Primarily references to descriptive studies. Official tabular material will be found under S. Official Statistical Publications. Items that are primarily analytical, but that also contain information on characteristics, will be found under K. Demographic and Economic Interrelations and Natural Resources or L. Demographic and Noneconomic Interrelations, as appropriate.
Descriptive studies of populations according to various demographic characteristics, including age, sex, sex ratios, and marital status. Studies on demographic aging are also included.
64:10549 Chu, C. Y. Cyrus.
Age-distribution dynamics and aging indexes. Demography, Vol.
34, No. 4, Nov 1997. 551-63 pp. Silver Spring, Maryland. In Eng.
"I analyze the dynamics of the age distribution as some vital
rates change. When the fertility or mortality rate declines, the age
distribution often manifests a dynamic stochastic-dominance
relationship. I also propose some alternative indexes for measuring
population aging. These indexes are closely connected with the
age-distribution dynamics and contain more refined information about
the distribution of age among the old." The author calculates the
aging indexes for eight countries.
Correspondence: C. Y. C.
Chu, National Taiwan University, Department of Economics, 21 Hsu Chow
Road, Taipei, Taiwan. E-mail: cychu@cc.ntu.edu.tw. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:10550 de Jong Gierveld, Jenny; Plomp,
Rinske. Transfers between generations in an ageing
Europe. In: Population and family in the Low Countries 1996/1997:
selected current issues, edited by Hans van den Brekel and Fred Deven.
1997. 43-71 pp. Nederlands Interdisciplinair Demografisch Instituut
[NIDI]: The Hague, Netherlands; Centrum voor Bevolkings- en
Gezinsstudiën [CBGS]: Brussels, Belgium. In Eng.
"The
article presented here is based on a study in preparation for the
[1996] European Seminar on `Changing Families and Changing Policies in
Europe'....The decline in the fertility rate and the increase in life
expectancy in the European countries, have resulted in the ageing of
the population. The key research question in this article concerns the
consequences of ageing for the size and types of intergenerational
financial transfers as well as intergenerational transfers of
care."
Correspondence: J. de Jong Gierveld,
Netherlands Interdisciplinary Demographic Institute, Postbus 11650,
2502 AR The Hague, Netherlands. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
64:10551 Ebrahim, Shah.
Ageing. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, Vol. 51,
No. 5, Oct 1997. 469-577 pp. BMJ Publishing: London, England. In Eng.
This special issue is concerned with aging and includes papers that
examine epidemiology, health services, research, and methods in
relation to aging in several different countries.
Selected items
will be cited in this or subsequent issues of Population
Index.
Correspondence: BMJ Publishing Group, BMA House,
Tavistock Square, London WC1H 9JR, England. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:10552 Fallon, Joseph E. The
impact of immigration on U.S. demographics. Journal of Social,
Political and Economic Studies, Vol. 21, No. 2, Summer 1996. 141-66 pp.
Washington, D.C. In Eng.
The author discusses the impact of
immigration on the demographic profile of the United States, with a
focus on changes in the sources of immigration and the effect of U.S.
migration policy. "The demographic destruction of the U.S. has
been swift and dramatic. The transformation, made in constant
contravention of popular mandate, has been unprecedented in the history
of democratic societies. To better understand this phenomenon and the
role which post-1965 immigration policy plays in it...15 tables have
been created and compiled from the official statistics of the U.S.
Bureau of the Census and the U.S. Immigration and Naturalization
Service."
Location: Princeton University Library (SF).
64:10553 Gokhale, D. V.; Kunte,
Sudhakar. Probability of a male child: is it constant over
the population of couples? Demography India, Vol. 26, No. 1,
Jan-Jun 1997. 1-7 pp. Delhi, India. In Eng.
"The primary
thesis of this paper is that the probability p of a male child, which
is an intrinsic characteristics of a couple, should be assumed to vary
when data are aggregated over couples. To this end, the present paper
examines the fit of the Beta-Binomial distribution to Geissler's data,
as reported by Fisher (1948)....The paper also shows how, in general,
the...analysis can be used to supplement fitting of standard models to
such data, using OUTLIER analysis."
Correspondence: D.
V. Gokhale, University of California, Department of Statistics,
Riverside, CA 92521. Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
64:10554 Höhn, Charlotte;
Störtzbach, Bernd. Demographic aging in the countries
of the European Union. [Die demographische Alterung in den
Ländern der Europäischen Union.] Geographische Zeitschrift,
Vol. 82, No. 4, 1994. 198-213 pp. Stuttgart, Germany. In Ger. with sum.
in Eng.
Despite all the political, economic, and cultural
differences among the countries of the European Union, now numbering
15, the process of demographic aging is common to all: the proportion
of elderly people in the population is increasing. The causes of this
development are explored; then, projections up to the year 2020 show
the future trajectory of this trend in the European Union and its
possible consequences for social security
systems.
Correspondence: C. Höhn, Bundesinstitut
für Bevölkerungsforschung, Gustav-Stresemann-Ring 6, Postfach
5528, 65180 Wiesbaden, Germany. Location: Princeton University
Library (PR).
64:10555 Hong Kong. Census and Statistics
Department (Hong Kong, China). A profile of the elderly,
1996. Hong Kong Monthly Digest of Statistics, Oct 1997. [15] pp.
Hong Kong, China. In Eng; Chi.
Data from the by-census conducted in
1996 are used to present an overview of the characteristics of the
elderly population of Hong Kong.
Correspondence: Census and
Statistics Department, General Statistics Section (1) B, 19/F Wanchai
Tower I, 12 Harbour Road, Wan Chai, Hong Kong, China. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:10556 Kim, Doo-Sub. The
pattern of changing trends and the regional differences in the sex
ratio at birth: evidence from Korea and Jilin Province, China.
Korea Journal of Population and Development, Vol. 26, No. 1, Jul 1997.
19-42 pp. Seoul, Korea, Republic of. In Eng.
"The main purpose
of this study is to develop explanations for the pattern of recently
changing trends and regional differences in the sex ratio at birth in
Korea and for Koreans in Jilin Province and Yanbian Autonomous
Prefecture, China....The findings suggest that, since the mid-1980s,
sex ratios at birth have risen remarkably in Korea....This paper also
highlights the recent increase in the sex ratio at birth for the Korean
population in China, residing in urban areas densely populated with
Koreans. As the key forces behind the regional differences in sex
ratios at birth, the effects of son-selective reproductive behaviors,
which in turn, are affected by the community characteristics, are
stressed."
Correspondence: D.-S. Kim, Hanyang
University, 17 Haengdang-dong, Sungdong-gu, Seoul 133, Republic of
Korea. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:10557 Kumar, N.; Raju, S.; Atkins, P. J.;
Townsend, J. G. Where angels fear to tread? Mapping women
and men in India. Environment and Planning A, Vol. 29, No. 12, Dec
1997. 2,207-15 pp. London, England. In Eng.
"The authors have
produced the `Atlas of Women and Men in India', using material from the
1991 Census, mainly at district level. The Atlas may be unacceptable to
Indian geographers because it seeks to question the authority of
numerical data and of maps, and to Western geographers because this is
`mapping before we understand the process'. The authors introduce maps
of the sex ratio in India and explore through a map of changes in the
sex ratio 1981-91 some numerical, analytical, and ethical problems of
such mapping. The Indian feminist activists consulted want the Atlas
for advocacy: does this justify its
production?"
Correspondence: N. Kumar, Jawaharlal
Nehru University, Centre for the Study of Regional Development, New
Mehrauli Road, New Delhi 110 067, India. E-mail: naresh@jnu.ernet.in.
Location: Princeton University Library (UES).
64:10558 Paillat, Paul.
Invariable and disturbing, demographic aging presents a challenge
to public powers. [Invariable y perturbador, el envejecimiento
demográfico lanza un desafio a los poderes públicos.]
Revista Española de Investigaciones Sociológicas, No. 70,
Apr-Jun 1995. 25-37 pp. Madrid, Spain. In Spa. with sum. in Eng.
"The ageing of the European population is a new, unstoppable
phenomenon. This newness raises problems that European society is as
yet unable to resolve satisfactorily. In order to address them, a
number of factors have to be taken into account, notably social
policies--especially family-oriented and health-care policies--without
losing sight of the crucial importance of intergenerational
solidarity."
Correspondence: P. Paillat, Institut
National d'Etudes Démographiques, 27 rue du Commandeur, 75675
Paris Cedex 14, France. Location: Princeton University Library
(FST).
64:10559 Rees, Philip. The
geography of age. Geography Review, Vol. 7, No. 3, Jan 1994. 25-30
pp. Deddington, England. In Eng.
"This article examines the
geography of age across the counties of England and Wales and the
regions of Scotland [and in Northern Ireland]." Sections are
included on national and subnational age structures and on spatial
patterns for childhood ages, working ages, and retired
ages.
Correspondence: P. Rees, University of Leeds, School
of Geography, Leeds LS2 9JT, England. Location: University of
Minnesota Library, Minneapolis, MN.
64:10560 United Nations. Department of
Economic and Social Affairs. Population Division (New York, New
York). The sex and age distribution of the world
populations: the 1996 revision. No. ST/ESA/SER.A/162, Pub. Order
No. E.98.XIII.2. ISBN 92-1-151313-8. 1997. ix, 884 pp. New York, New
York. In Eng.
This volume presents estimates and projections of the
world's population by age and sex and by country and region. "The
present report presents estimated sex and age distributions for the
period 1950-1995 and projected figures, according to medium-, high-,
and low-fertility variants for 1995-2050. Data are presented for
countries with a population of at least 150,000 in 1995....A magnetic
tape and a set of diskettes containing the major results of the present
estimates and projections are also available for purchase. A
description of these data sets and an order form appear at the end of
this volume."
Correspondence: UN Department of
Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division, United Nations, New
York, NY 10017. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:10561 Wise, David A. Facing
the age wave. Hoover Institution Press Publication, No. 440, ISBN
0-8179-9482-3. LC 97-14133. 1997. xvi, 120 pp. Hoover Institution
Press: Stanford, California. In Eng.
In this book, four experts
examine some areas of concern created by the aging of the U.S.
population. "David Wise analyzes the declining participation in
the labor force by older Americans and the role played in encouraging
this phenomenon by Social Security and early retirement plans funded by
employees. Douglas Bernheim measures the inadequacy of personal saving
for retirement and proposes methods to encourage saving for the
critical senior years. John Shoven and David Wise describe the taxing
of pensions as a disincentive to the most important form of saving in
this country [and] David Cutler presents principles that are key to
averting the crisis of looming health care
costs."
Correspondence: Hoover Institution Press,
Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
Descriptive studies of menarche and menopause, longevity, and increasing the life span, as well as other biological characteristics such as sex selection. Studies that are concerned with menarche and menopause as they specifically affect fertility are coded under F.5. Factors Other Than Contraception Affecting Fertility.
64:10562 Austad, Steven N.
Postreproductive survival. In: Between Zeus and the salmon:
the biodemography of longevity, edited by Kenneth W. Wachter and Caleb
E. Finch. 1997. 161-74 pp. National Academy Press: Washington, D.C. In
Eng.
"Women in modern societies can expect to live nearly
one-third of their adult lives in a postreprodutive state. Whether this
phenomenon is relatively new in human experience or whether it
represents something that has been a part of human life for millennia
may be relevant to understanding medical and social issues surrounding
postmenopausal life. One approach to an understanding of the human
significance of menopause is to examine it comparatively. How commonly
is postreproductive life found in nature, and under what circumstances
is it found? Is there a reason to assume that humans are somehow
special in this regard?" The author surveys precedents among other
species and suggests that menopause in humans may have evolved in
response to tradeoffs favoring the cessation of one's own reproduction
and the channeling of effort into protecting and endowing the
reproductive chances of one's offspring.
Correspondence: S.
N. Austad, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83843. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:10563 Carey, James R.; Gurenfelder,
Catherine. Population biology of the elderly. In:
Between Zeus and the salmon: the biodemography of longevity, edited by
Kenneth W. Wachter and Caleb E. Finch. 1997. 127-60 pp. National
Academy Press: Washington, D.C. In Eng.
"We organized this
paper into three broad sections and a discussion. In the first section
we introduce foundational principles we believe are important for
understanding the relationship between longevity and life history of
animals. These include biodemographic concepts and behavioral
characteristics, such as altruism, dominance, territoriality, learning,
and culture. In the second section we present a synopsis of roles and
life histories of the elderly in three selected animal groups,
including elephants, cetaceans, and primates, to provide specific
biological context. In the third section we explore the concept of
extended longevity as a preadaptation for the evolution of eusociality
in wasps....In the discussion we attempt to synthesize the general
findings of the natural history and roles of the elderly, discuss some
common life-history patterns associated with extended life span, and
suggest future directions."
Correspondence: J. R.
Carey, University of California, Davis, CA 95616. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:10564 Finch, Caleb E.
Comparative perspectives on plasticity in human aging and life
spans. In: Between Zeus and the salmon: the biodemography of
longevity, edited by Kenneth W. Wachter and Caleb E. Finch. 1997.
245-68 pp. National Academy Press: Washington, D.C. In Eng.
"Throughout the world, human life expectancy is increasing.
Unprecedented numbers are reaching ages beyond the 10th decade and the
maximum human life span is creeping up to break new records each
year....I will discuss how these demographic shifts represent the
plasticity found throughout the evolution of life histories. Similarly
wide variations in life expectancy and maximum life spans are observed
in animals and plants, within populations as well as between closely
related species....The general information that is available from all
sources gives a very limited basis for predicting further changes in
human aging schedules and ultimate life
spans."
Correspondence: C. E. Finch, University of
Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089-2539. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:10565 Kaplan, Hillard. The
evolution of the human life course. In: Between Zeus and the
salmon: the biodemography of longevity, edited by Kenneth W. Wachter
and Caleb E. Finch. 1997. 175-211 pp. National Academy Press:
Washington, D.C. In Eng.
"This paper presents a theory of
evolution of the human life course....The paper begins with a basic
description of available data on longevity in traditional hunting and
gathering societies and the age profile of food production and
consumption. These data are compared to information available on
nonhuman primates with particular emphasis on chimpanzees, our closest
living relatives. This discussion is followed by consideration of the
comparative feeding and reproductive ecologies of humans and nonhuman
primates. A model is then presented to outline the major tradeoffs
involved in life-history evolution. The model shows that investments in
foraging efficiency and mortality reduction coevolve and affect the age
pattern of investments in reproduction. Several different approaches to
the evolution of menopause are then considered. The paper concludes
with a discussion of the implications of the theory for historical,
current, and future trends in human development and
longevity."
Correspondence: H. Kaplan, University of
New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131-1591. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
64:10566 Kranczer, Stanley.
Record high U.S. life expectancy. Statistical Bulletin, Vol.
78, No. 4, Oct-Dec 1997. 2-8 pp. Baltimore, Maryland. In Eng.
"In 1996 life expectancy in the United States rose to a record
high of 75.9 years for all persons combined. A new peak was also
recorded among newborn boys--72.8 years--while average future lifetime
for infant girls increased to 79.0 years....In recent years longevity
gains among males have outpaced those for females, with the result that
the sex differential in longevity at birth in favor of females has
narrowed considerably....Projections indicate that the trend in
longevity improvements in favor of males will continue. As a
consequence, the sex differential gap in average future lifetime is
anticipated to diminish to 4.6 years by 2050."
Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:10567 Marchetti, Cesare.
Longevity and life expectancy. Technological Forecasting and
Social Change, Vol. 55, 1997. 281-99 pp. New York, New York. In Eng.
"In this article the evolution of life expectancy is examined
historically for various European nations at various ages, and
according to sex. Appropriate logistic equations describe the facts and
extrapolate into the future giving the doctor an indication of what is
still to be accomplished and the demographer the tools with which to
evaluate the aging of European population in the next 20 years....I
posit that the increase in life expectancy is the product of a learning
process to remove the accidents and obstacles on the way to the full
life potential of an individual:
longevity."
Correspondence: C. Marchetti,
International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Schlossplatz 1,
2361 Laxenburg, Austria. E-mail: marcheti@iiasa.ac.at. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:10568 Nault, François; Roberge,
Roger; Berthelot, Jean-Marie. Life expectancy and health
expectancy by sex, marital status, and socioeconomic status in
Canada. [Espérance de vie et espérance de vie en
santé selon le sexe, l'état matrimonial et le statut
socio-économique au Canada.] Cahiers Québécois de
Démographie, Vol. 25, No. 2, Autumn 1996. 241-59 pp. Montreal,
Canada. In Fre. with sum. in Eng; Spa.
"This article presents
total life expectancy and health expectancy at age 30 [in Canada] by
sex, marital status, and two variables used to define socioeconomic
status: level of education and household income. The article shows
that: (1) there is a relatively important difference in life expectancy
according to marital status, level of education and income; (2) this
difference is always greater for men than women; (3) adjusting for
health further accentuates this difference, and more so for women than
men; and (4) the differences between men and women in mortality and
health generally decrease as socioeconomic status
increases."
Correspondence: F. Nault, Statistics
Canada, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0T6, Canada. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
64:10569 Raleigh, Veena S.; Kiri, Victor
A. Life expectancy in England: variations and trends by
gender, health authority, and level of deprivation. Journal of
Epidemiology and Community Health, Vol. 51, No. 6, Dec 1997. 649-58 pp.
London, England. In Eng.
The authors "investigate variations
and trends in life expectancy in English district health authorities in
relation to gender and Jarman deprivation level [using] mortality data
for English health authorities from 1984-94....Differences in life
expectancy had widened over the decade and prosperous areas with
greatest longevity had seen the largest gains. In most deprived areas
improvements in life expectancy were negligible. The greatest gender
differences in life expectancy were also seen in deprived
areas."
Correspondence: V. S. Raleigh, University of
Surrey, National Institute of Epidemiology, 14 Frederick Sanger Road,
Surrey Research Park, Guildford, Surrey GU2 5YD, England. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:10570 Rose, Michael R. Toward
an evolutionary demography. In: Between Zeus and the salmon: the
biodemography of longevity, edited by Kenneth W. Wachter and Caleb E.
Finch. 1997. 96-107 pp. National Academy Press: Washington, D.C. In
Eng.
"Recent work on age-specific mortality rates strongly
suggests that conventional demographic models are in need of repair.
Rather than resorting to yet another ad hoc tuning up of the same
mathematical tools, consider the alternative approach provided by the
population genetics theory of age-structured populations. This theory
has been well-characterized mathematically and has been extensively
supported in experimental genetic systems, although neither theory nor
experiment are complete or perfect. Results obtained from evolutionary
theory offer the best prospects for the development of demographic
models, in general. In this way, demography could leave its ad hoc
traditions behind and join together with evolutionary biology to forge
a much stronger theoretical foundation. While the Gompertz model is an
excellent approximation to mortality rates for most individuals from
some iteroparous populations, it appears inadequate for the description
of even the qualitative pattern of the full life history of most
organisms, granting that such full life histories are not usually
adequately observed. Biodemography should now move on to the task of
developing proper evolutionary
foundations."
Correspondence: M. R. Rose, University
of California, Irvine, CA 92717. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
64:10571 Tuljapurkar, Shripad.
The evolution of senescence. In: Between Zeus and the salmon:
the biodemography of longevity, edited by Kenneth W. Wachter and Caleb
E. Finch. 1997. 65-77 pp. National Academy Press: Washington, D.C. In
Eng.
"This paper suggests directions for developing an
evolutionary theory of senescence with the aim of producing testable
predictions or theoretically based tools for data analysis....I center
my discussion on the concept of an evolutionary equilibrium for a life
history, which includes the shape of fertility and mortality and
possibly other features such as growth rates....I first discuss
different theoretical approaches to the definition of evolutionary
equilibria. Next I consider the classical theory and define two special
equilibria: the `salmon' limit, and the `bacterium' limit. These
equilibria reveal critical issues concerning the assumptions and
structure of the theory. The consequences of some specific
generalizations of the classical theory will then be reviewed. Finally,
I outline a program of theoretical work that should lead to a more
useful evolutionary theory of senescence."
Correspondence:
S. Tuljapurkar, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:10572 Wachter, Kenneth W.
Between Zeus and the salmon: introduction. In: Between Zeus
and the salmon: the biodemography of longevity, edited by Kenneth W.
Wachter and Caleb E. Finch. 1997. 1-16 pp. National Academy Press:
Washington, D.C. In Eng.
"For demographers today, the golden
challenge is to make the right judgment call predicting our children's
life spans. Will the recent pace of gains in life expectancy and active
life expectancy extend to the next generation, or are we approaching
the point of diminishing returns? The deep theoretical questions in the
demography of mortality and aging--including the proper framework for
incorporating genetic variables and cofactors into demographic
models--cluster around this very practical question of prediction,
whose answer some of us may live to know....I begin by reviewing ideas
from the evolutionary theory of longevity that have coexisted amicably
with a pessimistic demographic stance in regard to open-ended further
progress against old-age mortality. I then turn to new empirical
results that are reviving an optimistic stance, to studies of the role
of the elderly in nature, and to new theoretical departures. I conclude
with a look at the immediate future and the knowledge we can hope to
gain from further joint work in
biodemography."
Correspondence: K. W. Wachter,
University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:10573 Wachter, Kenneth W.; Finch, Caleb
E. Between Zeus and the salmon: the biodemography of
longevity. ISBN 0-309-05787-6. LC 97-33767. 1997. viii, 285 pp.
National Academy Press: Washington, D.C. In Eng.
This volume brings
together the opinions of biologists and demographers on the topic of
human longevity. The chapters are divided into the following main
sections: The empirical demography of survival; Evolutionary theory and
senescence; The elderly in nature; and Data for the future. Throughout
the volume, an interdisciplinary approach to aging and longevity is
advocated and stressed.
Selected items will be cited in this or
subsequent issues of Population Index.
Correspondence:
National Academy Press, 2101 Constitution Avenue NW, Washington,
D.C. 20418. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:10574 Wilmoth, John R. In
search of limits. In: Between Zeus and the salmon: the
biodemography of longevity, edited by Kenneth W. Wachter and Caleb E.
Finch. 1997. 38-64 pp. National Academy Press: Washington, D.C. In Eng.
"The dramatic rise in life expectancy during the past two or
three centuries is arguably the greatest collective human
achievement....As we approach the end of the twentieth century, we are
led to question whether this incredible progress has run its course. Is
it plausible to believe that these well-documented gains in human
longevity can continue? Are limits to the rise in human life expectancy
imposed by the structure of the organism itself?...There are numerous
means of approaching the question of whether such limits exist. In this
chapter, I restrict the discussion to a review of relevant demographic
evidence and do not address the many biological arguments related to
this issue. My approach is that of a demographer and statistician who
attempts to define what limits might look like in terms of aggregate
mortality data and then reviews the existing empirical evidence within
that framework."
Correspondence: J. R. Wilmoth,
University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:10575 Zhong, Zhun; Chen, Yude; Yao,
Kechin. Study of a calculation method for healthy life
expectancy. Chinese Journal of Population Science, Vol. 9, No. 2,
1997. 75-86 pp. New York, New York. In Eng.
"To develop a
calculation method for healthy life expectancy which would be suitable
for China we analyzed the healthy life expectancy of urban residents in
China, employing data on residents' deaths and data available from the
1993 national survey for health services and family health
conditions....Results of the study show that the ratio of healthy life
expectancy to life expectancy decreases with the increase of the
residents' age; healthy life expectancy for females is higher than that
for males; [and] healthy life expectancy for residents of large cities
is lower than that for residents of medium and small
cities."
Correspondence: Z. Zhong, Beijing Medical
University, Beijing 100083, China. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
Descriptive studies of income differentials, earnings, career mobility, and other economic characteristics if allocated according to demographic groups. Analytical studies are classified under K.1.1. General Economic Development and Population, and studies concerned with employment and labor force are classified under K.3. Employment and Labor Force Participation.
64:10576 Berson, David W. The
importance of demographics in economic analysis: the unusual
suspects. Business Economics, Vol. 32, No. 1, Jan 1997. 12-6 pp.
Palos Verde Estates, California. In Eng.
"The proper use of
demographic information can add significantly to the ability to analyze
and forecast economic activity. With housing, short-run forecasting is
difficult and long-term forecasting impossible without considering
changing demographic factors. Combining detailed demographic analysis
with sound structural econometric modeling of the cyclical factors
underlying the demand for and the supply of housing has resulted in
significantly more accurate analyses and forecasts of the [U.S.]
housing market."
Correspondence: D. W. Berson, Fannie
Mae Foundation, Washington, D.C. Location: Princeton
University Library (PF).
64:10577 Boldrin, Michele; Jimenez-Martin,
Sergi; Peracchi, Franco. Social security and retirement in
Spain. NBER Working Paper, No. 6136, Aug 1997. 77 pp. National
Bureau of Economic Research [NBER]: Cambridge, Massachusetts. In Eng.
"We describe the historical evolution of the Spanish Social
Security system and its current organization. Our attention
concentrates on the main public pension scheme for private employees in
the manufacturing and service sector (RGSS) which covers by far the
largest majority of Spanish workers. After describing the way in which
pension and retirement decisions are regulated by this system, we try
to compute the incentives to early retirement it provides to different
kinds of individuals. We show that the Spanish SS legislation generates
strong incentives to retire early and that Spanish workers tend to do
so."
Correspondence: National Bureau of Economic
Research, 1050 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02138. Location:
Princeton University Library (PF).
64:10578 Chu, C. Y. Cyrus; Jiang,
Lily. Demographic transition, family structure, and income
inequality. Review of Economics and Statistics, Vol. 79, No. 4,
Nov 1997. 665-9 pp. Cambridge, Massachusetts. In Eng.
"We
treat each age-specific income-earning member of the family as an
income `source', and use the source-specific Gini decomposition
approach as well as the Lorenz comparison approach to study the impact
of the changing population age structure on family income inequality.
Empirical analysis using Taiwanese data shows that the pattern of Gini
coefficients is significantly affected by the above-mentioned age
composition factor. The general implication is that for many developing
countries which have recently gone through rapid demographic
transition, family income inequality indexed may implicitly embody
information as to the age-specific composition of family members, which
is irrelevant to the general notion of
inequality."
Correspondence: C. Y. C. Chu, National
Taiwan University, 1 Roosevelt Road IV, Taipei, Taiwan. Location:
Princeton University Library (PF).
64:10579 Diamond, Peter; Gruber,
Jonathan. Social security and retirement in the U.S.
NBER Working Paper, No. 6097, Jul 1997. 40, [19] pp. National Bureau of
Economic Research [NBER]: Cambridge, Massachusetts. In Eng.
"We provide an overview of the interaction between the SS
[U.S. Social Security] system and retirement behavior. We begin by
documenting historical trends in labor force participation and program
receipt, and contemporaneous patterns of work and income receipt for
the current cohort of older persons. We then present an overview of the
structure of the SS program in the U.S., and review existing evidence
on the relationship between SS and retirement. Finally, we present
results of a simulation model which measures the implicit tax/subsidy
rate on work after age 55 through the SS system. We find that, for
married workers, the system is roughly neutral with respect to work
after age 62, but that it heavily penalizes work after age
65."
Correspondence: National Bureau of Economic
Research, 1050 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02138. Author's
E-mail: pdiamond@mit.edu. Location: Princeton University
Library (PF).
64:10580 Feldstein, Martin.
Transition to a fully funded pension system: five economic
issues. NBER Working Paper, No. 6149, Aug 1997. 26 pp. National
Bureau of Economic Research [NBER]: Cambridge, Massachusetts. In Eng.
"This paper provides a relatively nontechnical discussion of
the effects of shifting from a pay-as-you-go system of Social Security
pensions to a fully funded plan based on individual accounts. The
analysis discusses the rationale for such a shift and deals with five
common problems: (1) the nature of the transition path; (2) the effect
of the shift on national saving and capital accumulation; (3) the rate
of return that such accounts would earn; (4) the risks of unfunded and
funded systems; and (5) the distributional effects of the
shift."
Correspondence: National Bureau of Economic
Research, 1050 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02138. Author's
E-mail: msfeldst@nbr.org. Location: Princeton University
Library (PF).
64:10581 Gray, Jeffrey S. The
fall in men's return to marriage: declining productivity effects or
changing selection? Journal of Human Resources, Vol. 32, No. 3,
Summer 1997. 481-504 pp. Madison, Wisconsin. In Eng.
"Historically, one of the most robust findings from human
capital wage equations has been that married men earn more than men who
never marry. However, the earnings premium paid to [U.S.] married
compared with never-married men declined by more than 40 percent during
the 1980s. Data from the National Longitudinal Surveys (young men and
youth cohorts) are used to explore two competing explanations for this
decline: changes in the selection of high-wage men into marriage and
changes in the productivity effects of marriage due to declining
specialization within households. The results suggest that the drop in
the marriage wage premium was due largely to a decline in the
productivity effects associated with marriage. Instrumental variables
estimation suggests that these declining productivity effects can be
explained by a reduction in the average degree of specialization across
households coupled with an increase in the wage penalty associated with
wives' labor market hours."
Correspondence: J. S.
Gray, University of Illinois, Department of Agricultural and Consumer
Economics, 1301 West Gregory Drive, Urbana, IL 61801. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPIA).
64:10582 Holmes, Robin.
Deprivation and the 1991 census. Geography Review, Vol. 8, No.
3, Jan 1995. 19-23 pp. Deddington, England. In Eng.
"This
article looks at the patterns of relative deprivation in different
types of area [in England and Wales], explores the connection between
deprivation and other variables which might indicate disadvantage, and
suggests some further lines of research which might be explored. It
explains, in an inset, how to go about calculating an index of
deprivation using a Census CD-ROM and a
spreadsheet."
Location: Indiana University Library,
Bloomington, IN.
64:10583 Jensen, An-Magritt.
Gender gaps in relationships with children: closing or
widening? In: Gender and family change in industrialized
countries, edited by Karen O. Mason and An-Magritt Jensen. 1995. 223-42
pp. Clarendon Press: Oxford, England. In Eng.
Data for Denmark,
Norway, and Sweden are used to examine whether the narrowing gap
between women and men in employment has widened the gap between men and
children. The author argues that, notwithstanding the benefits to women
of increasing economic independence from men, it is one of the leading
causes of increasing poverty among women and children. "Women are
still the ones to take care of children, in the family as well as in
society. Children are handed over to women, who in the name of female
emancipation take over the caring as well as the economic
responsibilities. The new role of women thus contributes to a
`feminization of childhood' and is closely linked to what Oppong (1993)
has named a `pauperization of motherhood' and, it can be added, of
childhood."
Correspondence: A.-M. Jensen, Norwegian
Institute for Urban and Regional Research, Oslo, Norway. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:10584 Jones, Richard C.
Remittances and inequality: a question of migration stage and
geographic scale. Economic Geography, Vol. 74, No. 1, Jan 1998.
8-25 pp. Worcester, Massachusetts. In Eng.
The impact of migrant
remittances on the place of migrant origin is examined using data from
a 1988 household study undertaken in central Zacatecas state, Mexico.
The focus is on whether remittances tend to increase or to decrease
income inequalities. "Interfamilial inequalities are found first
to decrease and then to increase as a place's migration experience
deepens. Throughout this experience, however, rural incomes improve
relative to urban ones, since remittances are targeted to the
predominantly rural areas of origin."
Correspondence:
R. C. Jones, University of Texas, Division of Social and Policy
Sciences, San Antonio, TX 78249-0655. Location: Princeton
University Library (PF).
64:10585 Lam, David. Demographic
variables and income inequality. Population Studies Center
Research Report, No. 97-385, Apr 1997. 47 pp. University of Michigan,
Population Studies Center: Ann Arbor, Michigan. In Eng.
"This
paper surveys a variety of areas in which demographic variables may
play an important role in the distribution of income [in the United
States]. The first issue analyzed...is the relationship between age
structure and inequality....Many researchers argue that households,
rather than individuals, should be used as the basis for analysis of
the distribution of income....Section 3...focuses on the large
literature that has analyzed the effects on the distribution of income
among married couples of marital sorting and the joint labor supply
behavior of husbands and wives. Section 4 extends the analysis beyond
married couples to the household....Section 5 analyzes the effects of
differential fertility across income classes on the distribution of
income....Section 6 discusses the attention given to the effects of
population growth on relative wages....Section 7 discusses the
substantial changes in wage inequality observed in the United States in
recent decades, and considers evidence on the role of demographic
variables, especially age structure, in those
changes."
Correspondence: University of Michigan,
Population Studies Center, 1225 South University Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI
48104-2590. Location: University of Michigan Library, Ann
Arbor, MI.
64:10586 McGarry, Kathleen; Davenport,
Andrew. Pensions and the distribution of wealth. NBER
Working Paper, No. 6171, Sep 1997. 20, [10] pp. National Bureau of
Economic Research [NBER]: Cambridge, Massachusetts. In Eng.
"In this paper we use data from the Health and Retirement
Survey to examine the distribution of pension wealth in relation to
other private wealth [in the United States]. We pay particular
attention to differences by sex and race. We find that men are
approximately 50 percent more likely to have pensions than are women,
and conditional on having a pension, the mean value for men is twice as
great as that for women. These differences remain significant even when
factors such as industry, occupation, and tenure are controlled for.
Differences by race are smaller than differences by sex but are still
significant....In addition to these results, the paper describes in
detail the assumptions necessary to calculate pension wealth from the
data available in the HRS."
Correspondence: National
Bureau of Economic Research, 1050 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA
02138. Author's E-mail: mcgarry@ucla.edu. Location: Princeton
University Library (PF).
64:10587 Moore, James F.; Mitchell, Olivia
S. Projected retirement wealth and savings adequacy in the
health and retirement study. NBER Working Paper, No. 6240, Oct
1997. 30, [11] pp. National Bureau of Economic Research [NBER]:
Cambridge, Massachusetts. In Eng.
"Using the Health and
Retirement Study, this paper explores asset holdings among a nationally
representative sample of people on the verge of retirement. Making
reasonable projections about asset growth, we assess how much more
people would need to save in order to preserve consumption levels after
retirement....[The] summary statistics conceal extraordinary
heterogeneity in both assets and saving needs in the older
population."
Correspondence: National Bureau of
Economic Research, 1050 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02138.
Author's E-mail: moore86@wharton.upenn.edu. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:10588 Pestieau, Pierre; Stijns,
Jean-Philippe. Social security and retirement in
Belgium. NBER Working Paper, No. 6169, Sep 1997. 18, [32] pp.
National Bureau of Economic Research [NBER]: Cambridge, Massachusetts.
In Eng.
"Belgium like many other industrialized countries is
facing serious problems in financing its social security. Whereas the
effects of aging are still to come, Belgium currently experiences one
of the lowest attachments to the labor force of older persons. This
paper presents the key features of the Belgian social security system
and focuses on labor force participation and benefit receipt. Most of
the attention is given to the interaction between retirement behavior
and the various social security schemes. By measuring the implicit
tax/subsidy rate on work after 55 through these schemes, we can so
explain the actual pattern of early and normal retirement of Belgian
older workers."
Correspondence: National Bureau of
Economic Research, 1050 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02138.
Location: Princeton University Library (PF).
64:10589 Shapiro, Daniel M.; Stelcner,
Morton. Language and earnings in Quebec: trends over
twenty years, 1970-1990. Canadian Public Policy/Analyse de
Politiques, Vol. 23, No. 2, Jun 1997. 115-40 pp. Guelph, Canada. In
Eng. with sum. in Fre.
"Using data from the 1991 Census, this
paper examines linguistic earnings disparities [in Quebec] by gender in
1990, and compares the results to those obtained from the 1971 and 1981
Census data. The main findings are that, since the passage of Bill 101
in 1977, the earnings gap between (unilingual and bilingual)
anglophones and bilingual francophones has indeed closed. However, the
earnings situation of allophones (regardless of official languages
spoken) has worsened as did that of unilingual
francophones."
Correspondence: D. M. Shapiro, Simon
Fraser University, Faculty of Business Administration, Burnaby, British
Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada. Location: Princeton University
Library (SF).
64:10590 Van Hook, Jennifer V. W.; Bean, Frank
D. The growth in non-citizen SSI caseloads during the
1980s: immigration versus aging effects. Texas Population Research
Center Paper, No. 96-97-12, 1996-1997. 31 pp. University of Texas,
Population Research Center: Austin, Texas. In Eng.
"In this
paper, we attempt to explain the increase that has been observed during
the 1980s in the number of elderly non-citizens who receive SSI
[supplemental security income]. Specifically, we use U.S. Census data
to discern whether the increase results from increases in the number of
newly arrived elderly immigrants, from increases in the numbers of
`settled' immigrants who have been in the country for many years and
have been aging into age categories that allow them to obtain SSI
benefits, or from increases in the levels of recipiency among any of
these groups of immigrants."
This paper was originally
presented at the 1997 Annual Meeting of the Population Association of
America.
Correspondence: University of Texas, Population
Research Center, 1800 Main, Austin, TX 78712-1088. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
Descriptive studies of populations according to literacy and educational attainment, cultural background, religious affiliation, residential characteristics and segregation, and the like. Studies on social mobility are also coded under this heading.
64:10591 Bonvalet, Catherine; Lelièvre,
Eva. The transformation of housing and household
structures in France and Great Britain. International Journal of
Population Geography, Vol. 3, No. 3, Sep 1997. 183-201 pp. Chichester,
England. In Eng.
"In France and Great Britain, the last 30
years have seen considerable evolution in the housing stock...and in
household structure....This article describes the dynamic interaction
of processes influencing the evolution of both households and
dwellings. In the two countries, the life course of individuals has
become more and more complex. This translates into an ever greater
variety of housing needs, not only at different stages in family life,
but also in relation to growing job insecurity regardless of family
situation. At the same time, policies encouraging home-ownership seem
to have reached their limits, because of the new demand for rented
accommodation. The answer to sociological and economic evolution cannot
be found in a `single' type of housing and tenure status, but rather in
a wide range of dwellings and in the development of a more flexible
housing market."
Correspondence: C. Bonvalet, Institut
National d'Etudes Démographiques, 27 rue du Commandeur, 75675
Paris Cedex 14, France. Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
64:10592 Borjas, George J. To
ghetto or not to ghetto: ethnicity and residential segregation.
NBER Working Paper, No. 6176, Sep 1997. 28, [8] pp. National Bureau of
Economic Research [NBER]: Cambridge, Massachusetts. In Eng.
"This paper analyzes the link between ethnicity and the choice
of residing in ethnically segregated neighborhoods [in the United
States]. Data drawn from the National Longitudinal Surveys of Youth
show that there exist strong human capital externalities both within
and across ethnic groups. As a result, the segregation choices made by
particular households depend both on the household's economic
opportunities and on aggregate characteristics of the ethnic groups.
The evidence suggests that highly skilled persons who belong to
disadvantaged groups have lower probabilities of ethnic residential
segregation-- relative to the choices made by the most skilled persons
in the most skilled groups."
Correspondence: National
Bureau of Economic Research, 1050 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA
02138. Author's E-mail: gborjas@harvard.edu. Location:
Princeton University Library (PF).
64:10593 Ermisch, John; Francesconi,
Marco. Family matters. Working Papers of the ESRC
Research Centre on Micro-Social Change, No. 97-1, Feb 1997. 27, [12]
pp. University of Essex, ESRC Research Centre on Micro-Social Change:
Colchester, England. In Eng.
"The analysis uses a unique set
of data matching mothers and their young adult children to study the
impact of family background on young people's educational attainments.
The data are derived from the first five years (1991-95) of the British
Household Panel Study. Mother's education is found to be a very
powerful predictor of their children's educational attainments,
particularly for women. Having spent some time in a single parent
family tends to reduce the educational attainments of young men
moderately, but the effects on young women's education are small. Part,
if not all, of this negative effect of experience in a single parent
family reflects fewer economic resources in such
families."
Correspondence: University of Essex, ESRC
Research Centre on Micro-Social Change, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester,
Essex C04 3SQ, England. Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
64:10594 Jensen, Peter; Nielsen, Helena
S. Child labour or school attendance? Evidence from
Zambia. Journal of Population Economics, Vol. 10, No. 4, 1997.
407-24 pp. Berlin, Germany. In Eng.
"In this paper we
investigate what affects school attendance and child labour in an LDC,
using data for Zambia....The empirical analysis suggests that both
economic and sociological variables are important determinants for the
choice between school attendance and child labour. In particular, we
find some support for the hypothesis that poverty forces households to
keep their children away from school."
Correspondence:
P. Jensen, Centre for Labour Market and Social Research, Science
Park Aarhus, Gustav Wieds Vej 10c, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:10595 Marcoux, Richard. School
attendance and the demographic structure of households in urban
environments in Mali. [Fréquentation scolaire et structure
démographique des ménages en milieu urbain au Mali.]
Cahiers des Sciences Humaines, Vol. 31, No. 3, 1995. 655-74 pp. Paris,
France. In Fre. with sum. in Eng.
The relationship between
children's economic contribution to the household and school attendance
in Mali is examined. Particular attention is given to the effect of
household composition and school attendance. "Multivariate
analysis shows that school attendance is ensured by factors that
enhance the maintaining of a structure in which young people, and
especially girls, form a substantial proportion. More generally, as
long as child labour is a necessity for a large number of households it
will be difficult to ensure that a high proportion of children in Mali
receive primary education."
Correspondence: R.
Marcoux, Université Laval, Département de Sociologie,
bureau 2467, Pavillon Charles-De Koninck, Quebec G1K 7P4, Canada.
E-mail: richard.marcoux@soc.ulaval.ca. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
64:10596 Maréchal, Michel.
Life cycle and social class according to the Family Survey of
1990. [Cycle de vie et milieu social selon l'Enquête Famille
de 1990.] INSEE Résultats:
Démographie-Société, No. 62-63, ISBN
2-11-066657-9. Nov 1997. 219 pp. Institut National de la Statistique et
des Etudes Economiques [INSEE]: Paris, France. In Fre.
This report
presents data on differences in demographic behavior by social class in
France. It is based on data from the 1990 Family Survey, which involved
330,000 women aged 18-64 and was carried out in conjunction with the
1990 census. Comparisons are also made with the tables published in a
1987 study by Guy Desplanques based on a prior survey conducted in
1982. The tables include data on such topics as fertility, birth
timing, number of children, infant and child mortality, sibling sex
distribution, birth order, marriage and remarriage, union history,
divorce, and widowhood. The social characteristics examined concentrate
on professional and educational qualifications.
For the report
published in 1987, see 53:20443.
Correspondence: Institut
National de la Statistique et des Etudes Economiques, Direction
Générale, 18 boulevard Adolphe Pinard, 75675 Paris Cedex
14, France. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:10597 Mason, Karen O.; Jensen,
An-Magritt. Gender and family change in industrialized
countries. International Studies in Demography, ISBN
0-19-828970-7. LC 95-4190. 1995. ix, 329 pp. Clarendon Press: Oxford,
England. In Eng.
The 12 papers in this volume were first presented
at a seminar organized by the Committee on Gender and Population of the
International Union for the Scientific Study of Population (IUSSP). The
seminar was held in Rome, Italy, in January 1992 and focused on the
interrelationships between changing gender roles and changes in the
family since World War II. The first section of the book examines the
second demographic transition, a term used to describe the complex of
family and demographic changes that have occurred in the industrial
world since World War II. The second section has papers on particular
areas of family change, and the third section emphasizes public policy
and its relationship to gender and family
changes.
Correspondence: Oxford University Press, Walton
Street, Oxford OX2 6DP, England. Location: Princeton
University Library (FST).
64:10598 McLanahan, Sara S.; Casper, Lynne M.;
Sorensen, Annemette. Women's roles and women's
poverty. In: Gender and family change in industrialized countries,
edited by Karen O. Mason and An-Magritt Jensen. 1995. 258-78 pp.
Clarendon Press: Oxford, England. In Eng.
"In this chapter we
compare women's roles in eight industrialized countries. We examine
whether certain role combinations are more common in some countries
than in others and whether there is a relationship between the roles
that women occupy and their risk of being poor. We argue that the
economic consequences of demographic change for women depend on the
type of welfare state in which they reside, and we rely on Gosta
Esping-Andersen's (1990) typology of capitalist welfare states to guide
our analysis." Attention is given to the differences in women's
roles and economic status in countries with contrasting welfare state
regimes.
Correspondence: S. S. McLanahan, Princeton
University, Office of Population Research, 21 Prospect Avenue,
Princeton, NJ 08544-2091. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
64:10599 Montgomery, Mark R.; Lloyd, Cynthia
B. Excess fertility, unintended births, and children's
schooling. Population Council Policy Research Division Working
Paper, No. 100, 1997. 72 pp. Population Council, Policy Research
Division: New York, New York. In Eng.
"This research focuses
on investments in children's schooling as one important dimension in
which the costs of unintended births may be manifested. We also explore
the implications of departures from family-size ideals, termed excess
fertility, a concept related to, but distinct from, unintended
fertility. Data for the analysis are drawn from four Demographic and
Health Surveys, those of the Dominican Republic, Egypt, Kenya, and the
Philippines. We find evidence suggesting that unwanted and excess
births reduce educational attainment in the Dominican Republic and the
Philippines, but find no such effects in Kenya or Egypt. The social and
family-level factors that may lie behind such differential consequences
are discussed at length."
Correspondence: Population
Council, Policy Research Division, One Dag Hammarskjold Plaza, New
York, NY 10017. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:10600 Patrinos, Harry A.; Psacharopoulos,
George. Family size, schooling and child labor in Peru--an
empirical analysis. Journal of Population Economics, Vol. 10, No.
4, 1997. 387-405 pp. Berlin, Germany. In Eng.
"This paper
analyzes the effects of being indigenous, number of siblings, sibling
activities and sibling age structure on child schooling progress and
child non-school activity. The analysis is based on the Peru 1991
Living Standards Survey. The analysis shows that family size is
important. However, the analysis also demonstrates the importance of
taking into consideration the activities of siblings. The number of
siblings not enrolled in school proves to be an important control
variable in at least one specification of the empirical model....The
analysis also shows that the age structure of siblings is important,
but in conjunction with their activities. That is, having a greater
number of younger siblings implies less schooling, more age-grade
distortion in the classroom and more child
labor."
Correspondence: H. A. Patrinos, World Bank,
1818 H Street NW, Washington, D.C. 20433. E-mail:
hpatrinos@worldbank.org. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
64:10601 Presser, Harriet B. Are
the interests of women inherently at odds with the interests of
children or the family? A viewpoint. In: Gender and family change
in industrialized countries, edited by Karen O. Mason and An-Magritt
Jensen. 1995. 297-319 pp. Clarendon Press: Oxford, England. In Eng.
The author examines the extent to which the interests of women are
at odds with the interests of children or the family, focusing
primarily on the situation in the United States. She concludes that it
is not inevitable that, in highly industrialized societies, mothers who
wish to provide a secure, nurturing environment for their children must
do so at a permanent cost to their own economic security and
self-fulfillment, but that this is generally the
case.
Correspondence: H. B. Presser, University of
Maryland, Department of Sociology, College Park, MD 20742.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:10602 Sharma, Sarla; Gupta, M. P.
Dynamics of educational development in the Chhattisgarh region,
India. Population Geography, Vol. 17, No. 1-2, Jun-Dec 1995. 29-36
pp. Chandigarh, India. In Eng.
"The aim of this paper is to
analyse the spatial patterns of the level of educational development
along with the decennial change in the literacy rate in the
Chhattisgarh region of Madhya Pradesh State [India]. Eleven
variables...have been considered to find out the index of educational
development in the tahsils [divisions] of the region. The eighty-two
tahsils...are grouped into four categories...on the basis of decennial
growth rate in literacy during 1981-91 and the level of educational
development...."
Correspondence: S. Sharma, Pt.
Ravishankar Shukla University, Department of Geography, Raipur, India.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:10603 Srb, Vladimír.
Religious affiliation and demographic, socioeconomic, and cultural
characteristics of the population in the Czech Republic.
[Nábozenské vyznání a demografické,
sociálne ekonomické a kulturní charakteristiky
obyvatelstva Ceské republiky.] Demografie, Vol. 39, No. 3, 1997.
191-202 pp. Prague, Czech Republic. In Cze. with sum. in Eng.
The
author examines religious affiliation among the population in the Czech
Republic. Religious affiliation is analyzed by age, sex, profession,
social status, nationality, and fertility.
Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
Descriptive studies of populations on the basis of race, ethnic group, language, and national origin.
64:10604 Balzer, Marjorie M.
Demography and the politics of identity in the Russian
Federation. Anthropology and Archeology of Eurasia, Vol. 34, No.
1, Summer 1995. 104 pp. M. E. Sharpe: Armonk, New York/London, England.
In Eng.
This special issue contains an article on ethno-demographic
processes in the Russian Federation, case studies of the
ethno-political situation in Tuva and Yakutia, and a selection of
statistical tables on ethnic groups in the country.
Selected items
will be cited in this or subsequent issues of Population
Index.
Correspondence: M. E. Sharpe, 80 Business Park
Drive, Armonk, NY 10504. Location: Princeton University
Library (FST).
64:10605 Bennett, Claudette; Debarros,
Kymberly. The Asian and Pacific Islander population in the
United States: March 1996 (update). Current Population Reports,
Series P-20: Population Characteristics, No. 503, Oct 1997. 1 pp. U.S.
Bureau of the Census: Washington, D.C. In Eng.
A one-page summary
of information is provided on the Asian and Pacific Islander population
of the United States in 1996. A paper version of the tables is
available as PPL-77 for $26.90. The electronic version of the complete
tables is available online at
http://www.census.gov.
Correspondence: U.S. Bureau of the
Census, Washington, D.C. 20233. Author's E-mail:
claudette.e.bennett@ccmail.census.gov. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
64:10606 Castonguay, Charles.
Trends in language assimilation in Quebec and Canada between 1971
and 1991. [Evolution de l'assimilation linguistique au
Québec et au Canada entre 1971 et 1991.] Recherches
Sociographiques, Vol. 38, No. 3, 1997. 469-90 pp. Quebec, Canada. In
Fre.
Using census data, the author analyzes trends in language
assimilation among those not having English or French as their mother
tongue in Quebec province, and among francophones in the other
provinces of Canada. The results show that, although more recent
immigrants to Quebec, particularly those from Latin cultures, are
assimilating into the French-speaking population, the trend toward
speaking English is stronger than in 1971 among immigrants who have
been living in Quebec for longer periods and those born in the
province. Elsewhere in Canada, with the possible exception of New
Brunswick, the trend from French to English is increasing. The need for
changes in Canadian policies concerning language, culture, and
nationality is stressed.
Correspondence: C. Castonguay,
University of Ottawa, Department of Mathematics, 550 Cumberland Street,
Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
64:10607 Clyne, Michael; Kipp,
Sandra. Language maintenance and language shift: community
languages in Australia, 1996. People and Place, Vol. 5, No. 4,
1997. 19-27 pp. Clayton, Australia. In Eng.
"There is a
continuing significant shift to English spoken in the home among
Australia's established community language groups. There are also
success stories in language maintenance. Factors influencing language
use include the distribution of speakers, the age profile of the
community, intermarriage patterns and cultural distance from
Anglo-Australians. Australia-wide, the shift rates to English spoken at
home range between three percent from Macedonian and 62 percent from
Dutch in the first generation, and 15 percent from Macedonian and 95
percent from Dutch in the second
generation."
Correspondence: M. Clyne, Monash
University, Department of Linguistics, Clayton, Victoria 3168,
Australia. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:10608 del Pinal, Jorge; Singer,
Audrey. Generations of diversity: Latinos in the United
States. Population Bulletin, Vol. 52, No. 3, Oct 1997. 48 pp.
Population Reference Bureau: Washington, D.C. In Eng.
"Early
in the 21st century, Hispanic Americans will become the largest U.S.
ethnic minority. By 2050, the Hispanic, or Latino, population is
projected to number around 100 million and constitute 25 percent of the
U.S. population, up from 11 percent in 1996. This Population Bulletin
looks at three aspects of the U.S. Hispanic population: their growing
numbers, their increasing diversity, and their relative
well-being."
Correspondence: Population Reference
Bureau, 1875 Connecticut Avenue NW, Suite 520, Washington, D.C.
20009-5728. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:10609 France. Institut National de la
Statistique et des Etudes Economiques [INSEE] (Paris, France).
Foreigners in France. [Les étrangers en France.]
Contours et Caractères, ISBN 2-11-066162-3. May 1994. 152 pp.
Paris, France. In Fre.
This work presents a portrait of the
population of about four million foreigners currently living in France.
Topics covered include immigration, population dynamics, families and
households, children, education, employment, occupations, unemployment,
income, location, housing, consumption, leisure, vacations, health, and
crime.
Correspondence: Institut National de la Statistique
et des Etudes Economiques, 18 boulevard Adolphe Pinard, 75675 Paris
Cedex 14, France. Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
64:10610 Germany. Statistisches Bundesamt
(Wiesbaden, Germany). Focal point: the foreign population
in Germany. [Im Blickpunkt: ausländische Bevölkerung in
Deutschland.] ISBN 3-8246-0459-0. 1995. vi, 140 pp. Metzler-Poeschel
Verlag: Stuttgart, Germany. In Ger.
On the basis of official
statistics, this report presents information on foreigners living in
Germany. It includes information on regional distribution, age
structure, national origin, length of stay, marriages, births, deaths,
migration, destination, households and families, housing, education,
labor force participation, occupations, unemployment, dependence on
public assistance, the handicapped, crime, naturalization, and asylum
seekers.
Correspondence: Metzler-Poeschel Verlag,
Verlagsauslieferung Hermann Leins, Postfach 11 52, 72125 Kusterdingen,
Germany. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:10611 Kaz'mina, Ol'ga E.; Puchkov, Pavel
I. Ethnodemographic processes in the Russian
Federation. Anthropology and Archeology of Eurasia, Vol. 34, No.
1, Summer 1995. 13-41 pp. Armonk, New York. In Eng.
This is an
English translation of the introduction to a textbook on the ethnic
demography of the Russian Federation. It explores the intricacies of
multiple language groups, ethnic group interspersions, and the
existence of small yet self-identifying populations without political
territorial status. The political implications of demographic
developments affecting ethnic groups, including migration, are also
considered.
For the textbook from which this is translated,
published in 1994, see elsewhere in this issue.
Location:
Princeton University Library (FST).
64:10612 Kosmin, Barry A.; Scheckner,
Jeffrey. Jewish population in the United States,
1995. In: American Jewish yearbook 1996, edited by David Singer
and Ruth R. Selden. 1996. 171-91 pp. American Jewish Committee: New
York, New York. In Eng.
The authors present estimates of the Jewish
population in the United States, broken down by state and city.
"The estimates are for the resident Jewish population, including
those in private households and in institutional settings. Non-Jewish
family members have been excluded from the
total."
Correspondence: B. A. Kosmin, City University
of New York, Graduate and University Center, Center for Jewish Studies,
33 West 42nd Street, New York, NY 10036. Location: Princeton
University Library (DR).
64:10613 Lüdi, Georges; Werlen, Iwar;
Franceschini, Rita; Antonini, Francesca; Bianconi, Sandro; Furer,
Jean-Jacques; Quiroga-Blaser, Christine; Wymann, Adrian; Boruvka, Jan;
Zuber, Claude-Anne. 1990 federal population census. The
linguistic landscape of Switzerland. [Recensement
fédéral de la population 1990. Le paysage linguistique de
la Suisse.] Statistique de la Suisse, ISBN 3-303-16045-7. 1997. 720, 36
pp. Bundesamt für Statistik: Bern, Switzerland. In Fre.
This
report describes the linguistic situation of Switzerland according to
the 1990 census. There are chapters on the geographic boundaries among
the four official linguistic groups of Switzerland (speakers of German,
French, Italian, and Romansh), each official language within and
outside its own region, other languages, and polylingualism. Most of
the data are by commune; maps and tables are integrated into the
text.
Correspondence: Bundesamt für Statistik,
Hallwylstrasse 15, 3003 Bern, Switzerland. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
64:10614 Price, Charles. The
Asian element in Australia: 1996. People and Place, Vol. 5, No. 4,
1997. 35-6 pp. Clayton, Australia. In Eng.
"There has been
much public debate about the size of the Asian-born and Asian
ethnic-origin population in Australia (unmixed). By combining these two
elements, it is estimated that the total unmixed Asian component of
Australia's population is 8.16 percent."
Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:10615 Reed, John. The Hispanic
population in the United States: March 1996 (update). Current
Population Reports, Series P-20: Population Characteristics, No. 502,
Dec 1997. 1 pp. U.S. Bureau of the Census: Washington, D.C. In Eng.
This is a a one-page summary of information on the Hispanic
population of the United States in 1996. A paper version of the report
is available for $26 as PPL-72 on request. The detailed tabulations are
also available online at http://www.census.gov.
Correspondence:
U.S. Bureau of the Census, Washington, D.C. 20233. Author's
E-mail: jreed@census.gov. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
64:10616 Schmelz, U. O.; DellaPergola,
Sergio. World Jewish population, 1993. In: American
Jewish year book, 1995, edited by David Singer and Ruth R. Seldin. ISBN
0-87495-108-9. LC 99-4040. 1995. 466-92 pp. American Jewish Committee:
New York, New York. In Eng.
"This article presents updates,
for the end of 1993, of the Jewish population estimates for the various
countries of the world. The estimates reflect some of the results of a
prolonged and ongoing effort to study scientifically the demography of
contemporary world Jewry. Data collection and comparative research have
benefited from the collaboration of scholars and institutions in many
countries, including replies to direct inquiries regarding current
estimates. It should be emphasized, however, that the elaboration of a
worldwide set of estimates for the Jewish populations of the various
countries is beset with difficulties and
uncertainties."
Correspondence: U. O. Schmelz, Hebrew
University of Jerusalem, Avraham Harman Institute of Contemporary
Jewry, Division of Jewish Demography and Statistics, Gaster Building,
Mount Scopus Campus, Jerusalem 91905, Israel. Location:
Princeton University Library (FST).
64:10617 Schmelz, U. O.; DellaPergola,
Sergio. World Jewish population, 1994. In: American
Jewish yearbook 1996, edited by David Singer and Ruth R. Selden. 1996.
434-63 pp. American Jewish Committee: New York, New York. In Eng.
"This article presents updates, for the end of 1994, of the
Jewish population estimates for the various countries of the
world....The respective results basically confirmed the estimates we
had reported in previous AJYB volumes and, perhaps more importantly,
our interpretation of the trends now prevailing in the demography of
world Jewry. While allowing for improved population estimates for the
year 1994 under review here, these new data highlighted the increasing
complexity of the sociodemographic and identificational processes
underlying the definition of Jewish populations--hence the estimates of
their sizes--the more so at a time of enhanced international
migration."
Correspondence: U. O. Schmelz, Hebrew
University of Jerusalem, Avraham Harman Institute of Contemporary
Jewry, Division of Jewish Demography and Statistics, Gaster Building,
Mount Scopus Campus, Jerusalem 91905, Israel. Location:
Princeton University Library (DR).
64:10618 Sebök,
László. The Hungarians in East Central
Europe: a demographic profile. Nationalities Papers, Vol. 24, No.
3, Sep 1996. 551-62 pp. Oxford, England. In Eng.
Tabular data are
presented on the demographic characteristics of ethnic Hungarians in
East Central Europe. Information is included on the total Hungarian
population in neighboring states; nationality; language; and
religion.
Correspondence: L. Sebök, Central European
Institute, Budapest, Hungary. Location: Princeton University
Library (PR).
64:10619 Taylor, John. Policy
implications of indigenous population change, 1991-1996. People
and Place, Vol. 5, No. 4, 1997. 1-10 pp. Clayton, Australia. In Eng.
"Since 1971 the indigenous population of Australia has
trebled. From 1991 to 1996 numbers grew by 33 percent, 16 percent more
than had been projected. This unexpected increase was highest in the
southeast, especially in Tasmania and the ACT. Much of it can be
explained by out-marriage. In 1996, 64 percent of couples (in married
or de facto relationships) included a non-indigenous partner. Most of
the children from these intermixed relationships have been counted as
indigenous persons in the Census."
Correspondence: J.
Taylor, Australian National University, Centre for Aboriginal Economic
Policy Research, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:10620 Torczyner, Jim L.; Brotman, Shari
L. The Jews of Canada: a profile from the census. In:
American Jewish year book, 1995, edited by David Singer and Ruth R.
Seldin. ISBN 0-87495-108-9. LC 99-4040. 1995. 227-60 pp. American
Jewish Committee: New York, New York. In Eng.
The characteristics
of the Jewish population of Canada are analyzed using data from the
1981 and 1991 censuses. "Overall, Canadian Jews continue to be
better educated, more professional, and more urban and to have higher
incomes than Canadians as a whole. As in 1981, husband-wife families
remain the principal living arrangement of Canadian Jews, and children
make up a higher percentage of the Jewish community in 1991 than they
did in 1981. Several disconcerting social trends in the Jewish
community that were already quite marked in 1981 have persisted and
intensified during this last decade. The Jewish poverty rate is now
almost indistinguishable from that of all Canadians. Women continue to
be underrepresented in higher occupations and overrepresented among the
poor. The number of single-parent families, the intermarriage rate, and
the proportion of Jewish elderly all continue to
rise."
Correspondence: J. L. Torczyner, McGill
University, 845 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Quebec H3A 2T5,
Canada. Location: Princeton University Library (FST).
64:10621 Vaccaro, Concetta M.
Immigration and socioeconomic development. [Immigrazione e
sviluppo socio-economico.] Studi Emigrazione/Etudes Migrations, Vol.
34, No. 126, Jun 1997. 225-68 pp. Rome, Italy. In Ita. with sum. in
Eng; Fre.
"The objective of the research is to give an updated
account of foreign communities living in Italy, based on the data
available about their size, distinctive features, countries of origin
and given reasons for their presence. It also aims at weighing the role
immigrants play in the economic and social development, now that they
are becoming more stable and integrated. The essay focuses especially
on the connection between immigrants...and labour market and evaluates
the extent of the significant contribution which immigrant workers give
to the production of national wealth and the positive influence they
can have on readjusting Italy's welfare system."
Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:10622 Wang, Chao-Ke; Guo,
Feng-Zhi. Forecasting minority group populations in Gui
Zhou Province. Chinese Journal of Population Science, Vol. 9, No.
3, 1997. 203-14 pp. New York, New York. In Eng.
"The primary
objective of this study is to forecast the population of minority
groups in Gui Zhou Province [China]. Based on the census data from the
fourth national census...a dispersed recurrence mathematics model has
been developed and the model is used to predict the population of
minority groups...for long-term forecasts (1990-2050)."
Information is provided on birth and death rates, population size and
growth, age structure, labor force, and the dependency
burden.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:10623 Xie, Yu; Goyette, Kimberly.
The racial identification of biracial children with one Asian
parent: evidence from the 1990 census. Social Forces, Vol. 76, No.
2, Dec 1997. 547-70 pp. Chapel Hill, North Carolina. In Eng.
"This article examines the socioeconomic and demographic
correlates that are associated with whether biracial children with an
Asian parent are racially identified with their Asian parent or with
their non-Asian parent. With data extracted from the 5-percent Public
Use Microdata Sample (PUMS) of the 1990 [U.S.] census, we take into
account explanatory variables at three levels: the child's
characteristics, the parents' characteristics, and the locale's racial
composition. Our results indicate that the racial identification of
biracial children with an Asian parent is to a large extent an
arbitrary option within today's prevailing racial classification
scheme. We find empirical evidence in support of the theoretical
proposition that both assimilation and awareness of Asian heritage
affect the racial identification of biracial children with an Asian
parent."
Correspondence: Y. Xie, University of
Michigan, Population Studies Center, 1225 South University Avenue, Ann
Arbor, MI 48104-2590. E-mail: yuxie@umich.edu. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
