the infant was a least 2 months old. For women
who had paid leave available, additional weeks of leave lengthened work
interruptions but at a decreasing rate."
Correspondence:
J. M. Joesch, University of Washington, School of Public Health
and Community Medicine, Box 357660, WA 98195-7660. E-mail:
joesch@u.washington.edu. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
64:10669 Kapteyn, Arie; de Vos,
Klaas. Social security and retirement in the
Netherlands. NBER Working Paper, No. 6135, Aug 1997. 38, [13] pp.
National Bureau of Economic Research [NBER]: Cambridge, Massachusetts.
In Eng.
"Compared to other industrialized countries, the labor
force participation of the elderly in the Netherlands is very low.
Moreover, it has fallen very fast over recent years. We discuss the
incentives for employees to retire, arising from public schemes such as
social security and disability insurance, and from private
arrangements, such as early retirement and occupational pensions. In
general, the generous replacement rates offered by these schemes act as
powerful stimuli for retirement. Although Dutch research into the
retirement effects of the earnings replacement schemes for the elderly
was limited until the early nineties, there is now a fast growing
literature on this. This literature confirms the findings in the
current paper."
Correspondence: National Bureau of
Economic Research, 1050 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02138.
Location: Princeton University Library (PF).
64:10670 Kohler, Catherine; Thave,
Suzanne. The economically active immigrant population in
1982 and 1990. [La population active immigrée en 1982 et
1990.] INSEE Résultats:
Démographie-Société, No. 61, ISBN 2-11-066647-1.
Oct 1997. 138 pp. Institut National de la Statistique et des Etudes
Economiques [INSEE]: Paris, France. In Fre.
This report presents a
selection of data concerning the immigrant population in France for the
intercensal period 1982-1990. It is noted that the immigrant population
of working age has increased by 137,000 since 1982 to reach a total of
2,137,000 in 1990, and that unemployment in this population has
increased by about the same amount. To some extent the effects of
unemployment among men are compensated for by an increase in the
employment of female immigrants. Unemployment particularly affects the
young and those of African origin.
Correspondence: Institut
National de la Statistique et des Etudes Economiques, 18 boulevard
Adolphe Pinard, 75675 Paris Cedex 14, France. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:10671 Lam, David; Levison,
Deborah. Structural adjustment and family labour supply in
Latin America. In: Demographic responses to economic adjustment in
Latin America, edited by Georges Tapinos, Andrew Mason, and Jorge
Bravo. 1997. 201-28 pp. Clarendon Press: Oxford, England. In Eng.
"In this chapter we look at evidence on changes in the labour
force participation rates of different family members during the 1980s
in a variety of Latin American countries. We attempt, within the
limitations of the data, to compare observed changes in labour market
activity to economic fluctuations in these economies....We [use]
detailed annual household survey data for Brazil to see whether the
highly aggregated published data conceal more systematic labour market
changes when we can control more carefully for an individual's position
in the household and the household's socioeconomic position. Focusing
attention on married women at the lowest educational levels, we find
some evidence of a counter-cyclical labour supply response, with
increases in participation in the worst years of Brazil's recession and
decreases in participation in better years. The evidence is not
overwhelming, however, with short-term responses often dominated by
long-term trends."
Correspondence: D. Lam, University
of Michigan, Department of Economics, Ann Arbor, MI 48109.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:10672 Leger, Jean-François.
The annual entry of foreigners into the French labor market
(1990-1992). [Les entrées annuelles d'étrangers sur
le marché de l'emploi français (1990-1992).] Revue
Européenne des Migrations Internationales, Vol. 13, No. 2, 1997.
7-24 pp. Poitiers, France. In Fre. with sum. in Eng; Spa.
The
author provides estimates of the number of foreigners in the French
labor market during the period 1990-1992, using a new methodology.
"Between 1990 and [January 1,] 1993, a total of 100,000 foreigners
holding a residence permit entered every year on the labour market,
[amounting] to 15% of all entries (French and foreigners). As was the
case at the end of the 1970s, only one third of them entered, as
workers, in the labour market. These results confirm the relevance of
the methodology used."
Correspondence: J.-F. Leger,
Université de Paris V, Département des Sciences Sociales,
12 rue Cujas, 75005 Paris, France. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
64:10673 Model, Suzanne. An
occupational tale of two cities: minorities in London and New
York. Demography, Vol. 34, No. 4, Nov 1997. 539-50 pp. Silver
Spring, Maryland. In Eng.
"In this paper, queuing theory is
tested through an examination of the occupational attainment of six
groups of non-whites in London and New York. Workers in the dominant
economy are distinguished from those in the niche economy and emphasis
is placed on the former. Black male immigrants in New York and black
female immigrants in London hold more favorable occupational status.
These results reflect differences in (1) the presence of indigenous
minorities--African Americans and Puerto Ricans--in New York but not
London, and (2) the relatively low position of indigenous minority
males compared to the relatively middling position of indigenous
minority females in New York's labor
queue."
Correspondence: S. Model, University of
Massachusetts, Department of Sociology, Social and Demographic Research
Institute, Amherst, MA 01003-4830. E-mail: Model@Sadri.UMass.edu.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:10674 Oshio, Takashi; Yashiro,
Naohiro. Social security and retirement in Japan.
NBER Working Paper, No. 6156, Sep 1997. 23, [21] pp. National Bureau of
Economic Research [NBER]: Cambridge, Massachusetts. In Eng.
"We discuss the incentive mechanism of the public pension on
the retirement decisions made in the Japanese labor market. Though the
labor market participation of Japanese older persons is quite high by
international standards, a principal incentive mechanism of the public
pension system in Japan affecting the retirement behavior has many
things in common with those in other OECD countries. The pension
benefits are designed `actuarially unfair', and the decision to work
beyond age 60 is penalized."
Correspondence: National
Bureau of Economic Research, 1050 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA
02138. Author's E-mail: tot00885@ritsumei.ac.jp. Location:
Princeton University Library (PF).
64:10675 Pischke, Jörn-Steffen; Velling,
Johannes. Employment effects of immigration to Germany: an
analysis based on local labor markets. Review of Economics and
Statistics, Vol. 79, No. 4, Nov 1997. 594-604 pp. Cambridge,
Massachusetts. In Eng.
"We analyze the impact of increased
immigration on employment outcomes of natives in Germany using a data
set of county-level variables for the late 1980s. In order to construct
more unified labor market regions, we aggregate the 328 counties to 167
larger regions. We study two measures of immigration, the change in the
share of foreigners between 1985 and 1989 as well as one-year gross and
net flows of immigrants to an area. In order to address the potential
problem of immigrant selection into local labor markets, we condition
on previous labor market outcomes, which may serve as the basis of
immigrant selection. This specification allows for mean reversion in
the unemployment rate, which is strong in our data set and period of
study. We show that this rules out some other approaches of identifying
the impact of immigration. Our results indicate no detrimental effect
of immigration. We find no support for the hypothesis that the absence
of displacement effects is due to a response of native migration
patterns."
Correspondence: J.-S. Pischke,
Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139.
Location: Princeton University Library (PF).
64:10676 Psacharopoulos, George.
Child labor versus educational attainment: some evidence from Latin
America. Journal of Population Economics, Vol. 10, No. 4, 1997.
377-86 pp. Berlin, Germany. In Eng.
"The paper addresses the
issue of child labor in relation to the educational attainment of
working children. The empirical analysis is based on household surveys
in Bolivia and Venezuela. It was found that labor force participation
is non-trivial among those below the legal working age or supposed to
be in school. Working children contribute significantly to total
household income. The fact that a child is working reduces his or her
educational attainment by about 2 years of schooling relative to the
control group of non-working children. Grade repetition, a common
phenomenon in Latin America, is closely associated with child
labor."
Correspondence: G. Psacharopoulos, World Bank,
1818 H Street NW, Washington, D.C. 20433. E-mail: gpsach@worldbank.org.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:10677 Siddiqui, Sikandar. The
pension incentive to retire: empirical evidence for West Germany.
Journal of Population Economics, Vol. 10, No. 4, 1997. 463-86 pp.
Berlin, Germany. In Eng.
"In this paper, the impact of the
West German pension system on the retirement decisions of elderly
citizens is analyzed within the framework of a discrete-time hazard
rate model deduced from a micro-economic decision rule. The model is
estimated using a panel dataset of elderly West German citizens. In
order to improve the precision of the estimates obtained, the data from
the sample are combined with aggregate-level information on the labour
force participation behaviour of the elderly. Policy simulations based
on the estimates reveal that the probability of early retirement can be
reduced significantly by appropriate changes in the pension
system."
Correspondence: S. Siddiqui, Universität
Hamburg, Arbeitsbereich Makroökonomie und Quantitative
Wirtschaftspolitik, Von Melle-Park 5, 20146 Hamburg, Germany. E-mail:
siddiqui@hermes1.econ.uni-hamburg.de. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
64:10678 Suen, Wing. Retirement
patterns in Hong Kong: a censored regression analysis. Journal of
Population Economics, Vol. 10, No. 4, 1997. 443-61 pp. Berlin, Germany.
In Eng.
"This paper provides an overview of retirement
patterns in Hong Kong on the basis of limited data. A censored
regression model is used to infer the retirement age from people's
current retirement status and their current age. This model is
equivalent to a restricted probit model, and the interpretation of
parameters is straightforward. The results clearly show a negative
income effect on the retirement decision. The retirement age seems to
be positively related to lifetime earnings but negatively related to
the rate of decline of earnings with age."
Correspondence:
W. Suen, University of Hong Kong, School of Economics and Finance,
Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong. E-mail: hrneswc@hkusua.hku.hk. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:10679 van Dongen, Walter; Pauwels,
Koenraad; Malfait, Dirk. The double day's duty of married
men and women in Flanders. In: Population and family in the Low
Countries 1996/1997: selected current issues, edited by Hans van den
Brekel and Fred Deven. 1997. 141-69 pp. Nederlands Interdisciplinair
Demografisch Instituut [NIDI]: The Hague, Netherlands; Centrum voor
Bevolkings- en Gezinsstudiën [CBGS]: Brussels, Belgium. In Eng.
"The article presents the major results of the CBGS survey
`Family and Labor' (1992) concerning the daily combination of
professional and household labour of married men and women in Flanders.
It starts with the central issue of the daily combination of
professional and family labour by women and men....Following that
analysis, the different aspects of the internal and external division
of labour within families and the reconciliation of work and family
life are discussed. They are placed on a broad time axis of the past
and the actual division of labour and of the future
perspectives."
Correspondence: W. van Dongen, Centrum
voor Bevolkings- en Gezinsstudien, Markiesstraat 1, 1000 Brussels,
Belgium. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:10680 Vanhaute, Eric. Labour
markets and family strategies in Flanders, 1750-1990: a long-term
perspective. In: Population and family in the Low Countries
1996/1997: selected current issues, edited by Hans van den Brekel and
Fred Deven. 1997. 171-90 pp. Nederlands Interdisciplinair Demografisch
Instituut [NIDI]: The Hague, Netherlands; Centrum voor Bevolkings- en
Gezinsstudiën [CBGS]: Brussels, Belgium. In Eng.
"Although the interrelationship between `internal' household
strategies and `external' constraints of the labour markets has
received a lot of attention in recent family history, the debate about
the measurement of these micro-macro-linkages is still in its infancy.
This contribution focuses on a methodological problem: to test the
possibilities of comparative statistics that link micro-patterns
(households) and macro-processes (labour markets). The combination on a
time axis of some crude demographic and economic parameters, applied to
Flanders 1750-1990, illustrates the possibilities of a more profound
integrated research project."
Correspondence: E.
Vanhaute, University of Ghent, Department of Contemporary History,
Universiteitsstraat 4, 9000 Ghent, Belgium. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
