Studies with an emphasis on locational patterns and their interpretation.
Studies of rural and urban populations considered together. Studies that are concerned primarily with the movement of population are classified under H. Migration. Studies concerned with the definition of urban or rural areas and with boundary changes are classified here or in O.1. Population Statistics, General Aspects.
64:10043 Chalmers, Lex; Joseph, Alun.
Population dynamics and settlement systems: a case study in the
Waikato. New Zealand Geographer, Vol. 53, No. 1, 1997. 14-21 pp.
Hamilton, New Zealand. In Eng.
"The paper uses five broad
classes of settlement in the Waikato [New Zealand] as a base for
exploring age and gender specific changes to population distributions.
The trends are assessed over the period 1981 to 1991, an era of
significant change to the economic and social fabric of the region.
Links between this change and the inferred patterns of movement are
suggested. Notable patterns include migration deficits in the youthful
and elderly age classes in sparsely settled rural areas, and more
substantial numbers of elderly in other non metropolitan settlements
than expected. The policy implications of these distributions are
considered in the concluding section of the
paper."
Correspondence: L. Chalmers, University of
Waikato, Department of Geography, Private Bag, Hamilton, New Zealand.
Location: Princeton University Library (PR).
64:10044 Czyz, Teresa.
Application of the population potential model in the structural
regionalisation of Poland. Geographia Polonica, Vol. 66, 1995.
13-31 pp. Warsaw, Poland. In Eng.
"The application of
population potential in the research procedure employed to arrive at
Poland's structural regionalisation allows three main tasks to be
solved: (1) determining the interaction in the urban system, (2)
establishing macroregional nodes, and (3) delimiting peripheral zones
of macroregions. The configuration of the potential surface and
membership functions indicates the spatial structuring of
socio-economic reality at the level of population
interaction."
Correspondence: T. Czyz, Adam Mickiewicz
University, Institute of Socio-Economic Geography and Spatial Planning,
ul. Fredry 10, 61-701 Poznan, Poland. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
64:10045 Dendrinos, Dimitrios S.; Zhang,
Jiang; Qian, Zhen-Chao. Topography and spatial population
dualism in the People's Republic of China (1933-1990). Review of
Urban and Regional Development Studies, Vol. 6, No. 1, 1994. 78-99 pp.
Tokyo, Japan. In Eng.
"Looking at half a century of available
data, a sharp spatial dualism is observed in the regional population
distribution of the People's Republic of China. The vast share of the
PRC's population is located in the Eastern and South-Eastern regions.
Two topographical variables related to accessibility, distance from the
eastern seaboard and elevation, seem to be at the core of this dualism.
Their isolated and combined effects upon the spatial distribution of
the PRC's population are examined for the period 1933-1990. It is
documented that the population concentration in certain regions of the
PRC is not so much because of their proximity to the seaboard, but
because of their low elevation, especially in the eastern part of the
nation. Also documented is a result indicating that in time the
combined effects of these impedances on the regional population
distribution in the PRC is linearly
declining."
Correspondence: D. S. Dendrinos,
University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045. Location: Rutgers
University Library, New Brunswick, NJ.
64:10046 Lemmi, Enrica. The
national settlement system of Italy at the beginning of the 1990s.
Geographia Polonica, Vol. 66, 1995. 51-64 pp. Warsaw, Poland. In Eng.
"The paper presents recent changes in the Italian settlement
system and variations in urban hierarchical relations. Functional
classification of towns and their new position compared with the
situation at the beginning of [the] 1980s is...proposed in terms of
three categories of cities, medium-sized towns and small towns. The
analysis and verification attempted in this study have revealed a
marked reduction in the number of small towns as well as shifts in
functional characteristics within urban areas in
Italy."
Correspondence: E. Lemmi, University of Pisa,
Department of Environmental and Spatial Sciences, Via S. Giuseppe 22,
56100 Pisa, Italy. Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
64:10047 Nagle, Garrett.
Population dynamics in Ciskei. Geography Review, Vol. 8, No.
4, Mar 1995. 25-30 pp. Deddington, England. In Eng.
"Population density is one of the most widely-used statistics
in human geography. Maps showing areas of high and low density
illustrate stark contrasts which result from the interplay of numerous
forces. In South Africa political developments during the apartheid era
have left a long-lasting impression upon population distribution and
density. Conditions in one former homeland, Ciskei, are
examined."
Correspondence: G. Nagle, St. Edward's
School, Department of Geography, Oxford, England. Location:
Indiana University Library, Bloomington, IN.
64:10048 Schröder, Peter.
The representation of population density in school atlases: a
critical examination of population maps. [Zur Darstellung der
Bevölkerungsdichte in Schulatlanten: Bevölkerungskarten
kritisch untersucht.] Zeitschrift für den Erdkundeunterricht, Vol.
49, No. 2, 1997. 42-8 pp. Berlin, Germany. In Ger.
The author
critiques the way population density is represented in school atlases,
focusing on those used in German-speaking countries. After a discussion
of the methodological problems underlying such representations, he
selects examples from several German atlases to illustrate the
transmission of contradictory, misleading, or out-of-date information.
He also suggests ways to improve this situation, including better
teaching of underlying cartographical issues and the use of a dot
system to illustrate population density.
Location: New York
Public Library, New York, NY.
64:10049 Tobler, Waldo; Deichmann, Uwe;
Gottsegen, Jon; Maloy, Kelly. World population in a grid
of spherical quadrilaterals. International Journal of Population
Geography, Vol. 3, No. 3, Sep 1997. 203-25 pp. Chichester, England. In
Eng.
"We report on a project that converted subnational
population data to a raster of cells on the earth. We note that studies
using satellites as collection devices yield results indexed by
latitude and longitude. Thus it makes sense to assemble the terrestrial
arrangement of people in a compatible manner. This alternative is
explored here, using latitude/longitude quadrilaterals as bins for
population information....The results to date of putting world boundary
coordinates together with estimates of the number of people are
described. The estimated 1994 population of 219 countries, subdivided
into 19,032 polygons, has been assigned to over six million five minute
by five minute quadrilaterals covering the
world."
Correspondence: W. Tobler. University of
California, Department of Geography, Santa Barbara, CA 93106-4060.
E-mail: tobler@geog.ucsb.edu. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
Studies of urban populations, including those of metropolitan areas and suburban and semi-urban zones. Also includes studies on urbanization insofar as they relate to the effects of migration on urban areas or the socioeconomic and demographic structure of urban populations. Studies on the actual process of rural-urban migration are coded under H.6. Rural-Urban Migration.
64:10050 Arn, Jack. Third World
urbanization and the creation of a relative surplus population: a
history of Accra, Ghana to 1980. Review: Fernand Braudel Center,
Vol. 19, No. 4, Fall 1996. 413-44 pp. Binghamton, New York. In Eng.
"The World Bank has established Third World urbanization and
urban poverty as primary foci for Development studies in the 1990s. Yet
little renewed attention has been paid to the theorization of the issue
in the context of overall Third World development/underdevelopment.
This article uses the case of Accra, Ghana to demonstrate the
contribution a synthetic World Systems/Dependency approach can have in
understanding the historical genesis of urban poverty and the spatial
exclusion of the poor in areas such as Nima. In particular Marx's
notion of the processes involved in the creation of a relative surplus
population provides some conceptual
insight."
Correspondence: J. Arn, University of Hong
Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China. Location: Princeton
University Library (FST).
64:10051 Beer, Andrew. Regional
cities in Australia's changing urban system. Geographia Polonica,
Vol. 66, 1995. 33-49 pp. Warsaw, Poland. In Eng.
"There is
evidence that Australia's urban system is changing. Since the mid-1970s
there has been growth in the number and total population of regional
cities. It is argued that this growth is a product of restructuring and
the de-regulation of the Australian economy. Regional cities have
become more prominent in the national economy as centres for
manufacturing, as a consequence of the growth of tourism and recreation
industries, through the decline in some areas of smaller urban
settlements and as a result of new mining
developments."
Correspondence: A. Beer, Flinders
University of South Australia, Faculty of Social Sciences, Geography
Discipline, G.P.O. Box 2100 Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:10052 Bibby, Peter; Shepherd,
John. Projecting rates of urbanisation in England,
1991-2016: method, policy application and results. Town Planning
Review, Vol. 68, No. 1, Jan 1997. 93-124 pp. Liverpool, England. In
Eng.
"The rate of conversion of land from rural to urban uses
has been a central concern of the British planning system. Despite this
interest, however, the factual basis of the debate on the pace of urban
growth, its form and distribution has been extremely weak. The reason
for this is lack of appropriate data. This paper reports research on
two new data sources on land use--a digital database of the boundaries
of tracts of urban land in 1981 and 1991 and the Land Use Change
Statistics--to analyse recent urban growth in England and, in
conjunction with current household projections, to estimate the likely
extent of urbanisation in 2016. In addition to assessing the
geographical distribution of this growth, the paper draws out some
implications for policy analysis of the method of projecting the extent
of land in urban use."
Correspondence: P. Bibby,
University of Sheffield, Department of Town and Regional Planning,
Sheffield S10 2TN, England. Location: Princeton University
Library (UES).
64:10053 Black, Duncan; Henderson,
Vernon. Urban growth. NBER Working Paper, No. 6008,
Apr 1997. 48 pp. National Bureau of Economic Research [NBER]:
Cambridge, Massachusetts. In Eng.
"This paper models and
examines empirically the evolution of cities in an economy [like that
of the United States]....Each type of city has a particular industrial
composition and good(s) it specializes in and corresponding equilibrium
size. This evolution is modeled in an economy with exogenous population
growth and endogenous human capital accumulation....Different types of
cities grow in parallel in size and human capital accumulation.
However, per capita income and human capital levels differ across city
types by production process and benefits of human investments and
spillovers, so there is observed inequality across cities among
otherwise identical individuals."
Correspondence:
National Bureau of Economic Research, 1050 Massachusetts Avenue,
Cambridge, MA 02138. Second author's E-mail: j_henderson@brown.edu.
Location: Princeton University Library (PF).
64:10054 Bonine, Michael E.
Population, poverty, and politics in Middle East cities. ISBN
0-8130-1474-3. LC 96-21377. 1997. x, 361 pp. University Press of
Florida: Gainesville, Florida. In Eng.
This collection of essays
examines issues such as population, poverty, and politics related to
rapid urbanization in the Middle East, and is the product of an
international symposium held in Tucson, Arizona, in March 1993. The
contributions are arranged in four main sections: Municipal government,
urban planning, and conserving the urban past; Poverty and
marginalization in the urban Middle East; Health and gender and the
urban environment; and Islam and politics: war, revolution, and protest
in the Middle Eastern city.
Correspondence: University
Press of Florida, 15 Northwest 15th Street, Gainesville, FL 32611.
Location: Princeton University Library (FST).
64:10055 Clark, David. Urban
world/global city. ISBN 0-415-14436-1. LC 95-26472. 1996. xii, 211
pp. Routledge: New York, New York/London, England. In Eng.
This
book is concerned with contemporary global urbanization. "It
analyses the distribution and growth of towns and cities and explores
the social and behavioural characteristics of urban living. Individual
chapters focus upon populations and places, urban growth and
urbanisation, urban development as a global phenomenon, lifestyles in
the city, global urban society, world cities, and the urban future.
Emphasis throughout is placed upon the world scale, urban developments
being linked to the emergence of a global economy and society.
Attention is directed equally to urban patterns and processes in
developing and developed areas which are seen as common consequences of
the emergence of capitalism as the dominant economic
system."
Correspondence: Routledge, 11 New Fetter
Lane, London EC4P 4EE, England. Location: Princeton University
Library (FST).
64:10056 Drakakis-Smith, David; Dixon,
Chris. Sustainable urbanization in Vietnam. Geoforum,
Vol. 28, No. 1, 1997. 21-38 pp. Oxford, England. In Eng.
"This
paper examines the nature of [urban-based economic growth in Viet Nam]
and contends that the present [sizes] of Ho Chi Minh City and Hanoi are
much greater than official figures suggest. It then goes on to review
the situation with regard to urban poverty, basic needs and the
environment to illustrate the extent to which this unacknowledged
growth is not only threatening the sustained expansion of those cities,
but also the sustainability of the economic growth on which the country
is so reliant."
Correspondence: D. Drakakis-Smith,
University of Liverpool, Department of Geography, Roxby Building,
Liverpool L69 3BX, Merseyside, England. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
64:10057 Emmanuel, R. Urban
vegetational change as an indicator of demographic trends in cities:
the case of Detroit. Environment and Planning B: Planning and
Design, Vol. 24, No. 3, May 1997. 415-26 pp. London, England. In Eng.
"In this study the author seeks to find whether changes in
urban vegetation can be linked to urban social changes by using Detroit
[Michigan] as a case study. Demographic trends in Detroit are analyzed
in light of the increasing greenness in the city detected by recent
satellite images. Robust relationships between greenness change and
demographic factors associated with urban decay (population decline, an
increase in poverty level, and an increase in vacant units) are
found....It is concluded that vegetation trends could be used as
indicators of urban socioeconomic changes. A vegetation-based urban
environmental quality index could therefore be developed to monitor
physical and social changes in the cities."
Correspondence:
R. Emmanuel, University of Moratuwa, Faculty of Architecture,
Moratuwa, Sri Lanka. Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
64:10058 Faibusovich, E. L. The
demographic situation in the towns of Russia. [Demograficheskaya
situatsiya v gorodakh Rossii.] Izvestiya Russkogo Geograficheskogo
Obshchestva, Vol. 125, No. 1, 1993. 28-34 pp. St. Petersburg, Russia.
In Rus.
This is a review of trends in urbanization in Russia using
official data for 1989. The author suggests a system for the
classification of cities with populations over 50,000. Using this
system, the distribution of cities of various types by economic region
is analyzed.
Location: Center for Research Libraries,
Chicago, IL.
64:10059 Frankhauser, Pierre. The
fractal approach: a new tool for the spatial analysis of urban
agglomerations. [L'approche fractale: un nouvel outil de
réflexion dans l'analyse spatiale des agglomérations
urbaines.] Population, Vol. 52, No. 4, Jul-Aug 1997. 1,005-40 pp.
Paris, France. In Fre. with sum. in Eng; Spa.
"Fractal
geometry is a new approach for the study of spatial
distributions....The methods of fractal analysis can be used to study
the spatial organization of human activities across scales. The
regularities and the discontinuities in the distributions can then be
identified. These discontinuities can be spatially situated. Applying
this concept to urbanized areas has shown that districts can be defined
and classified according to their scaling relations, thereby allowing
development of a typology of locational patterns....An examination of
time series shows that despite the apparent fragmentation of these
urban tissues, urbanization is often accompanied by structured
development."
Correspondence: P. Frankhauser,
Université de Franche-Comté, 32 rue Mégevand,
25030 Besançon, France. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
64:10060 Kant, Surya.
Urbanisation in Himachal Pradesh during the present century.
Population Geography, Vol. 17, No. 1-2, Jun-Dec 1995. 49-64 pp.
Chandigarh, India. In Eng.
"The paper examines urbanisation in
Himachal Pradesh [India] in terms of size, growth, evolution, site and
functional characteristics of urban centres for [the] 1901-91 period.
In addition, the role played by the changing political and
administrative geography has also been
considered."
Correspondence: S. Kant, Panjab
University, Department of Geography, Chandigarh 160 014, India.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:10061 Korcelli, Piotr. Urban
restructuring in East-Central Europe: selected questions.
Geographia Polonica, Vol. 66, 1995. 7-12 pp. Warsaw, Poland. In Eng.
"Several...arguments related to urban development in
East-Central Europe are proposed in this article. Firstly, the concept
of the socialist city is shown to be only partly relevant in the
present context. Secondly, limited evidence is found in support of the
often anticipated rapid population concentration in the national urban
systems. Thirdly, major metropolitan centres in East-Central Europe are
shown to be entering into competition with their counterparts in
West-Central Europe."
Correspondence: P. Korcelli,
Polish Academy of Sciences, Institute of Geography and Spatial
Organization, ul. Krakowskie Przedmiescie 30, 00-927 Warsaw, Poland.
Location: Princeton University Library (FST).
64:10062 Merlin, Pierre. Urban
growth. [La croissance urbaine.] Que Sais-Je?, No. 1843, ISBN
2-13-046451-3. 1994. 128 pp. Presses Universitaires de France: Paris,
France. In Fre.
This is a general study on the phenomenon of
urbanization. Chapters are included on the causes, objectives, stages,
types, importance, and consequences of urban growth. The geographical
scope is worldwide.
Correspondence: Presses Universitaires
de France, 108 Boulevard Saint-Germain, 75006 Paris, France.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:10063 Ouyyanont, Porphant.
Bangkok's population and the ministry of the capital in early 20th
century Thai history. Southeast Asian Studies, Vol. 35, No. 2, Sep
1997. 240-60 pp. Kyoto, Japan. In Eng.
"This paper...focuses
on two related themes which together enable us to put the emergence of
Bangkok as a primate city in the 19th century in clearer perspective.
First, we review population estimates for Bangkok. Here, the major
point is this: Bangkok's population was much smaller than often
suggested in the 19th century....As long as the area of Bangkok was
confined, and the population small, city regulation could be maintained
within the traditional Siamese social structures, with Bangkok being,
in effect, a royal domain....The second part of our paper looks at the
creation and the role of the Ministry of the Capital, formed in
1892....The linking [of] Bangkok administrative structure with royal
interests produced both a physical and economic stamp on Bangkok which
has had an enduring effect on Bangkok's
development."
Correspondence: P. Ouyyanont, Sukhothai
Thammathirat Open University, School of Economics, Pakkred, Nonthaburi
11120, Thailand. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:10064 Parysek, Jerzy J.; Kotus,
Jacek. Development patterns of Polish towns in the years
1950-1990 (a synthesis of the postwar urbanisation process).
Geographia Polonica, Vol. 66, 1995. 87-110 pp. Warsaw, Poland. In Eng.
"The article presents the results of studies of the
development of Polish towns by size categories. They allowed a
synthetic evaluation of the process of urbanisation based on a
multivariate analysis of the growth dynamics of 60 largest towns and an
analysis of the development trajectories of the particular size groups
of towns."
Correspondence: J. J. Parysek, Adam
Mickiewicz University, Institute of Socio-Economic Geography and
Spatial Planning, ul. Fredry 10, 61-701 Poznan, Poland. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
64:10065 Shukla, Vibhooti.
Urbanization and economic growth. ISBN 0-19-563725-9. 1996.
xv, 483 pp. Oxford University Press: Delhi, India. In Eng.
This
book brings together the main writings of the late Vibhooti Shukla on
urbanization and economic development. The 19 papers are organized
under the following topics: City size, productivity, and policy
instruments; Agglomeration and migration; Rural migration to an Indian
metropolis--examining the microfoundations of the Harris-Todaro
paradigm; Sectoral versus spatial considerations; City structure and
employment dynamics; Consequences of urban growth; and Research
agenda.
Correspondence: Oxford University Press, YMCA
Library Building, Jai Singh Road, New Delhi 110 001, India.
Location: Princeton University Library (FST).
64:10066 van der Haegen, Herman; Juchtmans,
Greet; Kesteloot, Christian. Multicultural Brussels: a
sociodemographic approach. In: Population and family in the Low
Countries 1996/1997: selected current issues, edited by Hans van den
Brekel and Fred Deven. 1997. 73-99 pp. Nederlands Interdisciplinair
Demografisch Instituut [NIDI]: The Hague, Netherlands; Centrum voor
Bevolkings- en Gezinsstudiën [CBGS]: Brussels, Belgium. In Eng.
"This study starts with a short history of [Brussels,
Belgium], its transition from Dutch-speaking capital of the Southern
Netherlands to a bilingual city at the border of the Roman and Germanic
culture areas, and most recently to the multicultural capital of
Europe. The study also comprises an analysis of the concentrations of
foreigners in Brussels. It focuses on where they choose to live, which
is a function of their origin as well as of their present social
status."
Correspondence: H. van der Haegen,
Université Catholique de Louvain, van Evenstraat 2C, 3000
Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
64:10067 Zheng, Xiao-Ping.
Measuring optimal population distribution by agglomeration
economies and diseconomies: a case study of Tokyo. Urban Studies,
Vol. 35, No. 1, Jan 1998. 95-112 pp. Abingdon, England. In Eng.
"This paper presents an empirical study on the optimality of
population distribution within the Tokyo metropolitan area. By taking
into account the effects of agglomeration economies and diseconomies on
the urban business firms' and households' behaviour, a benefit function
and a cost function are obtained that are dependent on the distribution
of urban population. Using statistical data from the Tokyo metropolitan
area, estimates are made of these agglomeration-related benefit and
cost functions, and the related population density functions as well. A
comparison between the estimated benefit and cost functions shows that
the distribution of population is optimal around the central and
peripheral cities but non-optimal in between them, and the global city
size of the whole area is optimal."
Correspondence:
X.-P. Zheng, University of Tsukuba, Institute of Policy and
Planning Sciences, Tsukuba 305, Japan. E-mail:
zheng@shako.sk.tsukuba.ac.jp. Location: Princeton University
Library (UES).
Studies of agricultural and farming populations.
64:10068 Spencer, David.
Counterurbanisation and rural depopulation revisited: landowners,
planners and the rural development process. Journal of Rural
Studies, Vol. 13, No. 1, Jan 1997. 75-92 pp. Oxford, England. In Eng.
"This paper reopens the debate between Weekley (1988) and
Rowsell (1989) over why pockets of depopulation have persisted within
parts of rural Britain which have experienced net growth through
counterurbanisation. It argues that Weekley has not fully appreciated
the context for local population losses, namely the emergence of a new
structural relationship between people, households, and dwellings, and
the growing tension between production and consumption interests in
rural locales. Moreover, the paper disputes claims that depopulation is
triggered by the actions of either the landowner or the planner.
Drawing on case study material informed by critical realism, it argues
that planners and landowners have been drawn into an asymmetrical power
relationship. This has tended to buttress landed interests and, in so
doing, reproduce mechanisms which protect the less populous communities
from growth and change."
Correspondence: D. Spencer,
University of Reading, Department of Geography, Whiteknights, P.O. Box
227, Reading RG6 6AB, England. Department E-mail:
Department@geog1.reading.ac.uk. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
