61:30720 Bartlett,
Albert A.; Lytwak, Edward P. Zero growth of the population
of the United States. Population and Environment, Vol. 16, No. 5,
May 1995. 415-28 pp. New York, New York. In Eng.
"This paper begins
with the assumption that the United States should stop its population
growth immediately so as to have and maintain a population that is
unchanging in size. Our purpose is to examine the options that would
allow us to achieve this goal....This paper is intended to increase
understanding of the immigration issue by exploring the simple
mathematical relationships between immigration and [other] factors
which all act together to determine the growth rate of a
population."
Correspondence: A. A. Bartlett, University of
Colorado, Department of Physics, Boulder, CO 80309-0390.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
61:30721 Cassen,
Robert; Bates, Lisa M. Population policy: a new
consensus. Policy Essay, No. 12, ISBN 1-56517-017-2. LC 94-28294.
1994. ix, 93 pp. Overseas Development Council: Washington, D.C. In Eng.
"This essay examines the current thinking and policy debate on the
effects of population growth on economic development in the developing
countries. The [authors review] what the developing countries and the
international community have done to address population and its related
concerns and [present] recommendations for appropriate policies for
international action in the coming years, taking the view that
development and population policies are mutually
reinforcing."
Correspondence: Overseas Development Council,
1875 Connecticut Avenue NW, Suite 1012-PE, Washington, D.C. 20009.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
61:30722 Eberstadt,
Nicholas. Population issues. Assumptions: accurate or
not. American Enterprise, Vol. 5, No. 5, Sep-Oct 1994. 36-9 pp.
Washington, D.C. In Eng.
"The favor that population policy enjoys
today in the corridors of government derives from the presumption that
it is a tested and scientifically grounded instrument at the disposal
of the modern statesman. Five premises underlie this belief. None is
demonstrably true."
Correspondence: N. Eberstadt, American
Enterprise Institute for Public Policy Research, 1150 17th Street NW,
Washington, D.C. 20036. Location: World Bank, Joint Bank-Fund
Library, Washington, D.C.
61:30723 Eberstadt,
Nicholas. What is population policy? Society, Vol.
32, No. 4, May-Jun 1995. 26-9 pp. New Brunswick, New Jersey. In Eng.
The author challenges the five basic assumptions on which
population policies are generally based. These are that there is a
body of population science capable of explaining the relationship
between population and socioeconomic change, that overpopulation
exists, that there is an unmet demand for modern contraceptive services
in developing countries, that meeting this demand would lead to
fertility decline, and that active population policy can achieve
worldwide lowering of birth rates through entirely voluntary means.
"None of these premises is demonstrably true. To the extent than any
of these premises can be empirically tested, each one appears to be
demonstrably false."
Correspondence: N. Eberstadt, American
Enterprise Institute for Public Policy Research, 1150 17th Street NW,
Washington, D.C. 20036. Location: Princeton University
Library (PR).
61:30724 Moors,
Hein; Beets, Gijs; van den Brekel, Hans. Opinions and
attitudes on population issues, 1983-1990. [Opvattingen over en
acceptatie van bevolkingsbeleid, 1983-1990.] NIDI Rapport, No. 41, ISBN
90-70990-52-0. 1995. 139 pp. Netherlands Interdisciplinary Demographic
Institute [NIDI]: The Hague, Netherlands. In Dut. with sum. in Eng.
"This study reports on the results of a mail survey among the Dutch
population in the age range 20-64 years old carried out in 1990....The
survey is mainly focused on the relationship between individual
behaviour and government policy, in particular those policies related
to family and work arrangements. Topics dealt with include child
allowances, maternity leave, child-care facilities and part-time work
arrangements. Special attention is given as well to attitudes and
opinions regarding other relevant demographic categories [such] as
elderly people and migrants, including policy aspects. The findings
are compared with those from the previous surveys in the 1980s. The
results indicate that young couples as well as parents express an
increasing need for government support be it in different forms
depending on the phase of family formation. At the same time, the
acceptance of favourable policies for special groups in society
receives less and less support from those who are not benefitting from
it themselves."
Correspondence: Netherlands
Interdisciplinary Demographic Institute, P.O. Box 11650, 2502 AR The
Hague, Netherlands. Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
61:30725 Okazaki,
Yoichi. On population policy in Japan. Jinkogaku
Kenkyu/Journal of Population Studies, No. 18, May 1995. 1-12 pp. Tokyo,
Japan. In Jpn. with sum. in Eng.
"In this paper, the author
presents his idea on the concept of population policy, emphasizing the
importance of indirect measures. As an example the child allowance
system in Japan is explained and evaluated by comparing [it] with those
in Western countries."
Correspondence: Y. Okazaki, Nihon
University, Tokyo 102, Japan. Location: Princeton University
Library (Gest).
61:30726 Pearce,
Tola O. Population policies and the "creation" of
Africa. Afrique et Developpement/Africa Development, Vol. 19, No.
3, 1994. 61-76 pp. Dakar, Senegal. In Eng. with sum. in Fre.
"This
paper will look at the ways in which population policies have played an
important role in the ongoing debate about African identities and
culture....In dealing with the construction of Africa, this paper will
be limited to the impact of the population discourse on Africans.
Three groups will be considered. These are: the target population of
(largely rural) women; males (representing the patriarchal dimension);
and African intellectuals. Even though membership in each group is not
mutually exclusive, each will be dealt with separately for ease of
analysis."
Correspondence: T. O. Pearce, Obafemi Awolowo
University, Ile Ife, Nigeria. Location: World Bank, Joint
Bank-Fund Library, Washington, D.C.
61:30727 United
Nations. Centro Latinoamericano de Demografia [CELADE] (Santiago,
Chile). Population policies in Latin America and the
Caribbean: some reflections on the threshold of the twenty-first
century. [Las politicas de poblacion en America Latina y el
Caribe: algunas reflexiones en el umbral del siglo XXI.] CELADE Serie
E, No. 42, Pub. Order No. LC/DEM/G.150. Mar 1995. 141 pp. Santiago,
Chile. In Spa.
This volume contains four studies on aspects of
population policy in Latin America and the Caribbean that were
developed in preparation for the 1994 International Conference on
Population and Development in Cairo. The first paper, by Omar
Arguello, examines the relationships among economic development, social
policy, and population. The next, by Miguel Villa, reviews population
policies in general. The third, by Ana Sojo, examines aspects of
population policy that are unique to Latin America and the Caribbean.
The final paper, by Valeria Ramirez, looks at institutional and
administrative factors relevant to the development of population
policies and programs in the region.
Correspondence: UN
Centro Latinoamericano de Demografia, Edificio Naciones Unidas, Avenida
Dag Hammarskjold, Casilla 91, Santiago, Chile. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
61:30728 United
Nations. Department for Economic and Social Information and Policy
Analysis. Population Division (New York, New York).
Results of the Seventh United Nations Population Inquiry among
Governments. No. ST/ESA/SER.R/140, 1995. xi, 169 pp. New York, New
York. In Eng.
This is the seventh in a series of surveys carried
out by the United Nations on government attitudes and policies
concerning population issues. "The present report provides a
statistical summary of the responses of Governments to the Seventh
Population Inquiry. Part I contains frequency distributions for each
variable. Part II provides a copy of the coding manual. Part III
reproduces a copy of the questionnaire, in order to facilitate
interpretation of each variable, and Part IV contains a copy of the
data dictionary." Topics covered include population size, growth, and
age structure; mortality; fertility and the family, including family
planning, contraception, sterilization, and abortion; population
distribution and internal migration; international migration; and the
integration of demographic factors into development planning.
For
the results from the sixth survey in this series, published in 1990,
see 56:30710.
Correspondence: UN Department for Economic
and Social Information and Policy Analysis, Population Division, United
Nations, New York, NY 10017. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
61:30729 Hayashi,
Kenji. How has international population policy been
formulated? The role and positioning of family planning.
Jinkogaku Kenkyu/Journal of Population Studies, No. 18, May 1995. 53-63
pp. Tokyo, Japan. In Jpn. with sum. in Eng.
"After 1945...under the
leadership of the U.S., international population policy focusing on
family planning programs was formulated." The author reviews
international population policy up to the present day. Aspects
considered include changes in policy aims and priorities, international
aid and economic development, types of programs and targets, and
Japanese funding of developing country
programs.
Correspondence: K. Hayashi, Institute of Public
Health, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108, Japan.
Location: Princeton University Library (Gest).
61:30730
Kurzynowski, Adam. Family policy in
1990-1994. Polish Population Review, No. 5, 1994. 5-21 pp. Warsaw,
Poland. In Eng.
"The paper discusses the goals and means of
realization of family policy [in Poland] and its place in the social
policy of the state....The conclusions contain proposals concerning a
wider consideration of the family in social and economic policy, and
the conditions for creating general conditions favourable for family
creation, its development and functioning."
Correspondence:
A. Kurzynowski, Warsaw School of Economics, Al. Niepodleglosci 162,
02-554 Warsaw, Poland. Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
61:30731 Lu,
Zuo. Performance of population policies in China and
India. China Report, Vol. 30, No. 1, Jan-Mar 1994. 19-27 pp. New
Delhi, India. In Eng.
"China and India are two countries with not
only long histories of civilisation but also the largest populations in
Asia and the world....Although they have different social systems, and
have adopted different policies and measures in controlling population
growth, both have achieved appreciable results which have attracted
world attention. This paper is intended to present a comparative
analysis of the situation of population growth in both the countries
and the effectiveness of their policies in this
respect."
Correspondence: Z. Lu, Guizhou People's
University, Population Research Centre, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China.
Location: Princeton University Library (PR).
61:30732 O'Connor,
Robert E.; Berkman, Michael B. Religious determinants of
state abortion policy. Social Science Quarterly, Vol. 76, No. 2,
Jun 1995. 447-59 pp. Austin, Texas. In Eng.
"The research explores
the impact of Roman Catholic and conservative Protestant churches on
state abortion policy [in the United States]." The results indicate
that "religion is a significant factor in abortion policy, but not in
simple ways....While there is one Roman Catholic church, with a diverse
membership but unified leadership and doctrine on the abortion issue,
there are many conservative Protestant churches with no unified
leadership. The authors suggest that these structural differences
account for the different ways conservative Protestants and Roman
Catholics influence state abortion policy."
Correspondence:
R. E. O'Connor, Pennsylvania State University, Department of Political
Science, University Park, PA 16802. Location: Princeton
University Library (PR).
61:30733 Raina, B.
L. The population challenge. ISBN 81-7018-763-X.
1994. vii, 239 pp. B. R. Publishing: Delhi, India. In Eng.
This
study brings up to date a previous study on population policies and
programs in India. In it, the author describes the objectives of the
Eighth Five Year Plan for the period 1992-1997, focusing on population
issues and on the new role of the Planning Commission, and describing
in detail the health and family welfare programs described in the plan.
The achievements of the national family welfare program to date are
also outlined.
For the previous study, published in 1988, see
55:40640.
Correspondence: B. R. Publishing, 29/9 Nangia
Park, Shakti Nagar, Delhi 110 007, India. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
61:30734 Rhein,
Eberhard. The decline in the population growth rate--a
priority issue in international politics. [Die Verlangsamung des
Bevolkerungswachstums--eine vordringliche Aufgabe der internationalen
Politik.] Europa Archiv, Vol. 49, No. 16, Aug 25, 1994. 479-83 pp.
Bonn, Germany. In Ger.
The need for policies to slow the rate of
global population growth is discussed. Topics considered include the
importance of family planning programs in developing countries, the
need for financial assistance from industrialized countries, and the
1994 International Conference on Population and
Development.
Correspondence: E. Rhein, Commission of
European Communities, Generaldirektion fur Auswartige Beziehungen, 1049
Brussels, Belgium. Location: Princeton University Library
(PR).
61:30735 Scribner,
Susan. Policies affecting fertility and contraceptive use:
an assessment of twelve Sub-Saharan countries. World Bank
Discussion Paper, No. 259, ISBN 0-8213-2994-4. LC 94-29410. Apr 1995.
xiii, 82 pp. World Bank: Washington, D.C. In Eng.
"This paper
reviews multisectoral policies that affect the demand for children and
contraceptive use in twelve Sub-Saharan countries. The countries are
chosen from among those that have had recent Demographic and Health
Surveys or Living Standards of Measurement Surveys. Three sets of
policies affecting the demand for children are addressed--girls'
schooling, child health and women's legal status--and a review is
offered of each country's family planning program activities. The
author then ranks the countries according to the strength of their
policies in three of the four areas. Not surprisingly, the three
countries with the strongest policies in girls' schooling, child health
and family planning program activities--Botswana, Kenya and
Zimbabwe--are also those where fertility has already begun to
decline."
Correspondence: World Bank, 1818 H Street NW,
Washington, D.C. 20433. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
61:30736 Serbanescu,
Florina; Morris, Leo; Stupp, Paul; Stanescu, Alin. The
impact of recent policy changes on fertility, abortion, and
contraceptive use in Romania. Studies in Family Planning, Vol. 26,
No. 2, Mar-Apr 1995. 76-87 pp. New York, New York. In Eng.
"A
national household survey of 4,861 women aged 15-44 on reproductive
health issues was conducted in Romania in 1993. The survey provided
the opportunity to study the impact of policy changes by comparing
selected aspects of fertility, abortion, and contraceptive use before
and after the December 1989 revolution, when the laws restricting
abortion and contraceptive use were abolished. After abortion became
legal, the total fertility rate dropped to below replacement level,
while the induced abortion rate doubled. Contraceptive prevalence
increased 20 percent, but augmentation of the use of traditional
methods, rather than the change in legislation, accounted for 70
percent of the increase. Limited sex education and contraceptive
information, mistrust and misinformation about modern methods, a lack
of adequately trained providers, and a shortage or uneven distribution
of contraceptive supplies are major reasons for the continued high
rates of unintended pregnancy."
Correspondence: F.
Serbanescu, World Health Organization, Collaborating Center in
Perinatal Care Health Research, Mailstop K-35, DRH/CDC, 4770 Buford
Highway, Atlanta, GA 30341-3724. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
61:30737 Tuladhar,
Jayanti. Population policies and programme in Nepal.
Demography India, Vol. 22, No. 2, Jul-Dec 1993. 175-89 pp. Delhi,
India. In Eng.
The author discusses the development of population
policies and programs designed to address persistent high fertility in
Nepal. Aspects considered include the difficulty of estimating
fertility levels and trends; policy and program issues such as marriage
age, breast-feeding, abortion, women's status, demand for family
planning, maternal and child health, and contraception; and the role of
nongovernmental organizations.
Correspondence: J. Tuladhar,
Population Council, One Dag Hammarskjold Plaza, New York, NY 10017.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
61:30738 Zavala de
Cosio, Maria E. Fertility change in Mexico and population
policies. [Cambios de fecundidad en Mexico y politicas de
poblacion.] ISBN 968-16-3922-7. LC 93-153940. 1992. 326 pp. El Colegio
de Mexico, Fondo de Cultura Economica: Mexico City, Mexico. In Spa.
This is a study of the relationship between fertility trends and
population policies in Mexico over the course of the twentieth century.
The author first describes fertility changes for the period 1895 to
1981 using data from a variety of published sources, including the
census and surveys. Particular attention is given to the period of
declining fertility from 1970 to 1981. The second part examines
population policy developments, from the pronatalist policies initiated
in the 1930s to the family planning policies and programs of the late
1970s and 1980s. An attempt is made to evaluate the demographic impact
of policies and programs developed since
1977.
Correspondence: El Colegio de Mexico, Fondo de
Cultura Economica, Camino al Ajusco 20, 10740 Mexico, DF, Mexico.
Location: U.S. Library of Congress, Washington, D.C.
61:30739 Zhang,
Junsen; Quan, Jason; Van Meerbergen, Peter. The effect of
tax-transfer policies on fertility in Canada, 1921-88. Journal of
Human Resources, Vol. 29, No. 1, Winter 1994. 181-201 pp. Madison,
Wisconsin. In Eng.
"This paper estimates the effect on fertility of
the personal tax exemption for children, child tax credit, family
allowances, and maternity leave benefits in Canada using time-series
data from 1921 to 1988. It is found that the exemption, child tax
credit, and family allowances all have significant and positive effects
on fertility; the results are robust to a variety of specifications
including first-differencing. While the three tax-transfer programs
seem to be very distinct, the null hypothesis that they have no
differential effects on fertility can hardly be rejected. All the
results also hold for the cumulative effect of the three tax-transfer
programs. The estimates predict that a large increase in the value of
the tax-transfer programs would be needed to increase fertility to the
replacement level."
Correspondence: J. Zhang, Chinese
University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong.
Location: Princeton University Library (IR).
61:30740 Zimakova,
Tatiana. A fragile inheritance: family policy in a
changing Eastern Europe. Population Studies Center Research
Report, No. 94-311, May 1994. 39 pp. University of Michigan, Population
Studies Center: Ann Arbor, Michigan. In Eng.
"This study examines
family policy [in Eastern Europe] from a comparative perspective in
four areas: systems of paid maternity and child care leaves; public
child care; financial aid to families; and government expenditures for
families with children....The research is based on official statistics
of international and national agencies, documents and scientific
analyses of national studies on family policies in Central and Eastern
European countries...,as well as on information derived from interviews
with practitioners and policy-makers...during 1988 to
1993."
Correspondence: University of Michigan, Population
Studies Center, 1225 South University Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI 48109.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
61:30741 Birrell,
Robert. Immigration control in Australia. Annals of
the American Academy of Political and Social Science, Vol. 534, Jul
1994. 106-17 pp. Sage Publications: Thousand Oaks, California/London,
England. In Eng.
Developments in Australian policy concerning
immigration are reviewed. The author notes that Australia's physical
isolation has limited illegal migration, but that increasing numbers of
those holding short-term visas as visitors or students have overstayed
and applied for permanent resident status. Since the 1980s, the
government has introduced a series of tough legislative and
administrative measures that have significantly diminished this
problem.
Correspondence: R. Birrell, Monash University,
Centre for Population and Urban Research, Clayton, Victoria 3168,
Australia. Location: Princeton University Library (FST).
61:30742 Borras,
Alegria; Areste, Pedro; Gonzalez, Cristina; Martinez, Antonio; de la
Mata, Fernando; Miquel, Jose A.; Sagarra, Eduard. Ten
years of the Law Concerning Foreigners: balance and perspectives.
[Diez anos de la Ley de Extranjeria: balance y perspectivas.] Itinera
Libros, ISBN 84-88130-10-4. Apr 1995. 250 pp. Fundacion Paulino Torras
Domenech: Barcelona, Spain. In Spa.
This is a review of events in
Spain over the course of the 10-year period since the current
immigration law came into force. The work is in five chapters, which
look at Spanish immigration law in the international context, the
constitutional position of foreigners in Spain, the prosecution of
illegal migrants, administrative developments in the law's application,
and changes in the social conditions of
foreigners.
Correspondence: Fundacion Paulino Torras
Domenech, Passeig de Gracia 58, 2o 2a, 08007 Barcelona, Spain.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
61:30743 Bouvier,
Leon. What if...? Immigration decisions: what could have
been, what could be. Oct 1994. 37 pp. Federation for American
Immigration Reform [FAIR]: Washington, D.C. In Eng.
The author
"examines how different immigration policies in the past would have
given us a different America today and how changes in immigration
policy today would give us a different future. [He] examines nine
scenarios: scenarios I through IV focus on how changes in the past
would have changed our present; scenarios V through IX focus on how
various levels of immigration now would affect our
future."
Correspondence: Federation for American
Immigration Reform, 1666 Connecticut Avenue NW, Suite 400, Washington,
D.C. 20009. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
61:30744 Brou,
Kouadio; Charbit, Yves. The migration policy of the Ivory
Coast. [La politique migratoire de la Cote-d'Ivoire.] Revue
Europeenne des Migrations Internationales, Vol. 10, No. 3, 1994. 33-59
pp. Poitiers, France. In Fre. with sum. in Eng; Spa.
"This paper
deals with the policy of internal and international migration [in the
Ivory Coast,] especially its determinants, instruments and results.
The authors...identify demographic, economic and historical factors.
Then they analyse internal migration with special emphasis on the
instruments used, selective regional allocation of jobs and passing of
landholding rights....Finally, the most recent trends are examined:
internal and international migration policy evolved under the
constraints of the economic and political crisis [of] the
1980s."
Correspondence: K. Brou, Universite Rene Descartes
Paris V, 12 rue Cujas, 75005 Paris, France. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
61:30745 Chambovey,
Didier. Policies relating to aliens and quota systems for
immigrants: the example of Switzerland. [Politique a l'egard des
etrangers et contingentement de l'immigration: l'exemple de la
Suisse.] Population, Vol. 50, No. 2, Mar-Apr 1995. 357-84 pp. Paris,
France. In Fre. with sum. in Eng; Spa.
"The author assesses the
efficiency of quantitative [immigration] controls (quota systems) and
their effect on the labour market [in Switzerland]. These had only a
small impact on immigration, and thus on the numbers of permanent
foreign residents in Switzerland. A policy which allowed foreigners
who had been admitted to facilitate family reunification to settle in
Switzerland, and the conversion of seasonal into permanent permits,
reduced the effect of quantitative restrictions. Policies failed to
achieve an optimum balance in employment and led to an economy which
was more vulnerable in times of crisis, and to higher
unemployment."
Correspondence: D. Chambovey, Universite de
Neuchatel, Avenue du 1er Mars 26, 2000 Neuchatel, Switzerland.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
61:30746 Convey,
Andrew; Kupiszewski, Marek. Migration and policy in the
European Union. School of Geography Working Paper, No. 94/5, Mar
1994. 37 pp. University of Leeds, School of Geography: Leeds, England.
In Eng.
The authors discuss differences in migration policies
toward internal European Community (EC) migration and toward
non-Community citizens moving into EC member
countries.
Correspondence: University of Leeds, School of
Geography, Leeds LS2 9JT, England. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
61:30747 Dale,
Suzanne M.; LeMay, Michael C.; Mariam, Al G. Breaching the
barriers: migrating ethnic groups and immigration policy.
Southeastern Political Review, Vol. 22, No. 4, Dec 1994. 729-52 pp.
Statesboro, Georgia. In Eng.
"Immigration receiving nations around
the world have been raising barriers. This article looks at the newest
such barriers contained in recent United States immigration laws. The
dichotomy poses a dilemma for persons and groups--such as refugee
groups--who are seeking to migrate but have few options for coping with
increased barriers to their entrance. Potential immigrant groups may
simply ignore the laws and enter illegally. They may seek to amend the
laws by special exemptions for themselves. Finally, they may seek
redress from the harsher policy via the courts. This article
exemplifies each of those strategies for coping with immigration
barriers by high-lighting the cases of Mexicans, Irish, and
Haitians."
Correspondence: A. G. Mariam, California State
University, 5500 University Parkway, San Bernardino, CA 92407.
Location: New York Public Library, New York, NY.
61:30748 Freeman,
Gary P. Can liberal states control unwanted
migration? Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social
Science, Vol. 534, Jul 1994. 17-30 pp. Sage Publications: Thousand
Oaks, California/London, England. In Eng.
The author disaggregates
migration policy into four parts: "managing legal immigration,
controlling illegal migration, administering temporary worker programs,
and processing asylum seekers and refugees. A review of the experiences
of the liberal democracies with each of these migration challenges
indicates that although there are numerous instances of policy failure,
there is also considerable capacity to regulate migration." He also
suggests that this capacity is growing over
time.
Correspondence: G. P. Freeman, University of Texas,
Department of Government, Austin, TX 78712. Location:
Princeton University Library (FST).
61:30749 Jupp,
James. From 'White Australia' to 'part of Asia': recent
shifts in Australian immigration policy towards the region.
International Migration Review, Vol. 29, No. 1, Spring 1995. 207-28 pp.
Staten Island, New York. In Eng.
"This article examines the impact
on Australia of population movements in the Asia-Pacific region since
1945, with special reference to the period since 1975 that marked the
termination of the restrictive 'White Australia Policy.' That policy,
which had its origins in racist theories popular at the end of the
nineteenth century, isolated Australia from its immediate region and
kept it tied to its European and, more specifically, British
origins....It is concluded that the generation which has grown up since
1945 and which is now starting to dominate politics and intellectual
life will find it easier to reorient Australia than did the previous
generation, despite continuing ambivalence in public
attitudes."
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
61:30750 Kuptsch,
Christiane; de Beijl, Roger Z. International labour
migration. Policy options for sending and receiving countries.
Studi Emigrazione/Etudes Migrations, Vol. 32, No. 118, Jun 1995. 226-46
pp. Rome, Italy. In Eng. with sum. in Fre.
The policy options open
to labor-exporting and labor-receiving countries are examined and
compared. "Whereas the section on the receiving countries gives an
overview and categorization of past policies and assesses their
effects, the section on the sending countries focuses on policy options
in the light of stated policy aims. Government policies are in the
centre of attention, as [are] other important actors such as individual
migrants, employers and trade unions in sending and receiving countries
or NGOs militating in favour of migrant workers. Also governments'
policy options can be limited by pressures from all these actors and by
human rights considerations."
Correspondence: International
Labour Office, 4 route des Morillons, 1211 Geneva 22, Switzerland.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
61:30751 Livi-Bacci,
Massimo. "Us" and "them": European and North American
attitudes to immigration. ["Nous" et "eux": l'Europe et les
Etats-Unis face a l'immigration.] Politique Etrangere, Vol. 59, No. 3,
Autumn 1994. 661-70 pp. Paris, France. In Fre. with sum. in Eng.
The author analyzes the historical reasons for the differences that
have developed between immigration policies in North America and
Western Europe, which primarily concern a closed-door policy in Europe
and a progressive opening-up toward immigration in America. "The
reason for this evolution lies in the differences between the
simplistic European conception of immigration as a short-term solution
to labour market problems and the American approach which treats
immigrants as full members of the society."
Correspondence:
M. Livi-Bacci, Universita degli Studi di Firenze, Department of
Political Science, Piazza San Marco 4, 50121 Florence, Italy.
Location: Princeton University Library (SF).
61:30752 Marie,
Claude-Valentin. From the campaign against illegal
migration to the campaign against illegal work. Annals of the
American Academy of Political and Social Science, Vol. 534, Jul 1994.
118-32 pp. Sage Publications: Thousand Oaks, California/London,
England. In Eng.
In this article, translated from the original
French, the author notes that "the French effort to curb illegal
immigration, which began in earnest in the mid-1970s, had become
increasingly subsumed under a broader campaign to prevent and punish
illegal employment by the early 1990s. Illegal alien employment
remains a significant concern, but most illegal work involves French
citizens. Over the past two decades, France has fine-tuned and
reinforced a panoply of laws punishing illegal employment, but
socioeconomic trends have tended to exacerbate it. Nonetheless, the
government's ability to punish and deter illegal work, including
illegal alien employment, is more considerable and credible today than
it was two decades ago."
Location: Princeton University
Library (FST).
61:30753 Martin,
Philip L. Good intentions gone awry: IRCA and U.S.
agriculture. Annals of the American Academy of Political and
Social Science, Vol. 534, Jul 1994. 44-57 pp. Sage Publications:
Thousand Oaks, California/London, England. In Eng.
The impact of
the 1986 U.S. Immigration Reform and Control Act on the U.S.
agricultural sector is examined. "By legalizing the farm workforce, it
was hoped that legal workers who did not have to compete with a
continuing influx of illegal aliens could force farmers to improve
wages and working conditions. Farmers, in turn, would stop planting
labor-intensive crops in remote areas and expect the U.S. government to
admit or tolerate the entry of immigrant workers to harvest them. The
immigration reforms have proven to be a case of good intentions gone
awry. Instead of a legal farm workforce, 20-40 percent of today's farm
workers are unauthorized. Most farm employers did not make adjustments
to retain newly legalized farm workers; instead, more farmers sought
newly arrived and often unauthorized immigrant
workers."
Correspondence: P. L. Martin, University of
California, Department of Agricultural Economics, Davis, CA
95616-8512. Location: Princeton University Library (FST).
61:30754 Miller,
Mark J. Strategies for immigration control: an
international comparison. Annals of the American Academy of
Political and Social Science, Vol. 534, Jul 1994. 219 pp. Sage
Publications: Thousand Oaks, California/London, England. In Eng.
This issue contains a selection of 12 papers that examine
strategies for the control of immigration from an international
perspective. "Serious doubts have arisen as to the ability of
governments, particularly Western democratic ones, to regulate
international migration at a time when global migratory propensities
are on the rise. The articles in this volume address various facets of
what looms as a principal foreign and domestic policy issue worldwide
in the foreseeable future."
Selected items will be cited in this or
subsequent issues of Population Index.
Correspondence: Sage
Publications, 2455 Teller Road, Thousand Oaks, CA 91320.
Location: Princeton University Library (FST).
61:30755 Mitchell,
Christopher. U.S. Policy toward Haitian boat people,
1972-1993. Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social
Science, Vol. 534, Jul 1994. 69-80 pp. Sage Publications: Thousand
Oaks, California/London, England. In Eng.
The U.S. policy response
from the 1970s through the early 1990s to the unauthorized migration
from Haiti to south Florida by sea is examined. The author notes the
development of a more restrictive policy over time, culminating in the
policy adopted in May 1992, under which intercepted vessels were
escorted back to Haiti without allowing passengers to request political
asylum. The relationship between criticism of this policy and U.S
intervention to try and restore democracy in Haiti is considered. The
author concludes that "as both U.S. political leaders and the general
public become more restrictionist, the policy of returning Haitian boat
people may, unfortunately, come to seem normal rather than
anomalous."
Correspondence: C. Mitchell, New York
University, Washington Square, New York, NY 10003. Location:
Princeton University Library (FST).
61:30756 North,
David S. Enforcing the minimum wage and employer
sanctions. Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social
Science, Vol. 534, Jul 1994. 58-68 pp. Sage Publications: Thousand
Oaks, California/London, England. In Eng.
The impact of the
employer sanctions on the hiring of illegal immigrants, initiated in
the 1986 Immigration Reform and Control Act, on the minimum wage is
examined in Los Angeles County, California, a region with large-scale
immigration, both legal and illegal. "The roles of four groups of
agencies are examined: unions, community-based organizations,
employment standards agencies, and the Immigration and Naturalization
Service. The expected inter-agency cooperation to raise wages for
those at the bottom of the labor market was not found. Further,
resources for enforcing the minimum wage turned out to be minimal, with
social service agencies and foundations much more interested in a more
fashionable, if less pervasive, labor market problem, namely,
sanction-caused discrimination against foreign-appearing
workers."
Correspondence: D. S. North, New TransCentury
Foundation, Arlington, VA. Location: Princeton University
Library (FST).
61:30757 Perotti,
Rosanna. Employer sanctions and the limits of
negotiation. Annals of the American Academy of Political and
Social Science, Vol. 534, Jul 1994. 31-43 pp. Sage Publications:
Thousand Oaks, California/London, England. In Eng.
"This article
provides an overview and assessment of the implementation of the
Immigration Reform and Control ACT (IRCA) of 1986, the major U.S. law
intended to curb illegal migration. Enforcement of employer sanctions,
protection against possible discrimination linked to employer
sanctions, and legalization of alien workers are considered. IRCA
should be viewed as a first step in coping with illegal immigration,
but much more will have to be done to achieve an optimal balance
between hospitality and control."
Correspondence: R.
Perotti, Hofstra University, Department of Political Science,
Hempstead, NY 11550. Location: Princeton University Library
(FST).
61:30758 Schuck,
Peter H.; Wang, Theodore H. Continuity and change:
patterns of immigration litigation in the courts, 1979-1990.
Stanford Law Review, Vol. 45, No. 1, Nov 1992. 116-83 pp. Stanford,
California. In Eng.
"This study represented an effort to learn more
about contemporary immigration litigation in the [U.S.] courts. It
sought to: (a) establish a profile of the immigration caseload; (b)
discern some of the effects of certain immigration policy reforms on
that caseload; (c) emphasize the growing importance of affirmative
challenge litigation, especially impact cases, in the immigration area;
and (d) determine what occurs when federal courts remand immigration
cases to the INS [Immigration and Naturalization Service] and the
administrative immigration court. The study was meant to be
descriptive, not normative."
Correspondence: P. H. Schuck,
Yale University, School of Law, Box 208269, Yale Station, New Haven, CT
06520. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
61:30759 van
Amersfoort, Hans; Penninx, Rinus. Regulating migration in
Europe: the Dutch experience, 1960-1992. Annals of the American
Academy of Political and Social Science, Vol. 534, Jul 1994. 133-46 pp.
Sage Publications: Thousand Oaks, California/London, England. In Eng.
Recent trends in international migration to the Netherlands are
described. "Since 1960, three migration flows in particular have
contributed to the migration surplus: labor migration from the
Mediterranean area, migration from former Dutch colonies, and migration
of international refugees. In each case, the measures taken by the
Dutch government to regulate the migration have not been successful.
This article analyzes why it is so difficult, if not impossible, to
effectively implement migration regulations. A very important reason
seems to be the contradictory aims of the welfare state that, on the
one hand, tries to keep immigrants out but, on the other hand, seeks to
ensure full civil rights for the immigrant population settled in the
country."
Correspondence: H. van Amersfoort, University of
Amsterdam, Nieuwe Prinsengracht 130, 1018 VZ Amsterdam, Netherlands.
Location: Princeton University Library (FST).
61:30760 Wang,
Yuesheng. A study on the migration policy in ancient
China. Chinese Journal of Population Science, Vol. 7, No. 1, 1995.
27-38 pp. New York, New York. In Eng.
"In the history of Chinese
feudal society, migration of the population, including the migration
activity of ethnic groups, was incessant. The feudal dynasties,
including those established by ethnic minorities, either adopted a
policy against inter-ethnic migration, or permitted or even compelled
migration. A study of these multifarious policies helps us understand
the inter-ethnic relationships, distribution of ethnic groups, and the
development of the Chinese race."
Correspondence: Y. Wang,
Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, Population Research Institute, 5
Jianguomen Nei Da Jie 5 Hao, Beijing, China. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
61:30761 Weidenfeld,
Werner; Hillenbrand, Olaf. EC immigration policy:
challenges--options--consequences. [EG-Einwanderungspolitik:
Herausforderungen--Optionen--Folgen.] Internationale Politik und
Gessellschaft/International Politics and Society, No. 1, 1994. 31-9,
97, 99 pp. Bonn, Germany. In Ger. with sum. in Eng; Fre.
"The rates
of immigration into the Western European countries now exceed those
experienced by the classical immigration countries. As a result, a
sense of threat is felt by the public. A European immigration concept
is needed because, on the one hand, the countries of Western Europe
require immigration to offset an increasingly unfavourable age
structure and, on the other, there are migratory pressures to be dealt
with, especially from Central and Eastern Europe and North
Africa....Without the proper channeling and curbing of immigration it
is to be feared that excessive demands will be placed on the host
societes."
Location: World Bank, Joint Bank-Fund Library,
Washington, D.C.
61:30762 Weidenfeld,
Werner. The European immigration concept. [Das
europaische Einwanderungskonzept.] ISBN 3-89204-088-5. 1994. 200 pp.
Bertelsmann Stiftung: Gutersloh, Germany. In Ger.
This book is a
collection of five papers by various authors. The main focus is on
developing recommendations for a European immigration law. Political
and social problems of migration policy in the European Union are
analyzed, the need for immigration to compensate for fertility decline
is assessed, and the concept of an immigration policy for the European
Union as a whole is presented.
Correspondence: Bertelsmann
Stiftung, Carl-Bertelsmann-Strasse 256, 33311 Gutersloh, Germany.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
61:30763 Weil,
Patrick. French immigration policy. [La politique de
la France.] Politique Etrangere, Vol. 59, No. 3, Autumn 1994. 719-29
pp. Paris, France. In Fre. with sum. in Eng.
"French immigration
policy is often presented as being incoherent. However, its rules were
fixed in the edict of 2nd November 1945. From this date until 1974,
France was officially a country looking for labour and family based
immigration. From 1974 until 1984, French immigration policy
fluctuated between the principle of granting foreigners rights
regardless of their national, religious or racial origin or that based
on ethnocentrism that is to say the existence of different degrees of
assimilation of immigrants (depending on their origin) with the 'French
ethnic group'. The egalitarian principle was finally confirmed by the
law of July 1984 which created a single permit." The author suggests
that all subsequent governments have acted in accordance with that
principle, even if they did not state openly that they were so doing,
but they have not always chosen the most effective
strategies.
Correspondence: P. Weil, Centre National de la
Recherche Scientifique, Centre Pierre Leon, Paris, France.
Location: Princeton University Library (SF).
