Studies concerned with the relations between population factors as a whole and economic aspects. Relations affecting a single demographic variable and economic factors are coded under the variable concerned and cross-referenced to this division, if appropriate.
Studies concerned equally with economic and social development. Most studies on the microeconomics of the family will be found in G.2. Family and Household and cross-referenced to this division, if appropriate.
Studies on economic and social development with a worldwide emphasis, together with those with no geographical emphasis.
63:10644 Higgins, Matthew; Williamson, Jeffrey
G. Asian demography and foreign capital dependence.
NBER Working Paper, No. 5560, May 1996. 37, [28] pp. National Bureau of
Economic Research [NBER]: Cambridge, Massachusetts. In Eng.
"We argue that: Much of the impressive rise in Asian savings
rates since the 1960s can be explained by the equally impressive
decline in youth dependency burdens; Where Asia has kicked the foreign
capital dependence habit is where youth dependency burdens have fallen
most dramatically; Aging will not diminish Japan's capacity to export
capital in the next century, but little of it will go to the rest of
Asia since the rest will become net capital exporters, at least if
demography is allowed to have its way. These conclusions emerge from a
model which rejects steady-state analysis in favor of transition
analysis, and extends the conventional focus of the dependency rate
literature on savings to investment and net capital
flows."
Correspondence: National Bureau of Economic
Research, 1050 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02138. Location:
Princeton University Library (PF).
63:10645 Kelley, Allen C.; Schmidt, Robert
M. Saving, dependency and development. Journal of
Population Economics, Vol. 9, No. 4, 1996. 365-86 pp. Berlin, Germany.
In Eng.
"The widely-observed finding in the literature showing
little or no relationship between population growth (and dependency)
and saving requires modification based on panel and cross-section
estimation of aggregate country data. While such a relationship is
still weak in the hybrid Leff-type model, it is now found consistently
over time and by stage of development in the Mason variable-growth
life-cycle framework, where changes in demographic factors account for
a notable part of saving."
Correspondence: A. C.
Kelley, Duke University, Department of Economics, Box 90097, Durham, NC
27708-0097. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
63:10646 Milbourne, Ross. Growth,
capital accumulation and foreign debt. Economica, Vol. 64, No.
253, Feb 1997. 1-13 pp. Oxford, England. In Eng.
"This paper
investigates the relationship between growth, population growth,
capital accumulation and foreign debt. The paper uses an open economy
neoclassical growth model to look at what macroeconomic forces explain
why a number of countries accumulated (often unsustainable) debt and
others did not. We show that a condition for debt stabilization relates
the marginal propensity to consume out of wealth to the population
growth rate and real rate of interest. The paper also shows that higher
natural population growth must be associated with a higher level of net
foreign debt per head, but that the same conclusion does not follow for
higher rates of immigration, nor necessarily for higher rates of
productivity growth. Finally, the paper characterizes a fiscal policy
rule which if followed would prevent economies from entering debt traps
following adverse shocks."
Correspondence: R.
Milbourne, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW 2033,
Australia. Location: Princeton University Library (PF).
63:10647 Myers, Norman; Vincent, Jeffrey R.;
Panayotou, Theodore. Consumption: challenge to sustainable
development...or distraction? Science, Vol. 276, No. 5309, Apr 4,
1997. 53-7 pp. Washington, D.C. In Eng.
This is a debate on the
significance of consumption for the achievement of sustainable levels
of global development. Myers argues that consumption, particularly in
developed countries, may prove the least tractable of the four
interlinked problems of population, environment, development, and
consumption. Vincent and Panayotou, on the other hand, argue that the
problem is caused not by consumption levels, but by consumption
patterns, and that more sustainable consumption patterns can be
realized through adoption of appropriate policies. Responses to both
arguments from the other side are included.
Correspondence:
N. Myers, Oxford University, Green College, Oxford, England; J. F.
Vincent, Harvard Institute for International Development, 1 Eliot
Street, Cambridge, MA 02138. E-mail: jvincent@hiid.harvard.edu.
Location: Princeton University Library (SZ).
63:10648 Rosenzweig, Mark R.; Stark,
Oded. Handbook of population and family economics.
Handbooks in Economics, Vol. 14, No. 1A, 1B, ISBN 0-444-89647-3. 1997.
1,302 pp. Elsevier Science Publishers: Amsterdam, Netherlands. In Eng.
This publication is part of a series of handbooks produced for
various branches of economics and designed to provide "a
definitive source, reference, and teaching supplement for use by
professional researchers and advanced graduate students". This
handbook provides a collection of the contributions of various
economists to the study of demographic phenomena in general, and to the
study of the family in particular. The 21 contributions are presented
in two volumes, and organized under six topics: the family, including
family formation and dissolution, intrahousehold distribution, and
intergenerational and interhousehold economic links; fertility,
including the cost of children and the economics of having children in
both developed and developing countries; mortality and health,
including infants and children on the one hand and adults and the
elderly on the other; migration, both internal and international;
demographic aging; and aggregate population change and economic
growth.
Selected items will be cited in this or subsequent issues of
Population Index.
Correspondence: Elsevier Science
Publishers, P.O. Box 839, 1000 AV Amsterdam, Netherlands. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
General studies on the relations between population factors and economic development in developing countries. Includes studies on dependency as they relate to developing countries.
63:10649 Boland, Barbara.
Population dynamics and development in the Caribbean.
[Dinámica de la población y desarrollo en el Caribe.]
Notas de Población, No. 62, Dec 1995. 57-113 pp. Santiago,
Chile. In Spa.
The author investigates the impact of socioeconomic
development on population dynamics in the Caribbean. Aspects considered
include mortality patterns; fertility trends; adolescent fertility;
international, intra-regional, and return migration; and policy
implications.
Correspondence: B. Boland, UN Economic
Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean, Regional Office for the
Caribbean, Casilla 91, Santiago, Chile. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
63:10650 Chathley, Y. P.
Education, population and development: a regional perspective of
northwest India. ISBN 81-85835-24-1. May 1995. xxx, 570 pp. Centre
for Research in Rural and Industrial Development: Chandigarh, India. In
Eng.
This study examines the relations among education, population,
and development in northeast India, using 1971, 1981, and 1991 census
data. The analysis is performed at both the district and tehsil
(sub-district) level. The author illustrates "the mutual
relationship of demographic structures, population distribution and
levels of economic, social and educational development. The
relationships have been found to be complex and to vary geographically
with the level of social, economic, cultural and educational
development of the region. The study seeks to identify the constraints
in initiating programmes of action for and achieving the objective of
the universalization of education, conditions of varying population
growth patterns and diverse perspectives of
development."
Correspondence: Centre for Research in
Rural and Industrial Development, 2-A Sector 19-A, Madhya Marg,
Chandigarh 160 019, India. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
63:10651 Hill, Kenneth; Palloni,
Alberto. Demographic responses to economic shocks: the
case of Latin America. Research in Human Capital and Development,
Vol. 8, 1994. 197-223 pp. Greenwich, Connecticut. In Eng.
The
authors examine the extent to which the economic fluctuations that
occurred in Latin America during the 1980s had demographic effects.
"The plan of the paper is as follows. First, we discuss briefly
the mechanisms through which economic recession and adjustments
programs might affect demographic outcomes. Second, we implement a
simple procedure to assess the magnitudes of the short-term economic
effects of the current recession on nuptiality, fertility and
mortality. Third, we apply a technique using successive census age
distributions to estimate the magnitude of past fertility and mortality
fluctuations. In an effort to provide additional evidence of
demographic responses to past crises, these `indirect' estimates are
then compared with more direct ones obtained from somewhat scanty
historical records."
Correspondence: K. Hill, Johns
Hopkins University, Department of Population Dynamics, 615 North Wolfe
Street, Baltimore, MD 21205. Location: Princeton University
Library (SSRC).
63:10652 Li, Yongping. Impact of
population size on market demand under a market economy. Chinese
Journal of Population Science, Vol. 8, No. 2, 1996. 163-8 pp. New York,
New York. In Eng.
"This study...will address the impact of the
size of [China's] population upon demand rather than consumption in
order to be consistent with the analysis of demand-supply equilibrium.
The...discussion on the relationship between market demand and consumer
population is based on examples (qualitative analysis) and hypotheses
(quantitative analysis), in an effort to discern the correlated factors
and provide a basis for further study."
Correspondence:
Y. Li, Beijing University, Institute of Demography, Hai Dian,
Beijing 100871, China. Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
63:10653 McFadden, Patricia.
Reproductive rights and population control in Zimbabwe.
Southern Africa Political and Economic Monthly, Vol. 8, No. 8, May
1995. 42-4 pp. Harare, Zimbabwe. In Eng.
The author argues that
population control in Zimbabwe, in other developing countries, and even
in developed countries is targeted at non-whites and at the poorer
classes. She discusses fertility vaccines and male sterilization in
this context, and makes the point that while the technology of
population control flows from the North to the South, resources from
the South are flowing North to maintain the economic status quo.
"I think that the real population problem is the widening gap
between a few greedy, irresponsible people, most of whom happen to be
located in the North, and the rest of humankind, whose lives have been
so denigrated that they are now merely statistics....We can easily see
that what should be feeding, clothing, housing, healing, pleasing
Africans, goes North, all in the name of
`development'."
Location: Princeton University Library
(PR).
63:10654 Nyamwange, Monica.
Population growth and development: the Kenyan experience.
Scandinavian Journal of Development Alternatives, Vol. 14, No. 1-2,
Mar-Jun 1995. 149-60 pp. Stockholm, Sweden. In Eng.
"Evidence
from Kenyan demographic data indicates that the fertility levels among
Kenyan women are still high, with an average household of seven, an
annual population growth rate close to four percent. The high rate of
population growth is attributed to a decline in infant mortality,
improved medical services and generally lower mortality. This paper
addresses the impacts of rapid population growth on the development
process....The paper argues that slowing the rate of population growth
is critical if sustainable economic development is to be
attained."
Correspondence: M. Nyamwange, East
Stroudsburg University, East Stroudsburg, PA 18301-2988. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPIA).
63:10655 Ohadike, Patrick O. The
African population growth and development conundrum. Health
Transition Review, Vol. 6, Suppl., 1996. 325-44 pp. Canberra,
Australia. In Eng.
"Africa today has great untapped resources
but a large proportion of its population suffers from despondency,
poverty and deprivation. For the last 35 years or so, despite the
volume of assistance from the international community, African
countries have not been successful in curing the malaise. This
paralysis constitutes the major conundrum of African development. There
has been a total evaporation of the development successes of the 1960s
and 1970s and a marked decline thereafter, in a world that has been
increasingly experiencing unprecedented expansion of wealth....Given
that most favourable conditions in the continent are in a state of
flux, another riddle is to ascertain if and when Africa in contrast to
other developing countries, can possibly attain an advanced stage in
the demographic transition....Still another riddle is founded on a
rather simplistic expectation of the elimination of poverty and
inequality in international economic relations through the rich solving
the problems of the poor."
Correspondence: P. O.
Ohadike, United Nations Development Programme, P.O. Box 1423, Accra,
Ghana. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
63:10656 Rock, Michael T. The
stork, the plow, rural social structure and tropical deforestation in
poor countries? Ecological Economics, Vol. 18, No. 2, Aug 1996.
113-31 pp. Amsterdam, Netherlands. In Eng.
"This paper uses a
model of deforestation based on rural household labor allocation
decisions to empirically assess how those decisions interact with the
structure of rural political economy to determine the extent of
deforestation in poor countries. Cross-country multiple regression
equations suggest that policies to intensify smallholder agriculture
can slow population movement to the agricultural frontier. But
regression results also show that this outcome depends on the degree of
equality in the distribution of landholdings and the extent of rural
rootlessness. These findings have two important implications for public
policy. First, they suggest that efforts to slow deforestation must
start with an understanding of the behavior of the millions of small
farmers who now deforest. Second, they suggest that political economy
interpretations of deforestation need to [be] taken more seriously by
those trying to conserve forested areas."
Correspondence:
M. T. Rock, Winrock International Institute for Agricultural
Development, 1611 N. Kent Street, Arlington, VA 22209. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
63:10657 Schmid, Josef.
Development under population pressure and shortage of resources--an
alternative path to the demographic transition. International
Journal of Sociology and Social Policy, Vol. 15, No. 8-10, 1995. 95-118
pp. Hull, England. In Eng.
The author discusses problems of
population pressure and limited resources in developing countries. He
suggests that the development experiences of the United States and
Europe may not be applicable to developing countries, due to more
extreme needs for food and resources. He presents new guidelines for
thinking about population development and the environment in developing
countries, and suggests ways for the West to assist these
nations.
Correspondence: J. Schmid, Otto Friedrich
Universität Bamberg, Lehrstuhl für
Bevölkerungswissenschaft, Hornthalstraße 2, 96045 Bamberg,
Germany. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
63:10658 Simpson, Alan K.; Beilenson, Anthony
C.; Wendt, David; Gelbard, Alene; deSherbinin, Alex; Levy,
Karen. Population and U.S. national interests: a framework
for thinking about the connections. A report of the CSIS Steering
Committee on Population and U.S. National Interests. CSIS Panel
Report, ISBN 0-89206-278-9. LC 95-42426. 1996. 34 pp. Center for
Strategic and International Studies: Washington, D.C. In Eng.
"The purpose of this report is to examine the link between
population trends and economic, social, and political conditions and to
assess their significance within overall U.S. foreign policy priorities
for the post-cold war period." The focus is on rapid population
growth as a root cause of instability in developing countries, and on
the challenge of population to global security. The role of population
issues in internal U.S. politics is also
considered.
Correspondence: Center for Strategic and
International Studies, 1800 K Street NW, Washington, D.C. 20006.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
63:10659 Tian, Xueyuan.
Sustainable development of population and resources. Chinese
Journal of Population Science, Vol. 8, No. 3, 1996. 239-47 pp. New
York, New York. In Eng.
"This article proposes...that
sustainable development of population and resources is a condition
which in the final analysis, can be summarized as the material
transformation of resources. For China, the formation of a sustainable
development strategy for population and resources requires an awareness
of resource scarcity..., an awareness of population increase and the
trend of consequential decrease in the per capita possession of
resources, and an awareness of the `weighted effect' of [the]
population increase denominator--which means the increase of per capita
consumption of resources caused by people's pursuit of a higher living
standard, the acceleration of population urbanization, and changes in
consumption pattern."
Correspondence: X. Tian, Chinese
Academy of Social Sciences, Population Research Institute, 5 Jianguomen
Nei Da Jie 5 Hao, Beijing, China. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
63:10660 Yu, Xuejun. The
economics of population aging in China. Chinese Journal of
Population Science, Vol. 8, No. 2, 1996. 205-19 pp. New York, New York.
In Eng.
"Using Marxist economic theories as a theoretical
framework, this article presents the aging of the population [in China]
as an external variable for the socioeconomic function in studying the
relationship between population aging and production, distribution,
exchange, consumption, and social security. It gives an illustration of
the relationship between population aging and economic development and
offers economic countermeasures for population
aging."
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
Studies on the relations between population and economic factors as they affect the developed world. Also includes studies on the economic effects of a stationary or declining population, the effects of aging on the economy, retirement, and problems of economic dependency in developed countries.
63:10661 Deming, William G. A
decade of economic change and population shifts in U.S. regions.
Monthly Labor Review, Vol. 119, No. 11, Nov 1996. 3-14 pp. Washington,
D.C. In Eng.
"This article examines the economic fortunes of
the individual [U.S.] States between 1983 and 1995. The first part of
the article examines employment growth within the States, using a
shift-share analysis. Next, because State employment growth often goes
hand-in-hand with population growth, these two variables are examined
in combination. Finally, several key issues related to regional
economic growth over the last decade are
discussed."
Correspondence: W. G. Deming, Bureau of
Labor Statistics, Office of Employment Projections, Washington, D.C.
20212. Location: Princeton University Library (Docs).
63:10662 Holzer, Jerzy Z. Five
years of socioeconomic transformation in Poland--can we observe its
impact on demographic processes already? [A
társadalmi-gazdasági átalakulás öt
éve Lengyelországban--észlelhetjük-e
már ennek hatását a demográfiai
folyamatokra?] Demográfia, Vol. 39, No. 4, 1996. 223-33 pp.
Budapest, Hungary. In Hun.
The demographic impact of the recent
socioeconomic and political changes that have occurred in Poland is
examined. Attention is given to changes in the age distribution of the
rural and urban population, natural increase, marriage and divorce
patterns, fertility, and life expectancy.
Correspondence:
J. Z. Holzer, Ul. Mazowiecka 11 m 13, 00-052 Warsaw, Poland.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
63:10663 Peterson, Peter G. Will
America grow up before it grows old? How the coming Social Security
crisis threatens you, your family, and your country. ISBN
0-679-45256-7. LC 96-21492. 1996. xi, 237 pp. Random House: New York,
New York. In Eng.
This study examines the question "How will
America prepare and pay for the growing dependency of our rapidly aging
population?" The book has three main themes. The first is the
inevitable demographic aging that will occur; over the next 45 years,
the number of people 65 and over will increase by about 40 million, a
rate much higher than the growth of the working-age population. The
second concerns the problems of dependency generated by this change in
age distribution, and particularly the ballooning costs of Social
Security and Medicare. The third addresses ways to solve these
problems; the author calls for an increase in savings of current
income, and for research and education on increasing worker
productivity.
Correspondence: Random House, 400 Hahn Road,
Westminster, MD 21157. Location: Princeton University Library
(FST).
63:10664 Simcox, David E.
Immigration and informalization of the economy: enrichment or
atomization of community. Population and Environment, Vol. 18, No.
3, Jan 1997. 255-81 pp. New York, New York. In Eng.
"The
informal [U.S.] economy consists of those enterprises or individual
workers which escape government regulation of wages, hours, labor
safety and health, taxation, zoning or immigration....Providing the
large labor reserve amenable to informalization has been the heavy
admission of low-expectation, non-English speaking foreign workers
since the late 1960s, and the subsequent inheritance by many of their
U.S.-born children of similar labor market disadvantages. Abetting this
transition have been deliberate government cutbacks since 1980 on
enforcement of labor, immigration, safety and health standards. This
article reviews the major ideological perspectives on informalization,
which range from open admiration and encouragement of it as a force for
economic competitiveness, to apprehension and condemnation as a form of
state-condoned exploitation and an obstacle to sound development,
greater income equality, community cohesion and rational economic
planning."
Correspondence: D. E. Simcox, Migration
Demographics, 9835 Timberwood Circle, Louisville, KY 40223.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
Studies on the environment, quality of life, conservation, food production, etc., and their interrelations with population factors.
63:10665 Aramburú, Carlos E.
Population and the environment: perspectives and proposals.
[Población y medio ambiente: perspectivas y propuestas.] Revista
Peruana de Población, No. 5, 1994. 9-39 pp. Lima, Peru. In Spa.
with sum. in Eng.
The author "reviews and analyzes different
positions with regard to the relationship between population and
environment....[He] examines the patterns--both static and
dynamic--developed to study the environmental impact. Even though
developed countries continue being mainly responsible for the
industrial and energetical pollution, urbanized developing countries
are not far behind in air and water springs pollution, deforestation
and erosion of agricultural soils. [The author] puts forward some
proposals to achieve an integrated approach to health programmes and to
the management of resources at community level. For that purpose, he
recommends four strategic criteria: population selection, community
participation, program focus and technology
transfer."
Correspondence: C. E. Aramburú,
Pathfinder International, Regional Office for Latin America, 9 Galen
Street, Watertown, MA 02172-4501. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
63:10666 Colombo, Umberto. Energy
resources and population. In: Resources and population: natural,
institutional, and demographic dimensions of development, edited by
Bernardo Colombo, Paul Demeny, and Max F. Perutz. 1996. 53-63 pp.
Clarendon Press: Oxford, England. In Eng.
The relation between
energy resources and population is examined, with consideration given
separately to fossil and nonfossil fuels. The author concludes that
"the availability of energy sources in general, and the depletion
of fossil-fuel reserves in particular, are not by themselves limiting
factors in sustaining a still rapidly increasing world population on
its way to development. The limits are rather in the way these
resources are used, in the way technologies for their use are made
available, and in how developing countries can be enabled to acquire,
adapt, develop, and diffuse advanced energy
technologies."
Correspondence: U. Colombo,
Università degli Studi di Padova, Dipartimento dei Scienze
Statistiche, 35100 Padua, Italy. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
63:10667 Ezra, Markos.
Demographic responses to ecological degradation and food
insecurity: drought prone areas in northern Ethiopia. PDOD
Publication, Series A, ISBN 90-5170-415-1. 1997. [xii], 373, [43] pp.
Netherlands Graduate School of Research in Demography [PDOD]:
Amsterdam, Netherlands; Thesis Publishers: Amsterdam, Netherlands. In
Eng. with sum. in Dut.
"This research explores the
relationship between growing ecological degradation and declining
agricultural productivity on the one hand and increasing population
density on the other. It presents...discussion on public awareness and
perception about rural resources degradation and uncovers the social
and demographic consequences of ecological degradation and food
insecurity based on primary micro-level data collected from selected
drought prone communities in Northern Ethiopia. Specifically, it
attempts to measure the demographic changes that have taken place in
the period 1984-1994 and interpret them in the context of demographic
transition theory. It is argued that stress due to degradation of
resources has compelled local people to realize the disadvantage of
having a large number of children and apparently has led to fertility
decline."
Correspondence: Thesis Publishers,
Prinseneiland 305, 1013 LP Amsterdam, Netherlands. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
63:10668 Gendreau, Francis; Gubry, Patrick;
Véron, Jacques. Population and environment in
developing countries. [Populations et environnement dans les pays
du Sud.] Economie et Développement, ISBN 2-86537-670-2. 1996.
308 pp. Karthala: Paris, France; Centre Français sur la
Population et le Développement [CEPED]: Paris, France. In Fre.
This collective work, which is the product of two recent CEPED
seminars, concerns the relation between population and the environment
in developing countries. The work as a whole revolves around the need
for systems of production, currently producing enough to feed only 6
billion people, to evolve to enable 12 billion people to be fed. It is
argued that the expansion and intensification of agricultural
production involved will place the environment in danger. Furthermore,
it is noted that the development of the now developed world was
achieved largely through the exploitation and consumption of the
natural world, and that a repeat of this process to meet the needs of
the developing world is not a viable option. The authors stress the
need to develop sustainable methods of production and consumption in
order to solve the development problem.
Correspondence:
Karthala, 22-24 boulevard Arago, 75013 Paris, France.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
63:10669 Hamilton, Lawrence C.; Seyfrit,
Carole L.; Bellinger, Christina. Environment and sex
ratios among Alaska natives: an historical perspective. Population
and Environment, Vol. 18, No. 3, Jan 1997. 283-99 pp. New York, New
York. In Eng.
"Linkages are often seen between environment and
basic demographic variables--birth rate, death rate, and migration
flow. In this article we direct attention to some ways in which
environmental variables can also have gender-specific effects on deaths
and migration. Such effects alter a society's male-female balance,
influencing both the life chances of individuals and the viability of
their communities. Our analysis here concentrates on Alaska, but the
patterns we describe appear to be more
general."
Correspondence: L. C. Hamilton, University
of New Hampshire, Sociology Department, Durham, NH 03824. E-mail:
Larry.Hamilton@unh.edu. Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
63:10670 Japan. Institute of Population
Problems (Tokyo, Japan). Research papers on the
interrelationship between population growth in developing countries and
the global environment, Volume 1. Institute of Population Problems
Research Series, No. 288, Mar 31, 1996. 334 pp. Tokyo, Japan. In Jpn.
This publication contains 24 papers by various Japanese scholars on
the impact of population growth on the environment in developing
countries. The primary focus is on the situation in China and
Thailand.
Correspondence: Institute of Population Problems,
Ministry of Health and Welfare, 1-2-2 Kasumigaseki, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo
100-45, Japan. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
63:10671 Kendall, Henry W.; Arrow, Kenneth J.;
Borlaug, Norman E.; Ehrlich, Paul R.; Lederberg, Joshua; Vargas,
José I.; Watson, Robert T.; Wilson, Edward O.
Meeting the challenges of population, environment, and resources:
the costs of inaction. Environmentally Sustainable Development
Proceedings Series, No. 14, ISBN 0-8213-3635-5. LC 96-9106. Sep 1996.
vi, 46 pp. World Bank: Washington, D.C. In Eng.
This is a report of
the senior scientists' panels that were associated with the third
annual World Bank Conference on Environmentally Sustainable
Development, co-sponsored by the Union of Concerned Scientists and the
World Bank. The conference was held in Washington, D.C. on October 4
and 9, 1995. The report focuses on the environmental challenges that
the world is facing, and on the fact that "the present course of
human behavior is inappropriate and likely to have very negative
effects on the planet in general and on developing countries in
particular". There are chapters on climate change, the loss of
biodiversity, food production, energy and climate change, disease,
population and environmental destruction, and the economic aspects of
environmental challenges.
Correspondence: World Bank, 1818
H Street NW, Washington, D.C. 20433. E-mail: books@worldbank.org.
Location: Princeton University Library (FST).
63:10672 Krishnan, Rekha. Growing
numbers and dwindling resources. ISBN 81-85419-08-6. LC 95-904823.
1994. xviii, 171 pp. Tata Energy Research Institute [TERI]: New Delhi,
India. In Eng.
This book consists of a collection of papers by
various authors, most of which were presented at the Seminar on
Population and Natural Resources held in New Delhi, September
31-October 1, 1993. "The book contains seven sections. It begins
with insights of a few learned individuals into the problem of
pressures of population on the environment. The next section takes a
look at global demographic trends and changes, and their development
and environmental implications. The third section deals with
sector-specific issues, namely, the urban, housing, energy and
transport sectors. The section on management issues addresses natural
resource management, natural resource accounting, and the roles of
technology and participatory development in resolving environmental
conflicts. The fifth section is about quantifying the
population-natural resources nexus. The last section presents varying
perspectives on the twin problems of population explosion and natural
resource depletion."
Correspondence: Tata Energy
Research Institute, Darbari Seth Block, Habitat Place, Lodhi Road, New
Delhi 110 003, India. Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
63:10673 Liu, Changmao. An
ecological analysis of the population in impoverished areas in
China. Chinese Journal of Population Science, Vol. 8, No. 2, 1996.
151-61 pp. New York, New York. In Eng.
"The fact that a third
of the counties in China were impoverished counties in the mid-1980s
was due both to historical and present reasons, including population
and environment....The analysis of the relationships between the
population and environment is the basic thread for studies on
anti-poverty strategies....The population in the impoverished areas in
China are faced with two major tasks: (1), restoring the damaged
agricultural resources to achieve ecological equilibrium; (2),
utilizing the mineral resources in a scientific fashion with minimized
pollution in order to protect the environment. Whether these tasks can
be accomplished during the same process depends on the population's
attitude towards nature and corresponding
behavior."
Correspondence: C. Liu, Hangzhou
University, Institute of Population and Development, 34 Tian Mu Shan
Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
63:10674 Martine, George.
Population and environment: lessons from the Latin American
experience. [Población y medio ambiente: lecciones de la
experiencia latinoamericana.] Notas de Población, No. 62, Dec
1995. 261-310 pp. Santiago, Chile. In Spa.
The relations between
population and environment are examined with a focus on the unique
situation in Latin America as compared with other developing countries.
The limitations of the debate on population and environment are
considered, with reference to biological alarmists and economic
revisionists. Specific aspects of the Latin American situation are
explored, including fertility trends, urbanization, and distinctions
between rural and urban areas.
Correspondence: G. Martine,
Harvard University, Center for Population and Development Studies, 9
Bow Street, Cambridge, MA 02138. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
63:10675 Myers, Norman; Simon, Julian
L. Scarcity or abundance? A debate on the
environment. ISBN 0-393-03590-5. LC 93-27995. 1994. xix, 254 pp.
W. W. Norton: New York, New York/London, England. In Eng.
This book
is a transcript of a debate that took place at Columbia University, New
York, in October 1992, between Norman Myers, a leading
environmentalist, and Julian Simon, a prominent skeptic on
environmentalism. The topic of the debate is the future of the planet
and whether conditions affecting the environment, natural resources,
and the human condition are likely to get better or worse. The book
consists of the pre-debate statements by both contributors, a
transcript of the debate, and their post-debate
statements.
Correspondence: W. W. Norton, 500 Fifth Avenue,
New York, NY 10110. Location: Princeton University Library
(FST).
63:10676 Princen, Thomas. Toward
a theory of restraint. Population and Environment, Vol. 18, No. 3,
Jan 1997. 233-54 pp. New York, New York. In Eng.
"Consumption
largely remains a black box in the population, environment, and global
change debates. The dominant perspective takes insatiability as
axiomatic and assumes that reduced consumption will only happen through
scarcity or the impositions of external authority. Yet humans often
exhibit resource limiting behavior that is not the result of external
controls nor is it altruistic or aberrant. This article develops the
concept of restraint as an evolutionarily and culturally significant
behavior, yet one that in modern times has been relegated to a
regressive, if not trivial, status. The article defines restraint,
hypothesizes its historical and evolutionary roots, lays out the
conditions under which it can occur, and develops a theoretical
parallel to cooperation in international relations
theory."
Correspondence: T. Princen, University of
Michigan, School of Natural Resources and Environment, Dana Building,
Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1115. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
63:10677 Willekens, F. J.
Population policies for sustainable human development.
Population Research Centre Working Paper, No. 1996-3, May 1996. 10 pp.
University of Groningen, Faculty of Spatial Sciences, Population
Research Centre: Groningen, Netherlands. In Eng.
"Sustainable
human development involves both environmental security and social
security. Issues of environmental security and access to natural
resources cannot be isolated from social security and access to the
human and financial resources required for social support. The paper
addresses some of the causal mechanisms that underlie the observed
interaction between population and environment....Current modelling
perspectives on the population-environment interaction are reviewed
briefly....The main thesis of the paper is that individuals [get
involved] in activities and networking (relationships) to satisfy a
hierarchy of needs."
Correspondence: University of
Groningen, Faculty of Spatial Sciences, Population Research Centre,
P.O. Box 800, 9700 AV Groningen, Netherlands. E-mail: PRC@FRW.RUG.NL.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
Studies of employment and labor force statistics that are of demographic relevance. Includes studies of the labor force (employment status, occupation, and industry) and of the relations among employment, labor force participation, and population factors. Studies on the effect of female labor force participation on fertility are coded under F.1. General Fertility and cross-referenced here.
63:10678 Angrist, Joshua D.; Evans, William
N. Children and their parents' labor supply: evidence from
exogenous variation in family size. NBER Working Paper, No. 5778,
Sep 1996. 43 pp. National Bureau of Economic Research [NBER]:
Cambridge, Massachusetts. In Eng.
"Although theoretical models
of labor supply and the family are well developed, there are few
credible estimates of key empirical relationships in the work-family
nexus. This study uses a new instrumental variable, the sex composition
of the first two births in families with at least two children, to
estimate the effect of additional children on parents' labor supply [in
the United States]. Instrumental variables estimates using the sex mix
are substantial but smaller than the corresponding ordinary least
squares (OLS) estimates. Moreover, unlike the OLS estimates, the female
labor supply effects estimated using sex-mix instruments appear to be
absent among more educated women and women with high-wage husbands. We
also find that married women who have a third child reduce their labor
supply by as much as women in the full sample, while there is no
relationship between wives' child-bearing and husbands' labor
supply."
Correspondence: National Bureau of Economic
Research, 1050 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02138. Author's
E-mail: angrist@mit.edu. Location: Princeton University
Library (PF).
63:10679 Bell, Brian D. The
performance of immigrants in the United Kingdom: evidence from the
GHS. Economic Journal, Vol. 107, No. 441, Mar 1997. 333-44 pp.
Oxford, England. In Eng.
"This paper assesses the performance
of immigrants in the U.K. labour market. After reviewing the changes in
the source countries of immigration using data from the GHS [General
Household Surveys] over the period 1973-92, we document the
significantly higher level of schooling attained by immigrants relative
to natives. This education gap has risen over successive cohorts
primarily because of changes in the national origin of immigrants. Our
analysis of relative wages shows that the main group of disadvantaged
immigrants are blacks who have significant foreign work experience.
However, there are strong assimilation effects for this group so that
this disadvantage is reduced significantly as duration in the United
Kingdom increases."
Correspondence: B. D. Bell,
University of Oxford, Institute of Economics and Statistics, Nuffield
College, St. Cross Building, Manor Road, Oxford OX1 3UL, England.
Location: Princeton University Library (PF).
63:10680 Chaleix, Mylène; Cason,
Nathalie. 1990 population census. The economically active
population at the place of work: results from the one-in-four
sample. [Recensement de la population de 1990. Population active
au lieu de travail: résultats du sondage au quart.]
Démographie-Société, No. 53-54, ISBN
2-11-066508-4. Dec 1996. 288 pp. Institut National de la Statistique et
des Etudes Economiques [INSEE]: Paris, France. In Fre.
This is one
in a series of seven volumes presenting results from the 1990 census of
France on specific topics. This volume contains data on the
economically active population by place of employment rather than place
of residence. Following a selection of retrospective data from previous
censuses, data are presented for France as a whole and for its regions,
departments, and urban areas with a population over 10,000. The results
indicate a labor force of 22,270,000, of whom about 200,000 work in
neighboring countries. There are significant geographic differences in
employment patterns, with a growing concentration of jobs in the
Ile-de-France region.
Correspondence: Institut National de
la Statistique et des Etudes Economiques, 18 boulevard Adolphe Pinard,
75675 Paris Cedex 14, France. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
63:10681 Chiswick, Barry R. The
performance of immigrants in the United States labor market. In:
Economic aspects of international migration, edited by Herbert Giersch.
1994. 95-114 pp. Springer-Verlag: New York, New York/Berlin, Germany.
In Eng.
This chapter examines the performance of immigrants in the
U.S. labor market, focusing on the adaptation and adjustment of
immigrants to U.S. conditions. A basic model of the labor market
adaptation of immigrants is first outlined and then applied to
empirical data for the United States. The results suggest that
immigrants generally experience a decline in occupational status at
first, but that after about 15 years, the earnings of many immigrants
come to equal and then exceed those of native-born individuals with the
same measurable characteristics, presumably because of higher levels of
immigrant ability and motivation.
Correspondence: B. R.
Chiswick, University of Illinois, Department of Economics, 601 South
Morgan Street, Chicago, IL 60607-7121. Location: Princeton
University Library (FST).
63:10682 Ekberg, Jan. Labour
market career among young Finnish immigrants in Sweden: a longitudinal
study. International Migration, Vol. 34, No. 3, 1996. 371-84 pp.
Geneva, Switzerland. In Eng. with sum. in Fre; Spa.
"The
conditions for young immigrants in the Swedish labour market have been
widely discussed in recent years. One hypothesis put forward is that
young immigrants tend to remain in jobs with low wages, high risks of
unemployment and bad working environments, and their mobility out of
such jobs is low....Because composition of the immigrant group, through
immigration and re-emigration, changes over time, the use of
longitudinal studies is especially useful. However, only a few such
studies have been conducted in Sweden, none of which gives special
attention to the labour market careers of immigrant youth. The aim of
this paper is to remedy this deficiency by using comprehensive
longitudinal data for the period 1970 to 1990. Finnish-born youth were
selected for study because they are the largest immigrant group in
Sweden."
Correspondence: J. Ekberg, Växjö
University, School of Management and Economics, 351 95 Växjö,
Sweden. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
63:10683 Gesano, Giuseppe. Labor
force activity and demographic behavior. [Attività di
lavoro e comportamenti demografici.] In: Démographie: analyse et
synthèse. Causes et conséquences des évolutions
démographiques, edited by Graziella Caselli, Jacques Vallin, and
Guillaume Wunsch. Aug 1996. 345-65 pp. Centre Français sur la
Population et le Développement [CEPED]: Paris, France;
Università degli Studi di Roma La Sapienza, Dipartimento di
Scienze Demografiche: Rome, Italy. In Ita.
The author examines the
impact of labor force activity on demographic trends, first at the
level of individuals and families, and then at the level of societies
in general. He summarizes the main sources of data on the economically
active population, presents some methods for analyzing such data, and
discusses sex and age differences in patterns of economic activity. In
the final section, the relation between economic activity and migration
is considered.
Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
63:10684 Hytti, Helka. Active and
retirement life expectancy in Finland. Yearbook of Population
Research in Finland, Vol. 33, 1996. 207-17 pp. Helsinki, Finland. In
Eng.
"The main purpose of the study was to examine how
retirement and active life time have changed in relation to the total
life expectancy in the Finnish population over the period 1970-1993.
The study also aimed at finding out how the ratio between pensioners
and the active population will evolve, if the general aim of Finnish
pension policy, to postpone retirement, is reached....The central
finding was that the increase in life expectancy had almost exclusively
lengthened the time spent in retirement. Active life expectancy at
birth varied relatively little. Early retirement had increasingly
concentrated in the population aged 55-64, while in the middle-aged
population, those under 55, active years had increased more than total
years of life. Prolonging active life expectancy at birth by one year
per decennium from 1990 to 2020 would reduce the increase in the
pensioner population by nearly one half compared with the growth
projected on the basis of 1990 prevalence
rates."
Correspondence: H. Hytti, Social Insurance
Institution, Helsinki, Finland. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
63:10685 Kang, Su Dol. Typology
and conditions of migrant workers in South Korea. Asian and
Pacific Migration Journal, Vol. 5, No. 2-3, 1996. 265-79 pp. Quezon
City, Philippines. In Eng.
"After presenting the three major
types of migrant workers currently in South Korea--professional
employees, technical trainees and illegal workers--this article
examines the role of contractors and other middle-men to expose the
possibility of `intermediary exploitation'. The results of such
exploitation are illustrated in the living and working conditions of
foreign workers."
Correspondence: S. D. Kang, Korea
Labor Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
63:10686 Kintner, Hallie J.; Swanson, David
A. Ties that bind: a case study of the link between
employers, families, and health benefits. Population Research and
Policy Review, Vol. 15, No. 5-6, Dec 1996. 509-26 pp. Dordrecht,
Netherlands. In Eng.
"Most U.S. residents receive health
benefits from their employer. Groups of employees and their families
are therefore the basis for health care financing. Health care costs
rose dramatically during the 1980s and employers looked for ways to
control them. One approach is to control the size of the group provided
health benefits by an employer. This paper uses a demographic
perspective to explore the determinants of change in an employer's
group....We use a decomposition technique based on matching individual
records between consecutive years. We apply this technique to a case
study of the health benefits group consisting of General Motors
salaried employees and their families. We find that employers face
limits to the control that they can exert over the size of the health
benefits group associated with their active workforce. Demographic
processes unrelated to employee turnover or transfers to layoff or
retirement accounted for a large portion of the population change in
the case study."
Correspondence: H. J. Kintner,
General Motors Research Laboratories, Consumer and Operations Research
Department, 30500 Mound Road, Warren, MI 48090-9055. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
63:10687 Kossoudji, Sherrie A.; Cobb-Clark,
Deborah A. Finding good opportunities within unauthorized
markets: U.S. occupational mobility for male Latino workers.
International Migration Review, Vol. 30, No. 4, Winter 1996. 901-24 pp.
Staten Island, New York. In Eng.
"Unauthorized workers,
because of their lack of legal status, have constrained opportunities
in U.S. labor markets. We examine the determinants of occupational
mobility for a sample of unauthorized Latino men who received temporary
residency status under the 1986 Immigration Reform and Control Act
(IRCA). Estimates from mobility equations (for both upward and downward
occupational mobility) show that English language ability, experience,
the risk of being apprehended on the job, a realized apprehension,
migrant networks, and the wage penalty for unauthorized workers all
play specific and significant roles in mobility when working in
unauthorized labor markets."
Correspondence: S. A.
Kossoudji, University of Michigan, School of Social Work, 4062C Frieze
Building, Ann Arbor, MI 48109. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
63:10688 Lakatos, Judit.
Rejoining the labor market once child-care leave is over.
[Visszatérés a munkaeropiacra a gyermekgondozási
ido letelte után.] Statisztikai Szemle, Vol. 74, No. 7, Jul
1996. 565-75 pp. Budapest, Hungary. In Hun. with sum. in Eng.
"The author of the study analyses, from the aspects of a
particular group, the situation of [women in the labor force] in
Hungary. In sample surveys carried out in the first quarter of 1993 and
1995, mothers on leave for child-care were interviewed about their
intentions...to renew their gainful activities. Of some 25 thousand
households 1,450 and 1,491 women on leave for child-care answered the
questions in 1993 and 1995, respectively....The results indicate...that
chances of women [rejoining] the labour market depend on the sector and
regional location of their previous workplace, on their craft
qualification etc."
Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
63:10689 Larson, Donald; Mundlak,
Yair. On the intersectoral migration of agricultural
labor. Economic Development and Cultural Change, Vol. 45, No. 2,
Jan 1997. 295-319 pp. Chicago, Illinois. In Eng.
The determinants
of the migration away from agriculture to other sectors of the economy
that have taken place as an integral part of the development process
are explored. The data are taken from censuses and concern 98 countries
around the world, covering the period from 1950 to 1990. The results
confirm that the magnitude of the differences in average income
determines the pace of off-farm migration.
Correspondence:
D. Larson, World Bank, 1818 H Street NW, Washington, D.C. 20433.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPIA).
63:10690 Liu, Xiao-Feng. A case
study of the labour market status of recent mainland Chinese
immigrants, metropolitan Toronto. International Migration, Vol.
34, No. 4, 1996. 583-607 pp. Geneva, Switzerland. In Eng. with sum. in
Fre; Spa.
"This article focuses on an analysis of the labour
market status of recent MCIs [mainland Chinese immigrants to Canada],
taking into account such factors as gender, educational attainment,
language proficiency and period of arrival (or length of residence in
Canada), and uses Metropolitan Toronto as a case study. The effect of
each factor on MCIs' labour market status will be analysed separately,
followed by two logit models examining the simultaneous effects of the
factors and their relative importance."
Correspondence:
X.-F. Liu, York University, Department of Geography, 4700 Keele
Street, North York, Ontario M3J 1P3, Canada. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
63:10691 Mier y Terán, Marta.
The implications of Mexico's fertility decline for women's
participation in the labour force. In: The fertility transition in
Latin America, edited by José M. Guzmán, Susheela Singh,
Germán Rodríguez, and Edith A. Pantelides. 1996. 323-42
pp. Clarendon Press: Oxford, England. In Eng.
The relation between
the fertility decline and female labor force participation in Mexico is
analyzed using data from the 1976 Mexican Fertility Survey, the 1982
National Demographic Survey, and the 1987 National Fertility and Health
Survey. "The study uses data from the survey tapes as well as
secondary information from those surveys and from other sources. The
organization of the material is as follows: [following an
introduction,] in the [second] section, the characteristics of Mexico's
fertility decline are presented. Changes in female labour-force
participation are discussed in the third section. In the fourth
part..., the possible effect of fertility decline on women's
participation in Mexico's labor force is analysed, and the last section
contains some final considerations."
Correspondence:
M. Mier y Terán, Avenida de la Paz 6, San Angel, Mexico
01000, D.F., Mexico. Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
63:10692 Pasay, N. Haidy A. A
model of induced migration impacts on labor productivity and
economy. Journal of Population, Vol. 2, No. 1, Jun 1996. 1-19 pp.
Depok, Indonesia. In Eng.
"This paper assumes symmetric labor
market information between potential migrants and modern sector's
employers. More productive investment is preferred in terms of
productive employment expansion and growth, even if employers
lack...labor market information, as do the potential migrants, or in
the presence of disguised unemployment in agriculture. If the modern
economy is engineered to narrowspread unemployment, the expansionary
impact on marginal productivity of the modern sector and the economy of
laborers becomes larger. In terms of the additional employment in the
modern sector and the moving of less migrants out of agriculture, it is
to the benefit of the potential migrants that the employers of the
modern sector gain better access to the labor market information than
the migrants themselves."
Correspondence: N. H. A.
Pasay, University of Indonesia, Faculty of Economics, Demographic
Institute, Gedung A, Lantai 2 and 3, Depok 16424, Indonesia.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
63:10693 Reijo-Riskilä, Marie.
Effects of family characteristics on the labor force status of
older married women in Finland. Yearbook of Population Research in
Finland, Vol. 33, 1996. 193-206 pp. Helsinki, Finland. In Eng.
"Using individual-level characteristics derived from the
census of 1985 or earlier, the article examines labor force status
(employment, unemployment, household work, retirement) of married
Finnish women aged 45-64 on the basis of multinomial logit
analysis....Both higher family net income (excluding the income of the
women concerned) and higher family liabilities were related to lower
likelihoods of unemployment and retirement instead of employment.
Household work was more likely with higher family income, but less
likely with higher liabilities. A larger number of children living at
home was related to the lower likelihood of women occupying
non-employment statuses instead of employment. The spouses' increasing
age difference was related to the lower likelihood of unemployment and
retirement instead of employment. The husband's labor force status was
consistent with the wife's labor force
status."
Correspondence: M. Reijo-Riskilä,
University of Helsinki, Department of Sociology, Population Research
Unit, Hameentie 68B, 00550 Helsinki, Finland. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
63:10694 Rosenfeld, Rachel A.
Women's work histories. In: Fertility in the United States:
new patterns, new theories, edited by John B. Casterline, Ronald D.
Lee, and Karen A. Foote. Population and Development Review, Vol. 22,
Suppl., 1996. 199-222 pp. New York, New York. In Eng.
"In this
article, I focus on changes in the patterns of U.S. women's employment
over the work life and the family life cycle, the compatibility of
their jobs (or at least the correlation of job characteristics) with
family responsibilities (especially care of young children), and the
meaning of employment for women. For each topic, I describe some
illustrative studies....U.S. women are increasingly likely to be
employed at any particular time, and working-age cohorts spend more of
their adult lives in the labor force than in earlier decades. Women
have made some gains, as well, in their earnings and
opportunities....At the same time, fertility has been at least stable
in the last two decades...."
Correspondence: R. A.
Rosenfeld, University of North Carolina, Department of Sociology, CB
3210, Hamilton Hall, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3210. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
63:10695 Sathar, Zeba; Desai,
Sonalde. Work patterns in rural Pakistan: intersections
between gender, family, and class. Population Council Research
Division Working Paper, No. 90, 1996. 53 pp. Population Council,
Research Division: New York, New York. In Eng.
"In this paper
we argue that work patterns of men and women in rural Pakistan are
deeply influenced by the nature of local labor markets....We
investigate: the gender bias in definitions of labor force
participation by men and women; the role of patriarchy in the way
households elect to deploy the labor of their male and female members,
and the additional influence of family composition on these decisions;
and differences in the way men and women experience social class and
economic opportunity structures."
This is a revised version of
a paper originally presented at the 1994 Annual Meeting of the
Population Association of America.
Correspondence:
Population Council, One Dag Hammarskjold Plaza, New York, NY
10017. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
63:10696 Soliman, Amal.
Participation and hours of work of married females in Egypt.
Egyptian Population and Family Planning Review, Vol. 25, No. 2, Dec
1991. 47-62 pp. Giza, Egypt. In Eng.
"The purpose of this
paper is to present estimates of labour supply functions: hours of work
and participation using data on 3,882 married females living in Cairo
drawn from the 1984 labour force sample survey (LFSS)....This study
also provides information [on] the importance of fertility decisions on
the participation decision."
Correspondence: A.
Soliman, American University in Cairo, P.O. Box 2511, 113 Sharia Kasr
El-Aini, Cairo, Egypt. Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
63:10697 Stankovic, Vladimir.
Socio-professional self-reproduction of the economically active
agricultural population of central Serbia and Vojvodina based on 1991
census data. [Socioprofesionalno samoobnavljanje aktivnog
poljoprivrednog stanovnistva centralne Srbije i vojvodine prema
podacima popisa stanovnistva 1991.] Stanovnistvo, Vol. 34, No. 1-2,
Jan-Jun 1996. 51-71 pp. Belgrade, Yugoslavia. In Scr. with sum. in Eng.
"The 1991 census data for Central Serbia and Vojvodina show
that, as in the beginning of the period under review, the population of
agricultural origin, in terms of socio-professional orientation, most
often tends to opt for `mining, industrial and related labour'....The
excessive transfer of agricultural population to non-agricultural
activities, above the real socio-economic requirements of the country,
has provoked large disproportions in the age-sex composition of
agricultural population in general, and agricultural labour force, in
particular. Intensive ageing and feminization of [the] agricultural
labour force, on the one hand, and the increase in `technological
redundancies' of non-agricultural labour force, on the other, came as a
result of the enormous outflow of [the] younger population from rural
areas."
Correspondence: V. Stankovic, Republicki Zavod
Za Statistiku Srbije, Belgrade, Yugoslavia. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
63:10698 Thapa, Shyam; Chhetry, Devendra;
Aryal, Ram H. Poverty, literacy and child labour in Nepal:
a district-level analysis. Asia-Pacific Population Journal, Vol.
11, No. 3, Sep 1996. 3-14 pp. Bangkok, Thailand. In Eng.
"This
article estimates the prevalence of child labour in the 75 districts of
Nepal and then analyses the relationship of poverty and literacy on the
prevalence of child labour, focusing particularly on gender
differences. Results show that districts with a higher incidence of
poverty are associated with a higher percentage of children working,
and districts with a lower percentage of literates are associated with
a significantly higher level of child labour. Female children are more
strongly affected by the poverty situation than males. The analysis
suggests that intervention programmes aimed at reducing child labour
need to focus on both reducing poverty and increasing
literacy."
Correspondence: S. Thapa, Family Health
International, One Triangle Drive, P.O. Box 13950, Research Triangle
Park, NC 27709. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
