Studies with an emphasis on locational patterns and their interpretation.
Studies of rural and urban populations considered together. Studies that are concerned primarily with the movement of population are classified under H. Migration. Studies concerned with the definition of urban or rural areas and with boundary changes are classified here or in O.1. Population Statistics, General Aspects.
Studies of urban populations, including those of metropolitan areas and suburban and semi-urban zones. Also includes studies on urbanization insofar as they relate to the effects of migration on urban areas or the socioeconomic and demographic structure of urban populations. Studies on the actual process of rural-urban migration are coded under H.6. Rural-Urban Migration.
63:20036 Brändström, Anders;
Tedebrand, Lars-Göran. Swedish urban demography
during industrialization. Report from the Demographic Data Base,
No. 10, ISBN 91-7191-114-6. 1995. 333 pp. Umeå University,
Demographic Data Base: Umeå, Sweden. In Eng.
"This
anthology presents contributions to an international conference on
urban demography in Sweden held in Umeå, December 3-5, 1993, and
organized by the Centre for Population Studies at the Demographic Data
Base. Family reconstituted data from the DDB and the Stockholm
Historical Database provide material for many of the studies. The
authors discuss both general aspects of urbanisation and its relation
to population growth, and more specific issues like the role played by
migrants in population increase and structural changes. The articles
cover different urban environments such as Stockholm, Kalmar,
Linköping, Uppsala, Västerås and Sundsvall.
Furthermore, developments in Sweden are compared with those in urban
England. Previous theories are challenged and new, important knowledge
is presented."
Correspondence: Umeå University,
Demographic Data Base, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
63:20037 Chattopadhyay, A. K.; Mukhopadhyay,
A. N. Urbanization pattern--a study over the districts of
West Bengal. Demography India, Vol. 25, No. 2, Jul-Dec 1996.
189-98 pp. Delhi, India. In Eng.
"The present work attempts to
study the trend of urbanization in the different districts of West
Bengal [India] on the basis of census data." Tabular data are
presented on the percentage growth of urban and rural population; the
level of urbanization by district; the rate of urbanization; and
persons migrating from urban to rural areas.
Correspondence:
A. K. Chattopadhyay, University of Calcutta, Department of
Statistics, Senate House, 87/1 College Street, Calcutta, West Bengal
700073, India. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
63:20038 Chen, Xiangming. The
demographic profiles of the world's largest cities: a baseline analysis
and policy implications. Cities, Vol. 13, No. 3, Jun 1996. 165-74
pp. Exeter, England. In Eng.
"This paper examines the
demographic profiles of 74 of the world's largest cities through
cluster analysis, which classifies the cities into distinctive groups
based on population size, net population change, rate of natural
increase, sex ratio, age composition, and dependency ratios.
Discussions of the results focus on: the strikingly different
demographic profiles of the large cities in more developed countries
(MDCs) and less developed countries (LDCs); the simultaneous
similarities and differences among MDC cities and socialist and former
socialist cities; and the particular demographic characteristics of
certain MDC and LDC cities. The paper also draws research implications
for the data and method used and urban policy implications for the
demographic and socioeconomic conditions in very large MDC and LDC
cities."
Correspondence: X. Chen, University of
Illinois, Department of Sociology M/C 312, 1007 West Harrison Street,
Chicago, IL 60607-7140. Location: Princeton University Library
(UES).
63:20039 Moffat, Riley.
Population history of western U.S. cities and towns,
1850-1990. ISBN 0-8108-3033-7. LC 96-14583. 1996. xi, 344 pp.
Scarecrow Press: Lanham, Maryland/Folkestone, England. In Eng.
Using data primarily taken from the U.S. census, population
estimates are presented for the towns and cities of the western states
for 10-year intervals from 1850 to 1990.
Correspondence:
Scarecrow Press, 4720 Boston Way, Lanham, MD 20706. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
63:20040 Mogridge, Martin; Parr, John
B. Metropolis or region: on the development and structure
of London. Regional Studies, Vol. 31, No. 2, Apr 1997. 97-115 pp.
London, England. In Eng. with sum. in Fre; Ger.
"Drawing on a
disparate range of sources and viewing the question from several
perspectives, an attempt is made to trace the development of London
over the period since 1800. An account of the physical expansion and
population growth is outlined, with `London' defined at a number of
distinct scales. Attention is first focused on London as a metropolis,
and various modelling techniques are used to illustrate the nature of
metropolitan expansion. Consideration is given to the possibility that
the changing spatial distribution of population through migration may
be likened to a well-known process in physics. This is followed by an
analysis of London at the broader scale of a region, with similar
modelling techniques being employed. Finally, the question is raised as
to whether London can still be meaningfully viewed as a metropolitan
entity or whether a regional perspective is now more
appropriate."
Correspondence: M. Mogridge, Martin
Mogridge Associates, 25 Camberley House, Redhill Street, London NW1
4AX, England. Location: Princeton University Library (UES).
63:20041 United Nations Centre for Human
Settlements [HABITAT] (New York, New York). An urbanizing
world: global report on human settlements, 1996. ISBN
0-19-823347-7. LC 96-1388. 1996. xxxiv, 559 pp. Oxford University
Press: New York, New York/Oxford, England. In Eng.
This book
examines "conditions and trends in cities and other settlements
around the world and...the urbanization process through which more than
half the world's population will soon live in urban centres. Prepared
by Habitat (the United Nations Centre for Human Settlements) the book
shows the positive and negative side of cities. Drawing from thirty
specially commissioned papers from leading specialists in both North
and South and on data from recent censuses, it shows how the growth in
urban population has slowed in most parts of the world, while the scale
of urban poverty has been underestimated. The book also describes what
is being done to address the problems of poor housing and environmental
degradation. The main conclusion...is the importance of good governance
in cities. It describes how cities have great potential to combine
healthy and safe living conditions, cultural riches, and environmental
advantages. It also provides illustrative case-studies of cities where
poverty, very poor housing conditions and lack of basic services have
been tackled, environmental performance much improved and dependence on
motor cars reduced."
Correspondence: Oxford University
Press, Walton Street, Oxford OX2 6DP, England. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
63:20042 Wang, Fahui; Guldmann,
Jean-Michel. Simulating urban population density with a
gravity-based model. Socio-Economic Planning Sciences, Vol. 30,
No. 4, Dec 1996. 245-56 pp. Oxford, England. In Eng.
"Theoretical justifications for the negative exponential urban
density function were first proposed by urban economists, although some
of their foundations have been criticized. From the geographer's
perspective, the gravity-based model reported in this research uses a
well-known concept (the `potential') to offer an alternative
explanation. Using numerical analysis techniques, the model simulates
various urban density patterns. By varying the model's parameters (the
distance friction coefficient [beta] and the city size), the numerical
simulations do confirm two important empirical findings: the flattening
of density gradients over time owing to transportation improvements,
and flatter gradients in larger cities. The observed relationship
between the [beta] value and the urban density gradient, as established
by this research, opens an avenue for empirical
testing."
Correspondence: J.-M. Guldmann, Ohio State
University, Department of City and Regional Planning, Columbus, OH
43210-1361. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
Studies of agricultural and farming populations.
63:20043 Neupert, Ricardo F.
Population and the pastoral economy in Mongolia. Asia-Pacific
Population Journal, Vol. 11, No. 4, Dec 1996. 27-46 pp. Bangkok,
Thailand. In Eng.
"Despite the radical economic, social and
political changes that Mongolia has experienced in recent years,
nomadic pastoralism remains the country's main economic activity. This
article examines the relationship between that activity and the low
population density existing in rural areas. It also discusses the
impact on the pastoral economy of the aforementioned changes. It
concludes with an analysis of the policy implications of these events
and proposes a framework for possible
interventions."
Correspondence: R. F. Neupert,
Australian National University, Research School of Social Sciences,
G.P.O. Box 4, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
