Studies concerned with the relations between population factors as a whole and economic aspects. Relations affecting a single demographic variable and economic factors are coded under the variable concerned and cross-referenced to this division, if appropriate.
Studies concerned equally with economic and social development. Most studies on the microeconomics of the family will be found in G.2. Family and Household and cross-referenced to this division, if appropriate.
Studies on economic and social development with a worldwide emphasis, together with those with no geographical emphasis.
62:20624 Clarke, Harry R.; Ng,
Yew-Kwang. Population growth and the benefits from
optimally priced externalities. Australian Economic Papers, Vol.
34, No. 64, Jun 1995. 113-9 pp. Adelaide, Australia. In Eng.
"In this article we show that, considering only economic
effects, even if population growth, by natural increase or immigration,
increases congestion, pollution, and other forms of external costs,
that provided pre-existing citizens own the resources giving rise to
the externalities, and provided they efficiently price usage of such,
that existing citizens must, in net average terms, be better off with
population growth than without it. In simple terms the increased
revenues they gain from efficient pricing at increased demand levels
will be strictly greater than the monetary value of the increased
external costs together with the higher tax costs they incur as
consumers of the resources."
Correspondence: H. R.
Clarke, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria 3082, Australia.
Location: Princeton University Library (PF).
62:20625 Kelley, Allen C.; Schmidt, Robert
M. Aggregate population and economic growth correlations:
the role of the components of demographic change. Demography, Vol.
32, No. 4, Nov 1995. 543-55 pp. Washington, D.C. In Eng.
"The
results of recent correlations showing a negative impact of population
growth on economic development in cross-country data for the 1980s,
versus `nonsignificant' correlations widely found for the 1960s and
1970s, are examined with contemporaneous and lagged components of
demographic change, convergence-type economic modeling, and several
statistical frameworks. The separate impacts of births and deaths are
found to be notable but offsetting in the earlier periods. In contrast,
the short-run costs (benefits) of births (mortality reduction) increase
(decrease) significantly in the 1980s, and the favorable labor-force
impacts of past births are not fully
offsetting."
Correspondence: A. C. Kelley, Duke
University, Center for Demographic Studies, Durham, NC 27708.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
62:20626 Schultz, T. Paul.
Investments in women's human capital. ISBN 0-226-74087-0. LC
94-40577. 1995. vi, 461 pp. University of Chicago Press: Chicago,
Illinois. In Eng.
This is a collection of studies by various
authors on aspects of the allocation of human capital investments
between men and women in families and societies around the world. The
papers were originally discussed at a meeting held in Bellagio, Italy,
in May 1992. The 13 papers are organized under the following topics:
overview and experience of high-income countries; labor markets,
uncertainty, and family behavior; health; education; and household
structure and labor markets in Brazil. "The objective of this book
is to collect empirical analysis of who receives human
capital--nutrition, health care, education, mobility, training--and
what explains this allocation of intergenerational investment between
males and females. The primary, but not exclusive, concern is with
low-income countries where these gender inequalities tend to be
relatively larger."
Correspondence: University of
Chicago Press, 5801 South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, IL 60637.
Location: Princeton University Library (FST).
General studies on the relations between population factors and economic development in developing countries. Includes studies on dependency as they relate to developing countries.
62:20627 Kapuria-Foreman, Vibha.
Population and growth causality in developing countries.
Journal of Developing Areas, Vol. 29, No. 4, Jul 1995. 531-40 pp.
Macomb, Illinois. In Eng.
"My objective in this paper was to
analyze the causal relationship between economic growth and population
growth in 15 developing countries. I hypothesized that the absence of a
significant relationship in previous studies arose from their
employment of cross-sectional analysis (thus lumping together diverse
country experiences), their neglect of the dynamic nature of the
relationship, and their assumption that there was no feedback from
economic growth to population growth. The results of this investigation
reveal an absence of feedback between population growth and economic
growth in the developing countries examined. They also reveal support
for the positive impact of population growth on economic growth and
further weaken the antinatalist case."
Correspondence:
V. Kapuria-Foreman, Colorado College, Department of Economics and
Business, Colorado Springs, CO 80903. Location: Princeton
University Library (PR).
62:20628 Larivière,
Jean-Pierre. North Korea: socioeconomic characteristics,
demographic parallels with the South. [Corée du Nord:
particularisme socio-économique, parallélisme
démographique avec le Sud.] Espace, Populations,
Sociétés, No. 2, 1995. 203-7 pp. Villeneuve d'Ascq,
France. In Fre. with sum. in Eng.
"The two states of the
Korean peninsula have similarities in their demographic evolution. The
North, where the drop in fertility arrived later and was weaker, is
today, like the South, well advanced in the second phase of its
demographic transition. Indeed, North Korea, with some characteristics
linked to its political and economic organization, has experienced a
profound social change. Its development into a largely
city-and-industry-based society has prompted the demographic
transformation."
Correspondence: J.-P.
Larivière, Université de Rennes 2, 6 avenue Gaston
Berger, 35043 Rennes Cedex, France. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
62:20629 Morocco. Direction de la Statistique.
Centre d'Etudes et de Recherches Démographiques [CERED] (Rabat,
Morocco). Population growth and rural development.
[Croissance démographique et développement du monde
rural.] Etudes Démographiques, ISBN 9981-20-031-X. 1995. 220 pp.
Rabat, Morocco. In Fre.
Demographic and socioeconomic development
trends in the rural regions of Morocco are analyzed using data from
official sources, including the 1994 census. Part 1 has chapters on
population dynamics, family characteristics, education and health, and
the rural exodus. Part 2 looks at economic activity and the
infrastructure in rural areas. Part 3 considers the impact of
population growth, and Part 4 examines the impact of population growth
on agricultural production and the rural exodus.
Correspondence:
Direction de la Statistique, Centre d'Etudes et de Recherches
Démographiques, Rue Mohamed Belhassan el Ouazzani, Haut-Agdal,
B.P. 178, Rabat, Morocco. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
62:20630 Neupert, Ricardo F.
Population and the pastoral economy in Mongolia. Working
Papers in Demography, No. 58, 1995. 25 pp. Australian National
University, Research School of Social Sciences, Department of
Demography: Canberra, Australia. In Eng.
"The central
hypothesis discussed in this study is that the main determinant of the
subsistence of nomadic pastoralism in Mongolia has been the low
population density existing in rural areas....The first purpose of this
paper is to examine [this] hypothesis....A second objective is to
discuss the possible impact on the pastoral economy of some of the
economic transformation that Mongolia has been experiencing after the
1990 reform movement....A third objective of this paper is to analyse
the policy implications of these events and to propose a framework for
the discussion of possible interventions."
Correspondence:
Australian National University, Research School of Social
Sciences, Department of Demography, G.P.O. Box 4, Canberra, ACT 2601,
Australia. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
62:20631 Palloni, Alberto; Hill, Kenneth;
Pinto Aguirre, Guido. Economic swings and demographic
changes in the history of Latin America. Population Studies, Vol.
50, No. 1, Mar 1996. 105-32 pp. London, England. In Eng.
"In
this paper we study the effects of short-term fluctuations in
indicators of economic well-being on selected demographic response such
as births, marriages and deaths at age intervals in eleven Latin
American countries between 1910 and 1990. We use conventional
distributed lag models to assess the magnitude and direction of effects
and test a variety of hypotheses some of which have been posed to hold
in Western Europe and others that are more specific and tailored to the
Latin American context. We also compare the magnitude and direction of
effects obtained among these countries with those obtained for
pre-industrial Europe and uncover the existence of broadly similar
patterns."
Correspondence: A. Palloni, University of
Wisconsin, Center for Demography and Ecology, 4412 Social Science
Building, 1180 Observatory Drive, Madison, WI 53706-1393. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
62:20632 Ray, Manashi. Economics
of population and development. Economic and Political Weekly, Vol.
30, No. 36, Sep 9, 1995. 2,263-8 pp. Bombay, India. In Eng.
The
author argues that rapid population growth in itself is not a serious
development problem for developing countries. "Contrary to
customary assumptions, population growth in conjunction with other
determinants of development has on many instances promoted social
change, and in the recent past has been a boom to economic growth in
the newly industrialized countries. It is therefore an issue of
management and optimum utilisation of present and future human
resources."
Location: Princeton University Library
(PF).
62:20633 Simone, AbdouMaliqalim.
From reproduction to reinvention: women's roles in African
cities. Africa Insight, Vol. 25, No. 1, 1995. 4-14 pp. Pretoria,
South Africa. In Eng.
"Should women constitute the primary
locus through which African societies and the international community
direct interventions to stem the tide of population growth within an
overall context of economic deterioration? At the 1994 International
Conference on Population and Development, many women tried to steer the
issue toward an elaboration of women's rights, improved living
conditions for all members of impoverished societies, and a reduction
of consumption levels in the North." In this paper, the author
"argues that population will not be `controlled' unless states
find new ways to harness the multiplicity of social collaboration
engineered--especially by urban women--to accomplish everyday survival
and build institutions capable of mediating the intensification of
household, gender, ethnic, generational and subregional conflicts
exacerbated by increasing poverty."
Location:
Princeton University Library (PR).
Studies on the relations between population and economic factors as they affect the developed world. Also includes studies on the economic effects of a stationary or declining population, the effects of aging on the economy, retirement, and problems of economic dependency in developed countries.
62:20634 Börsch-Supan, Axel.
Aging in Germany and the United States: international
comparisons. In: Studies in the economics of aging, edited by
David A. Wise. NBER Project Report, 1994. 291-329 pp. University of
Chicago Press: Chicago, Illinois. In Eng.
"This paper reports
on a set of international comparisons of how the German and the U.S.
economies are affected by population aging. The purpose of the paper is
to employ cross-national comparisons to learn about the microeconomic
mechanisms in labor, financial, and housing markets that are most
important for an analysis of how population aging affects our economies
and, from an understanding of these mechanisms, to discuss policy
options that may moderate the implications of population aging. The
paper concentrates on three microeconomic decisions: when to retire,
how much to save, and where to live."
Correspondence:
A. Börsch-Supan, University of Mannheim, Department of
Economics, Postfach 10 34 62, 68131 Mannheim 1, Germany. Location:
Princeton University Library (FST).
62:20635 Cheung, Edward.
Baby-boomers, generation-X and social cycles. Rev. ed. ISBN
1-896330-03-7. 1995. 119 pp. Longwave Press: Toronto, Canada. In Eng.
The author examines population trends in Canada over time, and
identifies a series of long-wave cycles of about 54 years in duration.
The first chapter describes how these cycles affect the characteristics
of the population. The second chapter is concerned with the impact of
these population trends on social factors, such as prohibition, the
women's movement, urban reform, popular music, and political events.
The third chapter concerns the relationship between demographic and
economic factors, such as consumption, savings, investment, and the
labor force.
Correspondence: Longwave Press, P.O. Box 100,
368 Highfield Road, Toronto, Ontario M4L 2V6, Canada. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
62:20636 Fleischhacker, Jochen.
The impact of deindustrialization and unemployment on family
formation and fertility in East Germany. Geographia Polonica, Vol.
64, 1995. 117-35 pp. Warsaw, Poland. In Eng.
"The paper
analyses the demographic situation in East Germany which has changed
fundamentally since 1989. Trends towards deindustrialization and a high
level of unemployment especially among women are basic features of
demographic development in East Germany. The dismantling of industrial
capacities accompanying the economic transformation process in East
Germany was not only the result of differences in productivity between
East and West Germany, but also of regional strains on the environment.
It has been proved that the one-sided economic policy in the GDR and
the resulting environmental damages in East Germany have not led to
major changes in birth and mortality
rates."
Correspondence: J. Fleischhacker, Humboldt
University of Berlin, Faculty of Philosophy III, Unter den Linden,
1086/10117 Berlin, Germany. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
62:20637 Frakulli-Dumani, Bukuri.
Birthrates and socio-economic development in Albania.
[Natalité et développement socio-economique en Albanie.]
Cahiers du CIDEP, No. 28, ISBN 2-87209-387-7. Dec 1995. 90 pp.
Academia-Bruylant: Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium; L'Harmattan: Paris,
France. In Fre. with sum. in Eng; Spa; Dut; Ara.
"Albania
stands apart in the demo-economic development of Europe; its
socio-economic progress is low, its birthrates high. Is the economy
weak because of strong birthrates or vice versa? Since 1960 the
population has been attracted to reducing birthrates for individual,
family and social motives based on socio-economic and cultural factors,
but demographic phenomena are notoriously slow moving. The working
population, for instance, is still growing annually, necessitating
investments in the field of employment. But the weakness of these
investments means unemployment is increasing, emigration is massive,
family incomes are eaten up by food budgets, infantile malnutrition is
widespread, minimal living standards are difficult to
maintain."
Correspondence: Academia-Bruylant, 25 Grand
Rue, Boite 115, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
62:20638 Gonnot, Jean-Pierre; Prinz,
Christopher; Keilman, Nico. Adjustments of public pension
schemes in twelve industrialized countries: possible answers to
population ageing. European Journal of Population/Revue
Européenne de Démographie, Vol. 11, No. 4, Dec 1995.
371-98 pp. Dordrecht, Netherlands. In Eng. with sum. in Fre.
"This article analyses the impact of population dynamics on
future public pension expenditure in twelve industrialized countries.
Whereas previous studies have mainly emphasized ageing effects, this
study looks into the consequences of changing marital status structures
as well. Old age pensions, disability, and survivor's pensions are
investigated. Various sets of demographic and pension scenarios are
formulated for the projections, dealing with changes in demographic,
labour force and pension system variables in the future. The analyses
show that there can be no adequate demographic response to rising
pension costs caused by population ageing at the horizon 2030. Neither
an increase in fertility nor an inflow of migrants can rejuvenate
national populations, unless fertility and/or migration reach
unrealistically high levels. Instead, substantial reductions of the
public pension burden have to be sought in socioeconomic
measures."
Correspondence: J.-P. Gonnot, UN Economic
Commission for Europe, Palais de Nations, Geneva 10, Switzerland.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
62:20639 Livi Bacci, Massimo.
Demographics and the pension system. Review of Economic
Conditions in Italy, No. 1, Jan-Jun 1995. 9-29 pp. Rome, Italy. In Eng.
"Italian demographic evolution closely resembles that of the
other leading European countries, although with some distinctive
features, such as a lower birth rate, more rapid population aging and
fewer immigrants. Projections for the next two or three decades point
to accelerating expansion of the aged population, especially of the
very old, and a contraction of the working age population after the
turn of the century. However, there are also unknowns involved in the
demographic evolution of the aged population, turning on the speed of
the decline in senile mortality in the decades to come and the possible
effects on the health of the elderly population, hence on the demand
for social services, considering among other things changing family
patterns. There is broad agreement that the birth rate is now too low,
that this could have serious long-run repercussions on relations
between generations and on intergenerational transfers, and that there
is room for social policy action to influence the reproductive choices
of couples. This article examines several possible reproductive models
and discusses the foundations for action and the potential policy
contradictions."
Correspondence: M. Livi Bacci,
University of Florence, Department of Statistics, 50121 Florence,
Italy. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
62:20640 Noguchi, Yukio; Wise, David
A. Aging in the United States and Japan: economic
trends. NBER Conference Report, ISBN 0-226-59018-6. LC 94-14101.
1994. ix, 203 pp. University of Chicago Press: Chicago, Illinois. In
Eng.
"The [seven] papers in this volume were presented at the
first of a series of conferences sponsored jointly by the National
Bureau of Economic Research and the Japan Center for Economic
Research." The subject of this conference was demographic aging in
the United States and Japan, particularly the economics of the aged and
the economics of aging. "The volume contains papers on labor force
participation and retirement, the economic status and housing of the
elderly, the budget implications of population aging, and the
utilization of health care."
Correspondence:
University of Chicago Press, 5801 South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, IL
60637. Location: Princeton University Library (FST).
62:20641 Pollard, John H. Long
term care in selected countries: demographic and insurance
perspectives. Zeitschrift für Bevölkerungswissenschaft,
Vol. 20, No. 3, 1995. 293-310 pp. Wiesbaden, Germany. In Eng. with sum.
in Ger; Fre.
"Governments of low fertility European nations
have been aware for some time of the growing problem of providing
pensions to their now rapidly ageing populations, a situation
exacerbated by continuing substantial improvements in life
expectancy....In this paper, we examine the likely needs for long term
care in six selected countries and the implications in terms of cost.
The difficulty of defining and measuring the need for such care is
emphasised. Approaches which have been adopted to deal with the growing
demand for long term care in certain countries are outlined, and
alternative methods for financing the considerable costs involved are
discussed."
Correspondence: J. H. Pollard, Macquarie
University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
62:20642 Shoven, John B.; Topper, Michael D.;
Wise, David A. The impact of the demographic transition on
government spending. In: Studies in the economics of aging, edited
by David A. Wise. NBER Project Report, 1994. 13-37 pp. University of
Chicago Press: Chicago, Illinois. In Eng.
"The goal of this
research is to determine the impact on government budgets of predicted
changes in demographic structure in the United States over the next 90
years....Our basic approach identifies those government programs for
which beneficiaries can be distinguished....We calculate the cost to
taxpayers of maintaining the 1986 level of
age/family-structure-specific payments for each of 22 government
programs for which we could identify beneficiaries. We estimate these
costs for 1990, and at 20-year intervals from 2000 to 2080. These
programs include Social Security, Medicare, Medicaid, education, and a
range of income support, welfare, and work-related government
programs....In total, the programs we examine account for about 40
percent of all government expenditure. We find that maintaining the
benefit levels for each age-specific family type would require quite
dramatic increases in the total funds allocated to these
programs."
Correspondence: J. B. Shoven, Stanford
University, Department of Economics, Encina Hall, Stanford, CA 94305.
Location: Princeton University Library (FST).
62:20643 Wise, David A. Studies
in the economics of aging. NBER Project Report, ISBN
0-226-90294-3. LC 94-16196. 1994. xi, 456 pp. University of Chicago
Press: Chicago, Illinois. In Eng.
"This volume consists of
papers presented at a conference held at Caneel Bay, St. John, U.S.
Virgin Islands, May 7-9, 1992. It is part of the National Bureau of
Economic Research's ongoing project on the economics of aging....The
goal of the economics of aging project is to further our understanding
of the consequences for older people and for the population at large of
an aging population. The papers in this volume deal with death rates
and life expectancy, saving for retirement, retirement behavior,
demographic transition, international comparisons, and long-term
care." The primary geographical focus is on the United States,
with comparative studies concerning Germany and Taiwan.
Selected
items will be cited in this or subsequent issues of Population
Index.
Correspondence: University of Chicago Press, 5801
South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, IL 60637. Location: Princeton
University Library (FST).
Studies on the environment, quality of life, conservation, food production, etc., and their interrelations with population factors.
62:20644 Birg, H.; Fritsch, B.; Hösle,
V. Population, environment and sustainable
livelihood. IBS-Materialien, No. 37, ISBN 3-923340-31-1. 1995. 100
pp. Universität Bielefeld, Institut für
Bevölkerungsforschung und Sozialpolitik [IBS]: Bielefeld, Germany.
In Eng.
This is a collection of three articles on population,
environment, and sustainable development worldwide. Aspects considered
include world population projections for the twenty-first century, and
moral ends and means of world population policy.
Correspondence:
Universität Bielefeld, Institut für
Bevölkerungsforschung und Sozialpolitik, Universitätsstrasse,
Postfach 8640, 4800 Bielefeld 1, Germany. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
62:20645 Brown, Lester. Who will
feed China? Wake-up call for a small planet. Worldwatch
Environmental Alert Series, ISBN 1-85383-316-9. 1995. 160 pp. Earthscan
Publications: London, England. In Eng.
The author describes the
rapid industrialization that is occurring in China, which, along with
continuing population growth, has led not only to an increasing demand
for a variety of foods, but also to a decrease in available cropland
and in local grain production. "The result has been to turn China,
within the course of 12 months, from being an exporter of grain and
other foodstuffs, to a net importer. And the speed and scale of this
turnaround mean that China is facing a grain deficit so large it could
overwhelm the export capacities of major producers such as the [United
States]. The resulting fierce competition could send grain prices
rocketing--with disastrous effects for the world's poor. The bottom
line is that China's shortage of cropland and water will become the
world's shortage, and her rising food prices will become the world's
rising food prices. This is a wake-up call for a planet reaching the
limits of its capacity."
Correspondence: Earthscan
Publications, 120 Pentonville Road, London N1 9JN, England.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
62:20646 Coward, Harold.
Population, consumption, and the environment: religious and secular
responses. ISBN 0-7914-2671-8. LC 95-81019. 1995. vii, 319 pp.
State University of New York Press: Albany, New York. In Eng.
"This book concentrates on the different ways in which the
major world religions view the problems of overpopulation and excess
resource consumption and how they approach possible solutions. After
examining the natural background and the human context, the book moves
on to consider both religious and secular approaches. It analyzes how a
particular religion's scriptures comment on the nature of people, the
environment, people's place in the environment, and their roles and
responsibilities. The historical dimension is derived from reviewing a
particular religion's record in teaching about these issues, often
demonstrating how broader issues are addressed. Practical lessons are
learned from religious guidelines that deal with current problems and
offer solutions. The author considers Aboriginal spirituality, Judaism,
Christianity, Islam, Hinduism, Buddhism, and Chinese religions. The
secular approaches include secular ethics, North-South relations,
market forces, the status of women, and international
law."
Correspondence: State University of New York
Press, State University Plaza, Albany, NY 12246. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
62:20647 Gulati, S. C.; Chopra,
Kanchan. Population redistribution, environmental
degradation and landuse patterns: a district level study of linkages in
arid and semiarid zones of India. Demography India, Vol. 23, No.
1-2, Jan-Dec 1994. 1-14 pp. Delhi, India. In Eng.
"This paper
aims at examining the relationship between environmental degradation
and the different kinds of migration that might coexist in a certain
empirical situation from a more macro or district level perspective. It
examines the nature and strength of linkages between population growth
and its redistribution, changing land use patterns and environmental
degradation process over the 1980s in arid and semiarid zones of India.
The study accounts for the interactions by formulating a simultaneous
structural system, with distress rural outmigration, environmental
degradation, and landuse pattern variables being endogenous in the
system, and some relevant demographic and developmental predictors
being treated as exogenous to the system....[The study] pertains to 89
districts over arid and semiarid tracts over the Central and the
Western parts of India."
Correspondence: S. C. Gulati,
Delhi University, Institute of Economic Growth, Delhi 110 007, India.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
62:20648 Homer-Dixon, Thomas. The
ingenuity gap: can poor countries adapt to resource scarcity?
Population and Development Review, Vol. 21, No. 3, Sep 1995. 587-612,
706, 708 pp. New York, New York. In Eng. with sum. in Fre; Spa.
"My focus here...is on the generation of ideas, or what I call
`ingenuity,' in response to resource scarcity. In its simplest form,
the central question I ask is: Can humans be smart enough at the right
times and places--can they generate and disseminate enough
ingenuity--to keep scarcity from negatively affecting their wellbeing?
In answer, I first discuss what I mean by ingenuity. I then identify
some factors that affect the requirement for and the supply of
ingenuity. In some societies, I argue, resource scarcity can
simultaneously increase the requirement and impede supply, producing an
`ingenuity gap' that may have critical consequences for adaptation and,
in turn, social stability."
Correspondence: T.
Homer-Dixon, University of Toronto, Peace and Conflict Studies Program,
Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A1, Canada. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
62:20649 Jiggins, Janice.
Changing the boundaries: women-centered perspectives on population
and the environment. ISBN 1-55963-259-3. LC 94-21949. 1994. xx,
291 pp. Island Press: Washington, D.C. In Eng.
This study
emphasizes the crucial role that women must play if global problems of
population growth and environmental degradation are to be solved. The
author describes the increasing success that women are having in
getting involved in the development of humane population policies that
advocate gender equality and the rights of women to control their own
bodies, to regulate their own fertility, and to make decisions on their
livelihood. The book contains chapters on women and sustainable
development, the availability of accurate data on environmental and
population issues, women's education, reproductive health, and women,
agriculture, and natural resources.
Correspondence: Island
Press, 1718 Connecticut Avenue NW, Suite 300, Washington, D.C. 20009.
Location: Princeton University Library (FST).
62:20650 Joekes, Susan; Heyzer, Noeleen;
Oniang'o, Ruth; Salles, Vania. Gender, environment and
population. Development and Change, Vol. 25, No. 1, Jan 1994.
137-65 pp. Oxford, England. In Eng.
"Based on field research
from three regions with distinct variations in environment, population
density, livelihood bases and levels of resource dependency, this study
investigates the gender aspects of environmental change. It seeks to
illustrate the relevance of gender factors for the patterns of
adaptation to change, for the welfare impact of changes on the
population, and for the ramifications for resource management and
livelihood generation at the community level. It employs a gender
analysis to examine the impact of such changes on population variables,
particularly on health and nutrition, and to explore the more general
question of whether women's socio-economic status is being threatened
by the pressures of environmental change."
Correspondence:
S. Joekes, University of Sussex, Institute of Development Studies,
Brighton BN1 9RE, England. Location: Princeton University
Library (FST).
62:20651 Kalipeni, Ezekiel.
Demographic response to environmental pressure in Malawi.
Population and Environment, Vol. 17, No. 4, Mar 1996. 285-308 pp. New
York, New York. In Eng.
"This paper uses Malawi as a case
study to shed some light on the interrelationships between population
growth and demographic responses to environmental pressure. It is noted
that certain parts of the country that are experiencing extreme
environmental stress have [begun] to go through a rapid phase of
demographic and social change and transformation. For example, the
Southern Region of the country, which has some of the highest
densities, is experiencing a fertility transition. There is a
spontaneous internal migration pattern from densely populated rural
areas to other sparsely populated rural areas. Other non-demographic
responses to population pressures are also briefly discussed in this
paper."
Correspondence: E. Kalipeni, University of
Illinois, Department of Geography, 220 Davenport Hall, 607 South
Mathews Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
62:20652 Krengel, Rolf. World
population from the beginnings of modern humans to the problems of
their capacity for survival in the twenty-first century. [Die
Weltbevölkerung von den Anfängen des anatomisch modernen
Menschen bis zu den Problemen seiner Überlebensfähigkeit im
21. Jahrhundert.] Beiträge zur Strukturforschung, No. 148, 1994.
123 pp. Duncker und Humblot: Berlin, Germany. In Ger.
The first
part of this work presents data on world population growth from the
Paleolithic era up to the year 2100. In the second part, projections of
world population and natural resources in the twenty-first century are
examined. Factors discussed include land, water, food supply,
nonrenewable raw materials, environmental protection, and AIDS. The
third part focuses on the sources of data used. A bibliography and a
statistical appendix are also included.
Correspondence:
Duncker und Humblot, Carl-Heinrich Becker-Weg 9, 12165 Berlin,
Germany. Location: Princeton University Library (FST).
62:20653 MacKellar, F. Landis; Lutz, Wolfgang;
Prinz, Christopher; Goujon, Anne. Population, households,
and carbon dioxide emissions. Population and Development Review,
Vol. 21, No. 4, Dec 1995. 849-65, 922-3, 925 pp. New York, New York. In
Eng. with sum. in Fre; Spa.
"The model linking environmental
impact to population, affluence, and technology, or I = PAT, is
reformulated in terms of households (i.e., I = HAT) as opposed to
persons....Taking growth of global energy consumption as an example,
the authors find that I = PAT attributes 18 percent of the annual
increase (in absolute terms) over the period 1970-90 to demographic
increase in more developed regions, whereas I = HAT attributes 41
percent because the number of households grew faster than the number of
persons. The I = PAT and I = HAT models also give rise to substantially
different projections of [carbon dioxide] emissions in the year 2100.
The authors conclude that decomposition and projection exercises are
sensitive to the unit of demographic account chosen. Until more is
known about the nature of the many activities that give rise to
environmental impacts, it would be unwise to draw far-reaching
conclusions from one choice of model without a substantive
justification of that choice."
Correspondence: F. L.
MacKellar, International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis,
Population Project, 2361 Laxenburg, Austria. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
62:20654 McLaren, Digby J.
Population growth--should we be worried? Population and
Environment, Vol. 17, No. 3, Jan 1996. 243-59 pp. New York, New York.
In Eng.
"Because of continuing acceleration in number of
births, in resource use and in many aspects of environmental rundown,
including growing destruction of the eco-system, and encouraged by an
exploitive economic system and misuse of technology, the planet's
carrying capacity has long been exceeded and any immediate prospect of
sustainability has faded. Nearly half the population of the world is
below breeding age and, although growth rates are falling in some
regions, they are constant in others. Family planning has only been
effective in limited areas of the world. Any prospect of demographic
transition to lower fertility is uncertain and [has] yet to be
realized. The momentum of population growth will continue at present
rates for at least another twenty years."
Correspondence:
D. J. McLaren, 248 Marilyn Avenue, Ottawa, Ontario K1V 7E5,
Canada. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
62:20655 Rees, William E.
Revisiting carrying capacity: area-based indicators of
sustainability. Population and Environment, Vol. 17, No. 3, Jan
1996. 195-215 pp. New York, New York. In Eng.
"This article
argues that ecological carrying capacity remains the fundamental basis
for demographic accounting. A fundamental question for ecological
economics is whether remaining stocks of natural capital are adequate
to sustain the anticipated load of the human economy into the next
century....The present article therefore assesses the capital stock,
physical flows, and corresponding eco-systems areas required to support
the economy using `ecological footprint' analysis. This approach shows
that most so-called `advanced' countries are running massive
unaccounted ecological deficits with the rest of the planet. Since not
all countries can be net importers of carrying capacity, the material
standards of the wealthy cannot be extended sustainably to even the
present world population using prevailing
technology."
Correspondence: W. E. Rees, University of
British Columbia, School of Community and Regional Planning, 6333
Memorial Road, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z2, Canada.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
62:20656 Simon, Julian L. The
state of humanity. ISBN 1-55786-119-6. 1995. x, 694 pp. Blackwell:
Cambridge, Massachusetts/Oxford, England. In Eng.
"This book
provides a comprehensive and balanced assessment of the state of the
Earth and its inhabitants at the close of the twentieth century. More
than fifty scholars from all over the world present new, concise, and
accessible accounts of the present state of humanity and the prospects
for its social and natural environment. The subjects range from
deforestation, water pollution, and ozone layer depletion to poverty,
homelessness, mortality, and murder. Each contributor considers the
present situation, historical trends, likely future prospects, and the
efficacy or otherwise of current activity and policy. The coverage is
worldwide, with a particular emphasis on North America. Fifty-eight
chapters are divided into six parts, concerned with health, standards
of living, natural resources, the production of food, the natural
environment, and a concluding section on the formation, power, and uses
of public opinion and the news media. The collective ambition of editor
and contributors has been to provide the widest possible range of
readers with the necessary information and clear analysis to know what
has been done to improve the prospects for the world, what is being
done to damage them, and what most urgently should be done now to
provide for the twenty-first century."
Correspondence:
Blackwell Publishers, 238 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02142.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
62:20657 Westing, Arthur H.
Population, desertification, and migration. Environmental
Conservation, Vol. 21, No. 2, Summer 1994. 110-4 pp. Geneva,
Switzerland. In Eng.
The author examines the problem of
desertification and associated migration trends that have led to high
population growth and density. "In order to attain and sustain
environmental security--sustainable utilization of resources,
sustainable discard of wastes, and adequate protection of
biodiversity--it does not suffice to deal with attempts at agricultural
and rangeland improvement. Environmental security can only be attained
and sustained within the framework of comprehensive human
security....Population growth must be curtailed--and, in many
instances, even reversed--so that the long-term carrying capacity of
the land is not exceeded. Equitable and otherwise non-corrupt
participatory governance must be achieved at both local and national
level."
Correspondence: A. H. Westing, Westing
Associates in Environment, Security, and Education, RFD 1, P.O. Box
919, Putney, VT 05346. Location: Princeton University Library
(ST).
62:20658 Wils, Anna; Prinz,
Christopher. Living in a small, crowded room: scenarios
for the future of Mauritius. Population and Environment, Vol. 17,
No. 3, Jan 1996. 217-42 pp. New York, New York. In Eng.
"In
this article, future scenarios for Mauritius are described with a
special focus on the interaction of different factors which can limit
or hinder growth. Mauritius is a small, densely populated island where
natural and human resource limits are obvious. The scenarios describe
current trends on Mauritius well. They give a fine-tuned feeling for
the differential impacts of labor, land, water, and pollution
absorption capacity. They show that at various points in the course of
development different limiting factors function, and thus it is
necessary to give attention to all major factors of production and
limitation in one holistic setting."
Correspondence:
A. Wils, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Center for
International Studies, 292 Main Street, E38-6th Floor, Cambridge, MA
02139. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
62:20659 Zuckerman, Ben; Jefferson,
David. Human population and the environmental crisis.
ISBN 0-86720-966-6. LC 95-21148. 1995. xiii, 120 pp. Jones and Bartlett
Publishers: Boston, Massachusetts/London, England. In Eng.
This
volume includes seven papers presented at a symposium on the
relationship between human population and the environmental crisis. The
symposium was held at the University of California's Los Angeles campus
on October 29, 1993. The topics addressed were the challenge population
poses to the biosphere and human behavior, global warming, population
and the sustainability of resources, biodiversity and species
extinction, the political challenges of confronting population growth,
and global environmental engineering.
Correspondence: Jones
and Bartlett Publishers, One Exeter Plaza, Boston, MA 02116.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
Studies of employment and labor force statistics that are of demographic relevance. Includes studies of the labor force (employment status, occupation, and industry) and of the relations among employment, labor force participation, and population factors. Studies on the effect of female labor force participation on fertility are coded under F.1. General Fertility and cross-referenced here.
62:20660 Amin, Sajeda. The
poverty-purdah trap in rural Bangladesh: implications for women's roles
in the family. Population Council Research Division Working Paper,
No. 75, 1995. 26 pp. Population Council, Research Division: New York,
New York. In Eng.
"This paper examines women's work patterns
in two rural villages in northern Bangladesh and finds little evidence
of increasing workforce participation, despite high contraceptive use
rates. Observation of women's work patterns suggests that purdah, the
practice of female seclusion, influences and conditions women's
decisions regarding roles they assume, and remains a dominant influence
in women's lives, showing little evidence of responsiveness to
poverty."
Correspondence: Population Council, One Dag
Hammarskjold Plaza, New York, NY 10017. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
62:20661 Briggs, Vernon M. Mass
immigration, free trade, and the forgotten American worker.
Challenge, May-Jun 1995. 37-44 pp. Armonk, New York. In Eng.
The
author discusses the impact on the workforce of changes in U.S.
economic and immigration policy. "If continued mass immigration
and the pursuit of free trade result in undermining the nation's trade
union movement and its labor-protection laws, then the price is too
high. It must also be considered exorbitant if these policies continue
to help reduce American workers' living standards and widen income
inequality within the nation."
Correspondence: V. M.
Briggs, Cornell University, New York State School of Industrial and
Labor Relations, Ithaca, NY 14853. Location: Princeton
University Library (PF).
62:20662 Burr, Jeffrey A.; Massagli, Michael
P.; Mutchler, Jan E.; Pienta, Amy M. Labor force
transitions among older African American and white men. Social
Forces, Vol. 74, No. 3, Mar 1996. 963-82 pp. Chapel Hill, North
Carolina. In Eng.
"Using a life-course/opportunity-cost
framework, we study racial differences in labor force behavior among
African American and white men aged 55 to 69 [in the United States]. A
multifaceted measure of labor force behavior is examined within a
longitudinal framework. We perform the analyses with a merged sample of
the 1984 and 1985 Survey of Income and Program Participation, and we
find that the most stable status is not working, followed by full-time,
part-time, and unemployed statuses. Results from multivariate logistic
regression change models show race-specific effects of age, health, and
not-working status on several labor force status and attrition
contrasts. Researchers have much to gain by continuing to consider
racial differences in late-life labor force behavior and by focusing on
contemporaneous and lagged measures of life-course
variables."
Correspondence: J. A. Burr, State
University of New York, Department of Sociology, 430 Park Hall,
Buffalo, NY 14260. Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
62:20663 Charles, Maria. 1990
federal population census. Professional equality--a myth? Sexual
segregation in the professions in Switzerland.
[Eidgenössische Volkszählung 1990. Berufliche
Gleichstellung--ein Mythos? Geschlechter-Segregation in der
schweizerischen Berufswelt.] Statistik der Schweiz, ISBN 3-303-03056-1.
1995. 73 pp. Bundesamt für Statistik: Bern, Switzerland. In Ger.
Using data from recent censuses, the level of segregation between
the sexes in the professions in Switzerland is analyzed for the period
1970-1990. The focus is on changes over time in the labor force
participation of women and on the country's changing economic
structure. The author notes that the percentage of women in the
better-paid professions is still very small, and that the level of
women's employment in the traditionally female-dominated service sector
of the economy is increasing.
Correspondence: Bundesamt
für Statistik, Hallwylstrasse 15, 3003 Bern, Switzerland.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
62:20664 Chin, Soo Hee. The
determinants and patterns of married women's labor force participation
in Korea. Korea Journal of Population and Development, Vol. 24,
No. 1, Jul 1995. 95-129 pp. Seoul, Korea, Republic of. In Eng.
"The present study investigates the determinants and patterns
of married women's labor force participation in [South] Korea. Married
women's employment...is largely determined by age, urban
residence,...husband's socioeconomic status, family income, fertility,
and the lagged effect of work. Older age, rural residence, inferior
household economic condition, and recent work experience are the major
positive causes of married women's participation in [the labor
force]....On the other hand, younger women with preschool children, who
currently reside in urban areas, enjoying better household economic
conditions (due to higher socioeconomic status of husbands and/or
higher family income) are the groups of women with the smallest
probability of working...."
Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
62:20665 Clark, David E.; Murphy, Christopher
A. County wide employment and population growth: an
analysis of the 1980s. Journal of Regional Science, Vol. 36, No.
2, May 1996. 235-56 pp. Cambridge, Massachusetts/Oxford, England. In
Eng.
"Regional scientists remain interested in studying
interregional differences in the growth rates of population and
employment. Following the earlier work of Carlino and Mills, this paper
examines growth trends at the county level in the U.S. during the
period 1981-1989. Five major sectors of employment are examined. A
partial adjustment model is developed that captures intercounty
differences in amenities, business and fiscal conditions, demography,
employment structure, and relative location. Some evidence is given
that population and employment growth was simultaneous, although
feedback effects apparently were not
strong."
Correspondence: D. E. Clark, Marquette
University, Department of Economics, P.O. Box 1881, Milwaukee, WI
53201-1881. Location: Princeton University Library (UES).
62:20666 Flückiger, Yves; Boymond,
Martine; Silber, Jacques. 1990 federal population census.
Segregation between men and women in the labor market: an analysis
based on the Gini index. [Recensement fédéral de la
population 1990. Ségrégation entre hommes et femmes sur
le marché du travail: une analyse sur la base de l'indice de
Gini.] Statistique de la Suisse, ISBN 3-303-03055-3. 1995. 74 pp.
Bundesamt für Statistik: Bern, Switzerland. In Fre. with sum. in
Ger.
This is an analysis of the segregation of men and women in the
labor market in Switzerland based on data from the 1990 census. Using
the Gini index, the authors examine trends in this aspect of
segregation since 1970 as well as the situation in 1990. They consider
differences between the sexes in the professions, in the various
sectors of the economy, and in socio-professional
categories.
Correspondence: Bundesamt für Statistik,
Hallwylstrasse 15, 3003 Bern, Switzerland. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
62:20667 Harrison, Michael J.; Walsh, Patrick
P. A flow analysis of the Irish Live Register.
Economic and Social Review, Vol. 26, No. 1, Oct 1994. 45-58 pp. Dublin,
Ireland. In Eng.
"This paper makes use for the first time of
data on the flows into and out of the Irish Live Register. It describes
the construction of consistent quarterly flow series for the period
1967 to 1993. The analysis suggests that the build-up of the
unemployment stock is mainly due to the inflows to the Live Register.
The results also suggest that in the 1970s the inflows seem to have
been largely determined by market and demographic adjustments in
Ireland induced by developments in Britain. In the 1980s, by contrast,
the inflows seem to have been driven substantially by demographic
developments in Ireland."
Correspondence: M. J.
Harrison, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland. Location:
Princeton University Library (PF).
62:20668 Heigl, Andreas.
Educational situation and labor force potential.
[Ausbildungssituation und Erwerbspotential.] Zeitschrift für
Bevölkerungswissenschaft, Vol. 20, No. 3, 1995. 311-29 pp.
Wiesbaden, Germany. In Ger. with sum. in Eng; Fre.
"Against
the background of the emerging demographic development entailing a
reduction of the overall population and of the potential labour force
[in Germany], consideration is given to readjustment measures in order
to maintain the economic power and the welfare-state fabric by means of
human capital formation (higher rate of gainful occupation of women;
higher pensionable age; shortened periods of education/training). In
view of overcrowded universities, long duration of study and the
shortage of trainees for many recognized trades/occupations...the
argument is put forward that streamlined and shortened courses of
education could release a significant amount of labour force
potential....The present study...simulated the quantitative effects
[for 1995] of [four] measures on the numbers of students and the
economically active population."
Correspondence: A.
Heigl, Universität Bamberg, Lehrstuhl für
Bevölkerungswissenschaft, Hornthalstrasse 2, 96045 Bamberg,
Germany. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
62:20669 Kinsella, Kevin; Gist, Yvonne
J. Older workers, retirement, and pensions: a comparative
international chartbook. No. IPC/95-2, Dec 1995. 76, [12] pp. U.S.
Bureau of the Census: Washington, D.C.; U.S. National Institutes of
Health [NIH], National Institute on Aging: Bethesda, Maryland. In Eng.
"This report provides: 1. an overview of underlying
demographic and socioeconomic trends that affect old-age security
around the world; and 2. graphic presentations of available, reasonably
comparable international statistics on the status of older workers,
retirement trends, and pension systems."
Correspondence:
U.S. Bureau of the Census, Population Division, International
Programs Center, Washington, D.C. 20233-8860. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
62:20670 Patrickson, Margaret; Hartmann,
Linley. Australia's ageing population: implications for
human resource management. International Journal of Manpower, Vol.
16, No. 5-6, 1995. 34-46 pp. Bradford, England. In Eng.
The authors
consider "the implications of Australia's ageing population for
future human resource management practice. [They acknowledge] that
downsizing practices which initially targeted older workers may have
contributed to raising the profile of their vulnerability and [suggest
that] reforms will be needed in all key human resource functions to
reduce bias, improve equity, and focus on the potential benefits older
staff can contribute. Differences in health and safety records indicate
that age alone does not differentiate between staff....Stereotypes
which militate against hiring older staff need to be addressed and
training practices will need restructuring to accommodate alternative
training methods which encourage older staff to
reskill."
Correspondence: M. Patrickson, University of
South Australia, International Graduate School of Management, Adelaide,
SA, Australia. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
62:20671 Pattaravanich, Umaporn.
The influence of family and employment on career planning of
married female workers in a society without sex preference.
Asia-Pacific Population Journal, Vol. 10, No. 3, Sep 1995. 63-74 pp.
Bangkok, Thailand. In Eng.
"The purpose of the present note is
to investigate some of the factors related to career planning, with
reference to family and employment, among married women workers [in
Thailand]....The study revealed that career planning is associated
significantly with age and education, i.e. the younger...the woman, the
more likely it is that she will seek mobility in her career. Also,
other factors related significantly to career planning are occupation
and duration in the current job....The study suggests that the attitude
of husbands is [also] an important factor regarding women's
participation in the labour force."
Correspondence: U.
Pattaravanich, Mahidol University, Institute for Population and Social
Research, 25/25 Puthamontol, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
62:20672 Presser, Harriet B. Job,
family, and gender: determinants of nonstandard work schedules among
employed Americans in 1991. Demography, Vol. 32, No. 4, Nov 1995.
577-98 pp. Washington, D.C. In Eng.
"This study provides the
most recent national [U.S.] estimates of the prevalence of employment
during nonstandard hours (evenings, nights, or rotating hours) and on
weekends. It also examines in a multivariate context the relevance of
job and family characteristics as determinants of such employment,
separately for men and for women. The findings support the contention
that the demand for employment during nonstandard hours and weekends is
pervasive throughout the occupational hierarchy, but particularly in
service occupations and in personal service industries and for both men
and women. Gender differences exist, however, in the relevance of
family factors. Being married reduces women's but not men's likelihood
of employment during nonstandard hours, and the presence of children
affects women's but not men's hours and days of employment. (The
direction of the effect for women depends on the children's age.)
Implications of these findings are
discussed."
Correspondence: H. B. Presser, University
of Maryland, Department of Sociology, Center on Population, Gender, and
Social Inequality, College Park, MD 20742. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
62:20673 Roberson, James E.
Becoming shakaijin: working-class reproduction in Japan.
Ethnology, Vol. 34, No. 4, Fall 1995. 293-313 pp. Pittsburgh,
Pennsylvania. In Eng.
"In Japan, the transition from school
into the working world marks one's transformation from student
(gakusei) to social person (shakaijin). This transition is particularly
important for men, for whom work remains a more permanent source of
social identification than it typically does for Japanese women, for
whom eventual roles as wives and mothers generally provide more central
sources of social and self-definition. This article discusses the
passage from educational institution to employment enterprise among two
groups of male employees at a small manufacturing company in Tokyo. One
group comprises mostly older men with junior high school education,
while the other group consists of younger men who graduated from
industrial high schools."
Correspondence: J. E.
Roberson, Sugiyama Jogakuen University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan.
Location: Princeton University Library (PR).
62:20674 Shah, Nasra M.
Structural changes in the receiving country and future labor
migration--the case of Kuwait. International Migration Review,
Vol. 29, No. 4, Winter 1995. 1,000-22 pp. Staten Island, New York. In
Eng.
"Structural changes in the labor force of the receiving
country can provide some important clues to the speed and nature of
replacement of migrant workers by indigenous ones. This article
analyzes changes in the national labor force [of Kuwait] with regard to
volume, age and sex composition, retention in the labor force,
productivity, type of occupation, and sector of activity. Changes in
the above features during the last two decades indicate that the median
age of the national male labor force remains low, its concentration in
the public sector has increased, and its participation in production
and manual work has declined further. The labor force participation of
females has increased substantially, and they comprised 31 percent of
the national labor force in 1993....Structural changes suggest that the
national labor force is growing in a manner that implies a continued
long-term dependence on foreign workers. Dependence on expatriates is
likely to be greatest for occupations involving maintenance of
infrastructures and personal services."
Correspondence:
N. M. Shah, Kuwait University, P.O. Box 5969, Safat, Kuwait.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
62:20675 Sheldon, George. 1990
federal population census. Job flexibility as reflected over time.
[Eidgenössische Volkszählung 1990. Die berufliche
Flexibilität im Spiegel der Zeit.] Statistik der Schweiz, ISBN
3-303-15129-6. 1995. 72 pp. Bundesamt für Statistik: Bern,
Switzerland. In Ger.
This report analyzes the changes that have
occurred in the training of the economically active part of the
population in Switzerland since 1970. It also examines changes in the
professional characteristics of the positions that they fill. The study
is based on census data. In particular, it examines the impact of
professional qualifications on occupational mobility, and the relation
between the training received and the kind of work actually
performed.
Correspondence: Bundesamt für Statistik,
Hallwylstrasse 15, 3003 Bern, Switzerland. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
62:20676 Strozza, Salvatore.
Non-EC workers in Italy: an overview of the literature and an
attempt to test various hypotheses. [I lavoratori extracomunitari
in Italia: esame della letteratura ed tentativo di verifica di alcune
ipotesi.] Studi Emigrazione/Etudes Migrations, Vol. 32, No. 119, Sep
1995. 457-90 pp. Rome, Italy. In Ita. with sum. in Eng; Fre.
"The essay presents an overview of the interpretations offered
in scientific literature about causes and effects of non-EC [European
Community] immigrants' integration into the Italian labor market....The
essay uses the aggregate data of [the] Labor Ministry integrated by
local surveys to answer some questions...[concerning] the link between
sex, Italian region, place of origin and sector of activity...and the
complementarity or competition with [the] Italian labor
force."
Correspondence: S. Strozza, Università
degli Studi di Roma la Sapienza, Dipartimento di Scienze Demografiche,
Via Nomentana 41, 00161 Rome, Italy. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
62:20677 United Nations. Centro
Latinoamericano de Demografía [CELADE] (Santiago,
Chile). Latin America: economically active population,
1980-2025. [América Latina: población
económicamente activa, 1980-2025.] Boletin
Demografico/Demographic Bulletin, Vol. 29, No. 57, Jan 1996. 285 pp.
Santiago, Chile. In Eng; Spa.
"This current Bulletin presents
the estimates and projections of the economically active population, by
urban and rural areas, sex and quinquennial age groups for the 20 Latin
American countries, during the period
1980-2025."
Correspondence: UN Centro Latinoamericano
de Demografía, Edificio Naciones Unidas, Avenida Dag
Hammarskjold, Casilla 91, Santiago, Chile. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
62:20678 van Imhoff, Evert; Henkens,
Kene. Alternatives for the future: a scenario
analysis. [Alternatieven voor de VUT: een scenario-analyse.] NIDI
Rapport, No. 42, ISBN 90-70990-56-3. 1995. xxii, 108 pp. Nederlands
Interdisciplinair Demografisch Instituut [NIDI]: The Hague,
Netherlands. In Dut. with sum. in Eng.
The consequences of
alternative labor policies concerning the employment of elderly workers
in the Netherlands are examined in this report. "Using a
multi-state demographic projection model, alternative policy scenarios
are formulated and projected into the future. Special attention is paid
to: the ongoing process of population aging; the interaction between
the participation in senior-worker schemes, the use of disability and
unemployment schemes, and labour productivity; the effect of labour
participation of older workers on employment opportunities for younger
workers (redistribution of labour)." The report's main conclusions
are that the aging of the labor force will lead to higher costs, and
that policies aimed at increasing the participation of older workers
will not lead to any substantial savings.
Correspondence:
Nederlands Interdisciplinair Demografisch Instituut, Postbus
11650, 2502 AR The Hague, Netherlands. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
