Studies that treat quantitative fertility data analytically. References to crude data are coded under S. Official Statistical Publications. Methodological studies specifically concerned with fertility are cited in this division and cross-referenced to N. Methods of Research and Analysis Including Models, if necessary.
Analytical studies of quantitative birth data and reproduction rates and studies of fertility and its concomitants. Studies of age at marriage, divorce, and factors influencing family size are coded under G.1. Marriage and Divorce or G.2. Family and Household.
64:10208 Antony, T. V. Programmes
and policies adopted in Tamil Nadu which affected its CBR. In:
Population policy and reproductive health, edited by K. Srinivasan.
1996. 187-202 pp. Hindustan Publishing Corporation: New Delhi, India.
In Eng.
The author outlines some of the programs and policies
adopted in Tamil Nadu, India, that may have contributed to the region's
fertility decline. Aspects considered include female age at marriage,
nutrition programs, female literacy and status, infant mortality and
child survival, acceptance of contraception and birth spacing, and IEC
program implementation.
Correspondence: T. V. Antony, 85
4th Main Road, Gandhi Nagar, Adyar, Madras 600 020, India.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:10209 Bachu, Amara. Fertility
of American men. Population Division Working Paper Series, No. 14,
Mar 1996. 32 pp. U.S. Bureau of the Census: Washington, D.C. In Eng.
This analysis of the fertility of men in the United States is based
on 1992 data from the Survey of Income and Program Participation. The
data concerned 16,777 men over age 18, who were asked how many children
they had fathered, and 19,204 women. The analysis took into account
such factors as ethnic group, marital status, educational status,
income, employment status, and age. The results indicate that the data
on fertility obtained from men are similar to those obtained from
women, although the overall nonresponse rates on children ever born are
higher for men than for women.
Correspondence: U.S. Bureau
of the Census, Population Division, Washington, D.C. 20233.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:10210 Bhat, P. N. Mari.
Contours of fertility decline in India: a district level study
based on the 1991 census. In: Population policy and reproductive
health, edited by K. Srinivasan. 1996. 96-177 pp. Hindustan Publishing
Corporation: New Delhi, India. In Eng.
The author uses 1991 census
data for India "to unravel some of the mysteries surrounding
Indian demographic trends, to assess future prospects, to study the
spatial patterns of fertility change and explore the plausible
determinants of fertility levels." Data from the 1992-1993
National Family Health Survey are also used where
applicable.
Correspondence: P. N. M. Bhat, JSS Institute of
Economic Research, Population Research Centre, Vidyagiri Dharwad,
Karnataka 580 004, India. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
64:10211 Blanc, Ann K.; Poukouta, Prosper
V. Components of unexpected fertility decline in
Sub-Saharan Africa. DHS Analytical Report, No. 5, Sep 1997. viii,
29 pp. Macro International, Demographic and Health Surveys [DHS]:
Calverton, Maryland. In Eng.
This report examines the situation in
four African countries in which fertility has declined by a greater
amount than would be expected on the basis of increases in
contraceptive prevalence. The four countries, Ghana, Kenya, Senegal,
and Zimbabwe, have each conducted two surveys under the DHS program.
"The analysis reveals a number of factors that have contributed to
larger than expected fertility declines in these four countries: a
shift to the use of more effective methods of contraception, the lag
effect of rapid increases in contraceptive adoption, stability in the
duration of postpartum insusceptibility, and changes in marriage and
sexual behavior."
Correspondence: Macro International,
Demographic and Health Surveys, 11785 Beltsville Drive, Suite 300,
Calverton, MD 20705-3119. E-mail: reports@macroint.com. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:10212 Calot, Gérard; Sardon,
Jean-Paul. The surprising Swedish fertility.
[Etonnante fécondité suédoise.] Futuribles, No.
217, Feb 1997. 5-14, 95 pp. Paris, France. In Fre. with sum. in Eng.
Recent fertility trends in Sweden are analyzed, with the focus on
the rise in fertility that occurred between 1985 and 1990 and its
causes. The authors use the latest official data to show that "the
recovery in the fertility indicator from 1.6 to 2.1 per woman, as
observed between 1985 and 1990, has been followed by a decline at least
as big and even more rapid, since this indicator will likely be below
1.6 in 1996. They analyze the stages of the ebb and flow in relation to
the age of the mother and birth order. They examine the role which
could in fact be played by the adoption of measures--mainly parental
leave--allowing women to better balance family and work life. If this
role probably has been important, other factors must have played a part
since changes in the legislation regarding...parental leave are not
sufficient to explain the fact that all categories of women have been
affected by the observed ebb and flow."
Correspondence:
G. Calot, Le Bois Fleuri, 3 rue Martin, 78380 Bougival, France.
Location: Princeton University Library (PR).
64:10213 Chase, Robert S. Baby
boom or bust? Changing fertility in post-Communist Czech Republic and
Slovakia. Economic Growth Center Discussion Paper, No. 769, Nov
1996. 40 pp. Yale University, Economic Growth Center: New Haven,
Connecticut. In Eng.
"Using microdata from 1984 and 1993 in
the Czech Republic and Slovakia, this paper estimates a dynamic stock
adjustment model, relating observed drops in fertility post-Communism
to new wages, prices and risks....Earnings influence total demand for
children during Communism through substitution effects for women's
earnings and income effects for men's. In all four data sets, earnings
levels have little effect on fertility timing, though age and job
uncertainty do affect the probability of having young children,
particularly following Communism."
Correspondence:
Yale University, Economic Growth Center, Box 208269, 27 Hillhouse
Avenue, New Haven, CT 06520-8269. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
64:10214 Chen, Kuanjeng. The
dynamics of birth in Taiwan: a simulation. Journal of Population
Studies, No. 18, Jun 1997. 1-18 pp. Taipei, Taiwan. In Chi. with sum.
in Eng.
"By manipulating the distribution of age-specific
fertilities, this paper simulates and examines the changes in the
number of births in Taiwan since 1905. Two humps in birth number after
the 2nd World War were identified in the baseline analysis. The first
hump can be attributed to the decline in mortality since 1920 and the
decline in fertility since 1951....The second hump was determined [by]
a compressed replication of the first one through the renewal
process."
Correspondence: K. Chen, Academia Sinica,
Institute of Sociology, Nankang, Taipei, Taiwan. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:10215 Chen, Shengli.
Demographic change from 1982 to 1992. In: 1992 National
Fertility and Family Planning Survey, China: selected research papers
in English. Oct 1997. 13-21 pp. State Family Planning Commission of
China: Beijing, China; U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
[CDC]: Atlanta, Georgia. In Eng.
The author discusses population
trends in China during the period 1982-1992, with a focus on the
considerable decline in fertility. The impact of family planning
programs is considered. Changes in marriage age, educational
attainment, contraceptive use, and the effects on the fertility rate
are examined.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:10216 China. State Family Planning
Commission of China [SFPC] (Beijing, China); United States. Centers for
Disease Control and Prevention [CDC]. World Health Organization
Collaborating Center in Perinatal Care and Health Services Research in
Maternal and Child Health (Atlanta, Georgia). 1992
National Fertility and Family Planning Survey, China: selected research
papers in English. Oct 1997. iii, 164 pp. Beijing, China. In Eng.
"In October 1992, the State Family Planning Commission (SFPC)
of China conducted a National Fertility and Family Planning Survey. The
sample size was 380,000 persons, including 73,946 ever married women
aged 50 and below....Based on the survey results on fertility,
contraceptive use, and population structure, SFPC has edited and
published three Chinese language books with tables, charts and
analytical papers." This English-language volume contains papers
presenting the main findings of the survey.
Selected items will be
cited in this or subsequent issues of Population
Index.
Correspondence: U.S. Centers for Disease Control and
Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road NE, Atlanta, GA 30333. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:10217 de Jong, A. H. Variables
influencing fertility developments. [Achtergronden van
vruchtbaarheidsontwikkelingen.] Maandstatistiek van de Bevolking, Vol.
45, No. 10, Oct 1997. 12-24 pp. Voorburg, Netherlands. In Dut. with
sum. in Eng.
"In the new population forecasts trends in
fertility [in the Netherlands] are based on a time-series analysis of
age-specific fertility figures and on analysis of backgrounds of
fertility developments. Socio-cultural developments like women's
liberation have had a negative effect on fertility in the past, as have
the larger proportion of women following higher education and higher
labour participation. Economic growth may have a positive effect on
fertility, although only in the short run. The future course of
development will largely depend on the degree to which higher educated
women will catch up on their postponed
fertility...."
Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
64:10218 Dow, Thomas E.; Kekovole, John;
Archer, Linda H. Wealth flow and fertility decline in
rural Kenya, 1981-92: a reassessment of the evidence. African
Journal of Reproductive Health, Vol. 1, No. 2, Sep 1997. 41-66 pp.
Benin City, Nigeria. In Eng. with sum. in Fre.
"In 1981 and
1992, identical questionnaires measuring lineal and lateral wealth
flows and emotional nucleation were administered to comparable samples
of male household heads in rural Kenya. The 1981 results, showing
limited evidence of economic or emotional nucleation within the
household, were consistent with prevailing high fertility. By 1992
desired and observed fertility had declined significantly, but
nucleation levels remained the same. The question then arose as to
whether our bivariate measurements had been too coarse to detect subtle
shifts in nucleation and/or the simultaneous effect of other
independent variables. To resolve these issues, we re-examined our 1981
and 1992 data sets using regression analysis. The findings suggest that
the independent contribution of wealth flow and emotional nucleation
variables to explained variance in the desired number of children by
rural male heads of households was limited, being approximately seven
to 10 percent in 1981 and 10 to 18 percent in
1992."
Correspondence: T. E. Dow, State University of
New York, Department of Sociology, College at Purchase, Purchase, NY
10577. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:10219 Engelen, Theo. The
fertility decline in the Dutch province of Limburg, 1880-1960: on
understanding historical actors in a constrained environment.
History of the Family, Vol. 2, No. 4, 1997. 405-24 pp. Greenwich,
Connecticut. In Eng.
"The Dutch province of Limburg is
mentioned in the European Fertility Project studies because of the fact
that its fertility was remarkably high well into the twentieth century
and declined only gradually. This article explores the structural
background of changes in reproductive behavior in Limburg. The province
is economically differentiated in[to] industrial areas and traditional
agricultural regions. Also, there is a clear cultural heterogeneity.
Using data at the community level, the article analyzes...the economic
motivation as well as the mental acceptation of the introduction of
neoMalthusian behavior. The results show that we are better able to
explain the variance in behavior as the twentieth century proceeds, and
that the factor `economy' appears to be the best predictor, although
the effects of a cultural filter become
evident."
Correspondence: T. Engelen, University of
Nijmegen, Department of Economic and Social History, P.O. Box 9103,
6500 HD Nijmegen, Netherlands. E-mail: th.engelen@let.kun.nl.
Location: Princeton University Library (PR).
64:10220 Ford, David; Nault,
François. Changing fertility patterns, 1974 to
1994. [Changements des tendances de la fécondité,
1974 à 1994.] Health Reports/Rapports sur la Santé, Vol.
8, No. 3, Winter 1996. 39-48; 43-51 pp. Ottawa, Canada. In Eng; Fre.
The authors examine national and provincial trends in fertility in
Canada from 1974 to 1994. During this period, "the number of
children Canadian women are likely to have during their lifetime
decreased....As they pursued higher education and employment in the
paid workforce, women have postponed childbearing. Consequently, the
average age of women giving birth has risen....And by starting families
later in life, women tend to have fewer children. In addition, largely
because of the growing number of common-law relationships, over a
quarter of all births are to unmarried
women."
Correspondence: D. Ford, Statistics Canada,
Division of Health Statistics, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0T6, Canada.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:10221 Goldstein, Alice; White, Michael;
Goldstein, Sidney. Migration, fertility, and state policy
in Hubei Province, China. Demography, Vol. 34, No. 4, Nov 1997.
481-91 pp. Silver Spring, Maryland. In Eng.
"Despite China's
one-child family planning policy, the nation experienced a slight rise
in the birth rate in the mid-1980s. Many observers attributed this rise
to the heightened fertility of those rural-to-urban migrants who moved
without a change in registration (temporary migrants), presumably to
avoid the surveillance of family planning programs at origin and
destination. Using a sequential logit analysis with life-history data
from a 1988 survey of Hubei Province, we test this possibility by
comparing nonmigrants, permanent migrants, and temporary migrants.
While changing family planning policies have a strong impact on timing
of first birth and on the likelihood of higher-order births, migrants
generally do not have more children than nonmigrants. In fact,
migration tends to lower the propensity to have a child. More
specifically, the fertility of temporary migrants does not differ
significantly from that of other women."
This paper was
originally presented at the 1996 Annual Meeting of the Population
Association of America.
Correspondence: A. Goldstein, Brown
University, Population Studies and Training Center, Box 1916,
Providence, RI 02912. E-mail: Alice_Goldstein@brown.edu. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:10222 Han, Jingqing; Yao, Cuizhen; Chen,
Shengli. Using the birth number base and mean birth number
base to estimate total fertility in China, 1990-2010. In: 1992
National Fertility and Family Planning Survey, China: selected research
papers in English. Oct 1997. 117-26 pp. State Family Planning
Commission of China: Beijing, China; U.S. Centers for Disease Control
and Prevention [CDC]: Atlanta, Georgia. In Eng.
"Birth number
base (BNB) is an important concept in analyzing fertility and
projecting population....In this chapter, we introduce the concept of
mean birth number base (MBNB) and analyze the effect of birth model
(i.e., the structure of age-specific fertility), female age-specific
mortality, and female age structure on both BNB and MBNB....We also
discuss some applications of BNB and MBNB and estimate the BNB and the
MBNB in China for the years 1990-2010."
Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:10223 Hill, Kenneth; Marindo,
Ravai. Trends and differentials in fertility in Zimbabwe,
1980-94: analysis of the 1988 and 1994 DHS surveys. Zimbabwe
Further Analysis, Oct 1997. iii, 14 pp. Macro International,
Demographic and Health Surveys [DHS]: Calverton, Maryland. In Eng.
The present analysis uses data from the 1994 and the 1988 Zimbabwe
Demographic and Health Surveys to characterize the downward trend in
fertility as well as differences in fertility levels and patterns among
population subgroups in Zimbabwe.
Correspondence: Macro
International, Demographic and Health Surveys, 11785 Beltsville Drive,
Suite 300, Calverton, MD 20705-3119. E-mail: reports@macroint.com.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:10224 Jain, Anrudh.
Consistency between contraceptive use and fertility in India.
Demography India, Vol. 26, No. 1, Jan-Jun 1997. 19-36 pp. Delhi, India.
In Eng.
"The analysis presented in this paper has applied the
cross-country relationship between TFR [total fertility rate] and CPR
[contraceptive prevalence rate] and the proximate determinants model to
assess the degree of consistency between contraceptive use and
fertility in India. The data...are used to obtain estimates for states
and the country as a whole for the early 1990s." Data are from the
National Family Health Survey undertaken in 1992-1993.
This paper
was originally presented at the 1996 Annual Meeting of the Population
Association of America.
Correspondence: A. Jain, Population
Council, One Dag Hammarskjold Plaza, New York, NY 10017. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:10225 Jie, Zhan. Effects of
women's educational attainment on fertility change in China. In:
1992 National Fertility and Family Planning Survey, China: selected
research papers in English. Oct 1997. 99-107 pp. State Family Planning
Commission of China: Beijing, China; U.S. Centers for Disease Control
and Prevention [CDC]: Atlanta, Georgia. In Eng.
"This chapter
examines the effect of educational attainment on the fertility of three
cohorts of Chinese women as family planning policies changed through
time....Measures of educational attainment by Chinese women are useful
in understanding the multiple factors that have led to fertility
decline and that were part of the social and cultural transformations
that took place in China from 1972 to 1992."
Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:10226 Jongstra, Eduard. The
proximate determinants of fertility in Yemen. Population Bulletin
of ESCWA, No. 44, 1996. 29-44 pp. Amman, Jordan. In Eng.
"Using data from the Yemen Arab Republic Fertility Survey of
1979 and the Yemen Demographic Maternal and Child Health Survey of
1991, the proximate determinants of fertility have been estimated for
north-western Yemen (the former Yemen Arab Republic)....Although
fertility levels for rural women remained almost constant, for urban
women a sharp decline was noted....The fertility decline for urban
women was brought about by the increased use of contraceptives and the
postponement of marriage. Postpartum infecundability of rural women has
declined, while their use of contraceptives has much
increased."
Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
64:10227 Kalipeni, Ezekiel.
Population pressure, social change, culture and Malawi's pattern of
fertility transition. African Studies Review, Vol. 40, No. 2, Sep
1997. 173-208 pp. Atlanta, Georgia. In Eng.
"Using data from
the 1977 and 1987 censuses, this paper examines the levels and spatial
variations of fertility rates in Malawi within the context of the
demographic transition theory. The two years of 1977 and 1987 were
chosen because the two most recent census sets were taken during these
years. The paper offers a detailed examination of the ambiguous
relationship between fertility levels and socioeconomic variables
associated with modernization theory and the demographic transition
model. It also suggests a stronger causal relationship between cultural
variables and the spatial variation of fertility levels in
Malawi."
Correspondence: E. Kalipeni, University of
Illinois, Department of Geography, Urbana, IL 61801. Location:
Princeton University Library (PR).
64:10228 Kazue, Suzuki. Women
rebuff the call for more babies. Japan Quarterly, Vol. 42, Jan-Mar
1995. 14-20 pp. Tokyo, Japan. In Eng.
The author discusses reasons
for the declining birth rate in Japan and outlines efforts by the
government and other organizations to promote larger families. Aspects
considered include women's attitude toward childbirth and government
policies, higher levels of female education and employment, and male
difficulties in finding spouses.
Correspondence: S. Kazue,
Asahi Shimbun Publishing, 3-2 Tsukiji 5-chome, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-11,
Japan. Location: Princeton University Library (FST).
64:10229 Kim, Tai-Hun. The
effects of sex-selective abortion on fertility level in Korea.
Korea Journal of Population and Development, Vol. 26, No. 1, Jul 1997.
43-60 pp. Seoul, Korea, Republic of. In Eng.
"In this paper,
we present empirical evidence for the levels and their changes of the
sex ratio in Korea. And the relationships between fertility level and
sex ratio will be analysed with the estimation of the number of
sex-selective abortions and the number of births controlled by
abortion. The data and detailed methods will be shown just before the
analysis in each section, if necessary."
Correspondence:
T.-H. Kim, Korea National University of Education, Department of
Demography, Seoul, Republic of Korea. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
64:10230 Krishna Reddy, M. M.
Fertility and family planning behaviour in Indian society.
1996. 274 pp. Kanishka Publishers, Distributors: New Delhi, India. In
Eng.
This is a general review of the factors affecting fertility
and family planning behavior in contemporary India. There are chapters
on Indian culture and modern thought; Indian social structure and
change, with special reference to Hindus and Muslims; religion,
fertility, and family planning behavior; Hindu social stratification,
fertility, and family planning; infant mortality and family planning
among Hindus; modernization, fertility, and family planning among
Hindus; and the implementation of the two-child family norm in rural
Indian society.
Correspondence: Kanishka Publishers,
Distributors, 4697/5-21A Ansari Road, Darya Ganj, New Delhi 110 002,
India. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:10231 Kumar, Sanjay. Women's
work status and fertility: macro and micro level analysis in India and
its selected states. Demography India, Vol. 26, No. 1, Jan-Jun
1997. 63-78 pp. Delhi, India. In Eng.
"The specific objective
of this paper is to study the nature of [the] relationship between
women's work status and fertility in India as a whole and in [a] few
selected states with different socio-demographic characteristics. The
paper analyses the nature of [the] relationship between economic status
and fertility after controlling for a few important socio-demographic
factors both at macro and micro level. An attempt has also been made to
assess the relative importance of work status of the women on fertility
(as an individual level variable) combined with the norms prevailing in
the society at the aggregate level (as macro level
variable)...."
Correspondence: S. Kumar, Population
Foundation of India, B-28, Qutab Institutional Area, New Delhi 110 016,
India. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:10232 Lagerlöf, Nils-Petter.
Endogenous fertility and the old-age security hypothesis: a
note. Journal of Public Economics, Vol. 64, No. 2, May 1997.
279-86 pp. Amsterdam, Netherlands. In Eng.
The author critiques
articles by K. Nishimura and J. Zhang, regarding endogenous fertility
and social security programs. "Many of the results in Nishimura
and Zhang (1992) and in Zhang and Nishimura (1993) are incorrect, since
the authors assume interior solutions to many of the utility
maximization problems, when corner solutions yield higher utility. This
note proves, inter alia, that fertility and saving cannot both be
positive in the optimal steady state."
For the studies by
Nishimura and Zhang referred to, see 59:40554 and 60:20560.
Correspondence: N.-P. Lagerlöf, Stockholm University,
Institute for International Economic Studies, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden.
E-mail: npl@iies.su.se. Location: Princeton University Library
(FST).
64:10233 Lavertu, Jacques.
Fertility and the timing of family formation: the 1990 Family
Survey. [Fécondité et calendrier de constitution des
familles: Enquête Famille de 1990.] INSEE Résultats:
Démographie-Société, No. 62, ISBN 2-11-066656-0.
Nov 1997. 144 pp. Institut National de la Statistique et des Etudes
Economiques [INSEE]: Paris, France. In Fre.
This report presents
data on fertility and family formation in France and is based on data
from the 1990 Family Survey. The survey, which was carried out in
conjunction with the 1990 census, involved 330,000 women aged 18-64.
The report has two main objectives: first, to present the main
demographic results from the survey, and second, to compare these
results with those from a previous survey carried out in 1982.
Particular attention is given to changes in cohort fertility for women
born since World War I. Information is included on age-specific
fertility, birth intervals, birth order, the probability of having more
children in relation to time since last birth, and infertility.
For
the previous report, published by Guy Desplanques in 1987, see
53:20443.
Correspondence: Institut National de la
Statistique et des Etudes Economiques, 18 boulevard Adolphe Pinard,
75675 Paris Cedex 14, France. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
64:10234 Lesthaeghe, R.; Vanderhoeft,
C. Ready, willing and able: a conceptualization of
transitions to new behavioral forms. IPD Working Paper, No.
1997-8, 1997. 26 pp. Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Interface Demography:
Brussels, Belgium. In Eng.
"In the present paper we shall try
to present a simple mathematical model for describing the adaptation to
new forms of behavior and for studying the subsequent generalization of
these forms among populations....In this conceptualization we shall
make use of three basic concepts that correspond to three preconditions
for the adaptation to a new mode of behavior. These three preconditions
are `readiness', `willingness' and `ability'....We shall revisit
the...preconditions and their use in various `narratives' of the
fertility transition....[We relate these] concepts to actual data taken
from the DHS-surveys in African countries."
Correspondence:
Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Interface Demography, Pleinlaan 2,
1050 Brussels, Belgium. E-mail: esvbalck@vub.ac.be. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:10235 Losada Alvarez, Abel F.
Cuba (1898-1958). Fertility decline and socioeconomic change.
[Cuba (1898-1958). Descenso de la fecundidad y cambio
socioeconómico.] Boletín de la Asociación de
Demografía Histórica, Vol. 15, No. 1, 1997. 41-78 pp.
Madrid, Spain. In Spa. with sum. in Eng; Fre.
"Two fundamental
points are raised in this paper on the demographic history of the
island of Cuba between its independence from Spain up to Fidel Castro's
revolution. Firstly, different factors which could have influenced its
evolution in a decisive way are considered: the composition of its
population according to sex and age, the influence of the changes in
marital status, the distribution of its population and urban
development, and the external and internal migratory movements. Later,
taking the aforementioned factors into account, a reconstruction is
made of the path of descent in
fertility...."
Correspondence: A. F. Losada Alvarez,
Universidad de Vigo, Facultad de Economía, C/Oporto 1, 36201
Vigo, Spain. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:10236 Lumey, L. H.; Stein, Aryeh
D. In utero exposure to famine and subsequent fertility:
the Dutch Famine Birth Cohort Study. American Journal of Public
Health, Vol. 87, No. 12, Dec 1997. 1,962-70 pp. Washington, D.C. In
Eng.
The effect of prenatal calorie restriction due to food
shortages on subsequent fecundity is analyzed using data on 700 women
born in Amsterdam, the Netherlands, between August 1, 1944, and April
15, 1946, a period including a severe wartime famine. The results
indicate that "there was no detectable effect of famine exposure
on age at menarche, the proportion having no children, age at first
delivery, or family size. An excess of perinatal deaths occurred among
offspring of famine-exposed women, particularly those exposed in their
third trimester."
Correspondence: L. H. Lumey,
American Health Foundation, Epidemiology Division, 320 East 43rd
Street, New York, NY 10017. Location: Princeton University
Library (SZ).
64:10237 Mason, Karen O.
Explaining fertility transitions. Demography, Vol. 34, No. 4,
Nov 1997. 443-54 pp. Silver Spring, Maryland. In Eng.
"In this
essay, I suggest that the crisis in our understanding of fertility
transitions is more apparent than real. Although most existing theories
of fertility transition have been partially or wholly discredited, this
reflects a tendency to assume that all fertility transitions share one
or two causes, to ignore mortality decline as a precondition for
fertility decline, to assume that pretransitional fertility is wholly
governed by social constraints rather than by individual
decision-making, and to test ideas on a decadal time scale. I end the
essay by suggesting a perceptual, interactive approach to explaining
fertility transitions that is closely allied to existing theories but
focuses on conditions that lead couples to switch from postnatal to
prenatal controls on family size."
This is a revised version of
the presidential address delivered at the 1997 Annual Meeting of the
Population Association of America.
Correspondence: K. O.
Mason, East-West Center, Program on Population, 1601 East-West Road,
Honolulu, HI 96848-1601. E-mail: MasonK@Hawaii.edu. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:10238 Ngondo a Pitshandenge.
The nuclearization of the biological family and the reinforcement
of the social household in Kinshasa: the results of a demographic
transition occurring in a crisis. [Nucléarisation du
ménage biologique et renforcement du ménage social
à Kinshasa: les retombées d'une transition
démographique de crise.] Zaire Afrique, No. 308, 1996. 419-44
pp. Kinshasa, Zaire. In Fre.
Recent trends in fertility and
household dynamics in Kinshasa, Zaire, are analyzed using data from a
1995 education survey of 1,184 households. The focus is on the
demographic impact of the economic crises experienced by the city in
recent years. The author first examines the evidence for a decline in
fertility associated with the economic crisis, and also notes a decline
in the rate of urbanization, an aging of the urban population, and a
decline in nuptiality. The impact of economic factors on the household
is then examined, and it is suggested that unfavorable economic
conditions have led to an increase in household size, due mainly to the
inclusion of more relatives rather than to the birth of more
children.
Correspondence: Ngondo a Pitshandenge,
Université de Kinshasa, Faculté de Démographie,
Boîte Postale 127, Kinshasa XI, Zaire. Location:
Stanford University Library, Stanford, CA.
64:10239 Noack, Turid; Østby,
Lars. Fertility and family surveys in countries of the ECE
region: standard country report, Norway. Economic Studies, No.
10a, Pub. Order No. GV.E.96-0-32. ISBN 92-1-100729-1. 1996. xii, 99 pp.
UN Economic Commission for Europe [ECE]: Geneva, Switzerland; United
Nations Population Fund [UNFPA]: New York, New York. In Eng.
This
is one in a series of comparable surveys on fertility and family change
that are being carried out in ECE member countries. This report
presents results from the Family and Occupation Survey carried out in
Norway in 1988. Following chapters on survey methodology, socioeconomic
trends, and population trends in the country, there is a chapter
presenting the main results of the survey. These include topics such as
household composition, parental home, partnership formation and
dissolution, children, fertility regulation, fertility preferences,
values and beliefs, and female education and
occupations.
Correspondence: UN Economic Commission for
Europe, Palais des Nations, Room 351, 1211 Geneva 10, Switzerland.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:10240 Pathak, K. B. Fertility
and mortality transition in India: policy perspectives and
priorities. In: Population policy and reproductive health, edited
by K. Srinivasan. 1996. 83-95 pp. Hindustan Publishing Corporation: New
Delhi, India. In Eng.
The author analyzes mortality and fertility
trends in India, with a focus on patterns in the different states and
in rural and urban areas. Possible ways to improve the effectiveness of
population policies are discussed.
Correspondence: K. B.
Pathak, International Institute for Population Sciences, Govandi
Station Road, Deonar, Mumbai 400 088, India. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:10241 Pinnelli, Antonella.
Women's condition, low fertility, and emerging union patterns in
Europe. In: Gender and family change in industrialized countries,
edited by Karen O. Mason and An-Magritt Jensen. 1995. 82-101 pp.
Clarendon Press: Oxford, England. In Eng.
"This chapter is
concerned with the apparent divergence between fertility trends and
trends in union formation and dissolution in Western Europe--in
particular, whether conditions for women can explain these trends and
the divergence between them....In the next section, we analyse
country-level data from fifteen Western European countries in order to
understand how various demographic, family, socio-economic, and gender
inequality indicators are statistically interrelated. Then, in a
subsequent section, we review women's working conditions and
governmental initiatives favouring the reconciliation of women's roles
as mothers and workers in order to assess the impact of these
initiatives on reproductive and family trends. In the concluding
section, we examine the implications of our analysis for future trends
in the family and fertility in Western
Europe."
Correspondence: A. Pinnelli,
Università degli Studi di Roma La Sapienza, Dipartimento di
Scienze Demografiche, Via Nomentana 41, 00161 Rome, Italy.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:10242 Rajaram, S. Secular
changes in the patterns of reproduction in Goa in the 1980s.
Demography India, Vol. 26, No. 1, Jan-Jun 1997. 93-108 pp. Delhi,
India. In Eng.
"The purpose of the present paper is to study
the trends and differentials in the timing of births at two points of
time in the state of Goa [India]. The paper attempts to [establish]
whether fertility transition between the two points of time is
characterized by truncation of ages of child bearing and/or by
elongation of the last closed birth interval....The use of
contraceptives has increased substantially in the study population
during the period under consideration."
Correspondence:
S. Rajaram, Population Foundation of India, B-28, Qutab
Institutional Area, New Delhi 110 016, India. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:10243 Ranjan, Alok. Fertility
transition in Indian states 1985-1992. Demography India, Vol. 26,
No. 1, Jan-Jun 1997. 37-44 pp. Delhi, India. In Eng.
"In this
paper we attempt to analyze transition in crude birth rate in Indian
states during the period 1985-92 through the use of a decomposition
methodology....[The] methodology...permits [us] to measure the extent
of change in the crude birth rate attributed to the change in the risk
of conception; change in the patterns of entry into married
reproductive period; and change in the age-structure of the
population."
Correspondence: A. Ranjan, Shyam
Institute of Public Corporation and Community Development, Datia,
Madhya Pradesh 475 661, India. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
64:10244 Roudi, Farzaneh.
Surprising decline in Iran's growth rates. Population Today,
Vol. 25, No. 11, Nov 1997. 4-5 pp. Washington, D.C. In Eng.
"Iran's 1996 census found the nation's population totaled 60
million--about 6 million to 7 million lower than estimates used by the
UN and other international organizations. These results surprised
Iranian demographers; outside Iran, some demographers have examined the
new data with skepticism." Possible reasons for Iran's fertility
decline are discussed, including a strong government family planning
effort, desire for smaller families, contraceptive use, and
dissemination of reproductive health and family planning
information.
Correspondence: F. Roudi, Population Reference
Bureau, 1875 Connecticut Avenue NW, Suite 520, Washington, D.C.
20009-5728. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:10245 Sánchez,
Jesús. The two fertility transitions in Navarre
(Spain), 1786-1991. Population Studies Center Research Report, No.
97-381, Feb 1997. 29 pp. University of Michigan, Population Studies
Center: Ann Arbor, Michigan. In Eng.
"The increase in life
expectancy at the end of the nineteenth century and beginning of the
twentieth presents itself as the major cause for the descent in the
average number of children per married woman in Navarre. The data
obtained in 37 municipalities of this Spanish province leave little
room for doubt about the influence that mortality had on the first
fertility transition (descent in the average number of births per
married woman). A second fertility transition began in the decade of
the [nineteen-]fifties, in which not only did the descent in the number
of births continue, but a descent in the average number of children to
survive to adulthood per married women was initiated as well. The
importance of the education of the young and a change in wealth flows
demonstrate themselves to be the principal causes of this second
transition."
Correspondence: University of Michigan,
Population Studies Center, 1225 South University Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI
48104-2590. Location: University of Michigan Library, Ann
Arbor, MI.
64:10246 Sandhu, Jasmeet.
Sociology of fertility. 1996. 175 pp. Rawat Publications:
Jaipur, India. In Eng.
The determinants of fertility in the
Amritsar district of rural Punjab, India, are analyzed using a model
based on the models developed by Hill, Back, and Stycos (1959) and
Freedman (1975). The broad objectives of the study are to examine
fertility differentials among women aged 15-44, to study the
interrelationships among the variables affecting fertility, to assess
the relative importance of those variables, and to draw policy
implications and suggest measures for the further reduction of
fertility in the Punjab. The data concern a sample of 313 women who
were interviewed in 1988.
Correspondence: Rawat
Publications, 3-Na-20, Jawahar Nagar, Jaipur 302 004, India.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:10247 Saxena, Prem C.; Aoun, Habbouba
Y. Women's education, economic activity and fertility:
relationship re-examined (a study based on a Lebanese community).
Al-Abhath, Vol. 45, 1997. 25-39 pp. Beirut, Lebanon. In Eng.
"The primary objective of the present paper is to investigate
how women's education and work status affect the fertility of Lebanese
women. Also, the study attempts to asses the extent of maternal role
incompatibility experienced by Lebanese women engaged in higher and
lower prestigious occupations and its effect on their
fertility."
Correspondence: P. C. Saxena, American
University of Beirut, Faculty of Earth Sciences, Beirut, Lebanon.
E-mail: psaxena@aub.edu.lb. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
64:10248 Shakhot'ko, L. The
reproductive behavior of the population of Belarus.
[Reproduktivnoe povedenie naseleniya Belarusi.] Voprosy Statistiki, No.
3, 1997. 82-90 pp. Moscow, Russia. In Rus.
Fertility trends in
Belarus over the period 1958-1995 are analyzed in this paper. The
author notes that an increase in fertility occurred in the early 1980s,
but that fertility has declined significantly since 1986. The reasons
for this decline are explored. Changes in attitudes toward fertility
and ideal family size are also noted.
Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
64:10249 Taris, Toon W.
Reconsidering the relations between female employment and
fertility: having children, full-time, and part-time employment.
International Journal of Sociology of the Family, Vol. 27, No. 1,
Spring 1997. 45-68 pp. New Delhi, India. In Eng.
"Using a
longitudinal sample of 154 young full-time employed Dutch women who
were living with a male partner and who were childless at the start of
the study we sought to re-examine the relations between fertility and
employment, by means of semi-parametric survival models and structural
equation modelling. Our results supported the notion that job
characteristics, values, and human capital variables interact with
fertility where it concerns the course of the employment career, while
there were also interesting differences regarding the predictors of
employment exits vs. taking up part-time employment. Implications of
these findings are discussed."
Correspondence: T. W.
Taris, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Kurt Lewis Institute, 1081 HV
Amsterdam, Netherlands. Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
64:10250 Thailand. National Statistical Office
(Bangkok, Thailand). Report of the 1996 Survey of
Fertility in Thailand. ISBN 974-236-585-7. 1997. [vi], 164 pp.
Bangkok, Thailand. In Tha.
This report presents results from the
1996 Survey of Fertility carried out in Thailand. Although there is no
English summary, the table titles are provided in English. The data
concern the characteristics of ever-married women aged 15-49, including
fertility, marital status, desired fertility, child care arrangements,
breast-feeding, and abortion experience. The data are presented for the
whole kingdom and for the regions.
Correspondence: National
Statistical Office, Statistical Data Bank and Information Dissemination
Division, Larn Luang Road, Bangkok 10100, Thailand. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:10251 Tsuya, Noriko O.; Mason, Karen
O. Changing gender roles and below-replacement fertility
in Japan. In: Gender and family change in industrialized
countries, edited by Karen O. Mason and An-Magritt Jensen. 1995. 139-67
pp. Clarendon Press: Oxford, England. In Eng.
The reasons for the
recent decline in fertility in Japan to levels considerably below
replacement level are explored using data from official sources. The
focus is on the changes in marriage patterns that have been identified
as the primary cause of the fertility decline, particularly the low
proportion of Japanese women marrying in their twenties. "The
explanation for which the strongest evidence was found is that
educational and economic opportunities for young Japanese women have
improved while the Japanese wife's subordinated and highly domesticated
position in the family has changed little--a combination, we suggest,
that has made young Japanese women reluctant to enter marriage before
enjoying a period of relative autonomy and freedom from domestic
burdens during which they can seek higher education and work for
pay."
Correspondence: N. O. Tsuya, Nihon University,
Population Research Institute, 3-2 Misaki-cho, 1-chome, Chiyoda-ku,
Tokyo 102, Japan. Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
64:10252 United Nations. Department of
Economic and Social Affairs. Population Division (New York, New
York). Family-building and family planning
evaluation. No. ST/ESA/SER.R/148, Pub. Order No. E.98.XIII.3. ISBN
92-1-151314-6. 1997. viii, 112 pp. New York, New York. In Eng.
"This report describes a methodology for measuring fertility
which is based on a woman's childbearing experience as she moves
through successive phases of the family-building process. The
methodology may thus serve as a complement or possibly an alternative
to the more commonly used methods that measure fertility in terms of
summary indices such as total fertility rate. The rationale for this
approach is the assumption that fertility decisions and behaviour are
essentially parity-dependent, especially when family planning becomes
more widespread. In effect, it is assumed that family-building can be
more realistically viewed as a succession of decisions whether and when
to have a first child or a next child than as a once-and-for-all
decision to have a specified number of children. The methodology is
intended to serve both as means to more refined analysis of fertility
change and as a better tool for the monitoring and evaluation of family
planning programmes. In this report, it is applied to the analysis of
fertility trends and to measurement of the impact of family planning in
15 countries in the developing regions."
Correspondence:
UN Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division,
United Nations, New York, NY 10017. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
64:10253 van Giersbergen, N. P. A.; de Beer,
J. Number of births and consumer confidence: an
econometric analysis. [Geboorteontwikkeling en
consumentenvertrouwen: een econometrische analyse.] Maandstatistiek van
de Bevolking, Vol. 45, No. 11, Nov 1997. 23-7 pp. Voorburg,
Netherlands. In Dut. with sum. in Eng.
"Short-term changes in
the number of births can be predicted by previous short-term changes in
consumer confidence." The authors use a structural time series
model to "construct predictions for the number of births [in the
Netherlands] in the years 1997 and 1998. The model predicts that the
decline in the number of births in the period 1991 to 1996 will be
followed by an increase in the years 1997 and
1998."
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:10254 Wattenberg, Ben J. The
population explosion is over. New York Times Magazine, Nov 23,
1997. 60-3 pp. New York, New York. In Eng.
"Mounting evidence,
from rich nations and poor, strongly suggests that the population
explosion is fizzling. Earlier this month, for the first time ever, the
United Nations Population Division convened expert demographers to
consider aspects of low and tumbling fertility rates....Never before
have birthrates fallen so far, so fast, so low, for so long all around
the world. The potential implications--environmental, economic,
geopolitical and personal--are both unclear and clearly monumental, for
good and for ill." The author briefly examines possible causes and
consequences of changing fertility rates, and considers the impact on
future economic development.
Correspondence: B. J.
Wattenberg, American Enterprise Institute for Public Policy Research,
1150 17th Street NW, Washington, D.C. 20036. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:10255 Ytterstad, Elinor; Brenn,
Tormod. Daily number of births in Norway 1989-1993:
variation across month, day of week, phase of moon, and changes in
national maternity leave entitlements. [Daglige fødselstall
for Norge 1989-93: fordeling over kalendermåned, ukedag,
månefase og endring av regler for fødselspermisjon.]
Tidsskrift for den Norske Lægeforening/Journal of the Norwegian
Medical Association, Vol. 8, No. 117, 1997. 1,098-101 pp. Oslo, Norway.
In Nor. with sum. in Eng.
"The variation in the daily numbers
of births across month, day of week, phase of the moon and maternity
leave entitlements have been studied for all births in Norway between
1989 and 1993, a total of 302,209 newborn children. The number of
births was highest in the spring and lowest in November and
December....The number of births does not seem to vary with phase of
the moon. At the time of the latest, and largest increase in national
birth maternity leave entitlements, fewer births occurred in the days
before and correspondingly more births in the days immediately after
the date when the change came into force."
Correspondence:
E. Ytterstad, Universitetet i Tromsø, Institutt for
Matematiske Realfag, Breivika, 9037 Tromsø, Norway.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:10256 Yu, Jingyuan; Yuan, Jianhua.
The fertility status of Chinese women in recent years. In:
1992 National Fertility and Family Planning Survey, China: selected
research papers in English. Oct 1997. 23-5 pp. State Family Planning
Commission of China: Beijing, China; U.S. Centers for Disease Control
and Prevention [CDC]: Atlanta, Georgia. In Eng.
"According to
survey data collected annually by the State Statistical Bureau, the
total fertility rate of Chinese women decreased from a replacement
level of 2.18 in 1990 to 2.02 in 1991 and then to 1.83 in 1992--a
two-year decline of 16.1 percent....This chapter examines the
reliability of previously published annual fertility data for 1980-1992
using data from population sampling surveys conducted in 1988 and
1992."
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:10257 Zachariah, K. C.; Irudaya Rajan,
S. Kerala's demographic transition: determinants and
consequences. ISBN 81-7036-645-3. LC 97-14484. 1997. 367 pp. Sage
Publications: New Delhi, India. In Eng.
This book contains a number
of papers on the demographic transition in the Indian state of Kerala
that were presented at the International Congress on Kerala Studies
held in Trivandrum in August 1994. "The purpose of this volume is
to understand the reasons why Kerala was able to achieve its
demographic transition even in the absence of corresponding buoyancy in
the economic sectors in order to draw lessons for both other Indian
states and other developing nations. Among the aspects discussed by the
contributors are the nature of this transition; the role played by
education, age at marriage and the use of contraceptives; the causes
and consequences of population ageing; the impact of both internal and
external migration; and possible future patterns of population growth
and age structure and their socioeconomic
implications."
Correspondence: Sage Publications, M-32
Greater Kailash Market I, New Delhi 110 048, India. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
Studies on differences in fertility patterns and levels in subgroups of a population. Also included are studies on age-specific fertility, such as teenage pregnancy.
64:10258 Bennett, Trude; Skatrud, Julia D.;
Guild, Priscilla; Loda, Frank; Klerman, Lorraine V. Rural
adolescent pregnancy: a view from the South. Family Planning
Perspectives, Vol. 29, No. 6, Nov-Dec 1997. 256-60, 267 pp. New York,
New York. In Eng.
"An analysis of 1990 census and vital
statistics data for eight Southeastern [U.S.] states revealed that the
teenage birthrate generally was higher in rural than in metropolitan
areas; the exception was among black women aged 15-17. The highest
birthrate was 162 births per 1,000 among rural black women aged 18-19.
Abortion rates were much lower for rural teenagers than for urban
teenagers, regardless of race. For 15-17-year-olds, white women had an
abortion rate of 12 abortions per 1,000 in rural counties and 18 per
1,000 in metropolitan counties; black women had rates of 13 per 1,000
and 30 per 1,000 in rural and metropolitan areas, respectively.
Similarly, the abortion ratio was lower in rural than in urban
areas....Black 15-17-year-olds in metropolitan areas had a higher
pregnancy rate (106 per 1,000) than those in rural counties (87 per
1,000). The pregnancy rate of white women aged 15-17 was similar in
urban and metropolitan areas (about 46 per
1,000)."
Correspondence: T. Bennett, University of
North Carolina, School of Public Health, Department of Maternal and
Child Health, Chapel Hill, NC 27514. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
64:10259 Cuba. Cómite Estatal de
Estadísticas. Instituto de Investigaciones Estadísticas
(Havana, Cuba). Adolescent fertility. Some elements of
behavior in Cuba in the past decade. [La fecundidad adolescente.
Algunos elementos sobre su comportamiento en Cuba en la ultima decada.]
Oct 1992. 21 pp. Havana, Cuba. In Spa.
The author reviews trends in
adolescent pregnancy in Cuba for the period 1981-1991. Reasons for the
fertility decline among this age group are analyzed. Aspects considered
include contraceptive knowledge and use, induced abortion, educational
level, family planning programs, and sex
education.
Correspondence: Cómite Estatal de
Estadísticas, Instituto de Investigaciones Estadísticas,
Almendares No. 156, Esquina a Desague, Gaveta Postal 6016, Havana,
Cuba. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:10260 Gray, Ronald H.; Wawer, Maria J.;
Serwadda, David; Sewankambo, Nelson; Li, Chuanjun; Wabwire-Mangen,
Frederick; Paxton, Lynn; Kiwanuka, Noah; Kigozi, Godfrey; Konde-Lule,
Joseph; Quinn, Thomas C.; Gaydos, Charlotte A.; McNairn,
Denise. Population-based study of fertility in women with
HIV-1 infection in Uganda. Lancet, Vol. 351, No. 9096, Jan 10,
1998. 98-103 pp. New York, New York/London, England. In Eng.
The
effects of HIV-1 and other sexually transmitted infections on pregnancy
are assessed using data on 4,813 sexually active women aged 15-49
living in Rakai, a rural district in Uganda. The results show that
"pregnancy prevalence is greatly reduced in HIV-1-infected women,
owing to lower rates of conception and increased rates of pregnancy
loss. HIV-1 surveillance confined to pregnant women underestimates the
magnitude of the HIV-1 epidemic in the general
population."
Correspondence: R. H. Gray, Johns Hopkins
University, School of Hygiene and Public Health, Population Dynamics,
Room 4030, 615 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21205. Location:
Princeton University Library (SZ).
64:10261 Hou, Feng; Omwanda, Lewis O.; Kaspar,
Violet; Noh, Samuel. Differential effects of
sociodemographic factors across birth orders among Canadian women.
Canadian Studies in Population, Vol. 23, No. 2, 1996. 127-45 pp.
Edmonton, Canada. In Eng. with sum. in Fre.
"Cox proportional
hazards models were applied to...1984 Canadian Fertility Survey data to
examine the varying associations of selected socioeconomic factors with
the likelihood and timing of first, second, third, and fourth births
among Canadian women of reproductive ages. The results indicated that
women's religiosity, rural residence, marriage cohort, and previous
birth intervals were consistently and significantly related to the
likelihood and timing of all orders of birth. However, the two
prominent determinants of fertility, mother's education and early
career experience, were related significantly only to the first two
births, and even then the effect of education was
non-monotonic...."
Correspondence: F. Hou, University
of Western Ontario, Department of Sociology, London, Ontario N6A 3K7,
Canada. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:10262 Kposowa, Augustine J.
Explaining racial and ethnic differences in family size in the
United States. International Journal of Sociology of the Family,
Vol. 27, No. 1, Spring 1997. 69-103 pp. New Delhi, India. In Eng.
"This paper seeks to explain racial and ethnic differences in
family size in the United States, using census data drawn from the 1980
Public Use Microdata Samples. Based on the minority group status and
opportunity costs perspectives, the paper develops and tests the
hypothesis that race/ethnicity has an independent effect on fertility,
net of the effects of socioeconomic variables and that access to
structural opportunities as indexed by generational status conditions
the effect of socioeconomic variables on fertility. It is found that
substantial fertility differentials exist between whites and such
minority groups as blacks, Mexican Americans, American Indians,
Japanese and Chinese Americans."
Correspondence: A. J.
Kposowa, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:10263 Mathews, T. J.; Ventura, Stepanie J.;
Curtin, Sally C.; Martin, Joyce A. Births of Hispanic
origin, 1989-95. NCHS Monthly Vital Statistics Report, Vol. 46,
Suppl., No. 6, Pub. Order No. DHHS (PHS) 98-1120. Feb 12, 1998. 28 pp.
U.S. National Center for Health Statistics [NCHS]: Hyattsville,
Maryland. In Eng.
Data are presented on births to Hispanic women in
the United States from 1989 to 1995. "The number of births born to
Hispanic women has risen every year from 1989 to 1995. In addition in
1989 Hispanic women had 14 percent of births in the United States and
in 1995 they represented 18 percent. While Hispanic women as a group
continue to have higher fertility rates than non-Hispanics, Mexican
women in particular have dramatically higher
rates."
Correspondence: U.S. National Center for
Health Statistics, 6525 Belcrest Road, Hyattsville, MD 20782-2003.
E-mail: nchsquery@cdc.gov. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
64:10264 Millar, Wayne J.; Wadhera,
Surinder. A perspective on Canadian teenage births,
1992-94: older men and younger women? Canadian Journal of Public
Health/Revue Canadienne de Santé Publique, Vol. 88, No. 5,
Sep-Oct 1997. 333-6 pp. Ottawa, Canada. In Eng.
"This article
uses vital statistics relating to births by Canadian mothers between
1992 and 1994 to examine the distribution of age of father by age of
mother at the birth of the child. Over 77% of births to teenage mothers
involved males who were older than the mother. At the time of birth of
the child, the mean difference between age of the teenage mother and
the father was 4.1 years, compared with a mean of 2.6 years for all
mothers and fathers. For mothers below the age of 18 years, 37% of
partners were within 2 years of the woman's age, 39% were 3 to 5 years
older, and 24% were six or more years
older."
Correspondence: W. J. Millar, Statistics
Canada, Health and Vital Statistics Division, 18th Floor, R. H. Coats
Building, Tunney's Pasture, Ottawa K1A OT6, Canada. E-mail:
millway@statcan.ca. Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
64:10265 Moore, Kristin A.; Miller, Brent C.;
Glei, Dana; Morrison, Donna R. Adolescent sex,
contraception, and childbearing: a review of recent research. Jun
1995. xviii, 187, [52] pp. Child Trends: Washington, D.C. In Eng.
This report is concerned with the factors that have led to an
exceptionally high rate of teenage childbearing in the United States,
and is based on a review of the published literature. "This review
is organized around the events leading to a birth to a teenager,
including the transition into having sexual intercourse; use of
contraception at first intercourse and use at current or recent
intercourse; and, if pregnancy occurs, decisions about abortions,
adoption and marriage."
Correspondence: Child Trends,
4301 Connecticut Avenue NW, Suite 100, Washington, D.C. 20008.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:10266 Ng, Edward; Nault,
François. Fertility among recent immigrant women to
Canada, 1991: an examination of the disruption hypothesis.
International Migration, Vol. 35, No. 4, 1997. 559-78 pp. Geneva,
Switzerland. In Eng. with sum. in Fre; Spa.
"The objective of
this study is to examine the disruption hypothesis for the fertility
behaviour of recent immigrants. The disruption hypothesis suggests that
during the period immediately following immigration, foreign-born
fertility is depressed but subsequently rises. However, the rise is
only temporary, and as the duration of stay in Canada increases,
immigrant fertility declines....We examine the role of changes in
country of origin of immigrants (from European countries to
non-European countries) and socioeconomic differentials in explaining
the higher current fertility pattern observed among the different
immigrant cohorts as recorded in the 1991 Canadian
census."
Correspondence: E. Ng, Statistics Canada,
Demography Division, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0T6, Canada. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:10267 Okun, Barbara S.
Innovation and adaptation in fertility transition: Jewish
immigrants to Israel from Muslim North Africa and the Middle East.
Population Studies, Vol. 51, No. 3, Nov 1997. 317-35 pp. London,
England. In Eng.
"Transplanted to a radically different
economic and cultural environment, Jewish immigrants to Israel from
Muslim North Africa and the Middle East reduced their cohort fertility
by approximately 33 per cent within 30 years, in the absence of any
organized family planning programme. Following the framework specified
by Carlsson (1969), we identify two fertility control strategies that
contributed to their fertility decline: (1) innovation
behaviour--adoption of the birth control pill, and (2) adaptive
behaviour--increases in birth spacing at low parities. Military service
was a vehicle of socialization for these new immigrants [particularly
in explaining innovative behavior]....These findings thus suggest
circumstances in which cultural barriers to the adoption of new
behaviour are important."
Correspondence: B. S. Okun,
Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Department of Population Studies, Mount
Scopus Campus, Jerusalem 91905, Israel. E-mail: bsokun@vms.huji.ac.il.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:10268 Schinke, Steven P.
Preventing teenage pregnancy: translating research knowledge.
Journal of Human Behavior in the Social Environment, Vol. 1, No. 1,
1998. 53-66 pp. Binghampton, New York. In Eng.
"Teenage
pregnancy is a social problem that has long concerned American
citizens, policy makers, and social scientists. Despite that concern
and notwithstanding the myriad negative consequences of an early
unplanned pregnancy for young mothers and fathers, for their children,
and for society, little progress has been made to understand the social
and behavioral origins of teenage pregnancy. More important,
practitioners and researchers have been sorely remiss in discovering
proven, replicable, and socially acceptable ways to help American young
people avoid unwanted pregnancies. Nascent data, however, have begun to
shed empirical light not only on the underlying causes of pregnancy
among adolescents, but also on strategies for reducing the risks of
unplanned teenage pregnancy."
Correspondence: S. P.
Schinke, 622 West 113th Street, New York, NY 10025. E-mail:
schinke@columbia.edu. Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
64:10269 Stock, Jacqueline L.; Bell, Michelle
A.; Boyer, Debra K.; Connell, Frederick A. Adolescent
pregnancy and sexual risk-taking among sexually abused girls.
Family Planning Perspectives, Vol. 29, No. 5, Sep-Oct 1997. 200-3, 227
pp. New York, New York. In Eng.
"Data on 3,128 girls in grades
eight, 10 and 12 who participated in the 1992 Washington State Survey
of Adolescent Health Behaviors were used to analyze the association of
a self-reported history of sexual abuse with teenage pregnancy and with
sexual behavior that increases the risk of adolescent pregnancy. In
analyses adjusting for grade level, respondents who had been sexually
abused were 3.1 times as likely as those who had not been abused to say
they had ever been pregnant; in multivariate analyses, respondents who
had experienced abuse were 2.3 times as likely as others to have had
intercourse but were not more likely than other sexually active
respondents to have been pregnant. However, those with a history of
sexual abuse were more likely to report having had intercourse by age
15 (odds ratio, 2.1), not using birth control at last intercourse (2.0)
and having had more than one sexual partner
(1.4)."
Correspondence: J. L. Stock, Battelle Centers
for Public Health Research and Evaluation, 4000 NE 41st Street,
Seattle, WA 98105. Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
64:10270 Wielandt, Hanne; Knudsen, Lisbeth
B. Sexual activity and pregnancies among adolescents in
Denmark--trends during the eighties. Nordisk Sexologi, No. 15,
1997. 75-88 pp. Copenhagen, Denmark. In Eng.
"This paper aims
to analyse sexual activity and fertility trends in adolescence in
Denmark during the 1980s....The analysis revealed no substantial change
in sexual activity. In the same period use of contraception at first
sexual intercourse improved significantly. Correspondingly, the
relative number of teenage pregnancies decreased and teenage parenthood
is now rare in Denmark. Parallel trends for females and males were
observed indicating equality between the
sexes."
Correspondence: H. Wielandt, Odense University
Hospital, Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, 5000 Odense,
Denmark. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:10271 Zimmerman, Shirley L.; Gager,
Constance T. A potential case of social bankruptcy:
states' AFDC payments and their teen birth rates. Policy Studies
Journal, Vol. 25, No. 1, Spring 1997. 109-23 pp. Carbondale, Illinois.
In Eng.
"Based on a pooled time series analysis that covers a
30-year period at five different time points--1960, 1970, 1980, 1985,
and 1990--this research examines the relationship between [U.S.]
states' Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC) payments and
teen birth rates. Drawing on rational choice theories, we expected the
effects of states' AFDC payments on their teen birth rates to be
positive, taking into account states' divorce rates, population change
rates, unemployment rates, racial composition, and poverty rates....The
findings do not support assumptions regarding the incentive effects of
welfare that underlie rational choice theories in states where teen
birth rates are higher. If anything, teen birth rates are higher in
states where AFDC payments are lower."
Correspondence:
S. L. Zimmerman, University of Minnesota, Department of Family
Social Science, 290 McNeal Hall, St. Paul, MN 55108. Location:
Princeton University Library (SF).
Studies on infertility, as well as studies of spontaneous abortion, prematurity, and other relevant pathologies of pregnancy.
64:10272 Auger, J. Evolution of
human male fecundity during the last 20 years. [Evolution de la
fertilité de l'homme au cours des 20 dernières
années.] Contraception--Fertilité--Sexualité, Vol.
25, No. 7-8, Jul-Aug 1997. 524-9 pp. Paris, France. In Fre. with sum.
in Eng.
This is a general review of the literature on the possible
decline in the human sperm count in recent years. "The debate on
declining sperm counts is not closed and these studies raised the
following important questions: Could the differences in
results...reflect...variation in techniques or bias in methodologies?
If these phenomena are real, why a deterioration of semen quality in
some places and not in others with so important geographical
differences of sperm production? What are the possible consequences on
human fertility and what are the causes?...Recent publications
indicated concomitant and increasing alterations of the development
and/or function of the male genital tract, various observations in the
wildlife and several experimental studies suggesting the possible
deleterious role of numerous chemical compounds present in our
environment. Therefore, prospective epidemiological studies and
fundamental research are urgently needed."
Correspondence:
J. Auger, Groupe Hospitalier Cochin-Port-Royal, Service
d'Histologie-Embryologie, Biologie de la Reproduction et CECOS, 123
boulevard de Port-Royal, 75014 Paris, France. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:10273 Guérin, J. F.; de Mouzon,
J. Age of male partner and fecundity. [Age de l`homme
et fertilité.]
Contraception--Fertilité--Sexualité, Vol. 25, No. 7-8,
Jul-Aug 1997. 515-8 pp. Paris, France. In Fre. with sum. in Eng.
Data from FIVNAT, a French program involving in vitro fertilization
(IVF), are used to analyze variations in male fecundity with age. The
data permit the analysis of some 30,000 IVF cycles for tubal sterility.
They confirm the absence of significant alterations of semen
characteristics with age. "Despite a significant decrease...of the
mean fertilization rates, the pregnancy rates remain roughly constant
for a given range of maternal age."
Correspondence: J.
F. Guérin, Laboratoire d'Histologie, Embryologie, Biologie de la
Reproduction, Faculté de Médecine, 8 avenue Rockefeller,
69373 Lyons Cedex 08, France. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
64:10274 Marsh, Margaret; Ronner,
Wanda. The empty cradle: infertility in America from
colonial times to the present. Henry E. Sigerist Series in the
History of Medicine, ISBN 0-8018-5228-5. LC 95-35525. 1996. xiii, 326
pp. Johns Hopkins University Press: Baltimore, Maryland/London,
England. In Eng.
"The mistaken idea that current infertility
rates reflect a fundamentally new phenomenon in American society, and
the equally erroneous but commonly held belief that white middle-class
couples predominate among the infertile, not only provide a distorted
image of the present but also obscure the relationships between
contemporary ways of coping with infertility and those of past
generations. This book explores those relationships, examining the ways
in which the inability to conceive a child has been experienced by
individuals, perceived by society, and treated by medical practitioners
since the colonial era. By putting into perspective the extraordinary
interest that exists today in the problem of infertility in the United
States, [the authors seek] to understand its historical significance as
a medical and cultural phenomenon."
Correspondence:
Johns Hopkins University Press, 2715 North Charles Street,
Baltimore, MD 21218-4319. Location: Princeton University
Library (FST).
64:10275 Zheng, Ye; Bonde, Jens P. E.; Ernst,
Erik; Mortensen, Jens T.; Egense, Johan. Is semen quality
related to the year of birth among Danish infertility clients?
International Journal of Epidemiology, Vol. 26, No. 6, Dec 1997.
1,289-97 pp. Oxford, England. In Eng.
"There is circumstantial
evidence that human sperm count may have declined during past decades.
The purpose of this study was to identify the association between semen
quality and year of birth....The study comprised 8,608 men consulting
four Danish medical centres from 1968 to 1992 because of
infertility....We found a birth cohort effect on sperm count and
morphology among Danish infertile men born after 1950 but not in men
born in the first part of the century. The findings are compatible with
an environmental impact during prenatal life but the evidence is far
from unequivocal."
Correspondence: J. P. E. Bonde,
University Hospital of Aarhus, Department of Occupational Medicine,
Noerrebrogade 37-39, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
Studies concerning activities, including family planning programs, that are primarily designed to influence fertility.
General aspects of fertility control, primarily those concerned with family planning and family planning programs.
64:10276 Abebe, G. M.; Yohannis, A.
Birth interval and pregnancy outcome. East African Medical
Journal, Vol. 73, No. 8, Aug 1996. 552-5 pp. Nairobi, Kenya. In Eng.
"A cross-sectional study was conducted [in Ethiopia] from
September to March 1993 at maternity ward of Jimma Hospital to assess
the pattern and determinants of birth interval and the role of
contraceptives in influencing the length of birth interval. The
information was collected by use of pre-tested questionnaire from 415
mothers by three midwives trained for this purpose. The variables
examined were: information on parity, use of contraceptive methods
during the preceding birth intervals, breast feeding and some
demographic variables such as age, marital status, education. Pregnancy
outcome variables [considered included] live births, stillbirths,
abortion and infant deaths....Based on the findings, we underscore the
importance of birth spacing...to promote safe motherhood and achieve
better child survival."
Correspondence: G. M. Abebe,
Jimma Institute of Health Sciences, P.O. Box 480, Jimma, Ethiopia.
Location: University of Minnesota Library, Minneapolis, MN.
64:10277 Arends-Kuenning, Mary.
How do family planning workers' visits affect women's contraceptive
behavior in Bangladesh? Population Council Policy Research
Division Working Paper, No. 99, 1997. 71 pp. Population Council, Policy
Research Division: New York, New York. In Eng.
"In this paper,
a theory of how family planning workers' visits in Bangladesh affect
women's contraceptive behavior is developed and tested. Visits lower
the costs of contraception and may increase demand for contraception.
If visits increase demand or if workers are targeting their visits,
past family planning workers' visits should have a positive and
significant effect on later probabilities of adopting contraceptive
methods. Based on longitudinal data collected from 1982 to 1989 by the
International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, the
results show in hazard models that past visits are not significant for
contraceptive method adoption, whereas visits in the current round are
significant. Therefore, family planning workers' visits affect women's
contraceptive behavior by decreasing the costs of contraception.
Results for contraceptive discontinuation hazard models provide further
support for this hypothesis. The results are robust to numerous tests
for bias."
Correspondence: Population Council, Policy
Research Division, One Dag Hammarskjold Plaza, New York, NY 10017.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:10278 Arends-Kuenning, Mary.
The equity and efficiency of doorstep delivery of contraceptives in
Bangladesh. Population Council Policy Research Division Working
Paper, No. 101, 1997. 73 pp. Population Council, Policy Research
Division: New York, New York. In Eng.
"Currently, the family
planning policy of Bangladesh is moving away from the use of trained
female family planning workers who deliver methods to the client's
doorstep and toward use of a traditional fixed service-delivery site.
The efficiency and equity of doorstep delivery as it operated between
1984 and 1989 are investigated using longitudinal data from the
International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh
Maternal and Child Health--Family Planning Extension Project (Rural).
The analysis examines both technical and economic efficiency. Results
suggest that the program was not technically efficient. Workers' visits
were most effective for uneducated women and for those who lived in the
less developed regions. However, workers were not assigned
disproportionately to these regions, and individual workers targeted
visits to educated women. Changing workers' incentives to target visits
to uneducated women and reallocating workers may be cost-effective ways
to improve the equity and efficiency of the
program."
Correspondence: Population Council, Policy
Research Division, One Dag Hammarskjold Plaza, New York, NY 10017.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:10279 Audinarayana, N.; Rani, R.
Shakila. Socio-economic and demographic factors
influencing the use of fertility control regulating methods in a Tamil
Nadu village. Health and Population: Perspectives and Issues, Vol.
19, No. 4, Oct-Dec 1996. 200-11 pp. New Delhi, India. In Eng. with sum.
in Hin.
"This paper examines the influence of selected
socio-economic and demographic factors influencing the use of fertility
control regulating methods among those couples who have two and three
living children [in Tamil Nadu, India]. The findings suggest that [the]
educational status of wives closely followed by husbands, the overall
socio-economic status (index) and age at marriage of wives have
significant influence on the use of contraceptive methods. The
socio-economic factors, except occupational status of wives, have
significantly, at various levels, supported the expected phenomena only
among those couples who have two living children while the demographic
factors played a major role among those who had three living
children."
Correspondence: N. Audinarayana, Bharathiar
University, Department of Population Studies, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu
641 046, India. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:10280 Bocquet-Appel, Jean-Pierre; Jakobi,
Lucienne. The spatial diffusion of contraception in Great
Britain and the origins of the fertility transition. [Diffusion
spatiale de la contraception en Grande-Bretagne, à l'origine de
la transition.] Population, Vol. 52, No. 4, Jul-Aug 1997. 977-1,003 pp.
Paris, France. In Fre. with sum. in Eng; Spa.
"Contraception
can be diffused according to several modes: vertical (social),
horizontal (geographically) or both (oblique). Most authors subscribing
to a view of a diffusion at the start of the European fertility
transition use the term in the sense of a vertical diffusion. This
article reexamines the nature of the diffusion, by testing the
hypothesis of a horizontal diffusion at the onset of the transition.
The data used are the rate of variation in the Ig fertility index and 8
socio-demographic variables representing secularization, illiteracy and
social scale in 78 counties of Great Britain in the periods 1861-1871,
1871-1881, 1881-1891, 1891-1901....It is shown that only a process of
geographical diffusion can generate such a representation with a
diffusion velocity of 14.6, 26.1, 42.4 and 34.9 km/year for each
period."
Correspondence: J.-P. Bocquet-Appel, UMR 152,
Musée de l'Homme, 17 place du Trocadéro, 75116 Paris,
France. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:10281 Chen, Charles H. C.; Jiang, Zhenghua;
Chen, Sheng-Li; Wang, Qian. Contraceptive prevalence in
China: findings from the 1992 National Family Planning Survey. In:
1992 National Fertility and Family Planning Survey, China: selected
research papers in English. Oct 1997. 27-48 pp. State Family Planning
Commission of China: Beijing, China; U.S. Centers for Disease Control
and Prevention [CDC]: Atlanta, Georgia. In Eng.
The authors analyze
data from China's 1992 National Family Planning Survey. "We will
describe trends in contraceptive prevalence in China for the past
decade....We report the socio-demographic, ethnic, and geographic
differences in current contraceptive prevalence for all ever-married
women....We examine the current status of contraceptive practice and
specific method used by women with no children, one child, and two or
more children, respectively, and the ratio of female to male
sterilizations....We [then] discuss policy implications associated with
findings from the data analysis."
Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
64:10282 Chhabra, Rami. Women's
status and reproductive health in the context of Indian family planning
programme: a review and recommendations for the future. In:
Population policy and reproductive health, edited by K. Srinivasan.
1996. 267-75 pp. Hindustan Publishing Corporation: New Delhi, India. In
Eng.
The author discusses ways to improve India's national family
planning program in the context of a growing concern with reproductive
health issues. Aspects considered include sexual health and rights;
foreign aid and program autonomy; women's status; meeting the need for
family planning; inequalities among states; and sexually transmitted
diseases and reproductive health.
Correspondence: R.
Chhabra, B-5/19 Safdarjung Enclave, New Delhi 110 029, India.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:10283 Curtis, Siân L.; Blanc, Ann
K. Determinants of contraceptive failure, switching, and
discontinuation: an analysis of DHS contraceptive histories. DHS
Analytical Report, No. 6, Oct 1997. viii, 50 pp. Macro International,
Demographic and Health Surveys [DHS]: Calverton, Maryland. In Eng.
"The purpose of this report is to examine contraceptive
discontinuation in six developing countries that conducted DHS surveys
between 1991 and 1995--Bangladesh, Colombia, Egypt, Indonesia, Peru,
and Zimbabwe. Four types of discontinuation are examined: failure,
switching, and abandonment of use subdivided into users who are not `in
need' of contraception following discontinuation of a method and those
who remain `in need'....Analyses are based on monthly contraceptive
histories collected from all survey respondents. Following an
assessment of data quality, both life table and multivariate
statistical techniques are used in the analysis....Multivariate
analyses reveal that the method chosen by women is strongly associated
with the likelihood of each of the four types of discontinuation
examined in all six populations."
Correspondence:
Macro International, Demographic and Health Surveys, 11785
Beltsville Drive, Calverton, MD 20705-3119. E-mail:
reports@macroint.com. Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
64:10284 Davidson, Andrew R.; Kalmuss, Debra;
Cushman, Linda F.; Romero, Diana; Heartwell, Stephen; Rulin,
Marvin. Injectable contraceptive discontinuation and
subsequent unintended pregnancy among low-income women. American
Journal of Public Health, Vol. 878, No. 9, Sep 1997. 1,532-4 pp.
Washington, D.C. In Eng.
"This study investigated rates of
discontinuation of the recently introduced injectable contraceptive
depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA) and postdiscontinuation rates
of unprotected intercourse and unintended pregnancy [using data for] a
sample of 402 low-income, urban, minority [U.S.] women....The 12-month
life-table discontinuation rate was 58%, with half of the discontinuers
stopping after only one injection. Menstrual changes and other side
effects were the most frequently cited reasons for discontinuation.
Approximately half of the discontinuers at risk for unintended
pregnancy either did not make the transition to another contraceptive
or used contraception only sporadically. The cumulative unintended
pregnancy rate by 9 months postdiscontinuation was
20%."
Correspondence: A. R. Davidson, Columbia
University, Center for Population and Family Health, 60 Haven Avenue
B-2, New York, NY 10032. Location: Princeton University
Library (SZ).
64:10285 Fisher, Andrew A.; Prihartono, Joedo;
Tuladhar, Jayanti; Hoesni, R. Hasan M. An assessment of
Norplant removal in Indonesia. Studies in Family Planning, Vol.
28, No. 4, Dec 1997. 308-16 pp. New York, New York. In Eng.
"This study of 2,979 Indonesian women in 14 provinces, all of
whom had had Norplant inserted five or more years before they were
interviewed, reveals that 66 percent had obtained removal by the end of
the fifth year of use and 90 percent had done so by the end of the
sixth year of use. The data from this study strongly suggest that no
large backlog of removal cases exists, particularly after the sixth
year of use. The major reason for the underreporting of removals is
probably clients' use of nurse/midwives, of caregivers in the private
sector, and of mass safari camps, because records from each of these
sources are poor or nonexistent."
Correspondence: A.
A. Fisher, Population Council, HIV/AIDS Horizons Project, 4201
Connecticut Avenue NW, Suite 408, Washington, D.C. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:10286 Goodkind, Daniel; Anh, Phan
Thuc. Reasons for rising condom use in Vietnam.
International Family Planning Perspectives, Vol. 23, No. 4, Dec 1997.
173-8 pp. New York, New York. In Eng. with sum. in Fre; Spa.
"This article attempts to fill the gap in knowledge about
condom use in Vietnam. We begin by summarizing the history and general
goals of Vietnam's national family planning program. Then we identify
and discuss six factors that have contributed to a recent rise in
condom use and that will likely increase the future demand for condoms
in Vietnam faster than that for other methods. Finally, we estimate
levels of current condom use for family planning within marriage, and
both potential and actual demand for condom use to prevent pregnancy
and STDs outside of marriage."
Correspondence: D.
Goodkind, University of Michigan, Population Studies Center, 1225 South
University Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI 48104-2590. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:10287 Hemminki, Elina; Rasimus, Anja;
Forssas, Erja. Sterilization in Finland: from eugenics to
contraception. Social Science and Medicine, Vol. 45, No. 12, Dec
1997. 1,875-84 pp. Oxford, England. In Eng.
The transition of
sexual sterilization in Finland from a eugenic tool to a contraceptive
method over the course of the twentieth century is described. Data are
primarily from a nationwide survey carried out in 1994. The authors
note that sterilization in Finland has been predominately female, and
that by 1994, about nine percent of Finnish women reported
sterilization as their current method of
contraception.
Correspondence: E. Hemminki, National
Research and Development Centre for Welfare and Health, Health Services
Research Unit, P.O. Box 220, 00531 Helsinki, Finland. E-mail:
elina.hemminki@stakes.fi. Location: Princeton University
Library (PR).
64:10288 Kamau, R. K.; Karanja, J.;
Sekadde-Kigondu, C.; Ruminjo, J. K.; Nichols, D.; Liku, J.
Barriers to contraceptive use in Kenya. East African Medical
Journal, Vol. 73, No. 10, Oct 1996. 651-9 pp. Nairobi, Kenya. In Eng.
"This study was designed to identify and to better understand
the barriers to contraceptive use among Kenyan couples....Some
important barriers to contraceptive use were identified in couples
wishing to space or limit further births. Those barriers included lack
of agreement on contraceptive use and on reproductive intentions;
husband's attitude on his role as a decision maker; perceived
undesirable side effects...; negative traditional practices and desires
such as naming relatives; and preference for sons as security in old
age. There were also gaps in knowledge on contraceptive methods, fears,
rumours and misconceptions about specific methods and unavailability or
poor quality of services in the areas
studied."
Correspondence: C. Sekadde-Kigondu,
University of Nairobi, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, P.O.
Box 19676, Nairobi, Kenya. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
64:10289 Kasenda, Margareth; Calzavara,
Liviana M.; Johnson, Ian; LeBlanc, Michael. Correlates of
condom use in the young adult population in Ontario. Canadian
Journal of Public Health/Revue Canadienne de Santé Publique,
Vol. 88, No. 4, Jul-Aug 1997. 280-5 pp. Ottawa, Canada. In Eng. with
sum. in Fre.
"Data from the Ontario Health Survey were used to
identify sociodemographic, lifestyle and sexual history characteristics
associated with the use of condoms for protection against sexually
transmitted diseases (STDs) in randomly selected adults between the
ages of 16 and 44 years who had had two or more sexual partners in the
12 months before the survey (n=2,699)....Forty-two percent reported not
having used condoms for protection against STDs. Those most likely to
use condoms were 16 to 24 years of age, males, students,
non-binge-drinkers, urban residents, and those at higher risk for
HIV/AIDS. Of those who used condoms, 68% did not use them
consistently....Age, gender, occupational activity, and
non-binge-drinking were common correlates of both condom use and
consistent use."
Correspondence: L. M. Calzavara,
University of Toronto, HIV Social Behavioural and Epidemiological
Studies Unit, 12 Queen's Park Crescent, 3rd Floor, Toronto, Ontario M5S
1A8, Canada. E-mail: liviana.calzavara@utoronto.ca. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:10290 Kaufman, Carol E.
Reproductive control in South Africa. Population Council
Policy Research Division Working Paper, No. 97, 1997. 53 pp. Population
Council, Policy Research Division: New York, New York. In Eng.
"The controversial state-sponsored family planning program
officially began in South Africa in 1974. Although the government did
not implement the program on a racial basis, the program was widely
believed to be linked with white fears of growing black numbers, and
was attacked by detractors as a program of social and political
control. In spite of the hostile environment, black women's use of
services steadily increased. Using historical and anthropological
evidence, this paper delineates the links between the social and
political context of racial domination and individual fertility
behavior."
Correspondence: Population Council, Policy
Research Division, One Dag Hammarskjold Plaza, New York, NY 10017.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:10291 Koenig, Michael A.; Hossain, Mian B.;
Whittaker, Maxine. The influence of quality of care upon
contraceptive use in rural Bangladesh. Studies in Family Planning,
Vol. 28, No. 4, Dec 1997. 278-89 pp. New York, New York. In Eng.
"The present study, based upon an analysis of prospective data
from a sample of 7,800 reproductive-aged rural Bangladeshi women,
provides empirical evidence on the importance of quality of care for
contraceptive practice. The results demonstrate that the perceptions of
women regarding the quality of field-worker care were significantly
related to the probability of subsequent adoption of a family planning
method. Women who were not using a method and who scored high on an
index of perceived quality of care were 27 percent more likely to adopt
a method subsequently, compared with women with a low score. Effects
were even more pronounced for contraceptive continuation; high quality
of care was associated with a 72 percent greater likelihood of
continued use of any method of
contraception."
Correspondence: M. A. Koenig, Ford
Foundation, 55 Lodi Estate, New Delhi 110 003, India. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:10292 Lacey, Linda; Adeyemi, Victoria;
Adewuyi, Alfred. A tool for monitoring the performance of
family planning programs in the public and private sectors: an
application in Nigeria. International Family Planning
Perspectives, Vol. 23, No. 4, Dec 1997. 162-7 pp. New York, New York.
In Eng. with sum. in Fre; Spa.
"A one-page family planning
questionnaire developed by Nigeria's Federal Office of Statistics can
be attached to nationally representative surveys that are routinely
conducted to monitor development activities. The module collects data
on household composition, source of family planning information,
current use of family planning methods and the source of services and
supplies. A comparison of data from two of these family planning
modules, fielded in December 1992 and December 1993, with results from
two earlier national surveys reveals that modern method use among women
aged 15-49 went from 4% in 1990 to 9% in 1992, and then rose to 11% in
1993. Such a tool allows program managers to document the expansion of
family planning practice between infrequently conducted national
fertility surveys."
Correspondence: L. Lacey,
University of North Carolina, Carolina Population Center, University
Square, CB 8120, 124 East Franklin Street, Chapel Hill, NC 27516-3997.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:10293 Liu, Yunrong; Liu, Yan.
Non-use of contraception among Chinese women. In: 1992
National Fertility and Family Planning Survey, China: selected research
papers in English. Oct 1997. 49-57 pp. State Family Planning Commission
of China: Beijing, China; U.S. Centers for Disease Control and
Prevention [CDC]: Atlanta, Georgia. In Eng.
The authors report on
nonuse of contraception among Chinese women. "We first examine
variations in nonuse among the country's 30 provinces and
municipalities. Then we consider the influence of age, number of living
children, and education on women in rural areas and those in urban
areas. We also consider the relationship between access to various
public services and nonuse by women in rural areas. Finally, we discuss
the implications of some of the findings."
Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:10294 Mavalankar, Dileep V.
Current problems of family welfare programme: administration and
principles and techniques of management applicable to family welfare
and reproductive health programmes. In: Population policy and
reproductive health, edited by K. Srinivasan. 1996. 286-304 pp.
Hindustan Publishing Corporation: New Delhi, India. In Eng.
"This paper analyzes some of the administrative and managerial
issues confronting [India's] national family welfare programme and
suggests possible management principles and techniques which may be
applied to improve the programme's efficiency and effectiveness....The
paper is based on our understanding of the programme obtained from
various studies we have done, which were mainly in Gujarat, and reading
of studies done all over the country. We have also incorporated
insights obtained from our discussions with other researchers,
programme managers and review of secondary sources of information on
the Indian family welfare programme."
Correspondence:
D. V. Mavalankar, Indian Institute of Management, Public Systems
Group, Vastrapur, Ahmedabad 380 015, India. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:10295 Meekers, Dominique; Ahmed,
Ghyasuddin; Molatlhegi, M. Tinah. Understanding
constraints to adolescent condom procurement: the case of urban
Botswana. PSI Research Division Working Paper, No. 12, 1997. 19
pp. Population Services International, Research Division: Washington,
D.C. In Eng.
"This paper analyzes survey data in conjunction
with information from focus group discussions on issues related to
condom use [among]...adolescents in urban Botswana. The survey data
show that condom use is high....The findings from the focus group data
confirm that many adolescents, particularly females, are shy to obtain
condoms....The results of this study indicate that program managers can
further improve adolescents' access to condoms by engaging in efforts
to destigmatize condoms, implementing programs geared at improving
interaction between service providers and adolescents, especially in
the public sector, and by increased marketing of affordable condoms
through the private sector."
Correspondence:
Population Services International, Research Division, 1120
Nineteenth Street NW, Suite 600, Washington, D.C. 20036. E-mail:
generalinfo@psiwash.org. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
64:10296 Milne, Robin G.; Wright, Robert
E. The decline of fertility in Malta: the role of family
planning. European Journal of Population/Revue Européenne
de Démographie, Vol. 13, No. 2, Jun 1997. 147-67 pp. Dordrecht,
Netherlands. In Eng. with sum. in Fre.
"This paper examines
the role that family planning played in the decline of fertility in
Malta. In 1993 the authors carried out a survey of family planning,
similar to one carried out by one [of] the authors in 1971. The
analysis of these two surveys suggests that the practice of family
planning has not increased significantly in this period. However, there
has been a sharp change in the type of method used. More specifically,
there has been a shift away from traditional methods (such as coitus
interruptus) to more efficient methods (such as the contraceptive
pill)....The main aim of the empirical analysis is to establish what
characteristics are associated with the use of efficient methods of
contraception."
Correspondence: R. G. Milne,
University of Glasgow, Department of Political Economy, Adam Smith
Building, Glasgow G12 8RT, Scotland. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
64:10297 Oakley, Deborah; Potter, Linda; de
Leon-Wong, Emelita; Visness, Cynthia. Oral contraceptive
use and protective behavior after missed pills. Family Planning
Perspectives, Vol. 29, No. 6, Nov-Dec 1997. 277-9, 287 pp. New York,
New York. In Eng.
"A three-month prospective study of 103
[U.S.] women initiating oral contraceptive use examined how
consistently the women took their pills and whether those who missed
pills employed other means to avoid pregnancy. The results showed that
52% took each active pill or never missed more than one pill at a time
after the first week of the initial cycle....Another 21% were protected
by behaviors that reduce the risk of pregnancy when two or more
consecutive pills have been missed: avoiding coitus for the next seven
days (18%) or using backup contraception during that period (3%). The
remaining 27% were at increased risk of pregnancy. Predictors of
increased risk were receiving low partner support for effective pill
use, being unmarried and not considering it especially important to
avoid pregnancy."
Correspondence: D. Oakley,
University of Michigan, School of Nursing, Center for Nursing Research,
Ann Arbor, MI 48109. Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
64:10298 Oddens, B. J.; Lehert, P.
Determinants of contraceptive use among women of reproductive age
in Great Britain and Germany I: demographic factors. Journal of
Biosocial Science, Vol. 29, No. 4, Oct 1997. 415-35 pp. Cambridge,
England. In Eng.
"Multifactorial analyses of data from
representative British and German national contraception surveys were
used to examine the principal demographic determinants of contraceptive
use by women. Contraceptive use appeared to be determined mainly by
reference to `reproductive status' (the combined impact of age, marital
status, parity and future child wish)....Differences between the
countries suggested that the choice of contraceptive method was
influenced by health care policy, the organisation of the relevant
services and differential provider preferences. The contraceptive
method used was also related to having occasional rather than steady
sexual partners (more condom use), lower educational level (less oral
contraceptive use) and frequent church attendance (greater use of
condoms and periodic abstinence)."
Correspondence: B.
J. Oddens, International Health Foundation, 8 avenue Don Bosco, 1150
Brussels, Belgium. Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
64:10299 Oddens, B. J.
Determinants of contraceptive use among women of reproductive age
in Great Britain and Germany II: psychological factors. Journal of
Biosocial Science, Vol. 29, No. 4, Oct 1997. 437-70 pp. Cambridge,
England. In Eng.
"Psychological determinants of contraceptive
use were investigated in Great Britain and Germany, using national data
obtained in 1992. It was hypothesised that current contraceptive use
among sexually active, fertile women aged 15-45 was related to their
attitude towards the various contraceptive methods, social influences,
perceptions of being able to use a method correctly and consistently, a
correct estimation of fertility, and communication with their partner.
Effects of age and country were also taken into
account....Contraceptive choice appears to be determined more by a
general like or dislike of medical methods rather than on a weighing of
the merits of individual available
methods."
Correspondence: B. J. Oddens, International
Health Foundation, 8 avenue Don Bosco, 1150 Brussels, Belgium.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:10300 Odimegwu, Clifford O.; Ojo, Modupe;
Siyagande, Adegoke. Regional correlates of choice of
contraceptive methods in Nigeria. Korea Journal of Population and
Development, Vol. 26, No. 1, Jul 1997. 130-45 pp. Seoul, Korea,
Republic of. In Eng.
"The study described here is an attempt
to examine the effects of factors that may play roles in determining
contraceptive use and method choice in Nigeria....The specific
objectives of this paper are: (1) To determine the prevalence and
pattern of use of modern and traditional methods of contraception; (2)
To identify correlates of method choice and determine how these differ
for traditional versus modern methods used across three Nigerian
regions....This analysis shows that the educational attainment of
respondents is a major factor in the use of family planning methods and
in the type of method use [and that] educated groups are more likely to
use modern contraceptives instead of traditional
methods."
Correspondence: C. O. Odimegwu, Obafemi
Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
64:10301 Ozcan, F. Family
planning in Isparta, Turkey. Journal of Biosocial Science, Vol.
29, No. 4, Oct 1997. 509-10 pp. Cambridge, England. In Eng.
"Family planning practices were reported by 491 married women,
aged 15-49, who applied to the Family Planning Centre in Isparta,
Turkey. Eighty-four percent of the women used contraception, the IUD
being used most frequently. Almost half of the women married before age
18 years."
Correspondence: F. Ozcan, Celal Bayar
University, Manisa, Turkey. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
64:10302 Panzer, Richard A.
Condom Nation: blind faith, bad science. ISBN 1-888933-02-X.
LC 96-084281. 1997. viii, 160 pp. Center for Educational Media:
Westwood, New Jersey. In Eng.
This is an attack on what the author
feels is the prevalent philosophy in the contemporary United States
concerning unwanted fertility and AIDS: that promotion of condom use is
a primary solution to these problems. He makes the case that sexual
abstinence is a more appropriate, practical solution for young
Americans.
Correspondence: Center for Educational Media,
P.O. Box 97, Westwood, NJ 07675. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
64:10303 Reinecke, Jost; Schmidt, Peter;
Ajzen, Icek. Birth control versus AIDS prevention: a
hierarchical model of condom use among young people. Journal of
Applied Social Psychology, Vol. 27, No. 9, May 1, 1997. 743-59 pp.
Columbia, Maryland. In Eng.
"The authors report the results of
a nationwide survey of young people in Germany which applied the theory
of planned behavior (Ajzen, 1985, 1991) to condom use for purposes of
birth control and with new sexual partners (to prevent AIDS). A
hierarchical model, in which the 2 functions of condom use were treated
as separate 2nd-order factors, was found to be superior to a
single-factor model. The hierarchical model also provided evidence for
the convergence and discriminant validities of indicators used to
assess the constructs in the theory of planned behavior. Attitudes,
subjective norms, and perceptions of behavioral control all made
significant contributions to the predictions of intentions....Perceived
behavioral control carried most of the weight in the former prediction,
while attitudes carried most of the weight in the latter. Implications
of these findings are discussed."
Correspondence: J.
Reinecke, Universität Münster, Institut für
Soziologie/Sozialpädagogik, Scharnhorststraße 121, 48151
Münster, Germany. E-mail: reineck@uni-muenster.de. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:10304 Riddle, John M. Eve's
herbs: a history of contraception and abortion in the West. ISBN
0-674-27024-X. LC 96-40383. 1997. 341 pp. Harvard University Press:
Cambridge, Massachusetts/London, England. In Eng.
The author first
describes the substances, mostly herbs, used by women in historical
times to control reproduction. The focus of the book is on how and why
this knowledge on birth control was lost, the geographical focus being
on the Western world. "From the medieval Inquisition I traced back
the knowledge given in testimony by two alleged heretics before the
church tribunal in the early fourteenth century. In Chapters 2 and 3 I
discuss some of the herbs that were available to ancient and medieval
people and review the attitudes, practices, and laws about reproductive
control....Chapter 4 begins with the early modern period, when the
craft of women was tragically misunderstood as witchcraft. The
succeeding chapters unfold chronologically from early modern times to
the twentieth century. In these chapters I tell how ancient craft
information about herbs still lingered in modern
times."
Correspondence: Harvard University Press, 79
Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
64:10305 Ross, John; Heaton, Laura.
Intended contraceptive use among women without an unmet need.
International Family Planning Perspectives, Vol. 23, No. 4, Dec 1997.
148-54 pp. New York, New York. In Eng. with sum. in Fre; Spa.
"Demographic and Health Survey data from 25 countries show
that in 15 countries, those without an unmet need who intend to
practice contraception outnumber women with an unmet need who do not
intend to do so; in Colombia and Zimbabwe, for example, they are four
times as numerous. Among women who intend to use a method, those who
have an unmet need for contraception to space the next birth are
similar to those without an apparent unmet need in age and family size,
and they have a similar record of past contraceptive use; however,
those without an unmet need are more likely to be pregnant (34% vs.
28%) and to say they wish to defer use for at least one year (34% vs.
23%). Women with no unmet need who plan to use a method are also
generally similar to current users in family size, though they are a
little younger and are considerably more likely to have had a recent
birth."
Correspondence: J. Ross, Futures Group
International, 80 Glastonbury Boulevard, Glastonbury, CT 06033.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:10306 Rutenberg, Naomi; Watkins, Susan
C. The buzz outside the clinics: conversations and
contraception in Nyanza Province, Kenya. Studies in Family
Planning, Vol. 28, No. 4, Dec 1997. 290-307 pp. New York, New York. In
Eng.
"When women talk with each other about family planning
outside the clinic, are they really only spreading myths and rumors? If
nurses give good information about family planning, why do women go and
talk with other women? Why would a woman instructed by a nurse at a
workshop want to talk to the workshop cleaner as well? To answer these
questions, findings are used from a household survey and in-depth
interviews that examine the role of informal social interaction in
influencing the use of contraceptives in rural Kenya. The women in the
study area are found to be ambivalent about family planning, and they
supplement providers' instructions with the experiences of women whose
bodies and circumstances are similar to their own."
This paper
was originally presented at the 1996 Annual Meeting of the Population
Association of America.
Correspondence: N. Rutenberg,
Population Council, East and Southern Africa Regional Office, P.O. Box
17643, Multichoice Towers, Nairobi, Kenya. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
64:10307 Santelli, John S.; Warren, Charles
W.; Lowry, Richard; Sogolow, Ellen; Collins, Janet; Kann, Laura;
Kaufmann, Rachel B.; Celentano, David D. The use of
condoms with other contraceptive methods among young men and
women. Family Planning Perspectives, Vol. 29, No. 6, Nov-Dec 1997.
261-7 pp. New York, New York. In Eng.
"In a nationally
representative sample of sexually experienced [U.S.] youths aged 14-22,
37% of young women and 52% of young men said the condom was the primary
method used to prevent pregnancy at last intercourse....Condom use at
last intercourse was reported by 25% of young men whose partner was
using the pill. Significant independent predictors of condom use with
the pill among men included younger age, black race, engaging in fewer
nonsexual risk behaviors and having received instruction about HIV in
school. Among young women, 21% of those relying on the pill reported
also using a condom at last intercourse. For women, independent
predictors of dual use included younger age, black race, older age at
first sex, fewer nonsexual risk behaviors, having no partners in the
previous three months and having talked to parents or other adult
relatives about HIV."
Correspondence: J. S. Santelli,
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, Atlanta,
GA 30333. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:10308 Scavone, Lucila; Bretin,
Hélène; Thébaud-Mony, Annie.
Contraception, population control, and social inequalities: a
comparative analysis of France and Brazil.
[Contracepção, controle demográfico e
desigualdades sociais: análise comparativa franco-brasileira.]
Vol. 2, No. 2, 1994. 357-72, 533 pp. Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. In Por.
with sum. in Eng; Fre.
"This article discusses how
contraceptives are prescribed and used in France and Brazil, comparing
statistical data based on the hypothesis that women's command over
their fertility is proportional to the society's respective level of
development. The comparative figures show striking social and sexual
inequalities for the two countries."
Location:
Princeton University Library (PR).
64:10309 Trussell, James; Koenig, Jacqueline;
Stewart, Felicia; Darroch, Jacqueline E. Medical care cost
savings from adolescent contraceptive use. Family Planning
Perspectives, Vol. 29, No. 6, Nov-Dec 1997. 248-55, 295 pp. New York,
New York. In Eng.
"An analysis of the economic benefits of
adolescent contraceptive use utilizes information from a national
private payer database and from the California Medicaid program to
compare private- and public-sector costs and savings. The study
estimates the costs of acquiring and using 11 contraceptive methods
appropriate for adolescents, treating associated side effects,
providing medical care related to an unintended pregnancy during method
use and treating sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) and compares them
with the costs of using no method. The average annual cost per
adolescent at risk of unintended pregnancy who uses no method is $1,267
($1,079 for unintended pregnancy and $188 for STDs) in the private
sector and $677 ($541 for unintended pregnancy and $137 for STDs) in
the public sector under the most conservative
assumptions."
Correspondence: J. Trussell, Princeton
University, Office of Population Research, 21 Prospect Avenue,
Princeton, NJ 08544-2091. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
64:10310 Zeidenstein, Sondra; Moore,
Kirsten. Learning about sexuality: a practical
beginning. ISBN 0-878-34085-8. LC 95-40084. 1996. xii, 404 pp.
Population Council: New York, New York; International Women's Health
Coalition [IWHC]: New York, New York. In Eng.
This book contains a
selection of papers by various authors on family planning and
reproductive health programs that consider sexuality, gender roles, and
power in designing and providing services. "The chapters in this
book deal with boys, girls, men, and women; with the difficulties of
researchers; with participatory approaches to learning; with the
importance of understanding sexuality for family planning programs;
with training; with research; with the darker side of sexuality and
power; and with the attempts by people themselves to articulate their
own understandings and concerns. It brings experience from a wide
variety of cultures. Throughout, it outlines areas of human interest
that, so far, we have failed to relate to in a programmatic
way."
Correspondence: Population Council, One Dag
Hammarskjold Plaza, New York, NY 10017. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
Selected studies on the medical aspects of fertility control methods, including studies on side effects and use-effectiveness.
Studies evaluating either the demographic impact or other criteria of effectiveness of family planning programs.
64:10311 Akin, John S.; Rous, Jeffrey
J. Effect of provider characteristics on choice of
contraceptive provider: a two-equation full-information
maximum-likelihood estimation. Demography, Vol. 34, No. 4, Nov
1997. 513-23 pp. Silver Spring, Maryland. In Eng.
"We use
surveys of households and health-care facilities conducted in the same
area at the same time to determine which characteristics of providers
attract users of contraceptives. By using the full-information
maximum-likelihood technique to jointly estimate choice of
contraceptive method and choice of provider, we avoid self-selection
bias. Results support the need for modeling quality and for jointly
estimating the choice of contraceptive method and the choice of
provider to avoid biased estimates of coefficients. The results suggest
that for the Cebu, Philippines region, small local clinics that focus
on family planning tend to be most favored by
clients."
Correspondence: J. S. Akin, University of
North Carolina, Department of Economics, Campus Box 3305, Chapel Hill,
NC 27599. E-mail: john_akin@unc.edu. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
64:10312 Gupta, Y. P.; Talwar, P. P.
Family planning programme in seven most populous developing
countries--a comparison. Demography India, Vol. 26, No. 1, Jan-Jun
1997. 139-48 pp. Delhi, India. In Eng.
"This paper is an
attempt to discuss and compare the emphasis laid on different
components of the [family planning] programmes of less developed
countries and relate them with the overall achievement....This paper
uses socio-economic background, demographic profile, family planning
programme achievements and family planning programme characteristics
for...seven countries to analyse their achievements and the factors
which might be partly responsible...." The countries concerned are
China, India, Indonesia, Brazil, Pakistan, Bangladesh, and
Nigeria.
Correspondence: Y. P. Gupta, CARE India, B-28
Greater Kailash-1, New Delhi 110 048, India. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:10313 Jiang, Zhenghua. Recent
developments in the family planning program in China. In: 1992
National Fertility and Family Planning Survey, China: selected research
papers in English. Oct 1997. 7-11 pp. State Family Planning Commission
of China: Beijing, China; U.S. Centers for Disease Control and
Prevention [CDC]: Atlanta, Georgia. In Eng.
The author briefly
outlines recent changes in China's national family planning program.
"The success of China's family planning program is due primarily
to the efforts to educate the public and provide couples of
child-bearing age with a range of services, including contraceptive
devices that incorporate current scientific and technological
thinking."
Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
64:10314 Kamaara, Eunice. Some
constraints to family planning programmes in Kenyan urban centres.
Journal of Eastern African Research and Development, Vol. 25, 1995.
64-75 pp. Nairobi, Kenya. In Eng.
"This study examines the
complex and multiple factors affecting the attitude and practice of
family planning in Kenyan urban centres....Currently [Kenya] has one of
the highest rates of expenditure on family planning programmes. In
spite of this, the country has the lowest percentage of women of
reproductive age (15-49 years) using any type of contraceptives.
Moreover [it] has one of the highest rates of fertility, and
contraceptive use has remained unchanged for the last three decades in
spite of long-standing family planning programmes....It is hypothesized
that there are certain socio-cultural, religious and political factors
that inhibit the success of family planning programmes in Kenyan urban
centres. This paper examines these."
Correspondence:
E. Kamaara, Moi University, Department of Religion, P.O. Box 3900,
Eldoret, Kenya. Location: Princeton University Library (PR).
64:10315 Khuda, Barkat; Stoeckel, John;
Piet-Pelon, Nancy. Bangladesh family planning programme:
lessons learned and directions for the future. ICDDR, B Monograph,
No. 6, ISBN 984-551-091-4. Apr 1997. xv, 80 pp. International Centre
for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh [ICDDR, B]: Dhaka,
Bangladesh. In Eng.
The authors examine what has been learned
during the development of a national family planning program in
Bangladesh. "The specific objectives of the review are to identify
the lessons learned regarding each programme component: what worked,
what did not work, and why; and to provide recommendations for
improvement based upon the lessons learned. Since the urban programme
presents a special challenge, the review highlights urban concerns
separately." There are chapters on service delivery;
administration; planning; training; information, education, and
communication; monitoring and supervision; logistics and supplies; and
the urban MCH-FP program.
Correspondence: International
Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, G.P.O. Box 128,
Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh. Author's E-mail: barkat@cholera.bangla.net.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:10316 Khuda, Barkat; Kane, Thomas T.;
Phillips, James F. Improving the Bangladesh Health and
Family Planning Programme: lessons learned through operations
research. ICDDR, B Monograph, No. 5, ISBN 984-551-090-6. Apr 1997.
xix, 169 pp. International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research,
Bangladesh [ICDDR, B]: Dhaka, Bangladesh. In Eng.
The purpose of
this report is to document the lessons learned from the various
interventions and technical assistance provided to the Maternal and
Child Health and Family Planning (MCH-FP) Extension Project (Rural)
carried out in Bangladesh since 1982. There are chapters on developing
doorstep services, developing fixed service sites, improving management
support services, achieving sustainability of health and family
planning services, demographic change, policy impact of the project,
and visions for the future.
Correspondence: International
Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, G.P.O. Box 128,
Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh. Author's E-mail: barkat@cholera.bangla.net.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:10317 Mishra, Adarsh. Current
policies and programmes in family planning and reproductive health and
future trainings. In: Population policy and reproductive health,
edited by K. Srinivasan. 1996. 220-35 pp. Hindustan Publishing
Corporation: New Delhi, India. In Eng.
The author evaluates current
family planning and reproductive health programs in India, with a focus
on regional accomplishments and means of improving program
effectiveness. Aspects considered include specific interventions for
different types of states; ways of monitoring performance; involvement
of NGOs and voluntary agencies; and suggestions for the development of
projects at the state level.
Correspondence: A. Mishra,
Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, New Delhi 110 011, India.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:10318 Naré, Christine; Katz, Karen;
Tolley, Elizabeth. Adolescents' access to reproductive
health and family planning services in Dakar (Senegal). African
Journal of Reproductive Health, Vol. 1, No. 2, Sep 1997. 15-25 pp.
Benin City, Nigeria. In Eng. with sum. in Fre.
"This paper
analyses the issue of adolescents' access to family planning services
and information on reproductive health [in Dakar, Senegal]....The
findings present information on adolescents' perceptions of premarital
sexual activity and contraceptive use and the different types of
barriers to access to family planning....The results indicate that
adolescents did not approve of premarital sexual relations, were less
likely to approve of contraceptive use by adolescents than by married
men and women, and felt embarrassed to go to the services. They were
also disappointed by the providers' reception and response to their
needs....The discussion of the findings related adolescents' and
providers' attitudes to the socio-cultural context in which adolescent
sexuality takes place."
Correspondence: C.
Naré, Harvard University, Center for Population and Development
Studies, 9 Bow Street, Cambridge, MA 02138. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:10319 Schoen, Johanna.
Fighting for child health: race, birth control, and the state in
the Jim Crow South. Social Politics, Vol. 4, No. 1, Spring 1997.
90-113 pp. Oxford, England. In Eng.
The author discusses North
Carolina's state-run birth control program, which was established in
1937 and was the first such program in the United States. "Some
have held that birth control programs were motivated by racism and a
defense of class distinctions. Others have argued that the vulnerable
position of black and poor white patients resulted in their
exploitation as research subjects. Analyses of these public health
efforts assume that the birth control program worked to the detriment
of black and poor white interests. A closer examination of North
Carolina's birth control program reveals, however, that black health
and social work professionals as well as black and poor white clients
welcomed the services, participated in them, and helped shape the
contraceptive programs offered by the
state."
Correspondence: J. Schoen, University of
Akron, Akron, OH 44325. Location: Princeton University Library
(PR).
64:10320 Simon, Helen H. A review
of national family welfare programme. In: Population policy and
reproductive health, edited by K. Srinivasan. 1996. 203-19 pp.
Hindustan Publishing Corporation: New Delhi, India. In Eng.
The
author briefly reviews the goals and demographic effectiveness of
India's national family planning program, which was instituted in 1951.
Tabular data are included on birth, death, and growth rates; literacy;
regional growth rates; urban growth; and high and low birth and death
rates throughout the country.
Correspondence: H. H. Simon,
National Institute of Health and Family Welfare, New Mehrauli Road, New
Delhi 110 067, India. Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
64:10321 Swaminathan, M. S.; Gulati, Anuja;
Rao, Prabhakar; Ravichandran, R. Population programmes in
the context of democratic decentralization: allocation of
responsibilities and resources to Panchayats and Nagarpalikas. In:
Population policy and reproductive health, edited by K. Srinivasan.
1996. 181-6 pp. Hindustan Publishing Corporation: New Delhi, India. In
Eng.
The authors explore reasons for the marginal success of
India's national family planning program, with a focus on the need for
a disaggregated approach to program implementation. "The emergence
of grass-roots democratic structures would provide a unique opportunity
to give the population programme an area specific focus....The
preparation of Socio-Demographic Charters [is suggested] as the
planning tool for use at the grass-root level for achieving the
transition to low birth and death rates."
Correspondence:
M. S. Swaminathan, M. S. Swaminathan Research Foundation, 3rd
Cross Street, Taramani Institutional Area, Madras 600 113, India.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:10322 Trakroo, P. L. An
assessment of communication activities for women in reproductive age in
Haryana. Health and Population: Perspectives and Issues, Vol. 19,
No. 4, Oct-Dec 1996. 173-87 pp. New Delhi, India. In Eng. with sum. in
Hin.
"This paper attempts to assess the availability and
acceptability of electronic media and inter-spouse communication for
family planning among ever married women between age 13 and 59 years,
living in Haryana State [India]. It also highlights the reach and
effectiveness of communication efforts being performed by [the] health
and family welfare delivery system in the State....The author concludes
that...the acceptability of family planning messages presented through
electronic media to Haryana women is comparatively higher than the
overall national level. It was also observed that among women who use
contraceptives almost half of them have been exposed to family welfare
messages through electronic media."
Correspondence: P.
L. Trakroo, National Institute of Health and Family Welfare, Department
of Communication, New Mehrauli Road, Munirka, New Delhi 110 067, India.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
Studies concerned with the interrelations between fertility control and attitudinal variables, including studies on wanted and unwanted pregnancy and children, motivation for parenthood, sex preference, and voluntary childlessness. Studies on knowledge, attitudes, and practice (KAP) of family planning and attitudes toward family size are classified under this heading.
64:10323 Adongo, Philip B.; Phillips, James
F.; Kajihara, Beverly; Fayorsey, Clara; Debpuur, Cornelius; Binka, Fred
N. Cultural factors constraining the introduction of
family planning among the Kassena-Nankana of northern Ghana.
Social Science and Medicine, Vol. 45, No. 12, Dec 1997. 1,789-804 pp.
Oxford, England. In Eng.
"This study presents a focus group
investigation of reasons why women in a rural, Sahelian community [in
Ghana] are reluctant to adopt family planning even when convenient
services are made freely available. First, women opting to practice
contraception must do so at considerable risk of social ostracism or
familial conflict....Second, few women view personal decisions about
contraceptives as theirs to make....Third, although children are highly
valued for a variety of economic, social, and cultural reasons,
mortality risks remain extremely high....Taken together, these findings
attest to the inadequacy of service strategies focused on the
contribution of distribution, individual agency, or personal choice.
Outreach should also build a sense of community legitimacy for the
program, collective health action, and traditional leadership support
for family planning behavior."
Correspondence: J. F.
Phillips, Population Council, One Dag Hammarskjold Plaza, New York, NY
10017. Location: Princeton University Library (PR).
64:10324 Bongaarts, John. Trends
in unwanted childbearing in the developing world. Population
Council Policy Research Division Working Paper, No. 98, 1997. 36 pp.
Population Council, Policy Research Division: New York, New York. In
Eng.
"This study analyzes trends in unwanted fertility in 20
developing countries, based on data from WFS and DHS surveys. While
wanted childbearing almost invariably declines as countries move
through the fertility transition, the trend in unwanted fertility was
found to have an inverted U shape....The principal policy implication
from this analysis is that vigorous efforts to reduce unwanted
pregnancies through family planning programs and other measures are
needed early in the fertility transition because, in their absence,
unwanted fertility and abortion rates are likely to rise to high
levels."
This paper was originally presented at the 1997 Annual
Meeting of the Population Association of
America.
Correspondence: Population Council, Policy
Research Division, One Dag Hammarskjold Plaza, New York, NY 10017.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:10325 Bongaarts, John. Trends
in unwanted childbearing in the developing world. Studies in
Family Planning, Vol. 28, No. 4, Dec 1997. 267-77 pp. New York, New
York. In Eng.
"This study analyzes trends in unwanted
fertility in 20 developing countries, based on data from the World
Fertility Surveys and the Demographic and Health Surveys. Although
wanted childbearing almost invariably declines as countries move
through the fertility transition, the trend in unwanted fertility was
found to have an inverted U shape. During the first half of the
transition, unwanted fertility tends to rise, and it does not decline
until near the end of the transition. This pattern is attributed to the
combined effects of an increase in the duration of exposure to the risk
of unwanted pregnancy and a rise in contraceptive use as desired family
size declines. The substantial variation in unwanted fertility among
countries at the same transition stage is caused by variation in the
degree of implementation of preferences, the effectiveness of
contraceptive use, the rate of induced abortion, and other proximate
determinants, such as age at marriage, duration of breastfeeding, and
frequency of sexual relations."
This paper was originally
presented at the 1997 Annual Meeting of the Population Association of
America.
Correspondence: J. Bongaarts, Population Council,
Policy Research Division, One Dag Hammarskjold Plaza, New York, NY
10017. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:10326 Daragaiah, G.; Kumar, V. K. Ravindra;
Dhanalakshmi, N. Status of women and value of children in
Kurnool: Andhra Pradesh. Health and Population: Perspectives and
Issues, Vol. 19, No. 3, Jul-Sep 1996. 108-15 pp. New Delhi, India. In
Eng. with sum. in Hin.
"This study determines the influence of
value of children and change in roles of women in slum areas of
Kurnool, Andhra Pradesh [India]. The study reveals that most of the
respondents are in favour of inter-caste marriage to their daughters.
Family planning adoption is found to be more [prevalent] among those
who have modern [outlooks] and have positive [attitudes] towards
changes in day-to-day roles of women. The adoption of family planning
will be [higher] among the slum areas where the value of [sons is
lower]."
Correspondence: G. Daragaiah, Sri
Venkateswara University, Department of Population Studies, District
Chittoor, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh 517 502, India. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:10327 Francome, Colin.
Attitudes of general practitioners in Northern Ireland toward
abortion and family planning. Family Planning Perspectives, Vol.
29, No. 5, Sep-Oct 1997. 234-6 pp. New York, New York. In Eng.
"A survey of the attitudes and practices of general
practitioners in Northern Ireland regarding contraception and abortion
was carried out in 1994 and 1995 with a randomized sample of 154
physicians. The vast majority of doctors who received requests for
contraceptives from their patients fulfilled those requests
(94%)....Two-thirds thought that a woman together with her physician
should decide whether to terminate a pregnancy, 19% did not think the
choice should be left with the woman and her physician and 13% were
undecided."
Correspondence: C. Francome, Middlesex
University, Department of Medical Sociology, London NW4 4BT, England.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:10328 Gohel, Mira; Diamond, James J.;
Chambers, Christopher V. Attitudes toward sexual
responsibility and parenting: an exploratory study of young urban
males. Family Planning Perspectives, Vol. 29, No. 6, Nov-Dec 1997.
280-3 pp. New York, New York. In Eng.
"The self-reported
sexual and parenting behaviors and attitudes of 42 [U.S.] urban males
aged 16-22 who had fathered a child were compared with those of 49
demographically similar young men who were not fathers when they sought
medical care at a public health center....Fathers were less likely than
the other respondents to feel that parenthood would interfere with
their future (71% vs. 92%) or to have a concrete five-year plan (57%
vs. 90%). They were more likely to believe that family (62% vs. 37%)
and peers (68% vs. 40%) looked favorably upon early parenthood, to have
a mother who was a teenage parent (74% vs. 47%) and to state that they
lacked an adequate father figure while growing up (50% vs. 18%).
Fathers also reported more frequent sexual activity and less consistent
contraceptive use than did the others."
Correspondence:
M. Gohel, Thomas Jefferson University, Department of Family
Medicine, 11th and Walnut Streets, Philadelphia, PA 19107.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:10329 Hao, Hongsheng; Gao, Ling.
Sex preference and its effects on fertility in China. In: 1992
National Fertility and Family Planning Survey, China: selected research
papers in English. Oct 1997. 59-98 pp. State Family Planning Commission
of China: Beijing, China; U.S. Centers for Disease Control and
Prevention [CDC]: Atlanta, Georgia. In Eng.
"This chapter
[examines], for China as [a] whole and for urban and rural areas during
the period 1955-92, the relationship between the decline in period
parity progression ratios of women and the sex composition of their
children. The quantitative influence of son preference on fertility
decline will also be estimated in the study. We will also examine the
relationship [of] sex ratio at birth with the sex composition of
children."
Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
64:10330 Jelen, Ted G.; Wilcox,
Clyde. Attitudes toward abortion in Poland and the United
States. Social Science Quarterly, Vol. 78, No. 4, Dec 1997. 907-21
pp. Austin, Texas. In Eng.
Attitudes toward legal abortion in
Poland and the United States are compared using data compiled by NORC.
"Despite differences in history, culture, and the distribution of
religious affiliation, mass attitudes toward abortion are quite similar
in the two countries, although Catholicism is a significantly stronger
predictor of `pro-life' attitudes in the United States....In general,
our findings suggest that national and cultural differences are of
limited utility in accounting for variations in abortion attitudes. We
suggest that the fact that the antiabortion movement in the United
States must formulate arguments that appeal to an ecumenical coalition
may make the Catholic Church a more effective agent of socialization in
a religiously competitive environment."
Correspondence:
T. G. Jelen, University of Nevada, Department of Political
Science, 4505 Maryland Parkway, Las Vegas, NV 89154. Location:
Princeton University Library (PR).
64:10331 Ji, Hong; Yan, Ruiguo. A
study on the reproductive health of married graduate students.
Chinese Journal of Population Science, Vol. 9, No. 3, 1997. 171-85 pp.
New York, New York. In Eng.
"Between October 1993 and April
1995, we conducted a systematic sample survey of all the married female
graduate students and married male graduate students of equal number,
at Beijing Normal University." Information is presented on
students' views on dating and marriage; knowledge, attitude, and
practice of contraception and termination of pregnancy; and views and
knowledge of reproduction and childbearing.
Correspondence:
H. Ji, Beijing Normal University Hospital, Xinjekouwai St 19,
Beijing 100875, China. Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
64:10332 Kissling, Frances. The
Vatican and politics of reproductive health. Conscience, Vol. 17,
No. 4, Winter 1996-1997. 25-9 pp. Washington, D.C. In Eng.
This is
the text of an address delivered by the president of Catholics for a
Free Choice at a London meeting sponsored by the All-Party
Parliamentary Group on Population, Development and Reproductive Health.
The author examines some questions concerning the role of religious
institutions in the formulation of public policy and law, with
particular reference to the involvement of the Roman Catholic Church in
issues concerning gender, sexuality, and human reproduction. She points
out that, if policymakers were to adopt the Catholic position on such
issues, everyone would be subject to laws based on the teaching of one
religion, and that the church patriarchy appears not only to be
attempting to control women but also to cut off all dialogue on such
topics.
Location: Princeton University Library (FST).
64:10333 Mace, Ruth; Sear, Rebecca.
Birth interval and the sex of children in a traditional African
population: an evolutionary analysis. Journal of Biosocial
Science, Vol. 29, No. 4, Oct 1997. 499-507 pp. Cambridge, England. In
Eng.
"In this paper the length of the birth interval in a
traditional African population is analysed by sex of children. Birth
intervals after the birth of a boy were significantly longer than after
the birth of a girl, indicating higher parental investment in boys.
However, in women of high parity, this differential disappeared. Birth
intervals for women with no son were shorter than for those with at
least one son. All these results are compatible with an evolutionary
analysis of reproductive decision-making....This paper examines
data...from Gabbra pastoralists, a traditional group of nomadic camel
herders who live in the north of Kenya."
Correspondence:
R. Mace, University College London, Department of Anthropology,
Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, England. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
64:10334 Oates, Gary L.
Self-esteem enhancement through fertility? Socioeconomic prospects,
gender, and mutual influence. American Sociological Review, Vol.
62, No. 6, Dec 1997. 965-73 pp. Washington, D.C. In Eng.
"I
analyze data from the [U.S.] National Longitudinal Survey of Youth
(NLSY), using a LISREL model to examine whether having children
influences one's self-esteem, whether the effect of children on
self-esteem is stronger among the less socioeconomically privileged and
among women, and whether there is evidence of mutual influence in the
relationship between having children and self-esteem. I find that the
number of children does not affect self-esteem; this holds true for
both women and men, and for different socioeconomic groups. There is no
evidence of non linearity in the relationship between number of
children and self-esteem. Further, self-esteem does not affect whether
men or women have children."
Correspondence: G. L.
Oates, University of Connecticut, Department of Sociology, 344
Mansfield Road, Storrs, CT 06268. E-mail: oatesg@uconnvm.uconn.edu.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:10335 Pandey, R. N. Knowledge,
attitude and practice of family planning in Mongolia. Demography
India, Vol. 26, No. 1, Jan-Jun 1997. 79-92 pp. Delhi, India. In Eng.
"In Mongolia, there is no system of collection of regular data
on the contraceptive prevalence rate. To fill this gap, the Population
Teaching and Research Centre (PTRC) conducted the first ever
Demographic Survey in Mongolia during October-November 1994, to provide
information about the trends and levels of fertility, mortality, [and]
use of contraceptive methods....In this paper an attempt has been made
to present some information about the knowledge, attitude and practice
of family planning methods in Mongolia based on the data from this
survey."
Correspondence: R. N. Pandey, Central
Statistical Organization, Delhi, India. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
64:10336 Ravindran, T. K. Sundari; Berer,
Marge; Cottingham, Jane. Beyond acceptability: users'
perspectives on contraception. ISBN 0-9531210-0-3. 1997. iii, 121
pp. Reproductive Health Matters: London, England. In Eng.
This
collection of papers was initiated at an international workshop held in
Geneva, Switzerland, in late 1995 on aspects of contraceptive
acceptability and users' perspectives on contraception. "It brings
together the experience of researchers, contraceptive service providers
and women's health advocates. The papers include original research
carried out in Chile, India, South Africa and the UK and in two
cross-country studies; reviews and analysis of the existing literature
and proposals for future directions, including the following topics:
market research and analysis of contraception; hormonal contraception:
what we know and what we need to find out; would the diaphragm be more
widely used if it were more available; negotiating condom use: an issue
of empowerment; acceptability of the new post-partum vaginal ring;
urban poor women's views on the technical attributes of contraceptive
methods: a comparative study; couples' perspectives on the vasectomy
decision; dual risk and dual protection: making sex safer; supporting
women's choices and effective use of contraception; [and] reorienting
research on contraceptive choice."
Correspondence:
Reproductive Health Matters, 29-35 Farringdon Road, London EC1M
3JB, England. E-mail: RHMjournal@compuserve.com. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:10337 Shi, Youying; Zhang, Jingyu.
A study on premarital instructions in urban areas. Chinese
Journal of Population Science, Vol. 9, No. 2, 1997. 135-9 pp. New York,
New York. In Eng.
"This study was conducted by the aggregate
sampling method among people who visited the Dongsi Maternity and Child
Care Hospital in Beijing between June 1993 and April 1994. The
visitors' views on marriage and reproduction and willingness to seek
premarital instructions were surveyed." Respondents' knowledge of
reproductive health, contraception, sex education, and sexually
transmitted disease is assessed.
Correspondence: Y. Shi,
Dongsi Maternity and Child Care Hospital, Beijing, China. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:10338 Unger, Jennifer B.; Molina, Gregory
B. Desired family size and son preference among Hispanic
women of low socioeconomic status. Family Planning Perspectives,
Vol. 29, No. 6, Nov-Dec 1997. 284-7 pp. New York, New York. In Eng.
"Among 432 Hispanic women aged 18-50 interviewed at a Los
Angeles obstetrics and gynecology clinic, respondents reported wanting
an average of 2.8 sons but only 0.1 daughters. Being older than 30,
having no more than an eighth grade education, being separated,
divorced or widowed, being Spanish-speaking or having been born outside
the United States, and having a large family of origin were all
positively associated with a desire for a greater number of sons. A
multivariate analysis indicated that women who preferred to speak
Spanish were 10.9 times as likely as those who preferred English to
desire a greater number of sons, and those with more children were 2.5
times as likely as those with fewer children to have a strong desire
for sons."
Correspondence: J. B. Unger, University of
Southern California, Institute for Health Promotion and Disease
Prevention Research, University Park, Los Angeles, CA 90089.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:10339 Zheng, Xiaoying. A
survey of graduate students' knowledge, views, and behavior with
respect to reproductive health. Chinese Journal of Population
Science, Vol. 9, No. 2, 1997. 123-33 pp. New York, New York. In Eng.
"Should we provide college students with information and
services related to reproductive health based on their characteristics
and needs? In order to answer this question, this study was conducted
in 1994 [in China] among married and unmarried graduate students on
their knowledge, attitudes, and behavior with respect to reproductive
health." Aspects considered include contraceptive usage,
premarital sex, abortion, knowledge of the fertile period, and need for
population education.
Correspondence: X. Zheng, Beijing
University, Institute of Demographics, Hai Dian, Beijing 100871, China.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
Studies on induced abortion, including those on attitudes, with the exception of studies primarily concerned with government regulation of abortion, which are coded under M.2. Measures Affecting Fertility. Studies of spontaneous abortion appear under F.3. Sterility and Other Pathology.
64:10340 Agadjanian, Victor; Qian,
Zhenchao. Ethnocultural identity and induced abortion in
Kazakstan. Studies in Family Planning, Vol. 28, No. 4, Dec 1997.
317-29 pp. New York, New York. In Eng.
"This study analyzes
ethnic differences in induced abortion among ever-married women in
Kazakstan, drawing on data from the 1995 Kazakstan Demographic and
Health Survey. Instead of conventional ethnic markers, such as `Kazak'
or `Russian', it focuses on more complex ethnocultural identities that
combine ascribed ethnicity with language use. Because of the history of
russification in Kazakstan, three ethnocultural groups are defined and
compared--Kazak women who chose to be interviewed in Kazak, Kazak women
who chose to be interviewed in Russian, and women of European
background interviewed in Russian. Whereas women of European origin
were the most likely to undergo induced abortion, the
Russian-interviewed Kazaks had higher abortion ratios and were more
likely to terminate their pregnancies than were the Kazak-interviewed
Kazaks, net of other characteristics. The implications of the results
for induced abortion trends and family planning policy in Kazakstan are
discussed in addition to other findings."
Correspondence:
V. Agadjanian, Arizona State University, Department of Sociology,
Tempe, AZ 85287-2101. Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
64:10341 Borisov, V.; Sinel'nikov, A.;
Arkhangel'skii, V. Abortions and family planning in
Russia: legal and moral aspects. [Aborty i planirovanie sem'i v
Rossii: pravovye i nravstvennye aspekty.] Voprosy Statistiki, No. 3,
1997. 75-81 pp. Moscow, Russia. In Rus.
Trends in induced abortion
and family planning in the Russian Federation are analyzed over the
period from 1970 to 1995.
Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
64:10342 Bowen, Donna L.
Abortion, Islam, and the 1994 Cairo Population Conference.
International Journal of Middle East Studies, Vol. 29, No. 2, May 1997.
161-84 pp. Cambridge, England. In Eng.
The author discusses induced
abortion and Islam in the context of the 1994 Cairo Population
Conference. She first reviews "the theological and juridical
reasoning gleaned from the classical fiqh (Islamic jurisprudence) texts
of the 9th-15th centuries and contemporary articles and statements by
ulama on abortion....Second, I will take up the religious, political,
and social contexts of attitudes toward abortion and the practice of
abortion in the late 20th century....The topic of the third section
[is] the actions and attitudes of women as they confront the
possibility of abortion. Finally, I will survey the stances of Muslim
countries as delineated in reports from the population
conference."
Correspondence: D. L. Bowen, Brigham
Young University, Department of Political Science, Provo, UT 84602.
Location: Princeton University Library (SY).
64:10343 Centre for African Family Studies
(Nairobi, Kenya). Abortion in Africa. African Journal
of Fertility, Sexuality and Reproductive Health, Vol. 1, No. 1, Mar
1996. 80 pp. Nairobi, Kenya. In Eng.
This special issue of a new
journal provides an overview of unsafe abortion in Africa, with a focus
on the legal status of the procedure, prevalence, reasons for abortion
complications, differences among countries, and ethical
considerations.
Selected items will be cited in this or subsequent
issues of Population Index.
Correspondence: Centre for
African Family Studies, Pamstech House, Woodvale Grove, Westlands, P.O.
Box 60054, Nairobi, Kenya. E-mail: cafs@ken.Healthnet.Org.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:10344 Chalubinski, Miroslaw.
Politics and abortion. [Polityka i aborcja.] ISBN
83-85838-14-7. 1994. 255 pp. Agencja Scholar: Warsaw, Poland. In Pol.
This book presents a selection of articles by various authors on
induced abortion and related issues in Poland. The articles deal with
the social, ethical, religious, and political aspects of the abortion
debate, as well as with the physiological aspects of abortion. The
focus of the debate is on whether the right to an abortion should be
protected as a basic human right.
Correspondence: Agencja
Scholar, ul. Królewska 43/92, Warsaw, Poland. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:10345 Emuveyan, Edward E.
Profile of abortion in Nigeria. African Journal of Fertility,
Sexuality and Reproductive Health, Vol. 1, No. 1, Mar 1996. 8-13 pp.
Nairobi, Kenya. In Eng.
"This paper analyses the legal and
social contexts of abortion in Nigeria, provides information on
available data and identifies gaps in the available data with a view to
finding ways to further improve data collection and management. It
outlines policy changes needed, advocacy activities to facilitate such
changes and areas of further research." The author reports on
focus groups conducted in 1993 and 1994 in which women were asked about
abortion-related attitudes, beliefs, motives, and
behaviors.
Correspondence: E. E. Emuveyan, University of
Lagos, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine,
P.M.B. 12003, Lagos, Nigeria. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
64:10346 Ghebrehewet, Samuel; Ashton,
J. A review of induced abortion rates in England and
Wales, 1969-1994. British Journal of Family Planning, Vol. 23, No.
4, Jan 1998. 120-6 pp. London, England. In Eng.
"This study
examines trends in induced abortion rates in England and Wales, from
1969 to 1994. A comparison of the trends between the different age
groups shows contrasting changes and interesting features. The only age
group to show a continuous increase since 1969 has been females aged 11
to 14 years. This may be due to birth cohort effect, as younger women
begin sexual activity in a social environment of higher risk than
previous cohorts....In spite of the availability of improved and better
contraceptive services and sex education, the cohort analysis suggests
that induced abortion rate in each successive cohort was higher than
the preceding cohort."
Correspondence: S. Ghebrehewet,
Saint Catherine's Hospital, Wirral Health Authority, Birkenhead,
England. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:10347 Gruber, Jonathan; Levine, Phillip;
Staiger, Douglas. Abortion legalization and child living
circumstances: who is the "marginal child"? NBER Working
Paper, No. 6034, May 1997. 32, [2] pp. National Bureau of Economic
Research [NBER]: Cambridge, Massachusetts. In Eng.
"We
estimate the impact of changes in abortion access in the early 1970s on
the average living standards of cohorts born in those years. In
particular, we address the selection inherent in the abortion decision:
is the marginal child who is not born when abortion access increases
more or less disadvantaged than the average child?...Our estimates
imply that the marginal child who was not born due to legalization
would have been 70% more likely to live in a single parent family, 40%
more likely to live in poverty, 50% more likely to receive welfare, and
35% more likely to die as an infant. These selection effects imply that
the legalization of abortion saved the government over $14 billion in
welfare expenditures through 1994."
Correspondence:
National Bureau of Economic Research, 1050 Massachusetts Avenue,
Cambridge, MA 02138. Author's E-mail: gruber@mit.edu. Location:
Princeton University Library (PF).
64:10348 Haas-Wilson, Deborah.
Women's reproductive choices: the impact of Medicaid funding
restrictions. Family Planning Perspectives, Vol. 29, No. 5,
Sep-Oct 1997. 228-33 pp. New York, New York. In Eng.
"As of
January 1997, 34 states were enforcing restrictions on Medicaid funding
for abortions. Determining whether these restrictions affect women's
reproductive decisions was the object of a fixed-effects log-linear
analysis using 11 years of data between 1978 and 1992. Results indicate
that abortion rates in states with Medicaid funding restrictions are 2%
lower than rates in states with no such restrictions. However, when the
supply of abortion providers and the demographic characteristics of the
state population are taken into account, the difference is no longer
statistically significant. Medicaid funding restrictions have no impact
on birthrates, and the result is the same regardless of whether the
empirical model takes into account provider availability, demographic
characteristics and state sentiment toward women and reproductive
rights."
Correspondence: D. Haas-Wilson, Smith
College, Department of Economics, Northampton, MA 01063. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:10349 Italy. Istituto Nazionale di
Statistica [ISTAT]. Sistema Statistico Nazionale (Rome,
Italy). The voluntary interruption of pregnancy in Italy:
a sociodemographic and health profile from Law 194 to the present.
[L'interruzione volontaria di gravidanza in Italia: un quadro
socio-demografico e sanitario dalla legge 194 ad oggi.] Argomenti, No.
9, ISBN 88-458-0055-5. 1997. 201 pp. Rome, Italy. In Ita.
This
report reviews developments in induced abortion in Italy, from the
implementation in 1978 of Law 194 legalizing abortion up to the
present. In addition to an analysis of changes over time in abortions
by region, the report examines the characteristics of women having
abortions, including abortions undergone by minors, the status of
abortion services, and the types of procedures used. Some major changes
are noted, particularly the significant reduction in time between
conception and performance of abortions. Extensive tables presenting
the relevant data are provided.
Correspondence: Istituto
Nazionale di Statistica, Via Cesare Balbo 16, 00184 Rome, Italy.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:10350 Kaufmann, K. The
abortion resource handbook. A Fireside Book, ISBN 0-684-83076-0.
LC 97-10262. 1997. xix, 218 pp. Simon and Schuster: New York, New York.
In Eng.
This book "was conceived and written to provide women
[in the United States] with the support and clear, practical
information they need to get an abortion regardless of their personal
situation or the restrictive nature of the laws, lack of clinics, or
level of antichoice violence in their state....Chapters 1 through 6
cover logistics: how to choose a clinic, deal with informed consent and
parental notification and consent laws, and find help if you think you
can't afford an abortion or have to travel to a clinic in another city
or state. Chapter 7 contains information on clinic harassment, and
Chapter 8 looks at the emotional and physical experience of unplanned
pregnancy. Chapters 9 and 10 provide basic medical information on
abortion, including the procedures used for first-and second-trimester
abortions, what will be happening during your appointment, and the
drugs that can be used for emergency contraception and early abortion.
Chapter 11 is intended only for women who are having a late abortion
because of fetal anomaly or other life-threatening medical condition.
The appendixes include a state-by-state list of laws and prochoice
organizations; a resource and bibliography section; and sample parental
notification, judicial bypass, and medical informed consent
forms."
Correspondence: Simon and Schuster, 1230
Avenue of the Americas, New York, NY 10020. Location:
Princeton University Library (FST).
64:10351 Likwa, Rosemary N.; Whittaker,
Maxine. The characteristics of women presenting for
abortion and complications of illegal abortions at the University
Teaching Hospital, Lusaka, Zambia: an explorative study. African
Journal of Fertility, Sexuality and Reproductive Health, Vol. 1, No. 1,
Mar 1996. 42-9 pp. Nairobi, Kenya. In Eng.
"This report
describes the findings of a prospective study of women presenting with
a request for termination of pregnancy or with the diagnosis of
complication of induced abortion, at the University Teaching Hospital
(UTH) in Lusaka, Zambia. The paper identifies some socio-economic
characteristics of these women, comparing those obtaining legal with
those obtaining illegal abortions....The paper...suggests reasons for
the demographic differences noted between the
groups."
Correspondence: R. N. Likwa, Ministry of
Health, Family Health Unit (MCH/FP), Lusaka, Zambia. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:10352 Machungo, Fernanda; Zanconato,
Giovanni; Bergström, Staffan. Reproductive
characteristics and post-abortion health consequences in women
undergoing illegal and legal abortion in Maputo. Social Science
and Medicine, Vol. 45, No. 11, Dec 1997. 1,607-13 pp. Oxford, England.
In Eng.
"In the Maputo Central Hospital [Mozambique] 103 women
undergoing induced legal abortion (LA), 103 women with confirmed,
recent illegal abortion (IA), and 100 randomly recruited antenatal
clinic (AC) attenders were compared in order to find characteristic
features regarding obstetric history, reproductive performance and
contraceptive knowledge, attitude and practice." The results
suggest that women undergoing illegal abortion are more likely to be
exposed to unprotected intercourse and to experience a first pregnancy
at a young age, and have little or no experience of safe and legal
abortion.
Correspondence: S. Bergström, Karolinska
Institute, Division of International Health Care Research, Stockholm
171 77, Sweden. Location: Princeton University Library (PR).
64:10353 Makinwa-Adebusoye, Paulina; Singh,
Susheela; Audam, Suzette. Nigerian health professionals'
perceptions about abortion practice. International Family Planning
Perspectives, Vol. 23, No. 4, Dec 1997. 155-61 pp. New York, New York.
In Eng. with sum. in Fre; Spa.
"Although the provision of
abortion is highly restricted in Nigeria, findings from a 1996 survey
of 67 health professionals from two-thirds of the country's states
indicate that women of all socioeconomic levels obtain induced
abortions, albeit under a wide range of conditions. Nationally, about
one-third of women seeking an abortion are thought to obtain it from a
physician, and almost one-quarter are believed to go to a nurse or
midwife; nearly half are thought to either use traditional providers
who have no formal medical training, take drugs they purchase over the
counter or employ other means to induce the abortion themselves.
Because such a high proportion of abortions are likely performed by
unskilled providers or are self-induced, about two-fifths of all women
who have an abortion are believed to suffer a medical complication, and
nearly one-fifth are expected to be hospitalized for treatment of
health consequences."
Correspondence: S. Singh, Alan
Guttmacher Institute, 120 Wall Street, New York, NY 10005.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:10354 Mandelin, Matti A.
Pregnancy termination--situation in Finland. Acta Obstetricia
et Gynecologica Scandinavica, Vol. 76, Suppl., No. 164, 1997. 51-3 pp.
Copenhagen, Denmark. In Eng.
"Finnish abortion numbers have
been declining steadily since the initial increase following the
liberalization of abortion legislation in 1970, and in 1994, only 7.9
abortions per 1,000 women between 15 and 49 years of age were
performed. This figure is the lowest in the Nordic countries.
Legislation, methods and complications, abortion services and
contraceptive practices in Finland are
described."
Correspondence: M. A. Mandelin, City
Maternity Hospital, Sofianlehdonkatu 5, 00610 Helsinki, Finland.
Source: Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:10355 Mogilevkina, Irina; Markote, Solvita;
Avakyan, Yuri; Mrochek, Ludmila; Liljestrand, Jerker; Hellberg,
Dan. Induced abortions and childbirths: trends in Estonia,
Latvia, Lithuania, Russia, Belarussia and the Ukraine during 1970 to
1994. Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica, Vol. 75, No.
10, 1996. 908-11 pp. Copenhagen, Denmark. In Eng.
The aim of this
study is "to analyse trends in childbirth, induced abortions and
maternal morbidity from 1970 to 1994 in Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania,
Russia, Belarussia and the Ukraine." The study was based on
compilation and analysis of official health statistics from the six
countries. The authors report that "high abortion rates (up to 142
per 1,000 women of fertile ages and years) were seen in all countries
analysed, but since 1980 a continuing decrease is noted for Estonia,
Latvia and Kaliningrad with a lowest rate of 50 abortions/1,000
women/year in Latvia in 1994. Teenage abortions and childbirths are
increasing. Maternal mortality, including complications of abortions,
is still a reality in all the countries studied". The article
makes comparisons of abortion and birth rates, in general and in
teenagers, with the situation in Sweden. In all countries and regions,
induced abortions were at least three times as common as in
Sweden.
Correspondence: D. Hellberg, Falun Hospital,
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 791 82 Falun, Sweden. E-mail:
dan.hellberg@ltdalarna.se. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
64:10356 Mosaase, M. L.; Tlebere, P.
Unsafe abortion and post abortion family planning in Africa: the
case of Lesotho. African Journal of Fertility, Sexuality and
Reproductive Health, Vol. 1, No. 1, Mar 1996. 26-8 pp. Nairobi, Kenya.
In Eng.
"The maternal mortality rate in Lesotho is still
regrettably high....The rate could be an underestimate since it is
computed from hospital-based data and mortalities that occur in the
home are not reflected. It is estimated that about a quarter to a third
of maternal deaths are secondary to complications of abortion: severe
haemorrhage; post abortal sepsis; poisoning from ingestion of
abortifacients."
Correspondence: M. L. Mosaase,
Planned Parenthood Association, Maseru, Lesotho. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:10357 Mpangile, G. S.; Leshabari, M. T.;
Kaaya, S. F.; Kihwele, D. J. The role of male partners in
teenage induced abortion in Dar es Salaam. African Journal of
Fertility, Sexuality and Reproductive Health, Vol. 1, No. 1, Mar 1996.
29-37 pp. Nairobi, Kenya. In Eng.
"This paper presents
information from 150 teenagers on the role played by male partners in
facilitating induced abortions in Dar es Salaam [Tanzania]. The sample
was screened from a larger data set consisting of 965 women admitted
with abortion complications over 45 consecutive days. Findings of the
study revealed that although the majority of the partners of teenage
girls advised abortion, less than 1/3 of these men were willing to
identify an abortionist, pay the fees required, or provide further
assistance when complications developed."
Correspondence:
G. S. Mpangile, International Planned Parenthood Federation,
Africa Region, Nairobi, Kenya. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
64:10358 Okonofua, Friday E.; Odimegwu,
Clifford; Aina, Bisi; Daru, P. H.; Johnson, A. Women's
experiences of unwanted pregnancy and induced abortion in Nigeria:
summary report. Critical Issues in Reproductive Health, Nov 1996.
ii, 31 pp. Population Council, Robert H. Ebert Program: New York, New
York. In Eng.
"The purpose of this report is to present the
results of a population-based study of unwanted pregnancy and induced
abortion among women of reproductive age in two communities in the
southwestern and northern parts of Nigeria. The overall objective of
the study was to provide data necessary for the design of practical
interventions and policies for reducing the high rate of morbidity and
mortality associated with induced abortion in
Nigeria."
Correspondence: Population Council, Robert
H. Ebert Program, One Dag Hammarskjold Plaza, New York, NY 10017.
Author's E-mail: FOkonofua@OAU.net. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
64:10359 Pringle, Helen. Is
abortion illegal? Australian Journal of Political Science, Vol.
32, No. 1, Mar 1997. 93-110 pp. Abingdon, England. In Eng.
"My
aim in this article is very limited: to explore whether abortion is
illegal in Australia....First, I set out the statutory provisions and
judicial rulings that form the basis of the legal position on abortion
in Australia. Secondly, I consider the legal weight of those
rulings....I then explore whether there are any abortions that would be
`prima facie' illegal....I conclude with mention of the most recent
developments in the area...and the relevant provisions of the proposed
Model Criminal Code, and their significance for the law and public
policy on abortion."
For on-line availability see
http://www.catchword.co.uk.
Correspondence: H. Pringle,
University of New South Wales, School of Political Science, Kensington,
NSW 2033, Australia. Location: Princeton University Library
(SF).
64:10360 Ramalefo, Cally; Modisaotsile,
Innocent M. The state of unsafe abortion in Botswana:
evidence from proxy indicators. African Journal of Fertility,
Sexuality and Reproductive Health, Vol. 1, No. 1, Mar 1996. 38-41 pp.
Nairobi, Kenya. In Eng.
"In this paper, we will advance
evidence to register the existence of unsafe abortions [in Botswana].
However, given limited research in this area, we will support our
arguments through proxy indicators for unsafe abortions. Finally, we
will advance both short term and long term strategies that need to be
employed to curtail the incidence of unsafe
abortion."
Correspondence: C. Ramalefo, Botswana
Family Welfare Association, P.O. Bag 00100, Gaborone, Botswana.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:10361 Renne, Elisha P.
Changing patterns of child-spacing and abortion in a northern
Nigerian town. OPR Working Paper, No. 97-1, Apr 1997. 22, [10] pp.
Princeton University, Office of Population Research [OPR]: Princeton,
New Jersey. In Eng.
"This paper examines...changing patterns
of abortion and child-spacing in relation to women's education, based
on research conducted in Zaria [Nigeria] from 1994 to 1996....Women's
education in Zaria appears to be affecting patterns of abortion in at
least two ways. First, it has provided alternative advice on
child-spacing which has indirectly reduced the demand for abortion by
married women. Second, the demand for abortion may be increasing for
secondary school women who want to complete their education before
marrying."
Correspondence: Princeton University,
Office of Population Research, 21 Prospect Avenue, Princeton, NJ
08544-2091. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:10362 Roberge, Lawrence F. The
cost of abortion: an analysis of the social, economic, and demographic
effects of abortion in the United States. ISBN 1-885857-16-0. LC
95-61930. 1995. xvi, 78 pp. Four Winds: LaGrange, Georgia. In Eng.
In this study, the author attempts to analyze the costs of legal
abortion for the United States from a pro-life perspective, using
publicly available data for the period 1965-1992. He first presents
evidence to show that the official published data underestimate the
number of legal abortions that actually occur. He then goes on to
analyze the effect of induced abortion on fertility and mortality,
population growth, education, and economic and fiscal
factors.
Correspondence: Four Winds, P.O. Box 3102,
LaGrange, GA 30241. Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
64:10363 Rogo, Khama; Leonard, Ann; Muia,
Esther. Unsafe abortion in Kenya: findings from eight
studies. ISBN 0-87834-087-4. 1996. vi, 42 pp. Population Council:
Nairobi, Kenya. In Eng.
"In 1988...the Population Council
embarked on a four-year collaborative program...to document the
magnitude and nature of the problem of unsafe abortion. The program had
two principal objectives. The first was to assist Kenyan institutions
in defining the major legal, policy, and programmatic issues
surrounding the practice of illegal and unsafe abortions. The second
objective was to provide Kenyan researchers with experience in
utilizing a range of methodologies, both quantitative and qualitative,
to study the problem....Researchers from the Centre for the Study of
Adolescence designed and implemented a package of eight studies. This
monograph provides a summary of the findings of these
studies."
Correspondence: Population Council, One Dag
Hammarskjold Plaza, New York, NY 10017. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
64:10364 Rogo, Khama O. Induced
abortion in Sub-Saharan Africa. African Journal of Fertility,
Sexuality and Reproductive Health, Vol. 1, No. 1, Mar 1996. 14-25 pp.
Nairobi, Kenya. In Eng.
The author discusses the problem of induced
abortion in Sub-Saharan Africa. Aspects considered include the
dimensions of abortion, abortion and the law, abortion services,
consequences of induced abortion, and the future of induced
abortion.
Correspondence: K. O. Rogo, University of
Nairobi, College of Health Services, Department of Obstetrics and
Gynaecology, P.O. Box 19626, Nairobi, Kenya. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:10365 Serour, G. I.; Ragab, A. R.;
Hassanein, M. The position of Muslim culture towards
abortion. Population Sciences, Vol. 16, Jul 1996. 1-17 pp. Cairo,
Egypt. In Eng.
The position of Islam with regard to induced
abortion is examined. "There is a consensus among the theologians
that abortion after 120 days is not allowed except to save mother's
life. Before 120 days, the majority of the Islamic institutions and
theologians are of the opinion that abortion is not allowed in Islam
except for health reasons and abortion as a method of family planning
is not accepted. However, women presented with abortion complications
should be attended properly."
Correspondence: G. I.
Serour, Al-Azhar University, International Islamic Centre for
Population Studies and Research, Cairo, Egypt. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:10366 Söderberg, Hanna.
Abortions in Malmö--problems and prevention. Acta
Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica, Vol. 76, Suppl., No. 164,
1997. 60-2 pp. Copenhagen, Denmark. In Eng.
"Since 1975, women
living in Sweden have had after counseling, free access to legal
abortion until the 18th week of pregnancy. During the past decade, the
abortion number remained around 34-38,000 per year, but since 1989 it
has been decreasing continuously....The largest towns in Sweden have
the highest abortion rates, Malmö leading with 26.5-30.4 per 1,000
women."
Correspondence: H. Söderberg, University
Hospital of Malmö, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 205 02
Malmö, Sweden. Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
64:10367 Solinger, Rickie.
Abortion wars: a half century of struggle, 1950-2000. ISBN
0-520-20256-2. LC 97-12261. 1998. xvi, 413 pp. University of California
Press: Berkeley, California/London, England. In Eng.
This is a
collection of 18 essays on induced abortion in the United States in the
second half of the twentieth century, written from an interdisciplinary
perspective. "This volume is unabashedly a pro-rights book. The
perspectives collected here yield a complex picture of what has been at
stake in abortion politics during the past fifty years. These essays
help clarify why so many women consider abortion crucial to their lives
and so bound up with full citizenship rights. They also help explain
why opposition to abortion rights has persisted and become so violent
today."
Correspondence: University of California
Press, 2120 Berkeley Way, Berkeley, CA 94720. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:10368 United States. Centers for Disease
Control and Prevention [CDC] (Atlanta, Georgia). Abortion
surveillance: preliminary analysis--United States, 1995. Morbidity
and Mortality Weekly Report, Vol. 46, No. 48, Dec 5, 1997. 1,133-7 pp.
Atlanta, Georgia. In Eng.
"For 1995, CDC received data about
legal induced abortions from the 50 states, New York City, and the
District of Columbia. This report presents preliminary data for 1995;
final abortion data for 1995 will be published during spring
1998." Information is provided on numbers of abortions and live
births, characteristics of women obtaining abortions, gestational age
at time of abortion, residence of women, and abortion
ratios.
Correspondence: U.S. Centers for Disease Control
and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road NE, Atlanta, GA 30333. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
Studies on lactation, nutrition, fecundability, sex behavior, menarche and menopause, and other biological factors or social customs as they affect fertility directly. Factors affecting contraceptive practice and factors affecting fertility indirectly are not included here.
64:10369 Lacson, Romel S.; Theocharis,
Theocharis R.; Strack, Robert; Sy, Francisco S.; Vincent, Murray L.;
Osteria, Trinidad S.; Jiminez, Pilar R. Correlates of
sexual abstinence among urban university students in the
Philippines. International Family Planning Perspectives, Vol. 23,
No. 4, Dec 1997. 168-72 pp. New York, New York. In Eng. with sum. in
Fre; Spa.
"The majority of members of a convenience sample of
1,355 urban university students in metropolitan Manila, the
Philippines, were sexually abstinent (83%). Most were knowledgeable
about AIDS, about pregnancy risk and about contraception in general
(60-88%), but only 20% had adequate knowledge about condoms.
Approximately 90% of all students held nonaccepting attitudes toward
premarital and recreational sex. Males were more likely than females to
have ever had sexual intercourse (30% vs. 7%), and they were better
informed about condoms and about contraception in general. Sexually
abstinent students were more likely than sexually active students to
attend church regularly (76% vs. 64%) and to feel that premarital sex
was unacceptable (92% vs. 67%)."
Correspondence: R. S.
Lacson, South Carolina Department of Health and Environmental Control,
STD/HIV Division, Columbia, SC. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
64:10370 Lauritsen, Janet L.; Swicegood, C.
Gray. The consistency of self-reported initiation of
sexual activity. Family Planning Perspectives, Vol. 29, No. 5,
Sep-Oct 1997. 215-21 pp. New York, New York. In Eng.
"In an
analysis of the consistency of self-reported age at first intercourse
using longitudinal data from the [U.S.] National Youth Survey, 28-32%
of adolescents reported an age at first intercourse inconsistent with
the information they provided up to seven years later as adults.
Overall, white females were the most likely to offer consistent
responses (70%), while black males were the least likely to do so
(27%). Multivariate analyses indicated that in addition to race and
gender, some social and economic factors were significantly associated
with inconsistent reporting. For example, those who lived in a
two-parent household were less likely than those from a one-parent
family to report an earlier age at first intercourse as adolescents
than they reported as adults. After controlling for these
inconsistencies, overall predictors of adolescent sexual behavior
remained unchanged."
Correspondence: J. L. Lauritsen,
University of Missouri, Department of Criminology and Criminal Justice,
St. Louis, MO 63121-4499. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
Studies on nonmarital fertility, including illegitimacy. Studies of common-law marriage and other forms of cohabitation or voluntary single parenthood are coded under G.1. Marriage and Divorce or G.2. Family and Household.
64:10371 Powers, Daniel A.; Hsueh, James
C.-T. Sibling models of socioeconomic effects on the
timing of first premarital birth. Demography, Vol. 34, No. 4, Nov
1997. 493-511 pp. Silver Spring, Maryland. In Eng.
"Data on
1,090 pairs of sisters from the [U.S.] National Longitudinal Survey of
Youth are used to estimate the effects of observed individual-level
factors, common family-level variables, and shared unobserved
family-level traits on the timing of premarital births. Results show a
moderate correlated risk of premarital childbearing among siblings
after controlling for the effects of measured covariates. The effect of
older sisters' out-of-wedlock childbearing on the timing of younger
sisters' premarital birth is overestimated when shared unmeasured
family-level traits are ignored. Public policy measures designed to
reduce premarital births have a smaller multiplier effect via reduced
younger sisters' premarital births because unmeasured family-level
factors are less amenable to policy measures. However, because the
older-sibling effect is large when other sources of variability in
premarital birth timing are controlled, interventions may be effective
in reducing premarital births among young women in high-risk
families."
Correspondence: D. A. Powers, University of
Texas, Department of Sociology, 336 Burdine Hall, Austin, TX 78712.
E-mail: dpowers@mail.la.utexas.edu. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
64:10372 Stloukal, Libor.
Changing patterns of extramarital conceptions in the Czech
Republic, 1960-93. Journal of Biosocial Science, Vol. 29, No. 4,
Oct 1997. 471-89 pp. Cambridge, England. In Eng.
"Patterns of
reproduction associated with extramarital conception [in the Czech
Republic] are examined using data on non-marital births, marital births
occurring during less than 8 months after marriage, and spontaneous and
induced abortions experienced by unmarried women....Substantial
increases in the proportion of extramaritally conceived pregnancies
leading to non-marital births are detected for the period since the
late 1980s, and ascribed mainly to rising levels of unmarried
cohabitation. The demographic effects of the post-1989 transition from
state to market economy are discussed."
Correspondence:
L. Stloukal, Charles University, Faculty of Sciences, Department
of Demography and Geodemography, Albertov 6, 12 843 Prague, Czech
Republic. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
