Studies with an emphasis on locational patterns and their interpretation.
Studies of rural and urban populations considered together. Studies that are concerned primarily with the movement of population are classified under H. Migration . Studies concerned with the definition of urban or rural areas and with boundary changes are classified here or in O.1. Population Statistics, General Aspects .
62:40057 Borgegård, Lars-Erik;
Håkansson, Johan; Malmberg, Gunnar. Population
redistribution in Sweden--long term trends and contemporary
tendencies. Geografiska Annaler, Series B: Human Geography, Vol.
77, No. 1, 1995. 31-45 pp. Oslo, Norway. In Eng.
Long-term trends
in the spatial distribution of the population of Sweden are analyzed in
this study. "Two geographical levels, the national and the local,
are analysed in a long term perspective, [from] 1750 until 1990. The
measure of concentration used is the Hoover-index on [the] county
level. Some major determinants affecting population distribution are
stressed; demographic components, economic geographic conditions,
socio-economic structure, attitudes and population policy. During the
last few decades the traditional trend of population has been broken
and one finding is that concentration and dispersion is going on
simultaneously on the national and the local
level."
Correspondence: L.-E. Borgegård,
Umeå University, Department of Geography, 901 87 Umeå,
Sweden. Location: New York Public Library, New York, NY.
62:40058 Dorling, Daniel; Atkins,
David. Population density, change and concentration in
Great Britain 1971, 1981 and 1991. Studies on Medical and
Population Subjects, No. 58, ISBN 0-11-691628-1. 1995. vi, 61 pp.
Office of Population Censuses and Surveys [OPCS]: London, England. In
Eng.
"The purpose of this study is to describe how the local
areas in which people live in Britain have changed over the last two
decades in the most simple way--through their population density. This
has been done for a number of reasons. Firstly, basic changes in the
distribution of the population are of interest to researchers ranging
from those who study the spread of diseases to those who speculate
about future property prices. Secondly, this study provides a simple
illustration of how characteristics of the population can be compared
over time and across many small areas in Britain using new mapping and
statistical techniques. Thirdly, the study introduces a derived dataset
which makes local change over time analysis possible by combining data
from the 1971, 1981 and 1991 Censuses of Population for the same large
set of small areas."
Correspondence: Office of
Population Censuses and Surveys, St. Catherine's House, 10 Kingsway,
London WC2B 6JP, England. Location: University of Wisconsin,
Center for Demography Library, Madison, WI.
62:40059 Gatzweiler, Hans-Peter.
Settlement trends and settlement policies in Germany: Germany's
national report to the Habitat II conference.
[Siedlungsentwicklung und Siedlungspolitik in Deutschland:
Nationalbericht Deutschland zur Konferenz Habitat II.] Raumforschung
und Raumordnung, Vol. 54, No. 2-3, Mar-Jun 1996. 129-36 pp. Bonn,
Germany. In Ger.
This is a summary of the national report created
by the German government's research institute for spatial development
to be presented to the United Nation's Habitat II conference in
May-June 1996. The report was passed to the Bundestag for ratification
on January 24, 1996. It describes current settlement trends in Germany
and outlines the policies followed to improve permanently the living
standards and environmental conditions of the population. The issues
addressed primarily concern environmentally sustainable and socially
responsible urban and suburban development.
Correspondence:
H.-P. Gatzweiler, Bundesforschungsanstalt für Landeskunde und
Raumordnung, Am Michaelshof 8, 53177 Bonn, Germany. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
Studies of urban populations, including those of metropolitan areas and suburban and semi-urban zones. Also includes studies on urbanization insofar as they relate to the effects of migration on urban areas or the socioeconomic and demographic structure of urban populations. Studies on the actual process of rural-urban migration are coded under H.6. Rural-Urban Migration .
62:40060 Chavez Galindo, Ana M.; Savenberg,
Sandra. Central Mexico: from suburbanization toward
megalopolization. [Le centre du Méxique: de la
suburbanisation vers la mégalopolisation.] Population, Vol. 51,
No. 3, May-Jun 1996. 756-66 pp. Paris, France. In Fre.
The authors
describe the changes in migration affecting the Mexico City urban area
and the surrounding states, and study the relationship between these
changes and the urban development of the country. They conclude that
from 1980 to 1990, migration patterns shifted significantly.
Previously, the net flow had been toward the core of the urban area;
now the flow has reversed itself, and more people are moving away from
the center to the wider periphery. As a result, the towns and cities of
the greater Mexico City area are experiencing
growth.
Correspondence: A. M. Chavez Galindo, Universidad
Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Del.
Coyoacán, 04510 Mexico City, DF, Mexico. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
62:40061 Fargues, Philippe. The
urbanization of the Arab world: the demographic aspect.
[L'urbanisation du monde arabe: un éclairage
démographique.] Egypte/Monde Arabe, No. 22, Apr-Jun 1995. 43-62
pp. Paris, France. In Fre.
The author explores the reasons why
demographers in recent years have paid less attention than previously
to questions concerning urbanization, its causes, and consequences.
Using the example of urbanization in the Arab countries, the author
suggests that demographers have a more useful contribution to make to
the study of urbanization at the regional level than at the global
level. Particular attention is given to the example of the Egyptian
capital, Cairo.
Correspondence: P. Fargues, Centre d'Etudes
et de Documentation Juridique, Economique et Sociale, P.O. Box 494,
Dokki, Cairo, Egypt. Location: Princeton University Library
(SY).
62:40062 Gugler, Josef. The urban
transformation of the developing world. ISBN 0-19-874158-8. LC
95-34814. 1996. xviii, 327 pp. Oxford University Press: New York, New
York/Oxford, England. In Eng.
This is a collection of eight studies
by various authors on aspects of urbanization in developing countries.
The general approach is interdisciplinary. It is suggested that
"the urban transformation of the globe may come to be seen as the
lasting legacy of the twentieth century. Already close to half the
world's population lives in urban settlements....More than one and a
half billion people live in the cities of the South. Within little more
than a generation their number will triple." The first essay
examines regional differences in urbanization among the developing
regions. The next five examine urbanization in Asia as a whole, and in
China, India, Indonesia, and the Arab world in particular. The last two
chapters look at Sub-Saharan Africa and Latin
America.
Correspondence: Oxford University Press, Walton
Street, Oxford OX2 6DP, England. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
62:40063 Hammel, Daniel J.; Wyly, Elvin
K. A model for identifying gentrified areas with census
data. Urban Geography, Vol. 17, No. 3, Apr-May 1996. 248-68 pp.
Palm Beach, Florida. In Eng.
This study concerns the identification
of areas in U.S. cities undergoing gentrification. The authors
"develop a model relating tract-level census statistics to the
results of a detailed field survey of 24 census tracts in
Minneapolis-St. Paul. We use stepwise and canonical discriminant
analysis to select nine variables distinguishing gentrified
neighborhoods and to classify all central-city tracts for each decade
between 1960 and 1990. Results indicate a moderate level of overall
accuracy, and the model is more than 90% accurate in distinguishing
areas of heavy reinvestment from stable, middle-class
districts."
Correspondence: D. J. Hammel, Illinois
State University, Department of Geography and Geology, Normal, IL
61790-4400. Location: Princeton University Library (PR).
62:40064 Keyfitz, Nathan.
Internal migration and urbanization. In: Resources and
population: natural, institutional, and demographic dimensions of
development, edited by Bernardo Colombo, Paul Demeny, and Max F.
Perutz. 1996. 269-85 pp. Clarendon Press: Oxford, England. In Eng.
This is a general review of contemporary trends in rural-urban
migration and urbanization in developing countries. The author examines
the reasons for and consequences of the rapid growth of cities in the
developing world. Some possible solutions to the resulting problems of
overurbanization are presented.
Correspondence: N. Keyfitz,
International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Population
Program, 2361 Laxenburg, Austria. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
62:40065 Nucci, Alfred; Long, Larry.
Spatial and demographic dynamics of metropolitan and
nonmetropolitan territory in the United States. International
Journal of Population Geography, Vol. 1, No. 2, Dec 1995. 165-81 pp.
Chichester, England. In Eng.
"Population in [U.S.]
nonmetropolitan territory is growing more slowly in the 1990s than the
total population of metropolitan areas, but several features of the
nonmetropolitan `turnaround' of the 1970s have returned. Our study
starts with metropolitan areas as bounded in 1963, and analyses
subsequent population change in these areas and in counties added to
their expanding fringe by 1973, 1983, and 1993; then we added in new
metropolitan areas recognised as of these dates, and subsequent
addition of counties to their fringes. For these territorial aggregates
we analyse natural increase, net migration, and change in the native
and foreign-born populations....[The results reveal] that the rise
between 1960 and 1994 in the percentage of Americans who live in
metropolitan areas can be attributed entirely to territory reclassified
during this period to the metropolitan sector from the nonmetropolitan
sector."
Correspondence: L. Long, U.S. Bureau of the
Census, Housing and Household Economic Statistics Division, Washington,
D.C. 20233. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
62:40066 Polèse, Mario; Wolfe, Jeanne
M.; Lefebvre, Sylvain. Urbanization in developing
countries. [L'urbanisation des pays en développement.] ISBN
2-7178-2875-3. 1995. 529 pp. Economica: Paris, France. In Fre.
This
is a collection of 16 papers by 38 authors associated with the Groupe
Interuniversitaire de Montréal Villes et Développement,
which represents an interdisciplinary approach to the study of
urbanization in developing countries. The papers are grouped into four
categories: understanding the urbanization process from economic and
demographic perspectives through analytical techniques and models;
strategies of adaptation to urban conditions, including problems of
housing, acculturation, and the provision of services; problems of
urban government and administration; and managing urbanization in the
context of development.
Correspondence: Economica, 49 rue
Héricart, 75015 Paris, France. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
62:40067 Roseman, Curtis C.; Laux, Hans D.;
Thieme, Günter. EthniCity: geographic perspectives on
ethnic change in modern cities. ISBN 0-8476-8032-0. LC 95-30780.
1996. xxviii, 309 pp. Rowman and Littlefield: Lanham, Maryland/London,
England. In Eng.
This book presents a selection of 13 studies by
various authors on aspects of migration flows from developing countries
to urban areas in developed countries. These migration flows have
resulted in urban populations of considerable ethnic diversity, here
called EthniCities. "This book focuses on geographical processes
and concomitant socioeconomic and political issues associated with
ethnic diversity in a variety of urban areas in eleven countries.
Although varying in size, complexity, and historical background, each
of these urban areas contains ethnic diversity that is of crucial
importance to fundamental issues facing their respective societies. In
some cases the population size and residential spatial distribution of
some or all ethnic groups have been relatively stable; in many other
cases these dimensions have changed very rapidly in the last few
years."
Correspondence: Rowman and Littlefield, 4720
Boston Way, Lanham, MD 20706. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
62:40068 Rowland, Richard H.
Russia's disappearing towns: new evidence of urban decline,
1979-1994. Post-Soviet Geography and Economics, Vol. 37, No. 2,
Feb 1996. 63-87 pp. Palm Beach, Florida. In Eng.
"A specialist
on the urban geography of Russia and the USSR presents findings from
important new sources of data that shed additional light on the
phenomenon of urban population decline. The analysis focuses on
regional patterns of urban decline in the late Soviet period through
1994, and investigates the functional characteristics of towns and
cities that are experiencing population decline or even disappearing
altogether. Complementing earlier work on the subject by the author,
the present research extends the analysis to include all officially
designated urban places in Russia."
Correspondence: R.
H. Rowland, California State University, Department of Geography, 5500
University Parkway, San Bernardino, CA 92407-2397. Location:
Princeton University Library (PR).
62:40069 Yin, Wenyao. A
comparative study on the structure of population size at the provincial
level in China. Chinese Journal of Population Science, Vol. 8, No.
1, 1996. 23-39 pp. New York, New York. In Eng.
"This article
presents a detailed analysis of the characteristics and typologies of
the distribution of population rankings and population sequences at the
provincial level in China. It closely examines the gaps between
population size structures and their changes in cities under various
provinces. The purpose of this paper is to discover the internal
linkage between city population size structure and the pace of economic
development and urbanization. Findings...confirm the fact that priority
development for high-ranking cities and multi-scale coordination are
the two aspects which, as a unity of opposites in urban population
systems, produce a joint effect on the level of economic development
and the pace of urbanization."
Correspondence: W. Yin,
Hangzhou University, Population and Development Research Institute, 34
Tian Mu Shan Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
62:40070 Zhu, Junming. An
analysis of the social space structure of population in the Shanghai
municipality. Chinese Journal of Population Science, Vol. 8, No.
1, 1996. 87-102 pp. New York, New York. In Eng.
"Data used in
this article come from three sources: the third and fourth population
censuses in Shanghai, the residential housing survey, and the aerial,
remote sensing survey of land utility. Using principal components and
clustering analysis techniques, this article analyzes the social space
structure of population in the Shanghai city proper. Findings suggest
that the key factors leading to the formation of the social space
structure divided among Shanghai's population are primarily reflected
in the six composite social variables of population: educational
structure, degree of population density, gender and occupational
structure, immigrant population, living conditions, and marital
status."
Correspondence: J. Zhu, Beijing University,
Population Research Institute, Hai Dian, Beijing, China. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
Studies of agricultural and farming populations.
62:40071 Smailes, Peter J.
Demographic response to rural restructuring and counterurbanisation
in South Australia, 1981-1991. International Journal of Population
Geography, Vol. 2, No. 3, Sep 1996. 261-87 pp. Chichester, England. In
Eng.
"Using South Australia as a case study, this paper seeks
to trace and demonstrate two processes (counterurbanisation and rural
restructuring) whose effects overlap to differentiate and characterise
the population geography of...two zones, separated by a transition
along the outer fringe of Adelaide's urban field....In the demographic
core zone [rural restructuring] has been partly offset by continued
counterurbanisation, resulting in demographic mixing and rural
dilution. The 1981-91 population growth in rural communities is shown
to be more a function of population density at the outset of the period
than of initial population size. Demographic growth...is shown to
conform to a simple unidimensional scale, allowing the production of a
clear, easily interpretable typology of rural demographic change with
few non-conforming statistical areas. At a local level within
individual rural communities, demographic decline is shown to be
accompanied by increased concentration of the population into small
towns, while demographic growth is associated with
deconcentration."
Correspondence: P. J. Smailes,
University of Adelaide, Department of Geography, Adelaide, SA 5005,
Australia. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
