Primarily references to descriptive studies. Official tabular material will be found under S. Official Statistical Publications . Items that are primarily analytical, but that also contain information on characteristics, will be found under K. Demographic and Economic Interrelations and Natural Resources or L. Demographic and Noneconomic Interrelations , as appropriate.
Descriptive studies of populations according to various demographic characteristics, including age, sex, sex ratios, and marital status. Studies on demographic aging are also included.
62:30557 Ando, Albert; Moro, Andrea.
Demographic dynamics, labor force participation and household asset
accumulation: case of Japan. NBER Working Paper, No. 5261, Sep
1995. 79 pp. National Bureau of Economic Research [NBER]: Cambridge,
Massachusetts. In Eng.
"A dynamic model of the demographic
structure of Japan is summarized. It is capable of tracing the dynamic
development of the Japanese population, including the distribution of
families by age, sex, and marital status of the head, as well as by the
number and age of children and other dependents. This model is combined
with a specification of the processes generating family income and
consumption, and then used to generate the pattern of aggregate income,
saving and asset accumulation for the period 1985-2090 under
alternative fertility assumptions."
Correspondence:
National Bureau of Economic Research, 1050 Massachusetts Avenue,
Cambridge, MA 02138. Location: Princeton University Library
(PF).
62:30558 Bartlett, Helen P.; Phillips, David
R. Aging in the United Kingdom: a review of demographic
trends, recent policy developments and care provision. Korea
Journal of Population and Development, Vol. 24, No. 2, Dec 1995. 181-95
pp. Seoul, Korea, Republic of. In Eng.
"Although the U.K.'s
population is not predicted to grow very much in the future, the
population structure is changing and there is a shift towards a much
older age distribution. The characteristics of demographic aging in the
U.K. include a marked reduction in fertility rates, increasing rates of
life expectation at birth..., increasing dependency ratios and
variations in mortality and social class in old age. The U.K.'s
demographic context has important implications for aged care policy and
planning. This paper documents the demographic trends, reviews recent
major policy changes and their impact on care provision, and discusses
some of the emerging implementation issues that challenge the potential
of such policies to meet the needs of an aging
population."
Correspondence: H. P. Bartlett, Oxford
Brookes University, School of Health Care Studies, Gipsy Lane,
Headington, Oxford OX3 0BP, England. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
62:30559 Bengtson, Vern L.; Mills, Teheran L.;
Parrott, Tonya M. Ageing in the United States at the end
of the century. Korea Journal of Population and Development, Vol.
24, No. 2, Dec 1995. 215-44 pp. Seoul, Korea, Republic of. In Eng.
"The belief that America is a `young' nation is widely held by
many individuals in the United States. Historically, individualism,
self-reliance, and an orientation towards youth have been cherished
values reflecting...our national heritage and tradition dating from the
18th through the mid-20th century. However, America is no longer a
`young' nation. Rather, we are an `aging' population, as we show in our
analysis of demographic transitions reviewed in this paper. The
phenomenon of `cultural (or structural) lag' is discussed in two
different contexts: first--the context of the aging family; and
second--the context of ethnic/racial minority groups. Finally, some of
the relevant public policy responses to aging are described. We look at
government programs in four major categories, namely, (1) income; (2)
health care; (3) social services; and (4)
housing."
Correspondence: V. L. Bengtson, University
of Southern California, Department of Sociology, University Park, Los
Angeles, CA 90089-2539. Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
62:30560 Bogie, Donald W. Age and
race in the United States: the 1980s and beyond. In: Demographic
and structural change: the effects of the 1980s on American society,
edited by Dennis L. Peck and J. Selwyn Hollingsworth. 1996. 63-84 pp.
Greenwood Press: Westport, Connecticut. In Eng.
"This chapter
begins with a discussion of various features of the age distribution of
the U.S. population, including long-term changes in the median age,
variations in age composition according to sex, race, and place of
residence, and projected changes through the first half of the
twenty-first century. The discussions of the racial and ethnic
composition of the population will focus on current patterns and
projected changes over the next several decades....The two major themes
of this chapter are (1) that the U.S. population is growing older and
(2) that this population is becoming more racially
diverse."
Correspondence: D. W. Bogie, Auburn
University, Center for Demographic and Cultural Research, Montgomery,
AL 36849. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
62:30561 Chen, Sue-Mei; Hsieh,
Yeu-Sheng. A comparative study on aging between Taipei
City and Taiwan's rural areas. Journal of Population Studies, No.
17, Apr 1996. 31-58 pp. Taipei, Taiwan. In Chi. with sum. in Eng.
"This paper extends research on the difference in ageing
factors between Taipei City and Taiwan's rural area in terms of the
changes in fertility, mortality, and migration rates....The
analysis--based on data collected from 1968-1993 demographic data in
Taiwan-Fukien Demographic Fact Book...provides strong evidence that
population processes (fertility, mortality, and migration) have
different influences on the population ageing of Tapei City and
Taiwan's rural area."
Correspondence: S.-M. Chen,
National Taiwan University, Population Studies Center, Taipei, Taiwan.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
62:30562 Das Gupta, Monica; Bhat, P. N.
Mari. Intensified gender bias in India: a consequence of
fertility decline. Harvard Center for Population and Development
Studies Working Paper Series, No. 95.03, May 1995. 11, [10] pp. Harvard
University, Center for Population and Development Studies: Cambridge,
Massachusetts. In Eng.
"This paper examines the effect of
fertility decline on the manifestation of gender bias in India. It
models the effects of changes in the distribution of births by birth
order on the one hand, and intensification of gender bias at lower
parities on the other hand, to see their independent and combined
effect on net gender bias. The results show that the intensification
effect outweighs the birth order effect. Changes in the juvenile sex
ratios during 1981-91...indicate that an additional one million female
children `went missing'....The data suggest that much of this
shortfall...may be due to sex-selective
abortion."
Correspondence: Harvard University, Center
for Population and Development Studies, 9 Bow Street, Cambridge, MA
02138. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
62:30563 Du, Peng. Fertility
decline and population aging in China. Chinese Journal of
Population Science, Vol. 7, No. 4, 1995. 299-306 pp. New York, New
York. In Eng.
The author discusses trends in fertility and
population aging in China. The focus is on the impact of fertility
decline on population aging. Population aging under conditions of low
fertility is analyzed.
Correspondence: P. Du, Chinese
People's University, Institute of Demography, Beijing, China.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
62:30564 Golini, Antonio.
Vitality and malaise in demography: outlook and strategies for the
future. Polish Population Review, No. 7, 1995. 29-39 pp. Warsaw,
Poland. In Eng.
"When dealing with age structures...the
question could be posed...whether in the age structure such pronounced
`distortions' already exist as to make a major contribution to plotting
the course of demography and then, as a more or less inevitable
consequence, to shaping the social and economic context. In other
words, whether conditions of `demographic malaise' exist linked, on the
one hand, to an extraordinarily young age structure and a consequent
`excess' population growth...and, on the other, to an extraordinarily
old age structure and a subsequent `excess' population decline....This
study proposes to focus particularly on this second instance, which
pertains to contemporary western populations or sub-populations, [using
the example of Italy]."
Correspondence: A. Golini,
Viale dell'Umanesimo 297, 00144, Rome, Italy. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
62:30565 Grundy, Emily.
Population ageing in Europe. In: Europe's population in the
1990s, edited by David Coleman. 1996. 267-96 pp. Oxford University
Press: New York, New York/Oxford, England. In Eng.
The author
"demonstrates the demographic causes of the growth of the elderly
population and compares the position in various countries of
Europe." Sections are included on population size and age
structure; projected changes in the elderly population; expectation of
life at birth and at age 65; marital status distribution; the
availability of children; the living arrangements of the elderly; and
socio-demographic characteristics of Europe's
population.
Correspondence: E. Grundy, King's College
London, Age Concern Institute of Gerontology, Cornwall House Annex,
Waterloo Road, London SE1 8WA, England. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
62:30566 Gu, Shengzu; Zhu, Nong; Chen,
Xinguang; Liang, Jersey. Old-age support system and policy
reform in China. Korea Journal of Population and Development, Vol.
24, No. 2, Dec 1995. 245-73 pp. Seoul, Korea, Republic of. In Eng.
"With the on-going economic transition from the central
planned system to a market-oriented system, the population aging
process in China is also accelerating, and the support system for the
elderly becomes an important issue demanding attention. With data from
Chinese national statistics and a regional probability sampling survey
in Wuhan Area, two supporting systems for the aged in China are
examined in this paper. After a briefing of the population aging
process in China, a detailed discussion of the two supporting systems,
i.e. the formal and the informal support systems for the aged,
including arrangement, operation and funding mechanisms of the systems,
is made in terms of policy reform. Then follows an international
comparison to highlight features and problems of the Chinese systems.
Finally, solutions are proposed for the restructuring of China's
pension systems."
Correspondence: S. Gu, Wuhan
University, Department of Economics, Nong Zhu Institute of Population
Research, Wuhan 430072, Hubei, China. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
62:30567 Hobbs, Frank B.; Damon, Bonnie
L. 65+ in the United States. Current Population
Reports, Series P-23: Special Studies, No. 190, Apr 1996. vii, [185]
pp. U.S. Bureau of the Census: Washington, D.C. In Eng.
This report
focuses on the elderly population of the United States. Particular
attention is paid to future implications of the growth of the elderly
population. "We will focus on the diversity of America's older
population in terms of age, race, ethnicity, gender, economic status,
longevity, health and social characteristics, and geographic
distribution. Throughout, we will examine possible implications of the
demographic changes." Data are from the 1990 census and recent
official surveys.
Correspondence: U.S. Government Printing
Office, Superintendent of Documents, Washington, D.C. 20402.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
62:30568 Holden, Constance. New
populations of old add to poor nations' burdens. Science, Vol.
273, No. 5271, Jul 5, 1996. 46-8 pp. Washington, D.C. In Eng.
This
is a description of demographic aging in the developing countries. The
focus is on the extent to which such countries will be able to provide
for the needs of a growing population of elderly.
Location:
Princeton University Library (SQ).
62:30569 Katus, Kalev. General
trend of population aging in Estonia.
Rahvastiku-Uuringud/Population Studies Series B, No. 27, 1995. 51 pp.
Estonian Interuniversity Population Research Centre: Tallinn, Estonia.
In Eng.
"The paper outlines general trends in population aging
in Estonia. The process is analyzed in [the] European context,
determining the most specific trends and the major time frames of the
population aging. The analysis is mainly based on general indicators of
the population aging calculated on census data....Using the same
general indicators the population aging is followed up to the
year...2030 on the basis of population
prognosis."
Correspondence: Estonian Interuniversity
Population Research Centre, P.O. Box 3012, 0090 Tallinn, Estonia.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
62:30570 Kerr, Don; Larrivée, Daniel;
Greenhalgh, Patricia. Children and youth: an
overview. Focus on Canada, Pub. Order No. 96-320E. ISBN
0-13-310640-3. 1994. 78 pp. Statistics Canada: Ottawa, Canada; Prentice
Hall Canada: Scarborough, Canada. In Eng.
"This study
documents some of the more fundamental characteristics of children and
youth [in Canada], from basic demographic and family characteristics to
many of their central educational and economic attributes....This
publication defines children as all persons 0 to 14 years, and youth as
all individuals 15 to 24 years....This study focuses on the
characteristics of the young in 1991, and how these characteristics
have changed from earlier censuses."
Correspondence:
Prentice Hall Canada, 1870 Birchmount Road, Scarborough, Ontario
M1P 2J7, Canada. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
62:30571 Kojima, Hiroshi. Aging
in Japan: population policy implications. Korea Journal of
Population and Development, Vol. 24, No. 2, Dec 1995. 197-214 pp.
Seoul, Korea, Republic of. In Eng.
"This paper describes the
trends in population aging in Japan and its demographic determinants
and consequences. It discusses the sociocultural contexts of aging with
special reference to the family. Then, it presents the results of
multinomial logit analysis of data from the National Opinion Survey on
Population Issues conducted by the Institute of Population Problems in
1990 to explore the possible acceptance of alternative population
policies to slow population aging."
Correspondence: H.
Kojima, Institute of Population Problems, Ministry of Health and
Welfare, 1-2-2 Kasumigaseki, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-45, Japan.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
62:30572 Li, Nan; Tuljapurkar, S.; Feldman,
M. High sex ratio at birth and its consequences.
Chinese Journal of Population Science, Vol. 7, No. 3, 1995. 213-21 pp.
New York, New York. In Eng.
"Significantly rising sex ratio at
birth (SRB) [in China] and its consequences have long been a research
focus and a government concern. Using recent data, this paper is a
quantitative analysis [of] the high sex ratio at birth and its
consequential problems such as `the imbalance of first marriage market'
and `the burden of elderly people without male
offspring'."
Correspondence: S. Tuljapurkar, Stanford
University, Morrison Institute of Population and Resources, Stanford,
CA 94305. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
62:30573 Longino, Charles F.; Bould, Sally;
Smith, Mark H. State profiles of the oldest Americans in
1990: decade cohort changes and the disabled. Dec 1994. x, 536 pp.
Wake Forest University, Reynolda Gerontology Program: Winston-Salem,
North Carolina. In Eng.
This set of tables provides data by state
on the U.S. population over age 85. The tables present data for 1980
and 1990 on ethnic groups, socioeconomic characteristics, income,
marital and family status, residence characteristics, and
disability.
Correspondence: Wake Forest University,
Reynolda Gerontology Program, Winston-Salem, NC 27109. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
62:30574 Madrigal, L. Sex ratio
in Escazú, Costa Rica, 1851-1901. Human Biology, Vol. 68,
No. 3, Jun 1996. 427-36 pp. Detroit, Michigan. In Eng.
"I
study the behavior of the SSR [secondary sex ratio] in Escazú,
Costa Rica, from 1851 to 1901. Of particular interest is whether the
SSR was seasonal, because Madrigal (1994) reported that in this
population mortality is seasonal. The data were successfully modeled
according to the Box-Jenkins methodology without incorporating a
seasonal parameter. Thus the SSR did not fluctuate seasonally. For the
time period under study no long-term trend was observed in the value of
the SSR, which tended to fluctuate in accordance with the expected
values. Finally, the behavior of the SSR was not observed to be
influenced by the various epidemics that affected Escazú. These
results indicate that, although severe epidemics and seasonal mortality
affected the population, the community's SSR was not significantly
affected by these stresses."
Correspondence: L.
Madrigal, University of South Florida, Department of Anthropology,
Tampa, FL 33620. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
62:30575 Morocco. Direction de la Statistique.
Centre d'Etudes et de Recherches Démographiques [CERED] (Rabat,
Morocco). The child population of Morocco:
socio-demographic characteristics and protection of the child.
[Population infantile au Maroc: caractéristiques
socio-démographiques et protection de l'enfance.] Etudes
Démographiques, 1996. 223 pp. Rabat, Morocco. In Fre.
This
report concerns the population under age 15 in Morocco. The first part
describes the demographic development of this population from 1960 to
1992. This section discusses the changing age and geographic
distribution of the population under age 15, the characteristics of
households with children, family size desired, future prospects, and
the place of children in the country's population policy. The second
and third parts deal with the socioeconomic environment affecting
children (education and health), and social and legal measures designed
to protect children. The data are from recent censuses, including that
of 1982, and from official surveys, including a population and health
survey undertaken in 1992.
Correspondence: Direction de la
Statistique, Centre d'Etudes et de Recherches Démographiques,
Rue Mohamed Belhassan el Ouazzani, Haut-Agdal, B.P. 178, Rabat,
Morocco. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
62:30576 Myers, George C.
Innovative strategies for comparative aging research. Korea
Journal of Population and Development, Vol. 24, No. 2, Dec 1995. 159-72
pp. Seoul, Korea, Republic of. In Eng.
"After introductory
comments on the theme of `ageing east and west', this paper looks at
trends in ageing and responses to ageing over time, with particular
reference to European experience. The evidence is reviewed in
historical, cultural, religious, political and `social political'
perspective. Attention is drawn to the different patterns of experience
and of policy responses characteristic of the different countries and
regions within Europe both past and present. The paper concludes with a
review of [the] latest trends and prospects in `community care', which
could signal a seeming point of convergence between east and
west."
Correspondence: G. C. Myers, Duke University,
Center for Demographic Studies, 2117 Campus Drive, Durham, NC 27706.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
62:30577 Prinz, Christopher.
Future changes in the age structure and the problem of pensions in
the Austrian case. [Zukünftige
Altersstrukturveränderungen und das Pensionsproblem am Beispiel
Österreichs.] Journal für Sozialforschung, Vol. 34, No. 3,
1994. 271-85, 312-3 pp. Vienna, Austria. In Ger. with sum. in Eng; Fre.
Projections of rapid demographic aging in Austria are reviewed up
to the year 2050. "After the turn of the century the proportion of
the population above age 60 will gradually increase from 20% to at
least 30 if not as much as 40 or 50% by 2050. During the same period
the population above age 80 will be multiplied by four." It is
argued that drastic pension reform is needed to guarantee future
pension payments and avoid a large increase in the pension contribution
rate.
Correspondence: C. Prinz, International Institute for
Applied Systems Analysis, Population Program, 2361 Laxenburg, Austria.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
62:30578 Roush, Wade. Live long
and prosper? Science, Vol. 273, No. 5271, Jul 5, 1996. 42-6 pp.
Washington, D.C. In Eng.
The trend toward demographic aging in
developed countries is examined and its consequences are considered.
While the primary focus is on the United States, a section is also
included on Japan. The author notes that "burgeoning elderly
populations threaten to overwhelm government benefit programs in the
developed nations, but demographers differ on how great the challenge
will be."
Location: Princeton University Library (SQ).
62:30579 Rowland, D. T.
Population momentum as a measure of ageing. European Journal
of Population/Revue Européenne de Démographie, Vol. 12,
No. 1, Mar 1996. 41-61 pp. Hingham, Massachusetts/Dordrecht,
Netherlands. In Eng. with sum. in Fre.
"This paper aims to
show that the concept of population momentum clarifies the nature of
the process of population ageing and provides a basis for comparative
research through time and between countries. The paper discusses the
role of momentum in age-structure change during the demographic
transition and examines trends in total and age-specific momentum in
nine countries with contrasting patterns of transition. The utility of
the concept of momentum in the demographic study of ageing arises from
its focus on cohort flow, from the insight it provides into the causes
and consequences of ageing and from its ability to identify variations
in the process through time."
Correspondence: D. T.
Rowland, Australian National University, Department of Sociology,
Population Studies Program, Acton, ACT 0200, Australia. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
62:30580 Yoon, Gene; Eun, Ki-soo.
Understanding aging in Korea. Korea Journal of Population and
Development, Vol. 24, No. 2, Dec 1995. 301-17 pp. Seoul, Korea,
Republic of. In Eng.
"This study discusses demographic trends,
sociocultural characteristics, and policy choices of aging in [South]
Korea....Although the proportion of the elderly was not so high as to
worry about aging before 1990, it is projected that one in eight
Koreans will be aged 65 or more in 2020. Because the care for the
elderly is mostly expected to be provided by each family, not by the
state or Korean society, the role of the family is pivotal in coping
with [the] aging problem....Although adult children currently
understand that their aged parents need assistance and support from
them, they want to solve the issue of support for the elderly in a way
different from the traditional....This paper examines how the changing
attitude toward the old is reflected in family life in terms of living
arrangement and physical contacts. This paper also describes and
discusses the current situation of various welfare policies on the
elderly in Korea."
Correspondence: G. Yoon, Yonsei
University, Department of Psychology, 134 Shinchon-dong, Sudaemoon-gu,
Seoul 120-749, Republic of Korea. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
62:30581 Zonta, L. A.; Astolfi, P.; Ulizzi,
L. Early selection and sex composition in Italy: a study
at the regional level. Human Biology, Vol. 68, No. 3, Jun 1996.
415-26 pp. Detroit, Michigan. In Eng.
"We have chosen four
Italian regions with different degrees of industrialization and
socioeconomic levels to study environmental differences in the sex
ratio. The improvement in living and sanitary conditions during the
last century has led to a progressive reduction in early male
extramortality, and the sex ratio at birth has been almost unchanged at
least to the first year of life and probably up to reproductive age. To
investigate whether socioeconomic, cultural, or biological factors
still influence the sex ratio at birth, we studied the stillbirth rate
and the relations between newborn viability and sex composition as a
function of maternal age and educational level. Our results suggest
that in less favorable environments early selection against male
newborns is almost twice that against female newborns when the mothers
are the least favored for socioeconomic status, cultural level, and
biological conditions (older than 39
years)."
Correspondence: L. A. Zonta,
Università di Pavia, Dipartimento di Genetica e Microbiologia,
via Abbiategrasso 207, 27100 Pavia, Italy. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
Descriptive studies of menarche and menopause, longevity, and increasing the life span, as well as other biological characteristics such as sex selection. Studies that are concerned with menarche and menopause as they specifically affect fertility are coded under F.5. Factors Other Than Contraception Affecting Fertility .
62:30582 Gonzales, Gustavo F.; Villena,
Arturo. Body mass index and age at menarche in Peruvian
children living at high altitude and at sea level. Human Biology,
Vol. 68, No. 2, Apr 1996. 265-75 pp. Detroit, Michigan. In Eng.
"The present study was designed to determine the relationship
between body mass index (BMI) and age at menarche in girls (aged 10-19
years) living in Lima (150 m) and in Cerro de Pasco (4,340 m above sea
level) [Peru]. The purpose of the study was to determine whether the
relationships between BMI and both age at menarche and chronological
age differ between girls living at low and at high altitude....From 10
to 16 years of age the Benn index of highlander girls was lower than
that for girls at sea level, but at 17-19 years the differences
disappeared. A later age at menarche was observed at high altitude than
at sea level after controlling for socioeconomic status and for the
Benn index....[The] data suggest that age at menarche has an effect on
both age and the Benn index acting independently and that later age at
menarche in girls from Cerro de Pasco is an independent effect of
altitude."
Correspondence: G. F. Gonzales, Universidad
Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Instituto de Investigaciones de la Altura,
P.O. Box 1843, Lima, Peru. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
62:30583 Martin, John F. Hormonal
and behavioral determinants of the secondary sex ratio. Social
Biology, Vol. 42, No. 3-4, Fall-Winter 1995. 226-46 pp. Port Angeles,
Washington. In Eng.
"The timing of insemination relative to
ovulation and the frequency of insemination appear prominently in
analyses of variations in human secondary sex ratios. Explanations
invoking these variables are shown to be inadequate. A new synthetic
model of sex determination is proposed in which the sex of offspring is
powerfully determined by the state of the cervical mucus. The cervical
state is then shown to be a function of hormonal factors endogenous to
the female in interaction with the effects of pervious
inseminations."
Correspondence: J. F. Martin, Arizona
State University, Department of Anthropology, Tempe, AZ 85287-2402.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
62:30584 Panush, N.; Peritz, E.
Potential demography: a second look. European Journal of
Population/Revue Européenne de Démographie, Vol. 12, No.
1, Mar 1996. 27-39 pp. Hingham, Massachusetts/Dordrecht, Netherlands.
In Eng. with sum. in Fre.
"In the late forties Hersch (1944)
and Mentha (1948) introduced, respectively, the concepts of `potential
years of life' (PYL) and `potential years of life lost' (PYLL)....Our
objectives are: (a) to draw attention to Hersch's concept of potential
years of life (PYL) and to illustrate its usefulness; (b) to define and
illustrate three different manners of computing PYLL and to recommend
one that is simple, intuitively acceptable and reasonably accurate; (c)
to propose some further indicators that can be derived from PYL, PYLL
and the relations between them; and (d) to discuss briefly the
assumptions underlying the calculation of PYL and PYLL, and in
particular those assumptions that are made in the attribution of loss
in potential years of life to specific risk
factors."
Correspondence: N. Panush, 5b Truman Street,
Kefar Saba, Israel. Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
62:30585 Wilmoth, John R.; Lundström,
Hans. Extreme longevity in five countries: presentation of
trends with special attention to issues of data quality. European
Journal of Population/Revue Européenne de Démographie,
Vol. 12, No. 1, Mar 1996. 63-93 pp. Hingham, Massachusetts/Dordrecht,
Netherlands. In Eng. with sum. in Fre.
"Data on the maximum
age at death and other indicators of extreme longevity are assembled
for five countries (Sweden, England & Wales, France, Japan, and the
United States) over various time periods. The raw data are shown in
both graphical and tabular formats. Two types of measures are
presented: the extreme ages at death reported for a given year (i.e.,
the maximum, second, third, and fourth highest), and the upper
percentiles of the age distribution of deaths by year. The analysis
demonstrates that the upper tail of the age distribution of deaths has
moved steadily higher over a period of at least 130 years in Sweden.
Similar trends are observed (over shorter time periods) for other
countries, although in many cases it is argued that the raw data are
flawed due to misstatement (in particular, exaggeration) of age at
death."
Correspondence: J. R. Wilmoth, University of
California, Department of Demography, 2232 Piedmont Avenue, Berkeley,
CA 94720. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
Descriptive studies of income differentials, earnings, career mobility, and other economic characteristics if allocated according to demographic groups. Analytical studies are classified under K.1.1. General Economic Development and Population , and studies concerned with employment and labor force are classified under K.3. Employment and Labor Force Participation .
62:30586 Achdut, Lea. Income
inequality, income composition and macroeconomic trends: Israel,
1979-93. Economica, Vol. 63, Suppl., No. 250(S), 1996. 1-27 pp.
Oxford, England. In Eng.
"The paper offers several
explanations for income inequality trends in Israel during 1979-93. Two
types of analysis are employed: decomposition of the Gini coefficient
by income source and population sub-group, and time-series regression
on macroeconomic variables. It is found that the slight increase in
inequality over the period is a result of opposing forces, and that the
major difference between the inflation (1979-84) and stabilization
(1985-93) periods is in the inequality-reducing effect of direct taxes,
increasing in the first period while declining in the second.
Unemployment had a regressive impact, whereas inflation acted as a
progressive tax in the first period but not in the
second."
Correspondence: L. Achdut, National Insurance
Institute, Jerusalem, Israel. Location: Princeton University
Library (PF).
62:30587 Ahlburg, Dennis A.
Remittances and the income distribution in Tonga. Population
Research and Policy Review, Vol. 15, No. 4, Aug 1996. 391-400 pp.
Dordrecht, Netherlands. In Eng.
"Receipt of remittances from
migrants decreased the inequality of income in Tonga. Policies that
attempt to affect migration or remittance flows, such as policies to
improve the administration and collection of taxes, should take into
account any undesirable effects on the distribution of
income."
Correspondence: D. A. Ahlburg, University of
Minnesota, Industrial Relations Center, 100 Church Street SE,
Minneapolis, MN 55455. Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
62:30588 Blau, Francine D.; Kahn, Lawrence
M. Wage structure and gender earnings differentials: an
international comparison. Economica, Vol. 63, Suppl., No. 250(S),
1996. 29-62 pp. Oxford, England. In Eng.
"Using microdata to
analyse the gender pay gap in ten industrialized nations, we focus on
the role of wage structure--the prices of labour market skills--in
influencing the gender gap. We find wage structure enormously important
in explaining why the U.S. gender gap is higher than that in most other
countries. We conclude that the U.S gap would be similar to that in
Sweden and Australia (the countries with the smallest gaps) if the
United States had their levels of wage inequality. This finding
reflects the larger penalty in the United States for those with low
skill levels or employed in low-wage
sectors."
Correspondence: F. D. Blau, Cornell
University, Ithaca, NY 14853. Location: Princeton University
Library (PF).
62:30589 Duleep, Harriet O.; Regets, Mark
C. Admission criteria and immigrant earnings
profiles. International Migration Review, Vol. 30, No. 2, Summer
1996. 571-90 pp. New York, New York. In Eng.
"To estimate the
effect of admission criteria on immigrant earnings profiles, we use
1980 census data on individuals matched to Immigration and
Naturalization Service information on admission criteria for
country-of-origin/year-of-entry immigrant cohorts. We find that
nonoccupation-based immigration, most of which is family-based, is
associated with lower entry earnings but higher earnings growth than
occupation-based immigration. The higher estimated earnings growth is
sufficient for nonoccupation-based immigrants to catch up with
occupationally admitted immigrants after eleven to eighteen years in
the United States."
Correspondence: H. O. Duleep,
Urban Institute, 2100 M Street NW, Washington, D.C. 20037.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
62:30590 Galor, Oded; Tsiddon,
Daniel. Income distribution and growth: the Kuznets
hypothesis revisited. Economica, Vol. 63, Suppl., No. 250(S),
1996. 103-17 pp. Oxford, England. In Eng.
"This study develops
a general equilibrium model in which the evolution of income inequality
and output conforms with the Kuznets hypothesis. The paper presents a
novel endogenous mechanism that generates the inverted-U relation
between income inequality and per capita output, and captures the
reciprocal influence between the two. Unlike previous attempts for a
comprehensive theoretical modelling of this phenomenon, the evolution
of the economy is consistent with another important empirical
observation: namely, that output growth is accompanied in the early
stages of development by a widening wage differential between skilled
and unskilled labour, whereas in a later stage this wage differential
declines."
Correspondence: O. Galor, Brown University,
Providence, RI 02912. Location: Princeton University Library
(PF).
62:30591 Gemmell, Norman.
Evaluating the impacts of human capital stocks and accumulation on
economic growth: some new evidence. Oxford Bulletin of Economics
and Statistics, Vol. 58, No. 1, Feb 1996. 9-28 pp. Oxford, England. In
Eng.
"Various hypotheses have been put forward in recent years
concerning the contribution of human capital to economic growth. This
paper argues that school enrolment rates--by far the most commonly used
human capital measure in growth regressions attempting to test these
hypotheses--conflate human capital stock and accumulation effects and
lead to misinterpretations of the role of labour force growth. An
alternative education-related human capital measure is constructed
which is capable of distinguishing between stocks and flows. Applying
this measure to samples of developed and less developed countries
during the 1960-85 period suggests not only that there are important
growth effects associated both with `initial' stocks of, and subsequent
growth in, human capital, but also that this new measure out-performs
the simple school enrolment rates used in previous
analyses."
Correspondence: N. Gemmell, University of
Nottingham, Centre for Research in Economic Development and
International Trade, Nottingham NG7 2RD, England. Location:
Princeton University Library (PF).
62:30592 Kritz, Mary M.; Makinwa,
Paulina. Women's control over resources and demand for
children: the Hausa and Yoruba cases. In: Women's position and
demographic change in Sub-Saharan Africa, edited by Paulina Makinwa and
An-Magritt Jensen. 1995. 73-97 pp. International Union for the
Scientific Study of Population [IUSSP]: Liege, Belgium. In Eng.
"We begin with a discussion of the dimension of gender
structure--women's economic activity and earnings control--deemed of
particular importance for demand for children. The paper then examines
how gender structure, particularly the organization of the family and
women's work, differs in two Nigerian ethnic groups, the Hausa and
Yoruba in Kano and Ondo states, respectively. Finally, we use survey
data gathered in 1991 to measure the effects of women's work and
earnings control on the demand for children in those two ethnic
groups."
Correspondence: M. M. Kritz, Cornell
University, Ithaca, NY 14853. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
62:30593 Landale, Nancy S.; Oropesa, R.
S. Immigrant children and the children of immigrants:
inter- and intra-ethnic group differences in the United States.
IPPSR Population Research Group Working Paper, No. 95-02, [1995]. 26
pp. Michigan State University, Institute for Public Policy and Social
Research: East Lansing, Michigan. In Eng.
"Using data from a
child file created from the five percent Public Use Microdata Sample of
the 1990 U.S. Census, this paper provides a descriptive portrait of the
socioeconomic circumstances of children by ethnicity and generation in
the United States. Using a variety of indicators of well-being, we show
that immigrant children from Latin America are highly disadvantaged,
relative to immigrant children from Asia. Generational comparisons
within origin groups generally suggest improvements in children's
circumstances as their families spend additional time in this
country."
Correspondence: Michigan State University,
Institute for Public Policy and Social Research, Population Research
Group, 321 Berkey Hall, East Lansing, MI 48824-1111. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
62:30594 Lerman, Robert I. The
impact of the changing U.S. family structure on child poverty and
income inequality. Economica, Vol. 63, Suppl., No. 250(S), 1996.
119-39 pp. Oxford, England. In Eng.
"This paper analyses links
between rising income inequality, child poverty and one-parent families
in the United States from 1971 to 1989. One test reallocated weights so
that 1989 proportions of children by mother's marital status resembled
the 1971 distribution. A second method used: (1) simulated marriages
among unmarried men and unmarried mothers in 1989 to reproduce 1971
marital patterns; and (2) earnings responses induced by the simulated
marriages. The results indicate that the trend away from marriage
accounted for almost half the increase in child income inequality and
more than the entire rise in child poverty
rates."
Correspondence: R. I. Lerman, Urban Institute,
2100 M Street NW, Washington, D.C. 20037. Location: Princeton
University Library (PF).
62:30595 Maas, Ineke. Demography
and aging: long term effects of divorce, early widowhood, and migration
on resources and integration in old age. Korea Journal of
Population and Development, Vol. 24, No. 2, Dec 1995. 275-99 pp. Seoul,
Korea, Republic of. In Eng.
"Do characteristics of the marital
and migration history of the elderly population of West-Berlin matter
for their present resources and societal integration? To answer this
question we analyse data from the Berlin Aging Study. We show that for
resources in old age, it is important when and under what circumstances
women lost their partner. Divorced women and WWII widows are
financially worse off than never married women, still married women,
and more recent widows, and they also evaluate their health more
negatively than others. The migration history seems equally important.
Financial resources, social resources, and societal integration in old
age depend on characteristics like region of birth and having
experienced flight or expulsion."
Correspondence: I.
Maas, Max-Planck-Institute for Human Development and Education, Berlin,
Germany. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
62:30596 Weinberg, Daniel H. A
brief look at postwar U.S. income inequality. Current Population
Reports, Series P60: Household Economic Studies, No. 191, Jun 1996. 4
pp. U.S. Bureau of the Census: Washington, D.C. In Eng.
The author
discusses long-term changes in income inequality in the United States.
The impacts of changes in the labor market, household composition, and
living arrangements are considered.
Correspondence: U.S.
Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, Mail Stop
SSOM, Washington, D.C. 20402. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
62:30597 West, Kirsten K. Poverty
in the midst of plenty. In: Demographic and structural change: the
effects of the 1980s on American society, edited by Dennis L. Peck and
J. Selwyn Hollingsworth. 1996. 169-86 pp. Greenwood Press: Westport,
Connecticut. In Eng.
"In this chapter, the size and
characteristics of the population in poverty in the 1980s [are]
examined....To understand the trends, an assessment of the income
distribution is offered. Similarly, the size and characteristics of the
population that is working, yet not earning sufficient wages to be
above the official poverty threshold, [are] examined. Finally, to put
the findings in perspective, the concept of relative income is
introduced."
Correspondence: K. K. West, U.S. Bureau
of the Census, Washington, D.C. 20233. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
62:30598 Winkelmann, Rainer.
Unskilled labor and wage determination: an empirical investigation
for Germany. Journal of Population Economics, Vol. 9, No. 2, May
1996. 159-71 pp. New York, New York/Berlin, Germany. In Eng.
"This article contributes to the ongoing debate on native wage
impacts of immigration. I propose a mobile-fixed factor distinction as
a framework in which to think about the differential impact of
immigration on various labor market groups. Skilled workers are treated
as a fixed factor of production since the strong reliance on skill
certification in Germany inhibits mobility and shelters from
competition. Unskilled workers, in contrast, receive competitive wages.
Using data from the German Socio-Economic Panel for 1984-1989 I
estimate panel wage regressions for groups of workers separated by
skill certification. I find that university graduates' wages increase,
and the wages of workers without postsecondary degree decrease, as the
industry share of unskilled workers increases. The effect for
apprentices is ambiguous."
Correspondence: R.
Winkelmann, University of Canterbury, Department of Economics, P.B.
4800, Christchurch, New Zealand. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
Descriptive studies of populations according to literacy and educational attainment, cultural background, religious affiliation, residential characteristics and segregation, and the like. Studies on social mobility are also coded under this heading.
62:30599 Adams, David P. Malaria,
labor, and population distribution in Costa Rica: a biohistorical
perspective. Journal of Interdisciplinary History, Vol. 27, No. 1,
Summer 1996. 75-85 pp. Cambridge, Massachusetts. In Eng.
The author
examines the extent to which malarial conditions helped bring about
residential segregation in Costa Rica from the sixteenth century on. He
concludes that "malaria may not have been the cause of the ethnic,
cultural, and geographical segregation that has persisted in Costa Rica
for almost five centuries; but it did provide a convenient rationale
for it."
Correspondence: D. P. Adams, Duke University,
Department of Community and Family Medicine, Durham, NC 27706.
Location: Princeton University Library (SH).
62:30600 Falah, Ghazi. Living
together apart: residential segregation in mixed Arab-Jewish cities in
Israel. Urban Studies, Vol. 33, No. 6, Jun 1996. 823-57 pp.
Glasgow, Scotland. In Eng.
"This paper examines features of
residential segregation in five mixed Arab-Jewish cities in Israel; the
role of ideology and state politics among the charter group--i.e. the
Jewish population--is considered to be a dominant factor in this social
process. Utilising available Israeli census data supplemented by the
author's own field survey, the study indicates that all five cities
have experienced a continuous trend of high indices of segregation and
hypersegregation. The spatial manifestation of this trend is a classic
display of sectoral (but not concentric) patterns of residency.
Concomitantly, the scope of both social and economic interactions
between the two communities sharing the same urban space remains
underdeveloped. The city has effectively provided a sense of local
identity: both groups live in and are part of the same place, yet this
space is not a locus for genuine integration. A situation of neighbours
without neighbourly relations marks the residential reality of Israeli
mixed cities." This paper mainly concerns the period
1961-1983.
Correspondence: G. Falah, University of Wales,
Department of Geography, Lampeter, Dyfed SA48 7ED, Wales. Location:
Princeton University Library (UES).
62:30601 Hansen, Julia L.
Residential segregation of blacks by income group: evidence from
Oakland. Population Research and Policy Review, Vol. 15, No. 4,
Aug 1996. 369-89 pp. Dordrecht, Netherlands. In Eng.
"This
paper presents evidence on variation in segregation levels experienced
by economic subgroups of blacks in Oakland, California and its
surrounding county. The central finding is that in this area, one of
the most racially integrated in the USA, higher-income blacks exhibit a
substantially higher level of integration with whites than do
lower-income blacks. In addition, higher income blacks made more
progress toward integration in the 1970s. In the 1980s, however,
inequality among blacks declined somewhat as lower middle-income blacks
experienced the greatest gains in integration. By 1990, very-high
income blacks in Oakland had achieved full integration with
whites....Results of this study do not constitute evidence that
increased black incomes would eliminate residential segregation. The
continued significance of race, even for high-income blacks, is
underscored by the finding that their exposure to whites is
significantly lower than expected, given the disproportionate presence
of whites among high-income households."
Correspondence:
J. L. Hansen, Western Washington University, Bellingham, WA 98225.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
62:30602 Lloyd, Cynthia B.; Blanc, Ann
K. Children's schooling in sub-Saharan Africa: the role of
fathers, mothers, and others. Population and Development Review,
Vol. 22, No. 2, Jun 1996. 265-98, 409-11 pp. New York, New York. In
Eng. with sum. in Spa; Fre.
"This article examines some of the
familial determinants of children's enrollment and educational
attainment in sub-Saharan Africa....We begin by reviewing the
determinants of children's schooling within the context of family
support networks in sub-Saharan Africa. We further describe current
levels of school participation and progress among girls and boys of
primary school age as well as several markers of familial support
for...seven countries....Finally, we report on multivariate findings
that assess the relative contribution of various household and parental
characteristics in explaining variations among children in current
enrollment and grade-four completion."
This paper was
originally presented at the 1994 Annual Meeting of the Population
Association of America.
Correspondence: C. B. Lloyd,
Population Council, One Dag Hammarskjold Plaza, New York, NY 10017.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
62:30603 Ma, Z.; Liaw, K.-L.; Zeng,
Y. Spousal-residence separation among Chinese young
couples. Environment and Planning A, Vol. 28, No. 5, May 1996.
877-90 pp. London, England. In Eng.
The factors affecting the
residential separation of spouses in China are examined. "Based on
the microdata of the 1987 National Population Survey, we find that the
variation in spousal-residence separations among Chinese young couples
in the mid-1980s is well explained by personal and household factors
within a multivariate model. The separations were aggravated by
migrations for the reasons of employment or education. Although
marriage migrations reduced the number of separations, those who had
been married for a short period of time...were more prone to be
separated. It is ironic that the higher a person's level of education,
the greater the tendency for them to suffer the pain of
spousal-residence separation. Household status could also be a very
important factor: the lower the household status of a married
individual, the more likely that he (or she) would be separated from
their spouse."
Correspondence: Z. Ma, Hong Kong
University of Science and Technology, Division of Social Science, Clear
Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong. Location: Princeton University
Library (UES).
62:30604 Obermeyer, Carla M.
Religious doctrine, state ideology, and reproductive options in
Islam. In: Power and decision: the social control of reproduction,
edited by Gita Sen and Rachel C. Snow. Mar 1994. 59-75 pp. Harvard
University, Center for Population and Development Studies: Cambridge,
Massachusetts; Harvard University, School of Public Health, Department
of Population and International Health: Boston, Massachusetts. In Eng.
"This chapter assesses the compatibility of Islam with ideas
of reproductive choice through an examination of Islam's doctrinal
principles and their interpretations, and reviews available indicators
of reproductive health in countries of the Middle East as a measure of
reproductive choice. It argues that while the doctrine has a degree of
flexibility on issues of reproduction, the political context is a key
factor for understanding the way in which religious doctrine is
interpreted. The role of the state in shaping women's options through
interpretations of religious doctrine is illustrated through a
discussion of the dramatic reversals in Iran's population
policy."
Correspondence: C. M. Obermeyer, Harvard
University, School of Public Health, Department of Population and
International Health, 655 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
62:30605 Schuler, Sidney R.; Hashemi, Syed M.;
Cullum, Amy; Hassan, Mirza. The advent of family planning
as a social norm in Bangladesh: women's experiences. Reproductive
Health Matters, No. 7, May 1996. 66-78 pp. London, England. In Eng.
with sum. in Fre; Spa.
"Based on findings from ethnographic
research in six villages [in Bangladesh], this paper describes how
family planning came to be defined as a domain in which women are
encouraged to take initiative, in contrast to other spheres of life. It
traces women's experiences and perceptions of family planning in the
context of fertility transition, and examines some of the effects of
family planning on women's lives. The results suggest that by bringing
contraceptives to women in their homes, the family planning programme
has empowered women within the reproductive sphere. At the same time,
however, the patriarchal system that keeps women isolated and dependent
is being reinforced. To counter this, a shift in emphasis towards
clinic-based family planning services, improvements in quality of care,
and interventions specifically aimed at reducing women's social and
economic dependence on men are advocated."
Correspondence:
S. R. Schuler, JSI Research and Training Institute, 1616 North
Fort Myer Drive, Arlington, VA 22209. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
Descriptive studies of populations on the basis of race, ethnic group, language, and national origin.
62:30606 Evinger, Suzann. How to
record race. American Demographics, Vol. 18, No. 5, May 1995.
36-41 pp. Ithaca, New York. In Eng.
"Is there a better way to
measure race and ethnicity [in the United States]? Government
classifications were widely criticized, but research shows no easy way
to reflect the complex ways Americans identify themselves. Multiracial
people, Native Americans, and Hispanics have the most trouble with the
current system. The government will decide whether race questions will
be different on the 2000 census."
Correspondence: S.
Evinger, Office of Management and Budget, Office of Information and
Regulatory Affairs, Washington, D.C. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
62:30607 Matkovic, Gordana. The
Serb population in the former Yugoslavia. [Srpsko stanovnistvo u
SFR Jugoslaviji.] Stanovnistvo, Vol. 33, No. 1-4, Jan-Dec 1995. 71-9
pp. Belgrade, Yugoslavia. In Scr. with sum. in Eng.
"This
article analyzes demographic development [among the] population of Serb
ethnic affiliation in [the] former Yugoslavia. The analysis refers to
the 1948-1991 period and pertains to the country as a whole with the
data for republics and provinces shown separately....The nondemographic
factors which generated the increase or the decrease in Serb population
have been pointed out, as well as their share in total population of a
specific region. Also, the concentration of Serb population in the
specific regions is linked with the changes in their size during
particular intercensal periods."
Correspondence: G.
Matkovic, Univerzitet u Beogradu, Ekonomski Institut, Studentski trg 1,
11001 Belgrade 6, Yugoslavia. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
62:30608 Nault, François; Gauvin,
Pierre R.; George, M. V. Population projections of
registered Indians in Canada, 1991-2015. [Projections de la
population des Indiens inscrits du Canada, 1991-2015.] Cahiers
Québécois de Démographie, Vol. 24, No. 1, Spring
1995. 109-27 pp. Montreal, Canada. In Fre. with sum. in Eng; Spa.
"This article presents the most recent projections for the
population of registered Indians in Canada....The projections are based
on the method of regional components for which patterns for the period
1975-1990 are analyzed. The data, derived from the DIAND's [Department
of Indian Affairs and Northern Development] Indian Registry, have been
adjusted for under-enumeration and late registration of events. The
reinstatements which followed amendments to the Indian Act in 1985 have
been taken into consideration. Results show that the population of
registered Indians in Canada will continue to be young and experience
rapid growth over the course of the period
1991-2015."
Correspondence: F. Nault, Statistics
Canada, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0T6, Canada. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
62:30609 Raduski, Nada. Ethnic
composition of the population of Kosovo, Methohija, and Vojvodina by
commune, 1981-1991. [Etnicki sastav stanovnistva opstina Kosova i
Metohije i Vojvodine, 1981-1991.] Stanovnistvo, Vol. 33, No. 1-4,
Jan-Dec 1995. 81-102 pp. Belgrade, Yugoslavia. In Scr. with sum. in
Eng.
"The paper gives a survey of ethnic composition of the
population of the Republic of Serbia and its provinces based on the
1991 census and attempts to evaluate the changes in the population
composition by ethnic affiliation. Major attention is given to the
investigation of ethnic composition of the population of Kosovo and
[Methohija] and Vojvodina by commune. The time frame of the analysis is
the period from 1981 to 1991."
Correspondence: N.
Raduski, Univerzitet u Beogradu, Institut Drustvenih Nauka, Centar za
Demografska Istrazivanja, Narodnog Fronta 45, 11000
Belgrade,Yugoslavia. Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
62:30610 Sutton, Gordon F.; Chilton, Roland;
Tingos, Kathryn; Pereira, Janna. Ethnic/racial
self-identification and the census undercount. In: American
Statistical Association, 1993 Proceedings of the Government Statistics
Section. [1993]. 97-102 pp. American Statistical Association [ASA]:
Alexandria, Virginia. In Eng.
This study examines the extent to
which changes in preferences for racial and ethnic identification
affect the problem of the undercount in U.S. censuses. The authors use
the examples of the Puerto Rican and Native Indian populations as
recorded in censuses over the course of the twentieth century. They
show that the changing nature of self-reporting of these minorities
affects the enumerated size of the populations concerned. A Preference
Index is developed, defined as "the percent of change in a
population age-cohort in excess or in deficiency from one census to the
next." This Index can be used to estimate both overcounts and
undercounts of ethnic populations in the United
States.
Correspondence: G. F. Sutton, University of
Massachusetts, MISER, Amherst, MA 01003. Location: Princeton
University Library (FST).
62:30611 Tolts, Mark. Trends in
Soviet Jewish demography since the Second World War. In: Jews and
Jewish life in Russia and the Soviet Union, edited by Yaacov Ro'i.
1995. 365-82 pp. Frank Cass: London, England. In Eng.
The author
examines demographic trends among Soviet Jews since World War II and
focuses on their declining numbers over time. Aspects considered
include age/sex structural correlates of demographic erosion; mixed
marriage and its consequences; the balance of births and deaths;
household composition; and recent trends.
Correspondence:
M. Tolts, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Institute of
Contemporary Jewry, Division of Jewish Demography and Statistics,
Gaster Building, Mount Scopus Campus, Jerusalem 91905, Israel.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
62:30612 Wiercinski, Mateusz.
Some problems in the demography of the tribal populations in
India. Mankind Quarterly, Vol. 36, No. 3-4, Spring-Summer 1996.
261-9 pp. Washington, D.C. In Eng.
Some of the problems involved in
the study of the demography of India's tribal populations are
described. They include "limitations set by the varying
definitions of a tribe, by changes to the list of officially recognised
tribes, by qualitative and quantitative deficiencies in demographic
data, by administrative changes to India's regions and by the
reclassification of tribes as castes."
Correspondence:
M. Wiercinski, Pedagogical University, Kielce, Poland.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
62:30613 Woolbright, Louie A.; Hollingsworth,
J. Selwyn. Cross-racial births in the United States,
1968-1988. In: Demographic and structural change: the effects of
the 1980s on American society, edited by Dennis L. Peck and J. Selwyn
Hollingsworth. 1996. 187-204 pp. Greenwood Press: Westport,
Connecticut. In Eng.
"The focal concern of this chapter is to
document and analyze the rapid increase in cross-racial births in the
United States. This growth reflects, in part, social change in race
relations, especially since the 1960s, which has brought about changes
in the ways in which people define themselves. This change, as a major
basis for self-identification, points to a declining significance
regarding the racial category with which people
identify."
Correspondence: L. A. Woolbright, Alabama
Center for Health Statistics, Montgomery, AL. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
62:30614 Zvidrins, Peteris.
Recent changes of ethnic structure in the three Baltic states.
In: Demography, economy and welfare, edited by Christer Lundh. 1995.
336-50 pp. Lund University Press: Lund, Sweden; Chartwell-Bratt:
Bromley, England. In Eng.
"The aim of this article is to
analyse changes in the ethnic structure of the Baltic states. The
recently published 1989 census data allow us to analyse the dynamics of
ethnic structure in Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania during the last few
decades." Aspects considered include ethnic composition in urban
and rural areas, language knowledge, and language use
assimilation.
Correspondence: P. Zvidrins, University of
Latvia, Center of Demography, Rainis Boulevard 19, Riga 226098, Latvia.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
