Studies concerned with the relations between population factors as a whole and noneconomic factors. Relations affecting a single demographic variable are coded under the variable concerned and not in this division. Studies concerned equally with economic and social factors are coded under K.1.1. General Economic Development and Population .
Studies on interrelations with education, religion, social change, and socioeconomic status.
62:20679 Burmeister, Jürgen; Christa,
Harald; Schoolmann, Gerhard. Structural differences in the
organization of social insurance systems in industrialized countries,
with reference to the implications for families: update and extension
of the study on nursing care insurance. [Strukturelle Unterschiede
in der Ausgestaltung sozialer Sicherungssysteme in
Industrieländern im Hinblick auf ihre Bedeutung für die
Familien: Aktualisierung und Erweiterung der Untersuchung auf die
Absicherung bei Pflegebedürftigkeit.] Materialien zur
Bevölkerungswissenschaft, No. 84, 1995. 69 pp. Bundesinstitut
für Bevölkerungsforschung: Wiesbaden, Germany. In Ger.
This work contains updated information intended to supplement a
1991 study comparing social insurance systems in Germany and other
industrialized countries. Separate chapters deal with support in old
age, widowhood, disability, unemployment, illness, parenthood, and
nursing care.
For the 1991 publication, see 58:20654.
Correspondence: Bundesinstitut für
Bevölkerungsforschung, Gustav-Stresemann-Ring 6, Postfach 5528,
65180 Wiesbaden, Germany. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
62:20680 Fargues, Philippe. From
demographic explosion to social rupture. Middle East Report, Vol.
24, No. 5, Sep-Oct 1994. 6-10 pp. Washington, D.C. In Eng.
The
author discusses determinants of the social developments and crises in
contemporary Arab countries. The focus is on the relative impact of
rapid population growth, rising democratization, and increased demands
for products and services. Changes in family size preferences and in
the status of women are explored.
Correspondence: P.
Fargues, Centre d'Etudes et de Documentation Economique, Juridique et
Sociale, 14 Gameyet el-Nisr Street, Mohandessin Dokki, Cairo, Egypt.
Location: Princeton University Library (SY).
62:20681 Feucht, Ralf. Burdens on
the system of old-age pension financed by adjustable contributions in
the context of demographic change. [Lasten der umlagefinanzierten
Altersrente vor dem Hintergrund eines demographischen Wandels.]
Zeitschrift für Bevölkerungswissenschaft, Vol. 20, No. 2,
1995. 215-31 pp. Wiesbaden, Germany. In Ger. with sum. in Eng; Fre.
"With a view to a long-term securing of old-age pensions on
the background of demographic ageing in 1992...the contribution system
of old-age pensions [in Germany] was reformed....Due to a changing
ratio of old-age pensioners and gainfully employed persons...there is
both a revenue and expenditure adjustment....So far children have not
been taken into account in old-age pension funds (with the exception of
upbringing periods which is problematic with regard to distribution
policy), though children tend to have a stabilizing effect on the
financing of the old-age pension system. This contribution [attempts]
to show that both types of [contribution systems] result in
intergenerational and intragenerational effects that cannot be
justified in terms of distribution policy. There is no definite proof
of these distributive effects being compensated by other measures of
family policy."
Correspondence: R. Feucht,
Universität Trier, Fachbereich IV, Wirtschafts- und
Sozialwissenschaften/Mathematik, Universitätsring 15, 54286 Trier,
Germany. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
62:20682 Haveman, Robert; Wolfe,
Barbara. Succeeding generations: on the effects of
investments in children. ISBN 0-87154-377-X. LC 93-41141. 1994.
xi, 331 pp. Russell Sage Foundation: New York, New York. In Eng.
This study examines the status of children in the United States. It
uses data up to 1988 from the Michigan Panel Study of Income Dynamics,
an ongoing longitudinal survey of 1,700 children. The emphasis is on
the deteriorating status of America's children and on the causes of
this decline. The authors first examine the factors affecting the
chances that children will be economically successful. They then
introduce their research in the context of previous studies on the
determinants of children's success. Next, they attempt to sort out some
of the relationships among the various possible investments in
children. The next few chapters look at the determinants of educational
attainment, nonmarital births and welfare recipiency, and economic
inactivity. A final chapter summarizes the findings of this research
and discusses policy implications.
Correspondence: Russell
Sage Foundation, 112 East 64th Street, New York, NY 10021.
Location: Princeton University Library (FST).
62:20683 Henripin, Jacques.
Financial transfers from individuals with high fertility to those
with low fertility. [Les cadeaux financiers des surfeconds aux
sous-feconds.] Population, Vol. 50, No. 4-5, Jul-Oct 1995. 1,053-77 pp.
Paris, France. In Fre. with sum. in Eng; Spa.
"Financial
transfers between more fertile and less fertile members of a cohort are
made indirectly through payment of taxes and the provision of certain
services related to age, such as education, health, and pensions. Those
whose fertility is low subsidize their more fertile contemporaries by
contributing to the cost of education; the more fertile produce
taxpayers who will, in their turn become contributors to health and
pension funds. The age distribution of the population plays a crucial
part in this process of redistribution, and the author assesses its
impact by using stable population models. When a population is
relatively old, net transfers between groups may be substantial, and
benefit those in groups with low fertility, especially those who have
substantially less than the average number of
children."
Correspondence: J. Henripin,
Université de Montreal, C.P. 6128, Succursale A, Montreal,
Quebec H3C 3J7, Canada. Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
62:20684 Höhn, Charlotte;
Störtzbach, Bernd. Demographic aging in the member
countries of the European Union. [Die demographische Alterung in
den Ländern der Europäischen Union.] Geographische
Zeitschrift, Vol. 82, No. 4, 1994. 198-213 pp. Stuttgart, Germany. In
Ger. with sum. in Eng.
"Despite all remaining political,
economical and cultural differences in the member countries of the
European Union...population ageing is a common phenomena of all these
countries....Many spheres of socio-economic life in the countries of
the European Union are already affected by this shifting
process....Most of the social security and welfare systems of the
industrialized countries in the European Union are mainly based on
intergenerational solidarity, a solidarity which is highly burdened by
the demographic development. In this respect policy makers have to take
into consideration the expected changes in the age structure of the
economically active population, changing patterns of labour force
participation as well as changes in family and household structures in
their task to modify existing systems or to build new systems of social
security and welfare under the growing burden of an ageing
society."
Correspondence: C. Höhn, Bundesinstitut
für Bevölkerungsforschung, Postfach 5528, 65180 Wiesbaden,
Germany. Location: Princeton University Library (PR).
62:20685 James, K. S. Demographic
transition and education in Kerala. Economic and Political Weekly,
Vol. 30, No. 51, Dec 23, 1995. 3,274-6 pp. Bombay, India. In Eng.
The impact on education of the fertility decline in the Indian
state of Kerala is examined in the light of the state government's
decision to close 67 schools in the period 1990-1993 due to declining
numbers of children of school age.
Location: Princeton
University Library (PF).
62:20686 Kessler, Denis. The
aging of the population is going to affect all intergenerational
transfers. [Le vieillissement de la population va affecter tous
les transferts intergénérationnels.] Population et
Avenir, No. 625, Nov-Dec 1995. 7-14 pp. Paris, France. In Fre.
The
future effects of demographic aging on the transfer of wealth between
generations in France are explored. Transfers in the private and public
sectors are examined separately. The importance of developing the
appropriate social policies to cope with these changes is
stressed.
Correspondence: D. Kessler, Ecole des Hautes
Etudes en Sciences Sociales, 44 rue de la Tour, 75116 Paris, France.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
62:20687 Nair, V. Balakrishnan.
Social development and demographic changes in south India. Focus on
Kerala. Statistique de la Suisse, ISBN 81-85880-50-6. 1994. [ix],
216 pp. M D Publications: New Delhi, India. In Eng.
This study
consists of an analysis of the demographic transition that has occurred
in the southern Indian state of Kerala. "The present study is
distinct from earlier studies because it shows the relationship between
socioeconomic factors and fertility decline in Kerala through a
comparative analysis of...two contrasting districts viz, one developed
district of [the southern] and another [less] developed district of
[the] northern region of Kerala." The author concludes that the
fertility differences between the developed and undeveloped regions
studied are due to differences in social development, as measured by
education, opportunity costs, and infant mortality rates; cultural
factors, such as religion, the value of children, and age at marriage;
and differences in the efficiency levels of the family planning
programs in the two regions.
Correspondence: M D
Publications, M D House, 11 Darya Ganj, New Delhi 110 002, India.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
62:20688 Nawar, Laila; Lloyd, Cynthia B.;
Ibrahim, Barbara. Women's autonomy and gender roles in
Egyptian families. In: Family, gender, and population in the
Middle East: policies in context, edited by Carla M. Obermeyer. 1995.
147-78 pp. American University in Cairo Press: Cairo, Egypt. In Eng.
"This paper attempts to refine an understanding of personal
autonomy as it applies to the lives of women--particularly married
women--in contemporary Egypt....The paper draws on recent data to link
this profile of women's autonomy to some of the assumptions underlying
population programs in Egypt....[We] explore several aspects of women's
autonomy, starting with early familial influences on the development of
autonomy and proceeding to more contemporary assessments of women's
gender awareness and views on autonomy, their role in family
decision-making, and more overt manifestations of autonomous behavior
(in particular, participation in the formal labor force)....The final
portion of the paper looks at gender roles within the family in
relation to women's autonomy and includes a discussion of possible
implications of differing levels of autonomy for the fertility
preferences and behavior of Egyptian
women."
Correspondence: L. Nawar, Population Council,
Cairo, Egypt. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
62:20689 Pampel, Fred C.; Peters, H.
Elizabeth. The Easterlin effect. Annual Review of
Sociology, Vol. 21, 1995. 163-94 pp. Palo Alto, California. In Eng.
"The Easterlin effect posits cyclical changes in demographic
and social behavior as the result of fluctuations in birth rates and
cohort size during the post-World War II period....The Easterlin effect
has generated a large literature in the several decades since it was
first proposed. Our review of the empirical studies notes the diversity
of support across behaviors, time periods, and nations....Our review
emphasizes both the contingent nature of the Easterlin effect and the
way in which conditions have changed in recent decades to reduce the
salience of cohort size for social and demographic
behavior."
Correspondence: F. C. Pampel, University of
Colorado, Institute of Behavioral Science, Population Program, Campus
Box 484, Boulder, CO 80309-0484. Location: Princeton
University Library (SSRC).
62:20690 Smith, Johan D. Rapid
population growth: effects on the social infrastructures of Southern
Africa. Africa Insight, Vol. 25, No. 1, 1995. 61-6 pp. Pretoria,
South Africa. In Eng.
"The aim of this article...is to look at
the effects of rapid population growth, as seen in Southern Africa, on
social infrastructure."
Correspondence: J. D. Smith,
Africa Institute of South Africa, Box 630, Pretoria 0001, South Africa.
Location: Princeton University Library (PR).
62:20691 United States. Bureau of the Census.
Population Division. International Programs Center (Washington,
D.C.). Women in Poland. Profiles of the World's
Women, No. WID/95-1, Jul 1995. 8 pp. Washington, D.C. In Eng.
This
report investigates the status of women in Poland. Tabular information
is provided on population trends, marital status, family planning,
education, labor force participation, unemployment, income, and women
in politics. It is the first in a planned series on the status of women
in different countries around the world.
Correspondence:
U.S. Bureau of the Census, Population Division, International
Programs Center, Population Studies Branch, Washington, D.C. 20233.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
62:20692 Veith, Karin; Bucher,
Hansjörg. Demographic aging in Germany and the need
for care in private households: a regional perspective.
[Demographische Alterung und Pflegebedürftigkeit in privaten
Haushalten Deutschlands im regionalen Vergleich.] Geographische
Zeitschrift, Vol. 82, No. 4, 1994. 214-25 pp. Stuttgart, Germany. In
Ger. with sum. in Eng.
"In the Federal Republic of Germany
there are regional differences in the ageing process. As a result the
increase of people needing care and attention differs regionally, too.
The authors deal with the following questions: Which particular regions
will be most affected by the ageing process and to which extent? How is
the proportion of people needing care and those providing it in private
households affected by this? To which extent can private households
cope with the demands of nursing elderly people at home?" The
focus is on the period 1992 to 2010.
Correspondence: K.
Veith, Bundesforschungsanstalt für Landeskunde und Raumordnung, Am
Michaelshof 8, 53177 Bonn, Germany. Location: Princeton
University Library (PR).
Studies on the political aspects of population growth, including the demographic impact of war.
62:20693 Barkley, Andrew P.; McMillan,
John. Political freedom and the response to economic
incentives: labor migration in Africa, 1972-1987. Journal of
Development Economics, Vol. 45, No. 2, Dec 1994. 393-406 pp. Amsterdam,
Netherlands. In Eng.
"Policy reforms in developing countries
often address in isolation either an economic or a political problem.
This study examines the interaction between political institutions and
responses of labor migration to economic incentives. Migration data
from thirty-two African countries were used to quantify the statistical
relationships between political institutions and labor migration out of
agriculture. Regression results indicate that the presence of political
freedoms and civil liberties increases the responsiveness of labor
migration to economic incentives."
Correspondence: A.
P. Barkley, Kansas State University, Department of Agricultural
Economics, Manhattan, KS 66506-4011. Location: Princeton
University Library (FST).
62:20694 Blum, Alain; Gousseff,
Catherine. From Soviet demographic space to contemporary
divisions. [De l'espace démographique soviétique au
morcellement contemporain.] Revue d'Etudes Comparatives Est-Ouest, Vol.
26, No. 4, Dec 1995. 143-69, 200 pp. Paris, France. In Fre. with sum.
in Eng.
"The present article examines the relationship which,
prior to independence, existed among the various component peoples of
the USSR; a start is made with behavioral demographic patterns, in
order to understand how they have influenced the contemporary
situation. Two major aspects are examined. The consequences of the
Russian presence in Central Asia are studied through changes in
fertility rates, beginning with an enquiry on this subject carried out
in Uzbekistan in 1992....In the second part, the article considers how
the different levels of territorial division and the specific nature of
the Soviet territory led to particular alignments of Soviet
geographical space which partially anticipated the carving-up into
fifteen states. This present study has been carried out by using
detailed data from the 1989 census to analyze population movements
between place of birth and domicile. In particular, it shows how
republican frontiers could already, to some extent, be regarded as
national frontiers."
Correspondence: A. Blum, Institut
National d'Etudes Démographiques, 27 rue du Commandeur, 75675
Paris Cedex 14, France. Location: Princeton University Library
(PF).
62:20695 Labbé, Morgane. A
demographic interpretation of the East-West frontier. [Une lecture
démographique de la frontière Est-Ouest.] Revue d'Etudes
Comparatives Est-Ouest, Vol. 26, No. 4, Dec 1995. 55-74, 196-7 pp.
Paris, France. In Fre. with sum. in Eng.
"Analysis of the
effects of politics on populations helps towards an understanding of
recent demographic developments in the countries of Eastern Europe. The
greatest differences between Western Europe and Eastern Europe are to
be found in their mortality rates. These differences arise from the
public health systems, for the worsening of adult mortality was common
to the whole of Europe. The higher mortality in East European countries
can thus be explained by the problems of setting up a preventive
policy, since this calls for the encouragement of a new kind of
relationship between the individual and the institution. From this
institutional perspective, it can be seen that the divide between East
and West does not operate in family contexts, such as marriage, divorce
or fertility, when the legal conditions were very
different."
Correspondence: M. Labbé, Institut
National d'Etudes Démographiques, 27 rue du Commandeur, 75675
Paris Cedex 14, France. Location: Princeton University Library
(PF).
62:20696 McNicoll, Geoffrey.
Demography in the unmaking of civil society. Population
Council Research Division Working Paper, No. 79, 1995. 31 pp.
Population Council, Research Division: New York, New York. In Eng.
"A major question in development studies is whether the
curtailment of civil liberties seen in the successful `development
states'--notably, those of East Asia--is a cost worth paying to achieve
rapid economic growth. The question implies a tradeoff between liberty
(roughly gauged by the strength of civil society) and security (in the
sense of a stable political and social order). The tradeoff has
implications for demographic change, working through the resulting pace
of economic growth and through effects on government capacity to
promote demographic objectives. Those implications are explored in this
essay, drawing mainly on recent Indonesian and Philippine
history."
Correspondence: Population Council, One Dag
Hammarskjold Plaza, New York, NY 10017. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
62:20697 Trebici, Vladimir.
Territorial losses of Romania in the summer of 1940: a demographic
account. [Pierderile teritoriale ale Romaniei in vara anului 1940:
bilant demografic.] Probleme Economice, No. 32, 1995. 19 pp. Academia
Romana, Institutul National de Cercetari Economice: Bucharest, Romania;
Centrul de Informare si Documentare Economica Bucuresti: Bucharest,
Romania. In Rum.
The territorial losses experienced by Romania in
1940 and subsequent changes affecting the national territory during
World War II are described. The study focuses on the demographic
consequences of these changes for the population of Romania and
particularly on its ethnic composition.
Correspondence: V.
Trebici, Romanian Academy, Centre of Demographic Research, Calea 13
Septembrie No. 73, 76117 Bucharest, Romania. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
Studies on nutrition and health, including psychological aspects and sex behavior. Studies that are concerned with the impact of these factors on fertility are coded under F.5. Factors Other Than Contraception Affecting Fertility .
62:20698 Botting, Bev. A review
of the health of our children, decennial supplement. Population
Trends, No. 82, Winter 1995. 27-31 pp. London, England. In Eng.
This article, "the second in OPCS's latest series of decennial
supplements, brings together data from a wide variety of sources to
paint a picture of the lifestyle and health of British children in the
1970s and 1980s. This review presents the main findings from the
volume."
Correspondence: B. Botting, Office of
Population Censuses and Surveys, Health Statistics, St. Catherine's
House, 10 Kingsway, London WC2B 6JP, England. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
62:20699 Caldwell, John C.; Caldwell,
Pat. The African AIDS epidemic. Scientific American,
Vol. 274, No. 3, Mar 1996. 62-8 pp. New York, New York. In Eng.
"The scourge of AIDS falls hard on parts of sub-Saharan
Africa. Half of all cases are found within a chain of countries home to
just 2 percent of the world's population. Unlike the scenario in most
regions, here the virus causing the disease spreads almost entirely
through heterosexual intercourse. Only one factor seems to correlate
with the exceptionally high susceptibility: lack of male
circumcision."
Correspondence: J. C. Caldwell,
Australian National University, National Centre for Epidemiology and
Population Health, Health Transition Centre, G.P.O. Box 4, Canberra,
ACT 2601, Australia. Location: Princeton University Library
(SM).
62:20700 Cohen, Barney; Trussell,
James. Preventing and mitigating AIDS in Sub-Saharan
Africa: research and data priorities for the social and behavioral
sciences. ISBN 0-309-05480-X. LC 96-11347. 1996. xi, 356 pp.
National Academy Press: Washington, D.C. In Eng. with sum. in Fre.
This is a report from the Panel on Data and Research Priorities for
Arresting AIDS in Sub-Saharan Africa. The panel was set up by the
Committee on Population of the National Research Council's Commission
on Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education. Its purpose is to
consider the needs for research and data in the social and behavioral
sciences, in order to help improve and extend existing programs and to
devise more effective strategies for new programs aimed at preventing
HIV transmission in Sub-Saharan Africa. The report begins by presenting
information on the societal context and the basic epidemiology of the
HIV epidemic. It then proceeds to identify strategies for preventing
its further spread and for mitigating its effects. "This report
offers recommendations in five critical areas: monitoring of the
overall status and context of the HIV/AIDS epidemic in Africa,
gathering of information on sexual behaviors associated with the spread
of the epidemic, primary HIV-prevention strategies, strategies for
mitigating the impact of the epidemic, and the need for building an
indigenous capacity for AIDS-related research in Africa." A
summary of the report, in both English and French, is published
separately.
Correspondence: National Academy Press, 2101
Constitution Avenue NW, Box 285, Washington, D.C. 20055. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
62:20701 Commission Scientifique de
Démographie (Paris, France). Populations of the
South and health: journeys and horizons. A tribute to Pierre
Cantrelle. [Populations du sud et santé: parcours et
horizons. Hommage à Pierre Cantrelle.] ISBN 2-7099-1276-7. 1995.
302 pp. Institut Français de Recherche Scientifique pour le
Développement en Coopération, ORSTOM Editions: Paris,
France. Distributed by Commission Scientifique de Démographie,
72 route d'Aulnay, 93143 Bondy Cedex, France. In Eng; Fre.
This is
a collection of studies presented in either English or French by
authors from various disciplines. The studies address aspects of the
demography of developing countries with a focus on sub-Saharan Africa.
The publication was prepared as a tribute to the French scholar and
demographer Pierre Cantrelle. The first part is devoted to the work of
Cantrelle himself. The second part is on the theme of observation, and
contains five studies on problems of data collection. The third part
contains eight studies that are concerned with data analysis. The
fourth part consists of two papers that examine the contribution of
demographic research to population policy. Topics covered include
infant mortality, fertility, and reproductive
health.
Correspondence: Institut Français de
Recherche Scientifique pour le Développement en
Coopération, 24 rue Bayard, 75008 Paris, France. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
62:20702 Dunnell, Karen.
Population review: (2) are we healthier? Population Trends,
No. 82, Winter 1995. 12-8 pp. London, England. In Eng.
This is the
second in a planned series reviewing the changing composition of the
population of the United Kingdom. "This article describes how OPCS
statistics can be used to monitor health, to try and answer the
question `are we healthier?' Three aspects of health are covered:
mortality, morbidity, and behaviour known to have an impact on health.
The discussion covers only those statistics which measure health
directly, rather than those deriving from the use of health services.
The article does not put forward any particular definition of health
nor does it attempt to draw together a single measure of health. It
concentrates on the last 10-20 years and aims to cover the whole
spectrum of age and sex groups. The model can be applied to any
subgroup of the population." The geographical focus is on England
and Wales.
For the first article in this series, written by Bob
Armitage and published in 1995, see 62:10560.
Correspondence:
K. Dunnell, Office of Population Censuses and Surveys, Health
Statistics, St. Catherine's House, 10 Kingsway, London WC2B 6JP,
England. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
62:20703 Holtzman, Deborah; Rubinson,
Richard. Parent and peer communication effects on
AIDS-related behavior among U.S. high school students. Family
Planning Perspectives, Vol. 27, No. 6, Nov-Dec 1995. 235-40, 268 pp.
New York, New York. In Eng.
"Data from a 1989 national
probability sample of 8,098 high school students in the United States
indicate that young people's discussions about the human
immunodeficiency virus (HIV) with parents and with peers are highly
correlated and have opposite effects on behavior: Students who
discussed HIV with their parents were less likely than those who did
not to have had multiple sex partners, to have had unprotected sexual
intercourse and to have ever injected drugs; on the other hand,
students who discussed HIV with their peers were more likely than those
who did not to have had multiple partners and to have had unprotected
sexual intercourse. Subgroup analyses show that young women were
influenced more by HIV discussions with parents, while young men were
influenced more by discussions with peers; some communication effects
differed by race and ethnicity. Students who received HIV instruction
in school were more likely to have talked about HIV with both parents
and peers."
Correspondence: D. Holtzman, Centers for
Disease Control and Prevention, Office of Surveillance and Analysis,
1600 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30333. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
62:20704 Lam, Nina S.-N.; Fan, Ming; Liu,
Kam-biu. Spatial-temporal spread of the AIDS epidemic,
1982-1990: a correlogram analysis of four regions of the United
States. Geographical Analysis, Vol. 28, No. 2, Apr 1996. 93-107
pp. Columbus, Ohio. In Eng.
The authors "applied correlogram
analysis to county-level AIDS data of four regions--the Northeast...,
California, Florida, and Louisiana--for the period 1982-1990 to
characterize the spatial-temporal spread of the AIDS epidemic.
Correlograms computed from yearly incidence rates differ substantially
among these four regions, revealing regional differences in the spatial
patterns and intensity of AIDS spread. A general trend of increasing
spread to rural America, however, can still be detected. Contagious
spread was predominant in the Northeast throughout the nine-year
period, whereas California was dominated by hierarchical spread through
time. The spatial-temporal changes of AIDS incidence patterns were most
drastic in Florida, where the correlograms show hierarchical spread in
the early years and then contagious spread in the later years. As a
representative region for most other states in the United States,
Louisiana has low spatial autocorrelation and no definite spatial
pattern of spread."
Correspondence: N. S.-N Lam,
Louisiana State University, Department of Geography, Baton Rouge, LA
70803. Location: Princeton University Library (UES).
62:20705 Löytönen, Markku; Arbona,
Sonia I. Forecasting the AIDS epidemic in Puerto
Rico. Social Science and Medicine, Vol. 42, No. 7, Apr 1996.
997-1,010 pp. Tarrytown, New York/Oxford, England. In Eng.
"The purpose of this study is to model and predict the
diffusion of the AIDS epidemic in Puerto Rico. Specifically we aim at
identifying primary influences in the geographical distribution of the
population affected with AIDS to produce a reasonable projection of the
time and space paths that will be followed by the epidemic. The study
is based on AIDS incidence data from 1982 through 1992....The results
indicate a clear hierarchical tendency at the beginning of the
epidemic, later a wave-like diffusion pattern is also observed. While
the absolute number of new cases is expected to remain higher in the
more urbanized areas, the relative growth of AIDS cases is likely to
become much higher in the rural municipalities. The forecasting
procedure employed here is applicable to population with diverse
epidemiological profiles."
Correspondence: M.
Löytönen, University of Turku, Department of Geography, 20500
Turku, Finland. Location: Princeton University Library (PR).
62:20706 McCauley, Ann P.; Salter, Cynthia;
Kiragu, Karungari; Senderowitz, Judith. Meeting the needs
of young adults. Population Reports, Series J: Family Planning
Programs, Vol. 23, No. 3, Oct 1995. 43 pp. Johns Hopkins University,
Center for Communication Programs, Population Information Program
[PIP]: Baltimore, Maryland. In Eng.
This report concerns the health
needs of adolescents around the world. It points out that one-fifth of
the world's population is aged between 10 and 19, and that each year
some 15 million women under age 20 give birth, accounting for almost
20% of all births worldwide. "Surveys in some developing countries
show between 20% to 60% of current pregnancies and most recent births
among married and unmarried women under 20 were mistimed or
unwanted...."
Correspondence: Johns Hopkins
University, Center for Communication Programs, Population Information
Program, 111 Market Place, Suite 310, Baltimore, MD 21202-4012.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
62:20707 Omran, Abdel R.; Yunes, Joao; Solis,
Jose A.; Lopez, Guillermo. Reproductive health in the
Americas. ISBN 92-75-12047-1. 1992. xii, 593 pp. Pan American
Health Organization [PAHO]: Washington, D.C. In Eng.
This work,
which is also available in Spanish, concerns patterns of human
reproduction in Latin America. It contains a selection of papers by
various authors whose aims are "(a) to describe for the Americas
the various reproductive patterns; (b) to evaluate the impact on health
of family formation patterns and changing attitudes toward
reproduction; (c) to provide the most up-to-date accounts of methods of
fertility regulation; (d) to display the existing experiences in
reproductive health; and (e) to identify unmet needs in service and
research in these areas, and suggest strategies for filling the
gaps."
Correspondence: Pan American Health
Organization, 525 23rd Street NW, Washington, D.C. 20037. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
62:20708 Orubuloye, I. O.; Caldwell, John C.;
Caldwell, Pat. The cultural, social and attitudinal
context of male sexual behaviour in urban south-west Nigeria.
Health Transition Review, Vol. 5, No. 2, Oct 1995. 207-22 pp. Canberra,
Asutralia. In Eng.
"From 1989 onward a research program based
at Ondo State University, Nigeria, investigated the social and
behavioural context of the sexually transmitted disease and AIDS
epidemics....Between 1989 and 1993 the researchers reached the
conclusion that premarital and extramarital sexual activities were on a
sufficient scale in Ondo State to maintain an STD epidemic and possibly
to maintain an AIDS epidemic....The researchers also concluded that the
economic returns to young women from commercial sex were so substantial
and the current and later social sanctions so weak that no government
intervention was likely to reduce the inflow of recruits to the
occupation sufficiently to stem the STD epidemic or reduce the risk of
a major AIDS epidemic. Clearly something would be achieved by a program
aimed at increasing the practice of safe sex, especially the use of
condoms, by everyone participating in sexual networking, particularly
prostitution....The research increasingly suggested that the best
chance of halting the AIDS epidemic and mitigating the impact of STDs
was a change in male sexual behaviour."
Correspondence:
I. O. Orubuloye, Ondo State University, Faculty of Social
Sciences, Ado-Ekiti, Ondo State, Nigeria. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
62:20709 Philipson, Tomas; Posner, Richard
A. The microeconomics of the AIDS epidemic in Africa.
Population and Development Review, Vol. 21, No. 4, Dec 1995. 835-48,
922, 924-5 pp. New York, New York. In Eng. with sum. in Fre; Spa.
"The AIDS epidemic has ravaged sub-Saharan Africa,
particularly the Central and Eastern regions. Although data are poor,
the authors contend that a rational-choice approach, which has proved
illuminating with respect to AIDS in the United States, can be
fruitfully applied to the African experience as well. They suggest that
differences in the prevalence of prostitution and other nonmonogamous
sexual activity, the prevalence of other sexually transmitted diseases,
and the real economic costs of condoms can be used to explain
differences between the U.S. and African patterns of the epidemic,
including the positive correlation in Africa between income and the
likelihood of being infected by the AIDS virus, in contrast to the
negative correlation in the United States. They also argue that some of
the policy interventions that seem promising in the U.S. context, such
as partner notification, are unlikely to be effective in Africa, and
that the most effective method of controlling the African epidemic
might be through measures that increase economic equality between women
and men."
Correspondence: T. Philipson, University of
Chicago, Department of Economics, 1126 East 59th Street, Chicago, IL
60637. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
62:20710 Rimm, Eric B.; Klatsky, Arthur;
Grobbee, Diederick; Stampfer, Meir J. Review of moderate
alcohol consumption and reduced risk of coronary heart disease: is the
effect due to beer, wine, or spirits? British Medical Journal,
Vol. 312, No. 7033, Mar 23, 1996. 731-6 pp. London, England. In Eng.
This study attempts to "review the effect of specific types of
alcoholic drink on coronary risk....[It is designed as a] systematic
review of ecological, case-control, and cohort studies in which
specific associations were available for consumption of beer, wine, and
spirits and risk of coronary heart disease....Results from
observational studies, where alcohol consumption can be linked directly
to an individual's risk of coronary heart disease, provide strong
evidence that all alcoholic drinks are linked with lower risk. Thus, a
substantial portion of the benefit is from alcohol rather than other
components of each type of drink."
Correspondence: E.
B. Rimm, Harvard School of Public Health, Department of Nutrition,
Boston, MA 02115. Location: Princeton University Library (SZ).
62:20711 Rollet, Catherine. State
influence on the health of the child. [La santé du premier
âge sous le regard de l'état.] Cahiers
Québécois de Démographie, Vol. 23, No. 2, Autumn
1994. 257-95 pp. Montreal, Canada. In Fre. with sum. in Eng; Spa.
"This article follows the major historical steps with respect
to the protection of the child aged less than three years in France and
in Canada over the course of a century. Analysis focuses first on the
motives behind increased intervention by political leaders on behalf of
the child; next on the protection of the welfare of the mother and
child; and finally on the evolution of demographic characteristics, in
relation with processes of social and geographic differentiation. A
remarkable convergence is observed between the two countries, despite
veritable differences in political pressures and actions, traceable
back to certain common structural traits, and linked with emerging
patterns of international exchanges favouring the modelling of a new
culture regarding childhood."
Correspondence: C.
Rollet, Université de Versailles, Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines,
France. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
62:20712 Stewart, M. Kathryn; Stanton, Cynthia
K.; Festin, Mario; Jacobson, Nora. Issues in measuring
maternal morbidity: lessons from the Philippines Safe Motherhood Survey
Project. Studies in Family Planning, Vol. 27, No. 1, Jan-Feb 1996.
29-35 pp. New York, New York. In Eng.
"This report explores
the limitations of survey research for obtaining population-based data
to define the magnitude of maternal morbidity in settings that lack a
well-developed infrastructure to support women's health requirements.
The experience gained in the Philippines Safe Motherhood Survey Project
is described. The drawbacks and benefits of the preliminary validation
and qualitative phase of research conducted to develop the
questionnaire are presented. The survey results indicate that
interview-based diagnosis, although it implies the commitment of
considerable resources, may be the only way to obtain an idea of the
prevalence of some kinds of maternal morbidity in a given population,
information necessary to the improvement of obstetric care and women's
overall health status."
Correspondence: M. K. Stewart,
Macro International, Demographic and Health Surveys, 11785 Beltsville
Drive, Calverton, MD 20705-3119. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
62:20713 Thomas, Richard.
Alternative population dynamics in selected HIV/AIDS modeling
systems: some cross-national comparisons. Geographical Analysis,
Vol. 28, No. 2, Apr 1996. 108-25 pp. Columbus, Ohio. In Eng.
"This paper examines how demographic representations for the
different risk populations influence the epidemic outputs of a simple
process-based HIV/AIDS model. Alternative demographic specifications
are presented in conjunction with transmission rules for both community
and regional settings. Then, the existence, or nonexistence, of
equilibrium solutions to these various models is determined to evaluate
whether the forecast AIDS series will persist indefinitely or
eventually terminate. Last, simulations for countries with distinctive
birth and death rates are used to summarize the effect of this
variation on the timing and size of the epidemic. All the results
assume an epidemic that is unaffected by the practice of safer
sex."
Correspondence: R. Thomas, University of
Manchester, School of Geography, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL,
England. Location: Princeton University Library (UES).
62:20714 Tulchinsky, Theodore H.; Varavikova,
Elena A. Addressing the epidemiologic transition in the
former Soviet Union: strategies for health system and public health
reform in Russia. American Journal of Public Health, Vol. 86, No.
3, Mar 1996. 313-20 pp. Washington, D.C. In Eng.
This is a review
of Russia's health crisis. It provides an analysis of the financing,
organization, and future needs of the Russian health sector. The
authors conclude that "longevity is declining; mortality rates
from cardiovascular diseases and trauma are high and rising; maternal
and infant mortality are high. Vaccine-preventable diseases have
reappeared in epidemic form. Nutrition status is problematic."
They go on to address the basic reforms that are needed to improve the
health situation of the country.
Correspondence: T. H.
Tulchinsky, Hadassah-Hebrew University, School of Public Health, Ein
Karem, Jerusalem 91010, Israel. Location: Princeton University
Library (SZ).
Studies on consanguinity and isolates, inbreeding, and twinning.
62:20715 Weller, Bob. Biosocial
models of demographic behavior. Population Research and Policy
Review, Vol. 14, No. 3, Sep 1995. 277-371 pp. Kluwer Academic: Norwell,
Massachusetts/Dordrecht, Netherlands. In Eng.
"A workshop on
biosocial models of demographic behavior was organized to provide
information to members of the Social Sciences and Population Study
Section (SSP), the group entrusted by the [U.S.] National Institutes of
Health (NIH) with the responsibility for conducting the first level of
peer review of demographic applications submitted to NIH for possible
funding....This [special issue] contains papers that focus upon various
stages of the life cycle and explore the importance of biosocial
variables in explaining selected aspects of human
behavior."
Selected items will be cited in this or subsequent
issues of Population Index.
Correspondence: Kluwer Academic
Publishers Group, P.O. Box 322, 3300 AH Dordrecht, Netherlands.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
