Studies and documentary statements relating to governmental policy as it affects population.
Studies relating primarily to national and international population policies and development assistance for population activities. Studies of policies affecting the quality of populations that are not covered by L.4. Demographic Factors and Human Genetics are classified under this heading.
63:10747 Conly, Shanti R.; Rosen, James
E. International population assistance update: recent
trends in donor contributions. Population Action International
Occasional Paper, No. 2, Sep 1996. 13, [4] pp. Population Action
International: Washington, D.C. In Eng.
The authors summarize
recent trends in sources and amounts of international population
assistance. Information is provided on assistance from individual
countries, multilateral sources, and private
sources.
Correspondence: Population Action International,
1120 19th Street NW, Suite 550, Washington, D.C. 20036. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
63:10748 Elgegren Reátegui,
Fernando. Population policy: the legacy of Greek
thought. [Política de población: la herencia del
pensamiento griego.] Revista Peruana de Población, No. 5, 1994.
137-52 pp. Lima, Peru. In Spa. with sum. in Eng.
The author
"explains that the Greek philosophy and scientific thought
developed elements of what is known today as population policies. These
include roles and gender relationships, the population volume, the
family, sexuality, birth control, eugenics, abortion and [quality of
life]....The first part of the article reviews issues on family and
women's roles. The second part is related to aspects associated with
sexuality and...population policy."
Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
63:10749 Füglistaler, Peter; Burkard,
Pascal; Caluori, Marco; Frick, Doris; Gilroy, Bernard M.; Lenzlinger
Diedenhofen, Karin; Märki, Peter; Märki, Esther; Möckli,
Silvano; Müller, Esther; Oggier, Willy. Help!
Switzerland is shrinking. [Hilfe! Die Schweiz schrumpft.] ISBN
3-280-02173-1. 1994. viii, 232 pp. Orell Füssli Verlag: Zurich,
Switzerland. In Ger.
Using official scenarios published by the
Swiss government in 1992 for the period up to 2040, the authors
estimate future population trends in Switzerland. These include
population aging and a decline in total population. The consequences
for Switzerland's social and economic policy are discussed, with
sections on politics, family policy, social security, education,
health, spatial distribution, the environment, unemployment, the status
of women, immigration, savings and investment, and financial policy.
The book ends with a list of policy directives deemed necessary to meet
the demographic challenges of Switzerland's
future.
Correspondence: Orell Füssli Verlag,
Dietzingerstrasse 3, 8036 Zurich, Switzerland. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
63:10750 Henripin, Jacques.
Demographic and policy questions. [Questions
démographiques et politiques.] Collection de Tirés
à Part, No. 353, [1996?]. 281-304 pp. Université de
Montréal, Département de Démographie: Montreal,
Canada. In Fre.
The author examines present and future population
trends in Quebec in an attempt to clarify whether a population policy
is required, and if so, of what kind. Three significant trends with
demographic implications are identified: low fertility, the weakening
of marriage ties, and immigration. The author concludes that Quebec,
along with most of the developed world, is facing the problems posed by
an aging society, but that the policy measures that would solve these
problems are not readily apparent.
Correspondence:
Université de Montréal, Département de
Démographie, C.P. 6128, Succursale Centre-ville, Montreal,
Quebec H3C 3J7, Canada. Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
63:10751 May, John; Boucher,
Marguerite. Population pressure and population policies in
Rwanda, 1962-1994. [Pression démographique et politiques de
population au Rwanda, 1962-1994.] Population et Sociétés,
No. 319, Dec 1996. [4] pp. Institut National d'Etudes
Démographiques [INED]: Paris, France. In Fre.
The authors
examine the role that demographic factors, and particularly those
associated with rapid population growth and the consequent pressure on
available resources, have played in exacerbating the problems faced by
African countries south of the Sahara, using the example of Rwanda. The
focus is on the policies that Rwanda developed in response to these
developments and on the reasons for their relative
failure.
Correspondence: Institut National d'Etudes
Démographiques, 27 rue du Commandeur, 75675 Paris Cedex 14,
France. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
63:10752 Ouédraogo, Dieudonné;
Piché, Victor. Integrating demographic variables
into the planning process: some Sahelian experiences. [De la prise
en compte de l'intégration des variables démographiques
dans la planification: les expériences sahéliennes.]
Collection de Tirés à Part, No. 358, [1996?]. 669-83 pp.
Université de Montréal, Département de
Démographie: Montreal, Canada. In Fre.
The authors describe
the experience of the countries of the Sahel, including Burkina Faso,
Cape Verde, Chad, Gambia, Guinea-Bissau, Mali, Mauritania, Niger, and
Senegal, in including demographic variables in planning their
socioeconomic development. They note that although these countries are
in the process of developing population policies and have begun to take
account of demographic variables, it is still too soon to draw any
conclusions about the impact of this change. The importance of
establishing priorities and of evaluating the impact of the measures
adopted is stressed.
Correspondence: Université de
Montréal, Département de Démographie, C.P. 6128,
Succursale Centre-ville, Montreal, Quebec H3C 3J7, Canada.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
63:10753 Rosen, James E.
Directions in Japanese population assistance. Population
Action International Occasional Paper, No. 1, Sep 1996. 11, [2] pp.
Population Action International: Washington, D.C. In Eng.
The
author reviews Japan's efforts to expand its global population
assistance. "Japan's desire to play a greater role in global
population efforts is real, but its foreign aid apparatus still lacks
the means to put into effect its goals in this area. Policymaking and
program decisions are highly centralized, and the lack of strong family
planning advocates within the aid bureaucracy weakens support for the
population budget. The Japanese are following a more coherent approach
to development under the Global Issues Initiative, but a trend towards
scattering aid responsibility throughout the government may worsen
traditional problems of planning and
coordination."
Correspondence: Population Action
International, 1120 19th Street NW, Suite 550, Washington, D.C. 20036.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
63:10754 Vukovich, György.
Some aspects of the Hungarian population policy. [A magyar
népesedéspolitika néhány
vonatkozása.] Demográfia, Vol. 39, No. 2-3, 1996. 136-44
pp. Budapest, Hungary. In Hun.
Some aspects of current population
policy in Hungary are discussed in this paper.
Correspondence:
G. Vukovich, Bimbo-ut. 9, 1022 Budapest II, Hungary. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
Government policies aimed at directly influencing fertility and nuptiality, and policies with an indirect effect on fertility such as family allowances, pregnancy and maternity benefits, infant welfare measures, and government regulation of fertility controls, including abortion.
63:10755 Cho, Namhoon.
Achievements and challenges of the population policy development in
Korea. ISBN 89-8187-072-1. Nov 1996. viii, 99 pp. Korea Institute
for Health and Social Affairs: Seoul, Korea, Republic of. In Eng.
This report first describes recent demographic changes in South
Korea, and the role that population policies have played in helping to
bring them about. The emphasis then shifts to the demographic
challenges now confronting the country. "The new problems being
faced include an imbalance in the sex ratio, a shrinking of the labour
force, an increase in the proportion of the elderly population, a high
prevalence of induced abortions and an increase in the sex-related
problems of the youth and adolescents....These demographic changes and
other new concerns led the government to adopt a new population policy
in 1996, one which emphasizes population quality and welfare. In order
to overcome various problems associated with reproductive health and
family planning, as well as the many challenges stemming from below
replacement fertility, the importance of the current family planning
programme should not be underestimated simply because demographic
targets have been met. The present volume explains the emerging issues
and possible future directions and policy options for
Korea."
Correspondence: Korea Institute for Health and
Social Affairs, San 42-14, Bulgwang-dong, Eunpyung-ku, Seoul 122-040,
Republic of Korea. Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
63:10756 Harsch, Donna. Society,
the state, and abortion in East Germany, 1950-1972. American
Historical Review, Vol. 102, No. 1, Feb 1997. 53-84 pp. Washington,
D.C. In Eng.
"The author explores the era of restrictive
abortion policy in the German Democratic Republic (GDR) in the 1950s
and 1960s in an effort to understand the sources of its demise in 1972.
She examines the social and policy background to the legalization of
abortion as well as the arguments and actions of physicians,
influential Communists, and citizens....Abortion reform in East
Germany, she argues...has to be placed within the domestic framework of
changing relations between a Communist state and its society and the
international context of a rising appreciation of the link between
abortion law and women's rights....[The author] contends that the
causes, course, and content of abortion reform in the GDR were
strikingly similar to those in Western industrial democracies despite
antithetical political circumstances." The main data sources were
the archives of the Ministry of Health and the Socialist Unity party,
which contain "reports by Communist and health officials at the
national and local levels, transcripts of discussions between
physicians and party bureaucrats, and individual pleas to state
officials from women throughout the GDR who wanted an
abortion."
Correspondence: D. Harsch, Carnegie Mellon
University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213. Location: Princeton
University Library (SH).
63:10757 Ipsen, Carl. Dictating
demography: the problem of population in Fascist Italy. Cambridge
Studies in Population, Economy and Society in Past Time, No. 28, ISBN
0-521-55452-7. LC 95-48989. 1996. xvii, 281 pp. Cambridge University
Press: New York, New York/Cambridge, England. In Eng.
"Mussolini believed that in numbers lay the key to national,
economic, political and military strength. Between 1925 and 1943 the
Italian Fascist regime sought to translate that belief into policy,
and, embarked upon a `demographic battle' to increase the Italian
population using a combination of propaganda, incentives and penalties,
the Fascists waged campaigns to increase the birth rate and decrease
infant mortality, to establish demographic colonies in Italy, Libya,
and Ethiopia, and to prevent emigration and urbanization. Ultimately
they became concerned about demographic `quality' and introduced laws
against miscegenation with Africans and marriage with Jews....[The
author] also shows how the Fascists used statistics to mould public
opinion and to form policy, and demonstrates the ways in which
population theory at the time both reflected and informed official
positions."
Correspondence: Cambridge University
Press, Pitt Building, Trumpington Street, Cambridge CB2 1RP, England.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
63:10758 Kosunen, Elise A.-L.; Rimpelä,
Matti K. Towards regional equality in family planning:
teenage pregnancies and abortions in Finland from 1976 to 1993.
Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica, Vol. 75, No. 6, 1996.
540-7 pp. Copenhagen, Denmark. In Eng.
"A major goal of
Finnish family planning policy since the 1970s has been to minimize
unintended pregnancies by providing equal contraception and abortion
services throughout the country. This report looks at how this policy
has succeeded among teenagers....In 1993, the teenage pregnancy rate
was 20/1,000 and the abortion rate 9.5/1,000 in the whole
country....The abortion rate ranged from 8/1,000 to 14/1,000.
Childbirths decreased, particularly at the beginning of the study
period, while abortions declined sharply towards the end of the
period....In 16-17 year-olds, the trends were quite equal in different
provinces. In 18-19 year-olds, pregnancies remained more frequent in
the north and were more often carried to term, while the choice of
abortion was more likely in the south."
Correspondence:
E. A.-L. Kosunen, University of Tampere, Medical School, Box 607,
33 101 Tampere, Finland. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
63:10759 Kuumba, M. Bahati.
Reproductive imperialism: population and labor control of the third
world. 21st Century Afro Review, Vol. 2, No. 1, Winter 1996.
155-79 pp. Langley Park, Maryland. In Eng.
"The present
research examines the various critiques of international population
policy. It investigates the relationship between global population
control and the increasingly intense need among transnational
corporations for a controllable, cheap labor pool. Finally, it
consolidates the evidence that points to an intricate connection
between population control programs and global business
interests."
Correspondence: M. B. Kuumba, State
University of New York, Buffalo State College, Buffalo, NY 14222.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
63:10760 Nádasné Uhrin,
Györgyi. Impact of the introduction of a childcare
fee on the number of births in Békés county. [A
gyermekgondozási díj bevezetésének
hatása a születések alakulására
Békés megyében.] Demográfia, Vol. 39, No.
4, 1996. 371-5 pp. Budapest, Hungary. In Hun.
An attempt is made to
estimate the impact on fertility of the introduction of childcare fees
over the period 1984-1994 in the Hungarian county of
Békés.
Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
63:10761 Oláh, Livia S.
The impact of public policies on the second-birth rates in Sweden:
a gender perspective. Stockholm Research Reports in Demography,
No. 98, ISBN 91-7820-116-0. Oct 1996. 29 pp. Stockholm University,
Demography Unit: Stockholm, Sweden. In Eng.
"In this paper I
have applied the feminist perspective focusing on structural
constraints that shape the relationship between work and reproduction
in order to study the impact of public policies on second-birth rates
of women and men. The empirical analysis is based on data from the
Swedish Family Survey of 1992. The method of hazard regression is used
as the tool of analysis. The model includes covariates which are
expected to reflect the effects of individual characteristics, human
capital and the family policy on fertility. The results show that
Swedish public policies have indeed influenced individual's
childbearing behavior."
Correspondence: Stockholm
University, Demography Unit, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
63:10762 Tárkányi,
Ákos. European family policies: the history of the
Swedish family policy. [Európai
családpolitikák: a svéd családpolitika
története.] Demográfia, Vol. 39, No. 4, 1996. 263-90
pp. Budapest, Hungary. In Hun.
This article describes the
development of policies designed to support the family in Sweden.
Particular attention is given to the impact of such policies on
fertility.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
Government policies relating to emigration, immigration, and population resettlement. See also the appropriate categories under H. Migration that include general studies also covering policy issues.
63:10763 Birrell, Bob. Managing
the cost and scale of family reunion: current dilemmas. People and
Place, Vol. 4, No. 4, 1996. 58-67 pp. Clayton, Australia. In Eng.
"Growth in the numbers of family reunion migrants [to
Australia], especially those with low-skilled, poor and
non-English-speaking backgrounds, has prompted Government attempts to
slow the intake. So far the politics of the situation have meant such
attempts have met with limited success. The implications are explored
in this article."
Correspondence: B. Birrell, Monash
University, Centre for Population and Urban Research, Clayton, Victoria
3168, Australia. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
63:10764 Calavita, Kitty. The new
politics of immigration: "balanced-budget conservatism" and
the symbolism of Proposition 187. Social Problems, Vol. 43, No. 3,
Aug 1996. 284-305 pp. Berkeley, California. In Eng.
"This
paper focuses on the politics of the new immigration restrictionism as
manifest in Proposition 187, passed by California voters in 1994. I
first show that restrictionist sentiment and immigrant scapegoating
have a long history in U.S. immigration politics, briefly reviewing
three periods of early nativism....I then make two principal arguments.
First, I argue that the new nativism embodied in Proposition 187--which
would bar undocumented immigrants in California from receiving social
services, including public schooling--corresponds to specific features
of the late twentieth-century political-economic
landscape....Second...I show that Proposition 187 is symbolic in that
it derives from and evokes beliefs about immigrants' responsibility and
blame for the current economic and fiscal crisis. In addition, I
suggest that Proposition 187 may represent a new kind of symbolic
politics in which alienated voters--those who bother to vote at
all--use their ballot symbolically to express anger and `send a
message'."
Correspondence: K. Calavita, University of
California, Department of Criminology, Law and Society, Irvine, CA
92717. Location: Princeton University Library (FST).
63:10765 Fincher, R. Gender, age,
and ethnicity in immigration for an Australian nation. Environment
and Planning A, Vol. 29, No. 2, Feb 1997. 217-36 pp. London, England.
In Eng.
An analysis of Australian immigration policy since World
War II is presented. The emphasis is on the gender and age of preferred
immigrants, rather than on their race or place of birth. "The
author proposes that selection of immigrant settlers in Australia since
World War 2 has been gendered as well as racialised, often combining
particular sexisms with particular racisms and specifying the ways that
ethnicity and gender should coexist in immigrants of different age
groups. She notes implications for immigrants once in Australia
(especially women) of the category under which they have entered the
country. And she suggests that a new phase relating immigration to
redefinition of the Australian nation, in which the temporary migration
of skilled workers is preferred to their permanent migration, may be
beginning; a phase whose modes of regulation and outcomes are as
distinctively gendered as were those of their
predecessors."
Correspondence: R. Fincher, University
of Melbourne, Department of Geography and Environmental Studies,
Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia. E-mail:
fin@ariel.ucs.unimelb.edu.au. Location: Princeton University
Library (UES).
63:10766 Haus, Leah A. Openings
in the wall: transnational migrants, labor unions, and U.S. immigration
policy. International Organization, Vol. 49, No. 2, Spring 1995.
285-313 pp. Cambridge, Massachusetts. In Eng.
"This article
seeks to enhance our understanding of why the United States resisted
restrictionist [immigration] legislation in the late twentieth century
during times when one may have expected a movement toward closure, as
occurred in the 1920s....The article will supplement a state-centric
approach with insights from the perspective of complex
interdependence--the significance of transnational relations and the
blurring of foreign and domestic politics. I will argue that the
societal groups that influence the formation of U.S. immigration policy
contain a transnational component, which contributes to the maintenance
of relatively open legislation....More specifically, I will argue that
the transnationalization of the labor market...blurs the boundaries
between foreign and domestic constituents for unions, causing unions to
resist those restrictionist immigration measures that impede
organization of foreign-born workers. Hence, the pressures for
restrictionism are weaker than anticipated by the conventional wisdom
that expects labor to lobby for closure."
Location:
Princeton University Library (FST).
63:10767 Horowitz, Tamar.
Value-oriented parameters in migration policies in the 1990s: the
Israeli experience. International Migration, Vol. 34, No. 4, 1996.
513-37 pp. Geneva, Switzerland. In Eng. with sum. in Fre; Spa.
"This article focuses on value inputs at various junctures of
the immigrant-absorption process in Israel and their possible
implications for the future of the immigrants....The model of value
inputs of the 1990s suggests several directions in which absorption
policy may head....One such direction is dominant in other immigration
countries: the integration of the stronger immigrants--those whose
ability to function in modern Western society is high--is left to
market forces....Another possible paradigm of absorption is one in
which the government intervenes selectively to help especially
disadvantaged groups....A third orientation depends on the immigration
trend. If immigration tapers off, the government will intervene more
intensively and extensively in the integration of the 1990s immigrants,
particularly at the municipal level."
Correspondence:
T. Horowitz, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, P.O. Box 653,
Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
63:10768 Jenks, Rosemary.
Immigration reform in U.S. and Europe. Forum for Applied
Research and Public Policy, Vol. 10, No. 3, Fall 1995. 58-64 pp.
Knoxville, Tennessee. In Eng.
The author compares attempts at
immigration reform in the United States and Europe. "The European
immigration experience demonstrates that many measures can be
implemented at the national level to control immigration. The United
States has recently explored some of those options, but it has yet to
grasp the magnitude of the problem....Immigrant-receiving nations,
given the political will, can control pull factors through national
legislation. Push factors, however, cannot be controlled in the same
way. A main difference between U.S. and European immigration-reform
efforts is the higher degree of regional and international cooperation
in Europe aimed at addressing these push factors....European
governments have recognized that it is not feasible to stop mass
immigration solely at the national level. The United States must
acknowledge this limitation as well."
Correspondence:
R. Jenks, Center for Immigration Studies, 1815 H Street NW, Suite
1010, Washington, D.C. 20006-3604. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
63:10769 Lee, Joseph S.; Wang,
Su-Wan. Recruiting and managing of foreign workers in
Taiwan. Asian and Pacific Migration Journal, Vol. 5, No. 2-3,
1996. 281-301 pp. Quezon City, Philippines. In Eng.
"The first
part of this article reviews the reasons for a labor migration policy
in Taiwan and the characteristics of foreign workers currently employed
in the country. The second part examines the procedures and practices
for recruiting and managing labor migrants and explores the reasons for
the biggest issue in...Taiwanese labor migration policy: the runaway
foreign workers. Admitting that illegal migration cannot be controlled,
the paper recommends to limit employment of migrants only where it is
absolutely necessary."
Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
63:10770 Mori, Hiromi.
Immigration policy and foreign workers in Japan. ISBN
0-312-16401-7. LC 96-26630. 1997. xiii, 227 pp. Macmillan Press:
Basingstoke, England; St. Martin's Press: New York, New York. In Eng.
"In the second half of the 1980s Japan emerged as one of the
new major destination countries for migrants from Asia. The migrant
labour pool was then joined by Japanese descendants from South American
countries in the 1990s. Japan's policy of keeping the labour market
closed to foreign unskilled workers has remained essentially unchanged
despite the 1990 immigration policy reform, which met the growing need
for unskilled labour by letting immigrants in through the back door.
This book throws light on various aspects of immigration into Japan and
the present status of migrant workers as conditioned by Japan's
immigration control system. The analysis aims to explore how the
massive arrival of migrants affected Japan's immigration policy and how
that policy segmented the foreign labour market in
Japan."
Correspondence: Macmillan Press, Houndmills,
Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 6XS, England. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
63:10771 Nagayama, Toshikazu.
Foreign workers recruiting policies in Japan. Asian and
Pacific Migration Journal, Vol. 5, No. 2-3, 1996. 241-64 pp. Quezon
City, Philippines. In Eng.
"This article presents the basic
characteristics of the foreign workers recruiting policy in Japan,
which consists [of] barring entry to unskilled workers, and confronts
it with the actual tolerance for a large number of illegal unskilled
workers. After a historical overview of the reasons for the current
policy, the article examines elements which reveal that a seclusionist
policy is based on mistaken assumptions and reviews policy options to
deal with the issue of illegal migration."
Correspondence:
T. Nagayama, Nihon University, College of Commerce, Tokyo 102,
Japan. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
63:10772 O'Brien, Peter.
Migration and its risks. International Migration Review, Vol.
30, No. 4, Winter 1996. 1,067-77 pp. Staten Island, New York. In Eng.
"This essay applies the theories of Ulrich Beck...to the
politics of migration in Germany. In particular, the essay focuses on
Beck's notion of the waning influence, indeed even relevancy, of
science and scientists regarding postmodern risk phenomena. The essay
argues that migration to Germany can be understood as a Beckian risk
phenomenon, helping to explain the decreasing influence of social
scientists over the politics of migration in the Federal
Republic."
Correspondence: P. O'Brien, Trinity
University, 715 Stadium Drive, San Antonio, TX 78212-7200.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
63:10773 Simard, Myriam. The
Quebec policy of regionalizing immigration: the stakes and the
paradoxes. [La politique québécoise de
régionalisation de l'immigration: enjeux et paradoxes.]
Recherches Sociographiques, Vol. 37, No. 3, Sep-Dec 1996. 439-69, 609
pp. Quebec, Canada. In Fre. with sum. in Eng.
The author assesses
the impact of the Quebec provincial government's immigration policy,
which has encouraged immigrants to settle throughout the province
rather than remain concentrated in the major urban areas. She notes
that the policy on immigration has been intertwined with other
socioeconomic and political objectives. The immigration policy raises
issues concerning the role of the provincial government in the
development of the regions and the relations between local and
provincial authorities.
Correspondence: M. Simard, Institut
National de la Recherche Scientifique, 2635 boulevard Hochelaga, Suite
640, C.P. 7500, Sainte-Foy, Quebec G1V 4C7, Canada. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
