62:10559 Agnihotri,
S. B. Missing females: a disaggregated analysis.
Economic and Political Weekly, Vol. 30, No. 33, Aug 19, 1995. 2,074-84
pp. Bombay, India. In Eng.
"The problem of sex ratio imbalance in
India needs a disaggregated analysis. The absence of such analysis
masks the seriousness of the problem among certain groups and in
certain areas. This paper presents data on female/male ratio for
scheduled castes, scheduled tribes and the rest of the population.
While further disaggregation among various subgroups is necessary, the
data presented here help to identify some major problem
areas."
Location: Princeton University Library (PF).
62:10560 Armitage,
Bob. Population review: structure and distribution of the
population. Population Trends, No. 81, Autumn 1995. 7-16 pp.
London, England. In Eng.
"This article is the first in a series of
articles reviewing the changing composition of the population of the
United Kingdom....This first article gives a summary view of the
changes since the early Seventies in the structure and distribution of
the UK population, and also takes account of population projections for
future years. It begins by describing changes in the total population.
The review then goes on to consider changes in sex ratios, age
distribution, marital status, the regional distribution of the UK
resident population, population density, ethnicity and household
composition."
Correspondence: B. Armitage, Office of
Population Censuses and Surveys, Population Statistics Division, St.
Catherine's House, 10 Kingsway, London WC2B 6JP, England.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
62:10561 Carrilho,
Maria J. Demographic aging in Portugal: what are the
prospects? [O processo de envelhecimento em Portugal: que
perspectivas...?] Estudos Demograficos, No. 31, 1993. 75-98 pp. Lisbon,
Portugal. In Por.
Current and probable future trends in demographic
aging in Portugal are examined using data from official sources.
Consideration is given to regional differences in aging
trends.
Correspondence: M. J. Carrilho, Instituto Nacional
de Estatistica, Gabinete de Estudos Demograficos, Avenida Antonio Jose
de Almeida 5, 1078 Lisbon Codex, Portugal. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
62:10562 Clare,
Ross; Tulpule, Ashok. Australia's ageing society.
EPAC Background Paper, No. 37, Pub. Order No. 94 1539 X. ISBN
0-644-33032-5. Jan 1994. 104 pp. Economic Planning Advisory Council
[EPAC]: Parkes, Australia. In Eng.
"The ageing of the Australian
population is a subject which generates much popular and specialist
discussion. This paper argues that productivity growth and income
distribution are keys to responding to the ageing population, through
generating higher and more equitably shared standards of living for all
Australians. The paper provides an overview of demographic trends, the
impact of migration, the implications for social expenditures of our
ageing population, the impact of retirement income reform and issues
relating to home, community and institutional care of the
aged."
Correspondence: Economic Planning Advisory Council,
P.O. Box E4, Queen Victoria Terrace, Parkes, ACT 2600, Australia.
Location: World Bank, Joint Bank-Fund Library, Washington,
D.C.
62:10563 Craig,
John. Males and females--some vital differences.
Population Trends, No. 80, Summer 1995. 26-30 pp. London, England. In
Eng.
"More boys are born than girls, yet at older ages women far
outnumber men. This article quantifies, for England and Wales, how and
why this disparity in the sex ratio varies with age, and looks at
changes over the course of this century. The differences between male
and female mortality and migration--which lead to these imbalances in
numbers--are also set out."
Correspondence: J. Craig,
Office of Population Censuses and Surveys, St. Catherine's House, 10
Kingsway, London WC2B 6JP, England. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
62:10564 Echevarria,
Cruz A. On age distribution of population, government
expenditure and fiscal federalism. Journal of Population
Economics, Vol. 8, No. 3, Aug 1995. 301-13 pp. New York, New
York/Berlin, Germany. In Eng.
"In this paper I build a simple model
to analyze the consequences that population growth imposes on the
relative needs of expenditure of governments in a fiscal federalism
setup. I assume, first, that some government expenditure items can be
classified according to the age of their recipient individuals and,
second, that different levels of government are usually assigned
different expenditure programs. The implication is that, for an
initially given level of effective public good provision, changes in
the size of population as well as in its age structure will influence
the composition of public expenditure for different layers of
administration in a different manner."
Correspondence: C.
A. Echevarria, Universidad del Pais Vasco, Facultad de Ciencias y
Empresariales, Departamento de Fundamentos del Analisis Economico,
Avenida Lehendakari Aguirre 83, 48015 Bilbao, Spain. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
62:10565 Erman,
Tahire; Icduygu, Ahmet. Turkey and the European Union: a
comparison of population distribution and urbanization. [Turkiye
ve Avrupa Birligi: nufus dagilimi ve kentlesme acisindan bir
karsilastirma.] Nufusbilim Dergisi/Turkish Journal of Population
Studies, Vol. 16, 1994. 15-27 pp. Ankara, Turkey. In Tur. with sum. in
Eng.
"Turkey has been struggling to become a full member of the
European Community (now called the European Union) since the 1960s. In
this process, the view that Turkey differs significantly from the
European Union in terms of its population characteristics has been
considered a major obstacle to the country's acceptance into the Union.
This article explores this issue by comparing Turkey and EU in terms of
population distribution and [the] urbanization process. It examines the
differences/similarities within the EU itself and asks to what extent
Turkey is similar or different in this
context."
Correspondence: T. Erman, Bilkent Universitesi,
06533 Bilkent, Ankara, Turkey. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
62:10566 Fuguitt,
Glenn V.; Heaton, Timothy B. The impact of migration on
the nonmetropolitan population age structure, 1960-1990.
Population Research and Policy Review, Vol. 14, No. 2, Jun 1995. 215-32
pp. Dordrecht, Netherlands. In Eng.
"In this paper we examine the
short-run impact of migration on the age composition of [U.S.]
nonmetropolitan areas....We compare the impact of migration on age
structures in metropolitan and nonmetropolitan areas across the last
three decades. Within nonmetropolitan areas we also compare counties
with colleges, commuting counties, agricultural counties and retirement
counties. We conclude that several factors influence the impact of
migration on age structure. Impacts will be greater in smaller than in
larger population groups, and in areas that specialize in economic
functions that impinge on a particular age group. But in general,
migration adds young people to metropolitan areas and older people to
nonmetropolitan areas."
Correspondence: G. V. Fuguitt,
University of Wisconsin, Department of Rural Sociology, 150 Linden
Drive, Room 314, Madison, WI 53706. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
62:10567 Japanese
Organization for International Cooperation in Family Planning [JOICFP]
(Tokyo, Japan). Report of the workshop on population
aging: women in an aging society, 14-17 March, 1994, Singapore.
[1994?]. 42 pp. Tokyo, Japan. In Eng.
This is a report of a 1994
workshop held in Singapore on women in an aging society. The objectives
of the workshop were "(1) To review the problems and policy issues
surrounding women towards population aging in countries of Asia and to
exchange information, experiences and strategies among participating
countries; [and] (2) To prepare future directions and recommendations
on the issue of women in an aging society, which could serve as
background materials for the...International Conference on Population
and Development and for future formulation of policies and programmes
among countries in Asia."
Correspondence: Japanese
Organization for International Cooperation in Family Planning, Hoken
Kaikan Bekkan 1-1, Sadohara-cho, Ichigaya, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162,
Japan. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
62:10568 Japanese
Organization for International Cooperation in Family Planning [JOICFP]
(Tokyo, Japan). Summary report: seminar on population
aging, July 5-16, 1993. Nov 1993. iii, 34 pp. Tokyo, Japan. In
Eng.
This is a report from a seminar on population aging held in
Tokyo, Japan, in 1993. "The seminar was primarily aimed at promoting
the formulation of health and medical policies and the development of
systems and strategies to meet the needs of societies with aged
population using the experience of Japan as a case study. It was
attended by...representatives from China, Hong Kong, Indonesia, the
Republic of Korea, Malaysia, Singapore, Sri Lanka and
Thailand."
Correspondence: Japanese Organization for
International Cooperation in Family Planning, Hoken Kaikan Bekkan 1-1,
Sadohara-cho, Ichigaya, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162, Japan.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
62:10569 Japanese
Organization for International Cooperation in Family Planning [JOICFP]
(Tokyo, Japan). Summary report: seminar on population
aging, October 19-28, 1994. [1994?]. 56 pp. Tokyo, Japan. In Eng.
This is a report from a seminar on population aging held in Tokyo
and Hiroshima Prefecture, Japan, in 1994. "The seminar was primarily
aimed at promoting the formulation of social service policies and the
development of community support systems and strategies to meet the
needs of societies with aged populations using the experience of Japan
as a case study. It was attended by...representatives from China, Hong
Kong, Indonesia, the Republic of Korea, Malaysia, Philippines,
Singapore, Sri Lanka and Thailand."
Correspondence:
Japanese Organization for International Cooperation in Family Planning,
Hoken Kaikan Bekkan 1-1, Sadohara-cho, Ichigaya, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo
162, Japan. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
62:10570 Klinger,
Andras. Changing situation of the elderly within the
family: an international comparison. [Az idoskoruak csaladi
helyzetenek valtozasa nemzetkozi osszehasonlitasban.] Demografia, Vol.
38, No. 2-3, 1995. 118-41 pp. Budapest, Hungary. In Hun.
The author
presents a comparative study of the elderly and their familial
situation in Europe in 1990, and discusses how this has changed since
1960. Data are presented on the elderly by marital status, sex, age,
and residential status by country.
Correspondence: A.
Klinger, V. Nephadsereg-utca 4, 1505 Budapest, Hungary.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
62:10571 Landry,
David J.; Forrest, Jacqueline D. How old are U.S.
fathers? Family Planning Perspectives, Vol. 27, No. 4, Jul-Aug
1995. 159-61, 165 pp. New York, New York. In Eng.
"One in every six
U.S. birth certificates have no information on the age of the baby's
father; for more than four in 10 babies born to adolescent women, no
data are available on the father's age. Information from mothers aged
15-49 who had babies in 1988 and were surveyed in the National Maternal
and Infant Health Survey indicates that fathers for whom age is not
reported on the birth certificate are considerably younger than other
fathers. In 1988, 5% of fathers were under age 20, and 20% were aged
20-24. Fathers typically are older than mothers, especially when the
mothers are teenagers. Fathers who are unmarried, black or partners of
lower income women are younger than other
fathers."
Correspondence: D. J. Landry, Alan Guttmacher
Institute, 120 Wall Street, New York, NY 10005. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
62:10572 Mitchell,
Susan. The next baby boom. American Demographics,
Vol. 17, No. 10, Oct 1995. 22-31 pp. Ithaca, New York. In Eng.
"The
next baby boom is 72 million Americans, and their proportion of the
total U.S. population rivals that of the original boom. Children and
teens aged 18 or younger are 28 percent of the total population; the
original baby boom, now aged 31 to 49, is 30 percent. This new
generation differs from the baby boom in significant ways. While the
boomer generation was a relatively uniform group, the children of the
next boom differ radically from each other in race, living
arrangements, and socioeconomic class."
Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
62:10573 Rabusic,
Ladislav. Czech society is aging. [Ceska spolecnost
starne.] ISBN 80-210-1155-6. 1995. 192 pp. Masarykova Univerzita: Brno,
Czech Republic; Georgetown: Brno, Czech Republic. In Cze. with sum. in
Eng.
This study examines the situation concerning demographic aging
in the Czech Republic. A focus is on the problems of providing social
welfare to the elderly in a society making the difficult transition
from a communist to a capitalist economy. The author analyzes recent
trends in mortality in the country, presents population projections up
to the year 2030, and considers such issues as retirement age and the
provision of pensions.
Correspondence: Masarykova
Univerzita, Zerotinovo nam. 9, 601 77 Brno, Czech Republic.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
62:10574 Treas,
Judith; Torrecilha, Ramon. The older population. In:
State of the Union: America in the 1990s. Volume two: social trends,
edited by Reynolds Farley. 1995. 47-92 pp. Russell Sage Foundation: New
York, New York. In Eng.
"We describe the long-run growth in the
older population of the United States and contemplate a future in which
the baby boomers grow old. We point to three significant changes in the
composition of the population--shifts toward women, ethnic and racial
minorities, and the oldest-old. The chapter describes the trends in
life expectancy that contribute to the aging of the population before
it considers the disabilities limiting older Americans in pursuit of a
good old age. We examine troubling trends in the marital status of
older Americans and their remarkable success at maintaining residential
independence into their later years. We pinpoint a surprising reversal
in late-life labor force participation trends and describe the
employment of older Americans still on the job....We conclude by
describing a small...group of `new and old' Americans--recent
immigrants to the United States."
Correspondence: J. Treas,
University of California, Department of Sociology, Irvine, CA 92717.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
62:10575 Underwood,
Jane H. Sex ratio of livebirths in Micronesia.
American Journal of Human Biology, Vol. 7, No. 4, 1995. 431-5 pp. New
York, New York. In Eng.
"Using materials from an extensive family
record register for pre-World War II Guam...[the author examines]
parental age and birth order effects in a Micronesian population in
which the overall sex ratio of livebirths to 3,406 formally wed and
fertile couples was 109.6. In contrast to the results of most studies
among Euroamerican groups, secondary sex ratios on Guam were
significantly higher for higher order births and for paternal age at
last recorded birth to older couples. This apparent anomaly is
resolved, however, and James' hypothesis of human sex ratio
determination is supported when universalistic assumptions of declining
coital frequencies with spousal age and marital duration are replaced
by more appropriate and population-specific ethnodemographic
information."
Correspondence: J. H. Underwood, University
of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
62:10576 Cazzola,
Alberto. A profile of the female cycle length.
Statistica, Vol. 54, No. 4, Oct-Dec 1994. 455-79 pp. Bologna, Italy. In
Eng. with sum. in Ita.
"This study suggests some points of view
about the menstrual cycle length. In the first part aggregate
indicators of cycle characteristics are computed for various types of
data aggregations....In the second part, the period analysis and the
consequent estimated spectral density functions are applied to the
basal body temperature series." Data are for 1,798 women in London,
England.
Correspondence: A. Cazzola, Universita degli Studi
di Bologna, Dipartimento di Scienze Statistiche Paolo Fortunati, Via
delle Belle Arti 41, 40126 Bologna, Italy. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
62:10577 Leidy, L.
E. Biological aspects of menopause: across the
lifespan. Annual Review of Anthropology, Vol. 23, 1994. 231-53 pp.
Palo Alto, California. In Eng.
"This review outlines the biological
basics of menopause and then places menopause within the context of a
dynamic lifespan. The basic tenets of the lifespan approach maintain
that, for each individual, aging and development are lifelong processes
from birth to death; biological, psychological, and sociocultural
trajectories interweave across the life course; the entire lifespan
serves as a frame of reference for understanding particular events or
transitions; and the life course can be affected by environmental
change....This review also points to the gap between population-level
studies of menopause and studies carried out at the biochemical,
cellular, or organ systems level. Filling this gap...offers the most
interesting directions for future anthropological
research."
Correspondence: L. E. Leidy, University of
Massachusetts, Department of Anthropology, Amherst, MA 01003-4805.
Location: Princeton University Library (DR).
62:10578 Angeli,
Aurora; Cocchi, Daniela; Pasquini, Lucia; Samoggia,
Alessandra. Family structure and income: a first analysis
on cross-sectional data. [Struttura delle famiglie e reddito:
primi risultati di un'analisi su dati trasversali.] Statistica, Vol.
54, No. 4, Oct-Dec 1994. 435-54 pp. Bologna, Italy. In Ita. with sum.
in Eng.
"In the paper the hypothesis of differences in household
incomes depending on the sex of the householder is investigated. The
data come from the 1991 Bank of Italy Survey on Household Income....A
multiple regression model has been formulated in order to appreciate
the contribution of the householder's sex to the family and per-capita
income differentials."
Correspondence: A. Angeli,
Universita degli Studi di Bologna, Dipartimento di Scienze Statistiche
Paolo Fortunati, Via delle Belle Arti 41, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
62:10579 Attanasio,
Orazio P.; Hoynes, Hilary W. Differential mortality and
wealth accumulation. NBER Working Paper, No. 5126, May 1995. 30,
[15] pp. National Bureau of Economic Research [NBER]: Cambridge,
Massachusetts. In Eng.
"This paper examines the effect of
differential mortality on cross-sectional estimates of wealth-age
profiles in [the United States]. Our approach is to quantify the
dependence of mortality rates on wealth and use these estimates
to`correct' wealth-age profiles for sample selection due to
differential mortality. We estimate mortality rates as a function of
wealth and age for a sample of married couples drawn from the Survey of
Income and Program Participation (SIPP). Our results show that
accounting for differential mortality produces wealth profiles with
significantly more dissaving among the
elderly."
Correspondence: National Bureau of Economic
Research, 1050 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02138.
Location: Princeton University Library (FST).
62:10580 Baldwin,
Richard; Venables, Anthony J. International migration,
capital mobility and transitional dynamics. CEPR Discussion Paper,
No. 796, Jun 1993. 26 pp. Centre for Economic Policy Research [CEPR]:
London, England. In Eng.
"International factor mobility implies
that factor `endowments' of the Central and East European Countries
(CEECs) are not pre-determined in the long run. Due to factor
complementarity, there is a circular relationship between emigration
and foreign investment: capital inflows boost the wages of human
capital, thereby discouraging emigration, while a high skill level
encourages foreign investment....Our policy analysis finds that once
there is international factor mobility, the market-based equilibrium
transition path is not socially optimal. This holds even if there are
no externalities or other distortions. These concerns are magnified if
human capital has beneficial externalities and there are multiple
equilibrium paths."
Correspondence: Centre for Economic
Policy Research, 25-28 Old Burlington Street, London W1X 1LB, England.
Location: World Bank, Joint Bank-Fund Library, Washington,
D.C.
62:10581 Behrman,
Jere R. Intra-family distribution in developing
countries. Pakistan Development Review, Vol. 33, No. 3, Autumn
1994. 253-96 pp. Islamabad, Pakistan. In Eng.
"The focus of this
paper is on...the roles of gender, age, endowments, household resource
levels, labour market opportunities, marriage markets, human resource
investment prices and preferences in intra-household allocations in
developing countries. My interest is primarily in...the nature and
implications of empirical relations....I begin with a brief summary of
economic models of intra-household allocations. Since most of the
empirical literature that builds on these models focuses on
intra-household allocations among children, I focus on models related
to such allocations. These models provide a basis for interpreting
empirical evidence, to which I turn next. Finally, I conclude with a
summary of what we do and do not know about intra-household allocations
in developing countries."
Correspondence: J. R. Behrman,
University of Pennsylvania, Department of Economics, 3718 Locust Walk,
Philadelphia, PA 19104-6297. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
62:10582 Bianchi,
Suzanne M. Changing economic roles of women and men.
In: State of the Union: America in the 1990s. Volume one: economic
trends, edited by Reynolds Farley. 1995. 107-54 pp. Russell Sage
Foundation: New York, New York. In Eng.
"The fundamental gender
question of the past two decades, rising in part out of the civil
rights movement of the 1960s and the renewed women's movement of the
late 1960s and 1970s, has been: How equal are economic opportunities
and outcomes for women and men in U.S. society?...Understanding what
caused the wage gap to narrow in the 1980s is a major focus of this
chapter....[This narrowing] is in large part a story about the baby
boom generation of young women....However, this chapter is also about
another group for whom life did not seem so `fair' in the 1980s--young
men and women with a high school education or less....Finally, this
chapter is about...how recent decisions away from early marriage and
childbearing have influenced gender equality and how differences in
responsibility for children keep men's and women's roles
differentiated...."
Correspondence: S. M. Bianchi,
University of Maryland, Department of Sociology, College Park, MD
20742. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
62:10583 Borjas,
George J. The economic benefits from immigration.
Journal of Economic Perspectives, Vol. 9, No. 2, Spring 1995. 3-22 pp.
Nashville, Tennessee. In Eng.
"This paper uses a simple economic
framework to describe how natives benefit from immigration, provides a
back-of-the-envelope calculation of these benefits, and suggests the
parameters of an immigration policy that would maximize the economic
benefits. The discussion indicates that natives do benefit from
immigration mainly because of production complementarities between
immigrant workers and other factors of production, and that these
benefits are larger when immigrants are sufficiently `different' from
the stock of native productive inputs....The analysis...discusses the
impact of immigration on a host country within a competitive,
market-clearing framework." The geographical focus is on the United
States.
Correspondence: G. J. Borjas, University of
California at San Diego, Department of Economics, 9500 Gilman Drive, La
Jolla, CA 92093-0508. Location: Princeton University Library
(PF).
62:10584 Bruto da
Costa, Alfredo. The elderly poor. [Pobres idosos.]
Estudos Demograficos, No. 31, 1993. 99-105 pp. Lisbon, Portugal. In
Por.
The author examines the growth in the number of the elderly
living in poverty in Portugal. The focus is on trends occurring over
the course of the 1980s.
Correspondence: A. Bruto da Costa,
University of Bath, School of Social Sciences, Claverton Down, Bath BA2
7AY, England. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
62:10585 Farley,
Reynolds. State of the Union: America in the 1990s. Volume
one: economic trends. 1990 Census Research Series, ISBN
0-87154-240-4. LC 94-40284. 1995. xvi, 375 pp. Russell Sage Foundation:
New York, New York. In Eng.
"In two volumes, State of the Union:
America in the 1990s offers a systematic, authoritative, and concise
interpretation of what the 1990 census reveals about the American
people today. This book, the first of the two volumes, builds a
comparison with prior censuses and illuminates the economic trends that
have so greatly altered our lives....[It] focuses on the schism between
the wealthy and the poor that intensified in the 1980s as wages rose
for highly educated persons but fell for those with less than college
degrees....Each chapter in this volume focuses on a specific aspect of
economic life in the United States, but all chapters approach the task
by describing the decisions that birth cohorts--that is, all people
born within a particular 10-year period--made at different points in
their life."
Selected items will be cited in this or subsequent
issues of Population Index.
Correspondence: Russell Sage
Foundation, 112 East 64th Street, New York, NY 10021.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
62:10586
Furstenberg, Frank F.; Hoffman, Saul D.; Shrestha,
Laura. The effect of divorce on intergenerational
transfers: new evidence. Demography, Vol. 32, No. 3, Aug 1995.
319-33 pp. Washington, D.C. In Eng.
"This paper draws on new data
on intergenerational transfers of time and money that were collected in
the [U.S.] Panel Study of Income Dynamics. We use these data to examine
the effects of divorce on these transfers. We find that the timing of
divorce is critical. Fathers and mothers involved in late divorces have
similar levels of transfers with their adult children, while divorce
during a child's childhood years increases transfers with mothers and
sharply lowers them with fathers. Somewhat surprisingly, we find no
evidence that divorced fathers who paid child support are more likely
to be involved in intergenerational transfers than those who did not
pay child support."
Correspondence: F. F. Furstenberg,
University of Pennsylvania, Department of Sociology, Philadelphia, PA
19104-6299. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
62:10587 Gonzalez,
Jorge G. Illegal immigration in the presence of labor
unions. International Economic Journal, Vol. 8, No. 2, Summer
1994. 57-70 pp. Seoul, Korea, Republic of. In Eng.
"This paper
develops a general equilibrium framework of a two-sector economy which
incorporates illegal immigration in the presence of labor unions. It
demonstrates that stricter enforcement of immigration laws, by reducing
the demand for or supply of illegal aliens, benefits all legal workers
in the economy. The model is used to evaluate the impact of these
policy changes on national income. Results indicate that national
income does not necessarily fall when immigration controls are
tightened. The existence of a union mitigates the negative welfare
impact of a reduction in the number of illegal
immigrants."
Correspondence: J. G. Gonzalez, Trinity
University, Department of Economics, San Antonio, TX 78212.
Location: World Bank, Joint Bank-Fund Library, Washington,
D.C.
62:10588 Gustafsson,
Bjorn. Assessing poverty: some reflections on the
literature. Journal of Population Economics, Vol. 8, No. 4, Nov
1995. 361-81 pp. New York, New York/Berlin, Germany. In Eng.
"This
paper examines the quantitative poverty measurement literature. After
describing the literature a number of issues in poverty research are
discussed. It can be concluded that the framework for poverty
assessments is not always fixed. Much has been written about the
poverty line but the issue of updating it seems to have attracted less
attention than deserved. Substantial advancements in poverty research
have been gained by fuller reports on the extent of poverty through the
use of poverty indices and because of increased availability of panel
data."
Correspondence: B. Gustafsson, University of
Goteborg, Department of Social Work, Sprangkullsgatan 23, 411 23
Goteborg, Sweden. Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
62:10589 Gustafsson,
Bjorn; Makonnen, Negatu. The importance of remittances for
the level and distribution of economic well-being in Lesotho.
Journal of International Development, Vol. 6, No. 4, Jul-Aug 1994.
373-97 pp. Chichester, England. In Eng.
"Using the 1986/87
Household Budget Survey of Lesotho, we measure the extent of
inequality, identify the determinants of economic well-being and
decompose total inequality by population subgroups. The results show
large inequality in economic well-being. Many households in Lesotho are
heavily dependent on miners' remittances from the Republic of South
Africa. In the study we quantify their effects on the level of
well-being and the extent of inequality. It is concluded that
remittances decrease inequality in
Lesotho."
Correspondence: B. Gustafsson, University of
Goteborg, Department of Economics, Vasaparken, 411 24 Goteborg, Sweden.
Location: World Bank, Joint Bank-Fund Library, Washington,
D.C.
62:10590 Karoly,
Lynn A.; Burtless, Gary. Demographic change, rising
earnings inequality, and the distribution of personal well-being,
1959-1989. Demography, Vol. 32, No. 3, Aug 1995. 379-405 pp.
Washington, D.C. In Eng.
"This paper uses new methods to determine
the sources of the sharp fall and then the steep rise in [U.S.]
personal income inequality between 1959 and 1989. The increase in the
proportion of single-head families tended to boost inequality over the
entire period. Forty percent of the reduction in income inequality in
the 1960s occurred because of the decline in earnings inequality among
male heads of families; more than one-third of the increase in
inequality after 1969 occurred because inequality in male earnings
soared. Since 1979 females' gains in earnings have increased inequality
because these gains have been concentrated increasingly in families
with high incomes."
Correspondence: L. A. Karoly, RAND,
1700 Main Street, P.O. Box 2138, Santa Monica, CA 90407-2138.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
62:10591 Konrad, Kai
A. Social security and strategic inter-vivos transfers of
social capital. Journal of Population Economics, Vol. 8, No. 3,
Aug 1995. 315-26 pp. New York, New York/Berlin, Germany. In Eng.
"This paper explains public provision of social capital in an
overlapping generations model with `gerontocracy', without resort to
any bequest motive. The old generation has an incentive to provide
education and infrastructure because these goods shift the Laffer curve
of social security taxation, thereby increasing old-age income in the
political equilibrium. The incentive is stronger if population growth
is larger. The marginal productivity of social capital in the political
equilibrium may exceed or fall short of the marginal productivity of
social capital in an efficient allocation."
Correspondence:
K. A. Konrad, Free University of Berlin, Department of Economics,
Boltzmannstrasse 20, 14195 Berlin, Germany. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
62:10592 Levy,
Frank. Incomes and income inequality. In: State of
the Union: America in the 1990s. Volume one: economic trends, edited by
Reynolds Farley. 1995. 1-57 pp. Russell Sage Foundation: New York, New
York. In Eng.
The author explores the question, "what has happened
to [the U.S.] standard of living over the last two decades?...I discuss
the distributions of male and female earnings, beginning with the
macro- and microeconomic forces that shaped these distributions....I
discuss the distributions of family and household incomes beginning
with a review of demographic changes in household and family structure.
This section also closes with a geographic look at the data....I extend
the discussion into several areas that standard census data do not
cover: the impact of fringe benefits and taxes, the details of the
extreme upper tail of the income distribution, and the distribution of
household wealth....[I describe] the experience of three broad income
groups: the rich, the middle class, and the poor....I briefly trace the
economic status of four demographic groups that crosscut income levels:
children, the elderly, blacks, and Hispanics. [Then] I focus
specifically on the post-1989 period and the `white collar recession,'
a period that seems to run against the widening college-high school
earnings gap...."
Correspondence: F. Levy, Massachusetts
Institute of Technology, Department of Urban Studies and Planning,
Cambridge, MA 02139. Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
62:10593 Lloyd,
Cynthia B. Household structure and poverty: what are the
connections? Population Council Research Division Working Paper,
Vol. 74, 1995. 37 pp. Population Council, Research Division: New York,
New York. In Eng.
"This paper assesses household structure and
function as factors in the wellbeing or poverty of individuals. It
explores the implications for the measurement of poverty of differences
between the coresidential household and the sharing family....The
remainder of the paper is devoted to three dimensions of household
economics that affect the relationship between household structure and
poverty: the determinants of household formation and affiliation, the
existence of economic links between households, and the distribution of
resources within households."
This is a revised version of a paper
originally presented at the 1995 Annual Meeting of the Population
Association of America.
Correspondence: Population Council,
Research Division, One Dag Hammarskjold Plaza, New York, NY 10017.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
62:10594 Potts,
Deborah. Shall we go home? Increasing urban poverty in
African cities and migration processes. Geographical Journal, Vol.
161, No. 3, Nov 1995. 245-64 pp. London, England. In Eng.
The
impact of economic decline in the 1980s, as well as that of IMF
structural adjustment programs, on urban incomes in Africa is explored.
The author notes that, in addition to devastating the real income of a
large proportion of the urban population, "the gap between real rural
incomes and real urban incomes has often narrowed considerably. It
appears that the rate of urban growth in some African countries has
slowed considerably, and there is also some evidence that new forms of
`reverse migration' from urban to rural areas have occurred. An attempt
will be made to assess this evidence, drawing on examples from
different countries, including Zambia, Uganda and
Tanzania."
Correspondence: D. Potts, University of London,
School of Oriental and African Studies, Department of Geography,
Thornhaugh Street, Russell Square, London WC1H 0XG, England.
Location: Princeton University Library (PR).
62:10595 Rendall,
Michael S.; Speare, Alden. Elderly poverty alleviation
through living with family. Journal of Population Economics, Vol.
8, No. 4, Nov 1995. 383-405 pp. New York, New York/Berlin, Germany. In
Eng.
"We estimate here the extent of United States elderly poverty
alleviation through living with family. These estimates are motivated
by public-policy concern about the well-being of the elderly, and by
the relevance of the process for fertility under the old-age-security
hypothesis. An inter-temporal poverty-measurement model is estimated
with 1984 Survey of Income and Program Participation income and wealth
data. Without extended-family co-residence, and assuming no bequests,
poverty rates would increase 42% over observed rates. Female elderly
account for almost all the alleviated poverty. As a population, their
impoverishment with age is effectively prevented by co-residence.
Proportionately more black than white elderly are beneficiaries of
poverty alleviation through living with family, but white elderly are
more likely to be beneficiaries if at
risk."
Correspondence: M. S. Rendall, Cornell University,
Department of Consumer Economics and Housing, Ithaca, NY 14853-4401.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
62:10596 Schoeni,
Robert F. Marital status and earnings in developed
countries. Journal of Population Economics, Vol. 8, No. 4, Nov
1995. 351-9 pp. New York, New York/Berlin, Germany. In Eng.
"When
estimating earnings equations for men in the United States, a
dichotomous variable for whether or not the man is currently married is
often included as a regressor. The coefficient estimate for this
variable is most usually large and significant. However, there is
rarely much discussion of the marriage effect. This effect is central
to this study, which contributes to the understanding of this
statistical association in two ways. First, it shows that the
relationship exists in almost all of the fourteen developed countries
examined and across several different time periods. Controlling for
age, and, when available, education, race/ethnicity, hours worked, and
location, marriage differences in annual earnings in favor of currently
married males range from 0% to 30%. Second, it finds that there are
important differences between those who are separated, divorced,
widowed, and never married."
Correspondence: R. F. Schoeni,
RAND, Labor and Population Program, 1700 Main Street, Santa Monica, CA
90407. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
62:10597 Thom, Linda
H. How Thor tried to drain the magic drinking horn or why
poverty increases in the United States. Population and
Environment, Vol. 17, No. 1, Sep 1995. 7-17 pp. New York, New York. In
Eng.
The author discusses the impact of immigration on poverty in
the United States. She uses data for California and Texas to make the
case that the United States needs to limit immigration if it wants to
control poverty.
Correspondence: L. H. Thom, 1236 Camino
Palomera, Santa Barbara, CA 93111. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
62:10598 Walker,
Chip. The global middle class. American Demographics,
Vol. 17, No. 9, Sep 1995. 40-6 pp. Ithaca, New York. In Eng.
This
article examines the growth of a relatively affluent middle class in
developing countries around the world, with reference to the
opportunities that arise for U.S. businesses seeking new
markets.
Correspondence: C. Walker, McCann-Erickson, 750
Third Avenue, New York, NY 14304. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
62:10599 Weeks,
John. Income distribution and its implications for
migration in Sub-Saharan Africa. In: Economic and demographic
change in Africa, edited by Archie Mafeje and Samir Radwan. 1995. 63-83
pp. Clarendon Press: Oxford, England. In Eng.
This chapter concerns
the relationship between demographic trends and income distribution in
Sub-Saharan Africa in a period characterized by economic stagnation or,
in some cases, decline. The conventional wisdom concerning this
relationship is first summarized, and shown no longer to apply to
current conditions. The author then examines rural-urban differentials
in income, and discusses the role that rural-urban migration plays.
"The central argument of this chapter is that [Sub-Saharan Africa] is
no longer characterized by wide income differentials between town and
countryside or between urban worker and rural
peasant."
Correspondence: J. Weeks, University of London,
School of Oriental and African Studies, Department of Economics,
Thornhaugh Street, Russell Square, London WC1H 0XG, England.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
62:10600 Bradburn,
Ellen M.; Moen, Phyllis; Dempster-McClain, Donna. Women's
return to school following the transition to motherhood. Social
Forces, Vol. 73, No. 4, Jun 1995. 1,517-51 pp. Chapel Hill, North
Carolina. In Eng.
"This study draws on a life course perspective
and event history methods to analyze the factors affecting the rate of
[U.S.] women's school reentry following marriage and motherhood. We use
a panel data archive of women born between 1905 and 1933 who were
married and had children at the time of their first interviews in 1956
and draw on life histories collected during a second interview in 1986.
Key variables related to an increase in the rate of school reentry
include higher levels of prior education, holding nontraditional
gender-role orientations, and life course experiences such as divorce
and part-time employment. Further, more recent cohorts of women are
more likely to return to school than those born earlier in the
century."
Correspondence: E. M. Bradburn, Coe College,
Department of Sociology, 1220 First Avenue NE, Cedar Rapids, IA 52402.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
62:10601 Egidi,
Viviana; Sabbadini, Linda L.; Zaccarin, Susanna. Women's
roles between family and employment: empirical evidence from individual
data. [Ruoli della donna tra famiglia e lavoro: evidenze empiriche
da dati individuali.] Statistica, Vol. 54, No. 4, Oct-Dec 1994. 411-33
pp. Bologna, Italy. In Ita. with sum. in Eng.
"Status of women is
generally recognised as a key variable in the analysis of demographic
and social behaviour. Women's status is a multidimensional concept that
arises from the complex interactions of different factors. In this
paper, the links between women's individual characteristics and roles
that women played are analysed by the means of a sequence of
multivariate techniques. Data are taken from the Italian Multipurpose
Survey and the roles of worker, wife and mother are
considered."
Correspondence: V. Egidi, Istituto Nazionale
di Statistica, Via Cesare Balbo 11a, 00184 Rome, Italy.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
62:10602 Farley,
Reynolds. State of the Union: America in the 1990s. Volume
two: social trends. 1990 Census Research Series, ISBN
0-87154-241-2. LC 94-40284. 1995. xvii, 377 pp. Russell Sage
Foundation: New York, New York. In Eng.
"In two volumes, State of
the Union: America in the 1990s offers a systematic, authoritative, and
concise interpretation of what the 1990 census reveals about the
American people today. This book, the second of the two volumes, builds
a comparison with prior censuses and illuminates the social trends that
have so greatly altered our lives....[It] examines the striking changes
in American families and the rapid shifts in the country's racial and
ethnic composition. Americans are marrying much later and divorcing
more often, and increasing numbers of unmarried women are giving birth.
These shifts have placed a growing proportion of children at risk of
poverty. In glaring contrast, the elderly were the only group to make
gains in the 1980s and are now healthier and more prosperous than ever
before. The concentrated immigration of Asians and Hispanics to a few
states and cities created extraordinary pockets of diversity within the
population."
Selected items will be cited in this or subsequent
issues of Population Index.
Correspondence: Russell Sage
Foundation, 112 East 64th Street, New York, NY 10021.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
62:10603 Fielding,
A. J. Migration and social change: a longitudinal study of
the social mobility of "immigrants" in England and Wales. European
Journal of Population/Revue Europeenne de Demographie, Vol. 11, No. 2,
1995. 107-21 pp. Hingham, Massachusetts/Dordrecht, Netherlands. In Eng.
with sum. in Fre.
"Data from the OPCS Longitudinal Study is used to
examine the social mobility of `immigrants' in England and Wales
between 1971 and 1981. Three issues are raised: (i) in what respects
and to what degree do `immigrants' differ in their social mobility
characteristics from the norm set by the population as a whole?; (ii)
in what respects and to what degree do `immigrants' differ amongst
themselves in their social mobility characteristics according to their
country of origin?; and (iii) how do `second-generation immigrants' and
recently-arrived immigrants differ in their social class locations from
those who have been in the British labour market for a considerable
length of time?"
Correspondence: A. J. Fielding,
Ritsumeikan University, Faculty of Economics, Kyoto, Japan.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
62:10604 Mare,
Robert D. Changes in educational attainment and school
enrollment. In: State of the Union: America in the 1990s. Volume
one: economic trends, edited by Reynolds Farley. 1995. 155-213 pp.
Russell Sage Foundation: New York, New York. In Eng.
The author
"describes an important gender difference in [the] trend toward greater
[U.S. educational] attainment: women, much more so than men, continued
their enrollments and now statistically dominate the pool of recent
college graduates....But racial differences remain large, since Asians
and whites stay enrolled much longer than do Hispanics or blacks and
thus get a large share of the advance degrees that lead to the best
jobs and highest pay. On an optimistic note, [the author] reports about
the rising scores of African Americans on standardized tests....Using
an innovative approach with census data, [he] demonstrates that during
the 1980s highly educated parents continued to transmit their
advantages to their children, both by sending them to preschools and by
encouraging their school enrollment in late
adolescence."
Correspondence: R. D. Mare, University of
Wisconsin, Center for Demography and Ecology, 4412 Social Science
Building, 1180 Observatory Drive, Madison, WI 53706-1393.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
62:10605 Massey,
Douglas S.; Hajnal, Zoltan L. The changing geographic
structure of black-white segregation in the United States. Social
Science Quarterly, Vol. 76, No. 3, Sep 1995. 527-42 pp. Austin, Texas.
In Eng.
The goal of this study is to measure black segregation at
four geographic levels in the United States--state, county, city, and
neighborhood--and to assess the changing geographic structure of
segregation using census data from 1900 to 1990. The results indicate
"a long-term trend away from macro-level segregation toward micro-level
segregation....Whereas state-level and county-level segregation indexes
fell from 1900 to 1970, neighborhood-level indexes rose. Beginning
around 1950, municipal-level segregation began to increase as well,
yielding a geographic pattern in which blacks and whites increasingly
live in different cities as well as different
neighborhoods."
Correspondence: D. S. Massey, University of
Pennsylvania, Population Studies Center, 3718 Locust Walk,
Philadelphia, PA 19104-6298. Location: Princeton University
Library (PR).
62:10606 Meekers,
Dominique; Gage, Anastasia; Li, Zhan. Preparing
adolescents for adulthood: family life education and pregnancy-related
school expulsion in Kenya. Population Research and Policy Review,
Vol. 14, No. 1, Mar 1995. 91-110 pp. Dordrecht, Netherlands. In Eng.
"In this paper, we use data from a sample of 154 Kenyan primary and
secondary schools to study differentials in the extent to which various
types of schools are affected by pregnancy-related school dropouts, and
to examine the opinions of the head teachers regarding teaching about
contraceptive methods and readmittance of pregnancy-related
dropouts....The results from this study demonstrate that all types of
schools are affected by pregnancy-related
dropouts."
Correspondence: D. Meekers, Pennsylvania State
University, Department of Sociology, 211 Oswald Tower, University Park,
PA 16802. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
62:10607 Myers,
Dowell; Wolch, Jennifer R. The polarization of housing
status. In: State of the Union: America in the 1990s. Volume one:
economic trends, edited by Reynolds Farley. 1995. 269-334 pp. Russell
Sage Foundation: New York, New York. In Eng.
"Our task in this
chapter is to describe [U.S.] housing dynamics in the 1980s....We focus
primarily on the shelter situation of the population and the extent of
the mismatch between shelter needs and the supply of dwelling units. As
indicators of housing stress, we consider, sequentially, household
formation rates, residential overcrowding, affordability, and
homeownership rates. Then, as a means of providing an aggregate picture
of housing status changes, we analyze changes experienced at both
margins of the housing status distribution. Throughout, we emphasize
the changing housing market experiences faced by different age groups,
racial-ethnic groups, gender divisions, and other key demographic and
socioeconomic cleavages."
Correspondence: D. Myers,
University of Southern California, Department of Urban and Regional
Planning, Los Angeles, CA 90089. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
62:10608 Rosenbaum,
Emily. The making of a ghetto: spatially concentrated
poverty in New York City in the 1980s. Population Research and
Policy Review, Vol. 14, No. 1, Mar 1995. 1-27 pp. Dordrecht,
Netherlands. In Eng.
"This paper utilizes a multivariate analysis
to identify the processes underlying areal income-class transition in
New York City during 1978-1987, and the areal characteristics that
predict a consistent path of change. By anchoring the analysis at the
level of the individual housing unit, this study disentangles the
competing mechanisms of poverty concentration and demonstrates that
both selective mobility and shifts in income class contribute to areal
income-class transition, but that the latter mechanism accounts for a
greater amount of change. Further, after controlling for the proportion
of minority residents and public housing units in the area, the results
show that location in poor areas is associated with poor in-movement,
nonpoor out-movement, and downward shifts in the income class among
long-term residents. These mutually reinforcing processes lead to
continued decline in extreme- and high-poverty areas, while processes
in the opposite direction sustain the economic vitality of low-poverty
areas."
Correspondence: E. Rosenbaum, Fordham University,
Department of Sociology, 407 Dealy Hall, 441 East Fordham Road, Bronx,
NY 10458. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
62:10609 Shariff,
Abusaleh. Socio-economic and demographic differentials
between Hindus and Muslims in India. Economic and Political
Weekly, Vol. 30, No. 46, Nov 18, 1995. 2,947-53 pp. Bombay, India. In
Eng.
"This paper reviews the socio-economic and demographic data
according to religion available from various censuses, [the] National
Sample Survey and academic publications since the independence of
India. Indicators such as the structure and levels of employment, of
living and of education according to religion are discussed. The
fertility and mortality indicators, distribution and growth of
population are also presented. The paper emphasises the need to
strengthen the data [base] which would allow a study of ethnic and
religious differentials in socio-economic and educational
achievements."
Location: Princeton University Library (PF).
62:10610 Sufian, Abu
J. M. Socioeconomic determinants of crowding inside home
in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia: a comparative analysis.
Nufusbilim Dergisi/Turkish Journal of Population Studies, Vol. 16,
1994. 57-63 pp. Ankara, Turkey. In Eng. with sum. in Tur.
"To
explore the relationship between...socioeconomic factors and...crowding
inside [the] home, measured as the average number of persons per room
in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia, two groups of
families--Saudis, and non-Saudis--were examined by employing the dummy
regression technique. For both Saudis and non-Saudis, the number of
living children and income are significantly related with the number of
persons per room. The other explanatory variable of significance, but
only for Saudis, is the husband's
occupation."
Correspondence: A. J. M. Sufian, King Faisal
University, Department of Urban and Regional Planning, P.O. Box 1982,
Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
62:10611 Tucker, C.
Jack; Long, Larry; Marx, Jonathan. Seasonality of
children's residential mobility: a research note. Population
Research and Policy Review, Vol. 14, No. 2, Jun 1995. 205-13 pp.
Dordrecht, Netherlands. In Eng.
"Parents are often advised to
schedule changes of residence for the summer so that children do not
change schools during the regular school year. But very little research
has been done on seasonality of children's moves and whether families
that move `off season' differ from those that move in the summer. The
child supplement to the 1988 [U.S.] National Health Interview Survey
offers an opportunity to examine the degree of seasonality of
children's mobility and to analyze characteristics that increase or
decrease the probability of moving during the summer months. We find
that many variables included in studies of differential mobility
exhibit seasonal effects, but in a multivariate model age of child
(beyond 7 or 8 years old), long-distance moves, a highly educated
mother, and race that is not Black most strongly raise the odds of
moving in the summer."
Correspondence: C. J. Tucker,
Winthrop University, Department of Sociology, 320 Kinard Building, Rock
Hill, SC 29773. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
62:10612 Alba,
Richard D.; Denton, Nancy A.; Leung, Shu-yin J.; Logan, John
R. Neighborhood change under conditions of mass
immigration: the New York City region, 1970-1990. International
Migration Review, Vol. 29, No. 3, Fall 1995. 625-56 pp. Staten Island,
New York. In Eng.
"This article investigates the shifting racial
and ethnic composition of neighborhoods in the Greater New York
metropolitan region in the 1970-1990 period, during which the region
has been one of the nation's major receiving grounds for new immigrant
groups. Neighborhoods are defined in terms of census tracts, and
changes in neighborhood composition are tracked with data from the
1970, 1980, and 1990 censuses. Four racial/ethnic groups are
considered: non-Hispanic whites, non-Hispanic blacks, Hispanics and
Asians. The analysis, which exploits the neighborhood transition
table...,reveals a somewhat paradoxical set of developments. On the one
hand, there is increasing racial and ethnic complexity in neighborhoods
throughout the region: more and more neighborhoods contain multiple
groups; fewer and fewer are ethnically or racially homogeneous. On the
other hand, there is a crosscutting trend: all-minority neighborhoods,
occupied by blacks or blacks and Hispanics, are growing in number. We
demonstrate further that these two patterns are associated with other
characteristics of neighborhoods, such as the median incomes of their
households and whether they are located in cities or suburbs."
This
is a revised version of a paper originally presented at the 1993 Annual
Meeting of the Population Association of
America.
Correspondence: R. D. Alba, State University of
New York, Albany, NY 12222. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
62:10613 Haberman,
Steven; Schmool, Marlena. Estimates of the British Jewish
population 1984-88. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society,
Series A: Statistics in Society, Vol. 158, No. 3, 1995. 547-62 pp.
London, England. In Eng.
"During the 20th century, estimates of the
British Jewish population have been obtained by applying appropriate
death-rates to communal mortality data. This death-rate method has
become increasingly sophisticated with respect to the death-rates used.
The exercise reported here covers more than 22,000 deaths recorded in
the community over the 5-year period [1984-1988]....An estimate of
308,000 is suggested for the community, in which deaths-related data
are augmented by information about births within the
community."
Correspondence: S. Haberman, City University,
Department of Actuarial Science and Statistics, Northampton Square,
London EC1V 0HB, England. Location: Princeton University
Library (PF).
62:10614 Hansen,
Kristin A.; Bachu, Amara. The foreign-born population:
1994. Current Population Reports, Series P-20: Population
Characteristics, No. 486, Aug 1995. 5 pp. U.S. Bureau of the Census:
Washington, D.C. In Eng.
The authors describe selected
characteristics of the foreign-born population in the United States in
1994. Data are presented on spatial distribution, year of entry,
country of birth, age, sex, race and Hispanic origin, fertility,
education, labor force status, income, poverty status, and home
ownership.
Correspondence: U.S. Government Printing Office,
Superintendent of Documents, Washington, D.C. 20402-9328.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
62:10615 Harrison,
Roderick J.; Bennett, Claudette E. Racial and ethnic
diversity. In: State of the Union: America in the 1990s. Volume
two: social trends, edited by Reynolds Farley. 1995. 141-210 pp.
Russell Sage Foundation: New York, New York. In Eng.
The authors
describe the "heterogeneous racial and ethnic minorities [in the United
States] in 1990. They stress the rapid growth of minority populations
vis-a-vis the white population. But they point out that the rapidly
growing Asian and Hispanic populations are geographically concentrated,
so the shift away from numerical dominance by whites is occurring in
some places but not in others. They address the question of whether
today's minorities will replicate the highly successful assimilation
process of the European immigrants who came to the United States
between 1880 and the early 1920s. They conclude that this may happen
for some groups, including Asians, but will probably not occur for
others, especially for African Americans and for American
Indians."
Correspondence: R. J. Harrison, U.S. Bureau of
the Census, Washington, D.C. 20233. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
62:10616 Kosmin,
Barry A.; Scheckner, Jeffrey. Jewish population in the
United States, 1994. In: American Jewish year book, 1995, edited
by David Singer and Ruth R. Selden. ISBN 0-87495-108-9. LC 99-4040.
1995. 181-206 pp. American Jewish Committee: New York, New York. In
Eng.
Estimates of the Jewish population of the United States for
1994 are presented by state, metropolitan statistical area, and
community. The total Jewish population for the country is estimated to
be 5.9 million.
Correspondence: American Jewish Committee,
American Jewish Year Book, 165 East 56th Street, New York, NY 10022.
Location: Princeton University Library (DR).
62:10617 Mora
Bernasconi, Carlos. The national census and indigenous
Amazonian groups. [El censo nacional y los grupos indigenas
amazonicos.] Revista Peruana de Poblacion, No. 4, 1994. 9-40 pp. Lima,
Peru. In Spa. with sum. in Eng.
The author uses data from the 1981
Peruvian census to determine the size and characteristics of the
indigenous population of the Amazon region. "The document includes a
series of graphs and tables comparing ethnic group, province and
district categories, which could constitute a first data base and an
important source of comparison with information coming from the recent
(1993) census."
Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
62:10618 Mutlu,
Servet. Population of Turkey by ethnic groups and
provinces. New Perspectives on Turkey, No. 12, Spring 1995. 33-60
pp. Istanbul, Turkey. In Eng.
"The principal objective of this
paper...is to estimate the number of Kurds in Turkey and their spatial
distribution....The ethnically Kurdish component of the population has
increased from 3.132 million in 1965 to 7.046 million in 1990. This
very substantial increase has been due to high fertility, which is a
characteristic of agrarian or recently agrarian societies...coupled
with falling mortality, a typical case of demographic
transition....Perhaps more importantly, the massive population
movements during the last two decades have spatially redistributed the
Kurds."
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
62:10619 Oyarce, Ana
M.; Schkolnik, Susana. The Mapuche population: a
multidisciplinary investigation of indigenous communities in
Chile. [Los mapuches: una investigacion multidisciplinaria en
reducciones indigenas de Chile.] Notas de Poblacion, Vol. 23, No. 61,
Jun 1995. 211-39 pp. Santiago, Chile. In Spa. with sum. in Eng.
"The main purpose of this document is to present a
multidisciplinary research experience [concerning] the mapuche
population living in indigenous communities in Chile. The project was
developed in three stages. The first one was a preliminary overview of
the demographic characteristics and living conditions of the population
in the indigenous communities in the Araucania Region....In the second
stage an experimental census was carried out in four districts in the
area of Temuco, Cautin province. Information on demographic and
socioeconomic characteristics as well as cultural and mother and child
care data was collected. The third stage was an in-depth case study of
the risk factors related to infant
mortality."
Correspondence: A. M. Oyarce, Universidad de la
Frontera, Programa de Apoyo y Extension en Salud Materno Infantil,
Avenida Francisco Salazar 01145, Casilla 54-D, Temuco, Chile.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
62:10620 Spickard,
Paul R.; Fong, Rowena. Pacific Islander Americans and
multiethnicity: a vision of America's future? Social Forces, Vol.
73, No. 4, Jun 1995. 1,365-83 pp. Chapel Hill, North Carolina. In Eng.
"Americans are rapidly becoming an ethnically plural people. Not
only are there many different peoples in the U.S., but a sharply
increasing number of individuals are coming to have and to recognize
multiple ethnic strains within themselves....Drawing on survey data and
interviews as well as literary sources, this article analyzes the
features of Pacific Islander American multiethnic identity: it is
situational; individuals commonly simplify their ethnicity in practical
living; and people with multiple ancestries are admitted to group
membership on much the same basis as people with single ancestries. The
bases of Pacific Islander American ethnicity include ancestry, family,
practice, and place."
Correspondence: P. R. Spickard,
Brigham Young University--Hawaii, Division of Social Sciences, Laie, HI
96762. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
