Studies and documentary statements relating to governmental policy as it affects population.
Studies relating primarily to national and international population policies and development assistance for population activities. Studies of policies affecting the quality of populations that are not covered by L.4. Demographic Factors and Human Genetics are classified under this heading.
63:30732 Rosenberg, Allison A.; Limber, Susan
P. The contributions of social science to family
policy. Journal of Social Issues, Vol. 52, No. 3, Fall 1996. 1-9
pp. Cambridge, Massachusetts. In Eng.
"The article examines
the legal context of U.S. family policy as well as the political
history of U.S. family policy from 1965 to 1996. The contributions that
social scientists have to make in policy formulation are noted. This
article ends by previewing the accompanying articles, which
collectively constitute a Journal of Social Issues treatment of family
policy. Those articles are grouped into three broad areas of family
policy (family structure, work, and health) representing the range of
policies that affect the formation and dissolution of families and the
health and economic well-being of family
members."
Correspondence: A. A. Rosenberg, 2101
Constitution Avenue, Washington, D.C. 20418. E-mail: arosenbe@nas.edu.
Location: Princeton University Library (SW).
63:30733 United Nations Population Fund
[UNFPA] (New York, New York). Population policies and
development strategies: post-ICPD perspectives. UNFPA Technical
Report, No. 27, ISBN 0-89714-331-0. 1995. 91 pp. New York, New York. In
Eng.
"This technical report presents the proceedings of the
ILO/UNFPA Workshop on Population Policies and Development Strategies,
which was held at ILO Headquarters in Geneva from 26 October-2 November
1994....The Workshop was organized around five basic themes: population
policy formulation and implementation; emerging approaches in
development planning and strategies; women, population and development;
new issues and fresh debates from the 1994 International Conference on
Population and Development (ICPD); and new directions in policy
formulation." The report also includes general conclusions and
recommendations as well as the opening addresses from the
workshop.
Correspondence: United Nations Population Fund,
220 East 42nd Street, New York, NY 10017. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
Government policies aimed at directly influencing fertility and nuptiality, and policies with an indirect effect on fertility such as family allowances, pregnancy and maternity benefits, infant welfare measures, and government regulation of fertility controls, including abortion.
63:30734 Calot, Gérard.
Pronatalist policies in developed countries. [Les politiques
natalistes dans les pays industrialisés.] In:
Démographie: analyse et synthèse. Causes et
conséquences des évolutions démographiques, Volume
3. Apr 1997. 221-36 pp. Centre Français sur la Population et le
Développement [CEPED]: Paris, France; Università degli
Studi di Roma La Sapienza, Dipartimento di Scienze Demografiche: Rome,
Italy; Università degli Studi di Siena, Facoltà di
Giurisprudenza: Siena, Italy. In Fre.
This study is concerned with
the effectiveness of non-coercive policies in developed countries
designed either explicitly or implicitly to increase the birth rate.
The author notes that most policies in modern European countries, with
the exception of France, aim to support the family in general, and not
primarily to affect fertility. The difficulties inherent in identifying
the cause and effect of fertility changes are acknowledged. The
experiences of several European countries, including Austria, France,
Germany, Sweden, and Switzerland, are then considered. The author
suggests that the impact of state policies on fertility, while it can
be positive, is almost universally modest, and therefore that such
policies do not affect general fertility trends. He concludes that
replacement fertility levels are a reasonable policy objective in
contemporary Europe, if interference by the state in such matters is
acceptable to society.
Correspondence: G. Calot, Le Blois
Fleuri, 3 rue Martin, 78380 Bougival, France. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
63:30735 Hesketh, Therese; Zhu, Wei
Xing. Health in China: the one child family policy: the
good, the bad, and the ugly. British Medical Journal, Vol. 314,
No. 7095, Jun 7, 1997. 1,685-7 pp. London, England. In Eng.
"Rapid population growth in China during the 1950s and `60s
led to the `late, long, few' policy of the 1970s and a dramatic
reduction in the total fertility rate. However, population growth
remained too high for the economic targets of Deng Xiao Ping's reforms,
so the one child family policy was introduced in 1979 and has remained
in force ever since. The strategy is different in urban and rural
areas, and implementation varies from place to place depending on local
conditions. The policy has been beneficial in terms of curbing
population growth, aiding economic growth, and improving the health and
welfare of women and children. On the negative side there are concerns
about demographic and sex imbalance and the psychological effects for a
generation of only children in the cities. The atrocities often
associated with the policy, such as female infanticide, occur rarely
now. China may relax the policy in the near future, probably allowing
two children for everyone."
Correspondence: T.
Hesketh, Centre for International Child Health, London WC1 N1EH,
England. Location: Princeton University Library (SZ).
63:30736 Ma, Jisen. 1.2
billion--retrospect and prospect of population in China.
International Social Science Journal, Vol. 48, No. 2, Jun 1996. 261-8
pp. Oxford, England. In Eng.
The author reviews the history of
population control in China. China's current population and development
policies are described, and the demographic effectiveness of these
policies is assessed.
Correspondence: J. Ma, Cuiwei Beili
7-403, Beijing 100036, China. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
63:30737 MacKellar, F. Landis.
Population and fairness. Population and Development Review,
Vol. 23, No. 2, Jun 1997. 359-76, 464, 466 pp. New York, New York. In
Eng. with sum. in Fre; Spa.
"One of the least-challenged
sacred cows of international policy is that public resources should be
expended to accelerate fertility decline in the third world. But why?
This essay considers three arguments. The first is an efficiency
argument associated with individualism: the second is a prudence
argument associated with hierarchy. Neither argument is accepted by the
third view, which advances egalitarian arguments. Each of these
arguments reflects a view of fairness; thus, the policy debate over
population is a fundamentally normative one. While superficially
egalitarian, the population policy orthodoxy that emerged from the
Cairo International Conference on Population and Development is
fundamentally individualistic. The true loser at Cairo was hierarchy,
more specifically the ecological view that rapid population growth is a
problem in and of itself."
Correspondence: F. L.
MacKellar, International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, 2361
Laxenburg, Austria. Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
63:30738 Nowicka, Wanda. The
effects of the 1993 anti-abortion law in Poland. Entre Nous, No.
34-35, Dec 1996. 13-5 pp. Copenhagen, Denmark. In Eng.
"The
law on family planning, human embryo protection and conditions of legal
abortion, commonly known as `anti-abortion' law, has been in force in
Poland since March 1993." The author discusses the impact of the
law, including underground abortion services; travel to other countries
for abortions; social consequences, such as infanticide and
abandonment; changes in the birth rate; mental health; family planning;
and sex education.
Correspondence: W. Nowicka, Federation
for Women and Family Planning, ul. Franciszkanska 18/20, 00-205 Warsaw,
Poland. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
63:30739 Prinz, Christopher.
Changing family structure and an emancipatory pension policy: the
case of Austria. In: Social security, household, and family
dynamics in ageing societies, edited by Jean-Pierre Gonnot, Nico
Keilman, and Christopher Prinz. 1995. 149-79 pp. Kluwer Academic:
Dordrecht, Netherlands. In Eng.
The author "investigates the
consequences of a pension scheme in which entitlements for an
individual woman also depend on the number of children she gave birth
to, and not only on her labour market history....Assuming five years of
insurance for each additional child, Prinz concludes on the basis of
his simulations that there is a strong incentive for a mother to have
one or more additional children, but a much more modest one for a
nulliparous woman to have a first child. A further conclusion is that
the performance of this pronatalist/emancipatory pension scheme
improves (compared with the current Austrian scheme), provided that
fertility increases."
Correspondence: C. Prinz,
International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, 2361 Laxenburg,
Austria. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
63:30740 Rosenberg, B. G.; Jing,
Qicheng. A revolution in family life: the political and
social structural impact of China's one child policy. Journal of
Social Issues, Vol. 52, No. 3, Fall 1996. 51-69 pp. Cambridge,
Massachusetts. In Eng.
"The present article examines the need
for family policy, acknowledging its potentially invasive nature and
emphasizing its profound impact on extended areas such as health,
education, the status of women, and national economies. Using the
enormous problem of overpopulation in China, the earth's most populous
nation, we detail the problem, its development, and family policy as
the Chinese government's response (the one-child mandate) to the
problem. We then explore the policy's subsequent impact on families,
socialization practices, cultural values, the status of women, and even
its potential impact on the system of government. We caution that the
problem is not simply an intellectual exercise, but has its counterpart
in the marked trend to smaller families in the West. In addition, we
examine preliminary evidence that the only child condition produces
some personality similarities in China and the
West."
Correspondence: B. G. Rosenberg, University of
California, Institute of Human Development, Berkeley, CA 94720-1690.
E-mail: bgrose@uclink.berkeley.edu. Location: Princeton
University Library (SW).
63:30741 Sen, Amartya. Population
policy: authoritarianism versus cooperation. Journal of Population
Economics, Vol. 10, No. 1, 1997. 3-22 pp. Berlin, Germany. In Eng.
"The people whose interests are most adversely affected by
frequent bearing and rearing of children are young women. Social
changes that expand the decisional power of young women (such as
expansion of female literacy, or enhancement of female employment
opportunity) can, thus, be major forces in the direction of reducing
fertility rates. This `cooperative' route seems to act more
securely--and often much faster--than the use of `coercion' in reducing
family size and birth rates. This essay examines the comparative
evidence from India and China on this subject as well as the
interregional contrasts within India."
Correspondence:
A. Sen, Harvard University, Department of Economics, Littauer
Center, Cambridge, MA 02138. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
63:30742 Wu, Cangping; Mu, Guangzong.
Low-fertility rate, market economy, and population control in
China. Chinese Journal of Population Science, Vol. 8, No. 4, 1996.
349-60 pp. New York, New York. In Eng.
"This study simply asks
the following: Why is it necessary to discuss low-fertility rate and
market economy in conjunction with population control? Because it is an
issue with a historical origin and realistic implications. China needs
studies of practical value on the changes in the country. We attempt to
conduct a comprehensive and in-depth study on the necessity of
population control in order to ascertain the `true'
answer."
Correspondence: C. Wu, People's University of
China, Department of Demographics, 39 Haidian Road, Haidian District,
Beijing, China. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
Government policies relating to emigration, immigration, and population resettlement. See also the appropriate categories under H. Migration that include general studies also covering policy issues.
63:30743 Borjas, George J. The
new economics of immigration. Atlantic Monthly, Vol. 278, No. 5,
Nov 1996. 72-80 pp. Boston, Massachusetts. In Eng.
The author
argues that whereas U.S. immigration has beneficial economic effects
for affluent Americans and the U.S. economy as a whole, poorer
Americans suffer a reduction in wages due to competition for low-paid
jobs from immigrants. He makes the case for changing U.S. immigration
policy based on the fluctuating needs of the nation's economy over
time, and he suggests encouraging the immigration of skilled
workers.
Correspondence: G. J. Borjas, Harvard University,
John F. Kennedy School of Government, Cambridge, MA 02138.
Location: New York Public Library, New York, NY.
63:30744 Clarke, Harry. Forward
planning and stability of the Australian migration program.
Australian Economic Review, No. 114, 1996. 155-70 pp. Parkville,
Australia. In Eng.
"Should the Australian immigration intake
be forward-planned and, if so, should the resulting intake be
numerically stable through time? There are sound reasons for
anticipating the effects of current intakes on future intakes and for
basing current intakes on Australia's long-term national objectives.
These policy requirements imply a case for forward planning but not the
need for a stable intake. Appropriately designed numerically unstable
intakes are preferable to stable intakes because instability, while
introducing adjustment costs, avoids more significant losses due to
reduced selectivity in the entry mix."
Correspondence:
H. Clarke, La Trobe University, School of Economics, Bundoora,
Victoria 3083, Australia. Location: Princeton University
Library (PF).
63:30745 Deman, Liza; Jablonski,
Dean. The future of the American mosaic: issues in
immigration reform. Stanford Law and Policy Review, Vol. 7, No. 2,
Summer 1996. 1-131 pp. Stanford, California. In Eng.
This symposium
contains seven articles representing diverse viewpoints on the current
debate over reforming U.S. immigration laws. The topics covered include
due process and secret deportation proceedings; a proposal for moderate
immigration reform; the role of immigrant entrepreneurs in urban
economic development; Proposition 187, tuberculosis, and the
immigration epidemic; race, immigration, and immigrants; and
interpreting the 14th Amendment concerning automatic citizenship for
children of illegal immigrants.
Correspondence: Stanford
Law School, Stanford, CA 94305-8610. Location: Princeton
University Library (FST).
63:30746 Fragomen, Austin T. The
Illegal Immigration Reform and Immigrant Responsibility Act of 1996: an
overview. International Migration Review, Vol. 31, No. 2, Summer
1997. 438-60 pp. Staten Island, New York. In Eng.
"On
September 30, 1996, President Clinton signed the Illegal Immigration
Reform and Immigrant Responsibility Act of 1996 (1996 Act), Pub. L. No.
104-208, 110 Stat. 3009. After an intense lobbying effort by the
business community, most provisions relating to legal immigration were
omitted from the final bill. Instead, the 1996 Act focuses on illegal
immigration reform and includes some of the toughest measures ever
taken against illegal immigration." Aspects considered include
border enforcement, penalities against alien smuggling and document
fraud, deportation and exclusion proceedings, employer sanctions,
welfare provisions, and changes to existing refugee and asylum
procedures.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
63:30747 Frideres, James S.
Canada's changing immigration policy: implications for Asian
immigrants. Asian and Pacific Migration Journal, Vol. 5, No. 4,
1996. 449-70 pp. Quezon City, Philippines. In Eng.
"The
present paper reviews Canadian immigration policy and assesses the
current situation. An analysis of the 1994 immigration consultation
process is presented which led to the new changes in immigration
policy. Recent changes in the organizational structure of the
Department of Citizenship and Immigration and its policy are evaluated.
The implications of the new immigration policy are discussed,
particularly as it relates to Asian
immigration."
Correspondence: J. S. Frideres,
University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, Alta T2N 1N4,
Canada. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
63:30748 Garvin, Glenn. No
fruits, no shirts, no service: the real-world consequences of closed
borders. Reason, Vol. 26, No. 11, Apr 1995. 18-26 pp. Los Angeles,
California. In Eng.
The author discusses possible economic
consequences of recent attempts to limit the number of legal and
illegal immigrants in the United States, with a focus on the difficulty
of replacing migrant workers in low-paying agricultural
jobs.
Location: Princeton University Library (FST).
63:30749 Harrison, Trevor. Class,
citizenship, and global migration: the case of the Canadian Business
Immigration Program, 1978-1992. Canadian Public Policy/Analyse de
Politiques, Vol. 22, No. 1, Mar 1996. 7-23 pp. Downsview, Canada. In
Eng. with sum. in Fre.
"This paper deals with the
circumstances leading to the enactment by several Western governments
of business immigration programs. The case of Canada's Business
Immigration Program is specifically profiled. It is suggested that such
programs are a response implemented by the governments of core states
to resolve their country's fiscal problems and, ultimately, their own
declining legitimacy. At the same time, business immigration programs
also are emblematic of the rise of an international capitalist class.
The paper concludes that such programs are unlikely to resolve the
fiscal problems for which they are intended. Instead, they may cause
several unintended problems, including damaging the notion of
inclusiveness imbedded in the modern concept of citizenship, thus
further lessening the legitimacy of the
state."
Correspondence: T. Harrison, University of
Alberta, Department of Sociology, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2H4, Canada.
Location: Princeton University Library (SF).
63:30750 Kateb, Kamel.
Administrative management of Algerian emigration to Muslim
countries following the conquest of Algeria (1830-1914). [La
gestion administrative de l'émigration algérienne vers
les pays musulmans au lendemain de la conquête de
l'Algérie (1830-1914).] Population, Vol. 52, No. 2, Mar-Apr
1997. 399-428 pp. Paris, France. In Fre. with sum. in Eng; Spa.
"Many studies have been devoted to the Algerian emigration to
France in the present century, but researchers and historians have paid
little attention to the emigration which followed the conquest of
Algeria. Yet as the archives of the period make clear, this was a
question of considerable concern to the French authorities responsible
for the new colony. They were prepared to encourage a migratory
movement which was consistent with plans to replace the native
population by a European population. At the same time, however, this
emigration conflicted with French geopolitical objectives in the Middle
East where many migrants settled. As a result the attitude of the
authorities was contradictory, favouring emigration by small groups yet
opposing such movements when they exceeded a certain
size."
Correspondence: K. Kateb, Institut National
d'Etudes Démographiques, 27 rue du Commandeur, 75675 Paris Cedex
14, France. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
63:30751 Kulluk, Fahrünnisa E.
The political discourse on quota immigration in Germany. New
Community, Vol. 22, No. 2, Apr 1996. 301-20 pp. Abingdon, England. In
Eng.
"Since the late 1980s many professional politicians and
social interest associations/organisations have been arguing for the
creation of an immigration law which would allow and organise limited
and legal new immigration to Germany on the basis of annual or
two-three year quotas. This political discourse on immigration policy
contains proposals which go beyond pure self-interest and aim to
contribute to the stated goals of `citizenship in Europe' and `open,
transnational citizenship'. This position is so far only held by a
minority. More dominant are the proponents of quota immigration policy
and of political asylum and civil refugee policies, directly or
indirectly exclusionist in relation to `old' and/or `new' immigrants
and refugees. This article presents the argument for rethinking and
restructuring the notion of quota immigration rather than rejecting it
altogether."
Correspondence: F. E. Kulluk, University
of Wisconsin, Department of Sociology, 1180 Observatory Drive, Madison,
WI 53706. Location: Princeton University Library (PR).
63:30752 Lazaridis, Gabriella.
Immigration to Greece: a critical evaluation of Greek policy.
New Community, Vol. 22, No. 2, Apr 1996. 335-48 pp. Abingdon, England.
In Eng.
"In the light of the EU's interest in the movement of
labour within the Union, the first part of this article looks at the
character of Greek migrant labour with the aim of providing an overview
of changes in the flow of migrant labour into Greece and of the
policies adopted in relation to immigrant labour. It discusses the
failure of the Greek government to formulate strategic measures to
combat illegal immigration...and the limited (if any) efforts being
made to aid the integration of Albanians. The second part of the
article concentrates on [the experiences of] Albanian migrant labourers
in Greece....[It] also assesses the similarities and differences in the
employment positions of Albanian men and women in Greece and the way in
which mechanisms of marginalisation differently affect these two
categories."
Correspondence: G. Lazaridis, University
of Dundee, Department of Political Science and Social Policy, Dundee
DD1 9SY, Scotland. Location: Princeton University Library
(PR).
63:30753 Novick, Susana.
Migration policies in Argentina. [Políticas migratorias
en la Argentina.] Studi Emigrazione/Etudes Migrations, Vol. 34, No.
125, Mar 1997. 83-122 pp. Rome, Italy. In Spa.
This is a general
review of policy concerning international migration to Argentina,
focusing on the period 1976-1994. The author first discusses some
conceptual issues and reviews the development of migration policies in
Argentina from 1870 to 1976. She then describes the various strategies
that different governments adopted concerning migration after 1976. She
concludes that a common theme during this period was developing a
selective immigration policy that would limit immigration to those best
able to contribute to the country's economic
development.
Correspondence: S. Novick, Consejo Nacional de
Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Instituto Gino
Germani, Buenos Aires, Argentina. E-mail: novick@polpob.fsoc.uba.ar.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
63:30754 O'Keeffe, David. The
emergence of a European immigration policy. European Law Review,
Vol. 20, No. 1, 1995. 20-36 pp. London, England. In Eng.
The author
discusses the emergence of an immigration policy for the European Union
as a whole, the need for which is demonstrated by the high number of
individuals desiring to migrate to its constituent countries. He notes
that the Union has been slow to develop such a policy, and suggests
that the price of abolishing internal controls might be the
establishment of external controls. He suggests that the Schengen
Convention may serve as a model for the development of a suitable
policy, which will have to take into account human rights issues. It
will also need to be coordinated with other international bodies
concerned with migration issues in Europe.
Correspondence:
D. O'Keeffe, University College London, Centre for the Law of the
European Union, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, England. Location:
New York University Law Library, New York, NY.
63:30755 Overbeek, Henk. Europe
in search of a migration policy: the constraints imposed by the
globalization and restructuring of labor markets. [L'Europe en
quête d'une politique en matière de migration: les
contraintes de la mondalisation et de la restructuration des
marchés du travail.] Etudes Internationales, Vol. 27, No. 1, Mar
1996. 53-116 pp. Quebec, Canada. In Fre. with sum. in Eng.
"This paper argues that the development towards a common
migration policy in the European Union reflects the emergence of a new
form of regionalism resulting from the recent structural
transformations in the global political economy. The European
governments are caught in a web of contradictory interests and
tendencies. On one side, the logic of global economic restructuring
dictates continued deregulation and flexibilisation of the labour
market, implying increased high levels of immigration. On the other
hand, the political backlash against globalization pushes towards a
closure of the external borders. The result is the construction of a
Fortress Europe, with a set of specific cooperation agreements with the
regions surrounding the European Union in order to regulate the inflow
of migrants."
Correspondence: H. Overbeek, University
of Amsterdam, Department of Political Science, Nieuwe Prinsengracht
130, 1018 VZ Amsterdam, Netherlands. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
63:30756 Quiminal, Catherine. The
changes in the French migratory policy and their consequences upon West
Africa. Journal of Social Studies, Vol. 66, Oct 1994. 59-74 pp.
Dhaka, Bangladesh. In Eng.
The author discusses French immigration
policy, with a focus on migrant streams from Western Africa. "The
purpose is first to highlight convergent and opposed interests between
the migratory policy elaborated from 1945 to 1975, during `the glorious
[thirty years]', and the African migrants' strategies as well as the
consequences upon the countries [of origin]. Then, the paper will
question the effects of those changes both on the immigrants'
behaviours and on the countries [of
origin]...."
Correspondence: C. Quiminal, Centre
National de la Recherche Scientifique, Centre d'Etudes Africaines, 15
quai Anatole France, 75700 Paris, France. Location: World
Bank, Joint Bank-Fund Library, Washington, D.C.
63:30757 Rosenberg, Göran.
Sweden and its immigrants: policies versus opinions. Daedalus,
Vol. 124, No. 3, Summer 1995. 209-18 pp. Cambridge, Massachusetts. In
Eng.
"`Refugees' has long been the only category of immigrants
for which Sweden has had any policies. Traditional immigration, in
which men and women enter a foreign country in search of jobs or other
social or economic goods, has for all practical purposes ceased to
exist in Sweden. The clash between policies and opinions--in this
instance between political myth and social realities--has become a
matter of great importance."
Correspondence: G.
Rosenberg, Foerlag AB, Box 12880, 112 98 Stockholm, Sweden.
Location: Princeton University Library (FST).
63:30758 Rudolph, Hedwig. The new
gastarbeiter system in Germany. New Community, Vol. 22, No. 2, Apr
1996. 287-300 pp. Abingdon, England. In Eng.
"Germany's new
gastarbeiter policy is evaluated in the context of a long tradition of
labour recruitment, particularly the last period of active recruitment
abroad (1955-1973). The policy's characteristic features (of permission
to stay being dependent on a work permit; this being limited to a
certain period and linked to the requirements of a specific employer)
[imply] that the gastarbeiter regime is a low cost means of increasing
flexibility in cases of regional and/or sectoral bottlenecks in the
employment system as well as a way of `exporting' problems....The
mounting employment crisis in Germany has prompted the German
government repeatedly to take advantage of provisions to restrict the
conventions on labour movement."
Correspondence: H.
Rudolph, Technische Universität Berlin, Straße des 17. Juni
135, 1000 Berlin 12, Germany. Location: Princeton University
Library (PR).
63:30759 Schuck, Peter H. The
message of 187: facing up to illegal immigration. American
Prospect, No. 21, Spring 1995. 85-92 pp. Cambridge, Massachusetts. In
Eng.
The author makes the case that the adoption of Proposition
187, the anti-illegal immigrant initiative, in California in 1994 was
"an expression of public frustration with a government and civil
society that seem out of touch and out of control, and with external
convulsions that our borders can no longer contain." He suggests
that the general public is increasingly concerned about the services
provided to illegal aliens and their costs, and that responsible
leadership should admit that illegal immigration, even at current
levels, is not an unmitigated evil, and be prepared to set and enforce
immigration limits.
Correspondence: P. H. Schuck, Yale
University, School of Law, Box 208269, Yale Station, New Haven, CT
06520. Location: Princeton University Library (SPIA).
63:30760 Shea, K.-L.; Woodfield, A.
E. Optimal immigration, education and growth in the long
run. Journal of International Economics, Vol. 40, 1996. 495-506
pp. Amsterdam, Netherlands. In Eng.
"The paper extends
Manning's model on education and balanced growth to include labour
immigration. Each immigration unit is assumed to consist of one skilled
worker and some unskilled members. The optimal immigration policy which
maximizes the per capita steady-state consumption of the host country
is derived. We show that optimal immigration policy can reduce the
steady-state skilled labour ratio. More interesting still, contrary to
the widespread belief that immigration of skilled workers hurts local
skilled workers, it is the unskilled local workers whose interests are
threatened by optimal immigration policy."
Correspondence:
A. E. Woodfield, University of Canterbury, Department of
Economics, Christchurch, New Zealand. E-mail:
a.woodfield@econ.canterbury.ac.nz. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
63:30761 Thränhardt, Dietrich.
European migration from East to West: present patterns and future
directions. New Community, Vol. 22, No. 2, Apr 1996. 227-42 pp.
Abingdon, England. In Eng.
"Present-day migration control is
largely a social and political construction; it cannot explain the
patterns and processes of East-West migration. Western anxieties have
been misleading, and are used as a substitute for the fears of the Cold
War period. In reality, the rich countries of Western Europe have
largely been able to control their borders and define the sort of
immigration they want to accept. Most of the migrants from Eastern
Europe have come in an arranged form, particularly the ethnic migrants.
Uncontrolled immigration is concentrated in those sectors of the
economy where regulation is weak, and internal forces are operating in
favour of unregistered immigration."
Correspondence:
D. Thränhardt, Westfälische Wilhelms Universität
Münster, Institute of Political Science, Schloßplatz 2,
48149 Münster, Germany. Location: Princeton University
Library (PR).
63:30762 Tichenor, Daniel J. Two
traditions of American reform: immigration regulation and the lessons
of history. Current World Leaders, Vol. 38, No. 2, Apr 1995. 45-62
pp. Santa Barbara, California. In Eng.
"Immigration reform
long has produced fierce conflict among U.S. policymakers over how to
regulate racial and ethnic diversity, economic opportunity, and global
involvement in American life. This essay attempts to provide an
historical perspective on recent innovations in [U.S.] immigration
policy, comparing them with restrictionist and expansionist traditions
in U.S. political development. While recent reforms exemplify an
unprecedented openness in keeping with a more inclusive democracy,
their failure to address public anxieties about porous borders
inadvertently breathed life into a new anti-immigrant politics that may
threaten these policy achievements."
Correspondence:
D. J. Tichenor, Brandeis University, Gordon Public Policy Center,
415 South Street, Waltham, MA 02254-9110. Location: Princeton
University Library (FST).
63:30763 van Amersfoort, Hans.
Migration: the limits of governmental control. New Community,
Vol. 22, No. 2, Apr 1996. 243-57 pp. Abingdon, England. In Eng.
"The first issue addressed in the present article is why it is
so difficult for governments to intervene successfully in migration
processes. Within the analytical framework of the article, the point is
made that the variables addressed by governmental measures form only a
small part of the relevant variables. Addressing these variables
effectively is further hampered by the conflicting interests of various
economic sectors and by the conflicting roles various administrative
institutions have defined for themselves. Finally the article addresses
the question of whether a `root-cause' approach offers better prospects
for the management of migration. This does not appear to be the case at
the moment."
Correspondence: H. van Amersfoort,
University of Amsterdam, Institute for Social Geography, 1011 NH
Amsterdam, Netherlands. Location: Princeton University Library
(PR).
63:30764 Weil, Patrick. Toward a
new immigration policy. [Pour une nouvelle politique
d'immigration.] Esprit, No. 220, Apr 1996. 136-54 pp. Paris, France. In
Fre.
The author examines current immigration policies in France in
light of the growing success of the right-wing political party, the
National Front, which proposes to send back to their countries of
origin the 3 million or so non-European immigrants currently residing
in France. He suggests that the concern of the French people with
immigration issues is real and not just a symptom of concern about
other social and political issues. He also notes that recent attempts
to control immigration, such as the Pasqua legislation of 1993, have
been largely ineffective. He concludes that realistic policies need to
accept the fact that, although immigration can possibly be controlled,
it cannot be stopped entirely.
Correspondence: P. Weil,
Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Centre
Pierre-Léon, Lyons, France. Location: Princeton
University Library (FST).
63:30765 Wihtol de Wenden, Catherine.
French immigration policy at a turning point? [La politique
française d'immigration à un tournant?] Bulletin of
Francophone Africa, Vol. 4, No. 7, 1995. 36-50 pp. London, England. In
Fre.
The author examines the changes to French immigration law
adopted in 1993 in the light of current trends and pressures affecting
migration to France. The focus is on the changes in the rules
concerning the acquisition of French nationality, and the assimilation
of existing immigrants from developing countries. The difficulties of
resolving such problems at the national level while migration
regulations are being developed at the European Community level are
noted. Problems involving the control of the nation's borders, illegal
immigration, and the growing demand for political asylum are also
discussed. The author raises the possibility that immigration could be
better managed in light of current labor market conditions in
France.
Correspondence: C. Wihtol de Wenden, Centre
National de la Recherche Scientifique (CERI I), 15 quai Anatole France,
75700 Paris, France. Location: New York Public Library, New
York, NY.
