Primarily references to descriptive studies. Official tabular material will be found under S. Official Statistical Publications . Items that are primarily analytical, but that also contain information on characteristics, will be found under K. Demographic and Economic Interrelations and Natural Resources or L. Demographic and Noneconomic Interrelations , as appropriate.
Descriptive studies of populations according to various demographic characteristics, including age, sex, sex ratios, and marital status. Studies on demographic aging are also included.
62:20575 de Jong-Gierveld, Jenny; van Solinge,
Hanna. Ageing and its consequences for the socio-medical
system. Population Studies, No. 29, ISBN 92-871-2685-2. 1995. 113
pp. Council of Europe Press: Strasbourg, France. In Eng.
This study
analyzes past and present demographic trends in Europe and their
consequences for the provision of housing and care facilities for the
elderly, access to medical services, the situation concerning personnel
in the formal geriatrics sector, and the informal care of the aged
provided by the family or others. "The analysis takes account of
the situation in nine European countries and is based on different
scenarios regarding developments in life expectancy and the state of
health of the elderly."
Correspondence: Council of
Europe Press, 67005 Strasbourg Cedex, France. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
62:20576 Diczfalusy, Egon. The
third age, the third world and the third millennium.
Contraception, Vol. 53, No. 1, Jan 1996. 1-7 pp. New York, New York. In
Eng.
The author discusses future trends in population worldwide,
with a focus on aging. Aspects considered include the social problems
caused by demographic aging; changes in mortality and morbidity; and
the impact of poverty on the elderly.
Correspondence: E.
Diczfalusy, Ronningevägen 21, 14461 Ronninge, Sweden.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
62:20577 Heikkilä, Elli.
Development features of regional population aging in Finland.
[Vaestön ikääntymisen alueelliset kehityspiirteet
Suomessa.] Terra, Vol. 106, No. 4, 1994. 374-83 pp. Helsinki, Finland.
In Fin. with sum. in Eng.
"Population ageing has emerged as
one of the crucial problems facing developed countries. In Finland, the
old population (aged 65 and over) has doubled in numbers over the past
30 years. The phenomena underlying this ageing trend include a decline
in fertility, increase of the average life expectancy, and the effects
of migration. Considerable regional differences in population ageing
can be observed between Finland's provinces, municipalities and between
their different parts. The number of the elderly is projected to
increase in all provinces, the highest relative increase taking place
in the provinces of Lapland, Uusimaa and Oulu between
1990-2020."
Correspondence: E. Heikkilä,
University of Oulu, Research Institute of Northern Finland,
Seminaarinkatu 2, 87100 Kajaani, Finland. Location: New York
Public Library, New York, NY.
62:20578 Henripin, Jacques; Loriaux,
Michel. Demographic aging: a two-person debate. [Le
vieillissement: discours à deux voix.] Population, Vol. 50, No.
6, Nov-Dec 1995. 1,591-638 pp. Paris, France. In Fre.
A debate
concerning the consequences of demographic aging is presented. It
centers on whether demographic aging is a negative phenomenon that
developed countries need to struggle against, or whether it is a
neutral phenomenon that societies can adapt to without deleterious
effects. The debate consists of an opening statement by each individual
author, and the authors' respective responses to each other's
arguments.
Correspondence: J. Henripin, Université
de Montréal, Département de Démographie, C.P.
6128, Succursale A, Montreal, Quebec H3C 3J7, Canada. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
62:20579 Lori, Agostino; Golini, Antonio;
Cantalini, Bruno; Bruno, Paola; Citoni, Federica; Paganelli,
Fernando. An atlas of demographic aging: 20 years of
developments in the provinces and communes of Italy. [Atlante
dell'invecchiamento della popolazione. Vent'anni di evoluzione nelle
provincie e nei communi italiani.] 1995. vii, 415 pp. Consiglio
Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Ricerche sulla Popolazione [IRP]:
Rome, Italy. In Ita.
This report provides information on
demographic aging in Italy from 1971 to 1991. The data are provided at
both the provincial and the communal level. The data are taken from
official sources. The first part of the report examines some general
issues concerning aging, and the second part presents the relevant
data.
Correspondence: Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche,
Istituto di Ricerche sulla Popolazione, Viale Beethoven 56, 00144 Rome,
Italy. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
62:20580 Morocco. Direction de la Statistique.
Centre d'Etudes et de Recherches Démographiques [CERED] (Rabat,
Morocco). The rural woman in Morocco: her role, status,
and prospects. [La femme rurale au Maroc: sa place, sa condition
et ses potentialités.] Etudes Démographiques, ISBN
9981-20-025-5. 1995. 227 pp. Rabat, Morocco. In Fre.
This report
describes the demographic characteristics, economic activities, and
living conditions of women living in rural areas of Morocco. Data are
from a number of official sources, including censuses and surveys. The
demographic characteristics considered include nuptiality, fertility
and family planning, mortality, migration, educational status, and
projections.
Correspondence: Direction de la Statistique,
Centre d'Etudes et de Recherches Démographiques, Rue Mohamed
Belhassan el Ouazzani, Haut-Agdal, B.P. 178, Rabat, Morocco.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
62:20581 Rogerson, Peter A.
Geographic perspectives on elderly population growth. Growth
and Change, Vol. 27, No. 1, Winter 1996. 75-95 pp. Cambridge,
Massachusetts/Oxford, England. In Eng.
"The proportion of a
region's population that is elderly may change over time for many
different reasons. The proportion may grow because of the net
in-migration of elderly individuals, or it may grow because of the net
out-migration of nonelderly residents. Furthermore, the proportion may
grow if the number of nonmovers in the `pre-elderly' cohort is
relatively high. This paper discusses in detail the ways in which this
proportion may change over time. This is complemented by a state-level
empirical study of elderly population growth in the United States
during the late 1980s. The spatial pattern of the rate of new entry
into the elderly cohort among nonmovers is found to be particularly
influential in determining changes in the proportion of a state's
population that is elderly."
Correspondence: P. A.
Rogerson, State University of New York, Department of Geography,
Buffalo, NY 14261. Location: Princeton University Library
(PF).
62:20582 Russell, Cheryl. The
baby boom turns 50. American Demographics, Vol. 17, No. 12, Dec
1995. 22-33 pp. Ithaca, New York. In Eng.
The author discusses the
aging of members of the baby boom generation in the United States. The
focus is on the impact this phenomenon will have on the marketplace.
"Boomers' midlife crises are real, and they will create huge
business opportunities. Freed from the responsibilities of their 40s,
boomers will create an adventurous life stage called `midyouth' that
will push traditional ideas of a `mature market' into
oblivion."
Correspondence: C. Russell, American
Demographics, 127 West State Street, Ithaca, NY 14850. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
62:20583 Suh, Moon-Hee. Area
differentials of sex imbalance in births. Health and Social
Welfare Review, Vol. 15, No. 2, Winter 1995. 143-73 pp. Seoul, Korea,
Republic of. In Kor. with sum. in Eng.
Along with a rapid decline
in fertility to below-replacement levels in South Korea, a new
demographic phenomenon has emerged: a distorted sex ratio at birth. In
1993, the sex ratio was 115.6, with significant differences in this
ratio by region. "An analysis of national survey data showed that
in the areas with the most distorted imbalance, people not only have a
stronger preference for sons and more favoring attitude toward
sex-selective induced abortion, but also actually have more
sex-selective induced abortions after checking the sex of the fetus.
This analysis proved that the sex imbalance is being caused by means of
sex-selective induced abortions after checking the sex of the
fetus."
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
62:20584 Yap, Mui Teng.
Population ageing and policy response in Singapore. PDOD
Paper, No. 33, Oct 1995. 15, [4] pp. Universiteit van Amsterdam,
Postdoctorale Onderzoekersopleiding Demografie [PDOD]: Amsterdam,
Netherlands. In Eng.
"This paper begins with a review of
Singapore's demographic history and projected future trends as
background on the demographics of the ageing `problem'. This is
followed by a discussion of the public discourse on the challenges of
population ageing in Singapore, and in the final section, the policy
responses to the perceived challenges."
Correspondence:
Universiteit van Amsterdam, Planologisch en Demografisch
Instituut, Postdoctorale Onderzoekersopleiding Demografie, Nieuwe
Prinsengracht 130, 1018 VZ Amsterdam, Netherlands. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
Descriptive studies of menarche and menopause, longevity, and increasing the life span, as well as other biological characteristics such as sex selection. Studies that are concerned with menarche and menopause as they specifically affect fertility are coded under F.5. Factors Other Than Contraception Affecting Fertility .
62:20585 Kytir, J.; Prskawetz, A.
Life expectancy at age 60--epidemiologic scenarios assuming delayed
mortality for selected causes of death. European Journal of
Population/Revue Européenne de Démographie, Vol. 11, No.
3, Sep 1995. 261-73 pp. Dordrecht, Netherlands. In Eng. with sum. in
Fre.
"The present analysis offers a projection of life
expectancy at advanced ages in Austria for the year 2010. To estimate
the gains in life expectancy the Simultaneous Multiple Cause-Delay
(SIMCAD) method is used. This model takes into account the
epidemiological concept of an additional delay in the onset of
particular chronic-degenerative diseases. While the results of the
SIMCAD method vary only slightly on the whole from the official
projection of life expectancy at age 60, the similarity between the two
projections decreases steadily with increasing age. The SIMCAD model
predicts higher gains in life expectancy for the oldest age-groups of
the population than do the official
statistics."
Correspondence: J. Kytir, Austrian
Academy of Sciences, Institute for Demography, Hintere Zollamtstrasse
2b, 1033 Vienna, Austria. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
62:20586 Miles, Toni P.; Himes,
Christine. Biological and social determinants of body size
across the life span: a model for the integration of population
genetics and demography. Population Research and Policy Review,
Vol. 14, No. 3, Sep 1995. 327-46 pp. Dordrecht, Netherlands. In Eng.
"This presentation focuses on the biology of adult body size,
its behavior as a variable in statistical analyses, and strategies for
the incorporation of this variable into demographic models of
population aging in the United States. First, several examples of
generally observed quantitative characteristics of biological variables
are reviewed. To illustrate the nonlinear character of biological data,
three general patterns of change with aging are presented. Next, issues
concerning the measurement of body size are discussed. Scenarios
describing body size over the adult life span are described. By the end
of this process, recommendations for starting a dialogue between
researchers interested in biological endpoints (individual weight
change, disease risk) and those interested in demographic outcomes
(population-level disease and disability issues) using body size will
be presented."
Correspondence: T. P. Miles,
Pennsylvania State University, Center for Special Populations and
Health, 106 Henderson Building, University Park, PA 16802-6500.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
62:20587 Millar, Wayne J. Life
expectancy of Canadians. [L'espérance de vie des
Canadiens.] Health Reports/Rapports sur la Santé, Vol. 7, No. 3,
1995. 23-6 pp. Ottawa, Canada. In Eng; Fre.
"The official
1990-92 detailed life tables show a continuation of the trend toward
longer life expectancy for Canadians....Life expectancy at birth has
reached an all-time high: 80.89 years for females and 74.55 years for
males. Recent improvements in life expectancy are attributable to many
factors, including declines in infant mortality, cerebrovascular and
cardiovascular disease, and mortality from accidents and
poisoning."
Correspondence: W. J. Millar, Statistics
Canada, Health Statistics Division, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0T6, Canada.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
62:20588 Parant, Alain. Longevity
and retirement. [Longévité et retraite.] Population
et Sociétés, No. 310, Feb 1996. 4 pp. Institut National
d'Etudes Démographiques [INED]: Paris, France. In Fre.
The
author notes that life expectancy in France has increased by about one
year every three years over the course of the twentieth century. This
means that it has improved from 41 to 74 years for men and from 44 to
82 years for women. He describes aspects of the current debate in
France about the changes that need to be made in order to provide the
retired with pensions.
Correspondence: Institut National
d'Etudes Démographiques, 27 rue du Commandeur, 75675 Paris Cedex
14, France. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
62:20589 Schott, Jürgen; Bergmann, Karl
E.; Wiesner, Gerd. The process of prolonging the life
span--an East-West comparison in Germany. [Der
Lebensverlängerungsprozess--ein Vergleich zwischen Ost- und
Westdeutschland.] Zeitschrift für Bevölkerungswissenschaft,
Vol. 20, No. 2, 1995. 187-206 pp. Wiesbaden, Germany. In Ger. with sum.
in Eng; Fre.
"For the periods 1950-1960, 1960-1970, 1970-1980
and 1980-1987, the contributions to the mean and...further life
expectancy resulting from the variation of the age-specific survival
probabilities over these periods were calculated for the male and
female population of the Federal Republic of Germany (West Germany) and
the German Democratic Republic (East Germany)....It can be seen that
the life prolongation process has been increasingly determined by the
advanced-age and old-age population, and...in age ranges where chronic
degenerative diseases prevail. This development was quite systematic in
West Germany whereas in East Germany, it broke down during the period
from 1970 to 1980, to become prominent again later....System-inherent
differences of the mortality from individual causes of death are
discussed."
Correspondence: J. Schott, Technische
Universität Dresden Carl Gustav Carus, Abteilung Sozialmedizin,
Fetscher Strasse 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
62:20590 Vallin, Jacques. Life
expectancy: how much for what quality of life? [Espérance
de vie: quelle quantité pour quelle qualité de vie?] INED
Dossiers et Recherches, No. 49, Oct 1995. 23 pp. Institut National
d'Etudes Démographiques [INED]: Paris, France; Centre
Français sur la Population et le Développement [CEPED]:
Paris, France. In Fre.
The author examines various aspects of the
current trend toward increasing life expectancy around the world. He
considers separately how much more it may increase, whom this increase
will primarily concern, and the quality of the extra years of life that
are gained.
Correspondence: Institut National d'Etudes
Démographiques, 27 rue du Commandeur, 75675 Paris Cedex 14,
France. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
62:20591 Vaupel, James W.; Lundström,
Hans. Longer life expectancy? Evidence from Sweden of
reductions in mortality rates at advanced ages. In: Studies in the
economics of aging, edited by David A. Wise. NBER Project Report, 1994.
79-94 pp. University of Chicago Press: Chicago, Illinois. In Eng.
"Using highly reliable data, we [present] four perspectives on
mortality changes in Sweden since 1990 among the elderly....[The
authors note that] the force of mortality at ages 85, 90, and 95 has
substantially declined, especially since 1945 or so, and more for
females than for males....Rates of progress in reducing mortality rates
among the elderly have accelerated over the course of the century and
from the 1960s to the 1980s ran at an average annual rate of 1-2
percent for females and half a percent for males....[These results]
indicate that the belief that oldest-old mortality rates cannot be
significantly reduced is incorrect."
Correspondence:
J. W. Vaupel, University of Odense Medical School,
Winsløwparken 17,1, 5000 Odense C, Denmark. Location:
Princeton University Library (FST).
Descriptive studies of income differentials, earnings, career mobility, and other economic characteristics if allocated according to demographic groups. Analytical studies are classified under K.1.1. General Economic Development and Population , and studies concerned with employment and labor force are classified under K.3. Employment and Labor Force Participation .
62:20592 Borjas, George J.
Assimilation and changes in cohort quality revisited: what happened
to immigrant earnings in the 1980s? Journal of Labor Economics,
Vol. 13, No. 2, Apr 1995. 201-45 pp. Chicago, Illinois. In Eng.
"This article uses the 1970, 1980, and 1990 Public Use Samples
of the U.S. census to document what happened to immigrant earnings in
the 1980s and to determine if pre-1980 immigrant flows reached earnings
parity with natives. The relative entry wage of successive immigrant
cohorts declined by 9% in the 1970s and by an additional 6% in the
1980s. Although the relative wage of immigrants grows by 10% during the
first 2 decades after arrival, recent immigrants will earn 15%-20% less
than natives throughout much of their working
lives."
Correspondence: G. J. Borjas, University of
California, San Diego, CA 92130. Location: Princeton
University Library (IR).
62:20593 Chakravorty, Sanjoy.
Patterns of urbanization, urban concentration, and income
distribution: implications for development. Urban Geography, Vol.
16, No. 7, 1995. 622-42 pp. Palm Beach, Florida. In Eng.
"The
effect of geographic concentration of population on income distribution
is investigated in this paper. The Kuznets simulation model, used to
demonstrate the rising-falling income inequality effect resulting from
increasing urbanization, is modified so that the urban sector is
assumed to be differentiated into five city-size classes, with the
larger city sizes assumed to be associated with higher average incomes.
Numerical examples are used to illustrate a wide range of population
and income distribution alternatives; the results of the more likely
scenarios are presented. Also discussed are the implications of the
findings for (1) inequality trends under dynamic conditions of
population and income parameters, (2) the turning points of the
concentration and inequality curves, and (3) spatial
policy."
Correspondence: S. Chakravorty, Temple
University, Department of Geography and Urban Studies, Philadelphia, PA
19122. Location: Princeton University Library (PR).
62:20594 Deaton, Angus S.; Paxson, Christina
H. Saving, growth, and aging in Taiwan. In: Studies
in the economics of aging, edited by David A. Wise. NBER Project
Report, 1994. 331-61 pp. University of Chicago Press: Chicago,
Illinois. In Eng.
"This paper examines issues of life-cycle
saving, growth, and aging in Taiwan. We are mainly concerned with
standard issues of life-cycle saving and their implications for the
living standards of the elderly. We investigate whether saving appears
to be motivated by life-cycle factors, how income growth has affected
the profiles of income, consumption, and saving, and how changes in the
demographic structure of Taiwan have influenced saving behavior. We use
data from 15 consecutive household income and expenditure surveys, from
1976 through 1990."
Correspondence: A. S. Deaton,
Princeton University, Woodrow Wilson School, 221 Bendheim Hall,
Princeton, NJ 08544-1021. Location: Princeton University
Library (FST).
62:20595 Denton, Frank T.; Mountain, Dean C.;
Spencer, Byron G. The response of aggregate production to
fertility-induced changes in population age distribution. Southern
Economic Journal, Vol. 62, No. 3, Jan 1996. 606-19 pp. Chapel Hill,
North Carolina. In Eng.
"Our purpose in this paper is to
explore one important aspect of changes in age distribution, namely the
way in which they alter input availability and output capacity, and
hence average real income levels [in the long run]....We specify a
multilevel aggregate production process, assign plausible values to its
parameters, and obtain steady-state solutions under a range of
alternative fertility assumptions. The central issue can be put as
follows: Abstracting from all other considerations, does an economy
with an `old' or a `young' population have a markedly different
capacity for generating output and income per capita than one with a
less extreme age distribution?" Data from the 1986 Canadian census
are used to illustrate the concepts discussed. The authors conclude
that "the short final answers to these questions are: (a) extreme
differences in age distribution are required in order for there to be
major effects on per capita output and income; and (b) the effects are
rather insensitive to changes in the parameters of the economy except
when the elasticity of substitution between age-sex groups is allowed
to fall to a very low level."
Correspondence: F. T.
Denton, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L8, Canada.
Location: Princeton University Library (PF).
62:20596 Enchautegui, Maria E.
Effects of immigrants on the 1980-1990 U.S. wage experience.
Contemporary Economic Policy, Vol. 13, No. 3, Jul 1995. 20-39 pp.
Huntington Beach, California. In Eng.
"This paper questions
the claim that U.S. immigration should be reduced because the economy
can no longer absorb immigrants as it has in the past. Analysis of male
hourly wages shows that the effect of immigration on wages did not
change between 1980 and 1990. Further, immigration has no negative
effects on wages in 1980 or 1990. These results suggest that the
capacity of the labor market to absorb immigrants has not been reduced.
Additional analysis shows that, controlling for personal
characteristics, the hourly wages of the average native and immigrant
worker in areas of high and medium immigration relative to areas of low
immigration increased between 1980 and 1990. However, Latino immigrants
are affected negatively by immigration."
Correspondence:
M. E. Enchautegui, Urban Institute, Population Studies Center,
Washington, D.C. 20037. Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
62:20597 Garrett, Daniel M. The
effects of differential mortality rates on the progressivity of social
security. Economic Inquiry, Vol. 33, No. 3, Jul 1995. 457-75 pp.
Huntington Beach, California. In Eng.
"Does the Old-Age and
Survivors Insurance portion of Social Security become regressive once
we allow for the shorter lifespan of poor people? This paper compares
the net returns of poor households to the net returns of other
households after taking into account differential longevity. Earnings
and Social Security tax and benefit histories are simulated for [U.S.]
families of various income levels in the 1925 birth cohort. These tax
and benefit profiles are then weighted by the agents' probabilities of
survival. For some plausible values of key mortality parameters,
differences in mortality eliminate the progressive spread in returns
across income categories."
Correspondence: D. M.
Garrett, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305. Location:
Princeton University Library (PF).
62:20598 Green, Anne. Changing
local concentrations of "poverty" and "affluence"
in Britain, 1981-91. Geography, Vol. 81, No. 350, Jan 1996. 15-25
pp. Sheffield, England. In Eng.
"There is increasing concern
about growing inequalities between the rich and poor in Britain. Some
areas have become `marginalised' as they have failed to take an equal
share in some of the benefits of socioeconomic restructuring. In this
article `proxy' indicators from the Census of Population are used to
explore continuities and changes in local concentrations of `poverty'
and `affluence' between 1981 and 1991. The main findings are that
`concentrated poverty' districts and neighbourhoods are
over-represented in the inner parts of the largest cities and
metropolitan areas, while `concentrated affluence' areas are found
disproportionately in those parts of Britain with a mixed urban-rural
character."
Correspondence: A. Green, University of
Warwick, Institute for Employment Research, Coventry CV4 7AL, England.
Location: Princeton University Library (PR).
62:20599 Kesteloot, Christian; White,
Paul. Urban marginality. [Les marginalités
urbaines.] Espace, Populations, Sociétés, No. 3, 1995.
269-424 pp. Université des Sciences et Technologies de Lille,
U.F.R. de Géographie: Villeneuve d'Ascq, France. In Eng; Fre.
This special issue contains a selection of papers, in either French
or English, on aspects of marginalization and poverty in the major
cities of Europe. The emphasis is on the socio-spatial aspects of this
phenomenon, and the papers examine the situation in selected cities in
Belgium, Germany, the Netherlands, France, Italy, Portugal, Spain, and
the United Kingdom. In particular, they analyze how spatial
polarization, the housing market, migration, and urban renewal projects
in the context of economic competition among cities can affect the
spatial concentration of poverty.
Correspondence:
Université des Sciences et Technologies de Lille, U.F.R. de
Géographie, 59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex, France. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
62:20600 Rocha, Sonia.
Metropolitan poverty in Brazil: economic cycles, labour market and
demographic trends. International Journal of Urban and Regional
Research, Vol. 19, No. 3, Sep 1995. 383-94 pp. Cambridge,
Massachusetts/Oxford, England. In Eng. with sum. in Fre.
"Time
and locally specific poverty lines for Brazilian metropolitan areas,
which concentrate a third of the country's population, are used here to
examine the proportion of poor along the short-term cycles typical of
economic evolution in the 1980s. Although the sensibility of poverty to
the cycle is high, its long-term effect was neutral in terms of
incidence of poverty from the income point of view, but clearly adverse
when labour market indicators were considered. National Household
Sampling Survey data combined with poverty lines allowed for the
construction of labour indicators both for poor and non-poor
subpopulations, which provide clues to understanding income-earning
strategies under changing economic and demographic
conditions."
Correspondence: S. Rocha, Instituto de
Pesquisa Economica Aplicada, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Location:
Princeton University Library (UES).
62:20601 Schellekens, Jona.
Poverty and family size in two eighteenth-century Dutch
villages. Continuity and Change, Vol. 10, No. 2, Aug 1995. 199-214
pp. Cambridge, England. In Eng. with sum. in Ger; Fre.
"The
major objective of this study is to examine the extent to which and how
family size affected poverty levels in an eighteenth-century
agricultural community in the western part of what is now the Dutch
province of North Brabant. We have used poll-tax records from the two
villages of Gilze and Rijen during the period 1724-1808....After a
section which describes the data, we present estimates of poverty
levels by duration of marriage. This section is followed by one which
describes trends over time in the percentage of households which were
exempt from paying the poll tax and compares trends over time in Gilze
and Rijen with those for other villages. This section is followed in
turn by a time-series analysis of the proportion of lower-class
households which were exempt from paying the poll
tax."
Correspondence: J. Schellekens, Hebrew
University of Jerusalem, Department of Demography, Mount Scopus Campus,
Jerusalem 91905, Israel. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
62:20602 Treiman, Donald J.; McKeever,
Matthew; Fodor, Eva. Racial differences in occupational
status and income in South Africa, 1980 and 1991. Demography, Vol.
33, No. 1, Feb 1996. 111-32 pp. Silver Spring, Maryland. In Eng.
"Using data on employed men from the 1980 and 1991 South
African Censuses, we analyze the determinants of occupational status
and income. Whites are found to have much higher occupational status,
and especially income, than members of other racial groups. Most of the
racial differentials in occupational status can be explained by racial
differences in the personal assets that determine occupational
attainment (especially education), but only a much smaller fraction of
the White/non-White income differential can be so explained. Despite a
modest reduction between 1980 and 1991 in the role of race in
socioeconomic attainment, the overall picture shows more stability than
change."
Correspondence: D. J. Treiman, University of
California, Department of Sociology, Hilgard Avenue, Los Angeles, CA
90024. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
62:20603 Whittington, Leslie A.; Peters, H.
Elizabeth. Economic incentives for financial and
residential independence. Demography, Vol. 33, No. 1, Feb 1996.
82-97 pp. Silver Spring, Maryland. In Eng.
"Using data from
the Panel Study of Income Dynamics (PSID) for the period 1968-1988, we
estimate discrete-hazard models of the probability of achieving
residential and financial independence [in the United States]. We find
that the child's wage opportunities and the parents' income are
important determinants of establishing independence. The effect of
parental income changes with the child's age. We also find some
evidence that federal tax policy influences the decision to become
independent, although the magnitude of this effect is quite
small."
Correspondence: L. A. Whittington, University
of Maryland, Department of Agricultural and Resource Economics, College
Park, MD 20742. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
62:20604 Zarca, Bernard.
Inheritance and social mobility among sibships. II. Professional
activity and social activity differentials of sisters. [L'heritage
et la mobilité sociale au sien de la fratrie. II.
L'activité professionnelle et la mobilité sociale
differentielles des soeurs.] Population, Vol. 50, No. 4-5, Jul-Oct
1995. 1,137-54 pp. Paris, France. In Fre. with sum. in Eng; Spa.
"In the first part of this article, [the author provides]
evidence that there was a link between inheritance received and social
mobility of brothers [in France], in spite of the hierarchy principle
which favours the eldest son, as well as a link between celibacy and
homogamy....In the second part the author focuses attention on the
occupational, social, and matrimonial life histories of sisters. Whilst
sons tended to inherit their father's occupational position, the
mother's occupation influences that of her daughters. A daughter is
more likely to be professionally active when her brothers are upwardly
mobile. As this applies in all social groups [it] shows the importance
of the family in the reproduction of different social
groups."
For part I of this article by Zarca, published in
1995, see 61:30613.
Correspondence: B. Zarca, Centre
National de la Recherche Scientifique, 15 quai Anatole France, 75700
Paris, France. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
Descriptive studies of populations according to literacy and educational attainment, cultural background, religious affiliation, residential characteristics and segregation, and the like. Studies on social mobility are also coded under this heading.
62:20605 Chattopadhyay, A. K.; Mukhopadhyay,
A. N. A social mobility study on the basis of national
industrial classification for the state of West Bengal. Demography
India, Vol. 23, No. 1-2, Jan-Dec 1994. 203-17 pp. Delhi, India. In Eng.
"The most appropriate way of quantifying the characteristics
of a human population is by classifying their members on the basis of
some personal attribute. Thus while studying the dynamics of social
processes, it is natural to start by looking at the movement of the
people across social, economic or occupational categories....The
present study has been done on the basis of the data collected through
the Family Budget Enquiry, 1981-82....Values of...different measures of
social mobility...have been compared for the different districts of
West Bengal [India]."
Correspondence: A. K.
Chattopadhyay, University of Calcutta, Department of Statistics, 35 B.
C. Road, Calcutta 19, India. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
62:20606 Chiswick, Barry R.; Miller, Paul
W. Ethnic networks and language proficiency among
immigrants. Journal of Population Economics, Vol. 9, No. 1, Feb
1996. 19-35 pp. New York, New York/Berlin, Germany. In Eng.
"This paper uses a unique data set for Australia (1988) that
includes a variety of ethnic network variables to analyze the role of
the language concentration measure [in immigrants' acquisition of the
language of the destination country]. These ethnic variables, in
particular, ethnic press, relatives in Australia, and spouse's origin
language, are highly statistically significant. Their inclusion in the
equation eliminates the effect of the minority-language concentration
variable. The model for analyzing the determinants of English reading
and English writing skills in Australia is also shown to be very
similar to the model for speaking fluency, including the effect of the
ethnic network variables."
Correspondence: B. R.
Chiswick, University of Illinois, Department of Economics (M/C 144),
601 South Morgan Street, Room 2103, Chicago, IL 60607-7121.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
62:20607 Dustmann, Christian. The
social assimilation of immigrants. Journal of Population
Economics, Vol. 9, No. 1, Feb 1996. 37-54 pp. New York, New
York/Berlin, Germany. In Eng.
"This paper provides an
empirical analysis of the determinants of migrants' [social]
integration, using data for Germany. Ordered probit models are
estimated, where the dependent variable is an ordered response on the
feeling of national identity. The results show that personal
characteristics, the nationality and the family context affect the
migrant's integration, while labor market variables appear to be quite
unimportant."
Correspondence: C. Dustmann, University
College London, Department of Economics, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT,
England. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
62:20608 Frey, William H.; Farley,
Reynolds. Latino, Asian, and black segregation in U.S.
metropolitan areas: are multiethnic metros different? Demography,
Vol. 33, No. 1, Feb 1996. 35-50 pp. Silver Spring, Maryland. In Eng.
"This study examines 1990 residential segregation levels and
1980-1990 changes in segregation for Latinos, Asians, and blacks in
U.S. metropolitan areas. It also evaluates the effect of emerging
multiethnic metropolitan area contexts for these segregation patterns.
While black segregation levels are still well above those for Latinos
and Asians, there is some trend toward convergence over the decade.
More than half of the areas increased their Latino segregation levels
over the 1980s, and almost three-fourths increased their Asian
segregation levels. In contrast, black segregation levels decreased in
88% of metropolitan areas. Multiethnic metropolitan area context is
shown to be important for internal segregation dynamics. Black
segregation levels are lower, and were more likely to decline in
multiethnic metropolitan areas and when other minority groups grew
faster than blacks. Latino segregation was also more likely to decline
in such areas, and declines in both Latino and Asian segregation were
greater when other minority groups were
growing."
Correspondence: W. H. Frey, University of
Michigan, Population Studies Center, 1225 South University Avenue, Ann
Arbor, MI 48104-2590. Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
62:20609 Joye, Dominique; Schuler, Martin;
Meier, Urs. 1990 federal population census. The social
structure of Switzerland: socio-professional status. [Recensement
fédéral de la population 1990. La structure sociale de la
Suisse: catégories socio-professionnelles.] Statistique de la
Suisse, Pub. Order No. 001-9015. ISBN 3-303-00123-5. 1995. 193 pp.
Bundesamt für Statistik: Bern, Switzerland. In Fre.
This study
analyzes the social structure of Switzerland, using data from the 1990
census. The authors describe the methodology and concepts used to
develop the new socio-professional categories that have recently been
adopted. They then examine some regional differences in the
distribution of such categories.
Correspondence: Bundesamt
für Statistik, Hallwylstrasse 15, 3003 Bern, Switzerland.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
62:20610 Lloyd, Cynthia B.; Blanc, Ann
K. Children's schooling in Sub-Saharan Africa: the role of
fathers, mothers, and others. Population Council Research Division
Working Paper, No. 78, 1995. 52 pp. Population Council, Research
Division: New York, New York. In Eng.
"This paper examines the
determinants of children's enrollment and grade four completion--one of
UNICEF's key indicators of social progress--in seven countries of
sub-Saharan Africa, focusing on the role of parents and other household
members in providing children with residential and educational
support....The findings reveal that the resources of a child's
residential household--in particular the education of the household
head and the household standard of living--are determining factors in
explaining variations among children in these aspects of schooling. By
contrast, a child's biological parents appear to play a less critical
role....The results of this investigation further reveal that family
support systems do not operate systematically across countries to the
benefit of boys relative to girls."
This paper was originally
presented at the 1994 Annual Meeting of the Population Association of
America.
Correspondence: Population Council, One Dag
Hammarskjold Plaza, New York, NY 10017. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
62:20611 McFadden, Daniel.
Demographics, the housing market, and the welfare of the
elderly. In: Studies in the economics of aging, edited by David A.
Wise. NBER Project Report, 1994. 225-88 pp. University of Chicago
Press: Chicago, Illinois. In Eng.
"This paper [develops] a
framework for projecting housing market prices and stocks [in the
United States] in response to demographics and income and, from these
projections, [calculates] the welfare effects of housing market
volatility. The results suggest that cohorts born in the last baby boom
and after, from 1950 on, are all in roughly the same boat, without
major cohort inequities arising from housing opportunities. However,
these cohorts are slightly worse off than cohorts born in 1920-40. The
only cohorts that were substantially better off than the post-1950
cohorts in terms of housing were those born before
1920."
Correspondence: D. McFadden, University of
California, Department of Economics, 655 Evans Hall, Berkeley, CA
94707. Location: Princeton University Library (FST).
62:20612 Myers, Dowell; Lee, Seong
Woo. Immigration cohorts and residential overcrowding in
southern California. Demography, Vol. 33, No. 1, Feb 1996. 51-65
pp. Silver Spring, Maryland. In Eng.
Using data taken from the 1980
and 1990 censuses, the authors ask "to what degree...immigrants
reduce their high rates of residential overcrowding with increasing
length of residence in the United States? This question is addressed
through the application of a `double cohort' method that nests birth
cohorts within immigration cohorts. This method enables duration of
immigration effects to be separated from aging effects as cohorts pass
through life course phases, when family sizes may be growing or
shrinking. The analysis finds that cohort trends differ sharply from
the cross-sectional pattern observed at a single point in time.
Cohorts' growth in income is found to contribute substantially to the
decline in overcrowding over time. Cohort trends among Hispanic
immigrants, however, diverge from those among others, indicating much
less decrease in overcrowding and even increases over certain age
spans."
Correspondence: D. Myers, University of
Southern California, School of Urban and Regional Planning, Los
Angeles, CA 90089-0042. Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
62:20613 Niraula, Bhanu B.; Morgan, S.
Philip. Marriage formation, post-marital contact with
natal kin and autonomy of women: evidence from two Nepali
settings. Population Studies, Vol. 50, No. 1, Mar 1996. 35-50 pp.
London, England. In Eng.
"We have conducted surveys
specifically designed to study the autonomy/power of women in two
Nepali settings. Setting I is in the hills, 75 kilometers southwest of
Kathmandu; Setting II is in the tarai (plains) a few kilometers from
the border with India....In this paper we focus on aspects of marriage
formation and post-marital kin contact and their possible effects on
women's autonomy/power. Specifically, we measure women's autonomy/power
with indicators of women's freedom of movement and power in making
household decisions. We assess whether these indicators are influenced
by aspects of mate selection and kinship, including patrilocal
post-marital residence, arranged marriages, emphasis on the virginity
of brides, village exogamy, dowry, and contact with natal kin. We show
that marriage regimes differ substantially in the two settings....[The]
findings do not imply that kin relations and marriage formation are
irrelevant for women's autonomy/power. But they do challenge the
version of these arguments that isolates marriage/kinship effects at
the individual level. Autonomy, while measurable at the individual
level, is determined primarily by broad-based institutional
arrangements and associated community social control."
This
paper was originally presented at the 1995 Annual Meeting of the
Population Association of America.
Correspondence: B. B.
Niraula, University of Pennsylvania, Population Studies Center, 3718
Locust Walk/CR, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6298. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
62:20614 Paivandi, Saeed.
Demographic analysis of illiteracy in Iran. [L'analyse
démographique de l'analphabétisme en Iran.] Population,
Vol. 50, No. 4-5, Jul-Oct 1995. 1,155-84 pp. Paris, France. In Fre.
with sum. in Eng; Spa.
"Since 1985, the growth of adult
literacy in Iran has been impressive....In this article we analyze
recent trends, and stress the reduction in inequality of literacy rates
between the centre and the peripheral regions, between town and country
and between the two sexes. Quantitative methods and diagrams are used
to show the relationship between the size of the literate population
and a number of social and economic indicators. This analysis raises a
number of sociological problems relating to the population of Iran in
general. Finally, the paper deals with the impact of education on the
demographic behaviour of the population, and especially of
women."
Correspondence: S. Paivandi, Université
de Paris VIII, Vincennes a St. Denis, 2 rue de la Liberté, 93526
St. Denis Cedex 02, France. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
Descriptive studies of populations on the basis of race, ethnic group, language, and national origin.
62:20615 Allen, James P.; Turner,
Eugene. Ethnic differentiation by blocks within census
tracts. Urban Geography, Vol. 16, No. 4, May-Jun 1995. 344-64 pp.
Palm Beach, Florida. In Eng.
"How common is ethnic
differentiation within census tracts and what types of tracts are most
likely to exhibit this tendency? This research attempts to answer these
questions with block data from the 1990 U.S. census for Los Angeles
County. We measured non-random unevenness in ethnic percentage within
tracts for twelve ethnic populations by means of an adjusted index of
dissimilarity. Of the total of 300 sampled tracts, 48% showed
statistically significant differentiation at the block level. Census
tracts frequently mask details of ethnic patterning, especially in
transition zones between larger ethnic settlement regions. Ethnic
differentiation was most clearly related to block variations in housing
type and cost, and tracts with fairly uniform housing were much less
likely to show significant internal differentiation. Block-level
differentiation was no greater for blacks than for some Asian groups
and was average or low for non-Hispanic whites and people of Mexican
origin."
Correspondence: J. P. Allen, California State
University, Department of Geography, Northridge, CA 91330-8249.
Location: Princeton University Library (UES).
62:20616 Bourhis, Richard Y.
French-English language issues in Canada. International
Journal of the Sociology of Language, No. 105-106, 1994. iv, 271 pp.
Mouton de Gruyter: New York, New York/Berlin, Germany. In Eng.
This
special issue is devoted to the language question in Canada. It
particularly focuses on the two official language groups in the
country, English and French. The geographical focus is on Quebec, the
only province with a French-speaking majority, and on New Brunswick and
Ontario, the provinces with the largest French-speaking minorities. The
eight papers in the issue examine demolinguistic trends in the various
provinces, the impact of policies designed to influence language
trends, and future demographic prospects for the two
communities.
Selected items will be cited in this or subsequent
issues of Population Index.
Correspondence: Mouton de
Gruyter, Genthiner Strasse 13, 10785 Berlin, Germany. Location:
Princeton University Library (FST).
62:20617 de Vries, John. Canada's
official language communities: an overview of the current
demolinguistic situation. International Journal of the Sociology
of Language, No. 105-106, 1994. 37-68 pp. New York, New York/Berlin,
Germany. In Eng.
The demolinguistic trends affecting the two major
official language communities in Canada are reviewed for the period
1971-1991 using census data. "I will begin by discussing some of
the basic concepts used in demolinguistic analyses....The quantitative
parts of this paper...will first describe the patterns of change in
Canada's official language communities between 1971 and 1991, for the
country as a whole, for the provinces and for the major linguistic
regions. Further analysis will deal with the processes that affect the
size and composition of language communities: fertility, mortality,
migration, and language shift."
Correspondence: J. de
Vries, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario K1S 5B6, Canada.
Location: Princeton University Library (FST).
62:20618 Goldstein, Sidney; Goldstein,
Alice. Jews on the move: implications for Jewish
identity. SUNY Series in American Jewish Society in the 1990s,
ISBN 0-7914-2747-1. LC 95-5830. 1996. xxvii, 398 pp. State University
of New York Press: Albany, New York. In Eng.
"Based on data
from the 1990 National Jewish Population Survey, the authors examine
the high level of mobility among American Jews and their increasing
dispersion throughout the United States, and how this presents new
challenges to the national Jewish
community."
Correspondence: State University of New
York Press, State University Plaza, Albany, NY 12246. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
62:20619 Poujol, Catherine.
Exogenous minorities or indigenous Russians in Central Asia.
[Minorités exogènes ou Russes de l'intérieur en
Asie Centrale.] Revue d'Etudes Comparatives Est-Ouest, Vol. 26, No. 4,
Dec 1995. 125-42, 199 pp. Paris, France. In Fre. with sum. in Eng.
"The colonial and post-colonial `Russian diaspora' which is
still living in the former Soviet republics of Central Asia, to the
number of several millions, represents a painful inheritance for these
new Soviet-created states, whose identity is affirmed by underscoring
Russia's historical responsibility for them. However, the problem of
these `near abroad'...Russophones has become a political stake, as much
for the `former homeland', whose external policy must take into account
the setting-up of new frontiers, as for the new republics who are
trying to establish [themselves] firmly and endeavouring to contain
inter-ethnic pressures."
Location: Princeton
University Library (PF).
62:20620 Shumway, J. Matthew; Jackson, Richard
H. Native American population patterns. Geographical
Review, Vol. 85, No. 2, Apr 1995. 185-201 pp. New York, New York. In
Eng.
"Regional concentration characterizes the distribution of
Native Americans. They have been concentrated in the rural American
West through three centuries of governmental intervention to create
`Indian States'. The last four decades have witnessed important changes
in the geography of Native Americans. The majority of them are now
urban residents, and migration and more precise census enumeration have
resulted in significant population growth in non-Indian States. In
spite of these changes, the current patterns of Native American
population are only marginally different from the geography consequent
to three centuries of governmental intervention in locational
decisions."
Correspondence: J. M. Shumway, Brigham
Young University, Provo, UT 84602. Location: Princeton
University Library (PR).
62:20621 Sinha, Sunil K. The
demography of Indians in the United States. Demography India, Vol.
23, No. 1-2, Jan-Dec 1994. 219-27 pp. Delhi, India. In Eng.
The
author provides a profile of Asian Indians (defined as persons from
present-day India) living in the United States. The analysis is based
on data from the 1990 U.S. census. Characteristics described include
spatial distribution, urban population, age and sex, marital status,
and family or household type.
Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
62:20622 Taylor, John.
Australia's indigenous population: policy implications of
demographic change. People and Place, Vol. 3, No. 3, 1995. 4-10
pp. Monash, Australia. In Eng.
"The demography of Australia's
indigenous population is quite distinct from that of the
mainstream....Given the pressing policy significance of demographic
analysis in indigenous affairs, three questions, in particular, appear
of immediate relevance: How fast is the population growing and how is
it likely to grow over the coming years? What is the age structure of
the population and how is this likely to change? What is the spatial
distribution of the population and how is this changing? This paper
outlines the basic facts regarding each of these questions and
considers the broad policy implications of indigenous population change
into the new millennium."
Correspondence: J. Taylor,
Australian National University, Centre for Aboriginal Economic Policy
Research, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
62:20623 Verquin, Béatrice.
The French abroad: a population that is difficult to define.
[Les Français à l'étranger: une population
difficile à délimiter.] Revue Européenne des
Migrations Internationales, Vol. 11, No. 3, 1995. 193-203 pp. Poitiers,
France. In Fre.
The author presents estimates concerning the
population of French origin living outside of metropolitan France.
Problems concerning sources of data on this population are first
reviewed. The author also analyzes the French departments in which the
overseas French settle when they return to their original
country.
Correspondence: B. Verquin, Université de
Poitiers, MIGRINTER, 95 avenue Recteur Pineau, 86022 Poitiers Cedex,
France. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
