Studies concerned with the relations between population factors as a whole and economic aspects. Relations affecting a single demographic variable and economic factors are coded under the variable concerned and cross-referenced to this division, if appropriate.
Studies concerned equally with economic and social development. Most studies on the microeconomics of the family will be found in G.2. Family and Household and cross-referenced to this division, if appropriate.
Studies on economic and social development with a worldwide emphasis, together with those with no geographical emphasis.
63:30603 Bencivenga, Valerie R.; Smith, Bruce
D. Unemployment, migration, and growth. Journal of
Political Economy, Vol. 105, No. 3, Jun 1997. 582-608 pp. Chicago,
Illinois. In Eng.
"Economic development is typically
accompanied by migration from rural to urban employment. This migration
is often associated with significant urban underemployment. Both
factors are important in the development process. We consider a
neoclassical growth model with rural-urban migration and urban
underemployment, which arises from an adverse selection problem in
labor markets. We demonstrate that rural-urban migration and
underemployment can be a source of development traps and can give rise
to a large set of periodic equilibria displaying undamped oscillation.
Many such equilibria display long periods of uninterrupted growth,
punctuated by brief but severe recessions."
Correspondence:
V. R. Bencivenga, University of Texas, Austin, TX 78712-1088.
Location: Princeton University Library (PF).
63:30604 Di Giulio, Enzo; Pizzoli,
Paolo. Some reflections on sustainability and its
relationship with population. Economia delle Fonti di Energia e
dell'Ambiente/Energy and Environment Economics and Policy, Vol. 38, No.
2, 1995. 133-60 pp. Milan, Italy. In Eng.
Some of the problems and
issues involved in achieving sustainable levels of economic development
are examined. "A concept of sustainability in terms of welfare is
proposed. It hinges on the distinction between two separate aspects of
the notion of sustainable development: an ethical one and a technical
one. A minimum guaranteed welfare level for each individual is set as
the target of sustainable development. The key role of
intra-generational and inter-generational equity is investigated.
Taking equity as central, having set the same minimum welfare target
for each individual, population turns out to be one of the major
factors working against sustainability. Re-equilibrating an unbalanced
path might involve significant changes in living styles in western
countries, changes which will likely need to be driven, even against
the individual will, by a super partes supra national
agency."
Correspondence: E. Di Giulio, Scuola
Superiore Enrico Mattei Eni, 7 Piazza S. Barbara, 20097 San Donato
Milanese, Italy. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
63:30605 Goldemberg, José.
Energy for a sustainable world population. In: Population and
global security: environmental challenges II, edited by Nicholas
Polunin and Mohammad Nazim. 1994. 205-19 pp. Foundation for
Environmental Conservation: Geneva, Switzerland; Energy and Environment
Society of Pakistan: Lahore, Pakistan. In Eng.
"We will
discuss here some of the physical determinants of sustainability and
the economic problems involved. In doing so, the fact will be
highlighted that the new problems resulting from global environmental
degradation might actually help toward finding solutions to the
political problems, as this is turning out to be in the self-interest
of the industrialized countries as well as in the interests of the
elites in developing countries as affecting all, rich and poor
alike...." The author discusses physical, population, economic,
and political constraints to sustainability.
Correspondence:
J. Goldemberg, Universidade de São Paulo, Cidade
Universitaria, C.P. 8191, 05508 São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
63:30606 Jensen, Svend E. H.; Nielsen,
Søren B. Aging, intergenerational distribution and
public pension systems. Public Finance/Finances Publiques, Vol.
48, Suppl., 1993. 29-42 pp. The Hague, Netherlands. In Eng.
"This paper develops an intertemporal simulation model capable
of addressing the macroeconomic and distributional effects of
demographic shocks in a small open economy. Two sources of population
aging are examined, viz. lower birth rates and prolonged expected
lifetimes at retirement age. Due to strong expectational effects, both
shocks are found to change average consumption in a downward direction,
in the short run as well as in the long run. This effect is matched by
a strong net acquisition of foreign assets. Furthermore, it turns out
that the intergenerational distribution of the burden of adjusting to
an aging population is strongly dependent on whether the benefit rate,
the contribution rate, or the relative non-capital income of pensioners
and workers is held fixed."
Correspondence: S. E. H.
Jensen, Copenhagen Business School, Economic Policy Research Unit,
Struensesgade 7-9, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark. Location: World
Bank, Joint Bank-Fund Library, Washington, D.C.
63:30607 Lee, Ronald D.
Population dynamics: equilibrium, disequilibrium, and consequences
of fluctuations. In: Handbook of population and family economics,
edited by Mark R. Rosenzweig and Oded Stark. 1997. 1,063-115 pp.
Elsevier Science Publishers: Amsterdam, Netherlands. In Eng.
"This essay first discusses the possibility of long-run
economic-demographic equilibrium, as viewed by Classical economists and
historians, on the one hand, and by contemporary economists on the
other. It examines empirical evidence bearing on the key relationships
hypothesized to establish equilibrium--the preventive check, the
positive check, and a depressing effect of population growth on real
wages reflecting diminishing returns to labor. It then considers the
nature of shocks to the equilibrium system, both short-run (such as
weather, harvest, and epidemics) and longer run (such as changed
disease environment, technological change, and trade), including
historical examples from Europe. Next, it considers the possibility of
Malthusian oscillations: in strongly equilibrating populations, might
the lag between birth and labor force entry lead to long swings, limit
cycles, or to chaotic population dynamics? Finally, it considers the
economic consequences of demographic fluctuations for savings, consumer
demand, labor supply and related
variables."
Correspondence: R. D. Lee, University of
California, Berkeley, CA 94720. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
63:30608 Sarel, Michael.
Demographic dynamics and the empirics of economic growth. IMF
Staff Papers, Vol. 42, No. 2, Jun 1995. 398-410 pp. Washington, D.C. In
Eng.
"This paper examines the effects of demographic dynamics
on the measured rates of economic growth. It develops a model of
production with labor productivity that varies with age. Macroeconomic
and demographic data are used to estimate the relative productivity of
different age groups. A panel database of effective labor supply is
constructed in order to reflect the changing age structure of the
population. The historical measured growth rates are then deconstructed
into effects of demographic dynamics and into `real' growth rates, net
of demographic effects."
Correspondence: M. Sarel,
International Monetary Fund, Research Department, 700 19th Street NW,
Washington, D.C. 20431. Location: World Bank, Joint Bank-Fund
Library, Washington, D.C.
63:30609 Simon, Julian L. The
economics of population: key modern writings. International
Library of Critical Writings in Economics, Vol. 78, ISBN 1-85278-765-1.
LC 96-47991. 1997. xxxvi, 529; [566] pp. Edward Elgar Publishing: Lyme,
New Hampshire/Cheltenham, England. In Eng.
This two-volume set
presents a selection of essays by various authors, all of which have
been previously published elsewhere, on aspects of the economics of
population. The 55 essays selected are organized under the following
headings: empirical work and analysis on general consequences of
population, food and land, natural resources, other consequences of
density, modern formal theory, and the determinants of population
growth and density.
Correspondence: Edward Elgar
Publishing, 8 Lansdown Place, Cheltenham, Gloucestershire GL50 2HU,
England. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
63:30610 Tisdell, Clement A.
Population, economics, development, and environmental
security. In: Population and global security: environmental
challenges II, edited by Nicholas Polunin and Mohammad Nazim. 1994.
63-84 pp. Foundation for Environmental Conservation: Geneva,
Switzerland; Energy and Environment Society of Pakistan: Lahore,
Pakistan. In Eng.
"The importance which economists have placed
on human population-levels and their increase as impediments or
facilitators of economic development has varied over the centuries and
continues to vary also between individuals and factions. In addition, a
variety of views [has] been expressed about how or what socio-economic
factors may influence family size and population growth, as well as
about the likely environmental consequences of population growth. This
chapter provides an overview of population as an element in economic
development models, of socio-economic influences on family size, of the
dilemma raised by the `population-environment-poverty trap' and
responses to it--such as migration--and underlines the importance of
wise natural-resource management."
Correspondence: C.
A. Tisdell, University of Queensland, Department of Economics,
Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
63:30611 Yip, Chong K.; Zhang, Junxi.
Population growth and economic growth: a reconsideration.
Economics Letters, Vol. 52, No. 3, Sep 1996. 319-24 pp. Lausanne,
Switzerland. In Eng.
"In an endogenous growth model with
endogenous fertility, a neo-Malthusian relation emerges only when all
exogenous variables are controlled for. This suggests that conflicting
findings in the literature may originate from heterogeneity in observed
variables in cross-country panel data sets....We emphasize the fact
that the rates of both population growth and income growth are
endogenous variables within a general equilibrium
framework."
Correspondence: C. K. Yip, Chinese
University of Hong Kong, Department of Economics, Shatin, New
Territories, Hong Kong. E-mail: chongkeeyip@cuhk.edu.hk. Location:
Princeton University Library (PF).
General studies on the relations between population factors and economic development in developing countries. Includes studies on dependency as they relate to developing countries.
63:30612 Cashin, Paul; Sahay, Ratna.
Internal migration, center-state grants, and economic growth in the
states of India. IMF Staff Papers, Vol. 43, No. 1, Mar 1996.
123-71 pp. Washington, D.C. In Eng.
"This paper examines the
growth experience of 20 states of India during 1961-91, using
cross-sectional estimation and the analytical framework of the
Solow-Swan neoclassical growth model. We find evidence of absolute
convergence--initially poor states grew faster than their initially
rich counterparts. Also, the dispersion of real per capita state
incomes widened over the period 1961-91. However, relatively more
grants were transferred from the central government to the poor states
than to their rich counterparts. Significant barriers to population
flows also exist, as net migration from poor to rich states responded
only weakly to cross-state income
differentials."
Correspondence: P. Cashin, University
of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia. Location:
World Bank, Joint Bank-Fund Library, Washington, D.C.
63:30613 Cuffaro, Nadia.
Population growth and agriculture in poor countries: a review of
theoretical issues and empirical evidence. World Development, Vol.
25, No. 7, Jul 1997. 1,151-63 pp. Oxford, England. In Eng.
"The paper contributes a critical survey of the very extensive
literature dealing with various aspects of the economic and
institutional responses of agriculture to population growth in poor
countries, encompassing a discussion of the main underlying theoretical
issues. Such responses are evaluated in the framework of the general
population-development debate. The main conclusion is that, although
population growth induces adjustments in agriculture, in terms of
technical progress, intensification, and definition of property rights,
optimism may not be justified in the context of very fast population
growth and/or already high densities, especially when the environmental
resource base is taken into account."
Correspondence:
N. Cuffaro, Università degli Studi di Cassino, Via G.
Maconi, 03043 Cassino (Frosinone), Italy. Location: Princeton
University Library (PF).
63:30614 Gendarme, René.
The city in development. [La cité dans le
développement.] Mondes en Développement, Vol. 22, No. 85,
1994. 114 pp. Institut des Sciences Mathémathiques et
Economiques Appliquées [ISMEA]: Paris, France; CECOEDUC:
Brussels, Belgium. In Fre. with sum. in Eng; Spa.
This special
issue contains nine articles on the role of urbanization in
socioeconomic development in developing countries. A common theme is
the constructive role that the city plays in driving the development
process.
Correspondence: CECOEDUC, Avenue des Naiades 11,
1170 Brussels, Belgium. Location: World Bank, Joint Bank-Fund
Library, Washington, D.C.
63:30615 Guillaume, Agnès; Ibo, Jonas;
Koffi, N'Guessan. Population growth, agricultural
development, and the environment in Sassandra (the south-west Ivory
Coast). [Croissance démographique, développement
agricole et environnement à Sassandra (sud-ouest de la
Côte-d'Ivoire).] ISBN 2-7099-1364-X. 1997. 388 pp. Institut
Français de Recherche Scientifique pour le Développement
en Coopération [ORSTOM]: Paris, France; Ecole Nationale
Supérieure de Statistique et d'Economie Appliquée
[ENSEA]: Abidjan, Ivory Coast; Groupement Interdisciplinaire en
Sciences Sociales de Côte-d'Ivoire [GIDIS-CI]: Abidjan, Ivory
Coast. In Fre.
These are the proceedings of a seminar held in
Sassandra, Ivory Coast, in June 1995, on the relations among
population, development, and the environment in this part of Africa.
The editors note that the Sassandra region is one of the last regions
classified as a pioneer region for rural development in the country,
and thus could be a useful experiment to see if sustainable levels of
both population and development can be achieved in the African context.
The 16 papers are organized under the following topics: from research
to action toward development; settlement and economic development; the
environment and economic and agricultural dynamics; and the health of
populations. Other topics covered include settlement patterns
associated with the plantation economy, the effects of the recent
economic crises on the region's infrastructure, and the demographic
impact of these economic and agricultural
changes.
Correspondence: Institut Français de
Recherche Scientifique pour le Développement en
Coopération, 213 rue Lafayette, 75480 Paris Cedex 10, France.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
63:30616 Higgins, Matthew; Williamson, Jeffrey
G. Age structure dynamics in Asia and dependence on
foreign capital. Population and Development Review, Vol. 23, No.
2, Jun 1997. 261-93, 463, 465 pp. New York, New York. In Eng. with sum.
in Fre; Spa.
"Rising fertility and declining mortality have
had a profound impact on Asian savings, investment, and foreign capital
dependency since Coale and Hoover wrote in 1958. This article argues
that much of the impressive rise in Asian savings rates since the 1960s
can be explained by the equally impressive decline in youth dependency
burdens. Wherever the youth dependency burden has fallen dramatically,
Asian countries have relinquished their reliance on foreign capital.
Aging will not diminish Japan's capacity to export capital in the next
century, but little of it will go to the rest of Asia; rather, the
countries in the rest of Asia are expected to become net capital
exporters. These conclusions emerge from a model that extends the
conventional focus on the dependency rate literature on savings to
investment and net capital flows."
Correspondence: M.
Higgins, Federal Reserve Bank of New York, New York, NY10045-0001.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
63:30617 Kibirige, Joachim S.
Population growth, poverty and health. Social Science and
Medicine, Vol. 45, No. 2, Jul 1997. 247-59 pp. Oxford, England. In Eng.
"Focusing on sub-Saharan Africa, this paper examines the
relationship between population growth, poverty and poor health. While
most analyses have focused on population growth as an original cause of
poverty and underdevelopment, this paper argues that while both
population growth and poor health play a significant role in
exacerbating the problem of poverty, they are themselves primary
consequences of poverty rather than its
cause."
Correspondence: J. S. Kibirige, Missouri
Western State College, Department of Social Sciences, 4525 Downs Drive,
St. Joseph, MO 64507. Location: Princeton University Library
(PR).
63:30618 Nabila, John S.
Population and sustainable development with particular reference to
linkages among environment, urbanization and migration in ECA member
states. No. E/ECA/POP/TP/95/3(b)/3, Nov 1995. viii, 117 pp. UN
Economic Commission for Africa: Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. In Eng.
This
study examines the links in Africa between migration and urbanization
on the one hand and environmental damage on the other, with particular
attention to what is happening in Ghana, Gambia, Nigeria, and Sierra
Leone. In this light, the prospects of achieving sustainable
development in Africa are discussed.
Correspondence: UN
Economic Commission for Africa, P.O. Box 3001, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
63:30619 Portes, Alejandro.
Neoliberalism and the sociology of development: emerging trends and
unanticipated facts. Population and Development Review, Vol. 23,
No. 2, Jun 1997. 229-59, 462-5 pp. New York, New York. In Eng. with
sum. in Fre; Spa.
"This article reviews sociological theories
of development and their predictive successes and failures. It examines
changes in the global economy that led to the hegemony of a
market-oriented approach to development. Limitations of this approach
are examined along three lines: (1) the erratic record of results of
the application of neoliberal adjustment models; (2) failures of a
market-oriented trickle-down approach to social equity; and (3)
responses of local groups via emigration and the rise of transnational
entrepreneurial communities. The significant role of population
characteristics, class structure, and the character of the state in
accounting for these trends is highlighted, with particular attention
to countries and communities in Latin America. An alternative set of
propositions based on recent sociological theories of the economy is
advanced."
Correspondence: A. Portes, Princeton
University, Office of Population Research, 21 Prospect Avenue,
Princeton, NJ 08544-2091. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
63:30620 Repetto, Robert. The
"Second India" revisited: population growth, poverty, and
environment over two decades. In: Population, environment, and
development, edited by R. K. Pachauri and Lubina F. Qureshy. 1997.
153-75 pp. Tata Energy Research Institute [TERI]: New Delhi, India. In
Eng.
The author discusses changes in population growth, poverty,
and environment in India over the past two decades, with a focus on
assessing the Second India Study, a report commissioned by the Ford
Foundation in the 1970s. "The first objective in reassessing the
Second India Study was to see to what extent the interplay of
demographic, economic, and ecological change could be
predicted....Another objective in reexamining India's experience...was
to trace out the key interactions of population growth, economic
development, and environmental stress over 20 years. The conclusions of
the Second India Study, though varied, were basically optimistic that
poverty and population growth could be reduced despite India's limited
financial and natural resources....These judgments were basically
correct."
Correspondence: R. Repetto, World Resources
Institute, 1709 New York Avenue NW, Washington, D.C. 20006.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
63:30621 Sinha, U. P.; Sinha, R. K.
Population and development in Bihar. ISBN 81-7018-798-2. LC
94-905076. 1994. xx, 460 pp. B. R. Publishing: Delhi, India. In Eng.
This is a collection of papers by scholars, researchers and program
managers on the relations between population and development in Bihar,
India's second largest state. "The volume contains five sections.
The first section, on issues related to fertility, mortality, and
migration, contains eight papers: three on fertility and marriage,
three on mortality and health factors, and two on migration....The
section on social [and] economic development and population change
deals with the interrelationship of demographic issues with [the]
socio-economic scenario of population in the state. The volume also
brings out the situation of women and their role in [the] development
process....The section on family planning has eight papers dealing with
diverse issues related to programme performance, demand and supply
issues, characteristics of acceptors, etc. The last section of the
volume, dealing with the situation of tribal population and development
process, contains five papers."
Correspondence: B. R.
Publishing, A-6 Nimri Community Centre, Phase IV, Ashok Vihar, Delhi
110 052, India. Location: U.S. Library of Congress,
Washington, D.C.
63:30622 Tawiah, E. O.
Demographic patterns and sustainable development in Ghana.
Africa Media Review, Vol. 9, No. 1, 1995. 96-114 pp. Nairobi, Kenya. In
Eng. with sum. in Fre.
"The paper is divided into three main
sections. The first section examines some aspects of demographic
patterns in Ghana. It serves as a backdrop to the discussion of the
impacts of demographic patterns on sustainable development in the
second section. The last section discusses immediate and decisive
actions to be taken to achieve a balance between demographic patterns
and sustainable development."
Correspondence: E. O.
Tawiah, University of Ghana, Regional Institute for Population Studies,
P.O. Box 96, Legon, Ghana. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
Studies on the relations between population and economic factors as they affect the developed world. Also includes studies on the economic effects of a stationary or declining population, the effects of aging on the economy, retirement, and problems of economic dependency in developed countries.
63:30623 Bengtsson, Tommy; Kruse,
Agneta. Demographic changes and economic growth in pension
systems: the case of Sweden. In: Social security, household, and
family dynamics in ageing societies, edited by Jean-Pierre Gonnot, Nico
Keilman, and Christopher Prinz. 1995. 111-47 pp. Kluwer Academic:
Dordrecht, Netherlands. In Eng.
The authors "explore the
consequences of demographic change on a pension system which is
sensitive to economic growth. In a theoretical discussion they first
show that pay-as-you-go systems are in general more sensitive to
changes in population growth and age structure than are funded systems.
Next [they] investigate in an empirical application related to the
pension system in Sweden what one will lose by disregarding economic
growth in analysing demographic effects on a pay-as-you-go system which
is dependent on economic growth. Because of differences in indexation
between contributions (which depend on wages that follow real economic
growth) and benefits (indexed for inflation only), positive real growth
is beneficial for the performance of the Swedish pension system,
although it increases the gap between wage earners and
pensioners."
Correspondence: T. Bengtsson, University
of Lund, Research Group in Population and Economics, P.O. Box 7083, 220
07 Lund, Sweden. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
63:30624 Bovenberg, A. Lans; Broer, D. Peter;
Westerhout, Ed W. M. T. Public pensions and declining
fertility in a small open economy: an intertemporal equilibrium
approach. Public Finance/Finances Publiques, Vol. 48, Suppl.,
1993. 43-59 pp. The Hague, Netherlands. In Eng.
"The aging of
the population in several industrial countries has raised concern about
the financing of pay-as-you-go public pension schemes. This paper
employs a numerical applied general equilibrium model of the
Netherlands to explore how a unilateral temporary decline in fertility
affects a small open economy. It focuses on intergenerational
distributional effects as well as on macroeconomic consequences for
employment, saving, investment, and external trade and capital flows.
Furthermore, it discusses several policy options involving the public
pension schemes to cope with the intergenerational distributional and
macroeconomic effects of the decline in
fertility."
Correspondence: A. L. Bovenberg, Erasmus
University, Research Centre for Economic Policy, P.O. Box 1738, 3000 DR
Rotterdam, Netherlands. Location: World Bank, Joint Bank-Fund
Library, Washington, D.C.
63:30625 Chauveau, Thierry; Loufir,
Rahim. Lengthening of life expectancy, growth, and
pensions. [Allongement de l'espérance de vie, croissance et
retraites.] Revue de l'OFCE: Observations et Diagnostics Economiques,
No. 50, Jul 1994. 29-64 pp. Paris, France. In Fre. with sum. in Eng.
"In the computable general equilibrium models with overlapping
generations, it is usual to hold the life expectancy constant. In this
paper, we get rid of this unrealistic hypothesis by introducing a
variable life expectancy. Such a change allows us to use directly the
demographic projections for studying the economic transition of some
institutional and technical scenarios relating to the French public
pension system. First of all, we compare two polar scenarios: the first
one consists in maintaining the current replacement rate, and the
second one consists in maintaining the current pension contribution
rate. Macroeconomic aggregates as well as welfare criteria are then
examined."
Correspondence: T. Chauveau,
Université de Paris I, 191 rue Saint-Jacques, 75005 Paris,
France. Location: World Bank, Joint Bank-Fund Library,
Washington, D.C.
63:30626 Cornia, Giovanni A.; Paniccià,
Renato. The transition's population crisis: an econometric
investigation of nuptiality, fertility and mortality in severely
distressed economies. MOCT-MOST, Vol. 6, No. 1, 1996. 95-129 pp.
Dordrecht, Netherlands. In Eng.
"In most of Central and
Eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union (hereafter referred to in
brief as `Eastern Europe'), the economic and political reforms of the
last six years have been accompanied by an unprecedented fall in
output, a rapid impoverishment of large sections of society, increasing
uncertainty about the future and an exceptional population
crisis....Neither fashionable explanations nor major demographic and
household behaviour models seem to be able to explain the transition
population crisis of Eastern Europe....This paper aims at debunking the
traditional approach and at testing the hypothesis that the current
transition population crisis is the result of growing economic
instability, social stress, unfavourable expectations about the future
and inadequate policy action. If this hypothesis is verified, the most
suitable solution to the current mortality and fertility crisis of
Eastern Europe would require not only stronger measures in the field of
health and family policy, but also more aggressive initiatives to
support employment, minimum wages and social transfers, enhance tax
collection and control inflation."
Correspondence: G.
A. Cornia, UNU/WIDER, Helsinki, Finland. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
63:30627 Gonnot, Jean-Pierre.
Demographic changes and the pension problem: evidence from twelve
countries. In: Social security, household, and family dynamics in
ageing societies, edited by Jean-Pierre Gonnot, Nico Keilman, and
Christopher Prinz. 1995. 47-110 pp. Kluwer Academic: Dordrecht,
Netherlands. In Eng.
"This chapter reports on an international
comparative study carried out at IIASA which addresses the major
demographic aspects of the pension problem in a systematic way....The
core of the study consists of a simulation of [12] national state
pension systems under a common set of demographic and labour force
participation scenarios up to the year 2050....The demographic setting
and the results of demographic projections are presented in the first
part of this paper with emphasis on ageing and changes in the marital
composition of the elderly population. The second part deals with
pensions. It includes a comparison of state pension systems as well as
labour and retirement patterns, a description of the pension model, and
a discussion of the results of pension projections. The third part is
devoted to assessing the possible impact of different pension
reforms."
Correspondence: J.-P. Gonnot, UN Population
and Development Section, Population Division, Room DC2-2044, New York,
NY 10017. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
63:30628 Gonnot, Jean-Pierre; Keilman, Nico;
Prinz, Christopher. Social security, household, and family
dynamics in ageing societies. European Studies of Population, Vol.
1, ISBN 0-7923-3395-0. 1995. x, 235 pp. Kluwer Academic: Dordrecht,
Netherlands. In Eng.
"This book reports the results of an
international comparative study into the impact of dynamics in living
arrangements on future public pension expenditures in industrialized
countries. It presents various demographic and pension scenarios for
pension costs until the year 2050 for 12 countries: Austria, Canada,
Czechoslovakia, Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, Italy, the
Netherlands, Norway, Poland, and Sweden. It extends earlier comparative
studies into future costs associated with public pensions into several
directions."
Selected items will be cited in this or subsequent
issues of Population Index.
Correspondence: Kluwer Academic
Publishers Group, P.O. Box 322, 3300 AH Dordrecht, Netherlands.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
63:30629 Holtz-Eakin, Douglas.
Demographics, political power and economic growth. Public
Finance/Finances Publiques, Vol. 48, Suppl., 1993. 349-65 pp. The
Hague, Netherlands. In Eng.
"Growth theory may be used to
predict the response of saving, capital formation, and output growth to
large demographic shifts. Such large shifts would also be expected to
alter the demand for government services and the desired levels of
taxation in the population. This paper extends the
overlapping-generations model of economic growth to predict the
evolution of government tax and spending policy through the course of a
major demographic shift. Simulations suggest that this approach may
yield valuable insights into the evolution of policy in the United
States and other industrialized economies."
Correspondence:
D. Holtz-Eakin, Syracuse University, Department of Economics, 400
Maxwell Hall, Syracuse, NY 13244-1090. Location: World Bank,
Joint Bank-Fund Library, Washington, D.C.
63:30630 Horioka, Charles Y. A
cointegration analysis of the impact of the age structure of the
population on the household saving rate in Japan. Review of
Economics and Statistics, Vol. 79, No. 3, Aug 1997. 511-6 pp.
Cambridge, Massachusetts. In Eng.
"This paper analyzes the
impact of the age structure of the population on Japan's household
saving rate by applying cointegration techniques to time-series data
for the 1955-1993 period. It finds that the ratio of minors to the
working-age population and that of the aged to the working-age
population both have a negative and significant impact on the household
saving rate. This finding suggests that the life-cycle model applies
even in a country such as Japan, in which this model is less likely to
apply due to cultural peculiarities such as the greater prevalence of
intergenerational transfers."
Correspondence: C. Y.
Horioka, Osaka University, 1-1 Yamadaota, Suita, Osaka 565, Japan.
Location: Princeton University Library (PF).
63:30631 Hu, Sheng Cheng.
Demographics and social security. Public Finance/Finances
Publiques, Vol. 48, Suppl., 1993. 339-52 pp. The Hague, Netherlands. In
Eng.
"This paper considers the welfare implications of the
interactions between demographic changes and social security in an
overlapping generations model in which retirement decisions are
endogenous. Both a pay-as-you-go system and an actuarially-fair system
are examined." The geographical focus is on the United
States.
Correspondence: S. C. Hu, Purdue University,
Krannert Graduate School of Management, Department of Economics, West
Lafayette, IN 47907-1319. Location: World Bank, Joint
Bank-Fund Library, Washington, D.C.
63:30632 Hurd, Michael D. The
economics of individual aging. In: Handbook of population and
family economics, edited by Mark R. Rosenzweig and Oded Stark. 1997.
891-966 pp. Elsevier Science Publishers: Amsterdam, Netherlands. In
Eng.
"Two of the most important economic decisions individuals
and couples must make late in life are when to retire and, following
retirement, how much to consume. These choices, along with public
programs such as Social Security and Medicare and family transfers,
determine in an important way economic status during retirement. The
broad outline of this chapter is to review the economic models that
explain retirement and consumption and saving, and then to discuss the
empirical evidence about the models. The discussion will be the context
of data from the United States because U.S. data are much more
extensive than data from other countries, and, consequently, more
empirical research has been done based on U.S. data. Then evidence
about the economic status of the elderly, including levels and trends,
is reviewed. The chapter concludes with a discussion of unanswered
research questions and directions for future
research."
Correspondence: M. D. Hurd, State
University of New York, Stony Brook, NY 11790. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
63:30633 Keilman, Nico; Gonnot, Jean-Pierre;
Prinz, Christopher. Conclusions and evaluation. In:
Social security, household, and family dynamics in ageing societies,
edited by Jean-Pierre Gonnot, Nico Keilman, and Christopher Prinz.
1995. 209-32 pp. Kluwer Academic: Dordrecht, Netherlands. In Eng.
"In this book we have investigated what the impact of dynamics
in living arrangements and age structures might be on future public
pensions expenditures in industrialized countries....In this chapter we
evaluate the project. Section 7.2 gives substantive and methodological
conclusions. Both demographic issues, public pension issues and
distributional aspects are dealt with. An assessment of the project is
contained in Section 7.3. In particular, we discuss the drawbacks of
the approach chosen for the current project. Finally, some open
research questions are taken up in Section 7.4. Strategies for dealing
with issues unresolved so far are also briefly
addressed."
Correspondence: N. Keilman, Statistics
Norway, Division for Demography and Living Conditions, P.O. Box 8131
Dep., 0033 Oslo, Norway. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
63:30634 Ogawa, Naohiro; Matsukura,
Rikiya. Population change, development and women's role
and status in Japan. NUPRI Reprint Series, No. 65, Mar 1997. 94
pp. Nihon University, Population Research Institute: Tokyo, Japan. In
Eng.
"In this report, we will analyse, on the basis of a
macroeconomic-demographic-social security model, various population
compositional adjustment problems, shedding light upon the changing
status of Japanese women and their career development....The projected
results for the macroeconomic and demographic variables suggest that
the population of Japan ages at an accelerated speed, which, in turn,
gives rise to its slowing economic growth and increasing social
security costs....The model simulation results show that the supply
factors, particularly labour supply, will constitute a major bottle
neck to sustaining economic growth."
Originally published by
the UN Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific [ESCAP]
as Asian Population Studies Series, No. 133.
Correspondence:
Nihon University, Population Research Institute, 3-2 Misaki-cho,
1-chome, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101, Japan. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
63:30635 Raleigh, Veena S. The
demographic timebomb will not explode in Britain for the foreseeable
future. British Medical Journal, Vol. 315, No. 7106, Aug 23, 1997.
442-3 pp. London, England. In Eng.
The case is made that
pessimistic forecasts about the economic consequences of population
aging in Britain are unduly alarmist. The author notes that the
proportion of the British population aged over 60 increased from 19% in
1971 to only 20.5% in 1994. The author concludes that "in many
respects the elderly population of the future will be advantaged in
comparison with preceding cohorts. Fewer will be unmarried, childless,
or widowed; more will have occupational pensions and residential
property; and there will be a significant increase over the next decade
in people aged 45-64, the peak age for providing informal care. For the
next decade or so, the pace and nature of these and other
sociodemographic changes is likely to have a greater bearing on the
needs of elderly people than their
numbers."
Correspondence: V. S. Raleigh, University of
Surrey, National Institute of Epidemiology, Guildford, Surrey GU2 5YD,
England. Location: Princeton University Library (SZ).
63:30636 Ritzen, Jozef M. M.; van Imhoff,
Evert. Demographic change, international migration, and
public education. Public Finance/Finances Publiques, Vol. 48,
Suppl., 1993. 122-43 pp. The Hague, Netherlands. In Eng.
"This
paper studies the impact of demographic change and international
migration on economic development and the education sector. We employ a
simple simulation model for tracing the impact of international
migration on the educational and economic system, under alternative
assumptions on the education background and adaptation costs of
migrants. An application to the case of the Netherlands shows that
international migration of whatever (realistic) level will not be able
to prevent strong population aging during the period 2010-2035. Given
the current below-average educational and productive profile of the
immigrant population in the Netherlands, increased migration will only
make matters worse."
Correspondence: J. M. M. Ritzen,
Ministry of Education and Science, P.O. Box 25000, 2700 LZ Zoetermeer,
Netherlands. Location: World Bank, Joint Bank-Fund Library,
Washington, D.C.
63:30637 Toutain, Stéphanie.
Aging and the reform of pension plans in Italy.
[Vieillissement et réforme du système des retraites en
Italie.] Population, Vol. 52, No. 2, Mar-Apr 1997. 441-9 pp. Paris,
France. In Fre.
This study discusses the relationship between
demographic aging and retirement age by looking at Italy, where
demographic aging is particularly acute due to a rapid decline in
fertility. It also describes the various pension plan reforms Italy has
experienced since 1992.
Correspondence: S. Toutain,
Université de Paris X, 200 avenue de la République, 92001
Nanterre Cedex, France. Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
63:30638 Weil, David N. The
economics of population aging. In: Handbook of population and
family economics, edited by Mark R. Rosenzweig and Oded Stark. 1997.
967-1,014 pp. Elsevier Science Publishers: Amsterdam, Netherlands. In
Eng.
In this chapter, the author examines how changing a
population's age structure in macroeconomic models can affect such
variables as consumption, wages, government spending, and savings.
Basic data on the evolution of the age structure is presented first.
Next, the effect of aging on production and consumption in the economy
as a whole is examined. The author focuses on how population aging
affects the overall burden of dependents, who must be provided for by
working-age adults. The next three chapters look at the three main
sources of support for the adult dependent population: resources
acquired over the course of a working life, government programs that
transfer resources to dependents, and transfers within the family. A
final section discusses the overall economic magnitude of the effects
of population aging, and describes changes in the channels through
which transfers flow.
Correspondence: D. N. Weil, Brown
University, Providence, RI 02912. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
63:30639 Wise, David A. Advances
in the economics of aging. National Bureau of Economic Research
Project Report, ISBN 0-226-90302-8. LC 95-53331. 1996. ix, 354 pp.
University of Chicago Press: Chicago, Illinois/London, England. In Eng.
"This volume consists of papers presented at a conference held
at Carefree, Arizona, in May 1993. It is part of the National Bureau of
Economic Research's ongoing Project on the Economics of Aging."
The papers in this volume deal with labor market behavior, health care,
housing and living arrangements, and saving and wealth. The table of
contents is as follows. The effect of labor market rigidities on the
labor force behavior of older workers, by Michael D. Hurd. Why are
retirement rates so high at age 65? by Robin L. Lumsdaine, James H.
Stock and David A. Wise. The military pension, compensation, and
retirement of U.S. Air Force pilots, by John Ausink and David A. Wise.
Health insurance and early retirement: evidence from the availability
of continuation coverage, by Jonathan Gruber and Brigitte C. Madrian.
Medicare reimbursement and hospital and cost growth, by Mark B.
McClellan. Living arrangements: health and wealth effects, by Axel
Börsch-Supan, Daniel L. McFadden, and Reinhold Schnabel. Do 401(k)
plans replace other employer-provided pensions? by Leslie E. Papke,
Mitchell Petersen, and James M. Poterba. Is housing wealth a sideshow?
by Jonathan S. Skinner. Elderly health, housing, and mobility, by
Jonathan S. Feinstein. Intergenerational transfers, aging, and
uncertainty, by David N. Weil.
Correspondence: University
of Chicago Press, 5801 South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, IL 60637.
Location: Princeton University Library (FST).
Studies on the environment, quality of life, conservation, food production, etc., and their interrelations with population factors.
63:30640 Benneh, George; Morgan, William B.;
Uitto, Juha I. Sustaining the future: economic, social,
and environmental change in Sub-Saharan Africa. ISBN
92-808-0918-0. 1996. xiii, 365 pp. United Nations University Press:
Tokyo, Japan. In Eng.
This collective work is a product of a
regional conference held in Accra, Ghana, March 22-26, 1993. "This
book focuses on sustainable environmental and resource management
development in the Sub-Saharan African region in the medium-term
future. The first part analyses the driving forces of environmental
change in the region, including persistent poverty, population growth,
urbanization, industrialization, and energy production and consumption.
The second part takes up issues central to sustainability, including
agriculture, on which the majority of people still depend for their
livelihood."
Correspondence: United Nations University
Press, United Nations University, 53-70 Jingumae 5-chome, Shibuya-ku,
Tokyo 150, Japan. Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
63:30641 Brown, Janet W.
Population, consumption, and the path to sustainability.
Current History, Vol. 95, No. 604, Nov 1996. 366-71 pp. Philadelphia,
Pennsylvania. In Eng.
"If the world pursues the American model
of development, with its high levels of consumption, air and water
pollution, and damage to the natural resource base, and extrapolates
these effects and population growth to 2025 and 2050, some basic
physical and biological systems could be at risk of collapse....There
is time--but not a lot--to control pollution and prevent degradation of
the natural resource base. Collectively, countries know better ways of
assuring development, and a population stabilizing at 10 billion or 11
billion should be able to live humanely on the planet's resources if
governments take the difficult steps required to curb excessive
consumption and manage resources sustainably--and if the United States
takes the lead."
Correspondence: J. W. Brown, World
Resources Institute, 1709 New York Avenue NW, Washington, D.C. 20006.
Location: Princeton University Library (PR).
63:30642 Cabrera Trimiño, Gilberto
J. The multidisciplinary approach to the relationship
between population and the environment in the Caribbean. [La
multidisciplinareidad en el estudio de la relación
población y medio ambiente en el Caribe.] Documento de Trabajo,
No. 11, Jan 1995. 62 pp. Universidad de la Habana, Centro de Estudios
Demográficos [CEDEM]: Havana, Cuba. In Spa. with sum. in Eng.
The purpose of this interdisciplinary study is to offer
recommendations on achieving sustainable levels of socioeconomic
development in the Caribbean region without damaging the environment,
given the demographic situation and multicultural characteristics of
the region's population.
Correspondence: Universidad de la
Habana, Centro de Estudios Demográficos, Avenida 41
Número 2003, Playa 13, Havana, Cuba. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
63:30643 Cohen, Joel E. How many
people can the earth support? In: Population, environment, and
development, edited by R. K. Pachauri and Lubina F. Qureshy. 1997.
35-44 pp. Tata Energy Research Institute [TERI]: New Delhi, India. In
Eng.
The author discusses ways to answer the question: How many
people can the earth support? Aspects considered include natural
constraints and human choices, levels of material well-being,
technology, the impact of political institutions, economic conditions,
and value orientation.
Correspondence: J. E. Cohen,
Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY 10021-6399.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
63:30644 Cruz, Maria C. J.
Effects of population pressure and poverty on biodiversity
conservation in the Philippines. In: Population, environment, and
development, edited by R. K. Pachauri and Lubina F. Qureshy. 1997.
69-94 pp. Tata Energy Research Institute [TERI]: New Delhi, India. In
Eng.
"This paper focuses on one aspect of poverty and
population: the increasing number of rural migrants in search of
alternative incomes and livelihood....[It] also looks at one form of
environmental degradation: the conversion of forest lands into
unsustainable use....Using time-series and cross-section information on
the Philippines, this paper demonstrates how natural resource
management policies, land tenure laws, rapid population increases, and
economic policies have contributed to poverty-induced environmental
stress....A discussion [is included] on the growth of upland population
and rural-to-rural migration, indicating the symmetry between
destination regions and critical forest
habitats."
Correspondence: M. C. J. Cruz, Global
Environment Facility, 1818 H Street NW, Washington, D.C. 20433.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
63:30645 Duchin, Faye. Life-style
and technology: how much difference can they make? In: Population,
environment, and development, edited by R. K. Pachauri and Lubina F.
Qureshy. 1997. 303-9 pp. Tata Energy Research Institute [TERI]: New
Delhi, India. In Eng.
"The pursuit of what I will call (with
apologies to Europe and Japan) American life-styles and technologies is
deeply rooted and conveys many benefits. Nonetheless, undesirable,
unintended consequences are clearly observable in the form of
characteristic social and environmental problems in rapidly
industrializing countries (not to mention the characteristic problems
of the rich countries themselves), as well as truly global ones. It is
against this backdrop of the growing dominance of American life-styles
and technologies that we must situate the question: how many people can
the earth support?"
Correspondence: F. Duchin,
Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, School of Humanities and Social
Sciences, 110 8th Street, Troy, NY 12180-3590. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
63:30646 Engelman, Robert.
Population as a scale factor: impacts on environment and
development. In: Population, environment, and development, edited
by R. K. Pachauri and Lubina F. Qureshy. 1997. 15-33 pp. Tata Energy
Research Institute [TERI]: New Delhi, India. In Eng.
The author
investigates population dynamics worldwide and their impact on
developing countries. The focus is on relations between population and
the environment. Possible solutions to population-environment problems
are discussed.
Correspondence: R. Engelman, Population
Action International, Population and Environment Program, 1120 19th
Street NW, Suite 550, Washington, D.C. 20036. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
63:30647 Gleick, Peter H. Human
population and water: meeting basic needs in the 21st century. In:
Population, environment, and development, edited by R. K. Pachauri and
Lubina F. Qureshy. 1997. 105-21 pp. Tata Energy Research Institute
[TERI]: New Delhi, India. In Eng.
"This paper explores the
connections between human population and freshwater problems, and
proposes a new way of addressing them. In particular, the concept of
sustainable water use is defined and discussed in the context of
growing human populations, and a basic water requirement (BWR) for
human needs is identified, quantified, and recommended. Evaluating
access to this BWR may prove to be a more useful measure of human
well-being than traditional water indices."
Correspondence:
P. H. Gleick, Pacific Institute for Studies in Development,
Environment, and Security, 1204 Preservation Park Way, Oakland, CA
94612. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
63:30648 Goodland, R.
Environmental sustainability: eat better and kill less. In:
Population, environment, and development, edited by R. K. Pachauri and
Lubina F. Qureshy. 1997. 315-48 pp. Tata Energy Research Institute
[TERI]: New Delhi, India. In Eng.
"Most environmental
sustainability will be achieved to the extent the world achieves the
transition to renewable energy and a stable population. Much has been
written on these two fundamental transitions; this paper outlines one
other fundamental need instead: the topic of human diet. This paper is
addressed to all those who are, therefore, concerned with accelerating
the transition to sustainability; its purpose is to sharpen one segment
of the sustainability debate."
Correspondence: R.
Goodland, 4872 Old Dominion, Arlington, VA 22207. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
63:30649 Goodland, Robert J. A.; Daly, Herman
E.; Kellenberg, John. Imperatives for environmental
sustainability: decrease overconsumption and stabilize population.
In: Population and global security: environmental challenges II, edited
by Nicholas Polunin and Mohammad Nazim. 1994. 85-99 pp. Foundation for
Environmental Conservation: Geneva, Switzerland; Energy and Environment
Society of Pakistan: Lahore, Pakistan. In Eng.
"What is the
nature of environmental sustainability?...How can environmental
sustainability be attained and what are its characteristics? These are
among the issues outlined in this chapter, which seeks to develop a
framework for addressing the transition towards a new economic
paradigm....There are only three means of reducing the impact of human
activities upon an already-stressed environment. These are: (1)
limiting population growth, particularly in developing nations; (2)
limiting affluence, particularly in developed nations; or (3) improving
technology, thereby reducing throughput
intensity...."
Correspondence: R. J. A. Goodland,
McGill University, 845 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Quebec H3A
2T5, Canada. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
63:30650 Holdgate, Martin W.
Hopes for the future. In: Population and global security:
environmental challenges II, edited by Nicholas Polunin and Mohammad
Nazim. 1994. 221-46 pp. Foundation for Environmental Conservation:
Geneva, Switzerland; Energy and Environment Society of Pakistan:
Lahore, Pakistan. In Eng.
The author discusses signs of hope in
solving problems of rapid population growth. Aspects considered include
understanding how people interact with the environment; increasing
carrying capacity; the imperative for sustainable development; and
securing the demographic transition.
Correspondence: M. W.
Holdgate, 35 Wingate Way, Trumpington, Cambridge CB2 2HD, England.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
63:30651 Lu, Yingzhong. Fueling
the world's largest population and a fast-growing economy: the Chinese
experience. In: Population, environment, and development, edited
by R. K. Pachauri and Lubina F. Qureshy. 1997. 215-28 pp. Tata Energy
Research Institute [TERI]: New Delhi, India. In Eng.
The author
analyzes population growth and economic development in China, with a
focus on energy consumption and supply, the comprehensive energy
conservation program, and the comprehensive rural energy
program.
Correspondence: Y. Lu, Tsinghua University,
Institute for Techno-economics and Energy System Analysis, Beijing,
China. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
63:30652 Madulu, Ndalahwa F.
Population growth, agrarian peasant economy and environmental
degradation in Tanzania. International Sociology, Vol. 10, No. 1,
Mar 1995. 35-50 pp. Newbury Park, California. In Eng.
"This
paper attempts to discuss the link between population growth, peasant
agrarian economy and environmental degradation in Tanzania. It argues
that high population growth and economic backwardness are dependent
variables which contribute significantly to rapid resource depletion,
and hence to environmental degradation. In other words, peasant
agrarian economic conditions stimulate the demand for larger families
which leads to high population growth in turn. A change in one of these
variables will necessarily lead to changes in the other, and both of
them have an impact on the environment. The conclusion drawn is that
attempts to reduce population growth need to be linked to the war
against poverty and environmental degradation. Efforts should be
directed to changing traditional ways of life by eliminating poverty
and improving the means of production in the rural areas. Such efforts
will ease the demand for children and reduce fertility levels in the
long run."
Correspondence: N. F. Madulu, University of
Dar es Salaam, Institute of Resource Assessment, P.O. Box 35097, Dar es
Salaam, Tanzania. Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
63:30653 Meyerson, Frederick A. B.
Population, development, and global warming: the international
institutional challenges ahead. In: Population, environment, and
development, edited by R. K. Pachauri and Lubina F. Qureshy. 1997.
285-302 pp. Tata Energy Research Institute [TERI]: New Delhi, India. In
Eng.
The author discusses the impact of population and development
on global warming. "This paper will focus primarily on fossil fuel
emissions, with the recognition that deforestation and changes in land
use are also significant anthropogenic contributions to global carbon
emissions." Aspects considered include the global warming
prognosis; greenhouse gas sources; past and future population and
development trajectories; current climate change agreements; and
possible solutions to global warming.
Correspondence: F. A.
B. Meyerson, Yale University School of Forestry and Environmental
Studies, 205 Prospect Street, New Haven, CT 06511. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
63:30654 Mitchell, Donald O.; Ingco, Merlinda
D.; Duncan, Ronald C. The world food outlook. Trade
and Development, ISBN 0-521-58010-2. LC 96-22446. 1997. xvii, 216 pp.
Cambridge University Press: New York, New York/Cambridge, England. In
Eng.
This book examines global food production and consumption over
the past 30 years or so, and presents an outlook over the next 20
years. The authors conclude that "the world food situation has
improved dramatically for most of the world's consumers. Output of
cereals, the world's main food source, has increased 2.7 per cent per
annum since 1950, while population has grown by about 1.9 per cent per
annum. Cereal yields have increased at 2.25 per cent per annum. Not all
people in the world today have adequate diets and there is no doubting
the desperate circumstances of some peoples, but diets for most of the
world's consumers have improved dramatically and per capita calorie
consumption in developing economies has increased by some 27 per cent
since the 1960s. It should continue to improve, and food will be
cheaper than it is today." They note that Sub-Saharan Africa is
the primary exception to these general trends, but that the reasons for
this extend beyond the potential ability of the region to feed its
growing population.
Correspondence: Cambridge University
Press, Pitt Building, Trumpington Street, Cambridge CB2 1RP, England.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
63:30655 Myers, Norman. Global
population and emergent pressures. In: Population and global
security: environmental challenges II, edited by Nicholas Polunin and
Mohammad Nazim. 1994. 17-48 pp. Foundation for Environmental
Conservation: Geneva, Switzerland; Energy and Environment Society of
Pakistan: Lahore, Pakistan. In Eng.
"This chapter reviews
some...analyses, findings, and conclusions, as concerns the multiple
emergent pressures stemming from population--whether from the present
population total or from its egregious growth-rate. The chapter accepts
that the relationships between population and environment are
multifaceted and complex--nowhere near as straightforward as has
sometimes been represented. Many other variables are at work, such as
negligent technologies, defective markets, inefficient economies, and
faulty policies overall. But the chapter firmly postulates that
population is a prominent factor--often a predominant factor--in many
emergent problems of environmental decline and unsustainable
development."
Correspondence: N. Myers, Consultant in
Environment and Development, Upper Meadow, Old Road, Headington, Oxford
OX3 8SZ, England. Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
63:30656 Naff, Thomas. The long,
dark shadow: population, water, and peace in the Middle East. In:
Population, environment, and development, edited by R. K. Pachauri and
Lubina F. Qureshy. 1997. 123-51 pp. Tata Energy Research Institute
[TERI]: New Delhi, India. In Eng.
The author discusses the
interrelations between population growth and water supply, with a focus
on the Middle East. Aspects considered include the global context of
hydrodemographic issues; scales of time and mass; and population stress
and conflict. Case studies for the Jordan basin and Syria are
presented.
Correspondence: T. Naff, University of
Pennsylvania, Department of Asian and Middle Eastern Studies, 847
Williams Hall, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6305. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
63:30657 Pachauri, R. K. From
Stockholm to Rio and beyond. In: Population, environment, and
development, edited by R. K. Pachauri and Lubina F. Qureshy. 1997. 5-13
pp. Tata Energy Research Institute [TERI]: New Delhi, India. In Eng.
"Ever since the first conference on environment and
development...was held in Stockholm in 1972, the global community has
increasingly focussed on environmental protection and its relationship
with economic development in several actions and programs. These
concerns came into sharper focus during the Rio Summit in 1992, and now
that five years have gone by, the United Nations (UN) is in the midst
of extensive preparations to discuss progress with the various
initiatives and programs that were launched during the Rio
Conference....It would be useful to explore whether economic analysis
has progressed in the past quarter century since Stockholm, and now
that Rio is five years behind us, to ask `where do we go from here in
analyzing the triangle of population, environment, and
development?'"
Correspondence: R. K. Pachauri, Tata
Energy Research Institute, Darbari Seth Block, Habitat Place, Lodhi
Road, New Delhi 110 003, India. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
63:30658 Pachauri, R. K.; Qureshy, Lubina
F. Population, environment, and development. ISBN
81-85419-27-2. 1997. xi, 357 pp. Tata Energy Research Institute [TERI]:
New Delhi, India. In Eng.
This is a collection of papers presented
at the Conference on Population, Environment, and Development, held in
March 1996 in Washington, D.C. The book also includes "discussion
and debate on environmental subjects such as water scarcity,
deforestation, biodiversity, and global warming, and social issues
examining consumption patterns, energy policy, and migration....The
papers in this book focus on the many structural features of economic
activities and population changes, which determine the extent and
nature of environmental damage and pollution."
Selected items
will be cited in this or subsequent issues of Population
Index.
Correspondence: Tata Energy Research Institute,
Darbari Seth Block, Habitat Place, Lodhi Road, New Delhi 110 003,
India. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
63:30659 Polunin, Nicholas; Nazim,
Mohammad. Population and global security: environmental
challenges II. LC 95-139289. 1994. xi, 285 pp. Foundation for
Environmental Conservation: Geneva, Switzerland; Energy and Environment
Society of Pakistan: Lahore, Pakistan. In Eng.
This is a collection
of articles by various authors on the relations between continued
population growth and the global environment. The primary objective is
"to present...the increasingly dire effects of human numbers and
profligacy and the dangers of their continuing `business as usual'
practices. To such ends we have been fortunate in prevailing upon
chosen leaders in the fields involved to contribute twelve chapters
that we outlined by themes through which we are attempting to cover the
overall subject."
Selected items will be cited in this or
subsequent issues of Population Index.
Correspondence:
Foundation for Environmental Conservation, 7 Chemin Taverney, 1218
Grand-Saconnex, Geneva, Switzerland. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
63:30660 Preston, David; Macklin, Mark;
Warburton, Jeff. Fewer people, less erosion: the twentieth
century in southern Bolivia. Geographical Journal, Vol. 163, No.
2, Jul 1997. 198-205 pp. London, England. In Eng.
This study
examines the relationship between a population decline and an improving
environment in rural Bolivia. "Detailed investigations of
household livelihoods in the valleys of Tarija...show how the resources
of many different localities are used to provide a satisfactory living
without necessarily reducing the stock of resources in the longer term.
Historical studies of changes in the numbers of people and livestock
show how land-use systems have evolved in recent centuries, and studies
of river basins reveal the extent to which the frequency and intensity
of floods have changed. The perceptions of rural people as to how the
vegetation and hillside erosion may have altered, suggest that some
environmental changes in the last half of the present century may be
positive. This paper weaves together these threads of information to
provide a coherent view of the current environmental situation in a
part of southern Bolivia, set in the context of diversified household
livelihood strategies."
Correspondence: D. Preston,
University of Leeds, School of Geography, Leeds LS2 9JT, England.
Location: Princeton University Library (PR).
63:30661 Ramphal, Shridath. Where
is the time-bomb ticking? In: Population and global security:
environmental challenges II, edited by Nicholas Polunin and Mohammad
Nazim. 1994. 49-62 pp. Foundation for Environmental Conservation:
Geneva, Switzerland; Energy and Environment Society of Pakistan:
Lahore, Pakistan. In Eng.
"While the problem of rapid
population-growth is one faced essentially in developing nations, the
problem of environmental impact and of pressure on resources has to be
confronted in both less-developed and more-developed countries; indeed,
in some crucial aspects, more especially in developed countries. The
principal cause of human pressure on the environment is human
consumption and profligacy, for population acts as a multiplier....In
the final analysis, the answer to the population problem lies in
effective development: more real and sustainable development in the
South, and a better quality of development, a better quality of life,
but at lower levels of consumption, in the
North."
Correspondence: S. Ramphal, Commission on
Global Governance, 11 Avenue Joli-Mont, Case Postale 184, 1211 Geneva
28, Switzerland. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
63:30662 Reidhead, Paris W.; Qureshy, Lubina
F.; Narain, Vishal. Population, environment, and
development: interactions and issues. In: Population, environment,
and development, edited by R. K. Pachauri and Lubina F. Qureshy. 1997.
45-68 pp. Tata Energy Research Institute [TERI]: New Delhi, India. In
Eng.
The authors discuss ways of achieving sustainable development
given the constraints imposed by population and the environment.
Aspects considered include poverty and environment, urbanization and
migration, food security, consumption and the North-South debate, and
policy suggestions.
Correspondence: P. W. Reidhead, Tata
Energy Research Institute, Darbari Seth Block, Habitat Place, Lodhi
Road, New Delhi 110 003, India. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
63:30663 Robinson, James A.; Srinivasan, T.
N. Long-term consequences of population growth:
technological change, natural resources, and the environment. In:
Handbook of population and family economics, edited by Mark R.
Rosenzweig and Oded Stark. 1997. 1,175-298 pp. Elsevier Science
Publishers: Amsterdam, Netherlands. In Eng.
"This chapter
surveys the long-term implications of population growth and its
interaction with technological change, resources utilization and the
environment. We ask: what are the key determinants of the processes of
population growth and technical change and how do they interact with
each other? Under what conditions can the people of the world enjoy
rising living standards, and if they do, does population have to
stabilize for this to be feasible? How do the answers to these
questions depend on the relationship between human progress and the
natural environment? Will growth be limited by lack of resources or
negative environmental repercussions? Will the development of the world
economy necessarily mean the despoiling of the
environment?"
Correspondence: J. A. Robinson,
University of Southern California, University Park, Los Angeles, CA
90089. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
63:30664 Rozelle, Scott; Huang, Jikun; Zhang,
Linxiu. Poverty, population and environmental degradation
in China. Food Policy, Vol. 22, No. 3, Jun 1997. 229-51 pp.
Oxford, England. In Eng.
"This paper studies the relationship
among population, poverty, and the environmental factors, and the
impact they have had on China's land, water, forests and
pastures....Five of China's rural resource concerns are surveyed in
this paper: water pollution, deforestation, destruction of the
grasslands, soil erosion, and salinization. The paper finds that
government policy has not been effective in controlling rural resource
degradation primarily because it has limited fiscal resources and
poorly trained personnel, and under these constraints the government
has delegated responsibility for environmental and resource protection
to the ministries of agriculture and forestry, two institutions that
have an incentive to favor pro-production policies. Instead, China's
efforts to alleviate policy, integrate markets, and control population
appear to have helped mitigate a number of adverse environmental
consequences of China's development effort of the last 40
years."
Correspondence: S. Rozelle, Stanford
University, Department of Economics, Stanford, CA 94305. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPIA).
63:30665 Sadik, Nafis. Population
growth and global stability. In: Population and global security:
environmental challenges II, edited by Nicholas Polunin and Mohammad
Nazim. 1994. 1-15 pp. Foundation for Environmental Conservation:
Geneva, Switzerland; Energy and Environment Society of Pakistan:
Lahore, Pakistan. In Eng.
The author discusses "some of the
most important consequences of continued high population growth which
is not in balance with available resources. While some of these
consequences may be unavoidable, the possible effects of others may be
ameliorated and even prevented by following a wise and decisive policy
and concomitant action."
Correspondence: N. Sadik,
United Nations Population Fund, 220 East 42nd Street, New York, NY
10017. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
63:30666 Schaefer, Morris; Kreisel,
Wilfried. Health of people, health of planet. In:
Population and global security: environmental challenges II, edited by
Nicholas Polunin and Mohammad Nazim. 1994. 101-24 pp. Foundation for
Environmental Conservation: Geneva, Switzerland; Energy and Environment
Society of Pakistan: Lahore, Pakistan. In Eng.
"Even in
primitive communities, human environments are complex, being always
made up of many interrelated physical and social elements. Social
elements impact heavily on the physical environment, as human
activities continuously alter natural conditions. Among these social
elements, demographic factors are powerful determinants of the state of
the environment and, thereby, the state of human health. Both the
environment and human health are now endangered on a global scale, and
demographic factors are crucial in this
crisis."
Correspondence: M. Schaefer, University of
North Carolina, School of Public Health, Health Policy and
Administration, Chapel Hill, NC 27599. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
63:30667 Subedi, Bhim P.
Population and environment interrelationships: the case of
Nepal. In: Population, environment, and development, edited by R.
K. Pachauri and Lubina F. Qureshy. 1997. 191-213 pp. Tata Energy
Research Institute [TERI]: New Delhi, India. In Eng.
The author
discusses interrelationships among population and environmental
factors, with a focus on Nepal. Aspects considered include population
growth, regional disparity, internal migration, land use changes,
deforestation, and crop production and cropping
intensity.
Correspondence: B. P. Subedi, Tribhuvan
University, Central Department of Geography, Kirtipur, Katmandu, Nepal.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
Studies of employment and labor force statistics that are of demographic relevance. Includes studies of the labor force (employment status, occupation, and industry) and of the relations among employment, labor force participation, and population factors. Studies on the effect of female labor force participation on fertility are coded under F.1. General Fertility and cross-referenced here.
63:30668 Beenstock, Michael; ben Menahem,
Yitzhak. The labour market absorption of CIS immigrants to
Israel: 1989-1994. International Migration, Vol. 35, No. 2, 1997.
187-224 pp. Oxford, England. In Eng. with sum. in Fre; Spa.
"We use three micro data sets to investigate the absorption
dynamics of CIS [the countries of the former USSR] immigrants in the
Israeli labour market in the 1990s. Our findings suggest that the
employment absorption process is steady, if slow. The Labour Force
Survey suggests that `academics' experience positive duration
dependence during the first four years in Israel. Vocational training
did not appear to promote employment absorption. However, Hebrew
training has a beneficial effect on employment
absorption."
Correspondence: M. Beenstock, Hebrew
University of Jerusalem, Department of Economics, Mount Scopus Campus,
Jerusalem 91905, Israel. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
63:30669 Burr, Jeffrey A.; McCall, Patricia
L.; Powell-Griner, Eve. Female labor force participation
and suicide. Social Science and Medicine, Vol. 44, No. 12, Jun
1997. 1,847-59 pp. Oxford, England. In Eng.
"To test the role
conflict and role enhancement hypotheses, this paper examines the link
between female labor force participation and suicide. Using a special
tabulation of age/sex-specific suicide data for metropolitan areas in
the United States, we estimate separate multivariate regression models
for women and men in 1970 and 1980. Our findings show that in 1970 the
level of female labor force participation among married women with
small children is not related to the female suicide rate but is related
to the male suicide rate in a positive direction. By 1980 the
relationship between female labor force participation and the male and
female suicide rate is negative, suggesting that the well-being of both
men and women is enhanced by role accumulation among
women."
Correspondence: J. A. Burr, State University
of New York, Department of Sociology, 430 Park Hall, Buffalo, NY 14260.
Location: Princeton University Library (PR).
63:30670 Fassmann, Heinz. Is the
Austrian labour market ethnically segmented? European Journal of
Population/Revue Européenne de Démographie, Vol. 13, No.
1, Mar 1997. 17-32 pp. Dordrecht, Netherlands. In Eng. with sum. in
Fre.
The author analyzes "the structure and dynamics of the
occupational positions of foreign workers in Austria. Three questions
will be answered: 1. Which positions in the labour market do immigrants
occupy? 2. How stable is the pattern of an ethnically segmented labour
market? 3. Which intragenerational and intergenerational mobility
processes can be observed among immigrants? This article begins with a
theoretical introduction, a short overview of immigration to Austria
and the structure of its respective foreign population. The answers to
the three main questions are presented in the next sections. The paper
ends in a summary and an outlook."
Correspondence: H.
Fassmann, Technical University of Munich, Geographical Institute,
Arcisstraße 21, 80290 Munich, Germany. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
63:30671 Fry, Richard. Has the
quality of immigrants declined? Evidence from the labor market
attachment of immigrants and natives. Contemporary Economic
Policy, Vol. 14, No. 3, Jul 1996. 53-70 pp. Huntington Beach,
California. In Eng.
"This is an investigation of the labor
market activities of U.S. immigrants who arrived from the 1960s through
the 1980s. Relative to natives, upon arrival male immigrants who
arrived during the 1980s are more likely to be persistently jobless
than are male immigrants who arrived during the 1960s. The increased
disengagement of immigrant arrivals from the U.S. labor market appears
solely in the form of labor market withdrawal and has not manifested
itself in increased institutionalization. Though the `new immigration'
apparently does not increase fiscal burdens on the penal system, it
nonetheless is expanding the dependent population. The greater labor
market idleness of today's immigrants relative to pre-1970 arrivals is
consistent with a growing body of economic evidence suggesting a
deterioration of U.S. immigrants' labor market capital and success
during the post war period."
Correspondence: R. Fry,
U.S. Department of Labor, Division of Immigration Policy and Research,
200 Constitution Avenue NW, Washington, D.C. 20210. E-mail:
rfry@dol.gov. Location: World Bank, Joint Bank-Fund Library,
Washington, D.C.
63:30672 Gesano, Giuseppe. Work
status and demographic behaviour. In: Démographie: analyse
et synthèse. Causes et conséquences des évolutions
démographiques, Volume 3. Apr 1997. 201-20 pp. Centre
Français sur la Population et le Développement [CEPED]:
Paris, France; Università degli Studi di Roma La Sapienza,
Dipartimento di Scienze Demografiche: Rome, Italy; Università
degli Studi di Siena, Facoltà di Giurisprudenza: Siena, Italy.
In Eng.
The relationship between employment status and demographic
behavior is analyzed in this chapter. Separate consideration is given
to micro- and macro-economic aspects of the relationship. The author
also discusses data sources, analytical tools, age and gender
differences, and work and migration.
Correspondence: G.
Gesano, Università degli Studi di Roma La Sapienza, Instituto di
Ricerche sulla Popolazione, Via Nomentana 41, Rome 00161, Italy.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
63:30673 Harkness, Susan; Machin, Stephen;
Waldfogel, Jane. Evaluating the pin money hypothesis: the
relationship between women's labour market activity, family income and
poverty in Britain. Journal of Population Economics, Vol. 10, No.
2, 1997. 137-58 pp. Berlin, Germany. In Eng.
"In this paper we
evaluate the hypothesis that the over-representation of women amongst
the low paid is of little importance because women's earnings account
for only a small proportion of total family income. Data from the
[United Kingdom] General Household Survey (GHS), together with
attitudinal evidence from three cross-sectional data sources, indicate
that women's earnings are in fact an important and growing component of
family income. The majority of the growth in the share of women's
earnings occurs as a result of changing family labour structures;
women's earnings are playing an increasingly important role in keeping
their families out of poverty."
Correspondence: S.
Machin, University College London, Department of Economics, Gower
Street, London WC1E 6BT, England. E-mail: s.machin@ucl.ac.uk.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
63:30674 Le Goff, Jean-Marie. The
mobility of young people after their first stable employment.
[Mobilité des jeunes à l'issue de leur premier emploi
stable.] Population, Vol. 52, No. 3, May-Jun 1997. 545-70 pp. Paris,
France. In Fre. with sum. in Eng; Spa.
"This article explores
the relationships between the length of the first stable employment
obtained by young people [in France] who completed their schooling in
the 1980s and their subsequent mobility pattern. The frequency of the
different mobilities is measured in relation to, first, the
characteristics of the young people at the end of their schooling and
their professional experience prior to obtaining stable employment,
second, the characteristics of this employment and of the employer. The
analysis of these different constraints, placed in the context of
labour market conditions, is used to identify several levels of
regulation for the length of time employment is held. The analysis is
based on an application of event history analysis to data from a survey
on the employment experience of young people completing their education
at baccalaureate level in 1983."
Correspondence: J.-M.
Le Goff, Université de Genève, Laboratoire de
Démographie Economique et Sociale, 3 Place de
l'Université, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland. E-mail:
legoff@ibm.unige.ch. Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
63:30675 LeClere, Felicia B.; McLaughlin,
Diane K. Family migration and changes in women's earnings:
a decomposition analysis. Population Research and Policy Review,
Vol. 16, No. 4, Aug 1997. 315-35 pp. Dordrecht, Netherlands. In Eng.
"Married women who migrate with their families experience
relative earnings losses after migration. In this study, we use data
from the 1987 Wave of the Panel Study of Income Dynamics to explicitly
examine the relative importance of three sources of those losses: labor
force participation, hours of labor supplied, and wages....the results
and subsequent coefficient decomposition methods show that labor force
exit and a reduction of labor supplied contribute the largest share to
the earnings penalty attached to migration for married women. The
participation effect, although reduced in size, is significant for
three years following migration. The wages of employed married women
who migrate appear to be unaffected in any year following
migration."
Correspondence: F. B. LeClere, U.S.
National Center for Health Statistics, 6525 Belcrest Road, Room 850,
Hyattsville, MD 20782. E-mail: fx10@nch08a.em.cdc.gov. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
63:30676 Miller, Paul W.; Neo, Leanne
M. Immigrant unemployment: the Australian experience.
International Migration, Vol. 35, No. 2, 1997. 155-85 pp. Oxford,
England. In Eng. with sum. in Fre; Spa.
"Between 1980 and 1996
both male and female immigrants experienced higher unemployment rates
than Australia-born workers....A multivariate analysis is used in this
article to examine unemployment rate differentials between
Australia-born and immigrants from English-speaking countries and
immigrants from non-English-speaking countries. A feature of the
analysis is decomposition of unemployment rate differences between
birthplace groups into a component attributable to the different
characteristics of the birthplace groups (e.g. different mean levels of
education) and a part that is viewed as an impact associated simply
with being foreign born."
Correspondence: P. W.
Miller, University of Western Australia, Department of Economics,
Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
63:30677 Nakanishi, Toru.
Comparative study of informal labor markets in the urbanization
process: the Philippines and Thailand. Developing Economies, Vol.
34, No. 4, Dec 1996. 470-96 pp. Tokyo, Japan. In Eng.
"Culturally, socially, and politically, the Philippines and
Thailand are completely different, but in the economic sphere until the
end of the 1970s, the two exhibited such similarity that they could
have been called twins. During the 1980s, however, the difference in
the economic progress of the two countries widened greatly....Relying
on field surveys, this study will try to further clarify the
differences in the social structures of the two countries through an
analysis of the effects that urbanization has had on the urban informal
labor market. Essentially it seeks to comprehend the urban labor market
by approaching from another angle Hara's argument that the labor market
in the Philippines is extremely segmented while that in Thailand is one
of free movement between sectors with educational attainment
effectively acting as a signal of labor
quality."
Correspondence: T. Nakanishi, University of
Tokyo, Faculty of Economics, Tokyo, Japan. Location: Princeton
University Library (PF).
63:30678 Pomp, J. M. Three
scenarios of labor supply for the next 25 years. [Drie scenario's
van het arbeidsaanbod voor de komende 25 jaar.] Maandstatistiek van de
Bevolking, Vol. 45, No. 6, Jun 1997. 19-23 pp. Voorburg, Netherlands.
In Dut. with sum. in Eng.
"The future development of labour
supply [in the Netherlands] depends on two factors: (1) demographic
changes: population by age, sex, level of educational attainment and
ethnicity; (2) changes in labour force participation rates. Three
scenarios of labour supply in the period 1995-2020 are based on
alternative assumptions on future changes in these factors. The main
trend is the increase of labour force participation of women. Ageing
has a negative impact on labour supply, as the labour force
participation rates of the elder age groups are relatively low. The
increase of the level of educational attainment has a moderate positive
impact."
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
63:30679 Seifert, Wolfgang.
Occupational and economic mobility and social integration of
Mediterranean migrants in Germany. European Journal of
Population/Revue Européenne de Démographie, Vol. 13, No.
1, Mar 1997. 1-16 pp. Dordrecht, Netherlands. In Eng. with sum. in Fre.
"Foreigners of Mediterranean immigrant origin still occupy the
lower positions in the German labour market. The employment profile is
clearly different from that of German wage earners and salaried
employees. Results from the German Socio-Economic Panel Study show that
60% of this foreign population was employed as unskilled or
semi-skilled workers in 1993. Between 1984 and 1993 their occupational
mobility was relatively low. The situation of the second generation has
clearly improved. To a small degree they even found access to
attractive jobs in the service sector. But compared with Germans of the
same age group their occupational success is limited. The social
situation of foreigners is characterised by increasing
segregation."
Correspondence: W. Seifert,
Humboldt-Universität, Lehrstuhl für
Bevölkerungswissenschaft, Unter den Linden 6, 10099 Berlin,
Germany. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
63:30680 Tiwari, Indra P. Impact
of migration on rural employment and earnings in the Western
Development Region of Nepal. Asian and Pacific Migration Journal,
Vol. 5, No. 4, 1996. 417-48 pp. Quezon City, Philippines. In Eng.
"This study was carried out to examine the impact of migration
on rural employment and earnings in the Western Development Region of
Nepal....Rural-to-rural migration has not contributed to occupational
mobility and attainment of a higher level of earnings at the place of
destination in comparison to the native population who have stayed
behind. Temporary migration, largely to India, has resulted in
occupational mobility, reduced rural underemployment, and contributed
higher cash income to the participating households. Consequently,
households with temporary outmigrant members who contribute to
household earnings by salary, remittances, or pension, distinctly
increase the earning level of this group [which] is significantly
higher than that of households without any migrant
members."
Correspondence: I. P. Tiwari, UN Economic
and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific, Population Division,
United Nations Building, Rajdamnern Nok Avenue, Bangkok 10200,
Thailand. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
63:30681 van Dijk, Liset; Siegers,
Jacques. The influence of subsidized child care supply on
female labor force participation. [De invloed van het aanbod van
gesubsidieerde kinderopvang op het arbeidsaanbod van vrouwen.]
Bevolking en Gezin, No. 2, 1995. 29-44 pp. Brussels, Belgium. In Dut.
with sum. in Eng.
"In this article we study the effect of the
supply of subsidized child care facilities on labour force
participation of married or cohabiting women [in the
Netherlands]....The results show that--controlled for the potential
female wages per hour, her `non-labour income', her age and the
presence of children in the household--female labour force supply is
higher in municipalities, the larger the supply of subsidized child
care facilities. That indicates that the extension schemes of
subsidized child care facilities introduced in 1990 most probably
[resulted] in a rising labour force participation of mothers with young
children."
Correspondence: L. van Dijk, University of
Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
63:30682 Van Hoof, Krista.
General census of population and housing, March 1, 1991. Female
employment and segregation. [Recensement général de
la population et des logements au 1er mars 1991. Emploi féminin
et ségrégation.] Monographie, No. 8, 1997. 163, 9 pp.
Institut National de Statistique: Brussels, Belgium; Services
Fédéraux des Affaires Scientifiques, Techniques et
Culturelles: Brussels, Belgium. In Fre. with sum. in Eng.
This
study, based on data from the 1991 census of Belgium, concerns the
segregation of men and women in the Belgian labor market. "The
differences in the position of men and women on the labour market are
discussed in a general introduction. Next follows an elucidation of
existing research and the development of theories concerning this
research. Also, the source material on which this kind of research can
be based is described in detail. Next, segregation is further analysed
from two points of view: that of the relevant economic sectors, and
that of the professions. This is done in two ways. A first method is
based on the decile division of the sectors and professions. The second
method is based on the calculation and comparison of the segregation
indices. Because length of the working week and the sex of the worker
are so closely related, some attention is given to segregation and
part-time work in different sectors and professions. Finally, an
attempt is made to create a typology of both sectors and professions
based on the different variables mentioned in this
report."
Correspondence: Institut National de
Statistique, 44 rue de Louvain, Centre Albert, 8e étage, 1000
Brussels, Belgium. Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
