Studies and documentary statements relating to governmental policy as it affects population.
Studies relating primarily to national and international population policies and development assistance for population activities. Studies of policies affecting the quality of populations that are not covered by L.4. Demographic Factors and Human Genetics are classified under this heading.
62:40695 al-Ramadhan, Muhammad A.
New population policy in Kuwait: the quest for a balance in the
population composition. Population Bulletin of ESCWA, No. 43,
1995. 29-53 pp. Amman, Jordan. In Eng.
"This study
investigates the development of population policy in Kuwait following
the Gulf crisis, reveals the changes induced by the post-Gulf-war
population policy, and provides an attempt to assess the policy's
success. The study concludes that despite the new population policy,
expatriates continue to make up the majority of the population. The
problem continues to be a challenge for policy makers. There appear to
be new levels of sincerity, explicitness and seriousness of purpose in
Kuwait's new population policy, but there have not been many real
changes in direction from earlier policies. Short of closing the door
to expatriates, effective policy options for increasing the Kuwaiti
share in the country's total population are
limited."
Correspondence: M. A. al-Ramadhan, Kuwait
Institute for Scientific Research, Techno-Economics Division, P.O. Box
24885, 13109 Safat, Kuwait. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
62:40696 Chesnais, Jean-Claude.
French population policy since 1945. [La politique de
population française depuis 1945.] Population et Avenir, No.
627-628, Mar-Jun 1996. 7-13 pp. Paris, France. In Fre.
French
population policy developments since 1945 are reviewed and compared to
events in other developed countries. The author notes that the original
objectives of French policy were to ensure a certain standard of living
to children in families, regardless of the size of the family. However,
over the course of time, the right not to have more children than
parents wanted became another policy objective. He also notes that the
level of support for families has declined in real terms over time and
that France has now been overtaken by other Western countries, such as
Sweden and the United Kingdom.
Correspondence: J.-C.
Chesnais, Institut National d'Etudes Démographiques, 27 rue du
Commandeur, 75675 Paris Cedex 14, France. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
62:40697 Cook, Rebecca J.; Fathalla, Mahmoud
F. Advancing reproductive rights beyond Cairo and
Beijing. International Family Planning Perspectives, Vol. 22, No.
3, Sep 1996. 115-21 pp. New York, New York. In Eng.
"The use
of human rights to advance reproductive health and self-determination
has gained momentum through recent United Nations (UN) conferences,
particularly the 1994 International Conference on Population and
Development, held in Cairo, and the 1995 Fourth World Conference on
Women, held in Beijing....In this article, we explain how national
constitutions and international human rights law can be applied to hold
governments accountable for neglecting or violating these rights, how
the Cairo Programme and the Beijing Platform can be used to add
specific detail to reproductive rights and how programs have been
developed to protect and promote reproductive rights beyond Cairo and
Beijing."
Correspondence: R. J. Cook, University of
Toronto, Centre for Bioethics, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A1, Canada.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
62:40698 Drakakis-Smith, David; Graham,
Elspeth. Shaping the nation state: ethnicity, class and
the new population policy in Singapore. International Journal of
Population Geography, Vol. 2, No. 1, Mar 1996. 69-89 pp. Chichester,
England. In Eng.
"This paper explores the relationships
between ethnicity, class and the New Population Policy (NPP) in
Singapore in the context of its nation state project....The paper uses
data from a sample of the Singaporean population to investigate the
impact of the NPP on both ethnic and income (class) groups in order to
assess the importance of the ethnic dimension in this aspect of
Singapore's development strategy. It concludes that, although
differences in fertility behaviour may be rooted in ethnic identity,
the control that the government wishes to exert over that behaviour as
part of its nation-building project has largely been effected through
class interests, and may be better interpreted as part of a broader
strategy of human resource management which is attracting the attention
of other Asian newly industrialising
countries."
Correspondence: D. Drakakis-Smith,
University of Liverpool, Department of Geography, Roxby Building,
Liverpool L69 3BX, England. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
62:40699 Findlay, Allan M.; Borgegård,
Lars-Eric. Geographical perspectives on population
policies. Applied Geography, Vol. 15, No. 3, Jul 1995. 197-296 pp.
Butterworth-Heinemann: Oxford, England. In Eng.
This special issue
contains seven papers on the geographical perspectives of population
policies throughout the world.
Selected items will be cited in this
or subsequent issues of Population Index.
Correspondence:
Butterworth-Heinemann, Linacre House, Jordan Hill, Oxford OX2 8DP,
England. Location: New York Public Library, New York, NY.
62:40700 Franz, Erhard.
Population policy in Turkey: family planning and migration between
1960 and 1992. Deutsches Orient-Institut Mitteilungen, No. 48,
ISBN 3-89173-034-9. LC 95-140882. 1994. 358 pp. Deutsches
Orient-Institut: Hamburg, Germany. In Eng.
This is a review of
developments in population policy and programs in Turkey over the
period 1960-1992. The sources of demographic data for the country are
first described, and population trends over this period are outlined.
Next, there is a chapter on the development of a national population
policy, including a family planning program. The author particularly
focuses on how political events, such as the involvement of the
military in government, lack of adequate funding, and failures of
coordination, have hampered the establishment of effective programs.
There are also chapters on policies concerning spatial distribution,
internal migration, and international migration.
Correspondence:
Deutsches Orient-Institut, Mittelweg 150, 20148 Hamburg, Germany.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
62:40701 Kirby, Eric G.; Kirby, Susan
L. On the diffusion of international social values:
institutionalization and demographic transition. Social Science
Quarterly, Vol. 77, No. 2, Jun 1996. 289-300 pp. Austin, Texas. In Eng.
"This study examined evidence that institutionalization of
international social policy is taking place within individual nations.
Specifically, we found that overall the views of the world's nations
toward perceived population growth within their countries are
increasingly reflecting the dominant world view that population growth
rates are too high. While economic development significantly impacts
population growth, there is evidence that the institutionalization of
world opinion is also related to population growth....If, as this study
suggests, world values are being institutionalized, it is likely that
worldwide crude growth rates will continue to decline, even in the face
of declining worldwide death rates."
Correspondence:
E. G. Kirby, University of Kentucky, School of Management, 355
Business and Economics Building, Lexington, KY 40506. Location:
Princeton University Library (PR).
62:40702 Locoh, Thérèse;
Makdessi, Yara. Population policies and fertility decline
in Sub-Saharan Africa. CEPED Series, No. 2, ISBN 2-87762-099-9.
Dec 1996. 43 pp. Centre Français sur la Population et le
Développement [CEPED]: Paris, France. In Eng.
The
relationship between population policies and the decline in fertility
in Sub-Saharan Africa is explored. The authors conclude that the
legitimization of population policies specifying population growth rate
targets for the region has followed rather than initiated changes in
fertility. "The decline in fertility that is presently being
experienced in certain countries and in all urban areas of sub-Saharan
Africa is the result of changes in behaviour, the most important being
the delay in female age at first marriage and the gradual adoption of
diverse birth control methods to space rather than to limit births.
There remains much to be done, however, before adopted population
policies really meet their objectives. In particular, family planning
programs are still not as effective as they might be, despite increased
demand for these services among certain portions of the
population." This publication is also available in
French.
Correspondence: Centre Français sur la
Population et le Développement, 15 rue de l'Ecole de
Médecine, 75270 Paris Cedex 06, France. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
62:40703 Novick, Susana.
Population policies in Argentina: 1870-1989. A government
viewpoint. [Políticas de población en la
Argentina:1870-1989. Una visión desde el Estado.] Estudios
Demográficos y Urbanos, Vol. 10, No. 2, May-Aug 1995. 431-55,
482-3 pp. Mexico City, Mexico. In Spa. with sum. in Eng.
"The
purposes of this paper are to analyze the Argentine legislation between
1870 and 1989 that has directly or indirectly affected the dynamics and
structure of population, as well as to reveal the ideology of
population policies supported by hegemonic social forces. This analysis
takes into consideration the different development strategies that have
been implemented. Our study explores the way in which the different
governments have approached the issue of population, and, more
specifically, it analyzes the relation between public policies,
population policies, development strategies, and political processes
represented in State laws."
Correspondence: S. Novick,
Universidad Nacional de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de
Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Instituto de
Investigaciones de la Facultad de Ciencias Sociales, Calle Viamonte
430-444, 1053 Buenos Aires, Argentina. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
62:40704 Rasevic, Mirjana; Petrovic,
Mina. Case studies in population policy: an overview.
[Iskustva populacione politike: u svetu.] ISBN 86-7093-073-0. 1996. 171
pp. Univerzitet u Beogradu, Institut Drustvenih Nauka, Centar za
Demografska Istrazivanja: Belgrade, Yugoslavia. In Scr. with sum. in
Eng.
This is a general review of population policies and their
effectiveness, particularly in developed countries. The primary focus
is on policies that are designed to increase or decrease fertility. The
authors consider both direct and indirect measures designed to raise
fertility in developed countries, and the reasons for their relative
ineffectiveness. They also examine policies designed to cope with the
effects of demographic aging and to control international migration.
The consensus achieved by governments at the 1994 International
Conference on Population and Development concerning population policy
issues is also described. The authors conclude by pointing out that
population policy issues cannot be dealt with in isolation from related
socioeconomic problems.
Correspondence: Univerzitet u
Beogradu, Institut Drustvenih Nauka, Centar za Demografska
Istrazivanja, Narodnog fronta 45, 11000 Belgrade, Yugoslavia.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
62:40705 Tomasevski, Katarina.
Human rights in population policies: a study for SIDA. ISBN
91-586-6047-X. 1994. 127 pp. Swedish International Development
Authority [SIDA]: Stockholm, Sweden. In Eng.
This is an analysis of
population policies around the world from the viewpoint of human
rights. The author identifies the areas in population policies where
human rights issues can be relevant. She also provides a checklist for
the assessment of population policies from a human rights perspective,
as well as some recommendations for both the providers and recipients
of population assistance.
Correspondence: Swedish
International Development Authority, 105 25 Stockholm, Sweden.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
62:40706 United Nations. Department for
Economic and Social Information and Policy Analysis. Population
Division (New York, New York). Review and appraisal of the
World Population Plan of Action: 1994 report. No.
ST/ESA/SER.A/152, Pub. Order No. E.95.XIII.27. ISBN 92-1-151299-9.
1995. ix, 149 pp. New York, New York. In Eng.
This is the latest in
a series of reviews of the progress that has been made toward achieving
the goals set in the World Population Plan of Action, adopted at the
World Population Conference in Bucharest in 1974. "The present
report presents the findings of the fourth review and appraisal,
focusing on 30 selected population issues. It provides an overall
assessment of the level of implementation of the World Population Plan
of Action and appropriate background information on population trends
and policies that helped facilitate the deliberations at the
International Conference on Population and Development, held in Cairo
in September 1994."
For a previous report in this series,
published in 1989, see 57:40694.
Correspondence: UN
Department for Economic and Social Information and Policy Analysis,
Population Division, United Nations, New York, NY 10017. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
Government policies aimed at directly influencing fertility and nuptiality, and policies with an indirect effect on fertility such as family allowances, pregnancy and maternity benefits, infant welfare measures, and government regulation of fertility controls, including abortion.
62:40707 Gould, W. T. S. Ideology
and data analysis in African population policies: the case of
Kenya. Applied Geography, Vol. 15, No. 3, Jul 1995. 203-18 pp.
Oxford, England. In Eng.
"Formal population policies are now
common in sub-Saharan Africa, particularly to directly facilitate
fertility decline. They tend to be underpinned more by ideology than by
systematic data collection and analysis. A case study of policies to
promote fertility decline in Kenya, where fertility has fallen
substantially in recent years, illustrates how population data,
particularly from the 1989 and 1993 Demographic and Health Surveys,
have been used by government and international agencies to validate
rather than to inform official policies."
Correspondence:
W. T. S. Gould, University of Liverpool, Department of Geography,
Liverpool L69 3BX, England. Location: New York Public Library,
New York, NY.
62:40708 Graham, Elspeth.
Singapore in the 1990s. Can population policies reverse the
demographic transition? Applied Geography, Vol. 15, No. 3, Jul
1995. 219-32 pp. Oxford, England. In Eng.
The extent to which
pronatalist policies can counteract the trend toward lower fertility,
and even increase fertility, is examined. "Singapore is...treated
as a case study to address the more general question of whether
population policies can reverse the demographic transition. Official
demographic statistics only reveal aggregate trends, however, and a
micro-level analysis, based on a sample questionnaire survey of
Singapore households undertaken in1992, is used to assess the impact of
government population planning. Evidence of policy success to date is
limited and future success is likely to hinge upon the effectiveness of
the government's educational campaign."
Correspondence:
E. Graham, University of St. Andrews, Department of Geography, St.
Andrews, Fife KY16 9ST, Scotland. Location: New York Public
Library, New York, NY.
62:40709 Le Bourdais, Céline;
Marcil-Gratton, Nicole; Bélanger, Danièle.
Family policy in Quebec: "think and act family". [La
politique familiale au Québec: "penser et agir
famille".] Collection de Tirés à Part, No. 356,
[1996?]. 117-30 pp. Université de Montréal,
Département de Démographie: Montreal, Canada. In Fre.
The authors describe recent trends in family policy in the Canadian
province of Quebec. They note that the policies developed have had the
double objective of influencing the province's demographic trends and
of supporting families in the context of social policy. Comparisons are
drawn between the family policies of Canada as a whole, which considers
families in the context of individual decisions and restricts its
efforts to trying to help families in need, and Quebec, which attempts
to support families in general as the basic unit of the reproduction of
society. This article is reprinted from the book Les Politiques
Gouvernementales Face aux Familles Canadiennes en Transition, published
by the Institut Vanier de la Famille in 1994.
Correspondence:
Université de Montréal, Département de
Démographie, C.P. 6128, Succursale Centre-ville, Montreal,
Quebec H3C 3J7, Canada. Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
62:40710 Mason, Karen O.
Population programs and human rights. In: The impact of
population growth on well-being in developing countries, edited by
Dennis A. Ahlburg, Allen C. Kelley, and Karen O. Mason. 1996. 337-60
pp. Springer-Verlag: New York, New York/Berlin, Germany. In Eng.
"The issue with which this paper deals is how government
population programs--in particular, programs designed to influence the
rate of population growth by altering the birth rate--affect human
rights....In the first section, I review definitions of human rights
and discuss some of the inherent difficulties of judging whether
particular government actions violate those rights. In a second
section, I outline the controversies about population programs and
human rights that have arisen during the past two decades, identifying,
to the extent possible, the different `sides' in these controversies
and discussing the moral and scientific considerations relevant to
these controversies. In the paper's final sections, I discuss two
specific elements of government population programs that have been
attacked on ethical grounds, namely, the use of incentives, and the use
of demographic targets and pressures." The geographical focus is
on developing countries.
Correspondence: K. O. Mason,
East-West Center, Program on Population, 1777 East-West Road, Honolulu,
HI 96848. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
62:40711 Packer, Corinne A. A.
The right to reproductive choice: a study in international
law. ISBN 951-650-546-5. 1996. x, 213 pp. Åbo Akademi
University, Institute for Human Rights: Turku, Finland. In Eng.
"From the perspective of international law, the author begins
with the thorny issue of the definition of the right to reproductive
choice and examines the complex web of rights which give it content.
Thereupon, the strengths and weaknesses of the human rights instruments
and mechanisms which secure the right to reproductive choice are
considered. Also reviewed are the texts adopted at recent international
conferences....The author explores the contemporary cultural, religious
and demographic issues which present challenges to the application of
the right to reproductive choice, such as national population policies,
abortion and medically assisted reproduction. Listings of states [which
are] parties to the relevant universal and regional human rights
instruments, as well as excerpts from these and other texts together
with selected state reservations...[are also included]." The
geographical focus is worldwide.
Correspondence: Åbo
Akademi University, Institute for Human Rights, Gezeliusgatan 2, 20500
Turku, Finland. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
62:40712 Zodgekar, Arvind V.
Family welfare programme and population stabilization strategies in
India. Asia-Pacific Population Journal, Vol. 11, No. 1, Mar 1996.
3-24 pp. Bangkok, Thailand. In Eng.
"After tracing the
development of the world's oldest family planning programme [in India],
the article describes some of the achievements and weaknesses of the
related policies and programmes that were in force until the drafting
of a new policy during this decade. It concludes with a number of
recommendations that if implemented would make the programme
sustainable over the long term."
Correspondence: A. V.
Zodgekar, Victoria University of Wellington, Department of Sociology
and Social Policy, 22 Inga Road, Milford, Auckland 9, New Zealand.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
Government policies relating to emigration, immigration, and population resettlement. See also the appropriate categories under H. Migration that include general studies also covering policy issues.
62:40713 Altamirano, Aina T.
Return migration on the policy agenda in Sweden. Applied
Geography, Vol. 15, No. 3, Jul 1995. 267-78 pp. Oxford, England. In
Eng.
"Explicit policies on return migration are of rather
recent date in most European countries, including Sweden. During the
last few years a number of new policy initiatives have been taken in
this field. The purpose of this paper is to examine how official
Swedish policies on return migration have changed during the last 20
years. The conclusion is that Sweden has moved from a `non-policy' in
the 1970s, much in opposition to `guestworker' or rotation systems,
towards an active and explicit policy promoting return in the
mid-1990s. The major trends in the country's immigration, emigration
and return flows are also presented."
Correspondence:
A. T. Altamirano, Umeå University, Department of Geography,
901 87 Umeå, Sweden. Location: New York Public Library,
New York, NY.
62:40714 Birrell, Bob; Evans,
Samantha. Recently-arrived migrants and social
welfare. People and Place, Vol. 4, No. 2, 1996. 1-11 pp. Clayton,
Australia. In Eng.
"This article explores the impact of the
Coalition Government's proposals to limit recently-arrived migrants'
access to social welfare benefits [in Australia]. It concludes that
while the short-term consequences for these migrants will be severe,
the proposals do not address the more significant long-term welfare
costs of family migration."
Correspondence: B.
Birrell, Monash University, Centre for Population and Urban Research,
Wellington Road, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
62:40715 Bonetti, Paolo. Brief
notes on the evolution of the legal position of immigrants from outside
the European Community in Italy in 1995-1996. [Brevi note
sull'evoluzione della condizione giuridica dei cittadini
extracomunitari in Italia nel 1995/96.] Studi Emigrazione/Etudes
Migrations, Vol. 33, No. 122, Jun 1996. 178-98 pp. Rome, Italy. In Ita.
with sum. in Eng; Fre.
"In 1995/96 Italian immigration decrees
on the legal status of non-EC citizens have maintained a confused and,
in some cases, an unconstitutional character. Government decree
n.489/November 1995, issued on the grounds of an alleged emergency, did
not succeed in regulating incoming flows for seasonal work and
enforcing restrictive measures on illegal immigration. Hopefully, it
will manage to clear the position of 250,000 illegal entries. This
latter provision is likely to prove a further incentive for illegal
immigrants, the...opposite of what the government had in
mind."
Correspondence: P. Bonetti, Università
degli Studi di Milano, Facoltà di Giurisprudenza, Via Festa del
Perdono 7, 20122 Milan, Italy. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
62:40716 Bredeloup, Sylvie. The
Senegalese community in the Ivory Coast and national immigration policy
redefined. [Les Sénégalais de Côte-d'Ivoire
face aux redéfinitions de l'ivoirité.] Studi
Emigrazione/Etudes Migrations, Vol. 33, No. 121, Mar 1996. 2-24 pp.
Rome, Italy. In Fre. with sum. in Eng.
"International economic
crisis has increased constraints from which Senegalese migrants were
already suffering both in their country of origin and in the receiving
countries....Since 1991, the introduction of compulsory residence
permits for foreign workers...[bears] witness to the degrading
conditions for those entering the Ivory Coast and also reveals that
agreements of free movement were in fact not
working."
Correspondence: S. Bredeloup, Institut
Français de Recherche Scientifique pour le Développement
en Coopération, B.P. 1386, Dakar, Senegal. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
62:40717 Briggs, Vernon M.
Immigration policy and the U.S. economy: an institutional
perspective. Journal of Economic Issues, Vol. 30, No. 2, Jun 1996.
371-89 pp. Lincoln, Nebraska. In Eng.
The author examines some
aspects of the current situation concerning immigration to the United
States. He predicts that the 1990s will witness the largest flow of
immigrants into the population and labor force of any decade in the
country's history; furthermore, since there is no universally accepted
right to immigrate, the adoption of migration policy is one area of
economic policy-making that is not controlled by market forces. He also
notes that while the country's need is for a highly skilled, motivated,
and educated labor force, the majority of current immigrants have low
skill levels and relatively little education. The need to develop and
implement a migration policy that is in tune with the country's
economic objectives is stressed. He concludes that "the
resurrection of mass immigration from out of the nation's distant past
was a political accident; its perpetuation in the 1990s is contrary to
national interest. Immigration reform, therefore, needs to be [in] the
forefront of the nation's economic policy
agenda."
Correspondence: V. M. Briggs, Cornell
University, Department of Labor Economics, 266 Ives Hall, Ithaca, NY
14851-0952. Location: Princeton University Library (PF).
62:40718 Calavita, Kitty. U.S.
immigration and policy responses: the limits of legislation. In:
Controlling immigration: a global perspective, edited by Wayne A.
Cornelius, Philip L. Martin, and James F. Hollifield. 1994. 55-82 pp.
Stanford University Press: Stanford, California. In Eng.
"This
chapter briefly traces the history of U.S. immigration and the policies
that have both responded to the influx and stimulated and shaped
it....The more general purpose of this chapter is to lay the groundwork
for exploring the possibility that a number of patterns can be
discerned, and that the nature of these patterns may suggest an ongoing
set of dynamics that constrain the immigration policy process.
Following a necessarily sketchy outline of the major immigration
reforms of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, including a more
in-depth discussion of the Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986,
the chapter concludes by proposing that three `paired oppositions,' or
contradictions, pervade the U.S. experience with immigration and the
efforts to regulate it."
Correspondence: K. Calavita,
University of California, Department of Criminology/Law and Society,
Irvine, CA 92717. Location: Princeton University Library
(FST).
62:40719 Cornelius, Wayne A.
Controlling Latin American migration to industrialized countries:
the U.S. and Japanese experiences. Latin American Studies/Raten
Amerika Kenkyu, No. 14, 1994. 1-38 pp. Ibaraki, Japan. In Eng.
The
author compares the experience of Japan and the United States in
developing policies to control Latin American migration to each
country. Aspects considered include conditions under which such
migration occurs, structural economic dependence on Latin American
labor, temporary vs. permanent migration, and the politics of
immigration.
Correspondence: W. A. Cornelius, University of
California, Department of Political Science, 13333 Landfair Road, San
Diego, CA 92130. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
62:40720 Farmer, Ruth S. J.
Economic deregulation and changes in New Zealand's immigration
policy: 1986 to 1991. People and Place, Vol. 4, No. 3, 1996. 55-63
pp. Clayton, Australia. In Eng.
"New Zealand's immigration
intake is small by the standards of the main immigrant receiving
nations and many of her immigrants are subsequently lost through the
process of re-emigration. Nevertheless, changes in New Zealand
immigration policy over the last 10 years have been profound. This
article is the first of a two-part history of these
changes."
Correspondence: R. S. J. Farmer, University
of Waikato, Department of Geography, Private Bag, Hamilton, New
Zealand. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
62:40721 García y Griego,
Manuel. Canada: flexibility and control in immigration and
refugee policy. In: Controlling immigration: a global perspective,
edited by Wayne A. Cornelius, Philip L. Martin, and James F.
Hollifield. 1994. 119-40 pp. Stanford University Press: Stanford,
California. In Eng.
Canadian policy concerning immigration in
general and refugees in particular in the period since World War II is
described. The author argues that Canada's relative success in
developing appropriate policies resulting in acceptable levels of
immigration is related to three main factors: first, that Canada has
been somewhat isolated from the more difficult challenges faced by the
United States and many European countries; second, that Canada has
demonstrated the ability to make quick and effective adjustments to its
migration policies when needed; and third, a general realization that
Canada cannot absorb large numbers of unwanted immigrants without
threatening its stability.
Correspondence: M. García
y Griego, University of California, Department of Social Sciences,
Irvine, CA 92717. Location: Princeton University Library
(FST).
62:40722 Jacobsen, Karen. Factors
influencing the policy responses of host governments to mass refugee
influxes. International Migration Review, Vol. 30, No. 3, Fall
1996. 655-78 pp. Staten Island, New York. In Eng.
"The policy
responses of asylum governments to mass influxes of refugees have
varied considerably. Focusing on less developed countries, this article
explores why some host governments respond in relatively generous ways,
while other governments act more restrictively. The policy alternatives
available to receiving governments are classified, and a set of factors
influencing refugee policy formation is explored. These factors
include: the costs and benefits of accepting international assistance,
relations with the sending country, political calculations about the
local community's absorption capacity, and national security
considerations."
Correspondence: K. Jacobsen, Regis
College, 235 Wellesley Street, Weston, MA 02193. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
62:40723 Jones, Huw. The
continuing ethnic-origins dimension of Australian immigration
policy. Applied Geography, Vol. 15, No. 3, Jul 1995. 233-44 pp.
Oxford, England. In Eng.
"Although Australia dismantled its
ethnically discriminatory, immigrant-selection policy in the early
1970s, ethnicity remains--implicitly and unofficially--a significant
consideration in its immigration policies and practices. The paper
outlines the traditional `White Australia' policy before describing the
operation and impact of the new selection policies and the associated
official commitment to multiculturalism. The causes, regional pattern
and acceptability of the modern Asianization of immigration are then
assessed. The final section indicates how ethnic-origin preferences
continue to operate in an apparently non-discriminatory selection
policy, largely through the management of demand by placements of
Australian migration officers in particular locations
overseas."
Correspondence: H. Jones, University of
Dundee, Department of Geography, Dundee DD1 4HN, Scotland.
Location: New York Public Library, New York, NY.
62:40724 Jowett, A. J.; Findlay, A. M.; Li, F.
L. N.; Skeldon, R. The British who are not British and the
immigration policies that are not: the case of Hong Kong. Applied
Geography, Vol. 15, No. 3, Jul 1995. 245-65 pp. Oxford, England. In
Eng.
"While `closed-door' immigration policies are adopted by
most countries, `exceptionalist' legislation is often made to permit
entry of special immigrant groups. An example is the British
Nationality (Hong Kong) Act 1990, which was passed in the run-up to the
change in sovereignty of Hong Kong in 1997. Britain's increasingly
restrictive immigration policies prior to 1990 [have] resulted in the
majority of Hong Kong citizens having British nationality (as British
Dependent Territories citizens) but without the right of abode in the
U.K. The 1990 Act conferred full British citizenship status on 50,000
heads of households in Hong Kong." The authors conclude that
"in a world of marked global inequalities, immigration pressure
will become even more extreme and is likely to produce an increasing
number of cases of exceptionalist immigration legislation in countries
with both `open' and `closed'-door
policies."
Correspondence: A. J. Jowett, University of
Glasgow, Department of Geography and Topographic Science, Glasgow G12
8QQ, Scotland. Location: New York Public Library, New York,
NY.
62:40725 Martin, Philip L. The
United States: benign neglect toward immigration. In: Controlling
immigration: a global perspective, edited by Wayne A. Cornelius, Philip
L. Martin, and James F. Hollifield. 1994. 83-99 pp. Stanford University
Press: Stanford, California. In Eng.
The author reviews the factors
affecting current U.S. immigration policy, and particularly those
factors that have led to the current policy of benign neglect of
immigration in contrast to most other developed countries, which have
taken active steps toward making immigration more difficult. He reviews
the push-pull factors affecting migration to the industrialized
countries, recent U.S. experience of immigration, and the situation in
California, the state frequently considered as an indicator of the
country's future as a whole. The policy options available in the U.S.
context are then considered.
Correspondence: P. L. Martin,
University of California, Department of Agricultural Economics, Davis,
CA 95616. Location: Princeton University Library (FST).
62:40726 Messina, Anthony M.
Immigration as a political dilemma in Britain: implications for
Western Europe. Policy Studies Journal, Vol. 23, No. 4, Winter
1995. 686-98 pp. Urbana, Illinois. In Eng.
"Informed by
evidence drawn from the British case, this article assesses three
competing explanations for how and why political elites in Western
Europe lost control of postwar immigration and immigrant policy: the
liberal thesis, the political-historical perspective, and the political
institutional breakdown explanation. The British case casts doubt on
the assumption that West European elites did lose control of policy,
although, to the extent that perfect control was not exercised, the
political-historical argument best explains this
phenomenon."
Correspondence: A. M. Messina, Tufts
University, Department of Political Science, Medford, MA 02155.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPIA).
