61:20787 Akkerman,
Abraham. Sameness of age cohorts in the mathematics of
population growth. British Journal for the Philosophy of Science,
Vol. 45, 1994. 679-91 pp. Oxford, England. In Eng.
"Considering age
groups as part of cohorts, implicit in LLM [a Leslie-Lotka finitist
model], causes difficulty, manifested by the extensionality paradox.
The proposition made here was that cohorts are empirical temporal
entities, while age groups are theoretical entities, references only.
Cohort is a multitude of persons born at the same time interval,
throughout the totality of their lives. Age group, on the other hand,
is a concept only, constituted by the notion of the age interval....A
model of household and population growth based on the household
composition matrix yields results that are inherently different from
these of LLM."
Correspondence: A. Akkerman, University of
Saskatchewan, Department of Geography, 283C Arts Building, Saskatoon,
Saskatchewan S7N 0W0, Canada. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
61:20788 Bah,
Sulaiman. A technical note on problems encountered in
using SPSS/Pc+ to extract information from DHS data files: the case of
"children ever born" and "children dead" Population Studies
Program Demographic Working Paper, No. DWP/005/95, [1995]. 12 pp.
University of Zimbabwe, Department of Sociology, Population Studies
Program: Harare, Zimbabwe. In Eng.
"This paper aims to highlight
some of the problems encountered in using SPSS/Pc+ to extract
information from DHS data on 'children ever born'...by women of
reproductive ages (15-49) and the 'sons dead'...and 'daughters
dead'...among those children." The data used are from the 1988 Zimbabwe
Demographic and Health Survey. The author proposes an alternative way
to extract this information for use in estimating levels of infant and
child mortality.
Correspondence: University of Zimbabwe,
Department of Sociology, Population Studies Program, Mount Pleasant,
Harare, Zimbabwe. Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
61:20789 Courgeau,
Daniel; Najim, Jamal. Analysis of incomplete event
histories. [Analyse de biographies fragmentaires.] Population,
Vol. 50, No. 1, Jan-Feb 1995. 149-68 pp. Paris, France. In Fre. with
sum. in Eng; Spa.
"Some sources of longitudinal data...contain
fragmentary demographic information. This article describes methods
for analysing such biographies and discusses what assumptions are
required to give correct estimations. The validity of these
assumptions is tested using complete retrospective data from [a French]
survey on family, professional and migratory data artificially
fragmented in the same way as observed in incomplete sources. This
opens up the possibility of using fragmentary data to estimate the
correct lengths of residence, particularly in the field of geographic
and professional mobility."
Correspondence: D. Courgeau,
Institut National d'Etudes Demographiques, 27 rue du Commandeur, 75675
Paris Cedex 14, France. Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
61:20790 Dalla
Zuanna, Gianpiero. Statistical association and
standardization. [Associazione statistica e standardizzazione.]
Fonti e Strumenti, No. 3, 1994. 105 pp. Universita degli Studi di Roma
La Sapienza, Dipartimento di Scienze Demografiche: Rome, Italy. In Ita.
This report introduces the statistical methodologies of both direct
and indirect standardization and their application to data analysis.
Chapters are also included on log-linear models and standardization,
and on differences in distribution. The work concludes with examples
of the application of standardization to the analysis of mortality data
for Italy and Norway, and of fertility data for a number of developing
countries.
Correspondence: Universita degli Studi di Roma
La Sapienza, Dipartimento di Scienze Demografiche, Via Nomentana 41,
00161 Rome, Italy. Location: Princeton University Library
(SPR).
61:20791 Das Gupta,
Prithwis. Recomputation of age-adjusted death rates and
age-sex-adjusted birth rates for the United States, 1940-1990.
Genus, Vol. 49, No. 3-4, Jul-Dec 1993. 165-76 pp. Rome, Italy. In Eng.
with sum. in Fre; Ita.
"Many authors have examined whether the
National Center for Health Statistics should continue to use the 1940
U.S. population as the standard for the computation of age-sex-adjusted
birth rates and age-adjusted death rates, or replace it by a more
recent population. It is shown that standardization by using a single
population as the standard leads to internally inconsistent results.
The standardization technique suggested in this paper not only
generates internally consistent rates, but also puts an end to the
continuing debate as to which one of the actual populations should be
used as the standard. The technique is applied to the U.S. data to
recompute the adjusted birth and death rates for the years
1940-1990."
Correspondence: P. Das Gupta, U.S. Bureau of
the Census, Population Division, Washington, D.C. 20233.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
61:20792 Das Gupta,
Prithwis. Standardization and decomposition of rates from
cross-classified data. Genus, Vol. 50, No. 3-4, Jul-Dec 1994.
171-96 pp. Rome, Italy. In Eng. with sum. in Fre; Ita.
"Social
scientists have traditionally used the technique of direct
standardization to eliminate the compositional effects from the overall
rates. The technique of decomposition deals with finding the additive
contributions of the effects of the differences in the compositional or
rate factors in two populations to the difference in their overall
rates. The subjects of standardization and decomposition are strictly
linked. The paper provides explicit expressions for the standardized
rates and the effects of the factors involved, when the rates are
calculated from cross-classified data. The techniques are illustrated
by numerical examples, and a general program is provided for data up to
six factors."
Correspondence: P. Das Gupta, U.S. Bureau of
the Census, Population Division, Washington, D.C. 20233.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
61:20793 Ogaz
Pierce, Hector. The Gompertz-Makeham function in the
description and projection of demographic phenomena. [La funcion
de Gompertz-Makeham en la descripcion y proyeccion de fenomenos
demograficos.] Estudios Demograficos y Urbanos, Vol. 6, No. 3, Sep-Dec
1991. 485-520, 779 pp. Mexico City, Mexico. In Spa. with sum. in Eng.
"The main aim of this article is to examine the application of [the
Gompertz-Makeham mathematical function] in detail, and more
specifically, its mathematical formulation and development. Another
objective is to test an iterative method for obtaining parameters, by
which one may obtain an optimal function best describing the behavior
of a population in the face of demographic phenomena. This study was
conducted with [Mexican data on] population growth and...structures by
age of fertility and the labor force."
Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
61:20794 Openshaw,
S.; Rao, L. Algorithms for reengineering 1991 census
geography. Environment and Planning A, Vol. 27, No. 3, Mar 1995.
425-46 pp. London, England. In Eng.
"The availability of GIS
[geographic information systems] technology and digital boundaries of
census output areas now makes it possible for users to design their own
census geography. Three algorithms are described that can be used for
this purpose. An Arc/Info implementation is briefly outlined and case
studies presented to demonstrate some of the results of explicitly
designing zoning systems for use with 1991 [U.K.] census
data."
Correspondence: S. Openshaw, University of Leeds,
School of Geography, Leeds LS2 9JT, England. Location:
Princeton University Library (UES).
61:20795 Oskamp,
Anton. LOCSIM: a microsimulation approach to household
and housing market modelling. PDOD Paper, No. 29, Mar 1995. 21 pp.
Universiteit van Amsterdam, Postdoctorale Onderzoekersopleiding
Demografie [PDOD]: Amsterdam, Netherlands. In Eng.
"This paper
deals with a simulation model (LOCSIM-local simulation) of the housing
market which operates at local levels and on short terms." The
emphasis is on the feedback between population dynamics and the housing
market, and particularly how migration and changes in household
structure over the life cycle affect the demand for housing. The
geographical focus is on the Netherlands.
Correspondence:
A. Oskamp, University of Amsterdam, Department of Planning and
Demography, Amsterdam Study Centre for the Metropolitan Environment,
Nieuwe Prinsengracht 130, 1018 VZ Amsterdam, Netherlands.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
61:20796 Otani,
Kenji. Fitting some curves to cohort-marriage-age
distribution. Jinkogaku Kenkyu/Journal of Population Studies, No.
14, May 1991. 67-73 pp. Tokyo, Japan. In Jpn.
The author examines
methodological issues concerning the analysis of cohort-marriage-age
distributions.
Correspondence: K. Otani, Kansai University,
3-3-35 Yamate-cho 3-chome, Suita-shi, Osaka 564, Japan.
Location: Princeton University Library (Gest).
61:20797 Sardon,
Jean-Paul. Coale indexes, comparative indexes, mean
generation, fluctuation indicators, and components. [Indices de
Coale, Indices comparatifs, generation moyenne, indicateur conjoncturel
et composantes.] Population, Vol. 50, No. 1, Jan-Feb 1995. 170-6 pp.
Paris, France. In Fre.
The author examines how the Coale fertility
indexes and other indexes developed at Princeton can be applied to the
study of various historical demographic
issues.
Correspondence: J.-P. Sardon, Institut National
d'Etudes Demographiques, 27 rue du Commandeur, 75675 Paris Cedex 14,
France. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
61:20798 Suzuki,
Toru. Graph of marriage chains: mathematical basis of
Hirosima's model. Jinkogaku Kenkyu/Journal of Population Studies,
No. 15, May 1992. 63-8 pp. Tokyo, Japan. In Jpn.
The author
discusses the mathematical concepts on which the marriage model
developed by Kiyosi Hirosima is based.
Location: Princeton
University Library (Gest).
61:20799 Williamson,
P.; Rees, P.; Birkin, M. Indexing the census: a
by-product of the simulation of whole populations by means of SAS and
SAR data. Environment and Planning A, Vol. 27, No. 3, Mar 1995.
413-24 pp. London, England. In Eng.
"Amongst the new output formats
adopted for the 1991 [U.K.] census were the Small Area and Local Base
Statistics tables and the Samples of Anonymised Records. During an
attempt to combine these data sources to estimate whole populations, a
need was recognised for a computer algorithm to aggregate SAR data
flexibly into LBS and SAS table look-alikes. This paper is a report on
progress in the development of such an algorithm, including the
concomitant development of a meta-database of census tables and
variables required as an input to the algorithm. Out of this work a
user-friendly, freely disseminable version of the census meta-database
has been created, of interest to all census
users."
Correspondence: P. Williamson, University of Leeds,
School of Geography, Leeds LS2 9JT, England. Location:
Princeton University Library (UES).
