Studies concerned with the relations between population factors as a whole and economic aspects. Relations affecting a single demographic variable and economic factors are coded under the variable concerned and cross-referenced to this division, if appropriate.
Studies concerned equally with economic and social development. Most studies on the microeconomics of the family will be found in G.2. Family and Household and cross-referenced to this division, if appropriate.
Studies on economic and social development with a worldwide emphasis, together with those with no geographical emphasis.
63:20378 Dunbabin, J. P. D. The
demographic causes of the industrial revolution--some
qualifications. Journal of European Economic History, Vol. 24, No.
2, Fall 1995. 405-10 pp. Rome, Italy. In Eng.
The author comments
on a recent article by Julian Simon on the relationship between
population growth and economic development. Using examples from the
British Isles and China, he suggests that Simon claims too much for
population growth as a primary cause of economic development.
For
the article by Simon, published in 1994, see 60:40637.
Correspondence: J. P. D. Dunbabin, University of Oxford,
Saint Edmund Hall, Oxford OX1 4AR, England. Location:
Princeton University Library (PF).
63:20379 Easterlin, Richard A.
Growth triumphant: the twenty-first century in historical
perspective. Economics, Cognition, and Society, ISBN
0-472-10694-5. LC 96-4458. 1996. xiv, 200 pp. University of Michigan
Press: Ann Arbor, Michigan. In Eng.
"This book is about...two
phenomena--modern economic growth and population growth. It analyzes
their nature, causes, and effects; their interrelations; and the
outlook for the future implied by past experience." Following a
historical overview, the remainder of the book is divided into three
parts. Part 1 focuses on modern economic growth. Part 2 examines
population growth, including the nature and causes of the mortality
revolution, the economic impact of rapid population growth, the nature
and causes of the fertility transition, and the relation between a
stagnant population and the economy in developed countries. Part 3 is
concerned with the implications for the future. The author concludes
that, if political upheaval can be successfully contained, economic
growth will triumph everywhere: however, he cautions that this may
prove to be a hollow victory.
Correspondence: University of
Michigan Press, 639 Greene Street, P.O. Box 1104, Ann Arbor, MI 48106.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
63:20380 van den Brekel, J. C.; Kuijsten, A.
C.; Liefbroer, A. C.; Meijer, W. A. Population and
development: aspects of the population problem around the world.
[Bevolking en ontwikkeling: aspecten van het bevolkingsvraagstuk in de
wereld.] Bevolking en Gezin, ISBN 90-709-9043-1. 1993. 133 pp. Centrum
voor Bevolkings- en Gezinsstudiën [CBGS]: Brussels, Belgium;
Nederlands Interdisciplinair Demografisch Instituut [NIDI]: The Hague,
Netherlands. In Dut. with sum. in Eng.
"On the occasion of its
65th birthday, the Netherlands Demographic Society, in co-operation
with NIDI and the World Population Foundation, organized a conference
on `Population and Development' in Amsterdam on the 25th of November,
1993. This conference formed part of the Netherlands' preparations for
the International Conference on Population and Development (ICPD) in
Caïro in 1994." This is a collection of articles presented at
the conference. Chapters are included on the 1994 World Population
Conference; population policy, sustainable development, and the war
against poverty; population policy with women; international migration
and sustainable development; and the aging of the world's
population.
Correspondence: Centrum voor Bevolkings- en
Gezinsstudiën, Markiesstraat 1, 1000 Brussels, Belgium.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
General studies on the relations between population factors and economic development in developing countries. Includes studies on dependency as they relate to developing countries.
63:20381 Peru. Instituto Nacional de
Estadística e Informática. Dirección
Técnica de Demografía y Estudios Sociales (Lima,
Peru). The socioeconomic implications of population
growth, 1995-2015. [Implicancias socio-económicas del
crecimiento de la población, 1995-2015.] Pub. Order No.
307-95-SG-OEPI. Apr 1995. 65 pp. Lima, Peru. In Spa.
This report
examines the impact of projected trends in population growth in Peru up
to the year 2015 on various key sectors of the country's development,
including education, health, and the labor
force.
Correspondence: Instituto Nacional de
Estadística e Informática, General Garzón 654-658,
Lima 11, Peru. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
63:20382 Rofman, Alejandro.
Demographic, social, and economic changes on the urban-regional
level in contemporary Argentina: the impact of the model of prevailing
accumulation. [Transformaciones demográficas, sociales y
económicas en nivel urbano-regional en la Argentina
contemporánea: el impacto del modelo de acumulación
vigente.] Realidad Económica, No. 126, Aug-Sep 1994. 112-38 pp.
Buenos Aires, Argentina. In Spa.
The author reviews demographic,
social, and economic developments in Argentina from the 1970s to the
early 1990s. Information is provided on rural-urban differentials,
gross national product by province, income distribution, and
employment.
Correspondence: A. Rofman, Universidad de
Buenos Aires, Calle Viamonte 430/444, 1053 Buenos Aires, Argentina.
Location: Princeton University Library (FST).
Studies on the relations between population and economic factors as they affect the developed world. Also includes studies on the economic effects of a stationary or declining population, the effects of aging on the economy, retirement, and problems of economic dependency in developed countries.
63:20383 Blanchet, Didier; Monfort, J.
A. Pensions and generational histories in a simple
demo-economic model. In: Seminar on intergenerational economic
relations and demographic change: papers. [1996]. 1-38 pp.
International Union for the Scientific Study of Population [IUSSP],
Commitee on Economic Demography: Liège, Belgium. In Eng. with
sum. in Fre.
"This paper proposes some simulations of the
future of the French pension system according to different scenarios:
no reform; reform as introduced in 1993, completed or not by the
development of complementary funded pension schemes; [and] increase of
the mean age at retirement. These simulations are realized in the
context of a simple demo-economic model....Results show that scenarios
derived from the 1993 reform mainly penalize older pensioners, and that
a significant postponing of retirement age could remain compatible with
the preservation of its average duration."
Correspondence:
D. Blanchet, Institut National de la Statistique et des Etudes
Economiques, 27 rue du Commandeur, 75675 Paris Cedex 14, France.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
63:20384 Fodor, Eben V. The real
cost of growth in Oregon. Population and Environment, Vol. 18, No.
4, Mar 1997. 373-88 pp. New York, New York. In Eng.
"This
study is an initial effort to provide a more complete understanding of
the current costs of growth in Oregon....An analysis of seven public
infrastructure cost areas associated with the construction of a typical
single-family house--including public facilities for schools, sewer,
storm drainage, roads, water service, parks and recreation, and fire
protection--shows that the total cost is about $24,500 per house.
Oregon's development impact fees are recovering only a fraction of
these costs. As a result, most of these public infrastructure costs are
distributed across the entire population of a community through
property taxes or general obligation bonds, whereas the benefits of
these investments accrue primarily to the new
development."
Correspondence: E. V. Fodor, Energy and
Environmental Planning Associates, 394 East 32nd Avenue, Eugene, OR
97405. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
63:20385 Hurd, Michael D.; Yashiro,
Naohiro. The economic effects of aging in the United
States and Japan. A National Bureau of Economic Research
Conference Report, ISBN 0-226-36100-4. LC 96-23921. 1997. viii, 362 pp.
University of Chicago Press: Chicago, Illinois; National Bureau of
Economic Research [NBER]: Cambridge, Massachusetts. In Eng.
This
volume consists of papers presented at a conference held in Hakone,
Japan, in September, 1993. The focus of the papers is on both the
micro- and macro-economic effects of population aging in Japan and the
United States. The 14 papers are divided into sections on demography
and the macroeconomic impact of aging; aging and asset markets; aging,
household saving, and retirement; and public pension
reform.
Correspondence: University of Chicago Press, 5801
South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, IL 60637. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
63:20386 Linder, Marc. The
dilemmas of laissez-faire population policy in capitalist societies:
when the invisible hand controls reproduction. Contributions in
Economics and Economic History, No. 183, ISBN 0-313-30309-6. LC
96-32978. 1997. xvii, 354 pp. Greenwood Press: Westport, Connecticut.
In Eng.
"From historical, economic, social, political,
demographic, and legal perspectives this book studies the consequences
for the labor markets of capitalist societies of their laissez-faire
regime of human reproduction....The central thesis of the book is that
the planlessness of the reproduction of the biological basis of the
workforce is no more (but also no less) a problem for capitalism than
its spontaneous market processes....Part I situates the discussion of
the micro- and macroeconomic consequences of family size within the
contemporary demographic debate....Part II analyzes the history of the
theory and practice of invisible-hand Malthusianism....Part III focuses
on the working-class or socialist response to Malthusianism...[and]
Part IV brings the subject into the present and
future."
Correspondence: Greenwood Press, 88 Post Road
West, Box 5007, Westport, CT 06881. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
63:20387 Ogawa, Naohiro; Retherford, Robert
D. Shifting costs of caring for the elderly back to
families in Japan: will it work? Population and Development
Review, Vol. 23, No. 1, Mar 1997. 59-94, 224, 226 pp. New York, New
York. In Eng. with sum. in Fre; Spa.
"Over the next 30 years
the percentage of Japan's population who are elderly will rise rapidly
to unprecedented levels, and the country's population will become the
oldest in the world. The financial pressures on Japan's social security
system will be severe. To alleviate these pressures, the government is
attempting to shift some of the costs of the social security system
back to families. But fundamental economic, social, and value changes,
discussed in this article, are eroding the capacity of the Japanese
family to care for elderly parents. It is therefore unlikely that the
government will succeed in shifting the costs
appreciably."
Correspondence: N. Ogawa, Nihon
University, Population Research Institute, 3-2 Misaki-cho, 1-chome,
Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102, Japan. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
63:20388 Quénet, Jacques.
Businesses and demography. [Entreprises et
démographie.] Population et Avenir, No. 631, Jan-Feb 1997. 2-10
pp. Paris, France. In Fre.
This two-part article discusses the
application of demographic concepts and methods to the management of
human resources in large enterprises in both the public and private
sectors. In the first part, the author concludes that the failure to
integrate these concepts and methods is primarily due to lack of
information, underestimation of their relevance, and failure to apply
them appropriately. In the second part, he spells out how they could be
applied better in the future, with particular regard to the concept of
age distribution and understanding the future implications of the
characteristics of the current workforce. The primary focus is on the
situation in developed countries.
Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
63:20389 Schmähl, Winfried.
Migration and social security. On the necessity of a differentiated
analysis: the example of statutory health and pension insurance.
[Migration und soziale Sicherung. Über die Notwendigkeit einer
differenzierten Betrachtung: das Beispiel der gesetzlichen Kranken- und
Rentenversicherung.] Hamburger Jahrbuch für Wirtschafts- und
Gesellschaftspolitik, Vol. 40, 1995. 247-71 pp. Tübingen, Germany.
In Ger. with sum. in Eng.
"Statements about the effects of
migration on social security or on the need for more immigrants to
solve the future problems of social security financing are often based
on rather global approaches towards the identification of such effects.
In this paper it is argued that a differentiated analysis is necessary
to obtain a realistic view of possible effects. This is exemplified for
German statutory health and pension insurance. The lack of statistical
data for quantitative analysis is also discussed. It cannot be decided
whether more immigrants are `needed' by considering only the effects on
social security. A comprehensive and comparative view is necessary,
taking into account effects on other areas of social and economic life
as well as the effects of other strategies for coping e.g. with the
financing problems of social security."
Location:
Cornell University Library, Ithaca, NY.
Studies on the environment, quality of life, conservation, food production, etc., and their interrelations with population factors.
63:20390 Bender, William; Smith,
Margaret. Population, food, and nutrition. Population
Bulletin, Vol. 51, No. 4, Feb 1997. 48 pp. Population Reference Bureau:
Washington, D.C. In Eng.
"This Population Bulletin explores
the factors that determine both the demand for and supply of food
worldwide. The demand is determined primarily by the number of people,
but it is also affected by the lifestyle and type of diet people adopt,
and by the amount of food that is spoiled or wasted in food
distribution and marketing systems. The food supply increased
dramatically over the past few decades as high-yielding strains of
wheat, rice, and other major staples were developed and disseminated in
major agricultural regions, and more efficient farming methods were
introduced. However, we do not know how much more yields can increase.
The authors explore ways to increase yields...and discuss constraints
on agricultural production, such as erosion and salinization of the
soil. The authors also discuss the vital role of agricultural research
and government policies in ensuring food security for the
world."
Correspondence: Population Reference Bureau,
1875 Connecticut Avenue NW, Suite 520, Washington, D.C. 20009-5728.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
63:20391 Gaffin, Stuart R.; O'Neill, Brian
C. Population and global warming with and without CO2
targets. Population and Environment, Vol. 18, No. 4, Mar 1997.
389-413 pp. New York, New York. In Eng.
"The sensitivity of
future global warming to variable population growth rates is reexamined
as part of an ongoing debate over the extent to which climate change
should be added to the list of concerns surrounding population growth.
The UN 1992 low, medium and high population projections out to the year
2150 are run through an integrated climate-economics model which allows
the effect of population variability to be traced through to [carbon
dioxide] emissions, concentrations, warming and economic growth. We
treat separately the cases of population's role in global warming,
first without and then with specified atmospheric
targets."
Correspondence: S. R. Gaffin, Environmental
Defense Fund, Global Atmosphere Program, 257 Park Avenue South, New
York, NY 10010. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
63:20392 Heilig, Gerhard K.
Anthropogenic factors in land-use change in China. Population
and Development Review, Vol. 23, No. 1, Mar 1997. 139-68, 225, 227 pp.
New York, New York. In Eng. with sum. in Fre; Spa.
"The author
analyzes five anthropogenic driving forces of land-use change in China:
population growth, urbanization, industrialization, changes in
lifestyles and consumption, and shifts in political and economic
arrangements and institutions. The intention is to demonstrate the
broad range of factors other than biogeophysical conditions that will
affect future land-use patterns in China. A first set of statistical
data was collected to analyze these demographic and socioeconomic
trends. The author also includes new estimates on China's cultivated
land area, indicating that it is more seriously under-reported in
official statistics than previously
acknowledged."
Correspondence: G. K. Heilig,
International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, 2361 Laxenburg,
Austria. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
63:20393 Maher, T. Michael. How
and why journalists avoid the population-environment connection.
Population and Environment, Vol. 18, No. 4, Mar 1997. 339-72 pp. New
York, New York. In Eng.
"Recent surveys show that Americans
are less concerned about population than they were 25 years ago, and
they are not connecting environmental degradation to population growth.
News coverage is a significant variable affecting public opinion, and
how reporters frame a problem frequently signals what is causing the
problem. Using a random sample of 150 stories about urban sprawl,
endangered species and water shortages, Part I of this study shows that
only about one story in 10 framed population growth as a source of the
problem. Further, only one story in the entire sample mentioned
population stability among the realm of possible solutions. Part II
presents the results of interviews with 25 journalists whose stories on
local environmental problems omitted the causal role of population
growth. It shows that journalists are aware of the controversial nature
of the population issue, and prefer to avoid it if possible. Most
interviewees said that a national phenomenon like population growth was
beyond the scope of what they could write as local
reporters."
Correspondence: T. M. Maher, University of
Southwestern Louisiana, Department of Communication, P.O. Box 43650,
Lafayette, LA 70504-3650. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
63:20394 Naylor, Rosamond; Falcon, Walter;
Zavaleta, Erika. Variability and growth in grain yields,
1950-94: does the record point to greater instability? Population
and Development Review, Vol. 23, No. 1, Mar 1997. 41-58, 223-6 pp. New
York, New York. In Eng. with sum. in Fre; Spa.
"The outcome of
the `race' between population and food is of enduring contemporary
interest....This article assesses the growth and variability of corn,
wheat, and rice yields from 1950 to 1994 on a global and regional
basis. The results suggest that any broadly held notions of greatly
increasing instability in global grain yields are probably wrong. More
important, yield variability has not risen significantly between 1950
and 1994 in the developing world as a whole. Instability in corn yields
has increased, however, in the developed world--particularly in North
America--and in Africa. Higher yield variability is not necessarily a
portent of disaster, but adjustments in trade, livestock, or storage
are not instantaneous, automatic, or costless. Even world-food
`optimists' need to worry about the possible effects of two or three
successive `bad' corn crops in North
America."
Correspondence: R. Naylor, Stanford
University, Institute for International Studies, Stanford, CA 94305.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
63:20395 Osuntogun, Adeniyi; Adewuyi,
Alfred. Population and the Nigerian environment. ISBN
978-32591-0-5. 1994. vii, 129 pp. Foundation for Environmental
Development and Education in Nigeria: Lagos, Nigeria. In Eng.
The
eight papers included in this publication are selected from
contributions read at a seminar on population and the Nigerian
environment. There are papers on theoretical aspects of the
relationship between population and the environment, policy options
regarding development issues, health, employment, women's issues,
urbanization, population dynamics, and sustainable
development.
Correspondence: Foundation for Environmental
Development and Education in Nigeria, 8 Thorburn Avenue, Yaba, P.O. Box
664, Yaba, Lagos, Nigeria. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
63:20396 van Imhoff, Evert.
Population and environment: demographic aspects of sustainable
development. [Bevolking en milieu: demografische aspecten van
duurzame ontwikkeling.] Bevolking en Gezin, No. 1, 1994. 109-28 pp.
Brussels, Belgium. In Dut. with sum. in Eng.
"The topic
`population and environment' is apparently a very sensitive issue. This
paper is an attempt to bridge the gap between the adherents of extreme
positions in the debate, by simultaneously incorporating demography and
economy in a global analysis of environmental problems. This is done by
means of a strongly simplified analytic diagram....The paper then
addresses the question whether continuing population growth is
compatible with sustainable development, and the question whether a
sustainable world population level exists. The conclusion is, that
sustainable development can be achieved only with drastic modifications
in both the current pattern of economic behaviour and the current
demographic developments."
Correspondence: E. van
Imhoff, Netherlands Interdisciplinary Demographic Institute, Postbus
11650, 2502 AR The Hague, Netherlands. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
63:20397 Warner, Stanley; Feinstein, Mark;
Coppinger, Raymond; Clemence, Elisabeth. Global population
growth and the demise of nature. Environmental Values, Vol. 5, No.
4, 1996. 285-302 pp. Cambridge, England. In Eng.
"We suggest
that current trends in population growth are unlikely to abate for
three reasons: first, there are intrinsic biological pressures to
reproduce regardless of social engineering; second, the character of
the domestic alliance makes it a formidable competitor to wildlife; and
third, the time frame before population doubling is, from a biological
perspective, virtually instantaneous. This paper draws from a wide body
of research in the biological and social sciences. We neither condone
nor endorse this picture of inexorable population increase. Rather, we
appeal for a change in the nature of the discussion of population among
environmentalists, to focus on the question of how best to manage what
wildlife will be left on the margins of a domesticated
world."
Correspondence: S. Warner, Hampshire College,
Amherst, MA 01002. Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
Studies of employment and labor force statistics that are of demographic relevance. Includes studies of the labor force (employment status, occupation, and industry) and of the relations among employment, labor force participation, and population factors. Studies on the effect of female labor force participation on fertility are coded under F.1. General Fertility and cross-referenced here.
63:20398 Bailey, Adrian J.
Migration and unemployment duration among young adults. Papers
in Regional Science, Vol. 73, No. 3, Jul 1994. 289-307 pp. Urbana,
Illinois. In Eng.
"The relationship between migration and
unemployment duration is examined. Standard job search predictors of
spell length (replacement income, labor force experience, personal
characteristics and economic conditions) are included as control
variables alongside measures of migration in a Weibull hazard model.
The model is estimated using data from the [U.S.] National Longitudinal
Survey of Youth. Young adults who migrated while unemployed had longer
durations of unemployment than those who did not migrate. The rate at
which they found jobs was also linked to how long they had been
unemployed, to being laid off, being African American, to going to
college, having a mortgage and to national unemployment
conditions."
Correspondence: A. J. Bailey, Dartmouth
College, Department of Geography, Hanover, NH 03755. Location:
Princeton University Library (UES).
63:20399 Blanchet, Didier; Pennec,
Sophie. Is the rise in the female participation rate
linked to fertility rate trends? [Hausse de l'activité
féminine: quels liens avec l'évolution de la
fécondité?] Economie et Statistique, No. 300, Oct 1996.
95-104, 124-8 pp. Paris, France. In Fre. with sum. in Eng; Ger; Spa.
The relationship between female labor force participation and
fertility in France is examined using a model that does not accentuate
any of the various interdependencies involved. "The application of
this model reveals the driving role of preference for work over an
intrinsic disinclination for large families. This theory is compatible
with an important characteristic in the development of the female
participation rate: the fact that it has risen sharply across all
family sizes, all things being equal elsewhere. The same finding
results from an analysis of demographic and working behaviour based on
the mother's level of qualifications."
Correspondence:
D. Blanchet, Institut National d'Etudes Démographiques, 27
rue du Commandeur, 75675 Paris Cedex 14, France. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
63:20400 Blanchet, Didier; Marioni,
Pierre. Work after age 55: recent trends and forecast
elements. [L'activité après 55 ans:
évolutions récentes et éléments de
prospective.] Economie et Statistique, No. 300, Oct 1996. 105-18, 124-8
pp. Paris, France. In Fre. with sum. in Eng; Ger; Spa.
Labor force
participation in France of those aged over 55 years is analyzed in this
article. "The drop in the participation rate in later years is a
longterm trend found in most developed countries. It is a common method
for reducing working hours over an entire life cycle and has been made
possible by the growth in productivity and the development of pension
schemes. However, the phenomenon grew in the mid-1970s, especially in
France, due to the growth in early retirement and end-of-career
unemployment and also the lowering of the legal retirement age. The
participation rate in France is now very low after sixty and is one of
the lowest in Europe for the 55-to-59-year-old age
bracket."
Correspondence: D. Blanchet, Institut
National d'Etudes Démographiques, 27 rue du Commandeur, 75675
Paris Cedex 14, France. Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
63:20401 Bourdallé, Georges; Cases,
Chantal. Participation rates for those aged 25 to 60: age
and generation effects. [Les taux d'activités des 25-60
ans: les effets de l'âge et de la génération.]
Economie et Statistique, No. 300, Oct 1996. 83-93, 123-8 pp. Paris,
France. In Fre. with sum. in Eng; Ger; Spa.
Labor force
participation for those aged 25 to 60 in France is analyzed over the
period 1975 to 1994. "Over these two decades, female participation
rates rose sharply, particularly among the young and intermediate age
groups and the least qualified. At the same time, the overall male
participation rate dropped slightly due mainly to more frequent
retirement at the end of working life and among the least qualified. An
econometric analysis of female participation rates shows, in contrast
to the men, an extensive change in working patterns between
generations. The sharp rise in participation rates for the generations
born from the 1930s to the 1960s has only been slightly tempered by the
relative economic downturn posted after
1977."
Correspondence: C. Cases, Institut National de
la Statistique et des Etudes Economiques, Division Revenus et
Patrimoine des Ménages, 18 boulevard Adolphe Pinard, 75675 Paris
Cedex 14, France. Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
63:20402 Brondel, Daniel. Changes
in the French working population in a European context.
[L'évolution de la population active française dans le
contexte européen.] Economie et Statistique, No. 300, Oct 1996.
55-70, 123-7 pp. Paris, France. In Fre. with sum. in Eng; Ger; Spa.
Recent trends in the dynamics of the population of working age in
France are analyzed and compared to those in other countries in the
European Union. "Since the early 1980s, growth in the French
working population has been slower and demographic growth higher than
in the other European Union countries. This trend can be explained by
the sharp downturn in activity in France. The drop in employment among
young people and the oldest potential workers is partially due to
labour market adjustments specific to France. The French working
population is now highly concentrated in the intermediate age brackets.
The proportion of women in this population is also growing, with France
having one of the highest female participation rates in the European
Union." The author concludes that the relatively healthy
demographic trends in France should lead to fewer problems in the
future development of the labor force in comparison with some other
European countries, provided that the problems in finding work for
younger workers and those approaching retirement can be
solved.
Correspondence: D. Brondel, Institut National de la
Statistique et des Etudes Economiques, Division Emploi, 18 boulevard
Adolphe Pinard, 75675 Paris Cedex 14, France. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
63:20403 Gould, M. I.; Fieldhouse, E.
Using the 1991 Census SAR in a multilevel analysis of male
unemployment. Environment and Planning A, Vol. 29, No. 4, Apr
1997. 611-28 pp. London, England. In Eng.
"The Sample of
Anonymised Records drawn from the 1991 [United Kingdom] Census is used
to model geographical, demographic, and socioeconomic variations in
male unemployment by means of multilevel logit models. The underlying
structure of the problem is such that cells in a multiway
cross-tabulation of individual characteristics (level 1) are nested
within places (level 2). Geographical variations in male unemployment
are found even after allowing for age, marital status, ethnicity,
higher education qualifications, social class, and
industry."
Correspondence: M. I. Gould, University of
Portsmouth, Department of Geography, Buckingham Building, Lion Terrace,
Portsmouth PO1 3HE, England. E-mail: gouldm@geog.port.ac.uk.
Location: Princeton University Library (UES).
63:20404 Guillemot, Danièle.
The working population: a statistical category that is hard to
define. [La population active: une catégorie statistique
difficile à cerner.] Economie et Statistique, No. 300, Oct 1996.
39-53, 123-7 pp. Paris, France. In Fre. with sum. in Eng; Ger; Spa.
The author examines some of the definitions that have been used to
define the working population in France. "The working population
resulting from censuses and related statistical sources is based on
individuals' spontaneous statements. Its content does not match up
exactly with the working population defined by the ILO, which seeks to
estimate the labour force available for production. Therefore, certain
categories such as `discouraged male job-seekers' (160,000 in March
1995), `revealed female job-seekers' (housewives who would prefer to
work) (130,000) and `trainees' (120,000) are considered by the census
definition to be in the working population, but are deemed unoccupied
by the ILO definition." The author stresses the need to clarify
and limit the statistical categories used, so that better forecasts of
the future working population can be prepared and the prospects for
drawing international comparisons and conducting behavioral analyses
can be increased.
Correspondence: D. Guillemot,
Commissariat Général du Plan, Paris, France.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
63:20405 Guillon, Michelle.
Foreigners and naturalized French citizens: a slow social
diversification (1982-1990). [Etrangers et français par
acquisition, une lente diversification sociale (1982-1990).] Revue
Européenne des Migrations Internationales, Vol. 12, No. 2, 1996.
123-48 pp. Poitiers, France. In Fre. with sum. in Eng; Spa.
"Two decades of economic recession have brought about profound
transformations in the social structure of France's working population.
In this article we focused on an analysis of socioprofessional
statistics from the censuses of 1982 and 1990 (the first ones to use
the new terminology) as means of understanding the role and status in
these developments of populations produced by immigration. The social
gap between working people of foreign origin and the birthright French
remains quite considerable. Nevertheless, despite the economic
situation, the social homogeneity of the minority population seems to
be fading. Although the great majority of working people from a foreign
background are still employed in low-echelon industrial and service
jobs, there is a tendency for this homogeneity to blur
slightly."
Correspondence: M. Guillon,
Université de Poitiers, UMR MIGRINTER-IERS, CNRS, 95 avenue du
Recteur-Pineau, 86022 Poitiers Cedex, France. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
63:20406 Kowalska, Anna.
Projecting labour force supply and demand (current experiences of
Central Statistical Office of Poland). Polish Population Review,
No. 9, 1996. 119-30 pp. Warsaw, Poland. In Eng.
The author presents
recent projections of the labor force in Poland. Aspects considered
include the reliability of both supply and demand projections; trends
for urban and rural areas; the aging of the labor force; public and
private sector employment prospects; occupations; and government
opinion.
Correspondence: A. Kowalska, Central Statistical
Office, Department of Labour, Al. Niepodleglosci 208, 00-925 Warsaw,
Poland. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
63:20407 Mahmud, Simeen. The role
of women's employment programmes in influencing fertility regulation in
rural Bangladesh. Bangladesh Development Studies, Vol. 22, No.
2-3, Jun-Sep 1994. 93-119 pp. Dhaka, Bangladesh. In Eng.
The author
explores the extent to which participation in employment programs can
reduce fertility in rural areas of Bangladesh. Data are used from four
such programs, two of which were governmental and two of which were in
the private sector. "Using a quasi-experimental design
comprising...programme participating women and a comparison group of
non-participants, [the author] seeks to identify factors related to
women's work context that are important in determining contraceptive
use. The paper finds that changes in women's work context in terms of
higher returns to labour, increased access to extra-family support and
greater mobility outside the home are most strongly associated with the
increased use of modern contraceptives among rural women residing in
intervention areas."
Correspondence: S. Mahmud,
Bangladesh Institute of Development Studies, Adamjee Court, Motijheel
Commercial Area, Dhaka-2, Bangladesh. Location: Princeton
University Library (PF).
63:20408 Marcelli, Enrico A.; Heer, David
M. Unauthorized Mexican workers in the 1990 Los Angeles
County labour force. International Migration, Vol. 35, No. 1,
1997. 59-83 pp. Oxford, England. In Eng. with sum. in Fre; Spa.
"By analysing how unauthorized Mexicans compare with seven
other ethno-racial groups in Los Angeles County, separately and
collectively, by educational attainment and time spent in the U.S., we
find that unauthorized Mexicans had relatively fewer years of formal
education (either in the U.S. or in Mexico) and had been in the U.S. a
relatively fewer number of years than in-migrants of other ethno-racial
backgrounds in 1990. These findings are then used as proxies to compare
the human capital endowments of different ethno-racial groups. We next
estimate the number of unauthorized Mexicans by occupation, industry
and class of worker, and compare these distributions with the total
labour force and with the other ethno-racial groups in Los Angeles
County....Results show that amounts of human capital are positively
related to the kinds of occupations
filled."
Correspondence: E. A. Marcelli, University of
Southern California, Department of Economics, Los Angeles, CA
90089-0035. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
63:20409 Mertens, Noortje; van Doorne-Huiskes,
Anneke; Schippers, Joop; Siegers, Jacques. Mothers' low
labor force participation in the Netherlands: cultural norms versus
lack of facilities. [De lage arbeidsmarktparticipatie van moeders
in Nederland: culturele normen versus gebrek aan faciliteiten.]
Bevolking en Gezin, No. 1, 1995. 49-78 pp. Brussels, Belgium. In Dut.
with sum. in Eng.
"In this article we discuss several
explanations put forward to account for the low level of women's labour
market participation in the Netherlands....The explanations for women's
low participation in the labour market can be divided into two broad
categories. Explanations belonging to the first category stress the
importance of women's traditional activity-patterns, based on the
economic principle of a male breadwinner earning enough money to
provide for his wife and children, and social and cultural norms with
respect to combining being a mother and raising a family on the one
hand and earning an income in the labour market on the other. The
second category includes explanations pointing to restrictions
following from the lack of adequate facilities to combine a career as a
mother with a career in the labour market....The article will discuss
the relevance of both explanations for the situation of women in the
Netherlands for the mid-nineties and discuss policy measures suitable
to improve this situation."
Correspondence: N.
Mertens, Universiteit Utrecht, Economisch Institut/Centrum voor
Interdisciplinair Onderzoek van Arbeidsmarkt- en
Verdelingsvraagstukken, Kromme Nieuwegracht 22, 3512 HH Utrecht,
Netherlands. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
63:20410 Nowakowska, Barbara; Kowaleski, Jerzy
T. Labour force. Outlook to the year 2020 according to the
current Central Statistical Office forecast. Polish Population
Review, No. 9, 1996. 96-118 pp. Warsaw, Poland. In Eng.
"The
paper deals with the changes in the number and structure of population
of working age in Poland and by voivodeships to the year 2020 as
presented by the most current demographic forecast of the Central
Statistical Office. The period 1995-2020 is going to be characterised,
in its first stage, by a serious increase in the number of population
of working age and then, after the year 2010, the size of this group
will considerably contract....The changes flagged will vary
geographically."
Correspondence: B. Nowakowska,
University of Lódz, ul. Rewolucji 1905 r. No. 41, Lódz,
Poland. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
63:20411 Rönsen, Marit; Sundström,
Marianne. Women's return to work after first birth in the
Nordic countries--full or part time? Stockholm Research Reports in
Demography, No. 112, ISBN 91-7820-144-6. Jan 1997. 27, [1] pp.
Stockholm University, Demography Unit: Stockholm, Sweden. In Eng.
"The Nordic countries are characterized by high employment
rates among mothers with young children and by relatively high
fertility rates compared to many other European countries. Hence,
Nordic women have to a large extent adopted strategies that accommodate
both children and paid work. In this paper we investigate such
strategies, comparing the return to full-time and part-time work among
first-time mothers in three Nordic countries--Norway, Sweden and
Finland--in 1968-88....We use data from three surveys with almost
identical designs: the 1988 Norwegian Family and Occupation Survey, the
1992 Swedish Family Survey and the 1989 Finnish Population Survey. In
particular we investigate to what extent the country differences in
reentry into full-time and part-time work are the result of differences
in policy, in responses to similar policies, or in other
factors."
Correspondence: Stockholm University,
Demography Unit, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden. Author's E-mail:
Marianne.Sundstrom@suda.su.se. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
63:20412 Roy, Arun S. Job
displacement effects of Canadian immigrants by country of origin and
occupation. International Migration Review, Vol. 31, No. 1, Spring
1997. 150-61 pp. Staten Island, New York. In Eng.
"Some
previous Canadian studies have shown that considering the labor market
as a whole and also pooling all immigrants as a group, immigrants do
not have any job displacement effects on the Canadian born. This study
presents some new evidence. It disaggregates immigrants by country of
origin and by occupation groups and provides an analysis of job
displacement effects of immigrants on the native-born Canadians by
these dimensions. The study finds that (1) U.S. immigrants and the
Canadians are substitutes [for] competing groups in the labor market
and the effect is quite significant; (2) Canadians and Europeans are
competing groups in certain occupations, while they have complementary
skills in others; and (3) immigrants from the Third World and the
Canadians are slightly competing groups in certain
occupations."
Correspondence: A. S. Roy, Human
Resources Development Canada, Ottawa, Canada. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
63:20413 Sassen, Saskia. New
employment regimes in cities: the impact on immigrant workers. New
Community, Vol. 22, No. 4, Oct 1996. 579-94 pp. Abingdon, England. In
Eng.
"The major cities of highly developed countries exhibit
marked changes in job supplies and employment relations. It is
frequently held that post-industrial societies require plentiful
supplies of highly educated workers and will hold no openings for the
low skilled. It is this latter category of jobs that immigrants have
tended to fill in recent decades. Empirical data on major cities in
advanced economies negate this supposition, revealing that there is an
ongoing demand for immigrant labour and a continuing stream of
employment opportunities which do not require high educational levels
and which pay low wages. The article examines whether this job supply
is merely a residue, to some extent augmented by the supply of low wage
workers themselves, or whether it is a feature of a reconfigured labour
market in advanced urban economies, i.e. a systemic
development."
Correspondence: S. Sassen, Columbia
University, School of International and Public Affairs, Department of
Urban Planning, Morningside Heights, New York, NY 10027. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
63:20414 Wise, David A.
Retirement against the demographic trend: more older people living
longer, working less, and saving less. Demography, Vol. 34, No. 1,
Feb 1997. 83-95 pp. Silver Spring, Maryland. In Eng.
"I have
illustrated that Social Security and employer-provided pension plans
provide substantial incentive to leave the labor force early. The
quantitative effect of this inducement is illustrated by simulating the
effects of changes in pension plan and Social Security provisions on
the retirement decisions of employees in a large [U.S.] firm, who are
covered by a typical defined benefit pension plan. Scheduled Social
Security changes would have little effect on the retirement decisions
of employees with a typical defined benefit pension plan like the one
considered here. But if the pension plan provisions were changed to
correspond to the Social Security changes, the effect would be very
large. And, although not contemplated by current legislation, it is
clear that an increase in the Social Security early retirement age
would have a substantial effect on the early retirement rates of the
large number of employees not covered by a pension
plan."
Correspondence: D. A. Wise, Harvard University,
National Bureau of Economic Research, 1050 Massachusetts Avenue,
Cambridge, MA 02138. E-mail: dwise@nber.harvard.edu. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
63:20415 Zgierska, Agnieszka.
Forecast of labour force in Poland to the year 2020: methodology
and results. Polish Population Review, No. 9, 1996. 75-95 pp.
Warsaw, Poland. In Eng.
"In 1995 the Labour Statistics
Division of the Central Statistical Office (CSO) started methodological
work on the preparation of a forecast of the labour force in Poland to
the year 2020....Variant `intermediate' assumes a slow reconstruction
of the economic activity of population from the level of the period
1978-88 (census 1978 and census 1988). The main part of this
`reconstruction' will take place in the years 1995-2010. The greatest
anticipated changes concern youths (18-24 years), persons of immobility
age (males 45-64 years and females 45-59 years) and the first groups of
the retirement age. Variant `maximum' assumes that the anticipated
`reconstruction' labour force participation rate will be faster
(compared with variant `intermediate')."
Correspondence:
A. Zgierska, Central Statistical Office, Al. Niepodleglosci 208,
00-925 Warsaw, Poland. Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
