Primarily references to descriptive studies. Official tabular material will be found under S. Official Statistical Publications . Items that are primarily analytical, but that also contain information on characteristics, will be found under K. Demographic and Economic Interrelations and Natural Resources or L. Demographic and Noneconomic Interrelations , as appropriate.
Descriptive studies of populations according to various demographic characteristics, including age, sex, sex ratios, and marital status. Studies on demographic aging are also included.
62:40545 Adlakha, Arjun L.; Kinsella, Kevin
G.; Khawaja, Marwan. Demography of the Palestinian
population with special emphasis on the occupied territories.
Population Bulletin of ESCWA, No. 43, 1995. 5-28 pp. Amman, Jordan. In
Eng.
"The purpose of this paper is threefold: (i) to provide
time series of the Palestinian Arab population size from 1950 to 1995
in 16 countries in the Middle East and North Africa; (ii) to present
detailed current and historical information on the size, composition
and components of population change (fertility, mortality and
migration) for the Palestinian population living in the occupied
territories; and (iii) to assess future growth prospects of the Arab
population living in the occupied
territories."
Correspondence: A. L. Adlakha, U.S.
Bureau of the Census, Washington, D.C. 20233. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
62:40546 Allard, Michel; Vallin, Jacques;
Andrieux, Jean-Michel; Robine, Jean-Marie. In search of
the secret of centenarians: a demographic and medical survey about
centenarians in France. In: Health and mortality among elderly
populations, edited by Graziella Caselli and Alan D. Lopez. 1996. 61-86
pp. Clarendon Press: Oxford, England; International Union for the
Scientific Study of Population [IUSSP]: Liège, Belgium. In Eng.
Some preliminary results from an ongoing survey of centenarians in
France are presented. The objectives and methodology of the survey are
first described. The characteristics of this population are then
analyzed and life tables for centenarians are
presented.
Correspondence: M. Allard, IPSEN, 24 rue
Erlanger, 75016 Paris, France. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
62:40547 Bass, Scott A. Japan's
aging society. Journal of Aging and Social Policy, Vol. 8, No.
2-3, 1996. 1-12 pp. Binghamton, New York. In Eng.
This article
introduces a special issue on demographic aging in Japan and its
consequences. The author briefly summarizes current demographic trends
in Japan, noting that Japan will be transformed from its state in the
early 1950s, when there were seven children for each elderly person, to
a society 20 years from now in which there will be more people over age
65 than children. He also describes the social and economic policies
that are being developed to help the country cope with this
transformation.
Correspondence: Haworth Press, 10 Alice
Street, Binghamton, NY 13904-1580. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
62:40548 Caldare, G. Changes in
the demographic situation of the Republic of Moldova during the 1970s
and 1980s. [Schimbarile în situatia demografica a Republicii
Moldova în anii '70-'80.] Sociologie Româneasca, Vol. 4,
No. 3, 1993. 341-50 pp. Bucharest, Romania. In Rum.
This is a
general analysis of the demographic situation in the Republic of
Moldova and of changes that occurred in the 1970s and 1980s. It
presents trends in population size, age structure, spatial
distribution, and urban/rural structure. Also, the contributions of
natural increase and migration are considered. Special attention is
given to the effects of "socialist industrialization" on
changes in the ethnic composition of the country's population; these
changes involved large-scale migration flows from Russia and Ukraine to
Moldova.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
62:40549 Faus-Pujol, Maria C.
Changes in the fertility rate and age structure of the population
of Europe. In: Europe's population: towards the next century,
edited by Ray Hall and Paul White. 1995. 17-33 pp. UCL Press: London,
England. In Eng.
"This chapter concentrates on giving an
overall view of the current demographic situation in Europe with
particular reference to the fertility rate and the age structure of the
population. It examines in detail four particular aspects of Europe's
population: (a) the idea of European space and population; (b) the
growth of the population; (c) the evolution of fertility; and (d) the
consequences of all the above on the population structure in the next
century."
Correspondence: M. C. Faus-Pujol,
Universidad de Zaragoza, Facultad de Filosofía y Letras,
Departamento de Geografía y Ordenación del Territorio,
50009 Zaragoza, Spain. Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
62:40550 Ham Chande, Roberto. The
epidemiology of aging: a further stage in the demographic
transition. [Epidemiología del envejecimiento: una fase
más de la transición demográfica.] Estudios
Demográficos y Urbanos, Vol. 10, No. 3, Sep-Dec 1995. 687-705,
741 pp. Mexico City, Mexico. In Spa. with sum. in Eng.
"Social
and economic indicators depict Mexico as a country of intermediate
development. It is also in intermediate stages of demographic and
epidemiologic transitions. When these traits are translated into
socio-demographic perspectives, all projections indicate that for the
next fifty years we can expect: (i) percentage decreases in child and
teen-age populations, (ii) large percentage and absolute increases in
adult population, and (iii) important increases in the elderly
population....Among elders death due to infectious diseases is less
common than within other sectors of [the] population. Mortality
associated with chronic ailments has increased, with recent and
remarkable changes during the last twenty years. This transformation is
not evenly distributed. It is more accelerated in developed and urban
areas as contrasted with the rural and less
developed."
Correspondence: R. Ham Chande, El Colegio
de la Frontera Norte, Tijuana, Mexico. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
62:40551 Israel. Central Bureau of Statistics
(Jerusalem, Israel). Demographic characteristics of the
Arab population in Judea and Samaria and the Gaza area, 1968-1993.
Central Bureau of Statistics Special Series, No. 1025, Jul 1996. 111,
90 pp. Jerusalem, Israel. In Eng; Heb.
This report examines
population trends in Judea, Samaria, and the Gaza Strip for the period
1968-1993. Data are from the 1967 census and from the population
register maintained by the Israeli authorities. There are separate
chapters on estimates of population size, fertility, infant mortality,
general mortality, and migration. The focus is on the size and
characteristics of the Arab population.
Correspondence:
Central Bureau of Statistics, P.O. Box 13015, Hakirya, Romema,
Jerusalem 91130, Israel. Location: Princeton University
Library (PR).
62:40552 Jefferys, Margot.
Cultural aspects of ageing: gender and inter-generational
issues. Social Science and Medicine, Vol. 43, No. 5, Sep 1996.
681-7 pp. Tarrytown, New York/Oxford, England. In Eng.
"A
broad review is made of the economic, social and political developments
that accompanied the 20th century demographic transition in the
developed industrialized societies of Europe and North America and
their implications for older people, emphasizing changes in work
patterns, the position of women, family and household structures. The
denigration of older people is not new, but there is greater
consciousness of the disadvantaging aspects of ageist expressions. The
different stages of economic development and family systems and norms
in developing societies now undergoing the demographic transition in
Asia and elsewhere are likely to make the lives of older people there
very different from those experienced during the transition period in
Europe."
Correspondence: M. Jefferys, King's College
London, Centre of Medical Law and Ethics, The Strand, London WC2R 2LS,
England. Location: Princeton University Library (PR).
62:40553 Kim, Ik Ki. Demographic
transition and population aging in Korea. Korea Journal of
Population and Development, Vol. 25, No. 1, Jul 1996. 27-40 pp. Seoul,
Korea, Republic of. In Eng.
"This paper describes the process
of population aging in conjunction with the demographic transition in
[South Korea]. Korea has recently experienced rapid decreases of both
mortality and fertility, which have brought about the rapid process of
population aging. The speed of...population aging in Korea is projected
as one of the fastest in the world. Population aging brings about
changing patterns of family composition, especially new trends of
living arrangements of the elderly. Since the process of population
aging [began] in Korea, the proportion of [those] living alone and [of
those] living with spouse only have significantly
increased."
Correspondence: I. K. Kim, Dongguk
University, Department of Sociology, 26 3-ga, Pil-dong, Chung-gu,
Seoul, Republic of Korea. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
62:40554 Loriaux, Michel. The
consequences of the demographic revolution and of the aging of society:
restructuring the age groups and modifying intergenerational
relations. [Les conséquences de la révolution
démographique et du vieillissement sociétal:
restructuration des âges et modification des rapports entre
générations.] Sociologie et Sociétés, Vol.
27, No. 2, Autumn 1995. 9-26 pp. Montreal, Canada. In Fre. with sum. in
Eng; Spa.
The consequences of demographic aging in developed
societies are examined. The author notes that "demographic aging
has intensified over the last decades, bringing with it a significant
modification in relationships between age groups and the sexes....These
changes in demographic structures bring with them the reorganization in
intergenerational relations, the most spectacular instance of
which...[is] the coexistence at the same time and in the same place of
four or five generations of direct descendants." The author
develops the hypothesis that a new attitude toward old age is needed in
which "the social status of the elderly must be reinstated, and
everything must be brought into play to encourage the integration of
different age groups and intergenerational solidarity, so as to arrive
in the best possible conditions at what [can be termed] the `era of old
age'...which will accompany the coming of the post-industrial society
with its orientation toward the mass production of leisure and of
services."
Correspondence: M. Loriaux,
Université Catholique de Louvain, Institut de
Démographie, 1 place Montesquieu, B.P. 17, 1348
Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
62:40555 Otani, Kenji. Births,
survival improvements, and aging. Economic and Political Studies,
No. 92, Mar 1995. 109-49 pp. Osaka, Japan. In Jpn.
This article
describes several methods of analyzing the process of demographic
aging. The author considers the stable population method, the
comparative population projection method, and methods based on
age-specific growth rates. The third approach tries to decompose
changes in the age distribution into fertility and mortality effects on
the basis of age-specific growth rates. Equations for four choices
using this last approach are identified with respect to changes in the
age distribution and average ages and applied to data for
Japan.
Correspondence: K. Otani, Kansai University, Faculty
of Economics, 3-3-35 Yamate-cho, Suita, Osaka 564, Japan. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
62:40556 Pitrou, Agnès.
From the transformation of age groups to the evolution of social
relationships. [De la transformation des classes d'âges
à l'évolution des rapports sociaux.] Sociologie et
Sociétés, Vol. 27, No. 2, Autumn 1995. 27-42 pp.
Montreal, Canada. In Fre. with sum. in Eng; Spa.
"In Western
societies, change in family behaviour patterns, increased life
expectancy, transformations in the socioeconomic environment and in
culture have effected important modifications in the `age pyramid', the
significance of which has fed the debate between experts who have
recorded them and who have anticipated their foreseeable consequences.
These consequences are examined here in the light of some of their
effects on social ties, inside the family and on the community level:
the recomposition of the deviations between generations, the appearance
of a pre-adult stage, the growth of concomitant responsibilities in
relation to ascendants and descendants within family networks,
potential concurrent intergenerational conflicts, and the aging of the
social fabric [at] the community level. These phenomena in full
evolution are a particular incentive to reinforcing the dialogue
between demography and sociology."
Correspondence: A.
Pitrou, CNRS-LEST, 35 Avenue Jules Ferry, 13626 Aix-en-Provence Cedex,
France. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
62:40557 Radulescu, Sorin M. The
elderly and the transition to a market economy in Romania.
Discriminating attitudes vis-à-vis the elderly. [Populatia
vârstinica si tranzitia la economia de piata în
România. Atitudini de discriminare a populatiei vârstnice.]
Sociologie Româneasca, Vol. 4, No. 3, 1993. 313-26 pp. Bucharest,
Romania. In Rum.
Population aging started late in Romania but has
increased rapidly in the last few decades. The share of the population
aged 60 and over reached 17% in 1992 and the decline in fertility after
1989 will considerably increase this share in the future. The author
provides a detailed analysis of the present economic and social
situation of the elderly in Romania. Factors such as the economic
crisis, and particularly the deterioration of the standard of living,
the very low income (pension) level, the high rate of inflation, and
the lack of appropriate medical care have pushed most of the aged
population into poverty. According to recent surveys, 1.5 million
people out of the 3.8 million aged 60 and over live below the poverty
line.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
62:40558 Seth, Swapan. Two-way
movement of sex ratio. Economic and Political Weekly, Vol. 31, No.
40, Oct 5, 1996. 2,730-3 pp. Mumbai, India. In Eng.
"The
female-male ratio in the total population has long been low in India
since the beginning of this century and it is declining steadily. It
could suggest, apparently,...the idea that the low sex ratio may be
prevalent in all the age groups also. But it is revealed that among the
marriageable adults sex ratio has been high. A comparison among
population data of India, France and Switzerland visualises a
demographic paradox."
Location: Princeton University
Library (PF).
62:40559 Vassin, Sergei A. The
determinants and implications of an aging population in Russia.
In: Russia's demographic "crisis", edited by Julie DaVanzo
and Gwendolyn Farnsworth. 1996. 175-201 pp. RAND: Santa Monica,
California. In Eng.
"This paper examines rates of growth and
changes in the age structure of the Russian population. Shifts in
population and subpopulation growth rates, as well as waves in the
population age structure, can be traced to the reverberating effects of
several demographic crises in Russia in this century. Fertility has had
the most prominent influence on Russia's population structure. It is
due to low fertility that more than 10 percent of the Russian
population is elderly (ages 65 and over) and the share of [the] elderly
will grow another 4 percentage points by the year 2015. Russia's
present and anticipated fertility rates and subpopulation dependency
ratios carry important policy implications for the nation's economy and
social institutions." Comments by discussants are included (p.
201).
Correspondence: S. A. Vassin, Russian Academy of
Sciences, Institute for Economic Forecasting, Center for Demography and
Human Ecology, Leninsky Pr. 14, 117901 Moscow, Russia. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
Descriptive studies of menarche and menopause, longevity, and increasing the life span, as well as other biological characteristics such as sex selection. Studies that are concerned with menarche and menopause as they specifically affect fertility are coded under F.5. Factors Other Than Contraception Affecting Fertility .
62:40560 Bernstein, Marianne E.; James,
William H. More on sex-ratio hypotheses. Current
Anthropology, Vol. 36, No. 5, Dec 1995. 830-2 pp. Chicago, Illinois. In
Eng.
These two short articles continue an ongoing debate, begun by
Valerie J. Grant and John F. Martin in previous issues of the journal
Current Anthropology, on the factors, such as coital frequency, that
influence the sex ratio of newborn humans.
For a related article by
Grant and a response from Martin, see elsewhere in this issue.
Correspondence: M. E. Bernstein, 5552 Stonehaven Lane,
Sarasota, FL 34233. Location: Princeton University Library
(FST).
62:40561 Gonzales, Gustavo F.; Villena,
Arturo; Ubilluz, Milward. Age at menarche in Peruvian
girls at sea level and at high altitude: effect of ethnic background
and socioeconomic status. American Journal of Human Biology, Vol.
8, No. 4, 1996. 457-63 pp. New York, New York. In Eng.
"The
objective of the present study was to determine median age at menarche
using the status quo method and the independent effects of ethnic
background and socioeconomic status on the age at menarche in Peruvian
girls from two distinct levels of altitude: Lima (150 m) and Cerro de
Pasco (4,340 m). The sample included 503 girls from Lima and 625 girls
from Cerro de Pasco, ages 10-18 years....After logistic regression
analysis, an effect on age at menarche of chronological age and place
of residence was observed, but not by ethnic background, socioeconomic
status, [or interactions between these factors]....Thus later age at
menarche observed in girls at high altitude is not due to differences
in ethnicity or socioeconomic status."
Correspondence:
G. F. Gonzales, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Instituto de
Investigaciones de la Altura, P.O. Box 1843, Lima, Peru. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
62:40562 Grant, Valerie J. On sex
ratio and coital rate: a hypothesis without foundation. Current
Anthropology, Vol. 36, No. 2, Apr 1995. 295-8 pp. Chicago, Illinois. In
Eng.
The author reviews the hypothesis that high sex ratios could
be associated with high coital rates, challenging in particular a
recent paper by John F. Martin. She proposes an alternative hypothesis
based on biological dominance. A response by Martin (pp. 296-8) is
included.
For the study by Martin, published in 1994, see 61: 10569.
Correspondence: V. J. Grant, University of Auckland,
School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Science,
Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand. Location: Princeton
University Library (FST).
62:40563 Manton, Kenneth G.; Stallard,
Eric. Strategies to maximize health and functioning and
increase life expectancy. In: Resources and population: natural,
institutional, and demographic dimensions of development, edited by
Bernardo Colombo, Paul Demeny, and Max F. Perutz. 1996. 200-23 pp.
Clarendon Press: Oxford, England. In Eng.
This chapter explores
ways to maintain good health and active function in the elderly
population in a time of increasing life expectancy and demographic
aging. The authors present "a model which represents the effects
of nutrition, exercise, and other nontechnical interventions, societal
conditions, and the interface of individual physiology and social
conditions on functioning and survival. This model can be used to
forecast changes in active life expectancy in developing and developed
countries."
Correspondence: K. G. Manton, Duke
University, Center for Demographic Studies, 2117 Campus Drive, Durham,
NC 27706. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
62:40564 Olshansky, S. Jay; Carnes, Bruce
A. Prospect for extended survival: a critical review of
the biological evidence. In: Health and mortality among elderly
populations, edited by Graziella Caselli and Alan D. Lopez. 1996. 39-58
pp. Clarendon Press: Oxford, England; International Union for the
Scientific Study of Population [IUSSP]: Liège, Belgium. In Eng.
The authors present a critical review of the logic behind competing
estimates of human longevity in an attempt to establish why there are
such large differences in estimates of future human life expectancy.
They suggest that the study of longevity is an excellent subject for an
interdisciplinary approach involving both biologists and demographers.
They conclude that low-mortality countries are approaching the upper
limits for life expectancy, and that a law of diminishing returns is
likely to prevent further significant gains in
longevity.
Correspondence: S. J. Olshansky, University of
Chicago, Center on Aging, Health, and Society, 1155 East 60th Street,
Chicago, IL 60637. Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
62:40565 Reubinoff, Benjamin E.; Schenker,
Joseph G. New advances in sex preselection. Fertility
and Sterility, Vol. 66, No. 3, Sep 1996. 343-50 pp. Birmingham,
Alabama. In Eng.
This is a review of the literature on
preconceptual sex selection. The results show that "reliable
preconceptual sex selection is currently possible only by
preimplantation diagnosis, or sperm separation by flow cytometry
combined with IVF. Both methods involve invasive procedures and are at
present exclusively used for medical indications. It may be that in the
near future, an improvement in flow cytometry output of sexed
spermatozoa will provide sufficient sorted gametes for artificial
insemination. In such a case, the medical community will be forced to
take a stand, whether this reliable noninvasive method of sexing will
be allowed for social purposes."
Correspondence: J. G.
Schenker, Hadassah University Hospital, Department of Obstetrics and
Gynecology, Ein-Kerem, P.O. Box 12000, Jerusalem 91120, Israel.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
Descriptive studies of income differentials, earnings, career mobility, and other economic characteristics if allocated according to demographic groups. Analytical studies are classified under K.1.1. General Economic Development and Population , and studies concerned with employment and labor force are classified under K.3. Employment and Labor Force Participation .
62:40566 Ahlburg, Dennis A.
Population growth and poverty. In: The impact of population
growth on well-being in developing countries, edited by Dennis A.
Ahlburg, Allen C. Kelley, and Karen O. Mason. 1996. 219-58 pp.
Springer-Verlag: New York, New York/Berlin, Germany. In Eng.
"This chapter presents estimates of the number of people in
poverty and changes over time in the number of people in poverty,
identifies factors that are related to poverty, and evaluates the role
that population growth plays in determining poverty. Attention is paid
to both the standard definition of poverty and to the broader concept
of well-being. Little direct evidence on the impact of population
growth exists. Indirect evidence, however, suggests some possible
links....Overall, the evidence shows that many countries have been able
to reduce poverty while population has been growing, but population has
been a contributory factor in the difficulties of reducing poverty in
many other countries." The geographical focus is on developing
countries.
Correspondence: D. A. Ahlburg, University of
Minnesota, Center for Population Analysis and Policy, Minneapolis, MN
55455. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
62:40567 Buchmann, Marlis; König, Markus;
Li, Jiang Hong; Sacchi, Stefan; Meier, Urs. Changes in
upward and downward occupational mobility. [Berufliche
Aufstiegschancen und Abstiegsrisiken im Wandel.] Statistik der Schweiz,
ISBN 3-303-15132-6. 1996. 80 pp. Bundesamt für Statistik: Bern,
Switzerland. In Ger. with sum. in Fre.
Changes in vertical
occupational mobility in Switzerland between 1970 and 1990 are analyzed
using data from the 1970, 1980, and 1990 censuses. The relationships
among education, occupational position, and occupational status are
examined. The types of training that lead to upward and downward
mobility are also discussed.
Correspondence: Bundesamt
für Statistik, Hallwylstrasse 15, 3003 Bern, Switzerland.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
62:40568 Gauthier, Hervé.
Demographic variables and social dependency: annual and
intergenerational comparisons. [Variables démographiques et
charges sociales: comparaisons annuelles et
intergénérationnelles.] Cahiers Québécois
de Démographie, Vol. 24, No. 2, Autumn 1995. 285-321 pp.
Montreal, Canada. In Fre. with sum. in Eng; Spa.
"Drawing on a
profile of age-specific expenditures for selected [Canadian] Government
programmes (services and transfers), we examine the effect of
demographic changes and labour force participation on social
expenditures in the upcoming decades. In terms of cross-sectional
analysis, increased activity rates and particularly a postponed
retirement age would exercise a major impact....Using a different
approach, it is possible to distinguish for each generation the social
benefits received and corresponding contributions. Whereas the amount
of benefits received by a specific cohort essentially depends on its
size, contributions vary according to annual social expenditures. The
demographic structures are such that the generations born before 1991
will profit from an excess in benefits...while for the following
generations the situation will be reversed....For all scenarios with
negative population growth, future generations may expect to incur a
deficit in terms of social expenses."
Correspondence:
H. Gauthier, Bureau de la Statistique du Québec, 117 rue
Saint-André, Quebec, Quebec G1K 3Y3, Canada. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
62:40569 Lanjouw, Peter; Ravallion,
Martin. Poverty and household size. Economic Journal,
Vol. 105, No. 433, Nov 1995. 1,415-34 pp. Cambridge,
Massachusetts/Oxford, England. In Eng.
"The widely held view
that larger families tend to be poorer in developing countries has
influenced research and policy. The scope for size economies in
consumption cautions against this view. We find that the correlation
between poverty and size vanishes in Pakistan when the size elasticity
of the cost of living is about 0.6. This turns out to be the elasticity
implied by a modified version of the food share method of setting
scales. By contrast, some measures of child nutritional status indicate
an elasticity of unity. Consideration of the weight attached to child
versus adult welfare may help resolve the non-robustness of demographic
profiles of poverty."
Correspondence: P. Lanjouw,
World Bank, 1818 H Street NW, Washington, D.C. 20433. Location:
Princeton University Library (FST).
62:40570 McDonald, Lynn.
Retirement pensions in Canada: the inequalities of a dualist
system. [Les pensions de retraite au Canada: les
inégalités d'un système dualiste.] Cahiers
Québécois de Démographie, Vol. 24, No. 2, Autumn
1995. 205-44 pp. Montreal, Canada. In Fre. with sum. in Eng; Spa.
"Using data from the Survey of Ageing and Independence
(N=20,036), this research examines the effect of a dual economy on
retirement incomes for both men and women [in Canada]. Specifically,
the analysis compares core and periphery retirees on sociodemographic
characteristics, work characteristics, income characteristics and
pension arrangements. Models are then estimated to ascertain what
factors influence the retirement incomes for those retirees who
previously worked in the core or periphery of the economy. The findings
suggest that Canadian pension policy has served to exacerbate the
already precarious economic position of retired women, a known outcome
of their unstable labour force histories and family responsibilities.
The dualist pension system has assisted in producing an underclass of
retirees, the principal causalities being women who previously worked
in the periphery of the economy."
Correspondence: L.
McDonald, University of Toronto, Faculty of Social Service, 214 Huron
Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A1, Canada. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
62:40571 O'Hare, William P. A new
look at poverty in America. Population Bulletin, Vol. 51, No. 2,
Sep 1996. 48 pp. Population Reference Bureau: Washington, D.C. In Eng.
The author "examines the trends in the number and
characteristics of the poor [in the United States], and looks at some
of the common misperceptions about poverty. The report discusses the
great diversity and dynamic nature of the poverty population, and the
enormous differences in economic well-being among population groups and
geographic areas. The author shows how demographic change, along with
social and economic change, has contributed to the increase in poverty
over the past 20 years, and speculates about future trends. He also
looks at major welfare programs used by poor and low-income Americans,
and reviews the fundamental changes in government welfare programs
enacted in the mid 1990s."
Correspondence: Population
Reference Bureau, 1875 Connecticut Avenue NW, Suite 520, Washington,
D.C. 20009-5728. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
62:40572 Sorenson, Ann M.; Grindstaff,
Carl. Adolescent mothers: the impact of living
arrangements on long-term economic outcomes. Canadian Studies in
Population, Vol. 22, No. 2, 1995. 91-105 pp. Alberta, Canada. In Eng.
with sum. in Fre.
"Adolescent fertility raises issues that
touch on important social values and more practical concerns. Among the
latter are the living arrangements that develop in the first months
after a birth. Analyses of data [for Ontario, Canada] that cover nearly
eight years of a longitudinal prospective study trace the implications
of early living arrangements for events related to education,
employment, subsequent childbearing, and the longer term socioeconomic
well being of 213 young mothers. Educational attainments and income in
young adulthood suggest the advantages of living with parents rather
than entering into an early marriage, cohabiting, or living alone after
an adolescent birth. However, problematic relationships and abusive
behaviour experienced in childhood and early adolescence suggest that
remaining in the family household is not a viable option for a
significant number of very young mothers."
Correspondence:
A. M. Sorenson, University of Toronto, 100 St. George Street,
Toronto, Ontario M52 1A1, Canada. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
62:40573 Taylor, J. Edward; Wyatt, T.
J. The shadow value of migrant remittances, income and
inequality in a household-farm economy. Journal of Development
Studies, Vol. 32, No. 6, Aug 1996. 899-912 pp. London, England. In Eng.
"This article offers econometric evidence that income
remittances sent home by family migrants stimulate household-farm
incomes indirectly by relieving credit and risk constraints on
household-farm production. A high but unequally distributed shadow
value of migrant remittances appears to reinforce an equalising direct
effect of remittances on the income distribution across a sample of
household-farms in rural Mexico."
Correspondence: J.
E. Taylor, University of California, Department of Agricultural
Economics, Davis, CA 95616. Location: Princeton University
Library (PF).
Descriptive studies of populations according to literacy and educational attainment, cultural background, religious affiliation, residential characteristics and segregation, and the like. Studies on social mobility are also coded under this heading.
62:40574 Chanana, Karuna.
Educational attainment, status production and women's autonomy: a
study of two generations of Punjabi women in New Delhi. In: Girls'
schooling, women's autonomy and fertility change in South Asia, edited
by Roger Jeffery and Alaka M. Basu. 1996. 107-32 pp. Sage Publications:
New Delhi, India. In Eng.
"In this paper I...seek to
contextualise the relationship between gender, education and autonomy
within the family [in India], by asking how far familial considerations
of feminine propriety, protection of female sexuality, feminine domain
and social roles affect women's participation in education, its
perceived benefits, the reasons for sending daughters to schools, and
the type and amount of education received by women. More specifically,
I explore three dimensions of autonomy, namely, husband-wife
communication; mother's role in influencing decisions regarding
children's education; and the twin issues of daughters' right to
property and dowry demand."
Correspondence: K.
Chanana, Jawaharlal Nehru University, Zakir Hussain Centre for
Educational Studies, New Mehrauli Road, New Delhi 110 067, India.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
62:40575 DeGraff, Deborah S.; Bilsborrow,
Richard E.; Herrin, Alejandro N. Children's education in
the Philippines: does high fertility matter? Population Research
and Policy Review, Vol. 15, No. 3, Jun 1996. 219-47 pp. Dordrecht,
Netherlands. In Eng.
"This paper examines the effects of
family size and sibling position on children's current school
enrollment status in the Philippines. The theoretical framework focuses
on the determinants of children's participation in alternative
activities, specifically schooling, market work, and home production.
This approach allows for a greater understanding of the mechanisms
through which fertility, as reflected by number of siblings and sibling
composition, influences children's education than would examining the
determinants of schooling alone. The model is estimated using the 1983
wave of the Bicol Multipurpose Survey. The results indicate the
existence of negative effects of fertility on school enrollment, which,
in part, operate through work status. In addition, these effects differ
according to the sibling position of the
child."
Correspondence: D. S. DeGraff, Bowdoin
College, Department of Economics, Brunswick, ME 04011. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
62:40576 Ermisch, John. The
demand for housing in Britain and population ageing: microeconometric
evidence. Economica, Vol. 63, No. 251, Aug 1996. 383-404 pp.
Oxford, England. In Eng.
"The paper estimates a household's
demand function for housing [in Britain] using household data.
Estimates of the price and (current) income elasticities are robust at
about -0.4 and 0.5 respectively. Independent of price and income
effects, there is a strong age pattern to household demand. In
conjunction with the age profile of household formation, this pattern
implies that changes in the age distribution of the population have
important effects on aggregate housing demand, although economic growth
dominates in determining its rate of
growth."
Correspondence: J. Ermisch, University of
Essex, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester, Essex CO4 3SQ, England. Location:
Princeton University Library (PF).
62:40577 Jeffery, Patricia; Jeffery,
Roger. What's the benefit of being educated?: Girls'
schooling, women's autonomy and fertility outcomes in Bijnor. In:
Girls' schooling, women's autonomy and fertility change in South Asia,
edited by Roger Jeffery and Alaka M. Basu. 1996. 150-83 pp. Sage
Publications: New Delhi, India. In Eng.
"In this paper we
address the following questions. How much autonomy do women have, in
the sense of being able to influence key decisions about their lives?
What are the local meanings of schooling in general, and female
schooling in particular? Are there variations in autonomy that can be
traced to women's educational experiences, and can these be related in
turn to fertility differences?" Data were collected from two
villages in rural North India.
Correspondence: P. Jeffery,
University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9YL, Scotland. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
62:40578 Jeon, B. Philip; Berger, Mark
C. The demographic cycle and optimal schooling
choices. Southern Economic Journal, Vol. 63, No. 2, Oct 1996.
301-11 pp. Chapel Hill, North Carolina. In Eng.
A model is
developed that enables the authors to estimate the effects of
demographic cycles on both earnings and schooling. The model is tested
using data from the 1991 Korean Occupational Wage Survey. The results
indicate that cohorts following large birth cohorts in the cycle choose
relatively less formal schooling compared with pre-peak cohorts, and
that post-peak cohorts also have lower incomes. This result concerning
South Korea is consistent with findings from previous studies in the
United States.
Correspondence: B. P. Jeon, John Carroll
University, University Heights, Cleveland, OH 44118. Location:
Princeton University Library (PF).
62:40579 Lamprecht, Markus; Stamm, Hanspeter;
Meier, Urs. Social inequality in education. [Soziale
Ungleichheit im Bildungswesen.] Statistik der Schweiz, ISBN
3-303-15131-8. 1996. 57 pp. Bundesamt für Statistik: Bern,
Switzerland. In Ger. with sum. in Fre.
Data from the 1990 census of
Switzerland are used to analyze the influence of social background and
gender on educational status. The authors also consider whether
expansion of the educational system has changed the influence of these
factors.
Correspondence: Bundesamt für Statistik,
Hallwylstrasse 15, 3003 Bern, Switzerland. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
62:40580 Schulz, Reiner. Marital
status as a determinant of the structure of the familial support and
assistance network. [Der Familienstand als Determinante der
Struktur des familialen Hilfs- und Unterstützungsnetzwerks.]
Zeitschrift für Bevölkerungswissenschaft, Vol. 21, No. 1,
1996. 3-27 pp. Munich, Germany. In Ger. with sum. in Eng; Fre.
"This article identifies differences (and similarities) among
help and support networks for [German] women of the middle-aged
generation according to marital status. The significance of marital
status with respect to the size and structure of a network of
relationships...is already underscored by the fact that fewer single,
widowed and divorced women of the middle-aged generation (around the
age of 50) live with a partner, and that these women tend to have
[fewer] children than married women. The analysis clearly shows that
these `gaps' in key network positions are unlikely to be filled by
other members of the family or, for instance, by friends or neighbours.
This is particularly true when help is of crucial importance, e.g. in
cases of illness or invalidity. Conversely, where a particular type of
support requires a smaller investment of time over a shorter period,
the `supply' of those willing to provide help is generally
larger."
Correspondence: R. Schulz, Bundesinstitut
für Bevölkerungsforschung, 65180 Wiesbaden, Germany.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
Descriptive studies of populations on the basis of race, ethnic group, language, and national origin.
62:40581 Boelens, Peter.
Ethno-demography: its historical context in Russia, Ukraine and
Byelorussia. Nethur-Demography Paper, No. 38, Jul 1996. 46 pp.
Universiteit van Amsterdam, Postdoctorale Onderzoekersopleiding
Demografie [PDOD]: Amsterdam, Netherlands. In Eng.
This paper looks
at the history of seven major ethnic groups over the lifetime of the
Soviet Union, focusing on their demographic experience in three of the
major western republics of the former USSR. "Within the context of
a demographic research project on scenarios for the future population
by nationality in Russia, the Ukraine and Byelorussia, this paper
provides the historical, socio-economic and linguistic background of
seven nationalities under study: Russians, Ukrainians, Byelorussians,
Tatars, Crimean Tatars, Germans and Jews. The paper is written in the
form of a literature review, together with a presentation of the most
important and recent census data in the fields of language and
socio-economic characteristics. On a more general level, the paper
starts with a discussion of the reasons why it is theoretically
important to link the concepts of ethnicity and
demography."
Correspondence: Universiteit van
Amsterdam, Planologisch en Demografisch Instituut, Postdoctorale
Onderzoekersopleiding Demografie, Nieuwe Prinsengracht 130, 1018 VZ
Amsterdam, Netherlands. Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
62:40582 De Vita, Carol J.; Pollard, Kelvin
M. Increasing diversity of the U.S. population.
Statistical Bulletin, Vol. 77, No. 3, Jul-Sep 1996. 12-7 pp. New York,
New York. In Eng.
Changes in the ethnic composition of the U.S.
population are projected from the present up to the year 2050. The
authors note that the population will continue to grow in the
twenty-first century, but at an increasingly slower pace, with an
estimated total of 394 million in 2050. "The United States is
evolving from a predominantly white, European population to one that is
increasingly diverse, in which people of color represent a growing
share. The minority population numbered nearly 70 million in 1995,
about one in four Americans. By the middle of the 21st century,
however, the size of the `minority' population should just about equal
that of the non-Hispanic white population."
For a related
publication, also published in 1996, see 62:20036.
Correspondence: C. J. De Vita, Population Reference
Bureau, 1875 Connecticut Avenue NW, Suite 520, Washington, D.C.
20009-5728. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
62:40583 Hugo, Graeme. Atlas of
the Australian people--1991 census. Western Australia. ISBN
0-644-45909-3. 1996. xxvii, 315 pp. Australian Government Publishing
Service: Canberra, Australia. In Eng.
This is one in a series of
publications focusing on the ethnic origins of the Australian
population, using data from the 1991 census. "This volume of the
atlas focuses on the overseas-born within the Western Australian
population as revealed in the 1991 Census. The settlement patterns of
the major birthplace groups are considered in some detail in this
volume of the atlas. Also considered here are the number and
distribution of indigenous Australians, religious groups, the children
of the overseas-born, and the age structure of the overseas-born, as
well as the use of languages other than English and English language
proficiency."
Correspondence: Australian Government
Publishing Service Press, G.P.O. Box 84, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
62:40584 Prins, C. J. M.
Non-Dutch residents and Dutch residents born abroad, January 1,
1995. [Niet-Nederlanders en in het buitenland geboren
Nederlanders, 1 januari 1995.] Maandstatistiek van de Bevolking, Vol.
44, No. 6, Jun 1996. 11-7 pp. Voorburg, Netherlands. In Dut. with sum.
in Eng.
"On 1 January 1995, 757,000 non-Dutch residents were
living in the Netherlands....The relatively large number of
naturalizations in 1994 has been the main cause of the decrease in the
number of non-Dutch nationals....Net changes of nationality make the
largest contribution to the growth of the number of Dutch residents
born abroad....Non-Dutch residents are much younger on average than the
population of the Netherlands as a whole."
Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
62:40585 Sandefur, Gary D.; Rindfuss, Ronald
R.; Cohen, Barney. Changing numbers, changing needs:
American Indian demography and public health. ISBN 0-309-05548-2.
LC 96-70052. 1996. x, 314 pp. National Academy Press: Washington, D.C.
In Eng.
The papers in this volume were first presented at a
workshop on the demography and health status of American Indians and
Alaskan Natives. The meeting was organized by the National Research
Council's Committee on Population and was held in May 1995. The focus
was on recent demographic trends in this population and their
implications for health service delivery. Particular attention is given
to the problem of distinguishing between "changes in the size,
characteristics, and distribution of these populations caused by
fertility, mortality, and migration trends and changes caused by the
increased tendency of people to identify themselves as Indians in
response to census or survey questions on race, ethnicity, and
ancestry. Over the last 20 years, changes in self-identification have
been substantial and have affected estimates of birth and death rates,
as well as estimates of the geographic and income distributions of
American Indians."
Correspondence: National Academy
Press, 2101 Constitution Avenue NW, Washington, D.C. 20418.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
62:40586 Schmelz, Uziel O. The
Jewish population of Hesse from the mid-nineteenth century to
1933. [Die jüdische Bevölkerung Hessens von der Mitte
des 19. Jahrhunderts bis 1933.] Schriftenreihe Wissenschaftlicher
Abhandlungen des Leo Baeck Instituts, No. 51, ISBN 3-16-146177-0. 1996.
xiv, 410 pp. J. C. B. Mohr: Tübingen, Germany. In Ger.
This
study is based mainly on a recently discovered archive from the 1925
German census in which, on Jewish initiative, statistics on the Jews in
Hesse were compiled. Data and analyses are presented on their age and
sex distribution, regional distribution, fertility, mortality, marriage
and divorce, education, employment, economic and social status,
migration (both international and internal), and cultural assimilation.
The development of the Hessian Jewish population is traced over several
generations, and is compared with the Gentile population in Hesse and
with the Jewish population in the rest of Germany. The author concludes
that the main trends in the Jewish population, such as declining
fertility and population aging, foreshadowed later developments in the
population as a whole.
Correspondence: J. C. B. Mohr (Paul
Siebeck), Postfach 2040, 72010 Tübingen, Germany. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
62:40587 Srb, Vladimír.
Assimilation and bending over the nationality of the Czechoslovak
population in light of population censuses, 1950-1991. [Asimilace
a preklánení národnosti obyvatelstva v
Ceskoslovensku ve svetle scítání lidu 1950-1991.]
Demografie, Vol. 38, No. 3, 1996. 157-64 pp. Prague, Czech Republic. In
Cze. with sum. in Eng.
"The annual balances of population by
nationality (live births by mother's nationality, deceased and migrants
by their nationality) [allow us] to calculate the volume of nationality
assimilation after each population census as well as so called `bending
over of nationality' [declaring a nationality not one's own] when we
compare the balance and the results of population census by
nationality....The author analyzes probable causes of assimilation
processes among individual population censuses in Czechoslovakia on the
basis of such processes in the Czech and in the Slovak part of the
previous Czechoslovak federation...."
Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
62:40588 Trebici, Vladimir; Ghetau,
Vasile. The minority nationalities in the Romanian
population: present and future prospects. [Populatia
României si minoritatile nationale: prezent si perspective.]
Bibliotheca Demographica, No. 2, 1996. 56 pp. Academia Româna,
Institutul National de Cercetari Economice, Centrul de Cercetari
Demografice: Bucharest, Romania; Centrul de Informare si Documentare
Economica: Bucharest, Romania. In Rum.
This monograph is in two
parts. The first part, by Vladimir Trebici, reviews the available data
sources on the Hungarian minority in Romania, and analyzes the
demographic characteristics of this population, including its
geographical and rural-urban distribution, religion, fertility and
mortality differentials, migration, and natural increase. The second
part, by Vasile Ghetau, looks at probable long-term changes in
Romania's main ethnic groups, including Romanians, Hungarians, and
gypsies over the period 1992-2025.
Correspondence: Centrul
de Informare si Documentare Economica, Casuta Postala 54-29, Bucharest
54, Romania. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
