Studies concerned with the relations between population factors as a whole and noneconomic factors. Relations affecting a single demographic variable are coded under the variable concerned and not in this division. Studies concerned equally with economic and social factors are coded under K.1.1. General Economic Development and Population .
Studies on interrelations with education, religion, social change, and socioeconomic status.
62:30669 Gulbrandsen, Lars.
Social homogamy and income distribution. In: Demography,
economy and welfare, edited by Christer Lundh. 1995. 89-105 pp. Lund
University Press: Lund, Sweden; Chartwell-Bratt: Bromley, England. In
Eng.
"The level of education in the Norwegian population has
risen markedly over the past 25 years. Norway has also taken a
significant step towards greater equality between men and women. Based
on the changes that have taken place, this article presents an analysis
of the relationship between degree of social homogamy and income
distribution at family level. Has greater equality at the level of the
individual led to greater socio-economic differences at the level of
the family? To what extent are such differences correlated with social
background, or have new differences emerged which are mainly based on
married and cohabiting couples' own social
position?"
Correspondence: L. Gulbrandsen, Institute
of Applied Social Research, Oslo, Norway. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
62:30670 He, Chengjin; Chen, Caixia.
Household economy and population survey on a large
agriculture-oriented county. Chinese Journal of Population
Science, Vol. 7, No. 4, 1995. 349-61 pp. New York, New York. In Eng.
"In China...the ratio of the elderly people to the total
population has been rising....On the one hand, this change will have an
impact on the traditional pattern of family support for the elderly,
forcing it to become less family oriented and more socialized; on the
other hand, it will pose a question for the social and economic powers
in China--especially in central and western China--about whether or not
they can meet the challenge of socialized support for the elderly. At
the same time, elderly support is related to other population issues,
particularly that of family planning. With these and other questions in
mind, we recently made an investigative trip to Renshou County, Sichuan
Province [China]." Results of the investigation are presented in
this paper.
Correspondence: C. He, Sichuan University,
Population Research Institute, 29 Wangjianglu, Jiuyanqiao, Chengdu,
Sichuan, China. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
62:30671 Jensen, Svend E. H.; Nielsen,
Søren B. Demographic transition and old age
provision in Denmark. In: Demography, economy and welfare, edited
by Christer Lundh. 1995. 143-60 pp. Lund University Press: Lund,
Sweden; Chartwell-Bratt: Bromley, England. In Eng.
The authors
investigate the nature and implications of demographic change in
Denmark. "The first part is descriptive, including an overview of
both past and projected demographic developments (section 2) and a
brief characterization of existing pension systems in Denmark (section
3). The second part is more analytically based, including an analysis
of the consequences for public expenditure of changing demographics
(section 4) and a discussion of some macroeconomic and distributional
aspects of population aging (section 5). Finally, section 6 sums
up."
Correspondence: S. E. H. Jensen, Copenhagen
Business School, Economic Policy Research Unit, Struensesgade 7-9, 2200
Copenhagen N, Denmark. Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
62:30672 Kruse, Agneta. An ageing
population, public expenditure and the pension system in Sweden.
In: Demography, economy and welfare, edited by Christer Lundh. 1995.
161-77 pp. Lund University Press: Lund, Sweden; Chartwell-Bratt:
Bromley, England. In Eng.
"The aim of this paper is to analyse
the effects of demographic structure and demographic changes on public
expenditure and revenue, with special emphasis on the public pension
system, which is organised as a pay-as-you-go system. The official
forecasts for the Swedish pension system are based on only one
population forecast, viz Statistics Sweden's main alternative. By
combining a population model with a model of the Swedish pension
system, the effects of different demographic scenarios can be
illustrated."
Correspondence: A. Kruse, University of
Lund, Department of Economics, P.O. Box 117, 221 00 Lund, Sweden.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
62:30673 Li, Jianmin. Community
development: an important way for coordinating development of
population and social economy in rural areas of China. Chinese
Journal of Population Science, Vol. 7, No. 3, 1995. 223-8 pp. New York,
New York. In Eng.
"Community is a basic social unit embodying
extensive and complex social and economic relationships. Communities
constitute the basic layer of social and economic relationships and
activities in rural areas of China. Comprehensive development of
communities is the basis for and route to socio-economic growth in
rural China; it also has a positive effect on population. On the one
hand, it will promote the development of various economic factors in
favor of decreased childbirth and greater quality in child rearing; and
on the other hand, it can create a social environment that helps change
the expected social value of children."
Correspondence:
J. Li, Nankai University, Research Institute of Population and
Development, Balitai, Tianjin 200071, China. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
62:30674 Makinwa, Paulina; Jensen,
An-Magritt. Women's position and demographic change in
Sub-Saharan Africa. 1995. v, 448 pp. International Union for the
Scientific Study of Population [IUSSP]: Liege, Belgium. In Eng.
"This volume examines research and policy issues that involve
inter-relationships between women's status and demographic phenomena in
the countries of sub-Saharan Africa. The volume stems from the
considerable concern of both scholars and policy makers regarding the
prospects for demographic change in this region in which rapid
population growth is exacerbating development problems and making it
more difficult for basic human needs to be met....The book is organized
in two sections according to whether or not the focus of study is
directly on the examination of hypothesized linkages (and their
implications) between women's position and demographic phenomena. The
first section contains chapters in which women's position is considered
either as a contributory determinant or an outcome of changing marriage
patterns, proximate determinants of fertility, morbidity and mortality,
the spread and control of HIV/AIDS, and migration. Chapters in the
second section mainly describe the condition of women, particularly how
gender inequality and discriminations against women, in societies
dominated by men, are manifested in daily life as typified by types of
work that women do and how they accomplish them."
Selected
items will be cited in this or subsequent issues of Population
Index.
Correspondence: International Union for the
Scientific Study of Population, 34 rue des Augustins, 4000 Liege,
Belgium. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
62:30675 Okojie, Christiana E. E.
The relationship between women's status, proximate determinants and
fertility in Nigeria. In: Women's position and demographic change
in Sub-Saharan Africa, edited by Paulina Makinwa and An-Magritt Jensen.
1995. 99-126 pp. International Union for the Scientific Study of
Population [IUSSP]: Liege, Belgium. In Eng.
"This paper
[explores] the interrelationships between women's status, proximate
determinants and fertility. It...analyzes the paths through which
socio-economic variables measuring women's status affect fertility
through their effects on the proximate determinants: age at marriage,
durations of breastfeeding and sexual abstinence and contraceptive use.
Based on cross-sectional data from a sample of women from fifteen rural
and urban communities in Edo and Delta States (formerly Bendel State)
of Nigeria, reduced form equations have been estimated for fertility
and its proximate determinants. The dependent variables were specified
as functions of socio-economic and cultural variables measuring women's
public and private status. Results have shown that socio-economic
factors are by and large relevant for fertility decision making in Edo
and Delta States in Nigeria."
Correspondence: C. E. E.
Okojie, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
62:30676 Oppong, Christine. Some
roles of women: what do we know? Conceptual and methodological issues
in Sub-Saharan Africa. In: Women's position and demographic change
in Sub-Saharan Africa, edited by Paulina Makinwa and An-Magritt Jensen.
1995. 363-88 pp. International Union for the Scientific Study of
Population [IUSSP]: Liege, Belgium. In Eng.
This paper offers an
introductory overview of "several conceptual and methodological
problems in some of the data bases of knowledge relating to women's
roles, reproductive and productive. Such data form the foundation for
economic and demographic analyses and the understanding of processes
meant to inform population and development policy formulation and
programming. It calls attention inter alia to some of the biases and
lacunae in this process of creating knowledge and in particular [to]
the widespread lack of adequate linkages between economic and
demographic information." The geographical focus is on Sub-Saharan
Africa.
Correspondence: C. Oppong, International Labour
Office, 4 route des Morillons, 1211 Geneva 22, Switzerland.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
62:30677 Trager, Lillian. Women
migrants and hometown linkages in Nigeria: status, economic roles, and
contributions to community development. In: Women's position and
demographic change in Sub-Saharan Africa, edited by Paulina Makinwa and
An-Magritt Jensen. 1995. 291-311 pp. International Union for the
Scientific Study of Population [IUSSP]: Liege, Belgium. In Eng.
"The paper examines the interrelationship between women's
status, their economic roles, and participation in local-level
community development among women migrants and return migrants in
south-western Nigeria. It is based on in-depth interview and survey
data collected among migrants and return migrants in five communities
in the Ijesa region of Yorubaland...as well as among migrants from
those communities now resident in the large cities of Lagos and
Ibadan."
Correspondence: L. Trager, University of
Wisconsin-Parkside, Box 200, 900 Wood Road, Kenosha, WI 53141-2000.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
62:30678 van de Walle, Etienne; van de Walle,
Francine. A review of the demographic literature on the
status and the condition of women in Sub-Saharan Africa. In:
Women's position and demographic change in Sub-Saharan Africa, edited
by Paulina Makinwa and An-Magritt Jensen. 1995. 389-403 pp.
International Union for the Scientific Study of Population [IUSSP]:
Liege, Belgium. In Eng.
"This chapter will trace some of the
lines of arguments linking the status and the condition of women in
sub-Saharan Africa with demographic processes. We review some of the
anthropological literature that considers the evolving legal and social
position of women in the region. This serves as an introduction to the
more specifically demographic arguments that have related the
occurrence of changes in the condition of women, or their failure to
occur at the expected pace, to the levels and trends in demographic
variables, particularly mortality, nuptiality and fertility. We end by
listing a series of research topics where the condition of women is
engaged, either by traditional but poorly understood mechanisms (sex
preference and its impact on mortality, the custom of bridewealth) or
by new circumstances (the current economic crisis and the HIV/AIDS
epidemic)."
Correspondence: E. van de Walle,
University of Pennsylvania, Population Studies Center, 3718 Locust
Walk, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6297. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
62:30679 Weeks, John R. The six
pillars of global population and social change. IPPSR Population
Research Group Working Paper, No. 95-01, [1995]. 21 pp. Michigan State
University, Institute for Public Policy and Social Research: East
Lansing, Michigan. In Eng.
"There are six major pillars that
support our understanding of global population and social change. The
first three refer to the causes of population growth: mortality,
fertility, and migration (especially international migration). The
second three relate to the consequences of population growth: the role
of women in society, development, and environmental degradation. When
all six are connected, we have the framework for policy development and
implementation."
Correspondence: Michigan State
University, Institute for Public Policy and Social Research, Population
Research Group, 321 Berkey Hall, East Lansing, MI 48824-1111.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
Studies on the political aspects of population growth, including the demographic impact of war.
62:30680 Baldwin-Edwards, Martin; Schain,
Martin A. The politics of immigration in Western
Europe. West European Politics, Vol. 17, No. 2, Apr 1994. 225 pp.
Frank Cass: London, England. In Eng.
"This Special Issue...is
devoted to an analysis of how immigration has emerged as a political
issue, how the politics of immigration have been constructed, and what
have been the consequences of this construction for politics in Western
Europe." The 10 papers included examine several aspects of this
migration, including labor migration, asylum seekers, undocumented
migrants, and resident aliens, emphasizing the different political
implications of each type of migration.
Correspondence:
Frank Cass and Company, Newbury House, 890-900 Eastern Avenue,
Newbury Park, Ilford, Essex IG2 7HH, England. Location:
Princeton University Library (FST).
62:30681 Pitanguy, Jacqueline.
Feminist politics and reproductive rights: the case of Brazil.
In: Power and decision: the social control of reproduction, edited by
Gita Sen and Rachel C. Snow. Mar 1994. 101-22 pp. Harvard University,
Center for Population and Development Studies: Cambridge,
Massachusetts; Harvard University, School of Public Health, Department
of Population and International Health: Boston, Massachusetts. In Eng.
"In this text I discuss the role that feminism, as a new actor
in Brazilian politics, has played in the enhancement of women's rights
as citizens and, more specifically, in the assertion of their
reproductive rights. My purpose is to point out the limits and
possibilities that the feminist movement has faced as it attempted to
reshape the political arena by raising new questions, positioning them
as relevant issues, including them in the discourse of those to whom
society ascribes legitimacy as speakers, and transmuting women's
demands, especially those related to reproductive health, into public
policies. Although various actors, including the Catholic Church, have
contributed nationally and internationally to advances and backlashes
in the configuration of women's reproductive rights, I will focus
mainly on the interaction between feminism and the
state."
Correspondence: J. Pitanguy, Rio de Janeiro
Catholic University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
62:30682 Rajan, S. Irudaya.
Demographic transition and political transition. Economic and
Political Weekly, Vol. 31, No. 19, May 11, 1996. 1,168 pp. Mumbai,
India. In Eng.
This one-page article continues an ongoing debate
about when the birth rate in India will decline to the replacement
level of 21 per 1,000. The focus of this contribution is on the
differences among states in the effectiveness of their family planning
programs and in the timing of the fertility decline. The main question
considered is how recent political events might affect the pace of the
demographic transition. The author notes that the four states that show
the slowest progress toward lower fertility are all in a state of
political transition.
Location: Princeton University
Library (PF).
62:30683 Siegel, Jacob S.
Geographic compactness vs. race/ethnic compactness and other
criteria in the delineation of legislative districts. Population
Research and Policy Review, Vol. 15, No. 2, Apr 1996. 147-70 pp.
Dordrecht, Netherlands. In Eng.
"Several criteria have evolved
in law and tradition to constrain the delineation of Congressional and
State and local legislative districts, such as population equality,
geographic compactness, race/ethnic `compactness', and integrity of
political boundaries. Among the various criteria, I focus on
compactness, and in particular, the legal and mensural aspects....Many
formulas for measuring compactness have been proposed and tested. Here
the commonly used perimeter/circle measure and the circumscribed
area/circle measure are compared by an examination of some simple
geometric figures and 1990-Census-based [congressional districts]. Some
problems with these measures are noted, and a new measure, the CV/radii
measure (the complement of the coefficient of variation of the `radii'
of the district), is proposed and illustratively applied." A
comment by E. Walter Terrie and a rejoinder by Siegel are included (pp.
165-70).
Correspondence: J. S. Siegel, Georgetown
University, Department of Demography, 231 Poulton Hall, Washington,
D.C. 20057-1043. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
Studies on nutrition and health, including psychological aspects and sex behavior. Studies that are concerned with the impact of these factors on fertility are coded under F.5. Factors Other Than Contraception Affecting Fertility .
62:30684 Becker, Stan. Couples
and reproductive health. Johns Hopkins Population Center Papers on
Population, No. 96-02, May 1996. 58, [33] pp. Johns Hopkins University,
School of Hygiene and Public Health, Department of Population Dynamics:
Baltimore, Maryland. In Eng.
"This article will look at
reproductive health from a couple perspective. In the first section I
will review the literature on couples and reproductive health. Then I
will give a conceptual framework for study of couples' reproductive
health in the second section. After elaboration of an illustration,
matters of data collection, statistical analyses and operations
research are considered as well as limitations of the framework. The
third section outlines some directions for future research and the
final section gives challenges and
conclusions."
Correspondence: Johns Hopkins
University, School of Hygiene and Public Health, Department of
Population Dynamics, 615 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21205-2179.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
62:30685 Brandling-Bennett, A. David; Libel,
Marlo; Migliónico, Américo. Cholera in the
Americas in 1991. In: Adult mortality in Latin America, edited by
Ian M. Timæus, Juan Chackiel, and Lado Ruzicka. 1996. 241-52 pp.
Clarendon Press: Oxford, England; International Union for the
Scientific Study of Population [IUSSP]: Liege, Belgium. In Eng.
The
authors analyze the incidence of cholera in the Americas in 1991.
Sections are included on mortality from intestinal infectious diseases;
the 1991 cholera epidemic; transmission of cholera; mortality from the
disease; and the public health response.
Correspondence: A.
D. Brandling-Bennett, Pan American Health Organization, 525 23rd Street
NW, Washington, D.C. 20037. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
62:30686 Caraël, Michael; Allen,
Susan. Women's vulnerability to HIV/STD in Sub-Saharan
Africa: an increasing evidence. In: Women's position and
demographic change in Sub-Saharan Africa, edited by Paulina Makinwa and
An-Magritt Jensen. 1995. 201-22 pp. International Union for the
Scientific Study of Population [IUSSP]: Liege, Belgium. In Eng.
"This paper briefly reviews the epidemiology of HIV and STDs
in sub-Saharan Africa. It focuses on the interrelationships between HIV
and STDs and on the influence of cultural factors and sexual behaviour
that promote their spread. The epidemic of HIV and other STDs in Rwanda
provides a case study to illustrate the importance of non-regular
sexual relations and to examine the relationship of the epidemic to
marital status."
Correspondence: M. Caraël, World
Health Organization, Global Programme on AIDS, Avenue Appia, 1211
Geneva 27, Switzerland. Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
62:30687 Castilho, Euclides A.; Szwarcwald,
Célia L.; Boschi-Pinto, Cynthia. AIDS in
Brazil. In: Adult mortality in Latin America, edited by Ian M.
Timæus, Juan Chackiel, and Lado Ruzicka. 1996. 230-40 pp.
Clarendon Press: Oxford, England; International Union for the
Scientific Study of Population [IUSSP]: Liege, Belgium. In Eng.
The
authors assess trends in AIDS incidence and mortality in Brazil. The
focus is on survival following the diagnosis of AIDS-related disease in
adults, 1980-1989; the impact of AIDS on mortality differentials; and
the impact on life expectancy.
Correspondence: E. A.
Castilho, Fundaçao Oswaldo Cruz, Avenida Brasil 4365, C.P. 926,
21045-900, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
62:30688 Coombs, David W.; Capper, Stuart
A. Public health and mortality: public health in the
1980s. In: Demographic and structural change: the effects of the
1980s on American society, edited by Dennis L. Peck and J. Selwyn
Hollingsworth. 1996. 101-26 pp. Greenwood Press: Westport, Connecticut.
In Eng.
"The main objective of this chapter is to assess the
public's health in the United States and to discuss some of the factors
affecting public health service delivery during the past decade. The
sections that follow will (1) briefly describe federal, state, and
local public health systems and their functions, (2) delineate how the
systems and their environment have changed during the past decade, and
(3) examine major changes in the health status of the American people
during the 1980s and the responses of the public health
system."
Correspondence: D. W. Coombs, University of
Alabama, School of Public Health, Birmingham, AL 35294. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
62:30689 DaVanzo, Julie.
Potential health impacts of family planning. RAND Labor and
Population Program Reprint Series, No. 95-11, 1996. [18] pp. RAND:
Santa Monica, California. In Eng.
"In 1986, the Committee on
Population of the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) appointed the
Working Group on the Health Consequences of Contraceptive Use and
Controlled Fertility...to investigate the potential impacts of family
planning on women's and children's health. In 1989, that group issued
the report Contraception and Reproduction: Health Consequences for
Women and Children in the Developing World....This paper summarizes the
main points of the NAS report and reviews more recent evidence
regarding these issues, especially regarding some of the methodological
issues that arise in trying to assess the effects of family planning on
health."
Correspondence: RAND, 1700 Main Street, Santa
Monica, CA 90407-2138. Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
62:30690 Essex, Max; Mboup, Souleymane; Kanki,
Phyllis J.; Kalengayi, Mbowa R.; Brewer, Paula J. AIDS in
Africa. ISBN 0-7817-0110-4. LC 93-24662. 1993. xxii, 728 pp. Raven
Press: New York, New York. In Eng.
This is a collection of 33
papers by various authors about the AIDS epidemic in Sub-Saharan
Africa. The papers are divided into sections on epidemiology, clinical
manifestations and treatments, preventive strategies, the social and
economic impact of the disease, and geographic variations. The purpose
of the book is to summarize "the primary biomedical,
epidemiologic, and human realities that researchers, care providers,
volunteers, and health officials in Africa confront each day in
battling the AIDS epidemic. In producing this book, our objective was
twofold: to facilitate research, treatment, and intervention work
throughout Africa, and to contribute to the understanding of AIDS in
general."
Correspondence: Raven Press, 1185 Avenue of
the Americas, New York, NY 10036. Location: Princeton
University Library (FST).
62:30691 Fildes, Valerie; Marks, Lara;
Marland, Hilary. Women and children first: international
maternal and infant welfare 1870-1945. Wellcome Institute Series
in the History of Medicine, ISBN 0-415-08090-8. LC 92-7627. 1992.
xxiii, 311 pp. Routledge: New York, New York/London, England. In Eng.
This is a collective work that consists of 12 papers by various
authors on aspects of the international movement to improve maternal
and infant welfare during the last decades of the nineteenth century
and the first decades of the twentieth century. "The articles show
the great diversity in the timing of maternal and infant welfare
campaigns and in the approaches used by governments, institutions and
individuals: the problems they met, how these were overcome, and to
what extent they were successful in reducing mortality and achieving
the longterm health and well-being of women and children....The
responses of the mothers are central to the book, and the articles also
focus on the many actors who were involved in conceiving and
implementing programmes: women's organizations, local voluntary
associations, doctors, midwives, health visitors and public health
administrators, local and national
governments."
Correspondence: Routledge, 11 New Fetter
Lane, London EC4P 4EE, England. Location: Princeton University
Library (FST).
62:30692 Frenk, Julio; Bobadilla, José
L.; Lozano, Rafael. The epidemiological transition in
Latin America. In: Adult mortality in Latin America, edited by Ian
M. Timæus, Juan Chackiel, and Lado Ruzicka. 1996. 123-39 pp.
Clarendon Press: Oxford, England; International Union for the
Scientific Study of Population [IUSSP]: Liege, Belgium. In Eng.
"This chapter analyses the health situation in some selected
Latin American countries. Using information on mortality by cause of
death, it is shown that epidemiological profiles vary significantly
over time and among countries....It is clear from the discussion in
this chapter that it is impossible to generalize about levels and
trends of health indicators in Latin America. We have shown that the
epidemiologic transition is occurring in all the countries studied, but
at different paces and with different
characteristics."
Correspondence: J. Frenk, Apartado
Postal 22-729, 14001 Mexico, DF, Mexico. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
62:30693 Gage, Anastasia J.; Sommerfelt, A.
Elisabeth; Piani, Andrea L. Household structure,
socioeconomic level, and child health in Sub-Saharan Africa. DHS
Analytical Report, No. 1, May 1996. vii, 60 pp. Macro International,
Demographic and Health Surveys [DHS]: Calverton, Maryland. In Eng.
This is the first report in a planned series presenting in-depth
analyses of DHS data. "This report provides some insight into
variations in household structure in sub-Saharan Africa and the
relationship of household structure and socioeconomic status to
children's health outcomes....The analysis focuses on full immunization
coverage and the management of diarrhea in 11 countries. The households
studied are divided into two primary groups: elementary and
extended....These findings suggest that an understanding of the
relationships between household structure, poverty and child health
would aid community health workers in identifying situations in which
children may not be receiving recommended health care or adequate
treatment, and may help minimize the number of missed opportunities for
vaccination coverage."
Correspondence: Macro
International, Demographic and Health Surveys, 11785 Beltsville Drive,
Suite 300, Calverton, MD 20705. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
62:30694 Geronimus, Arline. The
weathering hypothesis and the health of African-American women and
infants: implications for reproductive strategies and policy
analysis. In: Power and decision: the social control of
reproduction, edited by Gita Sen and Rachel C. Snow. Mar 1994. 77-100
pp. Harvard University, Center for Population and Development Studies:
Cambridge, Massachusetts; Harvard University, School of Public Health,
Department of Population and International Health: Boston,
Massachusetts. In Eng.
"In this paper, I will discuss
a...conceptual model for understanding the relationship of maternal age
to birth outcome which I call the `weathering hypothesis.' This model
suggests that high rates of teenage childbearing among identifiable
populations within a highly industrialized country such as the United
States is an adaptive social response to disadvantage. In particular, I
will focus on the possible implications for healthy reproduction at
different maternal ages of the impact of social inequality on the
health of young through middle aged adults....I will also consider the
implications of population differences in the rate of deteriorating
health in young adulthood. In addition, I will consider the constraints
that severe health uncertainty may place on disadvantaged populations,
if they are to maximize the chances of healthy
reproduction...."
Correspondence: A. Geronimus,
University of Michigan, Department of Sociology, Population Studies
Center, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1070. Location: Princeton
University Library (FST).
62:30695 Graham, Hilary. Smoking
prevalence among women in the European Community 1950-1990. Social
Science and Medicine, Vol. 43, No. 2, Jul 1996. 243-54 pp. Tarrytown,
New York/Oxford, England. In Eng.
"The paper reviews trends in
tobacco use among women in the European Community (EC) between 1950 and
1990. The data suggest that EC countries occupy different points on
what appears to be a common prevalence curve. Southern EC countries are
represented in the early phases of this curve, marked out by sharply
rising prevalence. In northern EC countries, female smoking prevalence
appears to have peaked....Young women in higher socio-economic groups
have led the way into cigarette smoking in both northern and southern
Europe, with smoking prevalence declining first among women who are
privileged in terms of their education, occupation and income. Because
the decline in prevalence has yet to be repeated among women in more
disadvantaged circumstances, cigarette smoking among women in the EC is
likely to become a habit increasingly linked to low socio-economic
status."
Correspondence: H. Graham, University of
Warwick, Department of Applied Social Studies, Coventry CV4 7AL,
England. Location: Princeton University Library (PR).
62:30696 Hewitt, Christopher; Peverley, J.
Roger. The spread of HIV into the general population of
the USA: a simulation. Population Research and Policy Review, Vol.
15, No. 4, Aug 1996. 311-25 pp. Dordrecht, Netherlands. In Eng.
"The spread of HIV from injection drug users and male
homosexuals into the general U.S. population is simulated, using survey
data on sexual behavior. We estimate that approximately 150,000 persons
are currently infected with HIV through heterosexual transmission, the
majority of whom are female partners of drug-using or bisexual men. The
estimated number of AIDS cases generated by the model is close to the
CDC statistics for males, but much higher for females. We conclude that
prevention efforts should be targeted towards these high risk groups
rather than the general population."
Correspondence:
C. Hewitt, University of Maryland, Department of
Sociology/Anthropology, Baltimore, MD 21228. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
62:30697 Johnstone, Kim. The
impact of cancer on the New Zealand population. New Zealand
Population Review, Vol. 21, No. 1-2, May-Nov 1995. 72-84 pp.
Wellington, New Zealand. In Eng.
"Across the last four decades
the incidence of cancer in New Zealand has been rising among the
middle-aged and elderly, Maori and non-Maori, and male and female
alike. This trend is not a result of population ageing, but will
compound with that in the years ahead to produce greatly increased
numbers of cancer cases requiring expensive treatment and extensive
care. This paper explores some of the variations in cancer incidence,
the factors behind the rise, and likely consequences for New Zealand
and New Zealanders....[It] concentrates on two issues, the age
structure of cancer and the predominance of the disease among the
elderly, and the relationship between cancer mortality and cancer
morbidity."
Correspondence: K. Johnstone, University
of Waikato, Population Studies Centre, Private Bag 3105, Hamilton, New
Zealand. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
62:30698 Kremer, Michael. Can
having fewer partners increase prevalence of AIDS? NBER Working
Paper, No. 4942, Dec 1994. 51 pp. National Bureau of Economic Research
[NBER]: Cambridge, Massachusetts. In Eng.
"Under asymmetric
information about sexual history, sexual activity creates
externalities. Abstinence by those with few partners perversely
increases the average probability of HIV infection in the pool of
available partners. Since this increases prevalence among the high
activity people who disproportionately influence the disease's future
spread, it may increase long-run prevalence. Preliminary calculations
using standard epidemiological models and survey data on sexual
activity suggest that most people have few enough partners that further
reductions would increase steady-state
prevalence."
Correspondence: National Bureau of
Economic Research, 1050 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02138.
Location: Princeton University Library (PF).
62:30699 Lerner, Susana; Quesnel,
André; Yanes, Mariana. The diversity of
reproductive trajectories and institutional interactions. [La
pluralidad de trayectorias reproductivas y las transacciones
institucionales.] Estudios Demográficos y Urbanos, Vol. 9, No.
3, Sep-Dec 1994. 543-78, 783-4 pp. Mexico City, Mexico. In Spa. with
sum. in Eng.
"This article presents results from research
carried out between 1989 and 1991 in a rural region in the state of
Morelos [Mexico], beginning from an analysis centered in the
interactions between health agents and women....Using both quantitative
and qualitative methodologies, several reproductive trajectories were
identified and analyzed, allowing an assessment, on the one hand, of
the intensity of women's interactions with health institutions, their
community, and their partner and, on the other hand, a characterization
of the social trajectories of women as a fundamental factor in their
integration with the biomedical system."
Correspondence:
S. Lerner, El Colegio de México, Centro de Estudios
Demográficos y de Desarrollo Urbano, Camino al Ajusco 20, 10740
Mexico City, DF, Mexico. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
62:30700 Murray, Christopher.
Epidemiology and demography of tuberculosis. In: Adult
mortality in Latin America, edited by Ian M. Timæus, Juan
Chackiel, and Lado Ruzicka. 1996. 199-216 pp. Clarendon Press: Oxford,
England; International Union for the Scientific Study of Population
[IUSSP]: Liege, Belgium. In Eng.
"The purpose of this chapter
is to bring together the rather disparate lines of research into the
demography and epidemiology of tuberculosis and to provide a general
picture of the historical decline in tuberculosis and its current
levels in developing countries." Sections are included on
pathogenesis, progression from infection to disease, epidemiology,
mortality decline and tuberculosis, and the risk of infection in
developing countries.
Correspondence: C. Murray, Harvard
University, 9 Bow Street, Cambridge, MA 02138. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
62:30701 Orubuloye, I. O. Women's
control over their sexuality: implications for STDs and HIV/AIDS
transmission in Nigeria. In: Women's position and demographic
change in Sub-Saharan Africa, edited by Paulina Makinwa and An-Magritt
Jensen. 1995. 223-31 pp. International Union for the Scientific Study
of Population [IUSSP]: Liege, Belgium. In Eng.
"The extent to
which women have the power to refuse sex, or insist that their partner
use a condom will be a major factor in the containment of the spread of
STDs and HIV/AIDS. Women are usually more at risk of STDs and AIDS
because of the behaviour of their male partner than through their own
sexual activity....Evidence from the study presented here shows that
Yoruba women will increasingly refuse to have sex with infected
partners. The right to refuse sex derives from their economic
independence, the ease with which they can break up marriages and
return to their families of origin and the traditional expectation that
it is primarily women who are responsible for ensuring that sexual
relations do not take place during pregnancy and the post-partum
period...." This study was conducted in June 1991, in the Ekiti
District of Nigeria.
Correspondence: I. O. Orubuloye, Ondo
State University, Ado-Ekiti, Ondo State, Nigeria. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
62:30702 Pebley, Anne R.; Goldman, Noreen;
Rodríguez, Germán. Prenatal and delivery
care and childhood immunization in Guatemala: do family and community
matter? Demography, Vol. 33, No. 2, May 1996. 231-47 pp. Silver
Spring, Maryland. In Eng.
"In this paper we investigate family
choices about pregnancy-related care and the use of childhood
immunization [in Guatemala]. Estimates obtained from a multilevel
logistic model indicate that use of formal (or `modern') health
services differs substantially by ethnicity, by social and economic
factors, and by availability of health services. The results also show
that family and community membership are very important determinants of
the use of health care, even in the presence of controls for a large
number of observed characteristics of individuals, families, and
communities."
Correspondence: A. R. Pebley, RAND, 1700
Main Street, Santa Monica, CA 90407-2138. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
62:30703 Quinn, Thomas C. Global
burden of the HIV pandemic. Lancet, Vol. 348, No. 9020, Jul 13,
1996. 99-106 pp. New York, New York/London, England. In Eng.
The
author describes the epidemiological features of the HIV pandemic,
including its evolution, economic and demographic impact, geographic
characteristics, and projections over the next four years. He notes
that "within the global pandemic of HIV infection there are many
different epidemics, each with its own dynamics and each influenced by
many factors including time of introduction of the virus, population
density, and cultural and social issues. Effective management
strategies depend on knowledge of all these factors. By the year 2000,
WHO projections are that 26 million persons will be infected with HIV,
more than 90% of whom will be in developing countries. To control AIDS,
countries must not only promote changes in individual behavior but also
address social issues such as unemployment, rapid urbanization,
migration, and the status of women."
Correspondence:
T. C. Quinn, Johns Hopkins University, 720 Rutland Avenue, Ross
1159, Baltimore, MD 21205-2196. Location: Princeton University
Library (SZ).
62:30704 Rahkonen, Ossi; Manderbacka,
Kristiina; Lahelma, Eero; Karisto, Antti. Social class,
gender and illness--a Nordic experience. In: Demography, economy
and welfare, edited by Christer Lundh. 1995. 127-39 pp. Lund University
Press: Lund, Sweden; Chartwell-Bratt: Bromley, England. In Eng.
"The aim of the article is first, to analyse social class
differences in limiting long-standing illness among men and women in
[Finland, Norway, and Sweden], and second, to discuss the reasons
behind the differences, suggest further approaches to the research and
discuss the implications for health and welfare policy....The data used
in this study consist of three nation-wide Level of Living Surveys
carried out in 1986-87 in Finland (N=11,783), Norway (N=4,211) and
Sweden (N=4,699)."
Correspondence: O. Rahkonen,
University of Helsinki, Department of Social Policy, P.O. Box 33,
Hallituskatu 8, 00014 Helsinki, Finland. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
62:30705 Rushing, William A. The
AIDS epidemic: social dimensions of an infectious disease. ISBN
0-8133-2044-5. 1995. xiii, 288 pp. Westview Press: Boulder,
Colorado/Oxford, England. In Eng.
This monograph examines various
aspects of the HIV/AIDS epidemic from a sociological perspective. The
first part is concerned with the social etiology of the disease. It
discusses high-risk groups in the United States, the origin of HIV/AIDS
in Africa, and trends in HIV/AIDS preventive behavior. The second part
considers societal reactions to the disease. It covers such topics as
fear of contagion, moralizing and scapegoating, the role of science in
societal reactions, the problem of personal responsibility, treatment
and prevention, and problems in the eradication and control of
HIV/AIDS.
Correspondence: Westview Press, 5500 Central
Avenue, Boulder, CO 80301-2877. Location: Princeton University
Library (FST).
62:30706 Sköld, Peter. From
inoculation to vaccination: smallpox in Sweden in the eighteenth and
nineteenth centuries. Population Studies, Vol. 50, No. 2, Jul
1996. 247-62 pp. London, England. In Eng.
"This study deals
with the extent to which both inoculation and vaccination were
practiced [in Sweden in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries], and
the success they achieved in reducing the threat from smallpox, and is
focused on the transition from the former to the latter method. We
shall trace the establishment of a public health organization,
scrutinize the introduction of inoculation in Sweden, and attempt to
explain its relative failure....Our aim is to describe and analyse the
experience of preventive measures during these years, in which Sweden
ceased to be a country in which there was little provision of
protection against smallpox to one in which the disease had become
rare."
Correspondence: P. Sköld, University of
Umeå, Department of Historical Demography, 901 87 Umeå,
Sweden. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
62:30707 Tagoe, Eva. Maternal
education and infant/child morbidity in Ghana: the case of diarrhoea.
Evidence from the Ghana DHS. In: Women's position and demographic
change in Sub-Saharan Africa, edited by Paulina Makinwa and An-Magritt
Jensen. 1995. 169-200 pp. International Union for the Scientific Study
of Population [IUSSP]: Liege, Belgium. In Eng.
"Given the
importance of infant/child morbidity in developing countries in general
and specifically in Ghana, the main objectives of this study are as
follows: 1. To document the extent of diarrhoeal differential by
[certain] key socio-economic, demographic, household, health and
cultural characteristics....2. To examine, by the use of a multivariate
analysis, the relationship between maternal education and childhood
diarrhoea among children under five years old in
Ghana."
Correspondence: E. Tagoe, Brown University,
Providence, RI 02912. Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
62:30708 Tanaka, Atsuko; Takano, Takehito;
Nakamura, Keiko; Takeuchi, Sachiko. Health levels
influenced by urban residential conditions in a megacity--Tokyo.
Urban Studies, Vol. 33, No. 6, Jun 1996. 879-94 pp. Glasgow, Scotland.
In Eng.
"Influences of residential conditions in a megacity on
the health levels of residents were investigated. Correlations between
mortalities and specified residential-condition indicators in study
areas randomly selected from the megacity Tokyo were examined.
Indicators representing housing and city planning were significantly
correlated with mortalities after adjusting for socio-economic
differences between the communities. Urbanisation to a certain level
seems to have been associated with good health; however, the most
densely developed artificial urban environment seems to be associated
with negative health outcomes. Coping skills with regard to health
problems are discussed in relation to health levels. A survey
elucidated that the coping attitude of the elderly is related with
their educational level, family structure, frequency of receiving
health information and contact with a family
doctor."
Correspondence: A. Tanaka, Tokyo Medical and
Dental University, School of Medicine, Department of Public Health and
Environmental Science, Tokyo 113, Japan. Location: Princeton
University Library (UES).
62:30709 Thomas, Richard.
Modelling space-time HIV/AIDS dynamics: applications to disease
control. Social Science and Medicine, Vol. 43, No. 3, Aug 1996.
353-66 pp. Exeter, England. In Eng.
"This paper applies the
outputs of a family of HIV/AIDS models to problems in disease control.
The epidemic models comprising this suite include single and
multiregional representations each adopting either a one or two risk
population format. Here, risk is expressed in terms of activity rates
and those at low risk are characterized by a reproduction rate of less
than unity which defines a simulated epidemic that cannot start. These
models are applied to the following problems in prevention and control:
first, estimating the impact of national variations in population
growth rates on the predicted size of the epidemic, second,
constructing control charts to assess the impact of intended
interventions, third, evaluating the consequences of targeting
preventative action at those at high risk; and last, evaluating the
implications for international control of differences between the
serological and simulated pandemic pathways. The discussion sets these
findings within the context of forming health
policy."
Correspondence: R. Thomas, University of
Manchester, School of Geography, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL,
England. Location: Princeton University Library (PR).
62:30710 van der Veen, Willem J.
Life-saving in the neonatal intensive care unit and its
consequences for survivors: a study on the quantity and quality of
infant and child life. Nethur-Demography Paper, No. 37, May 1996.
25 pp. Universiteit van Amsterdam, Postdoctorale Onderzoekersopleiding
Demografie [PDOD]: Amsterdam, Netherlands. In Eng.
The author draws
on the literature from developed countries to examine the consequences
of saving infant lives in neonatal intensive care units. The focus is
on infants that are preterm and of low birth weight. He concludes that
"life-saving in the neonatal intensive care unit therefore
involves both human benefits and costs: 1. a large proportion dies,
despite life-saving efforts; 2. a large proportion survives without any
measurable developmental problems; 3. a proportion of the survivors
faces major handicaps; 4. a proportion of the survivors faces subtle
developmental deficits which become increasingly evident in the course
of time."
Correspondence: Universiteit van Amsterdam,
Planologisch en Demografisch Instituut, Postdoctorale
Onderzoekersopleiding Demografie, Nieuwe Prinsengracht 130, 1018 VZ
Amsterdam, Netherlands. Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
62:30711 Yu, Elena S. H.; Xie, Qiyi; Zhang,
Konglai; Lu, Ping; Chan, Lillian L. HIV infection and AIDS
in China, 1985 through 1994. American Journal of Public Health,
Vol. 86, No. 8, Pt. 1, Aug 1996. 1,116-22 pp. Washington, D.C. In Eng.
"This paper analyzes data on the distribution of and risk
factors for the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and human
immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in China." Data are derived
from HIV and AIDS tests conducted during a period of 10 years and from
a review of the literature for the period 1985-1995. The results
indicate that "overall, more males than females had HIV infection.
Intravenous drug use was the primary source of transmission, followed
by heterosexual contacts. Only a small number of the persons tested
were homosexual, but their proportion of HIV seropositivity ranked
third to that of drug users; that of general hospital patients ranked
fourth....HIV infection and AIDS in China began as a highly
regionalized and largely rural problem in Yunnan Province. However, HIV
infection and AIDS have become an emerging urban problem. HIV
seropositivity is low among several groups thought to have an elevated
risk."
Correspondence: E. S. H. Yu, San Diego State
University, Graduate School of Public Health, Division of Epidemiology
and Biostatistics, San Diego, CA 92182-0405. Location:
Princeton University Library (SZ).
62:30712 Zurayk, Huda. Women's
reproductive health in the Arab world. West Asia and North Africa
Regional Papers, No. 39, Apr 1994. 38 pp. Population Council: Cairo,
Egypt. In Eng.
"This paper reviews the reproductive health
situation of women in the Arab world, and examines the underlying
social context....The paper demonstrates wide variations among Arab
countries on the indicators used to represent the elements of concern.
On most indicators, the Gulf countries show the best performance in
terms of reproductive health of women, while the resource-poor
countries of Mauritania, Somalia, Sudan and Yemen show poor
performance. The case of Egypt is examined to illustrate within-country
differentials that exist between rural and urban areas, and uneducated
and educated women."
Correspondence: Population
Council, P.O. Box 115, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
Studies on consanguinity and isolates, inbreeding, and twinning.
62:30713 Calafell, F.; Bertranpetit, J.;
Rendine, S.; Cappello, N.; Mercier, P.; Amoros, J.-P.; Piazza,
A. Population history of Corsica: a linguistic and genetic
analysis. Annals of Human Biology, Vol. 23, No. 3, May-Jun 1996.
237-51 pp. London, England. In Eng. with sum. in Fre; Ger.
"We
present a study of genetic and linguistic differentiation within the
island of Corsica, as well as a genetic comparison with other
Mediterranean populations, aimed at discerning the internal population
structure of the island and its affinities with other Mediterranean
populations." The results indicate that "when compared to
other Mediterranean populations, Corsica showed a certain degree of
differentiation, although not so marked as that of Sardinia. Corsica
presented genetic affinities with Campania, Sicily, Liguria, Provence
and Latium, while distances with Tuscany and Sardinia were larger.
These results can be interpreted as a reflection of the prehistoric
isolation of Corsica and the relative contribution to the island gene
pool of prehistoric and historic invaders and immigrants from several
populations."
Correspondence: F. Calafell, Universitat
de Barcelona, Facultat de Biologia, Laboratori d'Antropologia, Diagonal
645, 08028 Barcelona, Spain. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
