Primarily references to descriptive studies. Official tabular material will be found under S. Official Statistical Publications. Items that are primarily analytical, but that also contain information on characteristics, will be found under K. Demographic and Economic Interrelations and Natural Resources or L. Demographic and Noneconomic Interrelations, as appropriate.
Descriptive studies of populations according to various demographic characteristics, including age, sex, sex ratios, and marital status. Studies on demographic aging are also included.
63:20333 Coney, Nancy S.; Mackey, Wade
C. Weinberg's Rule versus facultative sex ratio: an
impasse in need of Occam's razor. Mankind Quarterly, Vol. 37, No.
2, Winter 1996. 187-201 pp. Washington, D.C. In Eng.
"The
dynamics of the human sex ratio has two thematic interpretations. One
interpretation is that the sperm essentially operate independently of
each other, and gender determination at conception is approximated by a
coin-flip analogy. This interpretation forms the basis of Weinberg's
Rule. The second interpretation is that the woman's ecological
situation biases her toward/away from androsperm or gynosperm, i.e.
sperm do not operate independently of each other at conception (or
differential mortality occurs as a function of gender during
gestation). This interpretation forms the basis of the notion that the
human sex ratio is facultative....Data have been gathered by adherents
to support both interpretations. The conundrum of potentially mutually
exclusive explanations being simultaneously accepted is
examined."
Correspondence: N. S. Coney, University of
Western Illinois, Macomb, IL 61455. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
63:20334 Dooghe, G. Demographic
profile of the very elderly in Belgium. [Demografisch profiel van
de hoogbejaarden in Belgie.] Bevolking en Gezin, No. 2, 1993. 65-93 pp.
Brussels, Belgium. In Dut. with sum. in Eng.
"This article
describes the development and the characteristics of the elderly aged
85 or over in Belgium. The heterogeneity of the group of the elderly
also applies to that of the very elderly: differences as to sex, age,
accommodation, income, health and degree of dependence....It is
expected that, for the coming decades, the age group 85 years and over
will proportionately increase much faster than the age group 65 years
and over....The number of families with two generations of elderly
people is rapidly increasing and thus causes a constantly higher
pressure on the sector of care....Further it appears that the income of
the elderly aged 85 or over is very problematic, although the
socio-economic position of the elderly has generally
improved."
Correspondence: G. Dooghe, Centrum voor
Bevolkings- en Gezinsstudiën, Markiesstraat 1, 1000 Brussels,
Belgium. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
63:20335 Korchagin, V. P.
Indicators of the economic and demographic development of the
population. [Indikatory ekonomiko-demograficheskogo razvitiya
naseleniya.] Sotsiologicheskie Issledovaniya, No. 9, 1996. 42-54 pp.
Moscow, Russia. In Rus.
The author develops an index of human
development, based on three main components: life expectancy,
educational status, and income. The index is applied to data for Russia
and other countries that were republics in the former Soviet
Union.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
63:20336 Kupiszewski, Marek.
Temporal and spatial variations of observed and projected age
structures in Poland in the nineteen eighties. School of Geography
Working Paper, No. 95/7, 1995. 23 pp. University of Leeds, School of
Geography: Leeds, England. In Eng.
"Recently much attention
has been paid to the question of changes of age structures, in
particular to the question of ageing and young cohorts. In Europe
ageing of population is...the focus of these research efforts. In
Poland, where the process of ageing is neither advanced nor rapid in
comparison to other European countries, not too much attention has been
paid to this question up to now....In this paper an attempt is made to
show how the fluctuating patterns of mortality, fertility and migration
observed in the late seventies and the eighties have influenced the
process of changes of population age structures....Most papers based on
the multiple-point approach concentrate on the spatial dynamics of
population. In this paper the focus is on structural
changes."
Correspondence: University of Leeds, School
of Geography, Leeds LS2 9JT, England. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
63:20337 Nair, P. Mohanchandran.
Imbalance of sex ratio of children in India. Demography India,
Vol. 25, No. 2, Jul-Dec 1996. 177-87 pp. Delhi, India. In Eng.
"This paper presents the changing sex ratio of children in
India and states and explores the possible reasons for the variations
in the sex ratio. It also intends to measure the extent of female
mortality disadvantage and describes the possible demographic, social,
health and other consequences of changing sex ratios of children.
Finally, a thought is...given as to what can be done for the well being
of female children."
Correspondence: P. M. Nair,
University of Kerala, Department of Demography, Kariavattom, Trivandrum
695 034, India. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
63:20338 Valkovics, Emil. An
attempt at quantifying the role of demographic factors determining
dependency ratios (II). [Az eltartási arányokat
meghatározó demográfiai tényezok
kvantifikálása (II).] Statisztikai Szemle, Vol. 74, No.
11, Nov 1996. 940-52 pp. Budapest, Hungary. In Hun. with sum. in Eng.
"The contribution presents, evaluates and compares four
recently elaborated quantitative procedures for estimating the
immediate determinants of changing age structures. Two of them are used
for evaluating the immediate determinants of changing proportions of
populations of different age-groups and two of them are used for
showing the immediate determinants of changing (or different) mean ages
of populations studied....[The author uses] data for the Hungarian male
population at the beginning, at the end and in the middle of
1990."
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
63:20339 Walker, Alan; Maltby, Tony.
Ageing Europe. Rethinking Ageing Series, ISBN 0-335-19747-7.
LC 96-9095. 1997. x, 149 pp. Open University Press: Bristol,
Pennsylvania/Buckingham, England. In Eng.
"This book presents
findings from recent policy oriented research undertaken by the EU's
[European Union's] Observatory on Ageing and Older People: the most
definitive account to date of socio-economic policies affecting older
people and the extent of their social integration in European society.
The book also presents the results from a specially commissioned
Eurobarometer survey of public attitudes to ageing and older people
conducted in twelve European Union countries. Overall it provides a
unique and comprehensive portrait of how older people are perceived by
the general public in the EU and how they view themselves and the
ageing process. The book criticizes European countries for failing to
come to terms with the fact of societal ageing and challenges them and
the EU itself to ensure the social integration of older
people."
Correspondence: Open University Press, Celtic
Court, 22 Ballmoor, Buckingham MK18 1XW, England. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
Descriptive studies of menarche and menopause, longevity, and increasing the life span, as well as other biological characteristics such as sex selection. Studies that are concerned with menarche and menopause as they specifically affect fertility are coded under F.5. Factors Other Than Contraception Affecting Fertility.
63:20340 Blanchard, Ray; Bogaert, Anthony
F. The relation of closed birth intervals to the sex of
the preceding child and the sexual orientation of the succeeding
child. Journal of Biosocial Science, Vol. 29, No. 1, Jan 1997.
111-8 pp. Cambridge, England. In Eng.
"The study investigated
whether homosexual men are, on average, born a shorter time after their
next-older siblings than are heterosexual men....The probands were 220
heterosexual and 183 homosexual men with at least one older sibling
examined in Southern Ontario in 1994-95. These completed a
self-administered, anonymous questionnaire concerning their family
background and other biodemographic information. The results showed
that birth interval was negatively correlated with sibship size,
positively correlated with maternal age, and uncorrelated with paternal
age. They also confirmed that birth intervals are longer after a male
than after a female child. The mean birth intervals preceding
heterosexual and homosexual males, however, were virtually identical,
indicating that the association of short birth intervals with decreased
sex hormone levels in cord blood is unrelated to the development of
sexual orientation."
Correspondence: R. Blanchard,
Clarke Institute of Psychiatry, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
63:20341 Dooghe, Gilbert. Life
expectancy and quality of life. [Levensverwachting en kwaliteit
van het leven.] Bevolking en Gezin, No. 1, 1993. 25-44 pp. Brussels,
Belgium. In Dut. with sum. in Eng.
"The controversial opinions
concerning the relationship between life expectancy and health are
successively highlighted, after which various empirical data from
international literature pass in review. Although the greatest possible
carefulness must be observed, it appears from recent empirical material
that in countries with a high life expectancy, each increase will be
accompanied by a relatively sharp rise in the number of years of being
in poorer health."
Correspondence: G. Dooghe, Centrum
voor Bevolkings- en Gezinsstudiën, Markiesstraat 1, 1000 Brussels,
Belgium. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
63:20342 Fogel, Robert W.; Costa, Dora
L. A theory of technophysio evolution, with some
implications for forecasting population, health care costs, and pension
costs. Demography, Vol. 34, No. 1, Feb 1997. 49-66 pp. Silver
Spring, Maryland. In Eng.
"We argue that over the past 300
years human physiology has been undergoing profound environmentally
induced changes made possible by numerous advances in technology. These
changes, which we call technophysio evolution, increased body size by
over 50%, and greatly improved the robustness and capacity of vital
organ systems. Because technophysio evolution is still ongoing, it is
relevant to forecasts of longevity and morbidity and, therefore, to
forecasts of the size of the elderly population and pension and health
care costs."
Correspondence: R. W. Fogel, University
of Chicago, National Bureau of Economic Research, 1101 E. 58th Street,
Chicago, IL 60637. E-mail: imok@tao.cpe.uchicago.edu. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
63:20343 Yashin, Anatoli I.; Iachine, Ivan
A. How frailty models can be used for evaluating longevity
limits: taking advantage of an interdisciplinary approach.
Demography, Vol. 34, No. 1, Feb 1997. 31-48 pp. Silver Spring,
Maryland. In Eng.
"In this paper we discuss an approach to the
analysis of mortality and longevity limits when survival data on
related individuals with and without observed covariates are available.
The approach combines the ideas of demography and survival analysis
with methods of quantitative genetics and genetic epidemiology. It
allows us to analyze the genetic structure of frailty in the Cox-type
hazard model with random effects. We demonstrate the implementation of
this strategy to survival data on Danish twins. We then evaluate the
resulting lower bounds for biological limits of human longevity.
Finally, we discuss the limitations of this approach and directions of
further research."
Correspondence: A. I. Yashin, Duke
University, Center for Demographic Studies, 2117 Campus Drive, Durham,
NC 27706. E-mail: a.yashin@chsmed.ou.dk. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
Descriptive studies of income differentials, earnings, career mobility, and other economic characteristics if allocated according to demographic groups. Analytical studies are classified under K.1.1. General Economic Development and Population, and studies concerned with employment and labor force are classified under K.3. Employment and Labor Force Participation.
63:20344 Altonji, Joseph G.; Hayashi, Fumio;
Kotlikoff, Laurence. The effects of income and wealth on
time and money transfers between parents and children. In: Seminar
on intergenerational economic relations and demographic change: papers.
[1996]. 1-27, [21] pp. International Union for the Scientific Study of
Population [IUSSP], Commitee on Economic Demography: Liège,
Belgium. In Eng.
"In this paper we study the effects of income
and wealth on transfers of money and time between individuals and their
parents and in-laws....We estimate the effects of incomes of siblings
on the amounts received from parents and the amounts given to parents.
We provide the first estimates of the effects of incomes of parents
relative to the incomes of parents in-law on the amounts given and
received by married couples. We study how the relative incomes of
divorced parents affect transfers to and from such parents and their
children. Finally, we examine the interrelationship between time
transfers and money transfers and examine the effects of distance on
the two types of transfers. We attempt to draw out the implications of
our results from alternative theories of transfers. Our analysis is
based on the recently released transfer supplement to the 1988 [U.S.]
Panel Study of Income Dynamics (PSID) along with matched panel data on
the incomes, wealth, health status, and family structure of a set of
parents and their adult children."
Correspondence: J.
G. Altonji, Northwestern University, Department of Economics, Evanston,
IL 60208. E-mail: altonji@nwu.edu. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
63:20345 Bhaumik, Sumon K.; Nugent, Jeffrey
B. Wealth accumulation, fertility and transfers to elderly
heads in Peru. In: Seminar on intergenerational economic relations
and demographic change: papers. [1996]. 1-18, [6] pp. International
Union for the Scientific Study of Population [IUSSP], Commitee on
Economic Demography: Liège, Belgium. In Eng.
"The
purpose of this paper is to explore the determinants of transfers from
children to elderly parents in both urban and rural areas of Peru where
such alternative sources of support are semi-developed but vary
considerably in this respect from place to place and group to group,
and where social norms and the family are no longer as strong as they
once were. In view of the apparently dim prospect for social security,
considerable emphasis will be put on the role of savings and wealth
accumulation and its effects on transfers....While altruism is
acknowledged, the emphasis is on exchange and strategic behavior for
purposes of empirically assessing the effectiveness of different
strategies which household heads may follow so as to encourage
transfers from their children in a country like
Peru."
Correspondence: J. B. Nugent, University of
Southern California, Department of Economics, University Park, Los
Angeles, CA 90089-0253. E-mail: nugent@almaak.usc.edu. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
63:20346 Bravo, Jorge. A note on
the rate of return of unfunded pension systems. In: Seminar on
intergenerational economic relations and demographic change: papers.
[1996]. 1-14 pp. International Union for the Scientific Study of
Population [IUSSP], Commitee on Economic Demography: Liège,
Belgium. In Eng.
"Most...analyses of the rate of return [of
unfunded pension systems] have relied on several simplifying
assumptions. In the present discussion I lift some of those assumptions
and set out to work under a still simple theoretical setup, which is
nonetheless closer to real world conditions regarding productivity
growth and the institutional rules of the pension systems....I restrict
attention to unfunded pensions ignoring other transfers, capital
dilution effects, fertility/mortality distinctions and general
equilibrium issues. One simplifying assumption I will keep in the
present discussion is the fixation of a `typical' individual
life-cycle...." The analysis is illustrated with examples from
Latin America.
Correspondence: J. Bravo, UN Centro
Latinoamericano de Demografía, Edificio Naciones Unidas, Avenida
Dag Hammarskjold, Casilla 91, Santiago, Chile. E-mail: jbravo@eclac.cl.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
63:20347 Cigno, Alessandro.
Saving, fertility and social security in the presence of
self-enforcing intra-family deals. In: Seminar on
intergenerational economic relations and demographic change: papers.
[1996]. 1-28, [5] pp. International Union for the Scientific Study of
Population [IUSSP], Commitee on Economic Demography: Liège,
Belgium. In Eng.
"The effects of social security and fiscal
policy on household saving, fertility and welfare are examined in the
context of a model, where self-interested individuals interact not only
through the market, but also through extended family networks. These
effects are strikingly different from those that would result if
individuals interacted through the market only, or if all transfers
were gifts. In particular, it is shown that a budget-balancing increase
in old-age security could raise household saving and would discourage
fertility, but would reduce the rate of return of participating in the
public pension system; that a debt-financed tax cut could reduce
saving; and that child benefits do not benefit children. These
theoretical predictions are compared with the empirical evidence."
The geographical focus is on developed
countries.
Correspondence: A. Cigno, Università
degli Studi di Firenze, Facoltà di Scienze Politiche, Via Laura
48, 50121 Florence, Italy. E-mail: cigno@cesit1.unifi.it. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
63:20348 Deaton, Angus S.; Paxson, Christina
H. The effects of economic and population growth on
national saving and inequality. Demography, Vol. 34, No. 1, Feb
1997. 97-114 pp. Silver Spring, Maryland. In Eng.
"This is a
progress report on ongoing research into the effects of economic and
population growth on national saving rates and inequality. The
theoretical basis for the investigation is the life cycle model of
saving and inequality. We report evidence that is conditional on the
validity of the model, as well as evidence that casts doubt on it.
Using time series of cross-sectional household surveys from Taiwan,
Thailand, Britain, and the United States, we show that it is possible
to force a life cycle interpretation on the data on consumption,
income, and saving, but that the evidence is not consistent with large
rate-of-growth effects, whereby economic and population growth enhances
rates of national saving. The well-established cross-country link
between economic growth and saving cannot be attributed to life cycle
saving, nor will changes in economic or population growth exert large
effects on saving within individual
countries."
Correspondence: A. S. Deaton, Princeton
University, Research Program in Development Studies, 219 Bendheim Hall,
Princeton, NJ 08544-1022. E-mail: deaton@wws.princeton.edu.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
63:20349 Foster, Andrew D.; Rosenzweig, Mark
R. Does transfer behavior exhibit imperfect commitment?
Insurance, the family, and financial institutions in low-income rural
areas. In: Seminar on intergenerational economic relations and
demographic change: papers. [1996]. 1-24, [7] pp. International Union
for the Scientific Study of Population [IUSSP], Commitee on Economic
Demography: Liège, Belgium. In Eng.
"In this paper we
directly test the proposition that imperfect commitment plays a
significant role as a barrier to efficient trade across states of the
world by using three data sets from rural South Asia....In particular
after characterizing the optimal implementable risk sharing contract
under imperfect commitment and illustrating how the degree of altruism
and income correlation influence this contract in the context of a
simple numerical model, we test whether current transfers are
responsive to the history of previous transfers and to contemporary
shocks as should be the case if transfers play a significant insurance
role but do not achieve full insurance as a result of the inability of
households to commit to make first-best state-contingent transfers. We
also examine the extent to which these relationships are influenced by
the presence of financial intermediaries and by the type and location
of the transfer partner."
Correspondence: A. D.
Foster, University of Pennsylvania, Department of Economics, 3718
Locust Walk, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6297. E-mail:
afoster@pop.upenn.edu. Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
63:20350 Gokhale, Jagadeesh.
Demographic change, generational accounts, and national saving in
the United States. In: Seminar on intergenerational economic
relations and demographic change: papers. [1996]. 1-23, [5] pp.
International Union for the Scientific Study of Population [IUSSP],
Commitee on Economic Demography: Liège, Belgium. In Eng.
"The paper first describes the methodology of generational
accounting and presents the accounts for the United States. Next, it
describes the nature of the demographic transition currently under way
in the United States, and performs sensitivity tests on U.S.
generational accounts under different assumptions regarding future
mortality, fertility, and immigration rates. Finally, the paper
utilizes the life-cycle-hypothesis-based framework to examine the role
of demographic change in influencing national saving in the United
States."
Correspondence: J. Gokhale, Federal Reserve
Bank of Cleveland, East 6th and Superior Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44101.
E-mail: jjg01@frbcleve.org. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
63:20351 International Union for the
Scientific Study of Population [IUSSP]. Committee on Economic
Demography (Liège, Belgium); East-West Center. Program on
Population (Honolulu, Hawaii). Seminar on
intergenerational economic relations and demographic change, Honolulu,
Hawaii, USA, 12-15 September 1995: papers. [1996]. [520] pp.
Liège, Belgium. In Eng.
This is a collection of papers
presented at a 1995 seminar on intergenerational economic relations and
demographic change. The seminar was organized by the IUSSP Committee on
Economic Development and the East-West Center Program on Population.
The 17 papers are grouped into four sections: generational accounting,
economic change and savings, the role of the state, and the role of the
family.
Selected items will be cited in this or subsequent issues of
Population Index.
Correspondence: International Union for
the Scientific Study of Population, 34 rue des Augustins, 4000
Liège, Belgium. Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
63:20352 Lee, Ronald. A
cross-cultural perspective on intergenerational transfers and the
economic life cycle. In: Seminar on intergenerational economic
relations and demographic change: papers. [1996]. 1-25, [16] pp.
International Union for the Scientific Study of Population [IUSSP],
Commitee on Economic Demography: Liège, Belgium. In Eng.
"In this paper...I attempt to measure the direction of
reallocations [of resources] in societies ranging from
hunter/gatherer/horticulturalists of the Amazon Basin, to the
contemporary U.S. Where possible, I go beyond examining the direction
of these reallocations to say something about the mechanisms and
institutions through which the reallocations are achieved. I will show
that there are three broad kinds of mechanisms through which resources
can be reallocated: (1) the accumulation and decumulation of real
wealth, or capital; (2) borrowing and lending, or credit transactions;
and (3) outright gifts with no quid pro quo, or transfers. Throughout
the paper, the main emphasis will be on transfers, which will be seen
to have some special properties which given them a unique role in the
macroeconomy."
Correspondence: R. Lee, University of
California, Department of Demography, 2232 Piedmont Avenue, Berkeley,
CA 94720. E-mail: rlee@demog.berkeley.edu. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
63:20353 Mason, Andrew; Miller, Tim.
Dynasties, intergenerational transfers, and lifecycle income.
In: Seminar on intergenerational economic relations and demographic
change: papers. [1996]. 1-26, [14] pp. International Union for the
Scientific Study of Population [IUSSP], Commitee on Economic
Demography: Liège, Belgium. In Eng.
"The primary
purpose of this paper is to examine, at the aggregate level, how the
family in Taiwan redistributes income among its members....The first
section provides an overview of lifecycle inequality and the extent of
inter-age transfers during the fifteen year period for which detailed
data are available (1976-1991)....The second section lays the
foundation for the economic analysis that follows by modeling the
demography of the patrilineal, extended family in Taiwan....The third
section incorporates income data into the model in order to assess the
extent to which dynasties can smooth income over the lifecycles of its
individual members....In the fourth section, we model and estimate
intergenerational transfers."
Correspondence: A.
Mason, East-West Center, Program on Population, 1777 East-West Road,
Honolulu, HI 96848. E-mail: masona@ewc.bitnet. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
63:20354 Peru. Instituto Nacional de
Estadística e Informática (Lima, Peru); Peru. Ministerio
de la Presidencia [PRES] (Lima, Peru); Fondo de Compensación y
Desarrollo Social [FONCODES] (Lima, Peru); United Nations. Centro
Latinoamericano de Demografía [CELADE] (Santiago,
Chile). Information on population and poverty from social
programs. [Información sobre población y pobreza
para programas sociales.] CELADE Serie OI, No. 115, Pub. Order No.
850-96-OI-OTDETI-INEI. Sep 1996. 383 pp. Lima, Peru. In Spa.
These
are the proceedings of a seminar held in Lima, Peru, July 4-7, 1995, on
information available through social programs on population and
poverty. The primary geographical focus of the proceedings is on
poverty in Peru. However, there is one chapter on demographic aspects
of poverty, which includes papers on the relations between demographic
trends and poverty; population trends and poverty in Peru; fertility,
contraception, and poverty in Peru; and population trends and poverty
in Nicaragua.
Correspondence: Instituto Nacional de
Estadística e Informática, Oficina Técnica de
Difusión Estadística y Tecnología
Informática, Oficina de Impresiones, General Garzón 658,
Lima 11, Peru. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
63:20355 Rofman, Rafael. Moving
social security toward fully funded schemes: who pays the cost?
In: Seminar on intergenerational economic relations and demographic
change: papers. [1996]. 1-19 pp. International Union for the Scientific
Study of Population [IUSSP], Commitee on Economic Demography:
Liège, Belgium. In Eng.
The author first describes "the
background of the Social Security reforms in Latin America. [The paper]
discusses the role of the most important determinants of the systems'
crisis and also presents the main characteristics of the new, reformed
systems. The third section of the paper reviews a few basic concepts
necessary to organise the discussion about the transition costs. In
particular, the problems of the analysis' time frame and the need to
compare normative versus real world systems are considered....A simple
model [is presented] that, by formalising the basic equations of PAYG
[pay as you go] and multipillar systems, allows us to frame the problem
of the transition costs. The fourth section of the paper describes the
Social Security system of Argentina, including its main characteristics
before 1994 and the main changes introduced by that year's reform. An
estimation of the transition cost is presented, as well as a
description of the main mechanisms used to finance
it."
Correspondence: R. Rofman, Centro de Estudios de
Población, Corrientes 2716 - 7th Floor, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
E-mail: rafael@cenep.satlink.net. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
63:20356 Tiefenthaler, Jill. The
productivity gains of marriage: effects of spousal education on own
productivity across market sectors in Brazil. Economic Development
and Cultural Change, Vol. 45, No. 3, Apr 1997. 633-50 pp. Chicago,
Illinois. In Eng.
The gains in productivity through marriage in
Brazil are analyzed using data on 50,451 married couples. The data were
collected in 1989. Specifically, the author estimates the effects of
spousal education on own productivity for both men and women in
different market sectors. The results support the hypothesis that there
are increases in productivity from both division of labor and
association in marriage, and that there is thus a positive relationship
between own productivity and marriage.
Correspondence: J.
Tiefenthaler, Colgate University, Hamilton, NY 13346. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPIA).
63:20357 Tuljapurkar, Shripad; Lee,
Ronald. Demographic uncertainty and the OASDI fund.
In: Seminar on intergenerational economic relations and demographic
change: papers. [1996]. 1-15, [8] pp. International Union for the
Scientific Study of Population [IUSSP], Commitee on Economic
Demography: Liège, Belgium. In Eng.
"Our subject is the
relationship between demographic uncertainty and the dynamics of the
OASDI [Old-Age and Survivors Insurance and Disability Insurance] fund.
We begin by describing stochastic population forecasts for the
U.S....Next, we show how the stochastic demographic projection is
integrated with the dynamics of the fund, to obtain stochastic
projections of the fund's future trajectory. We present results that
illustrate the kind of information that is available in such an
approach, information which is qualitatively and quantitatively
different from that obtained by other
methods."
Correspondence: S. Tuljapurkar, Stanford
University, Department of Biological Sciences, Stanford, CA 94305-5020.
E-mail: tulja@bose.stanford.edu. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
63:20358 Valdés, Salvador.
The political economy of two Chilean pension systems. In:
Seminar on intergenerational economic relations and demographic change:
papers. [1996]. 1-20 pp. International Union for the Scientific Study
of Population [IUSSP], Commitee on Economic Demography: Liège,
Belgium. In Eng.
"This paper offers an analysis of the
politics of Chilean pensions. It analyzes the experience in the 1950s
and 1960s with the old pension system, and the two pension systems that
currently coexist in Chile....The first part of the paper reviews the
political ideals on which the old pension system was based, which were
the social-democratic ideals that sustain welfare states....The paper
then describes how the two current pension systems were designed and
reformed with the aim of preventing patronage and
populism."
Correspondence: S. Valdés,
Universidad Católica de Chile, Instituto de Economía, Av.
Vicuna Machenna 4880, Santiago 4880, Chile. E-mail:
svaldes@lascar.puc.cl. Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
Descriptive studies of populations according to literacy and educational attainment, cultural background, religious affiliation, residential characteristics and segregation, and the like. Studies on social mobility are also coded under this heading.
63:20359 Chan, Angelique; DaVanzo,
Julie. Ethnic differences in parents' coresidence with
adult children in Peninsular Malaysia. RAND Labor and Population
Program Reprint Series, No. 96-22, Pub. Order No. RAND/RP-602. 1997.
29-59 pp. RAND: Santa Monica, California. In Eng.
"In this
paper we use data from the Second Malaysian Family Life Survey (MFLS-2)
to examine the extent to which ethnic differences in the living
arrangements of the older population in Peninsular Malaysia can be
explained by ethnic differences in demographic and socioeconomic
characteristics. We also investigate whether the three main ethnic
groups of Malaysia differ in the extent to which their living
arrangements are influenced by these factors. For the married, the
higher incidence of remarriage and lower housing costs for Malays each
contribute importantly to their lower coresidence rates. The relatively
poorer health of Indians and better health of Malays also contribute to
the ethnic differences in coresidence rates for the married, as does
the higher incidence of daughter-only families among Malays. The
explanatory variables considered here explain less of the ethnic
differences in coresidence rates for the unmarried."
This
article is reprinted from the Journal of Cross-Cultural Gerontology,
Vol. 11, Mar 1996.
Correspondence: RAND, 1700 Main Street,
P.O Box 2138, Santa Monica, CA 90407-2138. E-mail: order@rand.org.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
63:20360 Deolalikar, Anil B. The
determinants of primary school enrollment and household schooling
expenditures in Kenya: do they vary by income? Seattle Population
Research Center Working Paper, No. 97-7, Jan 1997. 14, [5] pp.
University of Washington, Seattle Population Research Center: Seattle,
Washington; Battelle Seattle Research Center: Seattle, Washington; W.
H. Freeman: New York, New York. In Eng.
"While there is a very
large literature on what determines child schooling in developing
countries, much of it has ignored income differences in the demand for
schooling....This paper has three distinct objectives. First, it
attempts to estimate the joint demand for primary school enrollment and
schooling expenditures per pupil (which I treat as a measure of
schooling quality), using data from Kenya. Second, the paper estimates
the differing impacts of additional school facilities and teacher-pupil
ratios on the household demand for primary schooling. Third and
finally, the paper explores the possibility of systematic income
differences in the parameters of the schooling demand
relations."
Correspondence: University of Washington,
Department of Sociology, Center for Studies in Demography and Ecology,
DK-40, Seattle, WA 98195. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
63:20361 Meekers, Dominique; Calvès,
Anne-Emmanuèle. "Main" girlfriends,
girlfriends, marriage, and money: playing the field in Sub-Saharan
Africa. Population Research Institute Working Paper in African
Demography, No. AD96-02, Apr 1996. 28 pp. Pennsylvania State
University, Population Research Institute: University Park,
Pennsylvania. In Eng.
"As individual partner choice gradually
replaces arranged marriages, and age at first marriage rises, African
adolescents increasingly engage in a number of premarital sexual
relationships, either sequentially or simultaneously, which implies
both socio-economic and health risks....Unmarried males commonly have a
`main' girlfriend who they are expected to marry, but may also have one
or more `other' girlfriends, for whom there are no such expectations.
Often girls have similar strategies. This study uses recent focus group
data from Cameroon to examine current types of premarital sexual
relationships among urban youths, the motivations and objectives of
both males and females for engaging in such relationships, and the
perceptions of the factors that enhance or decrease the marriage
prospects of these premarital relationships."
This paper was
originally presented at the 1996 Annual Meeting of the Population
Association of America.
Correspondence: Pennsylvania State
University, Population Research Institute, 601 Oswald Tower, University
Park, PA 16802. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
63:20362 Villa, Pierre. The
measurement of education capital: a demographic approach. [La
mesure du capital éducatif: une approche démographique.]
Population, Vol. 52, No. 1, Jan-Feb 1997. 77-101 pp. Paris, France. In
Fre. with sum. in Eng; Spa.
"Macroeconomic time series of
human capital are computed for France over a long period. The
educational level is used to discriminate the quality and the
efficiency of different types of labour....Inequalities concerning
schooling are stable at their lowest level in recent years. The
educational investment fluctuates according to demographic reasons but
its trend is given by the increase of women's school attendance, the
increase of their participation in the labour force and the general
lengthening of higher education after the second world
war."
Correspondence: P. Villa, Centre d'Etudes
Prospectives et d'Informations Internationales, 9 rue Georges-Pitard,
75740 Paris Cedex 15, France. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
Descriptive studies of populations on the basis of race, ethnic group, language, and national origin.
63:20363 Aguettant, Joseph L.
Impact of population registration on hilltribe development in
Thailand. Asia-Pacific Population Journal, Vol. 11, No. 4, Dec
1996. 47-72 pp. Bangkok, Thailand. In Eng.
"Ethnic minority
groups traditionally live on the fringes of society. In Thailand, an
increasing number of them in recent decades have shown willingness to
participate in the country's development and to take their place closer
to the mainstream of society....Throughout the past few decades,
population registration has become one of the most important issues
related to the hilltribe people of Thailand....The aim of this
study...is to review the past and current picture of development policy
for the highlands and to assess some legal aspects of the Government's
integration policy with regard to population registration and
citizenship."
Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
63:20364 Hansen, Kristin A.; Faber, Carol
S. The foreign-born population: 1996. Current
Population Reports, Series P-20: Population Characteristics, No. 494,
Mar 1997. 6 pp. U.S. Bureau of the Census: Washington, D.C. In Eng.
This report on the characteristics of the foreign-born population
of the United States is based on data from the 1996 March Current
Population Survey. Comparisons are made with the U.S. population as a
whole.
Correspondence: K. A. Hansen, U.S. Bureau of the
Census, Washington, D.C. 20233. E-mail: kahansen@census.gov.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
63:20365 Hoóz, István.
Alteration of nationality structure in the Carpathian Basin.
[A nemzetiségi struktúra átalakulása a
Kárpát-medencében.] Statisztikai Szemle, Vol. 74,
No. 11, Nov 1996. 930-9 pp. Budapest, Hungary. In Hun. with sum. in
Eng.
"The study analyses the changes [taking] place in the
number and proportion of the population of Hungarian nationality [in
the Carpathian region], drawing on the database covering more than 100
years and compiled from the results of population censuses.
International statistics have also been used, the situation after World
War I is reviewed, then the results of population censuses after World
War II are analysed."
Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
63:20366 Jackson, Robert H. The
creation and changing definitions of demographic knowledge: the case of
mestizos in the indigenous communities of the Valle Bajo of Cochabamba,
Bolivia. [Naissance et métamorphoses du savoir
démographique: le mestizaje des communautés
indigènes de la Valle Bajo de Cochabamba, en Bolivie.] Cahiers
Québécois de Démographie, Vol. 25, No. 1, Spring
1996. 69-99 pp. Montreal, Canada. In Fre. with sum. in Eng; Spa.
"In the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries Spanish officials
and members of the Catholic church created a series of race-based caste
terms designed to identify and categorize the peoples of mixed
ancestry. The Spanish American caste system relied on the assumed
ability of a census-taker or priest to define the blood lines of an
individual based on skin color and physical characteristics. However,
the demographic knowledge created from the caste system was imprecise,
and changed over time....There were also long-term shifts in the
meaning of terms and the definitions of status caused by socioeconomic
changes. An example is the rapid rate of apparent mestizoization in
the...indigenous communities of the Valle Bajo of Cochabamba, Bolivia.
The rapid increase in the number of mestizos was related to changing
definitions of the status and identity of indigenous peoples, and was
not strictly caused by racial mixture."
Correspondence:
R. H. Jackson, Texas Southern University, Department of History,
Geography, and Economics, 3100 Cleburne Avenue, Houston, TX 77004.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
63:20367 Kolstoe, Paul. Russians
in the former Soviet republics. ISBN 1-85065-206-6. 1995. xii, 340
pp. Hurst: London, England. In Eng.
This study is concerned with
the Russian population, totaling about 25 million persons, living in
the independent countries that were part of the former Soviet Union.
"The objective has been to supply background material on how the
Russian diaspora phenomenon has arisen and developed, as well as to
analyse its effects on post-Soviet politics today. In the historical
parts, an attempt is made to identify the driving forces behind the
migratory patterns of the Russians seen under the tsars and the
commissars, and a separate chapter discusses the social and political
status of the Russians living in the non-Russian republics during the
Soviet period."
Correspondence: C. Hurst, 38 King
Street, London WC2E 8JT, England. Location: Princeton
University Library (FST).
63:20368 Labat, Jean-Claude; Dekneudt,
Joël. The method for projecting the foreign
population used by INSEE in 1986. [La méthode de projection
de la population étrangère utilisée par l'INSEE en
1986.] Population, Vol. 52, No. 1, Jan-Feb 1997. 149-62 pp. Paris,
France. In Fre.
The methods used in 1986 to project the foreign
population resident in France are described.
Correspondence:
J.-C. Labat, Institut National de la Statistique et des Etudes
Economiques, 18 boulevard Adolphe Pinard, 75675 Paris Cedex 14, France.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
63:20369 Le Bras, Hervé.
Projections of the foreign population: a ten-year perspective.
[Dix ans de perspectives de la population étrangère: une
perspective.] Population, Vol. 52, No. 1, Jan-Feb 1997. 103-33 pp.
Paris, France. In Fre. with sum. in Eng; Spa.
"During the last
ten years several projections relating to the resident foreign
population of France have been constructed. These may be compared with
estimates of the same foreign population at the date for which
forecasts have been made. These show that the accuracy of the
projection depends on the way in which the forecasters view laws
relating to citizenship....It is shown in this context how a
demographic approach focused on `immigrants' can shift to a legal
approach focused on the notion of `citizenship', and sometimes even to
a biological approach by denying any possibility of naturalization to
some groups. Lastly, a simple procedure is outlined on how to project
foreign populations in order to de-mystify the process of computerised
calculations."
Correspondence: H. Le Bras, Institut
National d'Etudes Démographiques, 27 rue du Commandeur, 75675
Paris Cedex 14, France. E-mail: lebras@ined.fr. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
63:20370 Mészáros,
Árpád; Fóti, János.
Characteristics of the Gypsy population. [A cigány
népesség jellemzoi Magyarországon.] Statisztikai
Szemle, Vol. 74, No. 11, Nov 1996. 908-29 pp. Budapest, Hungary. In
Hun. with sum. in Eng.
"The study sums up the number and
socio-economic characteristics of [the] gipsy population in Hungary.
The history of gipsy surveys, dating back more than one hundred years,
is reviewed....The present situation is described drawing on the 1990
population census and the data of a special gipsy survey carried out in
1993. In the course of their analysis the authors discuss in detail the
demographic characteristics, regional structure, labour market
position, household budget situation, and housing conditions of
gipsies."
Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
63:20371 Mutlu, Servet. Ethnic
Kurds in Turkey: a demographic study. International Journal of
Middle East Studies, Vol. 28, No. 4, Nov 1996. 517-41 pp. Cambridge,
England. In Eng.
"The objective of this paper is to make as
accurate an estimate of the number of Kurds in Turkey and of their
geographical distribution as the data permit....The question of the
geographical distribution of the Kurds and non-Kurds in Turkey...gives
an idea...of the extent of the likely population exchange should the
Kurds ever form a separate state. Even in the case of the more likely
prospect of Turkey remaining a unitary state within its present
borders, the distribution of Kurds is of interest from the standpoint
of national and local politics, inasmuch as recently some of the Kurds,
especially in large cities, seem to have been voting in a bloc for
certain candidates. They have been providing the swing vote, thus
gaining a degree of importance far out of proportion to their number
and to their ratio vis-à-vis the total electorate in a
locality."
Correspondence: S. Mutlu, Ege University,
Department of Economics, Bornova 35040, Izmir, Turkey. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
63:20372 Petersen, William.
Ethnicity counts. ISBN 1-56000-296-4. LC 96-37513. 1997. 331
pp. Transaction Publishers: New Brunswick, New Jersey/London, England.
In Eng.
This book "describes how ethnic identity is determined
and how ethnic or racial units are counted by official statistical
agencies in the United States and throughout the world. The initial
step is understanding how each person identifies himself or herself as
a member of an ethnic group. As such identities are compiled, printed
volumes give them official sanction." Topics covered include the
identification of Americans of European descent, differentiation among
blacks, ethnic relations in the Netherlands, case studies of Japan and
Switzerland, and the question of who is a Jew. The main theme of the
book is that the current outpouring of studies on race and ethnicity in
the United States is inevitably based on the relevant available
statistics, and therefore it is important to look behind the census
tables presenting the data to analyze how those data were
compiled.
Correspondence: Transaction Publishers, Rutgers
University, New Brunswick, NJ 08903. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
63:20373 Reddy, P. H.; Modell, B.
The Baigas of Madhya Pradesh: a demographic study. Journal of
Biosocial Science, Vol. 29, No. 1, Jan 1997. 19-31 pp. Cambridge,
England. In Eng.
"This paper outlines the demographic
characteristics of the Baiga tribe, one of the most primitive of the
aboriginal tribal groups of Central India. The Baiga population has
grown steadily since the first anthropological study of the tribe in
the 1930s. Age at menarche, age at marriage, breast-feeding, and time
interval between marriage and first conception are natural. There are
more females than males. Sub-tribe endogamy is common; consanguineous
marriage is favoured (34% of marriages are between first cousins) and
marital distance is low (mean 7.1 km). Though the mean menarcheal age
is high (15.2 years), mean age at first marriage is low (16.6 years),
giving a long reproductive period."
Correspondence: P.
H. Reddy, University College London Medical School, Department of
Obstetrics and Gynaecology, London WC1 E6HX, England. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
63:20374 Solana, Antonio M.; Pascual de Sans,
Àngels. Resident foreigners in Spain. [Els
residents estrangers a Espanya.] Documents d'Anàlisi
Geogràfica, No. 24, 1994. 169-80 pp. Barcelona, Spain. In Cat.
with sum. in Eng; Fre; Spa.
The authors review trends in the size
of the resident foreign population in Spain since the 1940s. A
continuing growth over time, with temporal fluctuations, is noted, with
a rapid rise in immigration in the 1980s, leading to new legislation
designed to control immigration in 1985-1986 and 1991. The authors note
that Europeans, particularly from countries of the European Union, make
up a large percentage of the foreign population, but that the number of
immigrants from developing countries has increased significantly in the
last 10 years.
Correspondence: A. M. Solana, Universitat
Autònoma de Barcelona, Departament de Geografia, 08193
Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain. Location: U.S. Library of
Congress, Washington, D.C.
63:20375 Toshchenko, Zh. T.; Chaptykova, T.
I. The diaspora as a subject of sociological
research. [Diaspora kak ob''ekt sotsiologicheskogo issledovaniya.]
Sotsiologicheskie Issledovaniya, No. 12, 1996. 33-42 pp. Moscow,
Russia. In Rus.
The authors consider the concept of diaspora and
assess its relevance to the current situation concerning the Russian
population living outside the borders of Russia today. Data are
provided on the size of the Russian population now living in the
various countries which were part of the former Soviet
Union.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
63:20376 Tribalat, Michèle.
A surprising rewriting of history. [Une surprenante
réécriture de l'histoire.] Population, Vol. 52, No. 1,
Jan-Feb 1997. 137-47 pp. Paris, France. In Fre. with sum. in Eng; Spa.
"In this article, Michèle Tribalat gives us a very
different version of the history of `foreign population projections' in
France in the 80's. In 1979-1980, Hervé Le Bras himself directed
a research project commissioned by the `Haut Comité de la
Population'. The outcome of that project, she argues, is a rare example
of what shouldn't be done when projecting populations. It combines
several methodological errors: departures of foreigners taken as
absolute numbers (leading to the emergence of `negative populations')
plus a fluctuating definition of `nationality' (narrow at the beginning
of the projection, wider later on). To these must be added several
mistakes in the calculation proper."
For the article by Le
Bras, see elsewhere in this issue.
Correspondence: M.
Tribalat, Institut National d'Etudes Démographiques, 27 rue du
Commandeur, 75675 Paris Cedex 14, France. E-mail: tribalat@ined.fr.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
63:20377 van der Erf, R. F.; Liefbroer, A.
C. Foreign-born women: at home in the Netherlands?
[Allochtone vrouwen: thuis in Nederland?] Bevolking en Gezin, ISBN
90-709-9044-X. 1994. 174 pp. Centrum voor Bevolkings- en
Gezinsstudiën [CBGS]: Brussels, Belgium; Nederlands
Interdisciplinair Demografisch Instituut [NIDI]: The Hague,
Netherlands. In Dut.
This supplement contains five articles on
aspects of the foreign-born population living in the Netherlands. The
topics covered include family formation and values among Turkish and
Moroccan women in Belgium and the Netherlands; the socioeconomic status
of women of foreign descent; immigrant women and the labor market; and
social policies aimed at foreign women.
Correspondence:
Nederlands Interdisciplinair Demografisch Instituut, Postbus
11650, 2502 AR The Hague, Netherlands. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
