Studies that quantitatively analyze aspects of nuptiality and the family. Studies concerned equally with marriage and the family are coded first under G.2. Family and Household and cross-referenced to G.1. Marriage and Divorce . Methodological studies on nuptiality and the family are coded in this division and cross-referenced to N. Methods of Research and Analysis Including Models , as appropriate.
Studies of trends in marriage and divorce, nuptiality, duration of marriage, age at marriage, and demographic characteristics of marriage partners. Also includes studies of unmarried cohabitation and consensual unions.
62:40352 Al-Mazrou, Yagob Y.; Farid, Samir M.;
Khan, Moslem U. Changing marriage age and consanguineous
marriage in Saudi females. Annals of Saudi Medicine, Vol. 15, No.
5, 1995. 481-5 pp. Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. In Eng.
"Saudi
National Child Health Survey data were used to examine marital age,
consanguinity, status and outcome of marriage of Saudi females. The
survey (1987-88) involved interviewing 8,482 ever-married urban and
rural females by 120 female nurses."
Correspondence:
Y. Y. Al-Mazrou, Ministry of Health, Preventive Medicine, Riyadh
11176, Saudi Arabia. Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
62:40353 Alm, James; Whittington, Leslie
A. Does the income tax affect marital decisions?
National Tax Journal, Vol. 48, No. 4, Dec 1995. 565-72 pp. Columbus,
Ohio. In Eng.
"This paper discusses new empirical evidence on
the role of income tax incentives in marital decisions [in the United
States]. Time-series evidence suggests that taxes have a small but
statistically significant effect on the aggregate marriage rate;
however, this evidence is sensitive to the time period and the measure
of marriage. Additional evidence, based on household longitudinal data,
indicates that the probability of marriage falls and that of divorce
rises with an increase in the so-called marriage tax, and that the
timing of marriage (though not of divorce) is also affected by taxes.
In short, there is strong evidence that taxes affect some marital
decisions."
Correspondence: J. Alm, University of
Colorado, Department of Economics, Boulder, CO 80309-0256.
Location: Princeton University Library (FST).
62:40354 Amato, Paul R.
Explaining the intergenerational transmission of divorce.
Journal of Marriage and the Family, Vol. 58, No. 3, Aug 1996. 628-40
pp. Minneapolis, Minnesota. In Eng.
"This study uses national
longitudinal [U.S.] data to explain the intergenerational transmission
of divorce. Parental divorce is associated with an increased risk of
offspring divorce, especially when wives or both spouses have
experienced the dissolution of their parents' marriage. Offspring age
at marriage, cohabitation, socioeconomic attainment, and prodivorce
attitudes mediate modest proportions of the estimated effect of
parental divorce. In contrast, a measure of interpersonal behavior
problems mediates the largest share of the association. The findings
suggest that parental divorce elevates the risk of offspring divorce by
increasing the likelihood that offspring exhibit behaviors that
interfere with the maintenance of mutually rewarding intimate
relationships." Data are from the Study of Marriage over the Life
Course.
Correspondence: P. R. Amato, University of
Nebraska, Department of Sociology, Lincoln, NE 68588-0324.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
62:40355 Bereczkei, Tamas; Csanaky,
Andras. Mate choice, marital success, and reproduction in
a modern society. Ethology and Sociobiology, Vol. 17, No. 1, Jan
1996. 17-35 pp. New York, New York. In Eng.
"A series of eight
predictions concerning human mating was tested on interviews with 1,057
female and 774 male Hungarians, who were close to completed fertility.
Mating preferences as predicted from the evolutionary explanations are
reflected in actual mate choice. Males, more than females, prefer and
choose younger mates at marriage, whereas females tend to marry higher
educated mates. The reproductive consequences of mate choice are
adaptive: females who marry higher status mates and males who choose
younger mates have significantly more surviving children than those
following alternative mating strategies."
Correspondence:
T. Bereczkei, Medical University of Pécs, Institute of
Behavioral Sciences, Szigeti u. 12, Pecs 7624, Hungary. Location:
Princeton University Library (SZ).
62:40356 Blossfeld, Hans-Peter; Klijzing,
Erik; Pohl, Katharina; Rohwer, Götz. Modeling
parallel and interdependent processes in demography. [Modellierung
paralleler und interdependenter Prozesse in der
Bevölkerungswissenschaft.] Zeitschrift für
Bevölkerungswissenschaft, Vol. 21, No. 1, 1996. 29-56 pp. Munich,
Germany. In Ger. with sum. in Eng; Fre.
"In empirical studies
demography is frequently confronted with parallel processes that, when
analysed, prove to be interdependent. Thus the question of how to deal
with these interdependencies arises. The objective of this essay is to
provide an answer to this question. The first step in doing so is to
describe the various types of parallel process and to specify the
actual methodological problem more precisely. Following this, two
different problem-solving approaches are introduced. The first is the
`systems approach' often used in the past; the second is the `dynamic
causal approach' developed by Blossfeld and Rohwer....To illustrate our
theoretical and methodological concepts we use empirical data from the
Netherlands and Germany to show how the propensity to marry in
consensual unions changes during the first pregnancy (or following the
birth of the first child)."
Correspondence: H.-P.
Blossfeld, Institut für Empirische und Angewandte Soziologie,
Fachbereich 8 der Universität Bremen, Postfach 33 04 40, 28334
Bremen, Germany. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
62:40357 Chevan, Albert. As
cheaply as one: cohabitation in the older population. Journal of
Marriage and the Family, Vol. 58, No. 3, Aug 1996. 656-67 pp.
Minneapolis, Minnesota. In Eng.
"This study examines the
prevalence of cohabitation [in the United States], observes trends in
cohabitation between 1960 and 1990, and investigates the conditions
leading older persons to cohabit. An indirect strategy is used to
measure cohabitation as a result of a validation study of approaches to
its measurement. The trend analysis with Public Use Microdata Samples
finds 2.4% of unmarried persons age 60 and older cohabiting in 1990, up
from virtually 0% in 1960. By 1990 there were 407,000 elderly
cohabitors, compared with 9,600 in 1960. Cohorts with considerably
higher levels of cohabitation will shortly enter old age. Variables
measuring individual characteristics, economic motivations, and the
social context are used to predict
cohabitation."
Correspondence: A. Chevan, University
of Massachusetts, Department of Sociology, Thompson Hall, Box 37525,
Amherst, MA 01003. Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
62:40358 de Graaf, A. The impact
of parental divorce on the relationships of young adults. [De
invloed van echtscheiding van de ouders op relaties van jongeren.]
Maandstatistiek van de Bevolking, Vol. 44, No. 8, Aug 1996. 7-12 pp.
Voorburg, Netherlands. In Dut. with sum. in Eng.
"The 1993
Netherlands Fertility and Family Survey shows that parental divorce has
an impact on (the attitudes towards) relationships of young adults.
Children of divorced parents leave home at an earlier age and have a
stronger preference for cohabitation. Once a relationship (cohabitation
or marriage) has started, it is more likely to end in separation or
divorce."
Correspondence: A. de Graaf, Erasmus
Universiteit Rotterdam, Faculteit Sociale Wetenschappen, Burgemeester
Oudlaan 50, P.O. Box 1738, 3000 DR Rotterdam, Netherlands.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
62:40359 Fu, Haishan; Goldman,
Noreen. Incorporating health into models of marriage
choice: demographic and sociological perspectives. Journal of
Marriage and the Family, Vol. 58, No. 3, Aug 1996. 740-58 pp.
Minneapolis, Minnesota. In Eng.
"This study uses data from the
National Longitudinal Study of Youth to examine how health-related
characteristics and behaviors affect first marriage rates among young
American adults. The results emphasize the importance of including
health variables in models of marriage choice by demonstrating that
persons with unhealthy behaviors (such as high levels of alcohol
consumption and the use of hard drugs) and with physical
characteristics that are typically associated with poorer past and
future health statuses (obesity and short stature) have lower marriage
rates than their healthier counterparts."
Correspondence:
H. Fu, University of Pennsylvania, Population Studies Center, 3718
Locust Walk, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6298. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
62:40360 Gibson, Colin S.
Dissolving wedlock. ISBN 0-415-03225-3. LC 93-7386. 1994. 246
pp. Routledge: New York, New York/London, England. In Eng.
This
book is an interdisciplinary, socio-legal study of marriage breakdown
in England and Wales over the last three centuries. It is organized
into three parts, which deal with the period before civil divorce or
separation; marriage patterns in the twentieth century; and marriage
breakdown today.
Correspondence: Routledge, 11 New Fetter
Lane, London EC4P 4EE, England. Location: Princeton University
Library (FST).
62:40361 Gray, Jeffrey S. The
economic impact of divorce law reform. Population Research and
Policy Review, Vol. 15, No. 3, Jun 1996. 275-96 pp. Dordrecht,
Netherlands. In Eng.
"The role no-fault divorce plays in
lowering the economic well-being of [U.S.] women remains controversial.
This paper attempts to shed light on this issue by surveying the
literature and presenting new evidence that also considers state laws
governing the distribution of marital property at divorce. The data
suggest that the economic impact of no-fault divorce is very sensitive
to the type of marital property law in each state. Under certain
marital property laws the adoption of no-fault divorce may even be
welfare improving for married women."
Correspondence:
J. S. Gray, University of Illinois, Department of Agricultural and
Consumer Economics, 1301 W. Gregory Drive, Urbana, IL 61801.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
62:40362 Guo, Zhigang; Deng,
Guosheng. A theoretical study on the marriage market:
perspectives on the marriage market in the process of fertility decline
in China. Chinese Journal of Population Science, Vol. 8, No. 1,
1996. 13-22 pp. New York, New York. In Eng.
"A lop-sided sex
ratio tends to create a social problem known as the marriage squeeze.
For a long time in its history, China has always been plagued by the
phenomenon of discrepant sex ratios. However, the problem never became
serious due to adjustments in husband-wife age differentials under the
condition of growth in population. Along with the rapid decrease in
fertility, the issue of sex ratio at birth has become a cause for
concern in recent years. Considering the historical transformation in
China's demographic structure, this article examines sex ratio and the
marriage squeeze in both theoretical and practical terms and conducts
initial analyses on their trend of development in the
future."
Correspondence: Z. Guo, Chinese People's
University, Population Research Institute, Beijing, China.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
62:40363 Hoffman, Saul D.; Duncan, Greg
J. The effect of incomes, wages, and AFDC benefits on
marital disruption. Journal of Human Resources, Vol. 30, No. 1,
Winter 1995. 19-41 pp. Madison, Wisconsin. In Eng.
"This paper
uses a choice-based model to estimate the effects [in the United
States] of a broad set of economic factors, including AFDC benefit
levels, husband's earnings, and a woman's wage rate on the probability
of marital dissolution. We find that the probability of divorce is
lower for marriages in which the husband's labor income is higher. We
also find that while AFDC income has a substantial effect on welfare
receipt by a divorced woman, it has a relatively small effect on the
probability that a married woman will become divorced. Finally, we find
no support for the hypothesis that rising wages for women have
increased marital instability."
Correspondence: S. D.
Hoffman, University of Delaware, Department of Economics, Newark, DE
19716. Location: Princeton University Library (IR).
62:40364 Lester, David. Trends in
divorce and marriage around the world. Journal of Divorce and
Remarriage, Vol. 25, No. 1-2, 1996. 169-71 pp. Binghamton, New York. In
Eng.
"A study of 27 [developed] nations indicated that divorce
rates rose in 25 of the nations from 1950 to 1985 while marriage rates
declined in 22 of the nations. Nations with higher divorce rates in
1950 had steeper increases in the divorce rate subsequently, supporting
a critical-mass hypothesis."
Correspondence: Haworth
Document Delivery Service, 10 Alice Street, Binghamton, NY 13904-1580.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
62:40365 Lewis, Jane; Kiernan,
Kathleen. The boundaries between marriage, nonmarriage,
and parenthood: changes in behavior and policy in postwar Britain.
Journal of Family History, Vol. 21, No. 3, Jul 1996. 372-87 pp.
Thousand Oaks, California. In Eng.
"This article suggests that
there have been two major changes in the pattern of development of lone
motherhood since the Second World War [in England]. First there was a
widespread separation of sex and marriage. The second shift has been
more recent and arguably more radical, involving the separation of
marriage and parenthood. Whereas the first set of changes was regarded
with considerable optimism by commentators, the second has given rise
to moral panic about lone motherhood. The result, we suggest, has been
a recasting of family law, putting the emphasis on the responsibilities
of parenthood rather than marriage."
Correspondence:
J. Lewis, University of Oxford, Wellcome Unit for the History of
Medicine, Wellington Square, Oxford OX1 2JD, England. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
62:40366 Manting, Dorien. The
changing meaning of cohabitation and marriage. European
Sociological Review, Vol. 12, No. 1, May 1996. 53-65 pp. Oxford,
England. In Eng.
"In the Netherlands, the social meaning of
both marriage and cohabitation has changed. Cohabitation started as an
alternative way of living, developed into a temporary phase before
marriage, and finally became a strategy for moving into a union
gradually....This article addresses the question whether or not
individual past and current life-course experiences become increasingly
important in explaining the differentiation of entry into marriage
across female birth cohorts, and yet become decreasingly important in
explaining the differentiation of entry into cohabitation across female
birth cohorts. This question is examined using a non-proportional
hazard model. Empirical evidence supports this hypothesis strongly, in
that both past determinants such as family size or religion and current
life-course determinants such as work or education change in their
impact on cohabitation and marriage across birth
cohorts."
Correspondence: D. Manting, Statistics
Netherlands, Department of Population, P.O. Box 4000, 2270 JM Voorburg,
Netherlands. Location: Princeton University Library (PR).
62:40367 Morocco. Centre d'Etudes et de
Recherches Démographiques [CERED] (Rabat, Morocco).
Marital status in Morocco from 1960 to 1994. [Etat matrimonial
au Maroc de 1960 à 1994.] Sep 1996. 60 pp. Rabat, Morocco. In
Fre.
Changes in marital status in Morocco from 1960 to 1994 are
analyzed using data from various official sources, including censuses,
the latest of which was held in 1994, and surveys. The first chapter
examines the marital status of the population as a whole, including
differences by sex and by place of residence. The second chapter
investigates trends in nuptiality over time, listing the percentage of
those unmarried by age and sex and describing trends in age at first
marriage. The third and final chapter concerns widowhood and
divorce.
Correspondence: Centre d'Etudes et de Recherches
Démographiques, Nouveau quartier administratif Haut-Agdal, B.P.
178, Rabat, Morocco. Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
62:40368 Morocco. Centre d'Etudes et de
Recherches Démographiques [CERED] (Rabat, Morocco).
Nuptiality conditions and their relations to migration, mortality,
and fertility. [Les conditions de nuptialité et leurs
rapports avec la migration, la mortalité et la
fécondité.] Aug 1996. 37 pp. Rabat, Morocco. In Fre.
This is an analysis of recent nuptiality trends in Morocco, with
particular regard to two basic indicators of nuptiality: the number of
those remaining unmarried at age 50 in a given generation, and the age
at first marriage for those marrying under age 50. The impact of
nuptiality trends on migration, mortality, and fertility is
examined.
Correspondence: Centre d'Etudes et de Recherches
Démographiques, Nouveau quartier administratif Haut-Agdal, B.P.
178, Rabat, Morocco. Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
62:40369 Mukiza-Gapere, Jackson; Ntozi, James
P. M. Impact of AIDS on marriage patterns, customs and
practices in Uganda. Health Transition Review, Vol. 5, Suppl.,
1995. 201-8 pp. Canberra, Australia. In Eng.
The authors report on
"a study to examine household composition and family structure
under the conditions of high AIDS-related mortality...in six districts
in Uganda....Eleven focus group discussions for young females and
eleven for young males were conducted in the six districts....The
evidence from the focus-group discussions is that marriage customs and
practices have changed over time because of factors related to
socio-economic development, modernization and Western culture. More
recently the changes in marriage have been closely connected with the
AIDS epidemic in Uganda. However, many customs have persisted, such as
parental participation in the introduction and negotiation for
children's marriages, bride price, dowry, circumcision of boys before
marriage, fining boys who elope with girls and rewarding virginity at
marriage. The societies where these practices exist want them to
continue because they regard them as good."
Correspondence:
J. Mukiza-Gapere, Makerere University, Institute of Statistics and
Applied Economics, Kampala, Uganda. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
62:40370 Rabusic, Ladislav. On
marriage and family trends in the Czech Republic in the mid-1990s.
[O soucasném vývoji manzelského a rodinného
chování v Ceské Republice.] Demografie, Vol. 38,
No. 3, 1996. 173-80 pp. Prague, Czech Republic. In Cze. with sum. in
Eng.
"This paper discusses the latest trends in marriage and
family behaviour in the Czech Republic. These trends show profound
changes as compared with the situation before 1989....It is claimed
here that the decrease of the marriage rate and the fertility rate, and
gradual increase of the age at first marriage and increase of
illegitimacy rate are normal and even necessary characteristics of
modern democratic societies."
Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
62:40371 Ratcliffe, Barrie M.
Popular classes and cohabitation in mid-nineteenth-century
Paris. Journal of Family History, Vol. 21, No. 3, Jul 1996. 316-50
pp. Thousand Oaks, California. In Eng.
"This article aims to
show that we do not know what we believe we do about the extent and
meaning of recourse to cohabitation among popular classes in Paris in
the first half of the nineteenth century. Discourse on cohabitation and
illegitimacy is deconstructed, revealing that analyses of popular
behavior are based on problematic data and flawed methods. If
cohabitation was widespread, this was because of the legal and economic
constraints imposed on workers, particularly migrants, rather than a
symptom of cultural breakdown or the emergence of a counterculture. The
article interrogates serial data, and especially marriage records, as
well as the archives of charity organizations, to argue that Parisian
workers were anxious to marry, to marry in church, and to marry
respectably. It suggests that we should dedramatize cohabitation and
recognize that popular-class attitudes and behavior were more
conformist and traditional than we have been led to
think."
Correspondence: B. M. Ratcliffe,
Université Laval, Cité Universitaire, Quebec, Quebec G1K
7P4, Canada. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
62:40372 Sardon, Jean-Paul.
Divorce trends in France. [L'évolution du divorce en
France.] Population, Vol. 51, No. 3, May-Jun 1996. 717-49 pp. Paris,
France. In Fre.
After discussing the historical and current data
sources for divorce in France, the author examines changes in the
divorce rate from 1900 to the present. Particular attention is paid to
how the rate varies according to the year the marriage was begun and
the duration of the marriage.
Correspondence: J.-P. Sardon,
Institut National d'Etudes Démographiques, 27 rue du Commandeur,
75675 Paris Cedex 14, France. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
62:40373 Schwarz, Karl. Is
getting married still up-to-date? An analysis of nuptiality trends in
the old German Länder based on demographic statistics. [Ist
heiraten noch zeitgemäß? Analyse der Entwicklung der
Heiratshäufigkeit in den alten Bundesländern auf der
Grundlage bevölkerungsstatistischer Daten.] Zeitschrift für
Bevölkerungswissenschaft, Vol. 21, No. 2, 1996. 131-43 pp.
Wiesbaden, Germany. In Ger. with sum. in Eng; Fre.
"Based upon
current age-specific marriage probabilities for singles, one can expect
that about 25% of men and roughly 20% of women will still be single at
age 50....The decline in frequency of marriage must be regarded as
dramatic; for as recently as 25 years ago it was quite certain that--as
has been the case for 200 years--only 5 to 10% of people in any given
generation would remain single. The decrease in the frequency of
marriage is not offset by the increase in consensual unions. Moreover,
such partnerships also have children much more [rarely] than marriages.
The continued strong appeal of marriage as a legal institution is
surely attributable to the privileges that accrue to it, particularly
with respect to family and social law. Should other forms of living
arrangements also benefit from these privileges in the future, a
further decline in nuptiality and fertility could be
expected."
Correspondence: K. Schwarz,
Klopstockstraße 14, 65187 Wiesbaden, Germany. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
62:40374 Sinha, R. K. Marriage
and marital dissolution in India: a multistate life table
analysis. IIPS Research Report Series, No. 15, 1994-1995. 33, [49]
pp. International Institute for Population Sciences [IIPS]: Mumbai,
India. In Eng.
"The present research study aims to
examine...marriage and marriage dissolution in India and selected
states through the multi-state increment-decrement marital status life
table approach. The objective of the study is to construct a
multi-state marital status life-table for India and selected states
which can provide estimates for the expected durations of singlehood,
married and widowhood based on the transition probabilities in [each]
different marital status."
Correspondence:
International Institute for Population Sciences, Govandi Station
Road, Deonar, Mumbai 400 088, India. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
62:40375 Sjoquist, David L.; Walker, Mary
B. The marriage tax and the rate and timing of
marriage. National Tax Journal, Vol. 48, No. 4, Dec 1995. 547-58
pp. Columbus, Ohio. In Eng.
"The effect of the differential
tax treatment of married and unmarried couples, the so-called marriage
tax, on the rate and timing of [U.S.] marriages is analyzed. Using
time-series data, we study the effect of the marriage tax on the
fraction of unmarried women over the age of 15 years who marry in each
year. We find no effect. We also investigate whether couples shift the
timing of their marriage from the end of one year to the beginning of
the next year in response to an increase in the marriage tax. We find
empirical support for this behavior."
Correspondence:
D. L. Sjoquist, Georgia State University, Policy Research Center,
Atlanta, GA 30303. Location: Princeton University Library
(FST).
62:40376 Toulemon, Laurent.
Cohabitation outside of marriage is here to stay. [La
cohabitation hors mariage s'installe dans la durée.] Population,
Vol. 51, No. 3, May-Jun 1996. 675-715 pp. Paris, France. In Fre.
The increase in cohabitation in France over the last 20 years is
discussed, and its relationship to marriage and fertility is
examined.
Correspondence: L. Toulemon, Institut National
d'Etudes Démographiques, 27 rue du Commandeur, 75675 Paris Cedex
14, France. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
62:40377 Wahab, Abdul; Ahmad, Mahmud.
Biosocial perspective of consanguineous marriages in rural and
urban Swat, Pakistan. Journal of Biosocial Science, Vol. 28, No.
3, Jul 1996. 305-13 pp. Cambridge, England. In Eng.
"Consanguineous marriages in two population samples, one rural
and one urban, from Swat (Pakistan) were studied. The frequency of
consanguineous marriages was found to be 37.13% and 31.11%, and mean
inbreeding coefficients were calculated as 0.0168 and 0.0162, for the
rural and urban populations respectively. The most frequent type of
marriage was between first cousins, in both samples....Differences by
ethnic and educational groups were...found. Contrary to previous
studies, a significant increase in the incidence of consanguineous
marriages over the years has been
observed."
Correspondence: A. Wahab, Government Degree
College, Matta, Swat, NWFP, Pakistan. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
62:40378 Wineberg, Howard. The
resolutions of separation: are marital reconciliations attempted?
Population Research and Policy Review, Vol. 15, No. 3, Jun 1996.
297-310 pp. Dordrecht, Netherlands. In Eng.
"This study, using
1987-88 [U.S.] National Survey of Families and Households data, has
examined the prevalence and characteristics of ever-separated white
women who attempt a marital reconciliation. Marital reconciliations are
quite common as 44% of the separated women attempt a reconciliation.
There is some support for the thesis that those with the fewest
resources and greatest reliance on the relationship are the most likely
to attempt a reconciliation. In comparing these findings with previous
research on the marital dissolution process, there is little
consistency in the relationship that the sociodemographic variables
have with attempting a reconciliation and with the success of an
attempted reconciliation. The implications of these findings are
discussed."
Correspondence: H. Wineberg, Portland
State University, School of Urban and Public Affairs, Center for
Population Research and Census, Portland, OR 97207-0751. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
Studies of household structure and of family composition and size and the factors influencing them. Includes the full range of family concepts from the one-parent to the extended family and includes studies on the life course of the family. Studies on attitudes toward family size are coded under F.4.4. Attitudes toward Fertility and Fertility Control .
62:40379 Akkerman, Abraham. A
problem in household composition. Mathematical Population Studies,
Vol. 6, No. 1, 1996. 3-18, 67 pp. Amsterdam, Netherlands. In Eng. with
sum. in Fre.
"Distinction made between household-persons and
household-markers [the person who identifies the family or household as
a unit] is formalized in the notion of nested populations. This leads
to an extension of the Leslie model into a formulation of growth for
both population and households. The extended model involves the matrix
presentation of household composition where ratios of household-persons
who are age 0, per household-marker, function as surrogate values for
fertility rates. The extended model describes change over time in the
distribution of population by age, and in the distribution of
households by age of household-marker, or household-head. The model
involves the inversion of a nonnegative matrix, and is feasible only if
it yields, projected over time, nonnegative entries in vectors
representing distribution of population by age, and distribution of
household-heads by age. Conditions for the feasibility of the extended
model are discussed, and a sufficient condition for feasibility over a
single interval is identified."
Correspondence: A.
Akkerman, University of Saskatchewan, Department of Geography,
Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5A5, Canada. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
62:40380 Alter, George. The
European marriage pattern as solution and problem: households of the
elderly in Verviers, Belgium, 1831. History of the Family, Vol. 1,
No. 2, 1996. 123-38 pp. Greenwich, Connecticut/London, England. In Eng.
"The essay considers the effects of marriage patterns on the
support of the elderly with empirical evidence from Verviers, a small
industrial city in nineteenth-century Belgium. The (Northwest) European
Marriage Pattern offered a solution for those elderly who had children,
especially those with large families, because coresidence with children
was the main source of support. The larger community experienced a
problem...in the form of large numbers of persons who never married or
reached old age with no surviving children. Moreover, while those who
had married were able to maintain their economic status, those who
never married liquidated their property holdings and became boarders
and lodgers in the households of nonkin."
Correspondence:
G. Alter, Indiana University, Department of History, Bloomington,
IN 47405. Location: Princeton University Library (PR).
62:40381 Benveniste, Corinne; Soleilhavoup,
Jeanine. Single-parent families. [Les familles
monoparentales.] Contours et Caractères, ISBN 2-11-066167-4. Sep
1994. 144 pp. Institut National de la Statistique et des Etudes
Economiques [INSEE]: Paris, France. In Fre.
This is an analysis of
one-parent families in France. Such families make up about 13% of all
families, putting France in an intermediate position with regard to
other developed countries. Women represent 86% of parents responsible
for such families. In contrast to the situation in the 1960s, when
widowhood was the main cause of the formation of one-parent families,
divorce is now the primary reason for their establishment. The
characteristics of female-headed families are analyzed, including
employment, socioeconomic status, public assistance, living conditions,
and lifestyle factors. The changes in laws and social policy associated
with the growth of one-parent families are also
described.
Correspondence: Institut National de la
Statistique et des Etudes Economiques, 18 boulevard Adolphe Pinard,
75675 Paris Cedex 14, France. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
62:40382 Bideau, Alain; Brunet, Guy.
Demographic systems and family patterns in historical Western
Europe. History of the Family, Vol. 1, No. 2, 1996. vi, 123-226
pp. JAI Press: Greenwich, Connecticut/London, England. In Eng.
"The essays in this issue were developed from papers presented
at a conference [on historical demography] held at La Plagne, France,
in December, 1994....The authors attempt to incorporate individual
behavior into an historical perspective as well as into the behavior of
groups that are not pre-defined....The articles reveal an effort to
reinsert migration phenomena into the demographic analysis of earlier
populations....The articles accord strong consideration to all factors
that lead to `differentiation'....And...there is a reintroduction of
social and economic parameters as factors in explaining observed
demographic phenomena." The geographic focus is on historical
Western Europe.
Selected items will be cited in this or subsequent
issues of Population Index.
Correspondence: Jai Press, 55
Old Post Road No. 2, P.O. Box 1678, Greenwich, CT 06836-1678.
Location: Princeton University Library (PR).
62:40383 Bideau, Alain; Brunet, Guy.
Stay or leave? Individual choice and family logic: the destinations
of children born in the Valserine Valley (French Jura) in the
eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. History of the Family, Vol.
1, No. 2, 1996. 159-68 pp. Greenwich, Connecticut/London, England. In
Eng.
"To study inheritance, it is necessary in the first place
to know the number of heirs in each family, how property was divided
between them, and whether their inheritance was sufficient to enable
them to maintain and support several children in the parish. This study
examines the process by which the populations of the parishes of
Valserine Valley in France reproduce themselves from one generation to
the next, by means of examining the `effective' progeny of couples to
determine how many of them produce children (heirs) who continue to
live in the Valley. The ultimate goal of these researches is to
establish the characteristics of those who leave the Valley, and how
these differ from those who choose to stay. The article examines
whether it is possible to discern a family strategy in the way these
decisions are made, and whether behavior of the persons in question is
determined by individual choice."
Correspondence: A.
Bideau, Université Lumière Lyon 2, Centre Piere
Léon, 14 avenue Berthelot, 69007 Lyon, France. Location:
Princeton University Library (PR).
62:40384 Budak, Mary-Anne E.; Liaw, Kao-Lee;
Kawabe, Hiroshi. Co-residence of household heads with
parents in Japan: a multivariate explanation. International
Journal of Population Geography, Vol. 2, No. 2, Jun 1996. 133-52 pp.
Chichester, England. In Eng.
"This paper uses a multivariate
logit model to study the factors affecting the Japanese household
heads' propensities to co-reside with elderly parents, based on the
micro data of a 1986 national survey. Our major findings are as
follows. The most important factors are (1) inheritance of house or
residential land from parent; (2) parent's spouseless status and age;
(3) household head's sibling status; and (4) household head's nativity
status. In a multivariate context, the negative effect of the household
head's level of education was significant but not very important,
whereas the presence of a working wife with child had a very weak
positive effect on the co-residence with parent. Our overall conclusion
is that the intergenerational co-residence in Japan is strongly
affected by cultural norms and has a strong rational (economic)
basis."
Correspondence: K.-L. Liaw, McMaster
University, Department of Geography, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4K1, Canada.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
62:40385 Caldwell, John C. The
demographic implications of West African family systems. Journal
of Comparative Family Studies, Vol. 27, No. 2, Summer 1996. 331-52 pp.
Calgary, Canada. In Eng. with sum. in Fre; Spa.
The author
identifies a family system prevalent in Western Africa which is
categorized by strong emotional and economic lineage bonds and
relatively weak bonds between spouses. "Marriage is often unstable
and a high proportion of children are reared by couples containing only
one or none of the children's parents. Spouses typically maintain
separate budgets." The implications for child health are
considered. "The implications for fertility are that the families
of origin of both wives and husbands--but chiefly the
latter--participate in fertility control decisions. In a situation
where much of the expense of rearing children falls on the mother, but
where her husband usually makes the fertility control decisions and
benefits most from children's assistance in later life, low levels of
fertility control and high levels of fertility are almost
inevitable."
Correspondence: J. C. Caldwell,
Australian National University, Health Transition Centre, G.P.O. Box 4,
Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia. Location: Princeton University
Library (PR).
62:40386 Campbell, Cameron; Lee, James
Z. A death in the family: household structure and
mortality in rural Liaoning: life-event and time-series analysis,
1792-1867. History of the Family, Vol. 1, No. 3, 1996. 297-328 pp.
Greenwich, Connecticut. In Eng.
"Through a discrete-time
life-event analysis of triennial household register data from a
northeast Chinese village, Daoyi, between 1774 and 1873, we find that
an individual's probability of dying, which we treat as an indicator of
access to resources and the nature of household roles, was affected by
the composition of their coresident kin....Widows and widowers had
higher mortality than the currently married. Orphans had higher
mortality than children with at least one parent present. Reflecting
the dependence of a wife's status on whether she had produced an heir
for her husband, married women in young adulthood and middle age who
had at least one son had substantially lower mortality than those
without. Reflecting the strength of the claim that elderly males could
make on household resources, children with coresident grandfathers had
higher mortality than those without. Even though sons were supposed to
be a form of old-age security, however, the death rate of the elderly
was not reduced by the presence of sons and
grandsons."
Correspondence: C. Campbell, University of
California, Department of Sociology, Hilgard Avenue, Los Angeles, CA
90024. Location: Princeton University Library (PR).
62:40387 Croes, M. M. Same-sex
cohabitation. [Samenwoners van gelijk geslacht.] Maandstatistiek
van de Bevolking, Vol. 44, No. 10, Oct 1996. 24-6 pp. Voorburg,
Netherlands. In Dut. with sum. in Eng.
"Little is known about
the number of homosexuals [in the Netherlands] in general and about
homosexual couples in particular. In the so-called continuous
population system information has been collected on all persons in the
Netherlands who do not live in a family context. On the basis of a
number of assumptions an estimated total of 21.3 thousand couples have
been found who may have a homosexual relationship and who are living at
the same address. Three out of five of these couples consist of males.
Only 2 thousand couples, mostly females, live with one or more
children. Half the number of all same-sex couples without children live
in the highly urbanised municipalities. These findings correspond with
studies on the prevalence of homosexuality."
Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
62:40388 Dankmeyer, Ben. Long run
opportunity-costs of children according to education of the mother in
the Netherlands. Journal of Population Economics, Vol. 9, No. 3,
1996. 349-61 pp. New York, New York/Berlin, Germany. In Eng.
"Children claim a large part of the parents' potential
resources, particularly their time. Direct time costs arise through the
time spent out of the labour force while the children are small,
indirect costs are the result of lower investment into human capital.
It is demonstrated in this paper that the average opportunity costs of
children of lower educated mothers [in the Netherlands] can be higher
than those of higher educated mothers."
Correspondence:
B. Dankmeyer, University of Amsterdam, Department of Economics,
Roeterstraat 11, 1018 WB Amsterdam, Netherlands. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
62:40389 Derouet, Bernard.
Nuptiality and family reproduction in male-inheritance systems:
reflections on the example of the Franche-Comté
(seventeenth-eighteenth centuries). History of the Family, Vol. 1,
No. 2, 1996. 139-58 pp. Greenwich, Connecticut/London, England. In Eng.
"The family system practiced in the rural Franche-Comté
[France] until the nineteenth century was based on egalitarian
inheritance among sons and on the exclusion of daughters; as such, it
was associated with distinct Malthusian nuptiality. This system cannot
be understood without an examination of the formation and dynamics of a
type of family that included frequent stages of undivided patrimony and
coresidence in a context giving little encouragement to neolocal
marriage and to the independence of sons. A comparative perspective
suggests certain similarities with the stem family system, despite
differences in inheritance norms.... Acceptance of the common idea of a
contrast between impartible and partible inheritance should be highly
qualified, insofar as partibility can hide various patterns of social
reproduction. Different kinds of joint family household systems must be
distinguished carefully, for they have neither the same significance
nor imply the same demographic patterns."
Correspondence:
B. Derouet, Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Sciences Sociales, Centre
de Recherches Historiques, 54 Boulevard Raspail, 75006 Paris, France.
Location: Princeton University Library (PR).
62:40390 Echarri Cánovas, Carlos
J. Households and families in Mexico: analyzing them
through sample surveys. [Hogares y familias en México: una
aproximación a su análisis mediante encuestas por
muestreo.] Estudios Demográficos y Urbanos, Vol. 10, No. 2,
May-Aug 1995. 245-93, 483 pp. Mexico City, Mexico. In Spa. with sum. in
Eng.
"This study analyzes some characteristics of Mexican
households through a poorly exploited source of information: the
household questionnaires of national sampling fertility surveys. First
of all, we review socio-demographic literature on households and
families, particularly from Latin America and Mexico. Then we analyze
the meaning and determining factors of household headship....Afterwards
we analyze two household characteristics: family composition--size,
relationship of each member with the head, existence of complete or
incomplete family nucleus--and living conditions within the
dwelling--occupation density, building material, and availability of
water supply and sanitation."
Correspondence: C. J.
Echarri Cánovas, El Colegio de México, Centro de Estudios
Demográficos y de Desarrollo Urbano, Camino al Ajusco 20, 10740
Mexico City, DF, Mexico. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
62:40391 Fialová, Ludmila.
Demography of children in the Czech Republic in the 1980s.
[Demografie o detech v Ceské republice v 80. letech.]
Demografie, Vol. 38, No. 2, 1996. 90-104 pp. Prague, Czech Republic. In
Cze. with sum. in Eng.
The author analyzes demographic trends
affecting children in the Czech Republic in the 1980s. Aspects
considered include parental age, employment status of mothers, divorce
and remarriage, marriage patterns and living arrangements of young
adults, and births outside marriage.
Correspondence: L.
Fialová, 250 66 Zdiby 16, Prague východ, Czech Republic.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
62:40392 Garasky, Steven; Meyer, Daniel
R. Reconsidering the increase in father-only
families. Demography, Vol. 33, No. 3, Aug 1996. 385-93 pp. Silver
Spring, Maryland. In Eng.
"Previously reported estimates of
rapid growth rates among father-only families [in the United States]
did not account for cohabitation. An explicit treatment of cohabitation
removes about half of the presumed growth. Nevertheless, we find that
the number of father-only families grew at more than double the rate of
mother-only families during the 1980s. Decomposition analyses show that
the largest factor associated with the increase is that fathers now
head a greater proportion of all formerly married single-parent
families with children. Although the share of single-parent families
headed by fathers is larger in 1990 than in 1980 even after controlling
for cohabitation, it is smaller than in
1970."
Correspondence: S. Garasky, Iowa State
University, Human Development and Family Studies, 1089 LeBaron Hall,
Ames, IA 50011. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
62:40393 Gee, Ellen M.; Mitchell, Barbara A.;
Wister, Andrew V. Returning to the parental
"nest": exploring a changing Canadian life course.
Canadian Studies in Population, Vol. 22, No. 2, 1995. 121-44 pp.
Alberta, Canada. In Eng. with sum. in Fre.
"In this paper, we
focus on the phenomenon of young adult children returning to live at
home, drawing upon a random sample of 218 returners and 202
home-leavers (non-returners) in the Greater Vancouver area in 1993-94.
First, a descriptive account of returning home is provided on three
dimensions: age at events (e.g., first home-leaving, first return);
number of returns (single vs. multiple returns); and reasons for
returning home. Age, sex, and marital status variations are also
explored. Second, a proportional hazards analysis is performed on the
rate of returning home, using several variables drawn from the life
course perspective. The major predictors of returning home include:
child's marital status, reason for leaving home, child's main activity,
family type, and age at home-leaving. Theoretical implications of the
results regarding families and life course transitions are
discussed."
Correspondence: E. M. Gee, Simon Fraser
University, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
62:40394 Gensler, Howard. The
effect of welfare on the family size of single female household
heads. International Journal of Sociology of the Family, Vol. 26,
No. 1, Spring 1996. 77-88 pp. New Delhi, India. In Eng.
"The
effect of welfare on family size is estimated by means of an ordered
probit analysis on single female household heads. A multiyear
cross-sectional pooled data set derived from the U.S. Census Bureau's
Current Population Survey over the period 1979 to 1990 is analyzed.
Behavioral impacts from a range of economic variables are consistent in
sign with theoretical predictions, and are of reasonable magnitudes. A
$1,000 increase in the amount of welfare per child can be expected to
increase family size by 6.7 percent for single female-headed
households."
Correspondence: H. Gensler, Hong Kong
University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong
Kong. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
62:40395 Hall, Ray. Households,
families and fertility. In: Europe's population: towards the next
century, edited by Ray Hall and Paul White. 1995. 34-50 pp. UCL Press:
London, England. In Eng.
In this chapter, the author examines
changes in families and households in Europe over the past two decades
and speculates on the future of the family. Topics covered include
changing attitudes toward sex, changing marriage patterns, divorce,
cohabitation, fertility outside marriage, fertility trends, and new
forms of households. The author concludes that "it is difficult to
imagine a reverse or retreat of women back into the home and therefore
it is difficult to envisage higher order births ever becoming
widespread again. Future changes in Europe's population will arise from
changes in the structure and organization of the family and
particularly how the tensions between women's various roles and the
family can be resolved."
Correspondence: R. Hall,
University of London, Queen Mary and Westfield College, Department of
Geography, 327 Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, England. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
62:40396 Handa, Sudhanshu. The
determinants of female headship in Jamaica: results from a structural
model. Economic Development and Cultural Change, Vol. 44, No. 4,
Jul 1996. 793-815 pp. Chicago, Illinois. In Eng.
The determinants
of female family headship in Jamaica are examined, with particular
reference to the economic forces that lead to female headship.
"The first section provides a sociological review of the Jamaican
family structure, Section II outlines an economic model of household
headship and considers some of its testable implications, Sections III
and IV discuss the sample and present the results of the estimation
procedure, and Section V concludes the discussion." The author
concludes that "estimates from the structural probit model provide
support for a theory that outside opportunities, or threat points,
influence the household formation decision of adult women in Jamaica.
An increase in the expected level of their own consumption and their
children's welfare, associated with being a household head,
significantly increases the probability of becoming a
head."
Correspondence: S. Handa, University of the
West Indies, Mona, Kingston 7, Jamaica. Location: Princeton
University Library (PF).
62:40397 Hao, Lingxin. Family
structure, private transfers, and the economic well-being of families
with children. Social Forces, Vol. 75, No. 1, Sep 1996. 269-92 pp.
Chapel Hill, North Carolina. In Eng.
"This study examines the
relationship between family structure, private transfers, and the
economic well-being of families with children under 18 [in the United
States]. We use family wealth as a measure of economic well-being....We
examine family structure beyond marital status to include remarriage,
cohabitation, and the gender of single parenthood. We focus on
financial transfers from both kin and nonkin. After analyzing the
distribution of family wealth and transfers by family structure, we
estimate the effects of family structure, transfers, and their
interaction on family wealth. Drawing on data from the National Survey
of Families and Households (1987-88), we find that (1) family net
wealth and total private transfers vary with family structure along
three lines, marriage-remarriage, marriage-cohabitation, and
male-female single parenthood; (2) marriage is a wealth-enhancing
institution; (3) private transfers promote family net wealth; and (4)
marriage reinforces the promoting effect of private transfers on family
wealth."
Correspondence: L. Hao, University of Iowa,
Department of Sociology, W140 Seashore Hall, Iowa City, IA 52242.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
62:40398 Hoffmann-Nowotny,
Hans-Joachim. Partnership--marriage--family. Views and
insights. [Partnerschaft--Ehe--Familie. Ansichten und Einsichten.]
Zeitschrift für Bevölkerungswissenschaft, Vol. 21, No. 2,
1996. 111-30 pp. Wiesbaden, Germany. In Ger. with sum. in Eng; Fre.
"The remarks in the first section of the article are intended
to establish a certain `clarity' with respect to the results of
research currently available regarding [partnership, marriage, and the
family]. This is to be accomplished by presenting the results of a
content analysis conducted for three German and one American scholarly
journals during the period 1991 to 1995 [and by theoretical and
methodological critiques]. The second section contains an examination
of an especially `ambiguous' object of research in family sociology,
namely the de-institutionalisation of forms of social relationships.
The author also examines this topic critically in an attempt both to
offer explanations and to establish `new
clarity'."
Correspondence: H.-J. Hoffmann-Nowotny,
Universität Zürich, Soziologisches Institut, Rämistrasse
69, 8001 Zurich, Switzerland. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
62:40399 Horský, Jan. A
study on historical family formation from the sixteenth to the
eighteenth century. [Studium historického
utvárení rodiny v 16. az 18. století.] Demografie,
Vol. 38, No. 3, 1996. 165-72 pp. Prague, Czech Republic. In Cze. with
sum. in Eng.
The author discusses family formation and
characteristics in Bohemia from the sixteenth to the eighteenth
century. Aspects considered include living arrangements, family status
by age, marriage age, and ethnicity.
Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
62:40400 Kuijsten, Anton C.
Changing family patterns in Europe: a case of divergence?
European Journal of Population/Revue Européenne de
Démographie, Vol. 12, No. 2, Jun 1996. 115-43 pp. Dordrecht,
Netherlands. In Eng. with sum. in Fre.
"Over the past decades,
European countries have witnessed rather uniform trends in basic
demographic indicators of fertility and of family formation and
dissolution....Quite contrary to the ideas of the general public and
the expectations of some experts, whatever the degree of convergence
that is really there, the effect has not been a trend towards
convergence of household and, especially, family patterns.
Pluralization of household and family patterns can indeed be observed
everywhere, but in each case this pluralization has another face, as it
is influenced by cultural and policy differences. This will be
demonstrated with the help of a presentation of preliminary results of
an international comparative research project in ten European countries
that was recently carried out."
Correspondence: A. C.
Kuijsten, University of Amsterdam, Department of Planning and
Demography, Nieuwe Prinsengracht 130, 1018 VZ Amsterdam, Netherlands.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
62:40401 Lauterbach, Wolfgang.
Family generations in modern societies or: generational
rhythm. [Familiengenerationen in modernen Gesellschaften oder: der
Rhythmus der Generationen.] Gesellschaft und Familie Arbeitspapier, No.
17, Aug 1995. [vii], 39 pp. Universität Konstanz,
Sozialwissenschaftliche Fakultät: Konstanz, Germany. In Ger. with
sum. in Eng.
The author describes a research project that has as
its objective "the empirical analysis of the effects of
demographic processes, historical events and social welfare state
regulations on intergenerational family structures, transfer processes,
options and restrictions." The focus is on Germany. Some results
concerning three-generation family structures involving grandchildren
and grandparents are discussed.
Correspondence:
Universität Konstanz, Sozialwissenschaftliche Fakultät,
FG Soziologie, Postfach 5560 D33, 78434 Konstanz, Germany.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
62:40402 Lee, Gary R. Economies
and families: a further investigation of the curvilinear
hypothesis. Journal of Comparative Family Studies, Vol. 27, No. 2,
Summer 1996. 353-72 pp. Calgary, Canada. In Eng. with sum. in Fre; Spa.
The relationship between the complexity of a given society and
family complexity is reexamined in the light of previous studies. Data
are from an ethnographic atlas published in 1967. Treating family and
marital structure as separate dimensions, the author concludes that
"several components of societal complexity predict the occurrence
of frequent polygyny much more effectively than they predict variation
in family structure."
Correspondence: G. R. Lee,
University of Florida, Department of Sociology, Gainesville, FL 32611.
Location: Princeton University Library (PR).
62:40403 Mason, Andrew.
Population, housing, and the economy. In: The impact of
population growth on well-being in developing countries, edited by
Dennis A. Ahlburg, Allen C. Kelley, and Karen O. Mason. 1996. 175-218
pp. Springer-Verlag: New York, New York/Berlin, Germany. In Eng.
The author examines the interrelations among population growth,
housing, and the economy in Asia. "The first section focuses on
household demography, i.e., how slowing population growth is affecting
the number and demographic characteristics of households in Asia....The
second section is concerned with the relationship between population
growth and the quality and price of housing....The third section of the
report reviews evidence regarding the...hypothesis...that rapid
population growth slows economic development by diverting investment to
the housing sector and away from more `growth oriented'
uses."
Correspondence: A. Mason, East-West Center,
Program on Population, 1777 East-West Road, Honolulu, HI 96848.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
62:40404 McDonald, Peter.
Families in Australia: a socio-demographic perspective. ISBN
0-642-22426-9. 1995. 65 pp. Australian Institute of Family Studies:
Melbourne, Australia. In Eng.
"This book examines the changes
that have been occurring in family life in Australia over the past 30
years from a social and demographic perspective. Future directions for
the family in Australia are also discussed." Topics covered
include defining families, cultural differences, families beyond the
household, households, leaving the parental home, marriage patterns,
families and the labor force, having children, divorce and remarriage,
aging, and the future of the family.
Correspondence:
Australian Institute of Family Studies, 300 Queen Street,
Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
62:40405 Mukiza-Gapere, Jackson; Ntozi, James
P. M. Impact of AIDS on the family and mortality in
Uganda. Health Transition Review, Vol. 5, Suppl., 1995. 191-200
pp. Canberra, Australia. In Eng.
"This paper reports the
findings of a study on the impact of AIDS on the family and mortality
covering six districts in...Uganda....The information collected in the
elders' survey covered household composition, mortality, morbidity and
their causes, impact of AIDS on the family, general health status of
the community and migration....This survey shows that a new structure
is emerging for households in Uganda. Households are headed by widows,
widowers, single women and even children under 18 years of age as well
as orphans. Widows are heading the households because the old practice
of widow inheritance by brothers-in-law is disappearing since they fear
contracting HIV from the widow. Widowers are also finding it difficult
to get remarried because women are afraid of being infected by
them."
Correspondence: J. Mukiza-Gapere, Makerere
University, Institute of Statistics and Applied Economics, Kampala,
Uganda. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
62:40406 Pathak, K. B.; Pandey, Arvind; Shajy,
K. I. A study of the implications of changes in family
dynamics in India: 1971-1988. IIPS Research Report Series, No. 16,
1994-1995. 33 pp. International Institute for Population Sciences
[IIPS]: Mumbai, India. In Eng.
"This research has examined the
implications of demographic transition (fertility and mortality
changes) on kinship relationships in India during 1971-1988. Three
simulations based on the schedules of fertility and mortality of India
during 1971, 1981, and 1988 have been
undertaken...."
Correspondence: International
Institute for Population Sciences, Govandi Station Road, Deonar, Mumbai
400 088, India. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
62:40407 Quesnel, André; Vimard,
Patrice. Family reconstitutions and agrarian changes. Case
studies from Africa and Mexico. [Recompositions familiales et
transformations agraires. Une lecture de cas africains et mexicain.]
ETS Documents de Recherche, No. 1, Jun 1996. 23 pp. Equipe de Recherche
Transition de la Fécondité et Santé de la
Reproduction [ETS]: Marseilles, France; Institut Français de
Recherche Scientifique pour le Développement en
Coopération [ORSTOM]: Paris, France. In Fre. with sum. in Eng.
"This paper investigates the question of agricultural, family
and demographic innovations in the context of agrarian evolution in
developing countries. This analysis uses case studies from rural
societies in Togo, Côte-d'Ivoire and Yucatán (Mexico) to
illustrate the limitations of Boserup and Chayanov's models. It shows
that changes in family and demographic cycles and systems follow
agrarian evolution and population growth resulting from market
integration. This is the reason why agricultural innovation cannot
proceed directly from demographic pressure and remains dependant on
organisational transformations of the family and production units.
Innovation, which is a source of change in farming systems in which
women and the youth play an increasing role, is thus primarily a social
phenomenon and cancels most often the constraints that could have led
to technical progress."
Correspondence: Equipe de
Recherche Transition de la Fécondité et Santé de
la Reproduction, ORSTOM/LPE, Case 10, Centre St. Charles, 3 Place
Victor Hugo, 13331 Marseilles Cedex 3, France. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
62:40408 Roloff, Juliane. Family
formation and the desire for children in Germany: family income, child
costs, and their influence on reproductive behavior decisions.
[Familienbildung und Kinderwunsch in Deutschland: Familieneinkommen,
Kinderkosten und deren Einfluß auf generative
Verhaltensentscheidungen.] Materialien zur
Bevölkerungswissenschaft, No. 82d, 1996. 122 pp. Bundesinstitut
für Bevölkerungsforschung: Wiesbaden, Germany. In Ger.
Data from the 1992 Fertility and Family Survey in Germany are used
to examine family income, the cost of living, and the cost of children.
The relationship among family income, the subjective perception of the
family's financial situation, and the desire for children is then
analyzed. A final section deals with the relationship between income
and the acceptance of family policy measures, and with the impact of
family policy measures on reproductive decisions. Comparisons are made
between the former East and West Germany.
Correspondence:
Bundesinstitut für Bevölkerungsforschung, 65180
Wiesbaden, Germany. Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
62:40409 Sasai, Tsukasa. Trends
and determinants of household structure in China. Jinko Mondai
Kenkyu/Journal of Population Problems, Vol. 51, No. 3, Oct 1995. 20-35
pp. Tokyo, Japan. In Jpn.
Changes in household structure in China
are analyzed. The focus is on the period 1953-1991.
Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
62:40410 Schlesinger, Benjamin.
Lone-parent families in cross-cultural perspectives: ethnic and
immigration issues. International Journal of Sociology of the
Family, Vol. 26, No. 1, Spring 1996. 89-105 pp. New Delhi, India. In
Eng.
"One-parent families represent about 10-20 percent of all
families in Europe, North America, New Zealand and Australia. About 90
percent are headed by women, who have become heads of households mainly
due to divorce, separation, and never-married status. The presentation
will review existing research and data related to cross-cultural
one-parent families. The topics covered include routes to lone
parenthood, characteristics common among female-headed families,
positive and negative aspects of this type of family, up-to-date
statistics, and a discussion of children living in one-parent families.
Implications for immigration and ethnicity issues will be included...as
well as research implications and intervention strategies for the
one-parent family."
Correspondence: B. Schlesinger,
University of Toronto, 100 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M52 1A1,
Canada. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
62:40411 Zhao, Zhongwei. The
demographic transition in Victorian England and changes in English
kinship networks. Continuity and Change, Vol. 11, No. 2, Aug 1996.
243-72 pp. Cambridge, England. In Eng. with sum. in Fre; Ger.
"Starting with a brief examination of the rapid demographic
changes--particularly in mortality and fertility--which took place in
England during the Victorian period and the radically different
demographic experiences of the 1851-1855 and 1901-1905 birth cohorts,
this study focuses on the impact of these changing demographic
conditions upon English kinship networks and family support systems.
Changes in kinship patterns over the life course have been examined at
the level of individuals by using a computer microsimulation system,
CAMSIM. The simulation exercise makes it possible to see the effects of
fertility and mortality transition upon the number and types of kin who
were alive and present, and thus potentially available for family-based
support, for each simulated individual."
Correspondence:
Z. Zhao, University of New South Wales, School of Sociology,
Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
