Studies concerned with the relations between population factors as a whole and economic aspects. Relations affecting a single demographic variable and economic factors are coded under the variable concerned and cross-referenced to this division, if appropriate.
Studies concerned equally with economic and social development. Most studies on the microeconomics of the family will be found in G.2. Family and Household and cross-referenced to this division, if appropriate.
Studies on economic and social development with a worldwide emphasis, together with those with no geographical emphasis.
63:40616 Canton, Erik; Meijdam, Lex.
Altruism and the macroeconomic effects of demographic changes.
Journal of Population Economics, Vol. 10, No. 3, 1997. 317-34 pp.
Berlin, Germany. In Eng.
"In this paper we show that the
macroeconomic effects of demographic changes strongly depend on the
degree of altruism and on the specification of the intertemporal
utility function. We allow for agents either to be altruistic in the
sense of Barro (1974) or non-altruistic. In the latter case,
generations are heterogeneous like in the `unloved children' model of
Weil (1989). In the former case, where the model is a standard Ramsey
model with identical agents, we distinguish a Millian and a Benthamite
intertemporal utility function. For each of these models, we study the
effects of an anticipated and unanticipated permanent decline in
population growth as well as the consequences of a baby-boom/baby-bust
scenario."
Correspondence: L. Meijdam, Tilburg
University, Department of Economics, P.O. Box 90153, 5000 LE Tilburg,
Netherlands. E-mail: a.c.meijdam@kub.nl. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
63:40617 Chesnais, Jean-Claude.
Population and the world economy: the new Pacific factor. [La
population et l'économie mondiale: une nouvelle donne
pacifique.] In: La population du monde: enjeux et problèmes,
edited by Jean-Claude Chasteland and Jean-Claude Chesnais. 1997. 563-84
pp. Presses Universitaires de France: Paris, France; Institut National
d'Etudes Démographiques [INED]: Paris, France. In Fre.
The
progress of the world's most populous countries toward socioeconomic
development since 1950 is first described. Next, the author outlines
the main points in the debate about the relationship between population
growth and development, as well as the implications for development
planning. Finally, he considers how the division of the world into
major economic areas for the purposes of analysis needs to be
reconsidered in the light of recent changes, particularly the rise to
prominence of Asian economies.
Correspondence: J.-C.
Chesnais, Institut National d'Etudes Démographiques, 27 rue du
Commandeur, 75675 Paris Cedex 14, France. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
63:40618 Sadik, Nafis. Population
and development linkages: new research priorities after the Cairo and
Beijing conferences. NIDI Hofstee Lecture Series, No. 3, 1996. 25
pp. Nederlands Interdisciplinair Demografisch Instituut [NIDI]: The
Hague, Netherlands. In Eng.
This is the text of a lecture presented
in 1996 as part of the NIDI Hofstee lecture series. "The lecture
addresses research priorities in the field of population and
sustainable development. The 1994 International Conference on
Population and Development (ICPD), and the Programme of Action which
was agreed upon at that conference, form the background of these
research needs and priorities which are outlined, as well as the
outcomes of other international conferences....The comment stresses,
amongst others, the relevance of population issues within an integrated
approach to development and calls attention to short term needs
vis-à-vis long term objectives." A comment by P. Burkman is
included (pp. 19-23).
Correspondence: Netherlands
Interdisciplinary Demographic Institute, Postbus 11650, 2502 AR The
Hague, Netherlands. Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
63:40619 Strulik, Holger.
Learning-by-doing, population pressure, and the theory of
demographic transition. Journal of Population Economics, Vol. 10,
No. 3, 1997. 285-98 pp. Berlin, Germany. In Eng.
"The present
paper discusses the long-run effects of two interdependent relations
between economic and population growth. According to a frequently used
formulation of the population-push hypothesis, learning-by-doing
effects in production lead to increasing returns to scale and,
therefore, to a positive correlation between economic and population
growth. In accordance to the theory of demographic transition the
population growth rate initially increases with rising income levels
and then declines. Regarding this relationship, the existence and
stability of a low-income equilibrium and a high-income equilibrium
will be shown in a neoclassical growth model....The result yields a
meaningful interpretation of the population push hypothesis, which is
consistent with the empirical findings on the correlation between
economic and population growth."
Correspondence: H.
Strulik, University of Hamburg, Department of Economics, Von Melle Park
5, 20146 Hamburg, Germany. E-mail: strulik@hermes1.econ.uni-hamburg.de.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
General studies on the relations between population factors and economic development in developing countries. Includes studies on dependency as they relate to developing countries.
63:40620 Chazit, André; Cohen, Roger;
Coupat, Katy; Delaulle, Bernard; Fresnois, Michel; Gonnet, Michel;
Hérique, Monique; Journet, Pierre-Henri; Lescel,
François; Mottet, Gérard; Mutin, Georges; Nicolas,
Jean-Louis; d'Olier, Jean; Pellon, Gérard. Water,
demography and development in the Maghreb. [Eau,
démographie et développement au Maghreb.] Athéna,
No. 1-2, 1996. 225-61 pp. Paris, France. In Fre.
The authors focus
on analyzing the interrelations between water supply and the
demographic situation in Morocco, Algeria, and Tunisia from a French
perspective. After several sections on various aspects of the water
supply in the region, the demographic development of northern Africa is
addressed. There are brief sections on recent demographic trends,
urban-rural differences, education, employment, housing, and the food
supply. Questions concerning the water supply and health issues are
also examined. In their conclusions, the authors discuss the
interdependence of the developing and developed Mediterranean
countries, and suggest how the industrialized nations and particularly
France might address some of the issues raised.
Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
63:40621 Cincotta, Richard P.; Engelman,
Robert. Economics and rapid change: the influence of
population growth. Population Action International Occasional
Paper, No. 3, Oct 1997. 30 pp. Population Action International:
Washington, D.C. In Eng.
Some recent findings concerning the
relationship between population growth and economic change are
summarized in this report. The authors conclude that recent data make
clear that, during the 1980s, on average, population growth dampened
the growth of per capita gross domestic product, particularly in the
poorest countries. "More positively, declines in human fertility
in the 1970s and 1980s almost certainly helped fuel explosive economic
growth during the 1980s and early 1990s in such East Asian countries as
South Korea, Taiwan, Singapore, the former Hong Kong Territory,
Thailand, Indonesia and Malaysia."
Correspondence:
Population Action International, 1120 19th Street NW, Suite 550,
Washington, D.C. 20036. Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
63:40622 Cuthbertson, Sandy; Cole,
Rodney. Population growth in the South Pacific island
states: implications for Australia. Pub. Order No. 94 3045 4. ISBN
0-644-27086-1. 1995. xiv, 54 pp. Bureau of Immigration, Multicultural
and Population Research: Melbourne, Australia; Australian Government
Publishing Service: Canberra, Australia. In Eng.
Future population
trends in the South Pacific islands are analyzed, and the prospects for
major problems with regard to rapid population growth, poor economic
performance, and environmental damage, which would lead to increased
demand for immigration to Australia, are assessed. The authors reject
the doomsday scenario; they suggest that economic and social systems
are adjusting to the continuing pressures, and that rates of population
growth will probably decline to manageable levels with successful
economic development and the growth of the practice of family planning.
The role of emigration and remittances in island economies is examined.
The authors conclude that, although the need for Australian assistance
with development aid and family planning continues, it is not necessary
to change Australia's immigration policy in response to conditions in
the South Pacific island countries.
Correspondence: Bureau
of Immigration Research, P.O. Box 659, South Carlton, Victoria 3053,
Australia. Location: University of Michigan Library, Ann
Arbor, MI.
63:40623 Gill, Kanwaljit K.
Population growth, family size and economic development. ISBN
81-7100-711-2. LC 95-905847. 1995. ix, 172 pp. Deep and Deep
Publications: New Delhi, India. In Eng.
This is an analysis of the
relationships among population growth, family size, and economic
development in India, with the focus on the situation in the Punjab for
the period 1961-1981. The analysis is undertaken at the district level,
and consideration is given to differences in fertility behavior by
social class.
Correspondence: Deep and Deep Publications,
F-159 Rajouri Garden, New Delhi 110 027, India. Location: U.S.
Library of Congress, Washington, D.C.
63:40624 Mahadevan, Kuttan; Tuan, Chi-Hsien;
Yu, Jingyuan; Krishnan, P.; Sumangala, M. Differential
development and demographic dilemma: perspectives from China and
India. ISBN 81-7018-816-4. LC 94-906753. 1994. xxiv, 416 pp. B. R.
Publishing: Delhi, India. In Eng.
This book focuses on the
relationship between population and development, and particularly on
the similarities and differences between China and India, the two most
populous countries in the world. It contains 21 chapters by various
authors, organized under four major topics: population policies and
programs; population characteristics, fertility, and mortality;
development and the demographic dilemma; and a profile of UNFPA's
Executive Director, Nafis Sadik.
Correspondence: B. R.
Publishing, D. K. Publishers Distributors (P), A-6 Nimri Community
Centre, Ashok Vihar, Phase IV, Delhi 110 052, India. Location:
New York University Library, New York, NY.
63:40625 Okore, Augustine; Gule,
Gugulethu. Issues in the demography of Swaziland. LC
93-982620. 1993. vii, 196 pp. University of Swaziland, Department of
Statistics and Demography: Kwaluseni, Swaziland. In Eng.
The aim of
this book is "to enhance knowledge and understanding of the
population of Swaziland and its interrelationships with development
variables....[It is] aimed at presenting what might be referred to as
[a] `state-of-the-art' report on different aspects of the demography of
Swaziland for the attention of government officials, planners,
parliamentarians, policymakers, researchers and the general
readership." Chapters are included on the population problem in
Swaziland; fertility, mortality, and migration; social and economic
features; population projections; development; family planning; women
and youth; and the migration labor system.
Correspondence:
University of Swaziland, Department of Statistics and Demography,
Private Bag 4, Kwaluseni, Swaziland. Location: U.S. Library of
Congress, Washington, D.C.
63:40626 Valdivia, Luis.
Population and economic growth in Colombia, 1900-1990.
[Población y crecimiento económico en Colombia,
1900-1990.] ISBN 958-670-026-7. LC 96-110932. 1995. 185 pp. Universidad
del Valle, Facultad de Humanidades, Departamento de Geografía:
Cali, Colombia. In Spa.
The relationship between population
developments and economic growth in Colombia over the course of the
twentieth century is analyzed. The study examines how economic
developments such as the growth of a peasant economy, the development
of commercial agriculture, industrialization, and the regional
concentration of economic growth have affected population trends.
Consideration is given to changes in fertility and mortality, as well
as to natural increase and the demographic transition, age and sex
distribution, and migration.
Correspondence: Universidad
del Valle, Ciudad Universitaria, Meléndez, Apdo Aéreo
25360, Apdo Nacional 439, Cali, Valle del Cauca, Colombia.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
63:40627 Wei, Huilan; Bai, Jianming.
Poverty relief and development by way of out-immigration: new
opportunities for women's participation in development. Chinese
Journal of Population Science, Vol. 9, No. 1, 1997. 25-33 pp. New York,
New York. In Eng.
"Women's participation in development [in
China] is an issue of great social significance. A great deal of
attention should be paid to women's participation in the out-migration
project with the aim of eradicating poverty, which is an important part
of the general poverty relief strategy in Gansu Province....It is
highly necessary to analyze the status of women in areas that are the
origins and destinations of...organized migration, study their
participation and role in the migration process, discuss existing
problems, and raise proposals according to their participation in
migration."
Correspondence: H. Wei, Lanzhou
University, Demographic Research Institute, 78 Tianshui Road, 730000
Lanzhou, Gansu Province, China. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
Studies on the relations between population and economic factors as they affect the developed world. Also includes studies on the economic effects of a stationary or declining population, the effects of aging on the economy, retirement, and problems of economic dependency in developed countries.
63:40628 Beenstock, Michael; Fisher,
Jeffrey. The macroeconomic effects of immigration: Israel
in the 1990s. Weltwirtschaftliches Archiv/Review of World
Economics, Vol. 133, No. 2, 1997. 330-57 pp. Tübingen, Germany. In
Eng.
"In this paper we try to quantify the contribution of
immigration to the Israeli economy during the early 1990s. In doing so
we consider the effects of immigration on key macroeconomic variables
such as GDP, investment, consumption, the labor market, imports,
exports and the housing market....A base-run simulation is prepared for
1990-1994 assuming actual immigration. Thereafter a counterfactual
simulation is prepared assuming a reduction in immigration; the
difference between the two simulations estimates the contribution of
immigration to the relevant endogenous
variables."
Correspondence: M. Beenstock, Hebrew
University of Jerusalem, Department of Economics, Mount Scopus Campus,
Jerusalem 91905, Israel. Location: Princeton University
Library (PF).
63:40629 Ben-Porath, Yoram. The
entwined growth of population and product, 1922-1982. Journal of
Labor Economics, Vol. 15, No. 1, Part 2, Jan 1997. [18] pp. Chicago,
Illinois. In Eng.
This article "discusses aggregate-level
interactions between Jewish immigration and economic growth both in the
Jewish sector of Mandatory Palestine and in Israel". The
reciprocal effects of population and economic growth are discussed in
two sections on population as an engine of growth and the size of the
population and its relation to the economy. The author concludes that
"causality between population and [gross national] product runs
both ways....For the whole period 1922-1982, it is very clear that
immigration pushed the rate of increase of capital stock. For the
period from 1954 on, immigration responded to the growth rate of per
capita income or consumption."
Location: Princeton
University Library (IR).
63:40630 Blotevogel, Hans H.; King,
Russell. European economic restructuring: demographic
responses and feedbacks. European Urban and Regional Studies, Vol.
3, No. 2, 1996. 133-59 pp. Essex, England. In Eng.
The relationship
between economic restructuring in Europe and various aspects of
demographic change, such as demographic aging and fertility decline, is
examined. The focus is on changes in the labor market. "Changing
employment conditions--the growth of the secondary labour market, the
flexibilization of labour demand and increasingly also of supply,
growing female labour force participation rates, generally high ethnic
minority unemployment--reflect different aspects of the transition from
the Fordist to the postFordist regime as well as changing demographic
and life-style influences. Together they have deeply transformed the
European landscape of employment and unemployment. The specific role of
international migration is also analysed and it is seen to have
fundamentally altered between the Fordist and postFordist eras. Less
clear to interpret are changing internal migration patterns: has
counterurbanization stopped in response to restructuring and
integration and is a new postFordist population map unfolding? The
paper concludes by evaluating the nature of the relationship between
economic restructuring and population trends and identifying pointers
for future research."
Correspondence: H. H.
Blotevogel, Gerhard-Mercator-Universität, Gesamthochschule
Duisburg, Lotharstraße 65, 47057 Duisburg, Germany. Location:
Columbia University Library, New York, NY.
63:40631 Brunia, N.; Kok, L.
Demography and social security. [Demografie en sociale
zekerheid.] Maandstatistiek van de Bevolking, Vol. 45, No. 7, Jul 1997.
26-9 pp. Voorburg, Netherlands. In Dut. with sum. in Eng.
"Demographic developments have a great impact on developments
in social security....The [Netherlands] Ministry of Social Affairs and
Employment recently started the development of some new econometric
models to project the number of benefits in the labour market-related
social security acts. The demographic forecasts, macro-economic
developments and intended policy measures are the starting points of
the projections with the new models. The purpose of the models is to
gain more insight in the relations between population, economy and
policy measures."
Correspondence: N. Brunia,
Rijksuniversiteit Groningen, Economische Faculteit, Broerstraat 5, P.O.
Box 72, 9700 AB Groningen, Netherlands. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
63:40632 Compagnie, P. Public
pensions and demographic aging in a small open economy. [Pensions
publiques et vieillissement démographique dans une petit
économie ouverte.] Cahiers Economiques de Bruxelles, No. 147,
1995. 267-94 pp. Brussels, Belgium. In Fre.
Using the example of
Belgium, the impact of the two main causes of demographic
aging--fertility decline and increase in life expectancy--on the
financing of pensions and on the economic behavior of individuals is
analyzed. The results show that the economic behavior of individuals is
influenced to a far greater degree by increases in life expectancy than
by declines in fertility. In the long term, the author suggests that it
makes more sense to develop a system in which the retired rather than
the economically active bear the additional financial costs of
aging.
Correspondence: P. Compagnie, Université de
Liège, CREPP, Place du 20-Août 7, 4000 Liège,
Belgium. Location: World Bank, Joint Bank-Fund Library,
Washington, D.C.
63:40633 Disney, Richard. Can we
afford to grow older? A perspective on the economics of aging.
ISBN 0-262-04157-X. 1996. x, 344 pp. MIT Press: Cambridge,
Massachusetts/London, England. In Eng.
This book is concerned with
the economic consequences of the dramatic current and prospective
demographic changes that are occurring in Western industrialized
countries. There are chapters on the dependency burden aspects of
Social Security programs and intergenerational redistribution;
overlapping-generations models, feasible pension schemes, and aging
populations; Social Security: paying for past pension promises; private
pension plans in the demographic transition; productivity, wages, and
educational attainment: the impact of workforce aging; retirement: the
labor supply of older workers in an aging society; consumption and
saving: life-cycle behavior and population aging; financing health
care; and a public-choice perspective.
Correspondence: MIT
Press, 55 Hayward Street, Cambridge, MA 02142. Location:
Princeton University Library (FST).
63:40634 Inoue, Shunichi. The
population of Japan: a reverse trend and demographic aging. [La
population du Japon: reflux et vieillissement.] In: La population du
monde: enjeux et problèmes, edited by Jean-Claude Chasteland and
Jean-Claude Chesnais. 1997. 225-43 pp. Presses Universitaires de
France: Paris, France; Institut National d'Etudes Démographiques
[INED]: Paris, France. In Fre.
This is a general review of current
demographic trends in Japan and some of the problems they pose. Issues
examined include a projected decline in total population size beginning
around the year 2011, a shift in the age composition of the population
away from those of working age, and the stabilization of fertility at
below replacement levels. Particular attention is given to the factors
that have influenced changes in nuptiality. These include the effect of
the oil crisis on incomes, the increase in female education and
employment, the decline of the traditional family, and the mortality
decline. The paper concludes with an examination of the consequences of
demographic aging for the country.
Correspondence: S.
Inoue, Nihon University, 1-16-21 Kakinokizaka, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152,
Japan. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
63:40635 Rodríguez Sumaza,
Carmen. Demographic cycles: a socioeconomic
perspective. [Ciclos demográficos: una perspectiva
socioeconómica.] Sociología, No. 3, ISBN 84-7762-437-2.
LC 96-115660. 1994. 246 pp. Universidad de Valladolid, Secretariado de
Publicaciones: Valladolid, Spain. In Spa.
This study examines the
fertility cycles that occur in modern developed economies and their
relationships with economic changes and changes in the age structure of
the population, on the lines developed by Richard Easterlin. In
particular, the author uses an interdisciplinary approach to apply
these concepts to the situation in Spain in the second half of the
twentieth century. She concludes that the changes in fertility observed
are directly related to changes in the economic status of individuals,
which in turn are related to changes in the age structure. The extent
to which the results can be used to predict future trends in fertility
in Spain is examined.
Correspondence: Universidad de
Valladolid, Secretariado de Publicaciones, Plaza de Santa Cruz 8, 47002
Valladolid, Spain. Location: U.S. Library of Congress,
Washington, D.C.
63:40636 Stilwell, Frank.
Australia's population: is stability uneconomic? People and
Place, Vol. 5, No. 3, 1997. 1-6 pp. Clayton, Australia. In Eng.
"A review of the interlinkages between population growth and
its economic, social and environmental consequences [suggests that] a
range of advantages across all three dimensions would follow from the
stabilisation of Australia's population....[The article reflects] on
connections between economic performance and population policy which
suggest the need for a more balanced
perspective."
Correspondence: F. Stilwell, University
of Sydney, Department of Economics, NSW 2006, Australia. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
63:40637 van Hoorn, W.; de Beer, J.
Increase in labor force participation can reduce the impact of
aging. [Stijging arbeidsdeelname kan lasten van vergrijzing
beperken.] Maandstatistiek van de Bevolking, Vol. 45, No. 8, Aug 1997.
6-9 pp. Voorburg, Netherlands. In Dut. with sum. in Eng.
"The
number of persons aged 65 years or over [in the Netherlands] will
double until 2040. The impact of ageing can be reduced if labour force
participation rates increase. In a scenario assuming high economic
growth, the labour force can be expected to increase nearly as much as
the number of elderly persons until 2010. After 2010 the increase of
the number of people aged 65 years or over is so large, that only under
rather extreme assumptions [could] the relationship between the number
of elderly people and the labour force...be kept almost
constant...."
Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
Studies on the environment, quality of life, conservation, food production, etc., and their interrelations with population factors.
63:40638 Bilsborrow, Richard E.; Stupp,
Paul. Demographic processes, land, and the environment in
Guatemala. In: Demographic diversity and change in the Central
American Isthmus, edited by Anne R. Pebley and Luis Rosero-Bixby. 1997.
581-623 pp. RAND: Santa Monica, California. In Eng.
This article
identifies the mechanisms by which population growth and redistribution
in Guatemala affect the use of available land and agriculture through
patterns of internal migration and environmental degradation. Census
data are used to analyze trends in population and land use since 1950;
the authors then predict what is likely to happen up to the year 2030.
Information is given on deforestation, urbanization of agricultural
land, and the increase in land subject to erosion or
flooding.
Correspondence: R. E. Bilsborrow, University of
North Carolina, Carolina Population Center, University Square, 123 West
Franklin Street, Chapel Hill, NC 27516-3997. E-mail:
richard_bilsborrow@unc.edu. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
63:40639 Cartledge, Bryan.
Population and the environment: the Linacre Lectures 1993-4.
ISBN 0-19-854842-7. LC 96-133283. 1995. 191 pp. Oxford University
Press: Oxford, England. In Eng.
The main concern of this book and
the series of lectures from which it derives is the impact of
population growth upon the environment. The topic is approached from
many different angles in the eight chapters in this monograph. The book
includes: John Clarke's discussion of the relationship between the
terms "population" and "environment"; Geoffrey
Harrison's description of population growth from an evolutionary
perspective; Brian Heap's consideration of how genetic engineering
could provide food security and thereby help halt population growth;
Martin Parry's analysis of the potential effects of global warming on
world food supply; Pramilla Senanayake's view that sustainable
development can only be ensured when women and gender issues are
treated with the highest priority; Richard Harries's look at population
and birth control from an Anglican perspective; John Jukes's analysis
of population growth, family planning, and the environment from the
point of view of the Catholic Church; and Murray Feshbach's description
of population, health, and environmental crises in the former Soviet
Union.
Selected items will be cited in this or subsequent issues of
Population Index.
Correspondence: Oxford University Press,
Walton Street, Oxford OX2 6DP, England. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
63:40640 Clarke, John. Population
and the environment: complex interrelationships. In: Population
and the environment: the Linacre Lectures 1993-4, edited by Bryan
Cartledge. 1995. 6-31 pp. Oxford University Press: Oxford, England. In
Eng.
The author points out that global or national population
figures can be misleading and lead to oversimplifications of the
population-environment relationship. He stresses the importance of
recognizing that "the interrelationships between population and
environment are two way, that they vary greatly over time and space,
and that they are modified by a number of intervening factors, such as
the level and type of economic activities and technological
development, cultural systems, social welfare, political units, and
political decision-making. Too often the relationship between
population growth and environmental change has been portrayed
over-simplistically as a one-way process. There is a complex web of
direct and indirect interactions between diverse populations and
environments at local level which have varied aggregative effects at
global level."
Correspondence: J. Clarke, University
of Durham, Department of Geography, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE,
England. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
63:40641 Collomb, Philippe.
Population, resources, the environment, and development. [La
population, les ressources, l'environnement et le
développement.] In: La population du monde: enjeux et
problèmes, edited by Jean-Claude Chasteland and Jean-Claude
Chesnais. 1997. 535-61 pp. Presses Universitaires de France: Paris,
France; Institut National d'Etudes Démographiques [INED]: Paris,
France. In Fre.
This is a general review of the global relations
among population, the availability of natural resources, the
environment, and socioeconomic development. The author notes that,
however much fertility continues to decline, the world's population
will almost certainly double its present size, and that the demand for
food will increase along with rising standards of living. He concludes
that potential problems can be solved through effective international
cooperation, together with changes in the international division of
labor and some redistribution of wealth from rich to poor
countries.
Correspondence: P. Collomb, Comité
International de Coopération dans les Recherches Nationales en
Démographie, 27 rue du Commandeur, 75675 Paris Cedex 14, France.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
63:40642 Cronshaw, Mark B.; Requate,
Till. Population size and environmental quality.
Journal of Population Economics, Vol. 10, No. 3, 1997. 299-316 pp.
Berlin, Germany. In Eng.
"This paper presents a simple general
equilibrium analysis of first best allocations in an economy where a
consumption good is produced using labor. Production results in
pollution, which is a public bad. Pollution abatement can be achieved
either by restricting production or by using additional labor. We
consider how the first best allocation and Pigouvian tax vary with
population size. Consumers are unambiguously worse off when the
population is larger, but not necessarily due to increased pollution.
In fact, optimal policy on how pollution and labor should vary with
population size is very sensitive to preferences and technology. The
best response to an increase in population size might be either to
increase or to decrease emissions and/or labor, depending on functional
forms and parameters. However, given separable preferences and some
convexity, the optimal emissions tax increases, and the first best
level of per-capita consumption decreases with population
size."
Correspondence: M. B. Cronshaw, Institute of
Behavioral Science, Environment and Behavior Program, 1030 13th Street,
Boulder, CO 80302. E-mail: cronshaw@colorado.edu. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
63:40643 Ferrer Regales, Manuel; Peláez
López, Antonio. Population, ecology, and the
environment. [Población, ecología y medio ambiente.]
ISBN 84-313-1437-0. 1996. 285 pp. Ediciones Universidad de Navarra
[EUNSA]: Pamplona, Spain. In Spa.
This is a general study of global
population dynamics, with particular emphasis given to the ecological
and environmental consequences of rapid population growth and the
accompanying socioeconomic development. There are chapters on the
ecological and socioeconomic aspects; the components of population
growth; the theory of demographic transition; the causes of fertility
decline; demographic aging; future population prospects at the
continental and regional level; science, politics, and ideology; the
population of Spain; resources and development; natural resources and
sources of energy; development in the third world, including
inequalities and the impact of economic activities on the environment;
regional and urban problems; urbanization and cities; global warming
and climate changes; the ozone layer; biodiversity and species
extinction; sustainable development; and ecology for the
individual.
Correspondence: Ediciones Universidad de
Navarra, Plaza de los Sauces 1 y 2, 31010 Barañáin,
Navarre, Spain. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
63:40644 Feshbach, Murray.
Population, health, and environmental crises in the former Soviet
Union. In: Population and the environment: the Linacre Lectures
1993-4, edited by Bryan Cartledge. 1995. 165-84 pp. Oxford University
Press: Oxford, England. In Eng.
The author describes environmental
neglect and degradation in the former Soviet Union. He shows how
atmospheric and water pollution, combined with the near-collapse of
public health services, have helped both to reduce life expectancy--now
down to 59 years for Russian men--and to increase infant mortality,
giving Russia a negative rate of population growth for the first time
in this century.
Correspondence: M. Feshbach, Georgetown
University, Department of Demography, 37th and O Streets NW,
Washington, D.C. 20057. Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
63:40645 Grigg, David B. The
world's hunger: a review 1930-1990. Geography, Vol. 82, No. 3, Jul
1997. 197-206 pp. Sheffield, England. In Eng.
The changing patterns
of world hunger between 1930 and 1990 are described using data from a
number of sources, including the Food and Agriculture Organisation
(FAO). "This article traces the changing pattern of world
hunger....FAO has estimated the numbers suffering from chronic
under-nutrition in 1961-63, 1975, 1980 and 1990, but for regions only.
Calorie supplies per capita are available for all countries from the
1930s, and can be compared with estimates of requirements per capita.
Protein under-nutrition is most common among children under five;
estimates are available for regions from 1975 and 1990....These various
sources show that the proportion under-nourished has been in decline
since the 1960s and that the absolute number has also declined in
recent years. Most improvement has come in Latin America, North Africa
and parts of Asia. Africa is now the most severely affected
region."
Correspondence: D. B. Grigg, University of
Sheffield, Department of Geography, Winter Street, Sheffield S10 2TN,
England. Location: Princeton University Library (PR).
63:40646 Harrison, Geoffrey.
Population and environment--our nature and our fate: an
evolutionary perspective. In: Population and the environment: the
Linacre Lectures 1993-4, edited by Bryan Cartledge. 1995. 32-47 pp.
Oxford University Press: Oxford, England. In Eng.
"Our
biological nature is particularly pro-natalist and the availability of
technologies which decouple sexual behaviour from reproduction are not
likely in themselves to stabilize population growth. Further,
improvements in the quality of biological life, such as better
nutrition and less disease, are likely to improve fecundity, decrease
mortality, and exacerbate the population condition....Such hope as
there is lies in the cultivation of some other aspects of our nature,
such as environmental awareness and co-operative behaviour at every
level of social and political organization. Such co-operative behaviour
is surely a prerequisite of truly sustainable development. Clearly,
education has a critical role to play here."
Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
63:40647 Hayashi, Kenji; Gao,
Jianquan. Demographic impact on environment: a case study
in China focusing on CO2 emission. In: Research papers on
interrelationship between population growth in developing countries and
global environment, Volume II. Mar 3, 1997. 9-16 pp. National Institute
of Population and Social Security Research: Tokyo, Japan. In Eng.
The authors discuss the impact of demographic factors on carbon
dioxide emissions in China from 1982 to 1990. The contribution of
economic developments and energy efficiency on the level of such
emissions is considered.
Correspondence: K. Hayashi,
National Institute of Public Health, Department of Demography and
Health Statistics, 1-2-2 Kasumigaseki, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-45, Japan.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
63:40648 Heap, Brian. Genetic
engineering: progress, promises, and precepts. In: Population and
the environment: the Linacre Lectures 1993-4, edited by Bryan
Cartledge. 1995. 48-73 pp. Oxford University Press: Oxford, England. In
Eng.
"The impact of the growth rate in the human population on
the environment is far outstripping the recovery potential of the
Earth, and expectations have been raised that biotechnology, of which
genetic engineering is but one component, offers hope for the
future....Adopting biotechnology may offer future options for escaping
the Malthusian trap which, put simply, postulates that the universal
tendency for the population of a country to grow at a geometric rate
with food supplies expanding at a roughly arithmetic rate results in
poor nations that are unable to rise above their subsistence level per
capita income unless they check their population growth....We are faced
with inventing a future that includes genetic engineering which could
enlarge the options for the spacing of pregnancy, for enhanced food
security, and for reduced environmental
damage."
Correspondence: B. Heap, Biotechnology and
Biological Science Research Council, Institute of Animal Physiology and
Genetics Research, Babraham, Cambridge, England. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
63:40649 Hempel, Lamont C.
Population in context: a typology of environmental driving
forces. Population and Environment, Vol. 18, No. 5, May 1997.
439-61 pp. New York, New York. In Eng.
"This paper presents a
typology and qualitative model of causation for use in assessing the
relative contributions of population growth to problems of pollution,
lost biodiversity, and natural resource depletion. Population growth is
placed `in context' as one of eight key driving forces that shape
environmental quality today. It is treated primarily as an impact
`amplifier', along with technology. Root causes are traced to
paradigmatic beliefs--especially anthropocentrism and
contempocentrism--which find expression in unsustainable consumption
patterns and designs of political economy."
Correspondence:
L. C. Hempel, Claremont Graduate School, Center for Politics and
Economics, Claremont, CA 91711-6163. E-mail: hempelm@cgs.edu.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
63:40650 Imai, Hiroyuki. The
effect of urbanization on energy consumption. In: Research papers
on interrelationship between population growth in developing countries
and global environment, Volume II. Mar 3, 1997. 1-8 pp. National
Institute of Population and Social Security Research: Tokyo, Japan. In
Eng.
"After an overview on the relative importance of
increases in population and energy consumption per capita...the
significant relationship between the proportional size of the urban
population and energy consumption per capita is shown....The energy
consumption of the country with the largest population, China, is
analyzed with special attention being paid to three large
cities."
Correspondence: H. Imai, National Institute
of Population and Social Security Research, Department of International
Research and Cooperation, 1-2-2 Kasumigaseki, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-45,
Japan. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
63:40651 Ingman, Stanley R.; Pei, Xiaomei;
Ekstrom, Carl D.; Friedsam, Hiram J.; Bartlett, Kristy R.
An aging population, an aging planet, and a sustainable
future. Series in Social Policy, Community and Regional
Development, ISBN 1-885196-07-5. LC 96-157058. 1995. vii, 326 pp.
Center for Texas Studies: Denton, Texas. In Eng.
"The volume
is the product of a conference, An Aging Population, an Aging Planet,
and a Sustainable Future: Thinking Globally, Acting Locally, held on
February 26-28, 1995, at the University of North Texas in Denton,
Texas. The basic purpose of the conference was to examine the relation
between population aging and ecological development in order to explore
the ways in which older people can help societies meet the ecological
and social challenges facing our world....The twenty articles...have
been divided into six sections. The first two sections offer broader,
essentially global perspectives while the next two are devoted to
regional concerns. The fifth section addresses basic value issues that
population growth and aging raise for a sustainable future; the final
section is devoted to papers that suggest steps to be taken in facing
those issues."
Correspondence: University of North
Texas, Texas Institute for Research and Education on Aging, Center for
Texas Studies, Denton, TX 76203-3826. Location: U.S. Library
of Congress, Washington, D.C.
63:40652 Japan. National Institute of
Population and Social Security Research (Tokyo, Japan).
Research papers on interrelationship between population growth in
developing countries and global environment, Volume II. Research
Series, No. 290, Mar 3, 1997. 368 pp. Tokyo, Japan. In Eng.
"The present volume is the second output of a research
project, `Interrelationship between Population Growth in Developing
Countries and Global Environment'. This project has been conducted for
[the] three fiscal years of 1994, 1995, and 1996, [in a collaborative
effort involving] many scientists from China, Thailand and Japan. The
final symposium of the project was held on 18 and 19 October 1996 in
Tokyo....Many papers included in this volume are revised versions of
papers presented at the symposium....We have selected demographic
transition and urbanization as important phases of population and
development, and undertaken research on their connection to the
environmental problems, especially to global warming."
Selected
items will be cited in this or subsequent issues of Population
Index.
Correspondence: National Institute of Population and
Social Security Research, Ministry of Health and Welfare, 1-2-2
Kasumigaseki, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-45, Japan. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
63:40653 Kojima, Hiroshi.
Environmental determinants of demographic and health behaviours in
Asian countries. In: Research papers on interrelationship between
population growth in developing countries and global environment,
Volume II. Mar 3, 1997. 17-35 pp. National Institute of Population and
Social Security Research: Tokyo, Japan. In Eng.
"This study
aims to clarify the effects of environmental factors, particularly the
environmental health and the urban environment on fertility, morbidity
and mortality in six Asian countries (Indonesia, Pakistan, Philippines,
Sri Lanka, Thailand and Turkey) for which the DHS data are
available....In addition, we will introduce urban-rural residence as an
environmental variable and conduct separate analyses for each area
because it is considered to represent, in a way, an aggregation of
environmental factors. For urban residents, we will introduce migrant
status as an additional environmental variable because it can represent
different neighborhoods within the same urban
area."
Correspondence: H. Kojima, National Institute
of Population and Social Security Research, Department of International
Research and Cooperation, 1-2-2 Kasumigaseki, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-45,
Japan. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
63:40654 Lutz, Wolfgang.
Challenges for studying population-environment interactions in the
Arab region. IIASA Working Paper, No. 96-100, Aug 1996. vii, 16
pp. International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis [IIASA]:
Laxenburg, Austria. In Eng.
The author analyzes interrelations
among population, development, and environment in the Arab region.
"We will first look at different degrees of aridity and how they
affect human settlement patterns, with empirical [observations made]
in...19 Arab countries. Next, we will summarize our present
understanding about likely future trends in population growth and
climatic change in the Arab region. Finally, we will propose a strategy
of how to study the complex population environment interactions in a
more comprehensive and systematic way."
Correspondence:
International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, 2361
Laxenburg, Austria. E-mail: info@iiasa.ac.at. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
63:40655 Parry, Martin. The
potential effects of climate change on world food supply. In:
Population and the environment: the Linacre Lectures 1993-4, edited by
Bryan Cartledge. 1995. 74-98 pp. Oxford University Press: Oxford,
England. In Eng.
"This chapter reports the findings of a major
study undertaken by the Environmental Change Unit at Oxford, in
conjunction with Columbia University in New York City....There are two
main components to this study: the estimation of potential changes in
crop yield [resulting from potential climate changes], and the
estimation of world food trade responses." The results indicate
that "the effects on crop yields in mid- and high-latitude regions
appear to be less adverse than those in low-latitude regions....When
the economic implications of these changes in crop yields are explored
in a world food trade model, the relative ability of the world food
system to absorb impacts decreases with the magnitude of the impact.
Regional differences in effects remain noticeable: developed countries
are expected to be less affected by climate change than developing
economies....However, all the scenarios of future climate adopted in
this study increase the estimates of the number of people at risk from
hunger."
Correspondence: M. Parry, University College
London, Department of Environmental Management, Gower Street, London
WC1E 6BT, England. Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
63:40656 Pimentel, David; Huang, Xuewen;
Cordova, Ana; Pimentel, Marcia. Impact of population
growth on food supplies and environment. Population and
Environment, Vol. 19, No. 1, Sep 1997. 9-14 pp. New York, New York. In
Eng.
The authors discuss the effects of population growth on
"the resources that support human lives", with a focus on
food supply, fertile cropland, water, diseases, malnutrition, fossil
fuels, and food production systems. They conclude by pointing out that
"several studies have confirmed that to maintain a relatively high
standard of living, the optimum population should be less than 200
million for the United States and less than 2 billion for the
world...."
Correspondence: D. Pimentel, Cornell
University, 5126 Comstock Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853-0901. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
63:40657 Rodríguez, Jorge.
Population and relevant issues of the present social agenda.
[Población y temas relevantes de la actual agenda social.] Notas
de Población, Vol. 24, No. 64, Dec 1996. 105-54 pp. Santiago,
Chile. In Spa. with sum. in Eng.
"Various mechanisms are
involved in the interaction between population and the environment, and
they involve different demographic variables (for example, population
size, growth and its spatial distribution). The theoretical
effects--positive or negative, temporary or durable, causal or
circumstantial--are diverse. The different measures adopted to deal
with the critical relationships between the population and the
environment will depend on the prevalent approach. There are
instruments, based on specific theoretical standpoints, used to
identify the environmental impacts of demographic changes. The use of
these instruments, with some precautions, should allow the effective
integration of the population variables in environmental
management."
Correspondence: J. Rodríguez, UN
Centro Latinoamericano de Demografía, Edificio Naciones Unidas,
Avenida Dag Hammarskjold, Casilla 91, Santiago, Chile. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
63:40658 Satoh, Tetsuo. An
overview of population and environmental change in Thailand. In:
Research papers on interrelationship between population growth in
developing countries and global environment, Volume II. Mar 3, 1997.
37-53 pp. National Institute of Population and Social Security
Research: Tokyo, Japan. In Eng.
"This paper presents a report
on the trend of energy consumption and CO2 emission in Thailand during
the 1980s, when the country experienced rapid economic growth....The
analysis...reveals the importance of modern economic activity as a
determinant factor that basically regulates the environmental
loads....It is certain that industrialization promotes the increase of
fossil energy consumption, but at the same time, it is expected to
decelerate deforestation caused by the expansion of
farmland."
Correspondence: T. Satoh, Komazawa
University, Department of Geography, Faculty of Arts, 1-23-1 Komazawa,
Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 154, Japan. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
63:40659 Shrestha, Nanda R.; Conway,
Dennis. Ecopolitical battles at the Tarai frontier of
Nepal: an emerging human and environmental crisis. International
Journal of Population Geography, Vol. 2, No. 4, Dec 1996. 313-31 pp.
Chichester, England. In Eng.
"In Nepal, the drama of human and
environmental ills is increasingly being played out in the form of
peasants' ecopolitical battles over common land access and control,
such as in the Tarai frontier, a region bordering the Gangetic Plain of
India. This is a complex battle, pitting peasants' day-to-day survival
against environmental security on one front, and against the Nepalese
State and its dominant class interests on the other. This article
critically dissects this raging battle to gain a clear understanding of
its complexities as well as its diverse
roots."
Correspondence: N. R. Shrestha, Florida
A&M University, School of Business and Industry, Tallahassee, FL
32307-5200. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
63:40660 Smil, Vaclav. Global
population and the nitrogen cycle. Scientific American, Vol. 277,
No. 1, Jul 1997. 76-81 pp. New York, New York. In Eng.
The author
makes the case that feeding the rapidly increasing global population
over the course of the twentieth century has been possible only as a
result of the invention of the Haber-Bosch ammonia synthesis process in
the early part of the century, which made possible the synthetic
production of nitrogen fertilizer. About one-third of the protein
nourishing today's population is based on this source, and the author
concludes that virtually all the protein required to feed the
additional two billion people projected during the next two generations
will be based on synthetic nitrogen fertilizer as well. The
consequences of this increasing chemical dependency, including
environmental degradation, are discussed, and alternative options are
briefly reviewed.
Correspondence: V. Smil, University of
Manitoba, Department of Geography, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 2N2, Canada.
Location: Princeton University Library (SW).
63:40661 Tian, Xueyuan.
Population, environment and sustainable growth. In: Research
papers on interrelationship between population growth in developing
countries and global environment, Volume II. Mar 3, 1997. 179-88 pp.
National Institute of Population and Social Security Research: Tokyo,
Japan. In Eng.
The author discusses the interrelations among
population, environment, and sustainable development worldwide. Various
methods of achieving sustainable growth are explored and factors
contributing to environmental pollution are described. The situation in
China is reviewed.
Correspondence: X. Tian, Chinese Academy
of Social Sciences, Institute of Population Studies, 5 Jianguomen Nei
Da Jie 5 Hao, Beijing, China. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
63:40662 Wexler, Lee. Decomposing
models of demographic impact on the environment. IIASA Working
Paper, No. 96-85, Jul 1996. v, 18 pp. International Institute for
Applied Systems Analysis [IIASA]: Laxenburg, Austria. In Eng.
"Demographic Impact (DI) models are multiplicative identities
used to decompose environmental impacts into components due to
population, economic and technological change....This paper locates two
distinct approaches to DI model decomposition: The annual growth rate
decomposition and the multiplicative decomposition. Stable indices are
provided for each approach. Finally, the Divisia Index--a common price
index used by economists--is suggested as an appropriate method to
aggregate DI model results."
Correspondence:
International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, 2361
Laxenburg, Austria. E-mail: info@iiasa.ac.at. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
63:40663 Wexler, Lee. Improving
population assumptions in greenhouse gas emissions models. IIASA
Working Paper, No. 96-99, Aug 1996. vii, 28 pp. International Institute
for Applied Systems Analysis [IIASA]: Laxenburg, Austria. In Eng.
"This paper surveys the population assumptions in several
important models of global warming in the 1990s, including energy
models, integrated emissions models, and economic policy models. Choice
of population inputs, the role of population variables in model
equations, sensitivity analyses, and consideration of population policy
are all described."
Correspondence: International
Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, 2361 Laxenburg, Austria.
E-mail: info@iiasa.ac.at. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
Studies of employment and labor force statistics that are of demographic relevance. Includes studies of the labor force (employment status, occupation, and industry) and of the relations among employment, labor force participation, and population factors. Studies on the effect of female labor force participation on fertility are coded under F.1. General Fertility and cross-referenced here.
63:40664 Baker, Michael; Benjamin,
Dwayne. The role of the family in immigrants' labor-market
activity: an evaluation of alternative explanations. American
Economic Review, Vol. 87, No. 4, Sep 1997. 705-27 pp. Nashville,
Tennessee. In Eng.
"We evaluate some explanations of
immigrants' family labor-supply behavior [in Canada]. Upon arrival,
immigrant husbands work less than natives, but immigrant wives work
more. A conventional labor-supply model uses wage assimilation to
explain these differences but is not supported by the data. More
favorable results are obtained for the `family investment model', in
which wives in immigrant families take on `dead-end' jobs to finance
their husbands' investments in human capital. We conclude that family
composition is an important correlate of immigrants' assimilation, and
the family investment model can account for many of the patterns in the
data."
Correspondence: M. Baker, University of
Toronto, Department of Economics, 150 St. George Street, Toronto,
Ontario M5S 3G7, Canada. Location: Princeton University
Library (PF).
63:40665 Brown, Sarah; Sessions, John
G. A profile of UK unemployment: regional versus
demographic influences. Regional Studies, Vol. 31, No. 4, Jun
1997. 351-66 pp. Abingdon, England. In Eng. with sum. in Fre; Ger.
"This paper profiles the incidence of unemployment in the
[United Kingdom] over the period 1985-91 using data derived from the
British Social Attitudes Survey. The approach of the paper is to
quantify the differential probabilities of unemployment faced by
particular groups within the population, focusing in particular on the
relative effects of demographic and regional influences. Our results
indicate that, even after controlling for a plethora of demographic
characteristics, regional disparities in unemployment risk are
prevalent, with individuals in Northern Ireland, Wales, the North and
West Midlands of England facing a higher chance of unemployment ceteris
paribus."
Correspondence: S. Brown, Loughborough
University, Department of Economics, Leicestershire LE11 3TU, England.
Location: Princeton University Library (UES).
63:40666 Cai, Fang. Population
and surplus labor in rural China. In: Research papers on
interrelationship between population growth in developing countries and
global environment, Volume II. Mar 3, 1997. 163-77 pp. National
Institute of Population and Social Security Research: Tokyo, Japan. In
Eng.
The author "provides an analysis of the extent of labor
underemployment in agriculture [in China]....We also briefly describe
the imperfections in the labor market. Secondary data are used to
examine the difference between available work days in the rural
population versus the number of days required to produce given levels
of farm and other outputs."
Correspondence: F. Cai,
Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, Population Research Institute, 5
Jianguomen Nei Da Jie 5 Hao, Beijing, China. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
63:40667 Colard, A.; Marissal, P.;
Vandermotten, C.; Van Hamme, G. General census of
population and housing as of March 1, 1991: employment and regional
socioeconomic structures. [Recensement général de la
population et des logements au 1er mars 1991: emploi et structures
socio-économiques régionales.] Monographie, No. 6, 1997.
190 pp. Institut National de Statistique: Brussels, Belgium; Services
Fédéraux des Affaires Scientifiques, Techniques et
Culturelles: Brussels, Belgium. In Fre. with sum. in Eng.
This is
one in a planned series of 11 monographs presenting analyses of data
from the 1991 census of Belgium. In this report, the authors analyze
trends in employment over the course of the 1980s, with particular
attention given to the spatial organization of economic activity and
its evolution.
Correspondence: Institut National de
Statistique, 44 rue de Louvain, 8e étage, 1000 Brussels,
Belgium. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
63:40668 Dayan, Jean-Louis; Echardour, Annick;
Glaude, Michel. The professional career of immigrants in
France: a longitudinal analysis. [Le parcours professionnel des
immigrés en France: une analyse longitudinale.] In: Old and new
minorities/Anciennes et nouvelles minorités, edited by
Jean-Louis Rallu, Youssef Courbage, and Victor Piché. 1997.
113-46 pp. John Libbey Eurotext: Montrouge, France; Institut National
d'Etudes Démographiques [INED]: Paris, France. In Fre.
The
effect of country of origin on the professional development and social
mobility of immigrants in France is examined using data from a 1992
survey on the geographical mobility and social integration of
immigrants. The authors conclude that many of the barriers to upward
mobility faced by immigrants--due to their low socioeconomic status in
the country of origin and their lack of qualifications--are less
significant for their children raised in France. However, important
barriers to obtaining any kind of work persist for second-generation
immigrants from some countries, such as Algeria.
Correspondence:
J.-L. Dayan, Ministère du Travail et des Affaires Sociales,
Direction de l'Animation de la Recherche, des Etudes et des
Statistiques, 20 bis rue d'Estrées, 75700 Paris 07 SP, France.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
63:40669 Diserens, Marc-Etienne; Briant,
Henri; Boruvka, Jan. Production and reproduction: women
between spouse, children, and professional activity. [Production
et reproduction: la femme entre conjoint, enfants et activité
professionelle.] Statistique de la Suisse, ISBN 3-303-03066-9. 1996.
260 pp. Bundesamt für Statistik: Bern, Switzerland. In Fre. with
sum. in Ger.
This volume contains two separate analyses. The first
focuses on women's role in the labor force and the family in
Switzerland from 1970-1990, using data from the 1970, 1980, and 1990
censuses. The relation between the economic activity of women and the
number of children is examined, and the indirect costs of a child are
calculated by determining the income reduction associated with
dependent children of various ages. The second part uses data from the
1990 census to examine the economic activity of men and women in
households with and without children; the extent to which women's
economic activity is dependent on their family situation is
discussed.
Correspondence: Bundesamt für Statistik,
Hallwylstrasse 15, 3003 Bern, Switzerland. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
63:40670 Enchautegui, María E.
Immigration and county employment growth. Population Research
and Policy Review, Vol. 16, No. 5, Oct 1997. 493-511 pp. Dordrecht,
Netherlands. In Eng.
"In this paper I compare the effects of
natives and immigrants on county employment [in the United States].
Results show that the overall immigrant population contributes more to
increases in employment than the overall native population. Recent
immigrants and recent internal in-movers have similar effects on
employment growth. The net contribution of immigrants to employment
growth is confined to nonmanufacturing
employment."
Correspondence: M. E. Enchautegui, Urban
Institute, 2100 M Street NW, Washington, D.C. 20037. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
63:40671 Fleury, Stéphane; Weygold,
Serge-Alexandre; Ballin, GianNicola; Schneiter, Antony; Boruvka,
Jan. 1990 federal population census. The population at
work: socio-demographic and regional differences. [Recensement
fédéral de la population 1990. La population face au
travail: disparités socio-démographiques et
régionales.] Statistique de la Suisse, ISBN 3-303-03080-4. 1997.
308 pp. Bundesamt für Statistik: Bern, Switzerland. In Fre. with
sum. in Ger.
This study is in two parts. The first part analyzes
the sociodemographic and regional characteristics of the
non-economically active population in Switzerland, and considers the
reasons why both men and women do not work. The second part examines
the structure of employment in Switzerland, as well as the occupations
of the employed and their professional status. Both parts are based on
data from the 1990 census, and examine changes since
1970.
Correspondence: Bundesamt für Statistik,
Hallwylstrasse 15, 3003 Bern, Switzerland. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
63:40672 Hawthorne, Lesleyanne.
The question of discrimination: skilled migrants' access to
Australian employment. International Migration, Vol. 35, No. 3,
1997. 395-419 pp. Geneva, Switzerland. In Eng. with sum. in Fre; Spa.
"Following a decade of increasing non English-speaking
background (NESB) migration to Australia, including the migration of
unprecedented levels of NESB professionals, this article examines two
recent studies which report cases of direct and indirect labour market
discrimination....key findings include a growing trend to federal
government intervention (in alliance with the medical professional
bodies) to limit the entry and registration of migrant doctors, as well
as the potential for English language ability to negatively impact on
pre-registration examination outcomes."
Correspondence:
L. Hawthorne, University of Melbourne, Centre for Cultural Studies
in Health, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
63:40673 Puur, Allan. Changes in
economic activity of the population: case of Estonia.
Rahvastiku-Uuringud/Population Studies Series B, No. 31, ISBN
9985-820-31-2. 1997. 35 pp. Estonian Interuniversity Population
Research Centre: Tallinn, Estonia. In Eng.
"Based on the first
round of the national labour force survey [in Estonia], this paper
tries to outline the main [employment] trends and place them into the
comparative perspective of similar developments in Central and Eastern
European countries. Compared to earlier analyses on [the] Estonian
labour market which have drawn their evidence from administrative
sources, establishment surveys and small-scale surveys, the paper's
contribution lies with the newly-available individual-level data,
allowing for the application of internationally recommended statistical
definitions to [a] nationally representative
sample."
Correspondence: Estonian Interuniversity
Population Research Centre, P.O. Box 3012, 0090 Tallinn, Estonia.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
63:40674 Vernières, Michel.
The economically active population, employment, and training:
increasing problems. [Population active, emploi, formation: des
difficultés croissantes.] In: La population du monde: enjeux et
problèmes, edited by Jean-Claude Chasteland and Jean-Claude
Chesnais. 1997. 519-34 pp. Presses Universitaires de France: Paris,
France; Institut National d'Etudes Démographiques [INED]: Paris,
France. In Fre.
Issues surrounding the global labor force in light
of current demographic trends are examined. In particular, the author
analyzes the potential effect of declining population growth on job
provision and training.
Correspondence: M.
Vernières, Université de Paris I, Laboratoire d'Economie
Sociale, Unité de Recherche Associée au CNRS No. 941, 90
rue de Tolbiac, 75634 Paris Cedex 13, France. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
63:40675 Wakabayashi, Keiko.
Mobilization of farmers and decreasing farmland/food problem: an
essay on the population and the environment in China. In: Research
papers on interrelationship between population growth in developing
countries and global environment, Volume II. Mar 3, 1997. 355-68 pp.
National Institute of Population and Social Security Research: Tokyo,
Japan. In Eng.
The author discusses the problem of surplus labor in
China, with a focus on workers formerly employed in the agricultural
sector and their migration to more urban areas. The shortage of
agricultural workers and resources, and the simultaneous increase in
population size, are considered, and the future impact on food supply
and demand is analyzed.
Correspondence: K. Wakabayashi,
National Institute of Population and Social Security Research,
Department of Population Structure Research, Migration and Distribution
Studies Section, 1-2-2 Kasumigaseki, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-45, Japan.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
63:40676 Won, Jongwook. Factors
determining the labor participation rates of married women of different
income groups. Health and Social Welfare Review, Vol. 17, No. 1,
Summer 1997. 29-39 pp. Seoul, Republic of Korea. In Kor. with sum. in
Eng.
"This paper examines the factors that determine married
women's labor force participation. The main purpose of analysis is to
compare various factors including uncompensated wage effect and income
effect among low-income, middle-income, and high-income families....The
analysis shows that child-care is the main factor...deterring labor
participation of married women of low-income families....For married
women of high-income families, [size] of household [has] a strong
negative effect on probability of
labor-participation."
Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
